Agricultural Surveys Program

	Cattle Survey
United States Department of Agriculture		National Agricultural Statistics Service
		July 2007

Through the biannual Cattle Survey, USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service measures trends in beef and dairy cattle inventories, calf crop and cattle operations.

HOW ARE THE DATA COLLECTED?

The Cattle Survey is conducted each January and July in all states except Alaska. The January survey includes nearly 50,000 cattle operations of all sizes, while the July survey includes a sample of nearly 10,000 larger cattle operations. Farm and ranch operators are generally contacted during the first two weeks of the month via:

• Telephone – Computer-assisted telephone interviewing is the primary method.

• Mail – Participants fill out and mail back the questionnaire that was mailed to them.

• Personal interview – Respondents can request an interview with a NASS representative.

HOW IS THE INFORMATION USED?

NASS publishes the survey results in the biannual Cattle report, which is generally released the latter part of the survey month. The January report provides state- and national-level estimates of total inventory, beef cows, milk cows, bulls, replacement heifers, other heifers, steers, calves and number of calves born during the previous year. The July report includes national-level estimates only.

This information is a critical decision-making tool for cattle producers and the cattle industry as a whole. For instance:

• Cattle inventory estimates provide an important baseline of beef and milk cow herd size. The

estimates of inventory, cattle on feed and calf crop enable producers and industry to evaluate

the number of cattle that will eventually move to market.

• Cattle inventory estimates help producers to make marketing decisions and plan for herd

expansion or reduction. Producers also rely on credible estimates of supply to minimize

swings in farm gate prices.

• Accurate estimates of beef cattle inventory help input suppliers, packers and government to

evaluate the expected slaughter volume for future months and to determine potential supplies

for export.

The information provided by survey respondents is confidential by law. NASS safeguards the privacy of all responses and publishes only state- and national-level data, ensuring that no individual operation or producer can be identified.

All reports are available through the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540.