Form 08-A062 2008 Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey

DUE FEBRUARY 17, 2009

OMB No. 0535-0234: Approval Expires 10/31/2011

2008 FARM AND RANCH IRRIGATION SURVEY
.

Form Number: 08-A062
(08/13/08)

National Agricultural
Statistics Service
Please return your
completed report to:
Census of Agriculture
1201 East 10th Street
Jeffersonville, IN 47132
OFFICE USE ONLY
0009

0010

0011
Please make corrections to name, address, and ZIP code if necessary.

Everyone who receives a form must return one by mail or via the Internet at www.agcensus.nass.usda.gov. Your report
is due by February 17, 2009. To fill out the paper form, use a black or pen ballpoint pen. Duplicate forms? If you
received extra report forms for the SAME farming operation, return all report forms in the same envelope with this
completed report.
Questions? Call us toll-free at 1-888-424-7828. Thank you for your cooperation.
SECTION 1

ACREAGE IN 2008

Report land owned, rented, or used by you, your spouse, or by the partnership, corporation, or organization named on
the label above. Include ALL LAND, REGARDLESS OF LOCATION OR USE - cropland, Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) land, pastureland, rangeland, woodland, idle land, farmsteads, etc.
Number of Acres

NONE

0025

1. All land owned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. All land rented or leased from others, including land worked by you on shares, used rent
free, in exchange for services, payment of taxes, etc. Include Federal, State and railroad
land leased on a per-acre basis. Exclude all land (i.e., private, Federal, State, railroad, etc.)
used on a per-head or animal unit month (AUM) basis under a grazing permit.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. All land rented or leased to others, including land worked on shares by others and land
subleased. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0026

+
0027

Number of Acres
0028

4. TOTAL ACRES in this operation (Items 1 + 2 - 3 = item 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

=

PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO REPORT
Notice: Response to this inquiry is required by law (Title 7, U.S. Code). By the same law, YOUR REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL and it will only be used for
statistical purposes. Your report CANNOT be used for purposes of taxation, investigation, or regulation. The law also provides that copies retained in your
files are immune from legal process.

-2-

SECTION 2

LAND IN 2008

Report all acres in this operation (SECTION 1, item 4) in column 1. If the same land had more than one use in 2008, report
that land only once in the first use listed below that applies.
For column 2, report all irrigated land in this operation for items 1 and 3. In addition to fully irrigated land, report as irrigated
any land to which partial, supplemental, or semi-irrigation was applied. Also include any acreage which received only
preplant irrigation (watered before planting). Hayland, pastureland, or rangeland should be reported as irrigated if spring
flood water was spread by canals, ditches, spreader dikes, pipes, or other works.
Column 1
1. Cropland – Report acres only once in one of the following categories:
a.

b.

c.

NONE

Cropland harvested - Include all land from which crops were harvested or
hay was cut, all land in orchards, citrus groves, vineyards, berries, and
nursery and greenhouse crops, Christmas trees, and short-rotation woody
crops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cropland used only for pasture or grazing - Include rotation pasture and
grazing land that could have been used for crops without additional
improvements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cropland – Include cropland used for cover crops, cropland on which
all crops failed, cropland in cultivated summer fallow, and cropland idle. . . . .

Column 2

Number
of Acres

NONE

Acres
Irrigated

0029

0030

0031

0032

0033

0034

0035

2. Woodland – Include woodland pastured and woodland not pastured. . . . .
3. Other pastureland and rangeland – Include any pastureland other than
cropland and woodland pastured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0037

4. All other land – Include land not reported above. Include land in
farmsteads, buildings, livestock facilities, ponds, roads, wasteland, etc.. .

0039

5. TOTAL ACRES - Add acres in each column and enter the totals.
(Column 1 total should be same as SECTION 1, item 4.). . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

0038

Number of Acres

Acres Irrrigated

0041

0042

NOTE: If the total acres irrigated in column 2, item 5 is “0”,
go to SECTION 21.
State

County Name

6. For this operation what county and State had the most irrigated acres?. .
SECTION 3

0950

0951

GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS IN 2008

1. During 2008, did this operation receive direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, loan deficiency payments,
marketing loan gains, or participate in any quota programs or any buy-out programs?
0691

1

Yes

2

No

2. Does this operation currently participate, or has it participated in the past five years, in a government
payment program or technical assistance program for irrrigation and/or drainage improvements?
(Payment programs may include cost-share or incentive payments or only technical assistance for
system design or on-farm management.)
0795

1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to SECTION 4

a. Mark (X) all programs that apply –
0698

1

USDA - Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) - Please check program →

0794
1
2
3

EQIP – general
Klamath River Basin
Ground and Surface
Water Conservation

3

Other USDA conservation payment programs (CSP, CRP, WRP, FWP, GRP, etc.)
USDA-NRCS Conservation Technical Assistance program

4

Non-USDA Federal programs – Include EPA, Bureau of Reclamation, or other programs

5

State programs (including CREP), local water management programs, or supply district programs

6

Other – Specify: _________________________________________________________________________________________

2

-3-

SECTION 4

METHOD OF WATER DISTRIBUTION ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

Report acres irrigated by each type of ON FIELD distribution or delivery system listed below. If same land was irrigated by
more than one method of distribution, report acres irrigated by each method used.
DO NOT report information for the delivery system used to convey water from the source to the field. Report information for
the field distribution system.
Acres Irrigated by Gravity System
(Field Water Conveyance System)

1. Gravity irrigation

None

Total

Open
Un-lined
Ditch

Open
Lined
Ditch

Poly Tubing
Above
(or other
Ground
single-year- Pipe(except
use, lay-flat poly-tubing)
1
tubing)

UnderGround
Pipe 2

0855

0859

0857

0056

0057

0858

b. Controlled flooding (between
borders or within basins). . . . . .

0865

0869

0867

0066

0067

0868

c.

0875

0879

0877

0076

0077

0878

0885

0889

0887

0086

0087

0888

a. Down rows or furrows. . . . . . . .

Uncontrolled flooding
(rangeland, pastureland, etc.)..

d. Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2

Include gated-pipe and riser or hydrant systems connected to above ground pipe.
Include riser or hydrant systems connected to underground pipe.

Acres Irrigated by Sprinkler System
2. Sprinkler irrigation – Inlet pressure

None

Very Low
Pressure

(Under 15 PSI)

Low
Pressure

(15 to 29 PSI)

Medium
Pressure

(30 to 59 PSI)

High
Pressure
(60 PSI or
more)

0569

0576

0575

0570

b. Linear move tower systems (and other linear
continuous move drive systems). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0571

0577

0578

0579

c.

0568

0565

0566

0567

a. Center pivot systems (circle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Solid set and permanent systems (except lowflow micro systems). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

d. Mechanical move systems (i) Side roll, wheel move, or other mechanical move systems
and other discrete move systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acres Irrigated
(All pressures)

None
0240
0241

(ii) Big gun or traveler systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0242

e. Hand-move systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acres Irrigated
(All pressures)

3. Drip, trickle, or low-flow micro irrigation - except poly and lay-flat tubing
0248

a. Surface drip (on or above ground). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0246

b. Sub-surface drip (root zone). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Low-flow micro sprinklers, sprays (apply water at low pressure and are not
self-propelled or easily moved). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0247

4. Subirrigation – Water seepage, or use of a drainage system to maintain aquifer
water table at a predetermined depth. Exclude methods reported above.. . . . . . . . .

0249

c.

Acres Irrigated

-4-

SECTION 5

ACRES IRRIGATED, ESTIMATED QUANTITY OF WATER USED, AND OFF-FARM SUPPLIED
WATER USED ON THIS OPERATION BY SOURCE IN 2008

Report quantity of water in the unit or units of measure used most on this operation. If exact measurements are not available, give your
best estimate for quantity of water used. If total or average acre-feet cannot be estimated, give combined pumping capacity and duration
in days, or total depth of water applied, or flow quantities and duration of flow in days.

By Water Source
Surface Water

Ground
Water
(from wells)
1. Acres irrigated - Include cropland and pastureland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Estimated quantity of water used on this farm in 2008. Report for
only one of the following options, items a through e, in the unit used
most on this operation.

0444

a. Total acre feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0955

On Farm

acres

acres

0454

acres

Total Acre Feet
.____

0960

.____

0965

.____

Acre Feet Per Acre

OR

b. Average acre-feet per acre irrigated
(One acre foot covers one acre one foot deep). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0445

0450

0966

.____

.____

.____

Inches Per Acre

OR

c.

0449

Off-Farm
(All Suppliers)

Average inches applied per acre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0448

0453

0967

GPM

OR

d. Average gallons of water applied per minute (GPM). . . . . . . . . . . .

0446

0451

0447

0452

0968

Duration
(i) Total number of 24-hour day equivalents water was applied. .

0969

days

days

days

CFS

OR

e. Average flow in cubic feet per second (CFS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0956

0961

(i) Total number of 24-hour day equivalents water flow was
applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0957

0962

0970

Duration
0971

days

days

days

3. Did this operation receive any water from an off-farm source?
0457
Yes – Continue
No – Go to SECTION 6
1
2

Dollars
0456

a. Total cost of off-farm supplied water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
(i) If water was received at no cost, check . . . . . . . . .

0675

.00

No cost – Go to item 4 below.

(ii) Did the cost per unit of water (check one) 0667

1
2

Increase as the amount of off-farm supplied water used increased?
Remain the same as the amount of off-farm supplied water used
increased?

Decrease as the amount of off-farm supplied water used increased?
4. Supplier of off-farm water – How much of this operation’s off-farm water was supplied,
delivered, or transferred through a project financed, constructed, or managed by –
3

0664

a. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation? Include reclamation water delivered through
a local district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
4

0665

b. Other Federal agencies such as the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers,
Bureau of Indian Affairs, USDA small watershed project, etc.?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
4

0666

c.

All other suppliers – Specify: _______________________. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
4

None
Some
All
Unknown
None
Some
All
Unknown
None
Some
All
Unknown

-5-

SECTION 6

WATER TRANSFERS IN 2008

Report water leased or rented on an annual or multi-year basis for use off this operation when the permanent right to the
water was maintained by the operator. Include water rented or leased directly by this operation or this operation’s irrigation
provider.
1. Did this operation rent or lease water to others for use off this operation in 2008? Include both agricultural and nonagricultural purposes.
0531

1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to SECTION 7

Water Quantity
None

2. Report the quantity of water transferred to others in 2008 for each source listed -

(Acre Feet)

a. Ground water from on-farm wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0532

b. Surface water from on-farm sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0533

c.

0534

Water normally received from an off-farm supplier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Mark (X) below all uses or recipients of transferred water –
0535

Other agricultural producers
Municipal or industrial water users
Environmental uses (water quality, in-stream flow, habitat improvement)
Unknown use of transferred water - If unknown, check Item (a) or (b) below

1
2
3
4
0536

1
2

SECTION 7

(a) Water was part of a pool used by several producers
(b) Water rented or leased was arranged by your irrigation provider

EXPENDITURES FOR IRRIGATION FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

Report expenditures, purpose, and sources of funding assistance in 2008 for the construction of irrigation facilities and
purchase of irrigation equipment and machinery on this operation. Include estimates of expenditures made by or shared
with others (landlords or government agencies), including programs such as Environmental Quality Incentive Program
(EQIP), etc. Report the cost of maintenance and repairs in SECTION 13.

None
1.

2.

3.

Total Expenditures
(dollars)

Purchase of new or replacement
irrigation equipment and machinery –
Include sprinklers, pipes, siphons,
nozzles, pumps, motors, engines, etc.
Do not include computers. . . . . . . . . . .

0511

New well construction or deepening of
existing wells – Include drilling costs,
cost of casing, and any costs to
prepare well for installation of pump.
Do not include cost of pumps or
motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0515

Construction or improvement of
permanent storage and distribution
systems – Include dams, ponds,
reservoirs, permanent ditches,
canals, flumes, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0519

$

0512

. 00

Land clearing and leveling for irrigation
purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
$

$

$

Computers, control panels, and
software for irrigation water
management.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

Replacement
Water conservation
New expansion

Replacement
Water conservation
New expansion

0520

. 00

1
2
3

1
2
3

. 00

1
2
3
4

No funding assistance
EQIP
Other USDA cost share program
Non-USDA cost share program

Replacement
Water conservation
New expansion

Replacement
Water conservation
New expansion

0525
1
No funding assistance
2
EQIP
3
Other USDA cost share program
4
Non-USDA cost share program

Replacement
Water conservation
New expansion

0546
1
No funding assistance
2
EQIP
3
Other USDA cost share program
4
Non-USDA cost share program

0545
1
2
3

No funding assistance
EQIP
Other USDA cost share program
Non-USDA cost share program

0521
1
No funding assistance
2
EQIP
3
Other USDA cost share program
4
Non-USDA cost share program

0524

. 00

1
2
3
4
0517

. 00

0544

5.

1
2
3

Primary Source of
Funding Assistance
(Mark (X) primary source)
0513

0516

0523

4.

Principal Purpose
of Expenditures
(Mark (X) principal
purpose only)

-6-

SECTION 8

ACRES HARVESTED AND CROP YIELDS ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

For each crop harvested, report separately the acreage and average yield from irrigated land and non-irrigated land.
Report harvested crops as irrigated if any water was artificially applied either before planting or during the crop growing
season in 2008. Report the crop as irrigated if water was applied to supplement rainfall, even if the amount of water applied
was not sufficient to obtain maximum yields.
Irrigated Crops
Include preplant and supplemental or semi-irrigation

Crops

1.

2.

Corn for grain or seed –
Exclude popcorn and
sweet corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corn for silage or greenchop –
Exclude popcorn and
sweet corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irrigated Acres
Harvested

None

0050

0060

0061

0063

0064

0065

0073

0074

0075

0083

0084

0085

0093

0094

0095

0103

0104

0105

0113

0114

0115

●___

Tons

●___

Bu.

0082

or
Bu.
0091

●___

Bu.

0092

or
Bu.
0101

●___

Bu.

0102

or
Bu.
0111

●___

Bu.

0112

or

Beans, dry edible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cwt.
0120

Other small grains
(oats, rye, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bu.

0072

0081

Soybeans for beans . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.

0055

or

Barley for grain or seed . . . . . . . . . .

Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0054

●___

Bu.

Wheat for grain or seed . . . . . . . . . .

8.

Inches
Per Acre
0053

0062

0071

Sorghum for grain or seed . . . . . . . .

0110

7.

0052

●___ Tons

0100

6.

or

Average
Non-Irrigated
Yield Per NonAcres
Irrigated Acres
Harvested
Harvested

or

0090

5.

Acre-Feet
Per Acre

Bu.

0080

4.

0051

Estimated Quantity of
Water Applied Per Acre
(Average)

or

0070

3.

Average Yield
Per Irrigated
Acres
Harvested

Non-Irrigated Crops

0121

●___

Cwt.

0122

0123

or
Cwt.

●___
0132

0130

0133

0134

0143

0144

or
●___

10. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures
(dry hay, greenchop, and
silage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0140

11. All other hay, including
small grain, other tame, and
wild hay (dry hay, greenchop,
and silage) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0150

0142

0141
Tons,
●___ dry

Tons,
●___ dry

●___
0152

0151

0145

or
0153

0154

0155

or
Tons,
●___ dry

●___

Tons,
●___ dry

-7-

SECTION 8
Continued

ACRES HARVESTED AND CROP YIELDS ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

For each crop harvested, report separately the acreage and average yield from irrigated land and non-irrigated land.
Report harvested crops as irrigated if any water was artificially applied either before planting or during the crop growing
season in 2008. Report the crop as irrigated if water was applied to supplement rainfall, even if the amount of water applied
was not sufficient to obtain maximum yields.
Irrigated Crops

Include preplant and supplemental or semi-irrigation

Crops

Irrigated Acres
Harvested

None

0550

Average Yield
Per Irrigated
Acres Harvested
0551

0161

0170

0165

0173

0174

0175

0183

0184

0185

0188

0189

0853

0854

0863

0864

0873

0874

0193

0194

0563

0564

0213

0214

0223

0224

0233

0234

Lbs.lint

●___

Lbs.

Tons

●___

●___

0187

Lbs.

or
●___

●___
0851

●___

0852

0975

or
●___

Cwt.
0861

●___

●___

0862

Cwt.
0985

or

Tomatoes in the open. . . . . . . .

●___
0870

Cwt.
0871

●___

●___

0872

Cwt.
0995

or

Lettuce and romaine . . . . . . . . .

●___
0190

Cwt.
0191

●___

●___

0192

Cwt.
0195

or
●___
0560

Cwt.

●___

Cwt.

0562

or

..................

●___
0210

●___

●___
0212

or
●___
0220

●___

●___

0222

or
●___
0230

20. Pastureland, all types . . . . . . . . . . .

0164

●___

0182

0186

0860

19. All other crops –
Specify: ________________________

0163

or
●___

Sweet corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18. Land in bearing and non-bearing
fruit orchards, citrus or other groves,
vineyards, and nut trees . . . . . . . . .

Lbs.

0172

0181

0850

17. All berries

0555

or

15. Tobacco, all types . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Potatoes – Exclude sweet
potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0554

or

Tons
0180

d.

0553

0162

0171

14. Sugarbeets for sugar . . . . . . . . . . . .

c.

Inches
Per Acre

●___

Lbs.
lint

13. Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

b.

or

0552
Lbs.

0160

a.

Acre-Feet
Per Acre

Average
Non-Irrigated
Yield Per NonAcres
Irrigated Acres
Harvested
Harvested

or

12. Peanuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16. All land from which vegetables,
potatoes, and melons were
harvested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Estimated Quantity of
Water Applied Per Acre
(Average)

Non-Irrigated Crops

0232

or
●___

-8-

SECTION 9

PRIMARY METHOD OF WATER DISTRIBUTION, APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN
IRRIGATION WATER, AND WATER SOURCE BY CROPS IRRIGATED ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008
PRESSURE and GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS I.D. CODES for column 1 below
PRESSURE SYSTEMS

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

GRAVITY SYSTEMS

Hand-move System
Solid or Permanent Set System
Side Roll or Wheel Line System
Big Gun System
Linear Move System (PSI less than 15)
Linear Move System (PSI 15 to 29)
Linear Move System (PSI equal to or greater than 30 and less than 60)
Linear Move System (PSI equal to or greater than 60)
Center Pivot System (PSI less than 15)
Center Pivot System (PSI 15 to 29)
Center Pivot System (PSI equal to or greater than 30 and less than 60)
Center Pivot System (PSI equal to or greater than 60)
Low-Flow Irrigation (drip, trickle, or micro sprinkler systems)
Other Pressure System – Specify type: ____________________________

15
16
17
18
19
20
21

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Siphon-Tube System (from unlined ditches)
Siphon-Tube System (from lined ditches)
Portal- or Ditch-Gate System (from unlined ditches)
Portal- or Ditch-Gate System (from lined ditches)
Poly-Pipe or Lay Flat Tubing System
Gated-Pipe System (not poly-pipe)
Improved Gated Pipe (surge flow or cablegation,
system, but not poly pipe)
22 = Subirrigation
23 = Open Discharge from well or pump
24 = Other Gravity System – Specify type: ___________

For each crop irrigated, report separately the primary distribution method, chemigation, and water source. Report only
irrigated crops. Refer to the table above for ID codes for column 1.

Irrigated Crops

Primary Method of
Water Distribution
(Enter Irrigation System I.D. Code
from Table above.)

Column 1
Enter system
code

1.

2.

Corn for grain or seed –
None
Exclude popcorn and
sweet corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0250

Corn for silage or greenchop –
Exclude popcorn and
sweet corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0260

0251
ID

ID

Sorghum for grain or seed. . . . .

4.

ID

Wheat for grain or seed. . . . . . .

5.

ID

Barley for grain or seed. . . . . . .

6.

ID

Soybeans for beans. . . . . . . . . .

7.

ID

Beans, dry edible. . . . . . . . . . . .

8.

ID

Rice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other small grains
(oats, rye, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures
(dry hay, greenchop and silage).

0340

11. All other hay including
small grain, other tame, and
wild hay (dry hay, greenchop
and silage). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0350

9.

1

0255

0256

0262

0263

0264

0265

0266

0272

0273

0274

0275

0276

0282

0283

0284

0285

0286

0292

0293

0294

0295

0296

0302

0303

0304

0305

0306

0312

0313

0314

0315

0316

0322

0323

0324

0325

0326

0332

0333

0334

0335

0336

0342

0343

0344

0345

0346

0352

0353

0354

0355

0356

%
0331

ID

%
0341

ID

%
0351

ID

0254

%
0321

ID
0330

0253

%
0311

0320

0252

Well Water

Water from
Off-farm
Suppliers1

%
0301

0310

On-Farm
Surface Water

%
0291

0300

Pesticide
Application
(Acres)

%
0281

0290

How many of the crop acres were irrigated using –
Commercial
Fertilizer
(Acres)

%
0271

0280

Water Source
(Column totals may exceed acres of crop when
more than one water source was used.)

%
0261

0270

3.

Percent of
Irrigated Crop
Using System
I.D.

Chemigation Using
Irrigation System

%

Off-farm water supplies may include water purchased from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; a State, county, or local district; mutual, private, cooperative, or neighborhood
ditches; or commercial or municipal water systems.

-9-

SECTION 9
Continued

PRIMARY METHOD OF WATER DISTRIBUTION, APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS IN
IRRIGATION WATER, AND WATER SOURCE BY CROPS IRRIGATED ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008
PRESSURE and GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS I.D. CODES for column 1 below
PRESSURE SYSTEMS

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

GRAVITY SYSTEMS

Hand-move System
Solid or Permanent Set System
Side Roll or Wheel Line System
Big Gun System
Linear Move System (PSI less than 15)
Linear Move System (PSI 15 to 29)
Linear Move System (PSI equal to or greater than 30 and less than 60)
Linear Move System (PSI equal to or greater than 60)
Center Pivot System (PSI less than 15)
Center Pivot System (PSI 15 to 29)
Center Pivot System (PSI equal to or greater than 30 and less than 60)
Center Pivot System (PSI equal to or greater than 60)
Low-Flow Irrigation (drip, trickle, or micro sprinkler systems)
Other Pressure System – Specify type: ____________________________

15
16
17
18
19
20
21

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Siphon-Tube System (from unlined ditches)
Siphon-Tube System (from lined ditches)
Portal- or Ditch-Gate System (from unlined ditches)
Portal- or Ditch-Gate System (from lined ditches)
Poly-Pipe or Lay Flat Tubing System
Gated-Pipe System (not poly-pipe)
Improved Gated Pipe (surge flow or cablegation,
system, but not poly pipe)
22 = Subirrigation
23 = Open Discharge from well or pump
24 = Other Gravity System – Specify type: ___________

For each crop irrigated, report separately the primary distribution method, chemigation, and water source. Report only
irrigated crops. Refer to the table above for ID codes for column 1.

Irrigated Crops

Primary Method of
Water Distribution
(Enter Irrigation System I.D. Code
from Table above.)

Column 1
Enter system
code

0581

None 0580

12. Peanuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID
0360

13. Cotton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID

14. Sugarbeets for sugar. . . . . . . . .

ID

15. Tobacco, all types. . . . . . . . . . .

ID

Sweet corn. . . . . . . . . . . . .

b.

Tomatoes in the open. . . . .

ID

c.

Lettuce and romaine. . . . . .

d.

Potatoes – Exclude
sweet potatoes. . . . . . . . . .

19. All other crops –
Specify: ____________________

0420

1

0366

0372

0373

0374

0375

0376

0382

0383

0384

0385

0386

0923

0393

0413

0423

%

0433

0432
%

.___

.___
0416

.___
0425

.___

.___
0426

.___
0435

.___

.___
0596

.___

.___

0434
.___

.___

0415

0424

.___
0396

0595
.___

.___

.___

0926

0395

0414

.___

.___

.___

.___

.___

0916

0925

0594
.___

.___

0422

0431

.___

.___

.___

.___
0394

0593

0906

0915

0924

.___

.___

.___

.___

.___

0905

0914

.___
0480

.___

.___

.___

.___

%

0904

0913

.___
0479

.___

.___

.___

0412

0421
ID

0903

0592

.___
0478

.___

.___

%

ID

0477
.___

%

0411

.___

.___

0392

0591

ID

0365

0922

0391

0430

20. Pastureland, all types. . . . . . . . .

0364

%

ID

18. Land in bearing and nonbearing fruit orchards,
citrus or other groves,
vineyards, and nut trees. . . . . . .

0363

0912

0921

ID

0410

0362

%

ID

17. All berries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0586

0902

0911

0590

0585

%

ID

0390

0584

0476

0901

0920

Water from
Off-farm
Suppliers1

Well Water

0583

%

ID
0910

On-Farm
Surface Water

0582

%
0475

0900

a.

Pesticide
Application
(Acres)

%
0381

0474

How many of the crop acres were irrigated using –
Commercial
Fertilizer
(Acres)

%
0371

0380

Water Source
(Columns may not add to total acres of crop
when more than one water source was used.)

%
0361

0370

16. All land from which
vegetables, potatoes, and
melons were harvested . . . . . . .

Percent of
Irrigated Crop
Using System
I.D.

Chemigation Using
Irrigation System

.___
0436

.___

Off-farm water supplies may include water purchased from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; a State, county, or local district; mutual, private, cooperative, or neighborhood
ditches; or commercial or municipal water systems.

.___

- 10 -

SECTION 10

NUMBER OF IRRIGATION WELLS ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008, INCLUDING WELL DEPTH, AND
PUMPING CAPACITY

1. Did this operation irrigate with water from wells in 2008?
0760

1

Yes – Continue

No – Go to SECTION 11

2

Number
0460

2. How many wells were used in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Well #
a. Report for the
first 3 primary
wells pumped
in 2008

Depth to
Water at Start
of Irrigation
Season
(Feet)

Depth
of Well
(Feet)

Depth to
Bowls or
Impellers
(Feet)

Pump
Capacity –
Discharge
From Well
(GPM)

Operating
Pressure
at Well
Head
(PSI)

Size of
Engine
for All
Motors,
Including
Electric
(HP)

Total
Hours
Operated
(For the
Season)

0461

0462

0463

0464

0676

0761

0762

0465

0466

0467

0468

0677

0763

0764

0469

0470

0471

0472

0678

0765

0766

1. . . . . . . . .
2. . . . . . . . .
3. . . . . . . . .

Average
Pump
Average Depth Average Depth
Capacity –
to
to Water at Start
Discharge
Bowls or
of Irrigation
from Well
Impellers
Season
(GPM)
(Feet)
(Feet)

Average
Depth
of Well
(Feet)

b. Report for all other wells
pumped in 2008. . . . . . . . . . . .

0481

0482

0483

0484

Average
Operating
Pressure
at Well
Head
(PSI)
0681

Average
Size of
Engine
for All
Motors,
Including
Electric
(HP)
0767

Total
Hours
Operated
(For the
Season)
0768

Number

None
0770

3. How many pumping stations (wells from item 2 above with associated piping systems) used
backflow prevention devices (check valves) in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acres
0771

a. In 2008, how many acres were irrigated with these (item 3) wells?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number
0683

4. How many wells from item 2 above had flow meters or other flow measurement devices?. . . . .
Acres
0772

a. In 2008, how many acres were irrigated with these (item 4) systems?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Has the average depth to water for the wells supplying this operation changed in the last five years?
0773

1

Yes – Continue

No – Go to item 6 below

2
0487

a. If yes, check one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2

Increased depth
Decreased depth
Number

None
0486

6. How many of the wells used in 2008 are free flowing (artesian wells)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number

None

7. How many wells were not used in 2008, but were capable of being used? Exclude
abandoned wells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0485

- 11 -

SECTION 11

PUMPS, OTHER THAN WELL PUMPS, USED FOR IRRIGATION ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

Report for all pumps on this operation, whether they were used or not in 2008.

None

Number of
Pumps

Vertical Lift
(Average Feet)

Discharge
Operating
Pressure
(Average PSI)

Discharge
Capacity
(Average GPM)

0490

0774

0491

0687

2. Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, rivers,
canals, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0492

0775

0493

0688

3. Relifting or boosting water within
system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0494

0776

0777

0778

1. Tailwater pits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION 12

ENERGY USE ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008 FOR PUMPING WATER BY POWER SOURCE

Report the expenditures for fuel and power used in 2008 for irrigation pumping by each type of energy used on this
operation. Include the cost of any additional charges such as the fuel adjustment charge or any other type of charge which
was based on the amount of power or fuel purchased. Include landlord’s share.

0495

None

Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0496
$

0498

Natural gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LP gas, propane, or butane. . . . . . . . . .
0504

Diesel and biodiesel fuel. . . . . . . . . . . .
0507

Gasoline and gasohol – Include
ethanol blends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2

0781

0500

0782

0503

0783

0506

0784

0509

0785

0780

0786

. 00

0779

Solar and other renewable. . . . . . . . . .

0497

. 00

0508
$

Surface Water 2

. 00

0505
$

Water From Wells1

. 00

0502
$

Acres Irrigated by Water Source

. 00

0499
$

0501

SECTION 13

Total Cost of
Energy Used
(Dollars)

Number of Wells
or Pumps

Power Source

Include only acres for wells reported in Section 10, Item 2.
Include only acres for pumps reported in Section 11.

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR COSTS FOR IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES ON THIS
OPERATION IN 2008

Report all expenses in 2008 for keeping irrigation equipment and facilities in working order. Include expenses for tune-ups,
oil changes, ditch and canal cleanout, repairs to pumps, motors, pipes, canals, and sprinkler systems, etc. Exclude
construction or improvement costs reported in SECTION 7.
1. Amount spent for maintenance and repairs of irrigation equipment and facilities in 2008
including maintenance of on-farm ditches. Include payments made by landlords. Give
estimate if actual figures are not available.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SECTION 14

Dollars
0510

None

.00

$

LABOR COSTS FOR IRRIGATION ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

Include gross cash payments to employees, including family members, before deductions for social security, taxes,
insurance premiums, etc. and payments for contract labor. Exclude customwork.
1. Cash wages paid for -

Dollars
None

a. Hired irrigation labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0787
$

.00

0788

b. Contract irrigation labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

.00

- 12 -

SECTION 15

IRRIGATION PRACTICES IN 2008

1. How did you decide when to schedule water use in 2008? Mark (X) all that apply –
0527
1

Condition of crop (observation)

2

Feel of the soil

3

Use of soil moisture-sensing devices such as moisture blocks or tensionmeters

4

Use of plant moisture-sensing devices such as pressure (chamber) bombs or infrared (IR) thermometer

5

Use of irrigation scheduling service, including commercial and government

6

Reports on daily crop-water evapo-transpiration (ET) use (Internet, newspapers, radio, TV, fax, and email)

7

Water delivered by irrigation organization in turn (no choice by water user)

8

Personal calendar schedule

9

Computer simulation models (not from a commercial service)

10

When neighbors began to irrigate

11

Other – Specify:

2. Did you have to discontinue irrigation during 2008 long enough to affect crop yields?
0669

Yes – Continue

1

2

No – Go to SECTION 16

a. Mark (X) all reasons that apply –
0670
1

Shortage of surface water (water from reservoirs, lakes, streams, water supply organizations, etc.)

2

Shortage of ground water (lowering water level of wells or depletion of ground water)

3

Irrigation equipment failure

4

Energy price increases or energy shortage

5

Poor water quality

6

Loss of water rights not due to voluntary transfers

7

Cost of purchased water

8

Other – Specify:

- 13 -

SECTION 16

OTHER USES OF IRRIGATION WATER ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

1. Report irrigation used for any of the following purposes –

None

Acres on Which
Applied
0440

a. Prevent freeze damage.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0441

b. Crop cooling to delay early budding, blooming, or to reduce heat stress
(cool crop canopy). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0442

c.

Leaching to remove salts from the soil (salinity control). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0488

d. Disposal of liquid livestock waste.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0439

e. To provide wildlife or waterfowl habitat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0443

f.

Other – Specify:

SECTION 17

_____________________________________________________

.................

WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

1. Did you use gravity irrigation systems to irrigate any of the acres on this operation (SECTION 4, item 1) in 2008?
0671
1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to SECTION 18

2. On how many acres did you use the following techniques?

None

Number of
Acres
0672

a. Irrigation water captured for further use (tailwater pits). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0789

b. Water restricted from running off by diking end of field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0673

c.

Surge flow or cablegation technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0684

d. Shortening of furrow length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0685

e. Limited irrigation set time or number of irrigations, to reduce water applied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0686

f.

Alternate row irrigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0699

g. Water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0790

h. Mulch or other types of row covers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0791

i.

Gravity system with laser leveling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

j.

Special furrowing techniques, such as wide-spaced bed furrowing,
compacted furrowing, or furrow diking –
Specify technique used: _______________________________________________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0674

- 14 -

SECTION 18

IMPROVEMENTS TO IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ON THIS OPERATION SINCE 2003 THAT REDUCED
ENERGY USE AND/OR CONSERVED WATER

Consider as an improvement changes in equipment or management practices. For example, retrofitting a sprinkler system
for low pressure operation or adopting irrigation scheduling as a management practice.
1. Have you implemented improvements to your irrigation system on existing irrigated acres since 2003?
0693
Yes – Continue
No - Go to item 3 below
2
1
2. What were the results of these improvements on a per-acre basis? Mark (X) all that apply –
0694

1

Improved crop yield or quality

2

Reduced energy costs

3

Reduced water applied

4

Reduced labor costs

5

Reduced fertilizer or pesticide losses

6

Reduced soil erosion

7

Reduced tailwater

8

Other – Specify: __________________________________________________

3. What are barriers to implementing improvements that might reduce energy and/or
conserve water in your irrigation system? Mark (X) all that apply –
0695

1

Investigating improvements is not a priority at this time

2

Risk of reduced yield or poorer quality crop yields from not meeting water needs

3

Physical field/crop conditions limit system improvements

4

Improvement(s) will reduce costs, but not enough to cover installation costs

5

Can not finance improvements

6

Landlord(s) will not share cost of improvements

7

Uncertainty about future availability of water

8

Will not be farming this operation long enough to justify new improvements

9

Other – Specify: __________________________________________________

SECTION 19

SOURCES OF IRRIGATION INFORMATION

1. What are the sources of information that you rely on for guidance in reducing irrigation costs or
to conserve water used for irrigation? Mark (X) all that apply.
0696

1

Extension agents or university specialists

2

Private irrigation specialists or crop consultants hired by owner or operator

3

Irrigation equipment dealers

4

Local irrigation district employees or others hired by the water supplier

5

Government specialists from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, local conservation district,
Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal and State agencies

6

Media reports or information in the press

7

Neighboring farmers

8

Electronic information services (Internet, DTN, Internet links to private or public data sources, etc.)

9

Other – Specify: __________________________________________________

- 15 -

SECTION 20

RECYCLED AND/OR RECLAIMED WATER USE ON THIS OPERATION IN 2008

Report recycled and reclaimed water use in 2008 separately. Recycled water is the reuse of surface or groundwater that
has already been used to irrigate a crop on the operation during 2008 (i.e. water recycled from a tailwater reuse pit).
Reclaimed water is wastewater that has been treated for non-potable re-use purposes. Include any reclaimed water used
from livestock operations or from off-farm wastewater sources such as municipal or industrial wastewater.
RECYCLED WATER
1. Did this operation use recycled water to irrigate any crops in 2008?
0600
Yes – Continue
No – Go to item 4 below
1
2

Acres
0601

2. How many acres on this operation were irrigated with recycled water during 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Identify the sources of recycled water used on this operation in 2008. Mark (X) all that apply –
0602

1

On-farm irrigation

2

Off-farm irrigation

3

Other – Specify: _______________________________

RECLAIMED WATER
4. Did this operation use reclaimed water to irrigate any crops in 2008?
0603
Yes – Continue
No – Go to SECTION 21
1
2

Acres

a. How many acres were irrigated with reclaimed water during
the 2008 crop year?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acre-Feet
or
b. How much reclaimed water was used for irrigation during
the 2008 crop year?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0605

0604

Gallons
0606

5. Identify the sources of reclaimed water used on this operation in 2008. Mark (X) all that apply –
0607

1

Municipal

2

Industrial

3

On-farm livestock operation

4

Off-farm livestock operation

5

Other – Specify: _______________________________

6. Was any reclaimed water used on this operation in 2008 purchased?
0608

1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to item 7

Acre-Feet

or

0609

Gallons
0610

a. How much reclaimed water was purchased in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dollars Per
Acre Foot
0611

b. What was the average cost paid for reclaimed water in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0612
.00

$

Dollars Per
1,000 Gallons

or

.00

$

7. Did this operation receive any payment for using reclaimed water in 2008?
0613

1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to SECTION 21

a. How much reclaimed water did this operation receive payment for
in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acre-Feet

or

0614

Dollars Per
Acre Foot
b. What was the average price received for using reclaimed water
in 2008?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dollars Per
1,000 Gallons

or

0616
$

Gallons
0615

0617
.00

$

.00

- 16 -

SECTION 21

IRRIGATED LAND IN 2007

Complete this section ONLY if you DID NOT irrigate any land

1. Was any land irrigated on this operation in 2007?
0528

1

Yes – Continue

2

No – Go to SECTION 22

2. Reasons for not irrigating in 2008 – Mark (X) all that apply –
0529

12

Sufficient soil moisture – no irrigation needed
Surplus soil moisture or flooding
Shortage of surface water (water from reservoirs, lakes, streams, water supply organizations, etc.)
Shortage of ground water (lowering water level of wells or depletion of ground water)
Irrigation uneconomical due to high fuel and power costs and/or low commodity prices
Abandoned irrigation because of land degradation (soil erosion, soil salinity, etc.)
Loss of water rights (not due to voluntary transfers)
Restrictions on water use
Sold or leased water rights or annual water allocation
Converted to non-agricultural use
Converted to an agricultural enterprise not requiring irrigation
Available surface water too salty due to drought conditions

13

Other – Specify: _________________________________

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

3. Do you consider your discontinuance of irrigation to be permanent?
SECTION 22

0530

1

Yes

2

No

VALUE OF FARM SALES IN 2008
0980

1. Report the gross value of agricultural products sold
from this operation in 2008. Include landlord’s
share. Mark (X) only one. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

$ 0 - $24,999

2

$25,000 - $49,999

3

$50,000 - $99,999

4

$100,000 - $249,999

5

$250,000 - $499,999

6

$500,000 - $999,999

7

$1,000,000 and over

Percent
0981

2. What percent of total sales were from irrigated crop sales?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%
0982

3. What percent of total sales were from non-irrigated crop or livestock sales?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

%

SECTION 23
PERSON COMPLETING THIS FORM – Please print

9910

Name: ___________________________________________________________________________________________

MM

DD

YY

Date: __ __ __ __ __ __

Telephone: ( ___ ___ ___ ) ___ ___ ___ - ___ ___ ___ ___
0099

Would you like to receive a free copy of the results of this survey in the mail?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

YES

2

NO

(The survey results will also be available on the Internet at http://www.usda.gov/nass in the fall of 2009.)

Thank you for your response
OFFICE USE
Response
1-Comp
2-R
3-Inac

Respondent
9901

1-Op/Mgr
2-Sp
3-Acct/Bkpr
4-Partner
9-Oth

9902

Mode
1-Mail
2-Tel
3-Face-to-Face

Enum.
9903

0098

Eval.
0100

Optional Use
0002

0003

S/E Name
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control
number. The time to complete this information collection is estimated to average 30 to 60 minutes per response.