29 Cfr 1910.22

§ 1910.22

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–05 Edition)

(4) Coupler. A device for locking together the components of a tubular
metal scaffold which shall be designed
and used to safely support the maximum intended loads.
(5) Design working load. The maximum intended load, being the total of
all loads including the weight of the
men, materials, equipment, and platform.
(6) Equivalent. Alternative design or
features, which will provide an equal
degree or factor of safety.
(7) Guardrail. A barrier secured to
uprights and erected along the exposed
sides and ends of platforms to prevent
falls of persons.
(8) Handrail. A rail connected to a
ladder stand running parallel to the
slope and/or top step.
(9) Ladder stand. A mobile fixed size
self-supporting ladder consisting of a
wide flat tread ladder in the form of
stairs. The assembly may include handrails.
(10) Ledger (stringer). A horizontal
scaffold member which extends from
post to post and which supports the
bearer forming a tie between the posts.
(11) Mobile scaffold (tower). A light,
medium, or heavy duty scaffold mounted on casters or wheels.
(12) Mobile. ‘‘Manually propelled.’’
(13) Mobile work platform. Generally a
fixed work level one frame high on
casters or wheels, with bracing diagonally from platform to vertical frame.
(14) Runner. The lengthwise horizontal bracing and/or bearing members.
(15) Scaffold. Any temporary elevated
platform and its necessary vertical, diagonal, and horizontal members used
for supporting workmen and materials.
(Also known as a scaffold tower.)
(16) Toeboard. A barrier at platform
level erected along the exposed sides
and ends of a scaffold platform to prevent falls of materials.
(17) Tube and coupler scaffold. An assembly consisting of tubing which
serves as posts, bearers, braces, ties,
and runners, a base supporting the
posts, and uprights, and serves to join
the various members, usually used in
fixed locations.
(18) Tubular welded frame scaffold. A
sectional, panel, or frame metal scaffold substantially built up of prefabricated welded sections, which consist

of posts and bearers with intermediate
connecting members and braced with
diagonal or cross braces.
(19) Tubular welded sectional folding
scaffold. A sectional, folding metal
scaffold either of ladder frame or inside
stairway design, substantially built of
prefabricated welded sections, which
consist of end frames, platform frame,
inside inclined stairway frame and
braces, or hinged connected diagonal
and horizontal braces, capable of being
folded into a flat package when the
scaffold is not in use.
(20) Work level. The elevated platform, used for supporting workmen and
their materials, comprising the necessary vertical, horizontal, and diagonal braces, guardrails, and ladder for
access to the work platform.
§ 1910.22

General requirements.

This section applies to all permanent
places of employment, except where
domestic, mining, or agricultural work
only is performed. Measures for the
control of toxic materials are considered to be outside the scope of this section.
(a) Housekeeping. (1) All places of employment, passageways, storerooms,
and service rooms shall be kept clean
and orderly and in a sanitary condition.
(2) The floor of every workroom shall
be maintained in a clean and, so far as
possible, a dry condition. Where wet
processes are used, drainage shall be
maintained, and false floors, platforms,
mats, or other dry standing places
should be provided where practicable.
(3) To facilitate cleaning, every floor,
working place, and passageway shall be
kept free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards.
(b) Aisles and passageways. (1) Where
mechanical handling equipment is
used, sufficient safe clearances shall be
allowed for aisles, at loading docks,
through doorways and wherever turns
or passage must be made. Aisles and
passageways shall be kept clear and in
good repairs, with no obstruction
across or in aisles that could create a
hazard.
(2) Permanent aisles and passageways
shall be appropriately marked.

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(c) Covers and guardrails. Covers and/
or guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open
pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc.
(d) Floor loading protection. (1) In
every building or other structure, or
part thereof, used for mercantile, business, industrial, or storage purposes,
the loads approved by the building official shall be marked on plates of approved design which shall be supplied
and securely affixed by the owner of
the building, or his duly authorized
agent, in a conspicuous place in each
space to which they relate. Such plates
shall not be removed or defaced but, if
lost, removed, or defaced, shall be replaced by the owner or his agent.
(2) It shall be unlawful to place, or
cause, or permit to be placed, on any
floor or roof of a building or other
structure a load greater than that for
which such floor or roof is approved by
the building official.
§ 1910.23 Guarding floor and wall
openings and holes.
(a) Protection for floor openings. (1)
Every stairway floor opening shall be
guarded by a standard railing constructed in accordance with paragraph
(e) of this section. The railing shall be
provided on all exposed sides (except at
entrance to stairway). For infrequently
used stairways where traffic across the
opening prevents the use of fixed standard railing (as when located in aisle
spaces, etc.), the guard shall consist of
a hinged floor opening cover of standard strength and construction and removable standard railings on all exposed sides (except at entrance to
stairway).
(2) Every ladderway floor opening or
platform shall be guarded by a standard railing with standard toeboard on
all exposed sides (except at entrance to
opening), with the passage through the
railing either provided with a swinging
gate or so offset that a person cannot
walk directly into the opening.
(3) Every hatchway and chute floor
opening shall be guarded by one of the
following:
(i) Hinged floor opening cover of
standard strength and construction
equipped with standard railings or permanently attached thereto so as to
leave only one exposed side. When the

§ 1910.23

opening is not in use, the cover shall be
closed or the exposed side shall be
guarded at both top and intermediate
positions by removable standard railings.
(ii)
A
removable
railing
with
toeboard on not more than two sides of
the opening and fixed standard railings
with toeboards on all other exposed
sides. The removable railings shall be
kept in place when the opening is not
in use.
Where operating conditions necessitate
the feeding of material into any hatchway or chute opening, protection shall
be provided to prevent a person from
falling through the opening.
(4) Every skylight floor opening and
hole shall be guarded by a standard
skylight screen or a fixed standard
railing on all exposed sides.
(5) Every pit and trapdoor floor opening, infrequently used, shall be guarded
by a floor opening cover of standard
strength and construction. While the
cover is not in place, the pit or trap
opening shall be constantly attended
by someone or shall be protected on all
exposed sides by removable standard
railings.
(6) Every manhole floor opening shall
be guarded by a standard manhole
cover which need not be hinged in
place. While the cover is not in place,
the manhole opening shall be constantly attended by someone or shall
be protected by removable standard
railings.
(7) Every temporary floor opening
shall have standard railings, or shall be
constantly attended by someone.
(8) Every floor hole into which persons can accidentally walk shall be
guarded by either:
(i) A standard railing with standard
toeboard on all exposed sides, or
(ii) A floor hole cover of standard
strength and construction. While the
cover is not in place, the floor hole
shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by a removable standard railing.
(9) Every floor hole into which persons cannot accidentally walk (on account of fixed machinery, equipment,
or walls) shall be protected by a cover
that leaves no openings more than 1
inch wide. The cover shall be securely

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