Example 2007 regional P-ASEL report

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL)
Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences

Comparison of Summary Results for:

2007 Newly Certified General Aviation P-ASEL Private Pilots:
Northwest Mountain Region (ANM) Compared With National (Overall)
Results

Federal Aviation Administration
Flight Standards Service
Washington, DC
Federal Aviation Administration
Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Aerospace Human Factors Research Division
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
And
Xyant Technology, Incorporated
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Explanation of Report Content
The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Flight Standards organization and Civil Aerospace Medical Institute began
distributing a questionnaire in November 2005 to all general aviation (GA) pilots who had been certified recently for the
Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL) category and class rating. The questionnaire surveyed new P-ASEL
pilots' perceptions and opinions about both the quality of their flight training and the types of experiences they had during
their practical test for certification. The goal of this effort was to identify areas of concern so the FAA may affect
corrections in FAA policy, guidance material, and FAA-sponsored programs in order to improve the overall quality of
flight testing and certification. The information collected from survey administrations will be used by the Flight Standards
organization to help evaluate the current certification process.
The 2007 questionnaire (see Appendix A) was distributed to pilots who were certified recently for the P-ASEL category
and class rating, and who held no other pilot ratings. The FAA's Civil Aviation Registry provided weekly lists of newly
certified P-ASEL pilots who reported an address within the United States to receive their certificate. Only pilots whose
most recent practical test represented a first-time application for the P-ASEL rating are reported. Most recent practical
test is defined as all testing sessions that may have been completed with an examiner for the P-ASEL category and
class rating. This report compares the 2007 overall results (n=1,475) with the results for pilots within the FAA's
Northwest Mountain Region (ANM; n=154).
Example of Report Format and Description of Measures
Response Distribution (%)
Overall

ANM

16. To what extent was the examiner who conducted your
practical test prepared and organized to conduct the test
when you arrived?
n
m
sd

ANM
153
4.65
0.56

Overall
1,464
4.67
0.55

68.0 70.6
29.4 26.2
0.0

0.1

Not
at all (1)

0.7

0.3

Limited
extent (2)

2.0

2.9

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

Great
extent (5)

Number of Respondents (n). The number of pilots who provided a usable (i.e., valid) response for an item.
Mean (m). Means are provided for items answered on interval scales (e.g., Extent, Acceptability). Each response option
in the scale is assigned a number beginning with 1. For example, the Extent scale has 5 response options where the first
response option (Not at all) would be assigned a score of 1 and the last response option (Great extent) would be
assigned a score of 5 (see labels on graph above). The Acceptability scale has 10 response options. Although the scale
is collapsed across response options into 3 categories, the mean is derived from the original 10-point scale. The mean is
the arithmetic average, or the sum of all scores for an item divided by the number of pilots who answered that item. For
this survey, items were written so that higher means reflect more positive perceptions.
Acceptability scale
1 = Not acceptable to 10 = Extremely well done

Acceptability scale (collapsed)
1 through 3 = Low
4 through 7 = Medium (Med)
8 through 10 = High

Standard Deviation (sd). The standard deviation is a measure of dispersion, or spread, of scores around the mean.
Smaller values indicate higher levels of agreement among respondents. Standard deviations are provided for items
answered on interval scales (e.g., Extent, Acceptability). Standard deviations for the Acceptability scale are derived from
the original 10-point scale.
Response Distribution (%). Different types of response option scales were used throughout the survey including yes/no
and interval scales. Responses to items using the Acceptability scale (1 = Not acceptable to 10 = Extremely well done)
were collapsed across response options and reported as Low (options 1-3), Medium (options 4-7), and High (options 810). Item response distribution frequencies are provided in percent format to describe how pilots answered survey items.
Response distributions are provided graphically and in table format. Response distribution percentages may not sum to
100% due to rounding.
Frequency (n) and Percent (%) of Pilots. Items that asked pilots to mark all applicable responses (Mark all that apply) are
represented in a table format where the frequency (n) is the number of pilots who chose each response option. The
Percent (%) of Pilots is calculated by dividing the number of responses for each response option (Frequency (n)) by the
number of pilots who responded to the item (n) and multiplying by 100.

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
This survey was intended to capture the flight instruction and practical test experiences of pilots who were recently
certified for the P-ASEL category and class rating (as noted on item 1), and whose most recent practical test with a
Designated Pilot Examiner (as noted on item 5) represented a first-time application for the P-ASEL category and
rating. A first-time application is defined as an applicant who has never failed a practical test for the P-ASEL category
and class rating (as noted on item 38). Most recent practical test is defined as all testing sessions completed with an
examiner for the P-ASEL category and class rating. For inclusion in the final analyses, the most recent practical test had
to be a complete test or a partial test that was not discontinued for any factor relating to performance (as noted
on item 2). Pilots were excluded from the final analyses and reporting if they did not meet these requirements.
Of the pilots who responded to the 2007 pilot survey, 1,475 met the criteria listed above for inclusion in the final overall
report. This report compares the results for those pilots who met the criteria (Overall) with the results for pilots within the
FAA's Northwest Mountain Region (ANM; n=154).
Certification Information
1. Were you recently certified for the P-ASEL category and class rating?

n

ANM
154

Overall
1,475

This report includes only those pilots who were recently certified for the P-ASEL category and class rating.

Response Distribution (%)
ANM

a. How long has it been since you completed your
practical test for the P-ASEL category and class
rating?
n

ANM
145

Overall
1,419

2. Which of the following most accurately describes
your most recent practical test for the P-ASEL
category and class rating?
n

ANM
154

Overall
1,475

49.0

0.7

52.0

Overall

44.1

36.2

< 1 month

89.0

8.0

6.2

3.8
1 month to
< 2 months

2 months to
< 3 months

> 3 months

86.6

13.4

11.0

Complete test

0.0

Partial test

0.0

Re-test
(not included in report)

This report includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Complete test' or 'Partial test' on item 2.

Experiences with Pilot School/Independent Flight Instructor
61.0

3. How did you obtain your flight training?
(If both, select the one that provided you the most training
and keep it in mind when answering the remaining items in
this section.)

n

ANM
154

Pilot School

Overall
1,460

4. Did you graduate from an FAA-approved Part 141
pilot school?
n

ANM
153

Overall
1,469

78.1

18.3
0.0
Yes

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Independent Instructor

80.4

19.6

54.5

45.5

39.0

No

3.6

Don't know

Page 1

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Pilot School/Independent Flight Instructor (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
Overall

ANM

5. If you are a graduate of an FAA-approved Part
141 pilot school, how did you take your most
recent practical test for certification for the
P-ASEL certificate and rating?

71.0

83.8

29.0
16.2

n

ANM
31

Overall
328

0.0
DPE

Item includes only those pilots who either skipped item 4 or
who indicated ‘Yes' or ‘Don't know' on item 4.

0.0

0.0

Both DPE and
Final Phase Check
(not included in Final Phase Check
report)

0.0

Don't know
(not included in
report)

This report includes only those pilots who either indicated ‘No' on item 4 or who indicated ‘DPE' or ‘Both DPE and Final Phase
Check' on item 5.

6. Did you obtain a copy of the FAA Practical Test
Standards (PTS) for the certificate or rating for
which you trained?
n

ANM
154

96.1

97.8

Overall
1,468

3.9
Yes

7. When did you obtain a copy of the FAA PTS?

n

ANM
148

58.1

ANM
148

Don't know

55.0
20.3

20.3

19.7

23.5
1.8

1.4

Before or early in About half-way
training
through training

8. Did you review the PTS to obtain a complete
understanding of the requirements for your
practical test?
n

0.3

0.0

No

Overall
1,432

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 6.

2.0

After training

98.0

99.3

Overall
1,435

Latter part of
training

2.0

0.7
Yes

No

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 6.

9. Did you use the PTS to judge your performance of
the required flight maneuvers?

n

ANM
148

96.0

Overall
1,435
Yes

10. Did you use the PTS to determine the knowledge
required for your oral (ground) examination?
ANM
148

No

86.0

84.5

Overall
1,430

15.5

Yes

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 6.

11. Did your instructor(s) use the standards required
by the PTS to measure your flight training
performance?
ANM
154

Overall
1,471

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

14.0

No

91.6

89.0

5.2

n

7.3

4.1

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 6.

n

92.7

Yes

1.8
No

5.8

6.7

Don't know

Page 2

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Pilot School/Independent Flight Instructor (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
ANM

Overall

12. To what extent do you feel that your instructor(s)
prepared you adequately for the oral (ground) and
flight portions of the practical test?
Oral (Ground) Test:

n
m
sd

ANM
153
3.84
1.00

25.5

Overall
1,463
4.01
0.96

1.3

8.5

0.8

Not
at all (1)

34.6

36.0

ANM
151
4.51
0.63

Limited
extent (2)

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

38.4
0.0

n

0.8

Limited
extent (2)

Moderate
extent (3)

21.7

Yes

100.0

n

Overall
1,465

Considerable
extent (4)

18.7

7.9

No

n
m
sd

8.2

98.9

Yes

1.1

0.0

No

12.6
0.7

0.0

Don't know

86.8

Overall
1,459
8.73
1.34

Great
extent (5)

Don't know

15. On the scale below, please rate the quality of your
flight instruction.
ANM
151
8.55
1.41

33.1

4.4

3.3

0.0

ANM
153

61.8

73.1

70.4

Overall
1,460

14. During your training did your instructor(s)
emphasize the importance of effective visual
scanning/collision avoidance procedures?

1.3

0.0

Not
at all (1)

13. In preparation for your practical test, did your flight
instructor advise you that the pilot examiner would
assess runway incursion avoidance?
ANM
152

Great
extent (5)

57.0

Overall
1,447
4.56
0.62

36.9

7.2

Flight Test:

n
m
sd

30.1

19.1

85.0

14.7

0.3

Low (1-3)

Med (4-7)

High (8-10)

Response options from 1 (Not acceptable) to 10 (Extremely well done) are collapsed into three categories (Low, Med, High) for
ease in reporting response distributions. The mean ( m) and standard deviation ( sd) are derived from the original 10-point scale
(see Explanation of Report Content).

Experiences with Practical Test Examiner
16. To what extent was the examiner who conducted
your practical test prepared and organized to
conduct the test when you arrived?

n
m
sd

ANM
153
4.65
0.56

Overall
1,464
4.67
0.55

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

68.0 70.6
29.4
0.0

0.1

Not
at all (1)

0.7

0.3

Limited
extent (2)

2.0

26.2

2.9

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

Great
extent (5)

Page 3

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
ANM

Overall

17. To what extent was the oral (ground) portion of
the practical test conducted in a place that was
free of distractions?
n
m
sd

ANM
153
4.54
0.65

Overall
1,462
4.52
0.69

61.4
32.7
0.0

0.1

Not
at all (1)

1.3

1.4

Limited
extent (2)

4.6

n
m
sd

Overall
1,449
4.07
1.13

30.6

6.2

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

18. To what extent did the examiner use a prepared,
written plan in the conduct of the oral (ground)
and flight portions of the practical test?
ANM
150
4.11
1.05

Great
extent (5)

46.0
30.7
4.0

5.2

Not
at all (1)

3.3

5.7

Limited
extent (2)

16.0

61.7

46.1

30.4

12.7

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

Great
extent (5)

19. If you received a briefing from your examiner prior to the flight portion of the practical test, which of the
following areas were covered? [Mark all that apply.]
n

ANM
152

Overall
1,450

Frequency (n)*

ANM Overall
109 1,097
99
878
98
877
81
755
114 1,046
91
851
17
151
3
32

% of Pilots**

Procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the aircraft)
Procedures for an actual in-flight emergency
Method(s) used by the examiner to simulate emergencies
Repetition of maneuvers
Satisfactory performance criteria
Unsatisfactory performance criteria
I did not receive a briefing prior to the flight portion of the practical test
Don’t know

ANM Overall
71.7
75.7
65.1
60.6
64.5
60.5
53.3
52.1
75.0
72.1
59.9
58.7
11.2
10.4
2.0
2.2

20. Please indicate the subject areas that were evaluated by your examiner. [Mark all that apply.]
n

ANM
152

Overall
1,466

Frequency (n)*

ANM Overall
140 1,357
84
818
140 1,353
52
472
141 1,339
130 1,272
49
483
48
604
110 1,052
133 1,205
5
21
*Frequency

% of Pilots**

Stall/Spin Awareness
Wake Turbulence Avoidance
Positive Aircraft Control
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)
Checklist Usage
Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
Low Level Wind Shear
Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)
Collision Avoidance on the Ground (Runway Incursion Avoidance)
In-flight Collision Avoidance
Don't know

ANM Overall
92.1
92.6
55.3
55.8
92.1
92.3
34.2
32.2
92.8
91.3
85.5
86.8
32.2
32.9
31.6
41.2
72.4
71.8
87.5
82.2
3.3
1.4

(n) sums to greater than the sample size due to multiple responses [Mark all that apply.].

**The

Percent (%) of Pilots is calculated by dividing the number of responses for each response option by the number of pilots who responded
to the item (n) and multiplying by 100.

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 4

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)
21. Please indicate the events for which you utilized a checklist. [Mark all that apply.]
n

ANM
153

Overall
1,468

Frequency (n)*

ANM Overall
144 1,399
149 1,443
152 1,450
91
801
64
651
70
697
111 1,020
27
288
80
807
123 1,201
136 1,256
*Frequency

% of Pilots**

ANM Overall
94.1
95.3
97.4
98.3
99.3
98.8
59.5
54.6
41.8
44.3
45.8
47.5
72.5
69.5
17.6
19.6
52.3
55.0
80.4
81.8
88.9
85.6

Preflight inspection
Engine starting
Before takeoff check
Takeoff and climb
Cruise flight
Descent
Approach and landing
Go-around
Emergency approach and landing
After landing
Engine shutdown

(n) sums to greater than the sample size due to multiple responses [Mark all that apply.].

**The

Percent (%) of Pilots is calculated by dividing the number of responses for each response option by the number of pilots who responded
to the item (n) and multiplying by 100.

Response Distribution (%)
ANM

22. Prior to your flight, did you present any portion of
(or a copy of) the maintenance logbook for the
aircraft you used during the practical test?

n

ANM
153

Overall

87.1

86.3

13.7

Overall
1,462

Yes

12.9

No

82.5

23. Did the examiner ask you to explain the
maintenance logbook entries for the aircraft you
used during the practical test?

87.1

17.5

12.9

n

ANM
132

Overall
1,271

Yes

No

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 22.

24. Did the examiner ask any maintenance or aircraft
airworthiness questions?

n

ANM
151

96.7

94.2

Overall
1,460
Yes

25. How much time did you spend on the flight portion
of the practical test?

n

ANM
152

Overall
1,463

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

4.8

2.7
No

36.8 39.8
1.3 0.2

4.0 7.8

0.7

1.0

Don't know

36.8 36.8
15.1 11.6

5.9 3.5

< 30 min 30 min to 1hr to 1½ hrs to 2 hrs to 2½ hrs to
<1 hr
<1½ hrs
<2 hrs <2½ hrs
<3 hrs

0.0 0.4

>3 hrs

Page 5

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
ANM

26. How much time did you spend on the oral (ground)
portion of the practical test prior to the flight portion?

n

ANM
153

Overall
1,470

27. Did an actual distraction occur during a taxi,
departure, or arrival phase of the flight?

n

ANM
153

4.6

0.0 1.2

16.3

26.0

25.5 24.8

n

30.1

Yes

52.4

No

7.2 5.0

11.3

Did not detect actual
distraction

27.1

22.2

17.1

Yes

No

39.6
13.2
0.8

0.0

>3 hrs

50.7

29. If the examiner provided a distraction, to what
extent was the distraction realistic?
n
m
sd

9.4

26.4

Overall
1,047

Overall
527
3.50
0.82

19.6

8.5

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘No' or ‘Did not
detect actual distraction' on item 27.

ANM
53
3.43
0.84

19.9

62.3

61.4

30.5

ANM
105

26.8

< 30 min 30 min to 1hr to 1½ hrs to 2 hrs to 2½ hrs to
<1 hr
<1½ hrs
<2 hrs <2½ hrs
<3 hrs

Overall
1,463

28. Did the examiner provide a distraction during a
taxi, departure, or arrival phase of the flight?

13.8

Overall

Not
at all (1)

Did not detect
distraction

39.1

37.7

41.7

9.1

9.3

9.4

Limited
extent (2)

Moderate
extent (3)

Considerable
extent (4)

Great
extent (5)

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘No' or ‘Did not
detect actual distraction' on item 27 and ‘Yes' on item 28.
98.7

30. Did the examiner require a procedure that
jeopardized safety?
n

ANM
149

Overall
1,436

96.8

1.6

1.3

1.6

0.0

Yes

No

Don't know

a. If yes, please explain. (See Appendix B, Table 1, for a list of explanations.)
n

ANM
2

Overall
20

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 30.

31. Did the examiner ask you to make a “go/no-go”
decision based on available weather information?

75.3

72.4

27.6

n

ANM
152

Yes

No

32. On your most recent practical test, how many
landings to a touch down did you demonstrate?
32.7 30.8

n
m
sd

ANM
153
3.77
1.14

24.7

Overall
1,463

Overall
1,461
3.74 Landings
1.25 Landings

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

1.3 3.6

8.5 9.3

1

2

37.3 33.4
12.4 14.3

3

4

5

5.2 5.8

2.6 2.7

6

>6

Number of Landings

Page 6

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)

Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and Procedures (Event)
Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and
Procedures (Event)

Was the Event evaluated?

n

Were you asked to repeat
the Event?

% Yes

% No

% Don't
Know

n

% Yes

% No

1. Preflight Preparation
a. Certificates and Documents
b. Airworthiness Requirements
c. Weather Information
d. Cross-country Flight Planning
e. Basic VFR Weather Minimums
f. Airspace Classes
g. Special Use and Other Airspace Areas
h. Performance and Limitations
i. Weight and Balance
j. Operation of Systems
k. Minimum Equipment List
l. Aeromedical Factors

153
153
154
154
154
153
151
153
154
153
153
152

97.4
96.7
94.8
96.1
98.7
98.7
96.0
96.7
96.1
94.1
81.1
86.8

2.0
2.6
4.6
3.9
0.7
1.3
2.7
2.0
3.9
2.6
14.4
9.9

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.3
1.3
0.0
3.3
4.6
3.3

125
123
120
122
124
123
118
121
121
118
103
107

0.0
0.0
4.2
2.5
2.4
4.9
0.9
0.0
2.5
0.9
1.0
0.0

100.0
100.0
95.8
97.5
97.6
95.1
99.2
100.0
97.5
99.2
99.0
100.0

2. Preflight Procedures
a. Preflight Inspection
b. Cockpit Management
c. Engine Starting
d. Taxiing
e. Before Takeoff Check

154
153
154
154
154

86.4
87.6
93.5
96.8
96.8

8.4
5.2
3.3
1.3
2.6

5.2
7.2
3.3
2.0
0.7

105
106
115
119
119

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

153

88.9

7.2

3.9

109

0.9

99.1

154
151

93.5
87.4

2.6
7.3

3.9
5.3

114
104

0.9
1.9

99.1
98.1

154
154

95.5
94.2

2.6
4.6

2.0
1.3

114
113

0.0
0.9

100.0
99.1

152
152
151

94.7
93.4
92.1

5.3
6.6
6.6

0.0
0.0
1.3

115
114
113

1.7
5.3
1.8

98.3
94.7
98.2

154
151
152

98.7
87.4
77.6

1.3
11.3
20.4

0.0
1.3
2.0

121
104
94

8.3
6.7
0.0

91.7
93.3
100.0

153

97.4

2.6

0.0

116

8.6

91.4

3. Airport Operations
a. Radio Communications and ATC Light
Signals
b. Traffic Patterns
c. Airport, Runway and Taxiway Signs,
Markings, and Lighting
4. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds
a. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb
b. Normal and Crosswind Approach and
Landing
c. Soft-field Takeoff and Climb
d. Soft-field Approach and Landing
e. Short-field Takeoff and Maximum
Performance Climb
f. Short-field Approach and Landing
g. Forward Slip to a Landing
h. Go-Around/Rejected Landing
5. Performance Maneuver
a. Steep Turns

The 'Were you asked to repeat Event?' column includes only those pilots who indicated that an Event was evaluated ('Was the Event evaluated?').
Additionally, the number of respondents in the 'Were you asked to repeat Event?' column is lower due to nonresponse.
See Appendix B, Table 4, for a list of reasons provided by the examiner for repeat request.

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 7

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)

Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and Procedures (Event)
Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and
Procedures (Event)

Was the Event evaluated?

n

Were you asked to repeat
the Event?

% Yes

% No

% Don't
Know

n

% Yes

% No

6. Ground Reference Maneuvers
a. Rectangular Course
b. S-Turns
c. Turns Around a Point

145
145
148

55.2
71.7
78.4

41.4
28.3
21.0

3.5
0.0
0.7

60
83
95

3.3
6.0
7.4

96.7
94.0
92.6

7. Navigation
a. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
b. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
c. Diversion
d. Lost Procedures

154
153
152
150

92.9
90.9
88.2
69.3

5.2
7.2
9.9
24.7

2.0
2.0
2.0
6.0

114
112
104
83

1.8
0.0
1.0
2.4

98.3
100.0
99.0
97.6

8. Slow Flight and Stalls
a. Maneuvering During Slow Flight
b. Power-off Stalls
c. Power-on Stalls
d. Spin Awareness

154
154
154
153

97.4
98.1
98.7
81.7

2.6
1.3
1.3
15.0

0.0
0.7
0.0
3.3

118
120
120
98

4.2
5.8
5.0
0.0

95.8
94.2
95.0
100.0

154
153
152
154
154
152

96.8
89.5
84.2
98.1
98.1
88.8

1.3
3.9
8.6
2.0
2.0
6.6

2.0
6.5
7.2
0.0
0.0
4.6

119
110
102
120
120
106

0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.5
0.9

100.0
100.0
100.0
97.5
97.5
99.1

10. Emergency Operations
a. Emergency Approach and Landing
b. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
c. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

153
152
145

94.1
86.8
42.1

3.9
11.2
47.6

2.0
2.0
10.3

113
104
47

6.2
1.9
0.0

93.8
98.1
100.0

11. Night Operation
a. Night Preparation

149

47.7

46.3

6.0

55

0.0

100.0

12. Postflight Procedures
a. After Landing
b. Parking and Securing

154
153

88.3
79.7

5.8
11.8

5.8
8.5

105
92

0.0
0.0

100.0
100.0

9. Maneuvers/Procedures in Simulated
Instrument Conditions
a. Straight-and-Level Flight
b. Constant Airspeed Climbs
c. Constant Airspeed Descents
d. Turns to Headings
e. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
f. Radio Communications, Navigation
Systems/Facilities, and Radar Services

The 'Were you asked to repeat Event?' column includes only those pilots who indicated that an Event was evaluated ('Was the Event evaluated?').
Additionally, the number of respondents in the 'Were you asked to repeat Event?' column is lower due to nonresponse.
See Appendix B, Table 4, for a list of reasons provided by the examiner for repeat request.

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 8

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
Overall

ANM

33. On your most recent practical test, did you
demonstrate a crosswind takeoff?
n

ANM
154

61.5

54.6

45.5

38.5

Overall
1,466
Yes

34. If you did not demonstrate a crosswind takeoff,
did the examiner evaluate your knowledge of
crosswind takeoffs through oral testing?

No
80.8

86.4

19.2

13.6

n

ANM
66

Overall
542

Yes

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘No' on item 33.

35. On your most recent practical test, did you
demonstrate a crosswind landing?
n

ANM
154

No

66.5

59.1

40.9

33.5

Overall
1,456
Yes

36. If you did not demonstrate a crosswind landing,
did the examiner evaluate your knowledge of
crosswind landings through oral testing?

No
80.4

88.7

19.6

11.3

n

ANM
62

Overall
479

Yes

No

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘No' on item 35.

37. On your most recent practical test, did the examiner ask
you to perform any maneuver(s) or procedure(s) or to
explain any technical subject area(s) for which you had
not been adequately prepared by your instructor(s)?
n

ANM
150

89.1

88.0

12.0

Overall
1,461

10.9

Yes

No

a. If yes, please explain. (See Appendix B, Table 2, for a list of explanations.)
n

ANM
13

Overall
147

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 37.

38. Have you ever failed a practical test for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
n

ANM
154

Overall
1,475

This report includes only those pilots who indicated 'No' on item 38.

39. Have you ever been directed by an examiner to
seek further instruction and return at a later date
to complete the practical test for the P-ASEL
category and class rating?
n

ANM
154

Overall
1,462

98.2

98.1

2.0

1.8
Yes

No

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 9

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Experiences with Practical Test Examiner (continued)
Response Distribution (%)
Overall

ANM

a. If yes, did you receive a disapproval notice
("pink" slip) or were you notified electronically?

66.7
54.2

45.8
33.3

n

ANM
3

Overall
24
Yes

No

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 39.

b. If you did not receive a disapproval notice ("pink" slip)
or electronic notification, please explain.
(See Appendix B, Table 3, for a list of explanations.)

n

ANM
0

Overall
9

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 39 and ‘No' on item 39a.

40. On your most recent practical test, did you perform any
maneuver that failed to conform to the requirements of
the Private Pilot Practical Test Standards?

85.0

10.1

8.5

n

ANM
153

Overall
1,468

a. If yes, was the error noted by the examiner?

n

ANM
13

84.2

6.5

Yes

No

92.3

Don't know

94.6

Overall
148
Yes

7.7

2.0

0.0

Item includes only those pilots who indicated ‘Yes' on item 40.

5.7

No

3.4

Don't know

71.2

41. What was the fee you paid for your initial Private Pilot
Practical Test for your ASEL category and class rating?

55.1
25.6

n

ANM
153

Overall
1,461

13.7

3.8

2.0

$150 or less

13.1

$151 to $250

$251 to $350

15.5

$351 or more

Demographic Information
42. Are you:

n

90.8

90.1

ANM
152

Overall
1,468

9.9

Male

9.2
Female

43. How old are you?

n

ANM
154

Overall
1,475

19.5 21.7

21.4 20.2

25.3 24.3

23.4 23.5
7.8

25 or under

26 to 35

36 to 45

46 to 55

8.7

56 to 65

2.6

1.6

66 or older

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 10

2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Demographic Information
FAA Geographic Region
n

ANM
154

Overall
1,475

Frequency (n)

ANM Overall
0
8
0
107
0
298
0
259
154
154
0
257
0
171
0
221

% of Pilots**

Alaskan (AAL)
Central (ACE)
Eastern (AEA) Note: ANE consolidated with AEA in 2006
Great Lakes (AGL)
Northwest Mountain (ANM)
Southern (ASO)
Southwest (ASW)
Western-Pacific (AWP)

ANM Overall
0.0
0.5
0.0
7.3
0.0
20.2
0.0
17.6
100.0
10.4
0.0
17.4
0.0
11.6
0.0
15.0

**The

Percent (%) of Pilots is calculated by dividing the number of pilots in each region by the number of pilots who responded
to the survey for each year (n) and multiplying by 100.

Response distribution percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

Page 11

Appendix A
2007 Private Pilot ASEL:
Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
This questionnaire is being administered to all General Aviation pilots who have been certified recently for the Private
Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL) category and class rating. You have received this survey as a result of your
recent ASEL certification.
1. Were you recently certified for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
YES
NO (if no, please stop here and return the survey in the envelope provided)

If yes, how long has it been since you completed your practical test for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
Less than 1 month

2.

1 month to less than
2 months

2 months to less
than 3 months

More than 3 months

Which of the following most accurately describes your most recent practical test for the P-ASEL category and class
rating? Your most recent practical test refers to all testing sessions that you may have completed with an examiner
for your P-ASEL category and class rating.
A complete test (not interrupted)
A partial test (continuance due to an interruption by weather, maintenance, illness, or other nonperformance-related factor)
A re-test

Instructions: The items in this section ask about your experiences with your pilot school or independent flight instructor.
3.

How did you obtain your flight training? (If both, select the one that provided you the most training and keep it in mind
when answering the remaining items in this section.)
Pilot school
Independent flight instructor

4.

Did you graduate from an FAA-approved Part 141 pilot school?
Yes

5.

No (if no, skip to item 6)

Don’t know

If you are a graduate of an FAA-approved Part 141 pilot school, how did you take your most recent practical test for
certification for the P-ASEL certificate and rating?
Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE)
Final phase check by a Part 141 pilot school employee (NOT by a DPE)
Both DPE and final phase check
Don’t know

6.

Did you obtain a copy of the FAA Practical Test Standards (PTS) for the certificate or rating for which you trained?
Yes

7.

No (if no, skip to item 11)

When did you obtain a copy of the FAA PTS?
Before or early in
training

8.

About half-way
through training

Latter part of
training

After training

Did you review the PTS to obtain a complete understanding of the requirements for your practical test?
Yes

9.

Don’t know

No

Did you use the PTS to judge your performance of the required flight maneuvers?
Yes

No

10. Did you use the PTS to determine the knowledge required for your oral (ground) examination?
Yes

No

11. Did your instructor(s) use the standards required by the PTS to measure your flight training performance?
Yes

No

Don’t know
A1

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
12.

To what extent do you feel that your instructor(s) prepared you adequately for the oral (ground) and flight portions of
the practical test?
Oral (Ground) Test
Not at all

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

Flight Test
Not at all

13. In preparation for your practical test, did your flight instructor advise you that the pilot examiner would assess runway
incursion avoidance?
Yes

No

Don’t know

14. During your training did your instructor(s) emphasize the importance of effective visual scanning/collision avoidance
procedures?
Yes

No

Don’t know

15. On the scale below, please rate the quality of your flight instruction.
Not
acceptable

Extremely
well done

Instructions: The items in this section ask about your experiences with the examiner who administered the oral (ground)
and flight portions of your most recent practical test. Your most recent practical test refers to all testing sessions that you
may have completed with an examiner for your Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL) category and class
rating.
16. To what extent was the examiner who conducted your practical test prepared and organized to conduct the test
when you arrived?
Not at all

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

17. To what extent was the oral (ground) portion of the practical test conducted in a place that was free of distractions?
Not at all

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

18. To what extent did the examiner use a prepared, written plan in the conduct of the oral (ground) and flight portions of
the practical test?
Not at all

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

19. If you received a briefing from your examiner prior to the flight portion of the practical test, which of the following
areas were covered? [Mark all that apply.]
Procedures for positive exchange of flight controls (who is flying the aircraft)
Procedures for an actual in-flight emergency
Method(s) used by the examiner to simulate emergencies
Repetition of maneuvers
Satisfactory performance criteria
Unsatisfactory performance criteria
I did not receive a briefing prior to the flight portion of the practical test
Don’t know
A2

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
20. Please indicate the subject areas that were evaluated by your examiner. [Mark all that apply.]
Stall/Spin Awareness

Low Level Wind Shear

Wake Turbulence Avoidance

Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)

Positive Aircraft Control

Collision Avoidance on the Ground (Runway Incursion
Avoidance)

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT)

In-flight Collision Avoidance

Checklist Usage

Don’t know

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

21. Please indicate the events for which you utilized a checklist. [Mark all that apply.]
Preflight inspection

Cruise flight

Engine starting

Descent

Before takeoff check

Approach and landing

Takeoff and climb

Go-around

Emergency approach and
landing
After landing
Engine shutdown

22. Prior to your flight, did you present any portion of (or a copy of) the maintenance logbook for the aircraft you used
during the practical test?
Yes

No (if no, skip to item 24)

23. Did the examiner ask you to explain the maintenance logbook entries for the aircraft you used during the practical
test?
Yes

No

24. Did the examiner ask any maintenance or aircraft airworthiness questions?
Yes

No

Don’t know

25. How much time did you spend on the flight portion of the practical test?
Less than 30 min.

2 to less than 2½ hrs.

30 min. to less than 1 hr.

2½ to less than 3 hrs.

1 to less than 1½ hrs.

More than 3 hrs.

1½ to less than 2 hrs.

26. How much time did you spend on the oral (ground) portion of the practical test prior to the flight portion?
Less than 30 min.

2 to less than 2½ hrs.

30 min. to less than 1 hr.

2½ to less than 3 hrs.

1 to less than 1½ hrs.

More than 3 hrs.

1½ to less than 2 hrs.

27. Did an actual distraction occur during a taxi, departure, or arrival phase of the flight?
Yes (if yes, skip to item 30)
No
I did not detect an actual distraction

28. Did the examiner provide a distraction during a taxi, departure, or arrival phase of the flight?
Yes
No (if no, skip to item 30)
I did not detect a distraction (if did not detect, skip to item 30)

A3

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
29. If the examiner provided a distraction, to what extent was the distraction realistic?
Not at all

Limited extent

Moderate
extent

Considerable
extent

Great extent

30. Did the examiner require a procedure that jeopardized safety?
Yes

No

Don’t know

If yes, please explain.

31. Did the examiner ask you to make a “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information?
Yes

No

32. On your most recent practical test, how many landings to a touch down did you demonstrate?
1 landing

2

3

4

5

6

More than 6
landings

Instructions: This section contains a list of technical subject areas, maneuvers, and procedures (events).
Please indicate all events the examiner asked you to explain and/or demonstrate during your most recent practical test.
Your most recent practical test refers to all testing sessions that you may have completed with an examiner for your
Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL) category and class rating. Also, please identify whether or not you
were asked to repeat any maneuver or procedure. Additionally, if you were asked to repeat an event, please provide the
reason the examiner gave for the request to repeat the event.

Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and Procedures (Event)

Event

Were you asked to repeat the
event?

Was the event evaluated?
Yes

No

Don't
know

Examiner’s reason for the
request to repeat the event.

Preflight Preparation

1

a. Certificates and Documents

a.

a.

a

b. Airworthiness Requirements

b.

b.

b

c. Weather Information

c.

c.

c

d. Cross-country Flight Planning

d.

d.

d

e. Basic VFR Weather Minimums

e.

e.

e

f. Airspace Classes

f.

f.

f

g. Special Use and Other
Airspace Areas

g.

g.

g

h. Performance and Limitations

h.

h.

h

i. Weight and Balance

i.

i.

i

j. Operation of Systems

j.

j.

j

k. Minimum Equipment List

k.

k.

k

l. Aeromedical Factors

l.

l.

l

A4

2

Yes

No

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and Procedures (Event)

Event

Were you asked to repeat the
event?

Was the event evaluated?
Yes

No

Don't
know

Examiner’s reason for the
request to repeat the event.

Preflight Procedures

3

a. Preflight Inspection

a.

a.

a

b. Cockpit Management

b.

b.

b

c. Engine Starting

c.

c.

c

d. Taxiing

d.

d.

d

e. Before Takeoff Check

e.

e.

e

a. Radio Communications and
ATC Light Signals

a.

a.

a

b. Traffic Patterns

b.

b.

b

c. Airport, Runway and Taxiway
Signs, Markings, and Lighting

c.

c.

c

a.

a.

a

b. Normal and Crosswind
Approach and Landing

b.

b.

b

c. Soft-field Takeoff and Climb

c.

c.

c

d. Soft-field Approach and
Landing

d.

d.

d

e. Short-field Takeoff and
Maximum Performance Climb

e.

e.

e

f. Short-field Approach and
Landing

f.

f.

f

g. Forward Slip to a Landing

g.

g.

g

h. Go-around/Rejected Landing

h.

h.

h

a.

a.

a

a. Rectangular Course

a.

a.

a

b. S-Turns

b.

b.

b

c. Turns Around a Point

c.

c.

c

a. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

a.

a.

a

b. Navigation Systems and
Radar Services

b.

b.

b

c. Diversion

c.

c.

c

d. Lost Procedures

d.

d.

d

4

Yes

No

Airport Operations

Takeoffs, Landings, and GoArounds
a. Normal and Crosswind
Takeoff and Climb

Performance Maneuver
a. Steep Turns
Ground Reference Maneuvers

Navigation

A5

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
Technical Subject Areas, Maneuvers, and Procedures (Event)

Event
Slow Flight and Stalls
a. Maneuvering During Slow
Flight

Were you asked to repeat the
event?

Was the event evaluated?
5
a.

Yes

No

Don't
know

6
a.

Yes

Examiner’s reason for the
request to repeat the event.

No
a

b. Power-off Stalls

b.

b.

b

c. Power-on Stalls

c.

c.

c

d. Spin Awareness

d.

d.

d

Maneuvers/Procedures in
Simulated Instrument
Conditions
a. Straight -and- Level Flight

a.

a.

a

b. Constant Airspeed Climbs

b.

b.

b

c. Constant Airspeed Descents

c.

c.

c

d. Turns to Headings

d.

d.

d

e. Recovery from Unusual Flight
Attitudes

e.

e.

e

f. Radio Communications,
Navigation Systems/Facilities,
and Radar Services

f.

f.

f

a. Emergency Approach and
Landing

a.

a.

a

b. Systems and Equipment
Malfunctions

b.

b.

b

c. Emergency Equipment and
Survival Gear

c.

c.

c

a.

a.

a

a. After Landing

a.

a.

a

b. Parking and Securing

b.

b.

b

Emergency Operations

Night Operation
a. Night Preparation
Postflight Procedures

Instructions: Your most recent practical test refers to all testing sessions that you may have completed with an examiner
for your P-ASEL category and class rating.
33. On your most recent practical test, did you demonstrate a crosswind takeoff?
Yes (if yes, skip to item 35)

No

34. If you did not demonstrate a crosswind takeoff, did the examiner evaluate your knowledge of crosswind takeoffs
through oral testing?
Yes

No

35. On your most recent practical test, did you demonstrate a crosswind landing?
Yes (if yes, skip to item 37)

No
A6

Private Pilot Airplane Single-Engine Land (P-ASEL): Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences
36. If you did not demonstrate a crosswind landing, did the examiner evaluate your knowledge of crosswind landings
through oral testing?
Yes

No

37. On your most recent practical test, did the examiner ask you to perform any maneuver(s) or procedure(s) or to
explain any technical subject area(s) for which you had not been adequately prepared by your instructor(s)?
Yes

No

If yes, please explain.

38. Have you ever failed a practical test for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
Yes

No (if no, skip to item 39)

If yes, did you receive a disapproval notice (“pink” slip) or were you notified electronically?
Yes

No

If you did not receive a disapproval notice (“pink” slip) or electronic notification, please explain.

39. Have you ever been directed by an examiner to seek further instruction and return at a later date to complete the
practical test for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
Yes

No (if no, skip to item 40)

If yes, did you receive a disapproval notice (“pink” slip) or were you notified electronically?
Yes

No

If you did not receive a disapproval notice (“pink” slip) or electronic notification, please explain.

40. On your most recent practical test, did you perform any maneuver that failed to conform to the requirements of the
Private Pilot Practical Test Standards?
Yes

No (if no, skip to item 41)

Don't know

If yes, was the error noted by the examiner?
Yes

No

Don't know

41. What was the fee you paid for your initial Private Pilot Practical Test for your ASEL category and class rating?
$150 or less

$151 to $250

$251 to $350

$351 or more

42. Are you:
Male

Female

43. How old are you?
25 or
Under

26 to 35

36 to 45

46 to 55

Thank you for your participation!
Office Use Only
al

ce

ea

gl

ne

nm

so

sw

wp

A7

56 to 65

66 or
older

Appendix B
2007 Private Pilot ASEL:
Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences

Responses for Open-Ended Survey Items for Northwest Mountain Region Pilots

This appendix contains verbatim pilot responses to open-ended items for the 2007 Private Pilot ASEL: Assessment of
Instruction and Practical Test Experiences for Northwest Mountain Region pilots. Several items on the questionnaire
asked pilots to provide an explanation for their responses. Additionally, if a pilot was requested by the examiner to
repeat an event (technical subject areas, maneuvers, or procedures), they were asked to provide the reason given by
the examiner for the request to repeat (Reason for Repeat). Explanations for items 30a, 37a, 39b, and Reasons for
Repeat are presented in this Appendix.
Table 1 lists the pilot responses to item 30a, which asked pilots to provide an explanation if they indicated ‘yes' when
asked whether the examiner required them to perform a procedure that jeopardized safety (item 30).
Table 1. 2007 Pilot Explanations for a 'Yes' Response on Item 30.
30. Did the examiner require a procedure that jeopardized safety?
a. If yes, please explain:
** "He demonstrates what to do in the event of spin - showed via stall and then discussed."
** "Total engine failure."
Includes only those pilots indicating ‘yes' on item 30.

Item 37 inquired as to whether, on their most recent practical test, pilots were asked to explain technical subject areas
or perform maneuvers or procedures for which they had not been adequately trained. If the response was ‘yes', they
were asked to provide an explanation (item 37a). Table 2 lists pilot’s verbatim explanations provided for item 37a.
Table 2. 2007 Pilot Explanations for a 'Yes' Response on Item 37.
37. On your most recent practical test, did the examiner ask you to perform any maneuver(s) or procedure(s) or
to explain any technical subject area(s) for which you had not been adequately prepared by your
instructor(s)?
a. If yes, please explain:
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**

"ADF tracking"
"Climbing power-on stall."
"Flight in Class B airspace, i.e., flight under 'birthday cake'."
"I was unclear about the weight/balance chart that I hadn't reviewed much."
"Landing on desired spot and partial power emergencies."
"Partial panel simulated instrumentally, stalls in with a bank."
"Power plant of the aircraft being used."
"Slip landing without flaps."
"Slips to a landing with no flaps."
"Steep turns, airport markings."
"Steep turns."
"Turn and descent in slow flight."
"Using S - curves to descend in control for emergency landing."

Includes only those pilots indicating ‘yes' on item 37.

Item 39 asked pilots whether, on any practical test, an examiner directed the pilot to seek further instruction and return
at a later date to complete the practical test. Item 39a asked those who indicated 'yes' to item 39 whether or not they
received a disapproval notice ('pink' slip) or electronic notification. If the pilot did not receive a disapproval notice nor
electronic notification, they were asked to provide an explanation as to why (item 39b). Verbatim responses to item 39b
are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. 2007 Pilot Explanations for a 'No' Response to Item 39a.
39. Have you ever been directed by an examiner to seek further instruction and return at a later date to
complete the practical test for the P-ASEL category and class rating?
a. If yes, did you receive a disapproval notice ('pink' slip) or were you notified electronically?
b. If you did not receive a disapproval notice ('pink' slip) or electronic notification, please explain.
Includes only those pilots indicating ‘yes' on item 39 and ‘no' on item 39a.

**Denotes next comment.

B1

The survey provided a table listing technical subject areas, maneuvers, and procedures. Pilots were asked to indicate
whether, on their most recent practical test, the examiner evaluated them on the specific topics within the subject areas
(see Appendix A, p. A4-A6). The survey also asked pilots to indicate whether the examiner asked them to repeat any
topic. Those pilots who indicated ‘yes' a topic was evaluated, and ‘yes' they were asked to repeat that topic were also
asked to provide the reason the examiner gave for the request to repeat. The pilot's verbatim responses regarding the
reasons given by the examiners for the request to repeat are provided in Table 4.
Table 4. Examiner's Reasons for Request to Repeat Event/Topic.
Technical Subject Area, Maneuver, Procedure (Event)
1. Preflight Preparation
a. Certificates and Documents
b. Airworthiness Requirements
c. Weather Information
** "Different weather."
** "Direction of thunderstorm rotation."
** "Due to continuance."
** "We did not fly the first day we meet because the weather was bad."
** "Wrong answer."
d. Cross-country Flight Planning
** "Different scenarios."
** "More detail required."
e. Basic VFR Weather Minimums
** "Further clarification."
** "The first time we met, we did the oral portion. Weather was bad so we rescheduled the flight portion of the
exam."
** "Unclear answer - SVFR."
f. Airspace Classes
** "All classes."
** "Due to continuance."
** "Further clarification."
** "I confused some points."
** "Wrong answer."
g. Special Use and Other Airspace Areas
** "Couldn't decide between prohibited/restricted."
h. Performance and Limitations
i. Weight and Balance
** "Couldn't figure all charts."
** "Different loads."
** "Due to continuance."
j. Operation of Systems
k. Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
** "Disagreement on necessity of stall horn."
l. Aeromedical Factors
2. Preflight Procedures
a. Preflight Inspection
b. Cockpit Management
c. Engine Starting
d. Taxiing
e. Before Takeoff Check
3. Airport Operations
a. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals
** "1st error - repeat."
b. Traffic Patterns
** "RP and LP."
c. Airport, Runway and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and Lighting
** "Got runway and taxiway lights backwards."
** "Review of taxiway signs."

**Denotes next comment.

B2

Table 4. Examiner's Reasons for Request to Repeat Event/Topic (continued).
Technical Subject Area, Maneuver, Procedure (Event)
4. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds
a. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb
b. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing
** "First was poor."
c. Soft-field Takeoff and Climb
** "Examiner had a different method."
** "To make sure I understood the procedure."
d. Soft-field Approach and Landing
** "1st attempt failed."
** "Bounced landing."
** "Didn't meet standards first time."
** "First was poor."
** "Rough landing."
e. Short-field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb
** "First was poor."
** "Too quick with flaps."
f. Short-field Approach and Landing
** "1st attempt failed."
** "First was poor."
** "Hard landing."
** "He wanted to see one with a forward slip/land."
** "I misunderstood target mark."
** "Missed once."
** "Needed improvement, strong crosswinds."
** "Not stabilized approach."
** "Poor approach."
g. Forward Slip to a Landing
** "Did not hit my spot."
** "He just wanted to see another."
** "Missed aiming point (too long)."
** "Speed control."
** "Too much energy."
** "Turbulence."
h. Go-around/Rejected Landing
5. Performance Maneuver
a. Steep Turns
** "Altitude."
** "Angle < 45 degrees."
** "At PTS Limits."
** "Did not hold altitude."
** "Didn't get to 45 degree bank angle on 1st attempt."
** "He wanted steeper."
** "Outside PTS standards."
** "Slight abruptness of the turn."
** "Too steep first time."
** "Unsatisfactory 1st time."
6. Ground Reference Maneuvers
a. Rectangular Course
** "In seek for sharper performance."
** "Wanted to see a better one."
b. S-turns
** "?"
** "Cross wind."
** "High winds/storm activity."
** "We had a disconnect on the point of beginning the maneuver. I was looking at one road, the inspector
another."
**Denotes next comment.

B3

Table 4. Examiner's Reasons for Request to Repeat Event/Topic (continued).
Technical Subject Area, Maneuver, Procedure (Event)
c. Turns Around a Point
** "Drifted downwind."
** "He was planning the next maneuver."
** "I asked to start over."
** "Point too far out."
** "Review performance."
** "Strong X-Wind."
** "Unsure of limit."
7. Navigation
a. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
** "Missed check point."
** "Unsatisfactory 1st time."
b. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
c. Diversion
** "He diverted me twice. No problems with the first diversion, just wanted to go to a new area to perform
maneuvers."
d. Lost procedures
** "Failed first step."
** "He evaluated me a couple of times in this area. Part was radio communication and the other was pilotage."
8. Slow Flight and Stalls
a. Maneuvering During Slow Flight
** "Climbed outside of turbulence in slow flight."
** "Lost a little altitude."
** "Maintain altitude."
** "Not slow enough."
** "Tall."
b. Power-off Stalls
** "Did 2 bank and stalls."
** "First attempt unsatisfactory to me. I requested another chance."
** "Maintain altitude."
** "No stall first time."
** "Throttle setting."
** "Training on lost engine stall recovery without power."
c. Power-on Stalls
** "Did 2 bank and stalls."
** "I did the maneuver within tolerance, however the plane has a tendency to drop a wing during this
maneuver. He explained a different way to control the wing dropping, so we did the maneuver again."
** "I reported this was my least favorite maneuver so the examiner spent more time on it."
** "Maintain altitude."
** "Needed to be smoother."
d. Spin Awareness
9. Maneuvers/Procedures in Simulated Instrument Conditions
a. Straight-and-Level Flight
b. Constant Airspeed Climbs
c. Constant Airspeed Descents
d. Turns to Headings
** "Overshot."
** "We did several turns to headings, along with slow flight, under the hood and diversions."
e. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
** "He felt the first one was too easy."
** "He wanted to do 2."
f. Radio Communications, Navigation Systems/Facilities, and Radar Services
** "VOR OTS."

**Denotes next comment.

B4

Table 4. Examiner's Reasons for Request to Repeat Event/Topic (continued).
Technical Subject Area, Maneuver, Procedure (Event)
10. Emergency Operations
a. Emergency Approach and Landing
** "First approach short."
** "Speed control."
** "Speed too high."
** "Was long / too high."
** "We did two different emergency procedures."
** "Wind correction."
b. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
** "Did not use checklist."
** "We also talked about this on the ground and in the air."
c. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
11. Night Operation
a. Night Preparation
12. Postflight Procedures
a. After Landing
b. Parking and Securing
Includes only those pilots indicating that they were asked to repeat a event/topic.

**Denotes next comment.

B5