Ag Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications 2007

United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service

Agricultural Chemical Usage
Postharvest Applications Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007

Ag Ch 1 (07) a

Table of Contents
Page
Overview - Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Highlights - Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chemical Applications Tables - Oats
Percent Treated and Total Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Application Rates and Total Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Applications by Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Applications by When Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5
5
7
7

Pest Management Practices - All Grains Handled
Percent of Operations Using Strategies and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Strategies Used in Determining Fumigation Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Overview - Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Highlights - Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chemical Applications Tables - Potatoes
Percent Treated and Total Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Application Rates and Total Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Applications by Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical Applications by When Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22
22
26
26

Pest Management Practices - Potatoes
Percent of Operations Using Strategies and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Survey Procedures and Estimation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Pesticide Classes, Common Names, and Trade Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Survey Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Report Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
1

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Postharvest Chemical Use Estimates for Oats
Oats Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data compiled
from the 2006 Oats Postharvest Chemical Use Survey. The Postharvest Survey was conducted for
oats marketed from August 1, 2005 to July 31, 2006 which covers the 2005 crop. All results refer
to pesticide applications and integrated pest management at off-farm storage and processing
facilities after the oats were harvested. On-farm postharvest applications were beyond the scope of
this survey.
There were 1,079 oat storage and processing facility reports summarized across the 12 surveyed
States. The U.S. map below shows the number of summarized reports by State. There were
insufficient reports to publish chemical data at the State level for Iowa, Kansas, North Dakota,
Pennsylvania, and Texas for chemical application rates. No pesticides were reported in Illinois,
Michigan, Nebraska, or Ohio.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
2

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

After harvest, oats are generally marketed through local and/or terminal elevators, except those
which are used on the farm. The diagram below shows the traditional postharvest marketing
channels for oats. Most oats are used for livestock feed. This grain may be pulled out of the
marketing channel at any point. Processors are also recipients of the grain at any point along the
marketing channel.
The totals for the Program States, as well as individual State totals where data permit, are published
for the percent of oats treated, number of applications, rate per application, rate per marketing year,
and the total amount of active ingredient applied. A table detailing total pesticide usage by class
for the Program States is also included. Totals for the Program States and individual State totals
are published for the percent of grain treated, number of applications, rate per application, rate per
marketing year, and the total amount of active ingredient applied. The Program States include the
major oat producing States.
Oats moving from a local elevator to a terminal elevator were duplicated in the total amount
handled. The intent of the survey was to obtain the entire amount of chemicals applied to the
stored oats; therefore, this duplication in quantity handled is necessary. No provision was made for
cross-State movement. The State or region of origin was not part of the survey, so all of the oats
handled in a program State were included in this survey.
In addition to chemical applications, grain storage operators were also asked a series of questions
pertaining to their pest management practices. Answers to these questions are summarized and
included in the report. A copy of the survey instrument used to collect the data is also included.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
3

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Highlights for Oats

Pesticides: Aluminum phosphide and malathion were the top two chemicals used on oats, based
on percent of volume treated. Aluminum phosphide is an insecticidal fumigant used to kill insects,
insect larvae, and mites. Malathion is an insecticide.
Of the total chemical applications made to oats in 2005-06 in the 12 Program States, 43 percent was
applied by mixing pellets/tablets, 26 percent by direct powdering, 13 percent by top dress, 9 percent
by direct spray, 6 percent by re-circulation, and 4 percent by seed treatment.
Of the total chemical applications made to oats in 2005-06 in the 12 Program States, 20 percent was
applied on inbound oats, 26 percent during binning of oats, and 54 percent while the oats were
stored.
Operations in the following States applied the listed chemicals to oats after harvest. However,
there were an insufficient number of reports to publish State level usage data.
Iowa:
Kansas:
Minnesota:
North Dakota:
Pennsylvania:
Texas:
Wisconsin:

aluminum phosphide, malathion, and silicon dioxide.
aluminum phosphide and malathion.
malathion and silicon dioxide.
aluminum phosphide.
aluminum phosphide, malathion, and silicon dioxide.
aluminum phosphide and methoprene.
cyfluthrin and methyl bromide.

Pest Management Practices: The pest management practices section of the questionnaire asked
for mechanical devices or cleaning practices used at the operations surveyed. The timing for
inspecting and measuring temperatures in the storage units varies by the season. Therefore, the
responses to these pest management questions are organized by “Spring and Summer” and “Fall
and Winter.”

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
4

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Percent Treated and Total Applied,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year 1
Percent Treated and Total Applied
Volume
Handled
Insecticide
Fungicide
Other Chemical
1,000 Bu.

Percent

1,244
38,933
1,974
1,746
30,412
9,525
10,236
2,579
2,867
22,342
10,541
14,669

IL
IA
KS
MI
MN
NE
ND
OH
PA
SD
TX
WI

1,000 Lbs.

0.3
*

0.1
*

5.7

0.8

*

*

*
21.5
*
1.9

Number

5.1
0.7

Percent

1,000 Lbs.

1.9

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Insecticides:
Aluminum phosphide
Malathion

1,000 Lbs.

*
0.4
*
0.4

147,069
5.9
Program States
* Insufficient reports to publish data.
1
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural
Chemical

Percent

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1.0
1.0

0.057
0.415

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
5

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1,000 Lbs

0.057
0.415

0.4
0.4

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Agricultural
Chemical

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Minnesota, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Insecticides:
Aluminum phosphide

Agricultural
Chemical

Number

4.8

1.0

0.052

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
South Dakota, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Insecticides:
Aluminum phosphide
Malathion

Agricultural
Chemical

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

Number

19.6
2.6

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1.0
1.0

0.040
0.405

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Wisconsin, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Insecticides:
Malathion
* Total applied is less than 50 pounds.

Number

0.6

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1.0

0.411

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
6

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1,000 Lbs

0.052

0.1

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1,000 Lbs

0.040
0.405

0.2
0.2

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per 1,000 Bu.

1,000 Lbs

0.411

*

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Use,
Method of Application,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Method of Application

Oats
Percent

Direct Powdering
Direct Spray
Mixing Pellets/Tablets
Re-Circulation
Seed Treatment
Top Dress

26
9
43
6
4
13

Total

100

Oats: Postharvest Chemical Use,
Timing of Application,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
When Applied

Oats
Percent

In Bound
During Binning
While Stored
Total

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
7

20
26
54
100

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

This page intentionally left blank.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
8

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year 1 2
State
Practice
IL
IA
KS
MI

MN

NE

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

30
4
27
3
3
45
4
42

50
6
28
8
11
46
5
36

48
12
10
45
9
33
17
71

41
4
12
5
6
6
4
16

35
6
21
4
16
14
5
26

59
18
37
18
10
47
15
59

80
97
81
45
20
97
91
12

78
95
77
54
8
98
95
4

80
98
44
66
18
97
92
3

62
94
64
30
7
96
87

69
93
58
29
11
92
84
1

85
100
88
56

Mechanical Devices:
Aeration controller
Deep bin sampler
Grain spreader
Phosphine pellet dispenser
Protein analyzer
Power probe
Re-circulation fumigation device
Temperature cable
Cleaning Activities:
Clean aeration ducts
Control vegetation around bins
Core bins after filling
Fumigate empty bins
Hose down empty warehouse bins
Pick up spilled grain
Sweep or vacuum empty bins
Other cleaning activities

100
97

ND

OH

PA

State
SD

TX

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

59
3
8
12
80
12
1
19

44
5
30
2
5
28
1
65

13

30
9
11
10
50
10
4
17

40
12
12
32
20
12

13
2
15
2
2
7
2
18

37
6
20
10
17
23
5
33

60
Clean aeration ducts
84
82
38
66
60
Control vegetation around bins
99
98
78
95
96
93
Core bins after filling
59
58
16
54
16
45
Fumigate empty bins
25
72
34
33
52
30
Hose down empty warehouse bins
7
12
6
2
28
8
Pick up spilled grain
100
98
87
98
92
94
Sweep or vacuum empty bins
100
92
81
95
80
87
Other cleaning activities
2
7
4
3
6
1
Descriptions of these items are included in the Terms and Definitions section of this report on pages 30-32.
2
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

71
94
58
43
9
96
90
4

Practice

Mechanical Devices:
Aeration controller
Deep bin sampler
Grain spreader
Phosphine pellet dispenser
Protein analyzer
Power probe
Re-circulation fumigation device
Temperature cable

13
4
1

1

20

Cleaning Activities:

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
9

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer 1 2
State
Practice
IL
IA
KS
MI
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

MN

NE

Percent

Percent

Inspected for insects:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

3
1
11
6
12
4
1
62

6
2
22
10
30
8
2
19

5

26
9
41
6
3
6

6
2
18
13
39
10
5
6

1
1
15
7
7
1
3
64

3
1
9
7
14
4
4
59

9
16
6
19
3
48

6
7
15
15
19
1

8
63

4
2
10
1
1
81

10
6
17
7
36
2
13
10

7
1
13
18
36
6
11
7

1
10
21
25
28
4
1
9

10
2
5

3

3
4
3
15
9

2
5
16

43

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

10

17
11
36
10
6
15

Other Structures:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
10

1
6
2
15
5
71

8
6
70

10
9
24
3
6
45

1
65
--continued

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grain Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer (continued) 1 2
State
Practice
ND
OH
PA
SD

TX

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

2

3
6
18
4
19

3

4

3
1
1

6
1
3
3
8

1
1
2
1

4
46

3
89

1
77

2
1
91

3
1
9
5
13
2
2
65

10
6
15
4
35

11
5
17
8
13
8
8
30

7
3
13
6
49
3
12
8

8
4
20
8
28
15
6
12

7
3
17
11
35
7
7
11

12
1
11
5
9
3
9
49

8
2
13
8
44
3
1
23

6
3
5
2
5
8
3
68

5
1
9
7
16
3
4
56

Inspected for insects:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

9
9
18
3
1
58

17
21

58

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

6
3
15
12
46
4
7
7

7
23

4
13
13
38
8
13
13

Other Structures:

1
2

5
7
Daily
1
Twice a week
5
13
Weekly
2
19
Every two weeks
3
39
Monthly
2
Other
7
3
Do not monitor
78
16
Do not have structure
Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding.
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
11

8
4

88

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter 1 2
State
Practice
IL
IA
KS
MI
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

MN

NE

Percent

Percent

Inspected for insects:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

9
1
12
4
22
3
1
48

3
1
9
6
13
4
2
62

6
1
18
9
34
9
2
19

10
1
22
7
44
7
3
6

5
2
16
14
38
11
7
6

5

1
1
13
6
10
1
3
64

2
1
7
8
14
4
4
59

4

11
63

4
2
9
1
2
81

6
12
15
22
1
1
43

10
6
15
5
36
2
17
10

6
1
13
15
38
7
13
7

1
7
18
19
36
7
3
9

10
2
5

3

3
4

4
2
16

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

16
7
41
10
6
15

Other Structures:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
12

1
6
1
15
6
71

6
8
70

8
8
24
3
8
45

13
12
3
65
--continued

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Practice

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter (continued) 1 2
State
ND
OH
PA
SD
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

TX

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

Inspected for insects:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

2
9
10
17
3
1
58

4

1
1
3

3
1
5
3
10

8
13
17

6
46

3
89

2
77

58

10
4
14
4
35

11
5
15
7
16
8
9
30

3
2
14
7
48
4
14
8

12
1
8
5
11
3
11
49

4
2
14
8
44
3
3
23

3
4
15
2
23

3

1
1
2
1
1
2
1
91

3
1
8
5
14
2
3
65

7
3
17
5
30
18
7
12

6
3
16
10
37
8
9
12

5
3
4
2
5
9
3
68

4
1
8
7
17
3
5
56

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

4
3
15
12
47
4
7
7

11
23

4
21
8
33
8
13
13

Other Structures:

1
2

5
7
Daily
Twice a week
5
13
Weekly
4
16
Every two weeks
3
43
Monthly
2
Other
6
3
Do not monitor
78
16
Do not have structure
Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding.
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
13

8
4

88

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer 1 2
State
Practice
IL
IA
KS
MI
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

MN

NE

Percent

Percent

Measured Grain Temperature:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

15
63

7
80

3
15
16
13
3
1
6
43

2
2
34
8
13
7
18
15

8
2
11
5
25

1
1
16
16
23
1
34
7

3
18
22
21
9
4
13
10

1

2
2
5

1
4
11
6
4
1
23
48

4
3
12
3
8
4
4
62

5
3
41
9
12
2
8
19

1
4
30
13
13
3
30
4

5
4
14
11
20
9
32
6

2
2
6
5
8
3
14
60

1
2
7
2
11

6
6

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

40
10

Other Structures:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

1
16
3
3
12
65

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
14

7
3
6
13
70

2
21
68

1
10
7
17
1
19
46

1
6
7
12
1
3
6
63
--continued

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Spring and Summer (continued) 1 2
State
Practice
ND
OH
PA
SD
Percent

Percent

7

1
11
24
9
3

Percent

Percent

TX

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

1

Measured Grain Temperature:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

17
1
17
58

3

3
3
3

8
8
13

5
46

11
87

10
77

13
58

1
6
90

2
3
11
4
6
1
9
64

2
2
24
8
19
2
17
25

3

4

8
1
7
1
50
30

8
7
30
3
42
7

4
8
17
4
54
13

4
5
10
3
14
5
46
13

3
3
16
9
18
4
34
12

1

4

5
1
5
1
36
49

7
7
19
3
36
24

4
2
2
2
23
68

1
1
7
4
8
2
21
56

4

2

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

3
13
1
28
4
43
7

Other Structures:

1
2

3
Daily
2
Twice a week
2
13
Weekly
1
Every two weeks
1
25
Monthly
1
1
Other
15
38
Do not monitor
78
17
Do not have structure
Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding.
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
15

8
4

88

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter 1 2
State
Practice
IL
IA
KS
MI
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

MN

NE

Percent

Percent

Measured Grain Temperature:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

9
2
11

6
1
5

15
63

7
80

3
7
16
13
10
1
7
41

6

42
10

1
1
15
19
22
1
34
7

3
7
23
18
21
4
13
10

1

2

1

6
5
6

7

13
70

21
68

10
10
14
1
19
46

1
6
10
6
4
1
23
48

4
2
11
3
9
4
4
62

2
3
36
12
16
2
9
19

1
6
29
12
15
3
30
4

5
2
14
11
22
9
31
6

1
2
30
9
14
8
21
15

2
1
7
4
8
3
14
60

1

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

13
5
25

Other Structures:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

3
15
3
3
12
65

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
16

2

1
4
7
12
3
3
6
63
--continued

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice, Program States,
2005-06 Marketing Year, Fall and Winter (continued) 1 2
State
Practice
ND
OH
PA
SD
Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

TX

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

1

Measured Grain Temperature:
Concrete Silos:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

1
6
17
1
17
58

1
11
20
12
6

1

3

5
3
3

13
4
13

5
46

11
87

11
77

13
58

1
6
90

1
2
10
4
7
1
9
64

3
2
21
9
21
2
17
23

3

1
4
8
4
17
4
50
13

4
5
10
2
14
7
45
13

3
3
15
9
20
4
34
11

4
1
2
3
23
68

1
1
7
4
8
2
21
56

2

Steel Bins and Tanks:
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Every two weeks
Monthly
Other
Do not monitor
Do not have structure

1
1
12
4
27
4
43
7

5
3
7
1
52
30

8
8
30
3
43
7

1

1

1
1
7
1
37
50

8
7
20
3
38
24

Other Structures:

1
2

3
Daily
2
1
Twice a week
2
12
Weekly
1
Every two weeks
1
25
Monthly
1
1
Other
15
38
Do not monitor
78
17
Do not have structure
Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding.
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
17

8
4

88

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Practice

All Grains Handled: Pest Management Practices,
Strategies Used in Determining Fumigation Schedule,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year 1
State
IL
IA
KS
MI

MN

NE

Percent of
Operations

Percent of
Operations

Percent of
Operations

Percent of
Operations

Percent of
Operations

Percent of
Operations

5
30

4
36

10
29

27
14

4
22

2
20

15
5
40
5

6
1
51
1

13
3
43
1

15

9

11

44

58
8

67

Preset calendar date
Bin samples
Combined with other handling
operations
Insect trap counts
Visual grain inspection
Other

Practice

ND
Percent of
Operations

Preset calendar date
Bin samples
Combined with other handling
operations
Insect trap counts
Visual grain inspection
Other
1
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

OH

PA

State
SD

TX

WI

ALL

Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of
Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations

25

24
6

6
13

4
33

5
5
65

6
65

31
6
31
13

14
8
41

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
18

35

7
32

6
28

35

7

29

47
8

12
3
49
2

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Postharvest Chemical Use Estimates for Potatoes
Potato Overview: The agricultural chemical use estimates in this report are based on data
compiled from the 2006 Potato Postharvest Chemical Use Survey. The Postharvest Survey was
conducted for potatoes marketed from August 1, 2005 to July 31, 2006 which covers the 2005 crop.
All results refer to pesticide applications and integrated pest management at off-farm warehouses,
shippers, and processors and farms with storage facilities.
There were 615 warehouse, shipper, processor, and grower reports summarized across 9 States.
The U.S. map below shows the number of summarized reports by State.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
19

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

After harvest, potatoes are generally marketed to processors or to the fresh market through packers
and shippers. This is largely based on variety. A portion of these potatoes go from the field to the
storage facility. These are later marketed either to processors or to packers and shippers for the
fresh market as the need arises. The diagram below demonstrates the traditional postharvest
marketing channels for potatoes.
The totals for the Program States, as well as individual State totals where data permit, are published
for the percent of potatoes treated, number of applications, rate per application, rate per marketing
year, and the total amount of active ingredient applied. A table detailing total pesticide usage by
class for the Program States is also included. Totals for the Program States and individual State
totals are published for the percent of potatoes treated, number of applications, rate per application,
rate per marketing year, and the total amount of active ingredient applied. The Program States
include the major potato producing States.
Potatoes moving from a storage operator to a packer and shipper will be duplicated in the total
amount handled. The intent of the survey was to obtain the entire amount of chemicals applied to
the potatoes, so this duplication in quantity handled is necessary. No provision was made for crossState movement. The State or region of origin of the potatoes was not part of the survey, so all of
the potatoes handled in a Program State were included in this survey.
In addition to chemical applications, potato storage operators were also asked a series of questions
pertaining to their pest management practices. Answers to these questions are summarized and
included in the report. A copy of the survey instrument used to collect the data is also included.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
20

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Highlights for Potatoes

Pesticides: Chlorpropham, calcium hypochlorite, and napthalene were the top three active
ingredients used on potatoes, based on percent of volume treated. Chlorpropham and napthalene
are growth regulators used to inhibit sprout growth on potatoes. Calcium hypochlorite is a sanitizer
used to disinfect potatoes.
Of the total chemical applications made to potatoes in 2005-06 in the 9 Program States, 70 percent
was applied by gas/fog, 19 percent by direct spray, 8 percent by mist, 2 percent by seed treatment,
and 1 percent by immersion.
Of the total chemical applications made to potatoes in 2005-06 in the 9 Program States, 8 percent
was applied to potatoes that were not in storage, 5 percent before storage, 55 percent during
storage, and 32 percent after storage.
Operations in the following States applied the listed chemicals to potatoes after harvest. However,
there were an insufficient number of reports to publish State level usage data.
Colorado:
Idaho:
Maine:
Michigan:
Minnesota:
North Dakota:
Oregon:
Washington:
Wisconsin:

chlorine dioxide and thiabendazole (TBZ).
chlorine, peroxyacetic acid, phosphorus acid, pseudo-syring ESC-10,
sodium hypochlorite, and thiabendazole (TBZ).
calcium hpyochlorite, fludioxonil, hydrogen peroxide (dioxide), methyl
bromide, phosphorus acid, and sodium hypochlorite.
chlorine, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, mancozeb, napthalene, pseudo-syring
ESC-10, and thiophanate methyl.
hydrogen peroxide (dioxide), peroxyacetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite.
fludioxonil and mancozeb.
chlorine dioxide, napthalene, and thiabendazole (TBZ)
bacillus subtilis, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide (dioxide).
chlorine dioxide and thiabendazole (TBZ).

Pest Management Practices: The pest management practices section of the questionnaire asked
for mechanical devices and cleaning practices used at the operations surveyed. This section also
asked the time intervals that stored potatoes were checked for insects and temperature and/or
humidity.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
21

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Percent Treated and Total Applied,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year 1
Percent Treated and Total Applied
Volume
Handled
Insecticide
Fungicide
Other Chemical
1,000 Cwt.

CO
ID
ME
MI
MN
ND
OR
WA
WI

Percent

20,471
165,139
14,631
8,686
16,691
35,247
30,610
126,779
26,620

1,000 Lbs.

*
*

*
*

Program States
444,876
*
* Insufficient reports to publish data.
1
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural
Chemical

*

Percent

1,000 Lbs.

*
0.6
9.3
*

*
1.0
0.2
*

*
*
*
*
0.8

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Calcium hypochlorite
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorpropham
Fludioxinil
Hydrogen peroxide
Napthalene
Sodium hypochlorite
Thiabendazole (TBZ)
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.
1
Total applied less than 50 pounds.

5.4
2.9
47.5
0.1
3.0
5.0
0.3
0.6

Number

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.0

Percent

*
*
0.001
*
*
*
*
*

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
22

1,000 Lbs.

*
*
*
*

78.6
58.8
46.0
55.6
31.6
32.5
67.0
43.9
61.1

3.5
86.9
17.7
6.0
1.0
17.4
7.1
18.4
26.0

2.3

52.6

184.1

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*
*
0.001
*
*
*
*
*

4.2
0.1
168.1
(1)
0.8
10.7
(1)
0.3

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Agricultural
Chemical

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Colorado, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham
Hydrogen peroxide
Napthalene
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

Agricultural
Chemical

65.4
10.7
18.5

Pounds per Cwt.

1.2
1.0
1.1

*
*
*

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Idaho, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Calcium hypochlorite
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorpropham
Hydrogen peroxide
Napthalene
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

Agricultural
Chemical

Number

Number

14.4
4.5
50.6
6.0
7.6

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0

*
*
0.001
*
0.001

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Maine, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham
Thiabendazole (TBZ)
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

43.9
9.1

Number

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0
1.0

0.003
*

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
23

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*
*
0.001

1.5
0.1
1.9

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*
*
0.001
*
0.001

4.2
0.1
74.7
0.7
7.1

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

0.003
*

17.7
0.1

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Agricultural
Chemical

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Michigan, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham

Agricultural
Chemical

52.6

Chlorpropham
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

1.0

Number

31.5

0.001

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0

32.5

Number

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

0.001

0.002

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
24

6.0

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
North Dakota, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham

Pounds per Cwt.

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Minnesota, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Agricultural
Chemical

Number

Rate per
Mkt. Year

*

1.0

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

0.002

17.4

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Agricultural
Chemical

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Oregon, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

Agricultural
Chemical

56.5

Chlorpropham
Napthalene
* Rate applied less than 0.0005 pounds.

1.0

Number

41.8
1.5

Pounds per Cwt.

1.1
1.0

61.0
6.0

Number

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*

0.001
0.001

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
25

6.8

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

*
*

Pounds per Cwt.

1.0
1.0

Total
Applied

*

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Wisconsin, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Chlorpropham
Napthalene

Pounds per Cwt.

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Applications,
Washington, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Volume
AppliRate per
Treated
cations
Application
Percent

Agricultural
Chemical

Number

Rate per
Mkt. Year

*
*

18.0
0.3

Rate per
Mkt. Year

Total
Applied

Pounds per Cwt.

1,000 Lbs

0.002
0.001

24.9
1.2

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Use,
Method of Application,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Method of Application

Potatoes
Percent

Direct Spray
Gas/Fog
Immersion
Mist
Seed Treatment

19
70
1
8
2

Total

100

Potatoes: Postharvest Chemical Use,
Timing of Application,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year
Timing of Application

Potatoes
Percent

Not Stored
Before Storage
During Storage
After Storage
Total

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
26

8
5
55
32
100

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Potatoes: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year 1 2
Practice

CO

ID

State
ME

MI

MN

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Mechanical Devices:
Aeration controller
Re-circulation fumigation device

15
12

74
25

50
6

46
15

50
4

85
92

78
87

69
85

64
82

85
92

96
92

79
97

82
85

80
90

73
92

96
92

96
56

85
70

92
78

89
79

Cleaning Activities:
Clean aeration ducts
Clean and disinfect potato warehouses
Clean and sanitize packing/processing
facilities
Control vegetation
Pick up spilled potatoes/clean
surrounding areas
Use pest/rodent control measures
Other activities

Practice

ND

OR

State
WA

Percent

Percent

Percent

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Mechanical Devices:
Aeration controller
Re-circulation fumigation device

57
10

76
31

43
32

53
23

57
17

Cleaning Activities:
Clean aeration ducts
90
95
73
87
Clean and disinfect potato warehouses
98
100
76
98
Clean and sanitize packing/processing
facilities
88
93
71
84
Control vegetation
98
100
81
98
Pick up spilled potatoes/clean
surrounding areas
98
100
79
100
Use pest/rodent control measures
83
45
69
75
Other activities
3
* Less than 0.5 %.
1
Descriptions of these items are included in the Terms and Definitions section of this report on pages 30-32.
2
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
27

77
88
81
92
92
68
*

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Potatoes: Pest Management Practices,
Percent of Operations Utilizing Practice,
Program States, 2005-06 Marketing Year 1 2
Practice

CO

ID

State
ME

MI

MN

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

3

3

5

24
7
31
5
30

8
9
18
12
49

32
14
25

12
57
15
16

28
3
30
5
8

23
5
43
5
5

1

26

21

Inspected for insects:
Automatically
Hourly
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Other
Do not monitor

8
36
4
20
32

2
*
18
14
39
4
22

25

Measured Potato Temperature and/or Humidity:
Automatically
Hourly
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Other
Do not monitor

40
44
4
8
4

Practice

7
1
65
14
10
*
3

ND

OR

State
WA

WI

ALL

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Percent

Inspected for insects:
Automatically
Hourly
Daily
Twice a week
Weekly
Other
Do not monitor

9
35
6
23
2
34

21
7
17
24
31

15
13
40
2
21

17
7
33
5
38

Automatically
11
Hourly
7
Daily
61
Twice a week
4
Weekly
13
Other
Do not monitor
5
* Less than 0.5%.
1
Numbers for each type of structure may not add to 100 due to rounding.
2
Blank cells represent no data reported for the item.

19

33
3
36
8
11

25

3
*
22
10
31
5
29

Measured Potato Temperature and/or Humidity:

45
10
17
7
2

Agricultural Chemical Usage Postharvest Applications - Oats and Potatoes Summary
March 2007
28

9

49
4
5
3
15

16
1
54
11
11
1
7

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Survey Procedures: The population for the 2006 Oat Postharvest Chemical Use Survey included
off-farm facilities that stored or handled oats during the 2005-06 marketing year. Off-farm
facilities included mills, elevators, warehouses, terminals, and processors.
The population for the 2006 Potato Postharvest Chemical Use Survey included off-farm facilities
that stored or handled potatoes and farms with storage facilities. Off-farm facilities included
warehouses, shippers, and processors. Farms with on-farm storage were also included in the
population.
Estimation Procedures: The chemical application data, reported by product names or trade
names, were reviewed within State and across States for reasonableness and consistency. The
reported data were compared with manufacturers’ recommendations and data from other operations
using the same product. Following this review, product information was converted to active
ingredient level. Chemical data in this publication are reported at the active ingredient level.
Detailed data within a table may not multiply across or add down due to independent rounding of
the published values.
Reliability: The surveys were designed so that the estimates are statistically representative of
chemical use on the targeted commodities in the Program States. The reliability of these survey
results is affected by sampling variability and non-sampling errors.
Since all operations handling the crops of interest are not included in the sample, survey estimates
are subject to sampling variability. The sampling variability expressed as a percent of the estimate
is called the coefficient of variation (cv). Sampling variability of the estimates differed
considerably by chemical and crop. Variability for estimates of percent of volume treated will be
higher than the variability for estimates of application rates. This is because application rates have
a narrower range of responses, which are recommended by the manufacturer of the product, and are
generally followed. In general, the more often the chemical was applied, the smaller the sampling
variability. For example, estimates of a commonly used active ingredient such as chlorpropham,
will exhibit less variability than a rarely used chemical like fludioxinil.
Non-sampling errors are errors that occur during a survey process, and unlike sampling variability,
are difficult to measure. Non-sampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as sample
surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain correct information from each person surveyed,
differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding or processing the data.
Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors.

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Terms and Definitions
Active ingredient: The specific chemical which kills or controls the target pests. Usage data are
reported by pesticide product and are converted to an amount of active ingredient.
Aeration controller: An automatic (usually computer-based) system that determines the optimum
running time (considering humidity and temperature) for aeration fans on the grain or potato
storage units. They can usually be set for drying or storage mode.
Agricultural chemicals: The active ingredients in pesticide products.
Application rates: The average number of pounds of a pesticide active ingredient applied to a
volume of a commodity. Rate per application is the average number of pounds applied in one
application. Rate per marketing year is the average number of pounds applied counting multiple
applications. Number of applications is the average number of times a treated volume receives a
specific agricultural chemical.
Common name: Officially recognized name for an active ingredient. This report shows active
ingredient by common name.
Core bins after filling: When grain is placed into a bin, it is usually filled from the top. Smaller
particles, called fines, tend to concentrate in the center of the bin. This material compacts,
restricting airflow which in turn affects grain temperatures and thus pests. For this reason, it is
recommended that a portion of grain be extracted from the bottom center of the bin. This core can
then be reloaded onto the top and spread over the surface to distribute the fines evenly.
Deep bin sampler: Usually a vacuum type device that allows one to reach deep into a grain bin
and sample grain that is normally out of reach to typical probe samplers.
Direct powdering: Usually applying a fungicide or insecticide that is a powder or dust directly on
to the grain.
Fumigant: A substance or mixture of substances which produce a gas vapor, fume, or smoke
intended to destroy insects, rodents, or bacteria.
Grain spreader: When grain is loaded into the grain bin, it can first be put through a device that
disperses the grain out from the fall line and fills the bin uniformly rather than forming a cone in
the center of the bin.
Immersion: A pesticide application method where potatoes are totally covered with the pesticide
product. Immersion includes treatment of potatoes in flumes and dump tanks.
Marketing year: Refers to the period immediately following harvest of the crop through the
marketing or disposition of the crop.
Mixing pellets/tablets: A pesticide application method where the grain is mixed with pellets or
tablets. The pellets or tablets contain phosphine (aluminum phosphate) and form a gas. Phosphine
is used as an insecticidal fumigant.
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Pesticides: As defined by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
pesticides include any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying,
repelling or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a
plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. The three classes of pesticides presented in this report and
the pests targeted are: insecticides - insects, fungicides - fungi, and other chemicals - other forms
of life. Miticides and nematicides are included as insecticides while, growth regulators and
sanitizers are included as other chemicals.
Postharvest: After the commodity is harvested from the field, any subsequent activity is termed
postharvest. Postharvest chemical usage refers to chemical applications after the commodity is
taken from the field.
Phosphine pellet dispenser: Manually or automatically dispenses phosphine pellets to a stream of
grain as it is loaded.
Power probe: A fully integrated mechanized system for sampling stationary lots of grain in
trucks or other conveyance. It obtains a representative sample by inserting a probe into the grain,
opening the probe to allow grain to enter, closing, and then the sample is pneumatically withdrawn
from the probe.
Processor: Operations that change the form of the commodity. They may have storage facilities
as well.
Protein analyzer: Usually infrared analyzers that can, within a matter of minutes, determine the
composition of grain. Values obtained can include protein, oil, starch content, moisture content,
and kernel density.
Re-circulation fumigation device: A fan that is combined with PVC pipe on the outside of a grain
or potato storage unit. The PVC runs from the top, down the sides, through the fan, and into the
bottom of the grain storage unit. Rather than probing fumigant pellets into the grain mass from the
surface of the grains, you can use a much lower concentration of fumigant and place the pellets in
the PVC pipe from outside of the grain storage unit. Advantages include using less chemical,
increased worker safety, and more uniform distribution of the gas since the fans force the fumigant
throughout the grain mass.
Temperature cable: Cable running from top to bottom in a storage unit that automatically
measures grain temperature and outputs this information to a central system.
Top Dress: Spraying the top of the grain with a pesticide product. Its primary purpose is to treat
the space between the top of the grain and the top of the bin for insects.

Trade name: A name given to a specific formulation of a pesticide product. A formulation
contains a specific concentration of the active ingredient, carrier materials, and other ingredients
such as emulsifiers and wetting agents. Some formulations, as in the case of pre-mixes, can contain
more than one active ingredient.

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Volume handled: The amount of a commodity handled by the market segment. In this release, it
is the total amount of a commodity summarized in the particular table that passed through the
firms.
Volume treated: The percentage of volume handled receiving one or more applications of a
specific agricultural chemical. This report does not contain total quantity treatments. However,
total quantity treatments can be calculated by multiplying the total volume handled by the percent
of volume treated and the average number of applications.

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Pesticide Classes, Common Names, and Trade Names
The following is a list of the pesticide classes, common names, and trade names of active ingredients in this
publication. The classes are Insecticide(I), Fungicides (F), and Other chemicals (O). This list is provided as an aid
in reviewing pesticide data. Pre-mixes are not cataloged. The list is not complete for all pesticides used on
postharvest commodities and NASS does not mean to promote the use of any specific trade name.
Classes
I

Common Names
Aluminum phosphide

Trade Names
Aluminum Phosphide 55%, Gastoxin Fumigation
Tablets, Fumitoxin Tablets (55%) Fumitoxin
Pellets, Phostoxin Pellets, Weevil-Cide 60% Pellets

F

Bacillus subtillis

Seranade Max, Serenada ASO

O
O
O
O

Calcium hypochlorite
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorpropham

HTH 300 Gram Tablets, Calcium Hypochlorite
Drench-Chlor
Oxine, OxyFresh, Purogene
IVI Sprout Block CIPC 98%,CIPC 7A, Decco 270
Aerosol, Decco 271 Aerosol, Decco 276 EC, Pin Nip
98.6, Sprout Nip 7A, Sprout Nip EC, Spud Nip-4,
CIPC 2 EC, CIPC 98A, Pin Nip EC 2 EC, Shelf Life
2EC, IVI Sprout Block 2 EC, Pin Nip Technical
Chlorpropham

I

Cyfluthrin

Tempo SC Ultra

F

Fludioxonil

Maxim MZ, Maxim 4FS

O

Hydrogen peroxide

OxiDate, Tsunami 100 aka Oxy-15, StorOx

I
I

Imidacloprid
Malathion

Tops-MZ-Gaucho
Malathion 57 EC, 6% Grain Protector, Malathion
Spray

F

Mancozeb

Mancozeb 6% Firbark, Maxim MZ, Tops-Mz-Gaucho

I
I

Methoprene
Methyl bromide

Dicaon II
Meth-O-Gas 100, Methyl Bromide 100

O

Napthalene

1,4SHIP RTU Aerosol, 1,4Sight, Amplify Sprout
Inhibitor

O

Peroxyacetic acid

Tsunami 100 aka Oxy-15

F
F

Phosphorous acid
Pseudo syring ESC-10

Phostrol
Bio-Save 10 LP

I

Silicon dioxide

Diatomaceous Earth Insecticide

O

Sodium hypochlorite

Agclor 310, Bleach, All Liquid Bleach, Sodium
Hypochlorite Sanitizer, Chlorguard II Chlorinating
Solution

F
F

Thiabendazole (TBZ)
Thiophanate-methyl

Decco Salt No.19, Mertect 340-F
Tops-MZ-Gaucho

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Report Features

Released March 28, 2007, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural
Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on "Agricultural Chemical
Usage" call (202) 720-6146, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET.
General Questions should be directed to Chief, Environmental, Environmental, Economics, and
Demographics Branch at (202)720-6146. Below are the commodity specialists to contact for
additional information.
Kevin Barnes, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch
Mark R. Miller, Head, Environmental and Demographics Section
Liana Cuffman, Environmental Statistician

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(202) 720-6146
(202) 720-0684
(202) 690-0392

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

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