29 Cfr 1910.147

§ 1910.147

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–02 Edition)

service should perform a critique of the practice rescue, or have another qualified party
perform the critique, so that deficiencies in
procedures, equipment, training, or number
of personnel can be identified and corrected.
The results of the critique, and the corrections made to respond to the deficiencies
identified, should be given to the employer
to enable it to determine whether the rescue
service can quickly be upgraded to meet the
employer’s rescue needs or whether another
service must be selected. The following questions will assist employers and rescue teams
and services evaluate their performance.
1. Have all members of the service been
trained as permit space entrants, at a minimum, including training in the potential
hazards of all permit spaces, or of representative permit spaces, from which rescue may
be needed? Can team members recognize the
signs, symptoms, and consequences of exposure to any hazardous atmospheres that may
be present in those permit spaces?
2. Is every team member provided with,
and properly trained in, the use and need for
PPE, such as SCBA or fall arrest equipment,
which may be required to perform permit
space rescues in the facility? Is every team
member properly trained to perform his or
her functions and make rescues, and to use
any rescue equipment, such as ropes and
backboards, that may be needed in a rescue
attempt?
3. Are team members trained in the first
aid and medical skills needed to treat victims overcome or injured by the types of
hazards that may be encountered in the permit spaces at the facility?
4. Do all team members perform their functions safely and efficiently? Do rescue service personnel focus on their own safety before considering the safety of the victim?
5. If necessary, can the rescue service properly test the atmosphere to determine if it is
IDLH?
6. Can the rescue personnel identify information pertinent to the rescue from entry
permits, hot work permits, and MSDSs?
7. Has the rescue service been informed of
any hazards to personnel that may arise
from outside the space, such as those that
may be caused by future work near the
space?
8. If necessary, can the rescue service properly package and retrieve victims from a
permit space that has a limited size opening
(less than 24 inches (60.9 cm) in diameter),
limited internal space, or internal obstacles
or hazards?
9. If necessary, can the rescue service safely perform an elevated (high angle) rescue?
10. Does the rescue service have a plan for
each of the kinds of permit space rescue operations at the facility? Is the plan adequate
for all types of rescue operations that may
be needed at the facility? Teams may practice in representative spaces, or in spaces

that are ‘‘worst-case’’ or most restrictive
with respect to internal configuration, elevation, and portal size. The following characteristics of a practice space should be considered when deciding whether a space is truly
representative of an actual permit space:
(1) Internal configuration.
(a) Open—there are no obstacles, barriers,
or obstructions within the space. One example is a water tank.
(b) Obstructed—the permit space contains
some type of obstruction that a rescuer
would need to maneuver around. An example
would be a baffle or mixing blade. Large
equipment, such as a ladder or scaffold,
brought into a space for work purposes
would be considered an obstruction if the positioning or size of the equipment would
make rescue more difficult.
(2) Elevation.
(a) Elevated—a permit space where the entrance portal or opening is above grade by 4
feet or more. This type of space usually requires knowledge of high angle rescue procedures because of the difficulty in packaging
and transporting a patient to the ground
from the portal.
(b) Non-elevated—a permit space with the
entrance portal located less than 4 feet above
grade. This type of space will allow the rescue team to transport an injured employee
normally.
(3) Portal size.
(a) Restricted—A portal of 24 inches or less
in the least dimension. Portals of this size
are too small to allow a rescuer to simply
enter the space while using SCBA. The portal size is also too small to allow normal spinal immobilization of an injured employee.
(b) Unrestricted—A portal of greater than
24 inches in the least dimension. These portals allow relatively free movement into and
out of the permit space.
(4) Space access.
(a) Horizontal—The portal is located on
the side of the permit space. Use of retrieval
lines could be difficult.
(b) Vertical—The portal is located on the
top of the permit space, so that rescuers
must climb down, or the bottom of the permit space, so that rescuers must climb up to
enter the space. Vertical portals may require
knowledge of rope techniques, or special patient packaging to safely retrieve a downed
entrant.
[58 FR 4549, Jan. 14, 1993; 58 FR 34845, 34846,
June 29, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 26114, May
19, 1994; 63 FR 66038, 66039, Dec. 1, 1998]

§ 1910.147 The control of hazardous
energy (lockout/tagout).
(a) Scope, application and purpose—(1)
Scope. (i) This standard covers the servicing and maintenance of machines and
equipment in which the unexpected

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
energization or start up of the machines or equipment, or release of
stored energy could cause injury to employees. This standard establishes minimum performance requirements for
the control of such hazardous energy.
(ii) This standard does not cover the
following:
(A) Construction, agriculture and
maritime employment;
(B) Installations under the exclusive
control of electric utilities for the purpose of power generation, transmission
and distribution, including related
equipment for communication or metering; and
(C) Exposure to electrical hazards
from work on, near, or with conductors
or equipment in electric utilization installations, which is covered by subpart S of this part; and
(D) Oil and gas well drilling and servicing.
(2) Application. (i) This standard applies to the control of energy during
servicing and/or maintenance of machines and equipment.
(ii) Normal production operations are
not covered by this standard (See subpart 0 of this part). Servicing and/or
maintenance which takes place during
normal production operations is covered by this standard only if;:
(A) An employee is required to remove or bypass a guard or other safety
device; or
(B) An employee is required to place
any part of his or her body into an area
on a machine or piece of equipment
where work is actually performed upon
the material being processed (point of
operation) or where an associated danger zone exists during a machine operating cycle.
NOTE: Exception to paragraph (a)(2)(ii):
Minor tool changes and adjustments, and
other minor servicing activities, which take
place during normal production operations,
are not covered by this standard if they are
routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of
the equipment for production, provided that
the work is performed using alternative
measures which provide effective protection
(See subpart 0 of this part).

(iii) This standard does not apply to
the following.
(A) Work on cord and plug connected
electric equipment for which exposure
to
the
hazards
of
unexpected
energization or start up of the equip-

§ 1910.147

ment is controlled by the unplugging of
the equipment from the energy source
and by the plug being under the exclusive control of the employee performing the servicing or maintenance.
(B) Hot tap operations involving
transmission and distribution systems
for substances such as gas, steam,
water or petroleum products when they
are performed on pressurized pipelines,
provided that the employer demonstrates that (1) continuity of service
is essential; (2) shutdown of the system
is impractical; and (3) documented procedures are followed, and special equipment is used which will provide proven
effective protection for employees.
(3) Purpose. (i) This section requires
employers to establish a program and
utilize procedures for affixing appropriate lockout devices or tagout devices to energy isolating devices, and
to otherwise disable machines or equipment
to
prevent
unexpected
energization, start-up or release of
stored energy in order to prevent injury to employees.
(ii) When other standards in this part
require the use of lockout or tagout,
they shall be used and supplemented by
the procedural and training requirements of this section.
(b) Definitions applicable to this section.
Affected employee. An employee whose
job requires him/her to operate or use a
machine or equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout or tagout, or
whose job requires him/her to work in
an area in which such servicing or
maintenance is being performed.
Authorized employee. A person who
locks out or tags out machines or
equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance on that machine
or equipment. An affected employee becomes an authorized employee when
that employee’s duties include performing servicing or maintenance covered under this section.
Capable of being locked out. An energy
isolating device is capable of being
locked out if it has a hasp or other
means of attachment to which, or
through which, a lock can be affixed, or
it has a locking mechanism built into
it. Other energy isolating devices are
capable of being locked out, if lockout

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§ 1910.147

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–02 Edition)

can be achieved without the need to
dismantle, rebuild, or replace the energy isolating device or permanently
alter its energy control capability.
Energized. Connected to an energy
source or containing residual or stored
energy.
Energy isolating device. A mechanical
device that physically prevents the
transmission or release of energy, including but not limited to the following: A manually operated electrical
circuit breaker; a disconnect switch; a
manually operated switch by which the
conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from all ungrounded supply conductors, and, in addition, no pole can
be operated independently; a line
valve; a block; and any similar device
used to block or isolate energy. Push
buttons, selector switches and other
control circuit type devices are not energy isolating devices.
Energy source. Any source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or other energy.
Hot tap. A procedure used in the repair, maintenance and services activities which involves welding on a piece
of equipment (pipelines, vessels or
tanks) under pressure, in order to install connections or appurtenances. It
is commonly used to replace or add
sections of pipeline without the interruption of service for air, gas, water,
steam, and petrochemical distribution
systems.
Lockout. The placement of a lockout
device on an energy isolating device, in
accordance with an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlled cannot be operated until the
lockout device is removed.
Lockout device. A device that utilizes
a positive means such as a lock, either
key or combination type, to hold an
energy isolating device in a safe position and prevent the energizing of a
machine or equipment. Included are
blank flanges and bolted slip blinds.
Normal production operations. The utilization of a machine or equipment to
perform its intended production function.
Servicing and/or maintenance. Workplace activities such as constructing,
installing, setting up, adjusting, in-

specting, modifying, and maintaining
and/or servicing machines or equipment. These activities include lubrication, cleaning or unjamming of machines or equipment and making adjustments or tool changes, where the
employee may be exposed to the unexpected energization or startup of the
equipment or release of hazardous energy.
Setting up. Any work performed to
prepare a machine or equipment to perform its normal production operation.
Tagout. The placement of a tagout
device on an energy isolating device, in
accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlled may not be operated until
the tagout device is removed.
Tagout device. A prominent warning
device, such as a tag and a means of attachment, which can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in
accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlled may not be operated until
the tagout device is removed.
(c) General—(1) Energy control program. The employer shall establish a
program consisting of energy control
procedures, employee training and
periodic inspections to ensure that before any employee performs any servicing or maintenance on a machine or
equipment where the unexpected energizing, start up or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the
machine or equipment shall be isolated
from the energy source, and rendered
inoperative.
(2) Lockout/tagout. (i) If an energy isolating device is not capable of being
locked out, the employer’s energy control program under paragraph (c)(1) of
this section shall utilize a tagout system.
(ii) If an energy isolating device is
capable of being locked out, the employer’s energy control program under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall
utilize lockout, unless the employer
can demonstrate that the utilization of
a tagout system will provide full employee protection as set forth in paragraph (c)(3) of this section.

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(iii) After January 2, 1990, whenever
replacement or major repair, renovation or modification of a machine or
equipment is performed, and whenever
new machines or equipment are installed, energy isolating devices for
such machine or equipment shall be designed to accept a lockout device.
(3) Full employee protection. (i) When a
tagout device is used on an energy isolating device which is capable of being
locked out, the tagout device shall be
attached at the same location that the
lockout device would have been attached, and the employer shall demonstrate that the tagout program will
provide a level of safety equivalent to
that obtained by using a lockout program.
(ii) In demonstrating that a level of
safety is achieved in the tagout program which is equivalent to the level
of safety obtained by using a lockout
program, the employer shall demonstrate full compliance with all
tagout-related provisions of this standard together with such additional elements as are necessary to provide the
equivalent safety available from the
use of a lockout device. Additional
means to be considered as part of the
demonstration of full employee protection shall include the implementation
of additional safety measures such as
the removal of an isolating circuit element, blocking of a controlling switch,
opening of an extra disconnecting device, or the removal of a valve handle
to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent
energization.
(4) Energy control procedure. (i) Procedures shall be developed, documented
and utilized for the control of potentially hazardous energy when employees are engaged in the activities covered by this section.
NOTE: Exception: The employer need not
document the required procedure for a particular machine or equipment, when all of
the following elements exist: (1) The machine or equipment has no potential for
stored or residual energy or reaccumulation
of stored energy after shut down which could
endanger employees; (2) the machine or
equipment has a single energy source which
can be readily identified and isolated; (3) the
isolation and locking out of that energy
source will completely deenergize and deactivate the machine or equipment; (4) the
machine or equipment is isolated from that
energy source and locked out during serv-

§ 1910.147

icing or maintenance; (5) a single lockout device will achieve a locked-out condition; (6)
the lockout device is under the exclusive
control of the authorized employee performing the servicing or maintenance; (7)
the servicing or maintenance does not create
hazards for other employees; and (8) the employer, in utilizing this exception, has had
no accidents involving the unexpected activation or reenergization of the machine or
equipment during servicing or maintenance.

(ii) The procedures shall clearly and
specifically outline the scope, purpose,
authorization, rules, and techniques to
be utilized for the control of hazardous
energy, and the means to enforce compliance including, but not limited to,
the following:
(A) A specific statement of the intended use of the procedure;
(B) Specific procedural steps for
shutting down, isolating, blocking and
securing machines or equipment to
control hazardous energy;
(C) Specific procedural steps for the
placement, removal and transfer of
lockout devices or tagout devices and
the responsibility for them; and
(D) Specific requirements for testing
a machine or equipment to determine
and verify the effectiveness of lockout
devices, tagout devices, and other energy control measures.
(5) Protective materials and hardware.
(i) Locks, tags, chains, wedges, key
blocks, adapter pins, self-locking fasteners, or other hardware shall be provided by the employer for isolating, securing or blocking of machines or
equipment from energy sources.
(ii) Lockout devices and tagout devices shall be singularly identified;
shall be the only devices(s) used for
controlling energy; shall not be used
for other purposes; and shall meet the
following requirements:
(A) Durable. (1) Lockout and tagout
devices shall be capable of withstanding the environment to which
they are exposed for the maximum period of time that exposure is expected.
(2) Tagout devices shall be constructed and printed so that exposure
to weather conditions or wet and damp
locations will not cause the tag to deteriorate or the message on the tag to
become illegible.
(3) Tags shall not deteriorate when
used in corrosive environments such as
areas where acid and alkali chemicals
are handled and stored.

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§ 1910.147

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–02 Edition)

(B) Standardized. Lockout and tagout
devices shall be standardized within
the facility in at least one of the following criteria: Color; shape; or size;
and additionally, in the case of tagout
devices, print and format shall be
standardized.
(C) Substantial—(1) Lockout devices.
Lockout devices shall be substantial
enough to prevent removal without the
use of excessive force or unusual techniques, such as with the use of bolt
cutters or other metal cutting tools.
(2) Tagout devices. Tagout devices, including and their means of attachment,
shall be substantial enough to prevent
inadvertent or accidental removal.
Tagout device attachment means shall
be of a non-reusable type, attachable
by hand, self-locking, and non-releasable with a minimum unlocking
strength of no less than 50 pounds and
having the general design and basic
characteristics of being at least equivalent to a one-piece, all-environmenttolerant nylon cable tie.
(D) Identifiable. Lockout devices and
tagout devices shall indicate the identity of the employee applying the device(s).
(iii) Tagout devices shall warn
against hazardous conditions if the machine or equipment is energized and
shall include a legend such as the following: Do Not Start, Do Not Open, Do
Not Close, Do Not Energize, Do Not Operate.
(6) Periodic inspection. (i) The employer shall conduct a periodic inspection of the energy control procedure at
least annually to ensure that the procedure and the requirements of this
standard are being followed.
(A) The periodic inspection shall be
perfomed by an authorized employee
other than the ones(s) utilizing the energy control procedure being inspected.
(B) The periodic inspection shall be
conducted to correct any deviations or
inadequacies identified.
(C) Where lockout is used for energy
control, the periodic inspection shall
include a review, between the inspector
and each authorized employee, of that
employee’s responsibilities under the
energy control procedure being inspected.
(D) Where tagout is used for energy
control, the periodic inspection shall

include a review, between the inspector
and each authorized and affected employee, of that employee’s responsibilities under the energy control procedure being inspected, and the elements
set forth in paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of this
section.
(ii) The employer shall certify that
the periodic inspections have been performed. The certification shall identify
the machine or equipment on which
the energy control procedure was being
utilized, the date of the inspection, the
employees included in the inspection,
and the person performing the inspection.
(7) Training and communication. (i)
The employer shall provide training to
ensure that the purpose and function of
the energy control program are understood by employees and that the
knowledge and skills required for the
safe application, usage, and removal of
the energy controls are acquired by
employees. The training shall include
the following:
(A) Each authorized employee shall
receive training in the recognition of
applicable hazardous energy sources,
the type and magnitude of the energy
available in the workplace, and the
methods and means necessary for energy isolation and control.
(B) Each affected employee shall be
instructed in the purpose and use of
the energy control procedure.
(C) All other employees whose work
operations are or may be in an area
where energy control procedures may
be utilized, shall be instructed about
the procedure, and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart or
reenergize machines or equipment
which are locked out or tagged out.
(ii) When tagout systems are used,
employees shall also be trained in the
following limitations of tags:
(A) Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to energy isolating devices, and do not provide the physical
restraint on those devices that is provided by a lock.
(B) When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without authorization of the authorized person responsible for it, and
it is never to be bypassed, ignored, or
otherwise defeated.

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(C) Tags must be legible and understandable by all authorized employees,
affected employees, and all other employees whose work operations are or
may be in the area, in order to be effective.
(D) Tags and their means of attachment must be made of materials which
will withstand the environmental conditions encountered in the workplace.
(E) Tags may evoke a false sense of
security, and their meaning needs to be
understood as part of the overall energy control program.
(F) Tags must be securely attached
to energy isolating devices so that they
cannot be inadvertently or accidentally detached during use.
(iii) Employee retraining.
(A) Retraining shall be provided for
all authorized and affected employees
whenever there is a change in their job
assignments, a change in machines,
equipment or processes that present a
new hazard, or when there is a change
in the energy control procedures.
(B) Additional retraining shall also
be conducted whenever a periodic inspection under paragraph (c)(6) of this
section reveals, or whenever the employer has reason to believe, that there
are deviations from or inadequacies in
the employee’s knowledge or use of the
energy control procedures.
(C) The retraining shall reestablish
employee proficiency and introduce
new or revised control methods and
procedures, as necessary.
(iv) The employer shall certify that
employee training has been accomplished and is being kept up to date.
The certification shall contain each
employee’s name and dates of training.
(8) Energy isolation. Lockout or
tagout shall be performed only bythe
authorized employees who are performing the servicing or maintenance.
(9) Notification of employees. Affected
employees shall be notified by the employer or authorized employee of the
application and removal of lockout devices or tagout devices. Notification
shall be given before the controls are
applied, and after they are removed
from the machine or equipment.
(d) Application of control. The established procedures for the application of
energy control (the lockout or tagout
procedures) shall cover the following

§ 1910.147

elements and actions and shall be done
in the following sequence:
(1) Preparation for shutdown. Before
an authorized or affected employee
turns off a machine or equipment, the
authorized employee shall have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the
energy, the hazards of the energy to be
controlled, and the method or means to
control the energy.
(2) Machine or equipment shutdown.
The machine or equipment shall be
turned off or shut down using the procedures established for the machine or
equipment. An orderly shutdown must
be utilized to avoid any additional or
increased hazard(s) to employees as a
result of the equipment stoppage.
(3) Machine or equipment isolation. All
energy isolating devices that are needed to control the energy to the machine or equipment shall be physically
located and operated in such a manner
as to isolate the machine or equipment
from the energy source(s).
(4) Lockout or tagout device application. (i) Lockout or tagout devices shall
be affixed to each energy isolating device by authorized employees.
(ii) Lockout devices, where used,
shall be affixed in a manner to that
will hold the energy isolating devices
in a ‘‘safe’’ or ‘‘off’’ position.
(iii) Tagout devices, where used, shall
be affixed in such a manner as will
clearly indicate that the operation or
movement of energy isolating devices
from the ‘‘safe’’ or ‘‘off’’ position is
prohibited.
(A) Where tagout devices are used
with energy isolating devices designed
with the capability of being locked, the
tag attachment shall be fastened at the
same point at which the lock would
have been attached.
(B) Where a tag cannot be affixed directly to the energy isolating device,
the tag shall be located as close as
safely possible to the device, in a position that will be immediately obvious
to anyone attempting to operate the
device.
(5) Stored energy. (i) Following the application of lockout or tagout devices
to energy isolating devices, all potentially hazardous stored or residual energy shall be relieved, disconnected, restrained, and otherwise rendered safe.

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§ 1910.147

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–02 Edition)

(ii) If there is a possibility of reaccumulation of stored energy to a
hazardous level, verification of isolation shall be continued until the servicing or maintenance is completed, or
until the possibility of such accumulation no longer exists.
(6) Verification of isolation. Prior to
starting work on machines or equipment that have been locked out or
tagged out, the authorized employee
shall
verify
that
isolation
and
deenergization of the machine or
equipment have been accomplished.
(e) Release from lockout or tagout. Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and energy is restored to the
machine or equipment, procedures
shall be followed and actions taken by
the authorized employee(s) to ensure
the following:
(1) The machine or equipment. The
work area shall be inspected to ensure
that nonessential items have been removed and to ensure that machine or
equipment components are operationally intact.
(2) Employees. (i) The work area shall
be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed.
(ii) After lockout or tagout devices
have been removed and before a machine or equipment is started, affected
employees shall be notified that the
lockout or tagout device(s) have been
removed.
(3) Lockout or tagout devices removal.
Each lockout or tagout device shall be
removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who applied the
device. Exception to paragraph (e)(3):
When the authorized employee who applied the lockout or tagout device is
not available to remove it, that device
may be removed under the direction of
the employer, provided that specific
procedures and training for such removal have been developed, documented and incorporated into the employer’s energy control program. The
employer shall demonstrate that the
specific procedure provides equivalent
safety to the removal of the device by
the authorized employee who applied
it. The specific procedure shall include
at least the following elements:

(i) Verfication by the employer that
the authorized employee who applied
the device is not at the facility;
(ii) Making all reasonable efforts to
contact the authorized employee to inform him/her that his/her lockout or
tagout device has been removed; and
(iii) Ensuring that the authorized
employee has this knowledge before he/
she resumes work at that facility.
(f) Additional requirements—(1) Testing
or positioning of machines, equipment or
components thereof. In situations in
which lockout or tagout devices must
be temporarily removed from the energy isolating device and the machine
or equipment energized to test or position the machine, equipment or component thereof, the following sequence of
actions shall be followed:
(i) Clear the machine or equipment of
tools and materials in accordance with
paragraph (e)(1) of this section;
(ii) Remove employees from the machine or equipment area in accordance
with paragraph (e)(2) of this section;
(iii) Remove the lockout or tagout
devices as specified in paragraph (e)(3)
of this section;
(iv) Energize and proceed with testing or positioning;
(v) Deenergize all systems and reapply energy control measures in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section to continue the servicing and/or
maintenance.
(2) Outside personnel (contractors, etc.).
(i) Whenever outside servicing personnel are to be engaged in activities
covered by the scope and application of
this standard, the on-site employer and
the outside employer shall inform each
other of their respective lockout or
tagout procedures.
(ii) The on-site employer shall ensure
that his/her employees understand and
comply with the restrictions and prohibitions of the outside employer’s energy control program.
(3) Group lockout or tagout. (i) When
servicing and/or maintenance is performed by a crew, craft, department or
other group, they shall utilize a procedure which affords the employees a
level of protection equivalent to that
provided by the implementation of a
personal lockout or tagout device.
(ii) Group lockout or tagout devices
shall be used in accordance with the

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
procedures required by paragraph (c)(4)
of this section including, but not necessarily limited to, the following specific requirements:
(A) Primary responsibility is vested
in an authorized employee for a set
number of employees working under
the protection of a group lockout or
tagout device (such as an operations
lock);
(B) Provision for the authorized employee to ascertain the exposure status
of individual group members with regard to the lockout or tagout of the
machine or equipment and
(C) When more than one crew, craft,
department, etc. is involved, assignment of overall job-associated lockout
or tagout control responsibility to an
authorized employee designated to coordinate affected work forces and ensure continuity of protection; and
(D) Each authorized employee shall
affix a personal lockout or tagout device to the group lockout device, group
lockbox, or comparable mechanism
when he or she begins work, and shall
remove those devices when he or she
stops working on the machine or equipment being serviced or maintained.
(4) Shift or personnel changes. Specific
procedures shall be utilized during
shift or personnel changes to ensure
the continuity of lockout or tagout
protection, including provision for the
orderly transfer of lockout or tagout
device protection between off-going
and oncoming employees, to minimize
exposure to hazards from the unexpected energization or start-up of the
machine or equipment, or the release
of stored energy.
NOTE: The following appendix to § 1910.147
services as a non-mandatory guideline to assist employers and employees in complying
with the requirements of this section, as well
as to provide other helpful information.
Nothing in the appendix adds to or detracts
from any of the requirements of this section.
APPENDIX A TO § 1910.147—TYPICAL MINIMAL
LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
General
The following simple lockout procedure is
provided to assist employers in developing
their procedures so they meet the requirements of this standard. When the energy isolating devices are not lockable, tagout may
be used, provided the employer complies
with the provisions of the standard which re-

§ 1910.147

quire additional training and more rigorous
periodic inspections. When tagout is used
and the energy isolating devices are lockable, the employer must provide full employee protection (see paragraph (c)(3)) and
additional training and more rigorous periodic inspections are required. For more complex systems, more comprehensive procedures may need to be developed, documented
and utilized.
Lockout Procedure
Lockout procedure for
llllllllllllllllllllllll
(Name of Company for single procedure or
identification of equipment if multiple procedures are used)
Purpose
This procedure establishes the minimum
requirements for the lockout of energy isolating devices whenever maintenance or
servicing is done on machines or equipment.
It shall be used to ensure that the machine
or equipment is stopped, isolated from all
potentially hazardous energy sources and
locked out before employees perform any
servicing or maintenance where the unexpected energization or start-up of the machine or equipment or release of stored energy could cause injury.
Compliance With This Program
All employees are required to comply with
the restrictions and limitations imposed
upon them during the use of lockout. The authorized employees are required to perform
the lockout in accordance with this procedure. All employees, upon observing a machine or piece of equipment which is locked
out to perform servicing or maintenance
shall not attempt to start, energize or use
that machine or equipment.
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Type of compliance enforcement to be taken
for violation of the above.
Sequence of Lockout
(1) Notify all affected employees that servicing or maintenance is required on a machine or equipment and that the machine or
equipment must be shut down and locked out
to perform the servicing or maintenance.
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Name(s)/Job Title(s) of affected employees
and how to notify.
(2) The authorized employee shall refer to
the company procedure to identify the type
and magnitude of the energy that the machine or equipment utilizes, shall understand
the hazards of the energy, and shall know
the methods to control the energy.
llllllllllllllllllllllll

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§ 1910.151

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–02 Edition)

Type(s) and magnitude(s) of energy, its hazards and the methods to control the energy.
(3) If the machine or equipment is operating, shut it down by the normal stopping
procedure (depress stop button, open switch,
close valve, etc.).
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Type(s) and location(s) of machine or equipment operating controls.
(4) De-activate the energy isolating device(s) so that the machine or equipment is
isolated from the energy source(s).
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Type(s) and location(s) of energy isolating
devices.
(5) Lock out the energy isolating device(s)
with assigned individual lock(s).
(6) Stored or residual energy (such as that
in capacitors, springs, elevated machine
members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and air, gas, steam, or water pressure,
etc.) must be dissipated or restrained by
methods such as grounding, repositioning,
blocking, bleeding down, etc.
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Type(s) of stored energy—methods to dissipate or restrain.
(7) Ensure that the equipment is disconnected from the energy source(s) by first
checking that no personnel are exposed, then
verify the isolation of the equipment by operating the push button or other normal operating control(s) or by testing to make certain the equipment will not operate.
CAUTION: Return operating control(s) to
neutral or ‘‘off’’ position after verifying the
isolation of the equipment.
llllllllllllllllllllllll
Method of verifying the isolation of the
equipment.
(8) The machine or equipment is now
locked out.
Restoring Equipment to Service. When the
servicing or maintenance is completed and
the machine or equipment is ready to return
to normal operating condition, the following
steps shall be taken.
(1) Check the machine or equipment and
the immediate area around the machine or
equipment to ensure that nonessential items
have been removed and that the machine or
equipment components are operationally intact.
(2) Check the work area to ensure that all
employees have been safely positioned or removed from the area.
(3) Verify that the controls are in neutral.
(4) Remove the lockout devices and reenergize the machine or equipment.
NOTE: The removal of some forms of blocking may require reenergization of the machine before safe removal.

(5) Notify affected employees that the servicing or maintenance is completed and the
machine or equipment is ready for use.
[54 FR 36687, Sept. 1, 1989, as amended at 54
FR 42498, Oct. 17, 1989; 55 FR 38685, 38686,
Sept. 20, 1990]

Subpart K—Medical and First Aid
AUTHORITY: Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29
U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor’s
Order No. 12–71 (36 FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR
25059), 9–83 (48 FR 35736), or 6–96 (62 FR 111),
as applicable, 29 CFR part 1911.

§ 1910.151 Medical services and first
aid.
(a) The employer shall ensure the
ready availability of medical personnel
for advice and consultation on matters
of plant health.
(b) In the absence of an infirmary,
clinic, or hospital in near proximity to
the workplace which is used for the
treatment of all injured employees, a
person or persons shall be adequately
trained to render first aid. Adequate
first aid supplies shall be readily available.
(c) Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for
quick drenching or flushing of the eyes
and body shall be provided within the
work area for immediate emergency
use.
APPENDIX A TO § 1910.151—FIRST AID KITS
(NON-MANDATORY)
First aid supplies are required to be readily
available under paragraph § 1910.151(b). An
example of the minimal contents of a generic
first aid kit is described in American National Standard (ANSI) Z308.1–1978 ‘‘Minimum Requirements for Industrial Unit-Type
First-aid Kits.’’ The contents of the kit listed in the ANSI standard should be adequate
for small worksites. When larger operations
or multiple operations are being conducted
at the same location, employers should determine the need for additional first aid kits
at the worksite, additional types of first aid
equipment and supplies and additional quantities and types of supplies and equipment in
the first aid kits.
In a similar fashion, employers who have
unique or changing first-aid needs in their
workplace may need to enhance their firstaid kits. The employer can use the OSHA 200
log, OSHA 101’s or other reports to identify
these unique problems. Consultation from

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