Coke Oven Standard

Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
3.2. HPLC Column that will separate benzene from other components in the bulk sample being analyzed. The column used for validation studies was a Waters uBondapack C18,
30 cm × 3.9 mm.
3.3. A clarification kit to remove any particulates in the bulk if necessary.
3.4. A micro-distillation apparatus to distill any samples if necessary.
3.5. An electronic integrator or some other
suitable method of measuring peak areas.
3.6. Microliter syringes—10 µL syringe and
other convenient sizes for making standards.
10 µL syringe for sample injections.
3.7. Volumetric flasks, 5 mL and other convenient sizes for preparing standards and
making dilutions.
4. Reagents.
4.1. Benzene, reagent grade.
4.2. HPLC grade water, methyl alcohol, and
isopropyl alcohol.
5. Collection and shipment of samples.
5.1. Samples should be transported in glass
containers with Teflon-lined caps.
5.2. Samples should not be put in the same
container used for air samples.
6. Analysis of samples.
6.1. Sample preparation.
If necessary, the samples are distilled or
clarified. Samples are analyzed undiluted. If
the benzene concentration is out of the
working range, suitable dilutions are made
with isopropyl alcohol.
6.2. HPLC conditions.
The typical operating conditions for the
high performance liquid chromatograph are:
1. Mobile phase—Methyl alcohol/water, 50/
50
1. Analytical wavelength—254 nm
3. Injection size—10 µL
6.3. Measurement of peak area and calibration.

§ 1910.1029

Peak areas are measured by an integrator
or other suitable means. The integrator is
calibrated to report results % in benzene by
volume.
7. Calculations.
Since the integrator is programmed to report results in % benzene by volume in an
undiluted sample, the following equation is
used:
% Benzene by Volume=A × B
Where: A=% by volume on report
B=Dilution Factor
(B=1 for undiluted sample)
8. Backup Data.
8.1. Detection limit—Bulk Samples.
The detection limit for the analytical procedure for bulk samples is 0.88 µg, with a coefficient of variation of 0.019 at this level.
This amount provided a chromatographic
peak that could be identifiable in the presence of possible interferences. The detection
limit date were obtained by making 10 µL injections of a 0.10% by volume standard.
Injection
1
2
3
4
6

Area Count

................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................
................................................

45386
44214
43822
44062
42724

¯ =44040.1
X
SD=852.5
CV=0.019

8.2. Pooled coefficient of variation—Bulk
Samples.
The pooled coefficient of variation for analytical procedure was determined by 50 µL
replicate injections of analytical standards.
The standards were 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.10, 1.0,
and 2.0% benzene by volume.

AREA COUNT (PERCENT)
Injection No.

0.01

0.02

1 ................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................
5 ................................................................................................
6 ................................................................................................
X¯ =
SD =
CV =
¯ V¯ =
C

45386
44241
43822
44062
44006
42724
44040.1
852.5
0.0194
0.017

84737
84300
83835
84381
83012
81957
83703.6
1042.2
0.0125

[52 FR 34562, Sept. 11, 1987, as amended at 54
FR 24334, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 5508, Feb. 13,
1996; 63 FR 1289, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 20099, Apr.
23, 1998]

§ 1910.1029

Coke oven emissions.

(a) Scope and application. This section
applies to the control of employee ex-

0.04
166097
170832
164160
164445
168398
173002
167872
3589.8
0.0213

0.10
448497
441299
443719
444842
442564
443975
444149
2459.1
0.0055

1.0

2.0

4395380
4590800
4593200
4642350
4646430
4646260
4585767
96839.3
0.0211

9339150
9484900
9557580
9677060
9766240
..............
9564986
166233
0.0174

posure to coke oven emissions, except
that this section shall not apply to
working conditions with regard to
which other Federal agencies exercise
statutory authority to prescribe or enforce standards affecting occupational
safety and health.

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

(b) Definitions. For the purpose of this
section:
Authorized person means any person
specifically authorized by the employer
whose duties require the person to
enter a regulated area, or any person
entering such an area as a designated
representative of employees for the
purpose of exercising the opportunity
to observe monitoring and measuring
procedures under paragraph (n) of this
section.
Beehive oven means a coke oven in
which the products of carbonization
other than coke are not recovered, but
are released into the ambient air.
Coke oven means a retort in which
coke is produced by the destructive distillation or carbonization of coal.
Coke oven battery means a structure
containing a number of slot-type coke
ovens.
Coke oven emissions means the benzene-soluble fraction of total particulate matter present during the destructive distillation or carbonization of
coal for the production of coke.
Director means the Director, National
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, or his or her
designee.
Emergency means any occurence such
as, but not limited to, equipment failure which is likely to, or does, result in
any massive release of coke oven emissions.
Existing coke oven battery means a
battery in operation or under construction on January 20, 1977, and which is
not a rehabilitated coke oven battery.
Rehabilitated coke oven battery means
a battery which is rebuilt, overhauled,
renovated, or restored such as from the
pad up, after January 20, 1977.
Secretary means the Secretary of
Labor, U.S. Department of Labor, or
his or her designee.
Stage charging means a procedure by
which a predetermined volume of coal
in each larry car hopper is introduced
into an oven such that no more than
two hoppers are discharging simultaneously.
Sequential charging means a procedure, usually automatically timed, by
which a predetermined volume of coal
in each larry car hopper is introduced
into an oven such that no more than

two hoppers commence or finish discharging simultaneously although, at
some point, all hoppers are discharging
simultaneously.
Pipeline charging means any apparatus used to introduce coal into an
oven which uses a pipe or duct permanently mounted onto an oven and
through which coal is charged.
Green plush means coke which when
removed from the oven results in emissions
due
to
the
presence
of
unvolatilized coal.
(c) Permissible exposure limit. The employer shall assure that no employee in
the regulated area is exposed to coke
oven emissions at concentrations
greater than 150 micrograms per cubic
meter of air (150 µg/m3), averaged over
any 8-hour period.
(d) Regulated areas. (1) The employer
shall establish regulated areas and
shall limit access to them to authorized persons.
(2) The employer shall establish the
following as regulated areas:
(i) The coke oven battery including
topside and its machinery, pushside
and its machinery, coke side and its
machinery, and the battery ends; the
wharf; and the screening station;
(ii) The beehive oven and its machinery.
(e)
Exposure
monitoring
and
measurement—(1) Monitoring program. (i)
Each employer who has a place of employment where coke oven emissions
are present shall monitor employees
employed in the regulated area to
measure their exposure to coke oven
emissions.
(ii) The employer shall obtain measurements which are representative of
each employee’s exposure to coke oven
emissions over an eight-hour period.
All measurements shall determine exposure without regard to the use of respiratory protection.
(iii) The employer shall collect
fullshift (for at least seven continuous
hours) personal samples, including at
least one sample during each shift for
each battery and each job classification within the regulated areas including at least the following job classifications:
(a) Lidman;
(b) Tar chaser;
(c) Larry car operator;

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(d) Luterman;
(e) Machine operator, coke side;
(f) Benchman, coke side;
(g) Benchman, pusher side;
(h) Heater;
(i) Quenching car operator;
(j) Pusher machine operator;
(k) Screening station operator;
(l) Wharfman;
(m) Oven patcher;
(n) Oven repairman;
(o) Spellman; and
(p) Maintenance personnel.
(iv) The employer shall repeat the
monitoring and measurements required
by this paragraph (e)(1) at least every
three months.
(2) Redetermination. Whenever there
has been a production, process, or control change which may result in new or
additional exposure to coke oven emissions, or whenever the employer has
any other reason to suspect an increase
in employee exposure, the employer
shall repeat the monitoring and measurements required by paragraph (e)(1)
of this section for those employees affected by such change or increase.
(3) Employee notification. (i) The employer shall notify each employee in
writing of the exposure measurements
which represent that employe’s exposure within five working days after the
receipt of the results of measurements
required by paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2)
of this section.
(ii) Whenever such results indicate
that the representative employee exposure exceeds the permissible exposure
limit, the employer shall, in such notification, inform each employee of that
fact and of the corrective action being
taken to reduce exposure to or below
the permissible exposure limit.
(4) Accuracy of measurement. The employer shall use a method of monitoring and measurement which has an
accuracy (with a confidence level of
95%) of not less than plus or minus 35%
for concentrations of coke oven emissions greater than or equal to 150 µg/
m3.
(f) Methods of compliance. The employer shall control employee exposure
to coke oven emmissions by the use of
engineering controls, work practices
and respiratory protection as follows:
(1) Priority of compliance methods—(i)
Existing coke oven batteries. (a) The em-

§ 1910.1029

ployer shall institute the engineering
and work practice controls listed in
paragraphs (f)(2), (f)(3) and (f)(4) of this
section in existing coke oven batteries
at the earliest possible time, but not
later than January 20, 1980, except to
the extent that the employer can establish that such controls are not feasible. In determining the earliest possible time for institution of engineering and work practice controls, the requirement, effective August 27, 1971, to
implement feasible administrative or
engineering controls to reduce exposures to coal tar pitch volatiles, shall
be considered. Wherever the engineering and work practice controls which
can be instituted are not sufficient to
reduce employee exposures to or below
the permissible exposure limit, the employer shall nonetheless use them to
reduce exposures to the lowest level
achievable by these controls and shall
supplement them by the use of respiratory protection which complies
with the requirements of paragraph (g)
of this section.
(b) The engineering and work practice controls required under paragraphs
(f)(2), (f)(3) and (f)(4) of this section are
minimum requirements generally applicable to all existing coke oven batteries. If, after implementing all controls required by paragraphs (f)(2),
(f)(3) and (f)(4) of this section, or after
January 20, 1980, whichever is sooner,
employee exposures still exceed the
permissible exposure limit, employers
shall implement any other engineering
and work practice controls necessary
to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit except to the
extent that the employer can establish
that such controls are not feasible.
Whenever the engineering and work
practice controls which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to or below the permissible exposure limit, the employer
shall nonetheless use them to reduce
exposures to the lowest level achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory
protection which complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
(ii) New or rehabilitated coke oven batteries. (a) The employer shall institute
the best available engineering and

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

work practice controls on all new or rehabilitated coke oven batteries to reduce and maintain employee exposures
at or below the permissible exposure
limit, except to the extent that the employer can establish that such controls
are not feasible. Wherever the engineering and work practice controls
which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to
or below the permissible exposure
limit, the employer shall nonetheless
use them to reduce exposures to the
lowest level achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the
use of respiratory protection which
complies with the requirements of
paragraph (g) of this section.
(b) If, after implementing all the engineering and work practice controls
required by paragraph (f)(1)(ii)(a) of
this section, employee exposures still
exceed the permissible exposure limit,
the employer shall implement any
other engineering and work practice
controls necessary to reduce exposure
to or below the permissible exposure
limit except to the extent that the employer can establish that such controls
are not feasible. Wherever the engineering and work practice controls
which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to
or below the permissible exposure
limit, the employer shall nonetheless
use them to reduce exposures to the
lowest level achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the
use of respiratory protection which
complies with the requirements of
paragraph (g) of this section.
(iii) Beehive ovens. (a) The employer
shall institute engineering and work
practice controls on all beehive ovens
at the earliest possible time to reduce
and maintain employee exposures at or
below the permissible exposure limit,
except to the extent that the employer
can establish that such controls are
not feasible. In determining the earliest possible time for institution of engineering and work practice controls,
the requirement, effective August 27,
1971, to implement feasible administrative or engineering controls to reduce
exposures to coal tar pitch volatiles,
shall be considered. Wherever the engineering and work practice controls
which can be instituted are not suffi-

cient to reduce employee exposures to
or below the permissible exposure
limit, the employer shall nonetheless
use them to reduce exposures to the
lowest level achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the
use of respiratory protection which
complies with the requirements of
paragraph (g) of this section.
(b) If, after implementing all engineering and work practice controls required by paragraph (f)(1)(iii)(a) of this
section, employee exposures still exceed the permissible exposure limit,
the employer shall implement any
other engineering and work practice
controls necessary to reduce exposures
to or below the permissible exposure
limit except to the extent that the employer can establish that such controls
are not feasible. Whenever the engineering and work practice controls
which can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposures to
or below the permissible exposure
limit, the employer shall nonetheless
use them to reduce exposures to the
lowest level achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the
use of respiratory protection which
complies with the requirements of
paragraph (g) of this section.
(2) Engineering controls—(i) Charging.
The employer shall equip and operate
existing coke oven batteries with all of
the following engineering controls to
control coke oven emissions during
charging operations:
(a) One of the following methods of
charging:
(1) Stage charging as described in
paragraph (f)(3)(i)(b) of this section; or
(2) Sequential charging as described
in paragraph (f)(3)(i)(b) of this section
except that paragraph (f)(3)(i)(b)(3)(iv)
of this section does not apply to sequential charging; or
(3) Pipeline charging or other forms
of enclosed charging in accordance
with paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section,
except that paragraphs (f)(2)(i)(b), (d),
(e), (f) and (h) of this section do not
apply;
(b) Drafting from two or more points
in the oven being charged, through the
use of double collector mains, or a
fixed or moveable jumper pipe system
to another oven, to effectively remove

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
the gases from the oven to the collector mains;
(c) Aspiration systems designed and
operated to provide sufficient negative
pressure and flow volume to effectively
move the gases evolved during charging into the collector mains, including
sufficient steam pressure, and steam
jets of sufficient diameter;
(d) Mechanical volumetric controls
on each larry car hopper to provide the
proper amount of coal to be charged
through each charging hole so that the
tunnel head will be sufficient to permit
the gases to move from the oven into
the collector mains;
(e) Devices to facilitate the rapid and
continuous flow of coal into the oven
being charged, such as stainless steel
liners, coal vibrators or pneumatic
shells;
(f) Individually operated larry car
drop sleeves and slide gates designed
and maintained so that the gases are
effectively removed from the oven into
the collector mains;
(g) Mechanized gooseneck and standpipe cleaners;
(h) Air seals on the pusher machine
leveler bars to control air infiltration
during charging; and
(i) Roof carbon cutters or a compressed air system or both on the pusher machine rams to remove roof carbon.
(ii) Coking. The employer shall equip
and operate existing coke oven batteries with all of the following engineering controls to control coke oven
emissions during coking operations;
(a) A pressure control system on each
battery to obtain uniform collector
main pressure;
(b) Ready access to door repair facilities capable of prompt and efficient repair of doors, door sealing edges and all
door parts;
(c) An adequate number of spare
doors available for replacement purposes;
(d) Chuck door gaskets to control
chuck door emissions until such door is
repaired, or replaced; and
(e) Heat shields on door machines.
(3) Work practice controls—(i) Charging. The employer shall operate existing coke oven batteries with all of the
following work practices to control

§ 1910.1029

coke oven emissions during the charging operation:
(a) Establishment and implementation of a detailed, written inspection
and cleaning procedure for each battery consisting of at least the following
elements:
(1) Prompt and effective repair or replacement of all engineering controls;
(2) Inspection and cleaning of goosenecks and standpipes prior to each
charge to a specified minimum diameter sufficient to effectively move the
evolved gases from the oven to the collector mains;
(3) Inspection for roof carbon buildup prior to each charge and removal of
roof carbon as necessary to provide an
adequate gas channel so that the gases
are effectively moved from the oven
into the collector mains;
(4) Inspection of the steam aspiration
system prior to each charge so that
sufficient pressure and volume is maintained to effectively move the gases
from the oven to the collector mains;
(5) Inspection of steam nozzles and
liquor sprays prior to each charge and
cleaning as necessary so that the
steam nozzles and liquor sprays are
clean;
(6) Inspection of standpipe caps prior
to each charge and cleaning and luting
or both as necessary so that the gases
are effectively moved from the oven to
the collector mains; and
(7) Inspection of charging holes and
lids for cracks, warpage and other defects prior to each charge and removal
of carbon to prevent emissions, and application of luting material to standpipe and charging hole lids where necessary to obtain a proper seal.
(b) Establishment and implementation of a detailed written charging procedure, designed and operated to eliminate emissions during charging for
each battery, consisting of at least the
following elements:
(1) Larry car hoppers filled with coal
to a predetermined level in accordance
with the mechanical volumetric controls
required
under
paragraph
(f)(2)(i)(d) of this section so as to maintain a sufficient gas passage in the
oven to be charged;
(2) The larry car aligned over the
oven to be charged, so that the drop

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

sleeves fit tightly over the charging
holes; and
(3) The oven charged in accordance
with the following sequence of requirements:
(i) The aspiration system turned on;
(ii) Coal charged through the outermost hoppers, either individually or together depending on the capacity of the
aspiration system to collect the gases
involved;
(iii) The charging holes used under
paragraph (f)(3)(i)(b)(3)(ii) of this section relidded or otherwise sealed off to
prevent leakage of coke oven emissions;
(iv) If four hoppers are used, the third
hopper discharged and relidded or otherwise sealed off to prevent leakage of
coke oven emissions;
(v) The final hopper discharged until
the gas channel at the top of the oven
is blocked and then the chuck door
opened and the coal leveled;
(vi) When the coal from the final hopper is discharged and the leveling operation complete, the charging hole
relidded or otherwise sealed off to prevent leakage of coke oven emissions;
and
(vii) The aspiration system turned off
only after the charging holes have been
closed.
(c) Establishment and implementation of a detailed written charging procedure, designed and operated to eliminate emissions during charging of each
pipeline or enclosed charged battery.
(ii) Coking. The employer shall operate existing coke oven batteries pursuant to a detailed written procedure established and implemented for the control of coke oven emissions during coking, consisting of at least the following
elements:
(a) Checking oven back pressure controls to maintain uniform pressure
conditions in the collecting main;
(b) Repair, replacement and adjustment of oven doors and chuck doors
and replacement of door jambs so as to
provide a continuous metal-to-metal
fit;
(c) Cleaning of oven doors, chuck
doors and door jambs each coking cycle
so as to provide an effective seal;
(d) An inspection system and corrective action program to control door

emissions to the maximum extent possible; and
(e) Luting of doors that are sealed by
luting each coking cycle and reluting,
replacing or adjusting as necessary to
control leakage.
(iii) Pushing. The employer shall operate existing coke oven batteries with
the following work practices to control
coke oven emissions during pushing operations:
(a) Coke and coal spillage quenched
as soon as practicable and not shoveled
into a heated oven; and
(b) A detailed written procedure for
each battery established and implemented for the control of emissions
during pushing consisting of the following elements:
(1) Dampering off the ovens and removal of charging hole lids to effectively control coke oven emissions during the push;
(2) Heating of the coal charge uniformly for a sufficient period so as to
obtain proper coking including preventing green pushes;
(3) Prevention of green pushes to the
maximum extent possible;
(4) Inspection, adjustment and correction of heating flue temperatures
and defective flues at least weekly and
after any green push, so as to prevent
green pushes;
(5) Cleaning of heating flues and related equipment to prevent green
pushes, at least weekly and after any
green push.
(iv) Maintenance and repair. The employer shall operate existing coke oven
batteries pursuant to a detailed written procedure of maintenance and repair established and implemented for
the effective control of coke oven emissions consisting of the following elements:
(a) Regular inspection of all controls,
including
goosenecks,
standpipes,
standpipe caps, charging hold lids and
castings, jumper pipes and air seals for
cracks, misalignment or other defects
and prompt implementation of the necessary repairs as soon as possible;
(b) Maintaining the regulated area in
a neat, orderly condition free of coal
and coke spillage and debris;
(c) Regular inspection of the damper
system, aspiration system and collector main for cracks or leakage, and

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
prompt implementation of the necessary repairs;
(d) Regular inspection of the heating
system and prompt implementation of
the necessary repairs;
(e) Prevention of miscellaneous fugitive topside emissions;
(f) Regular inspection and patching
of oven brickwork;
(g) Maintenance of battery equipment and controls in good working
order;
(h) Maintenance and repair of coke
oven doors, chuck doors, door jambs
and seals; and
(i) Repairs instituted and completed
as soon as possible, including temporary repair measures instituted and
completed where necessary, including
but not limited to:
(1) Prevention of miscellaneous fugitive topside emissions; and
(2) Chuck door gaskets, which shall
be installed prior to the start of the
next coking cycle.
(4) Filtered air. (i) The employer shall
provided positive-pressure, temperature controlled filtered air for larry
car, pusher machine, door machine,
and quench car cabs.
(ii) The employer shall provide standby pulpits on the battery topside, at
the wharf, and at ther screening station, equipped with positive-pressure,
temperature controlled filtered air.
(5) Emergencies. Whenever an emergency occurs, the next coking cycle
may not begin until the cause of the
emergency is determined and corrected, unless the employer can establish that it is necessary to initiate the
next coking cycle in order to determine the cause of the emergency.
(6) Compliance program. (i) Each employer shall establish and implement a
written program to reduce exposures
solely by means of the engineering and
work practice controls required in
paragraph (f) of this section.
(ii) The written program shall include at least the following:
(a) A description of each coke oven
operation by battery, including work
force and operating crew, coking time,
operating procedures and maintenance
practices;
(b) Engineering plans and other studies used to determine the controls for
the coke battery;

§ 1910.1029

(c) A report of the technology considered in meeting the permissible exposure limit;
(d) Monitoring data obtained in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section;
(e) A detailed schedule for the implementation of the engineering and work
practice controls required in paragraph
(f) of this section; and
(f) Other relevant information.
(iii) If, after implementing all controls required by paragraph (f)(2)–(f)(4)
of this section, or after January 20,
1980, whichever is sooner, or after completion of a new or rehabilitated battery the permissible exposure limit is
still exceeded, the employer shall develop a detailed written program and
schedule for the implementation of any
additional engineering controls and
work practices necessary to reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit.
(iv) Written plans for such programs
shall be submitted, upon request, to
the Secretary and the Director, and
shall be available at the worksite for
examination and copying by the Secretary, the Director, and the authorized employee representative. The
plans required under paragraph (f)(6) of
this section shall be revised and updated at least every six months to reflect the current status of the program.
(7) Training in compliance procedures.
The employer shall incorporate all
written procedures and schedules required under this paragraph (f) in the
information and training program required under paragraph (k) of this section and, where appropriate, post in
the regulated area.
(g) Respiratory protection—(1) General.
For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer
must provide respirators that comply
with the requirements of this paragraph. Compliance with the permissible exposure limit may not be
achieved by the use of respirators except during:
(i) Periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and workpractice controls.
(ii) Work operations, such as maintenance and repair activity, for which engineering and work-practice controls
are technologically not feasible.

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

(iii) Work operations for which feasible engineering and work-practice
controls are not yet sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the
permissible exposure limit.
(iv) Emergencies.
(2) Respirator program. The employer
must implement a respiratory protec-

tion program in accordance with 29
CFR 1910.134 (b) through (d) (except
(d)(1)(iii)), and (f) through (m).
(3) Respirator selection. The employer
must select appropriate respirators or
combination of respirators from Table
I of this section.

TABLE I—RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FOR COKE OVEN EMISSIONS
Airborne concentration of coke oven
emissions

Required respirator

(a) Any concentration ..................................

(1) A Type C supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand or other positive
pressure or continuous flow mode; or
(2) A powered air-purifying particulate filter respirator for dust and mist or
(3) A powered air-purifying particulate filter respirator or combination chemical cartridge and particulate filter respirator for coke oven emissions.
(1) Any particulate filter respirator for dust and mist except single-use respirator; or

(b) Concentrations not greater than 1500
ug/m 3.

(2) Any particulate filter respirator or combination chemical cartridge and particulate
filter respirator for coke oven emissions; or
(3) Any respirator listed in paragraph (g)(3)(a) of this section.

(h) Protective clothing and equipment—
(1) Provision and use. The employer
shall provide and assure the use of appropriate protective clothing and
equipment, such as but not limited to:
(i) Flame resistant jacket and pants;
(ii) Flame resistant gloves;
(iii) Face shields or vented goggles
which comply with § 1910.133(a)(2) of
this part;
(iv) Footwear providing insulation
from hot surfaces for footwear;
(v) Safety shoes which comply with
§ 1910.136 of this part; and
(vi) Protective helmets which comply
with § 1910.135 of this part.
(2) Cleaning and replacement. (i) The
employer shall provide the protective
clothing required by paragraphs (h)(1)
(i) and (ii) of this section in a clean and
dry condition at least weekly.
(ii) The employer shall clean, launder, or dispose of protective clothing
required by paragraphs (h)(1) (i) and (ii)
of this section.
(iii) The employer shall repair or replace the protective clothing and
equipment as needed to maintain their
effectiveness.
(iv) The employer shall assure that
all protective clothing is removed at
the completion of a work shift only in
change rooms prescribed in paragraph
(i)(1) of this section.
(v) The employer shall assure that
contaminated
protective
clothing

which is to be cleaned, laundered, or
disposed of, is placed in a closable container in the change room.
(vi) The employer shall inform any
person who cleans or launders protective clothing required by this section,
of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to coke oven emissions.
(i) Hygiene facilities and practices—(1)
Change rooms. The employer shall provide clean change rooms equipped with
storage facilities for street clothes and
separate storage facilities for protective clothing and equipment whenever
employees are required to wear protective clothing and equipment in accordance with paragraph (h)(1) of this section.
(2) Showers. (i) The employer shall assure that employees working in the
regulated area shower at the end of the
work shift.
(ii) The employer shall provide shower facilities in accordance with
§ 1910.141(d)(3) of this part.
(3) Lunchrooms. The employer shall
provide lunchroom facilities which
have a temperature controlled, positive
pressure, filtered air supply, and which
are readily accessible to employees
working in the regulated area.
(4) Lavatories. (i) The employer shall
assure that employees working in the
regulated area wash their hands and
face prior to eating.

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
(ii) The employer shall provide lavatory facilities in accordance with
§ 1910.141(d) (1) and (2) of this part.
(5) Prohibition of activities in the regulated area. (i) The employer shall assure
that in the regulated area, food or beverages are not present or consumed,
smoking products are not present or
used, and cosmetics are not applied, except that these activities may be conducted in the lunchrooms, change
rooms and showers required under
paragraphs (i)(1)–(i)(3) of this section.
(ii) Drinking water may be consumed
in the regulated area.
(j) Medical surveillance—(1) General requirements. (i) Each employer shall institute a medical surveillance program
for all employees who are employed in
a regulated area at least 30 days per
year.
(ii) This program shall provide each
employee covered under paragraph
(j)(1)(i) of this section with an opportunity for medical examinations in accordance with this paragraph (j).
(iii) The employer shall inform any
employee who refuses any required
medical examination of the possible
health consequences of such refusal
and shall obtain a signed statement
from the employee indicating that the
employee understands the risk involved in the refusal to be examined.
(iv) The employer shall assure that
all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, and
are provided without cost to the employee.
(2) Initial examinations. At the time of
initial assignment to a regulated area
or upon the institution of the medical
surveillance program, the employer
shall provide a medical examination
for employees covered under paragraph
(j)(1)(i) of this section including at
least the following elements:
(i) A work history and medical history which shall include smoking history and the presence and degree of
respiratory symptoms, such as breathlessness, cough, sputum production,
and wheezing;
(ii) A 14″×17″ posterior-anterior chest
x-ray and International Labour Office
UICC/Cincinnati (ILO U/C) rating;
(iii) Pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC) and

§ 1910.1029

forced expiratory volume at one second
(FEV 1.0) with recording of type of
equipment used;
(iv) Weight;
(v) A skin examination;
(vi) Urinalysis for sugar, albumin,
and hematuria; and
(vii) A urinary cytology examination.
(3) Periodic examinations. (i) The employer shall provide the examinations
specified in paragraphs (j)(2) (i)–(vi) of
this section at least annually for employees
covered
under
paragraph
(j)(1)(i) of this section.
(ii) The employer shall provide the
examinations specified in paragraphs
(j)(2)(i) and (j)(2)(iii) through (vii) of
this section at least semi-annually for
employees 45 years of age or older or
with five (5) or more years employment
in the regulated area.
(iii) Whenever an employee who is 45
years of age or older or with five (5) or
more years employment in the regulated area transfers or is transferred
from employment in a regulated area,
the employer shall continue to provide
the examinations specified in paragraphs (j)(2)(i) and (j)(2)(iii) through
(vii) of this section semi-annually, as
long as that employee is employed by
the same employer or a successor employer.
(iv) The employer shall provide the xray specified in paragraph (j)(2)(ii) of
this section at least annually for employees covered under paragraph (j)(3)
of this section.
(v) Whenever an employee has not
taken the examinations specified in
paragraphs (j)(3) (i)–(iii) of this section
with the six (6) months preceding the
termination of employment the employer shall provide such examinations
to the employee upon termination of
employment.
(4) Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the
following information to the examining physician:
(i) A copy of this regulation and its
Appendixes;
(ii) A description of the affected employee’s duties as they relate to the
employee’s exposure;
(iii) The employee’s exposure level or
estimated exposure level;

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

(iv) A description of any personal
protective equipment used or to be
used; and
(v) Information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee which is not readily available to
the examining physician.
(5) Physician’s written opinion. (i) The
employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician
which shall include:
(a) The results of the medical examinations;
(b) The physician’s opinion as to
whether the employee has any detected
medical conditions which would place
the employee at increased risk of material impairment of the employee’s
health from exposure to coke oven
emissions;
(c) Any recommended limitations
upon the employee’s exposure to coke
oven emissions or upon the use of protective clothing or equipment such as
respirators; and
(d) A statement that the employee
has been informed by the physician of
the results of the medical examination
and any medical conditions which require further explanation or treatment.
(ii) The employer shall instruct the
physician not to reveal in the written
opinion specific findings or diagnoses
unrelated to occupational exposure.
(iii) The employer shall provide a
copy of the written opinion to the affected employee.
(k)
Employee
information
and
training—(1) Training program. (i) The
employer shall institute a training program for employees who are employed
in the regulated area and shall assure
their participation.
(ii) The training program shall be
provided as of January 27, 1977 for employees who are employed in the regulated area at that time or at the time
of initial assignment to a regulated
area.
(iii) The training program shall be
provided at least annually for all employees who are employed in the regulated area, except that training regarding the occupational safety and health
hazards associated with exposure to
coke oven emissions and the purpose,
proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices shall be

provided at least quarterly until January 20, 1978.
(iv) The training program shall include informing each employee of:
(a) The information contained in the
substance information sheet for coke
oven emissions (Appendix A);
(b) The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respiratory protective devices required in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section;
(c) The purpose for and a description
of the medical surveillance program required by paragraph (j) of this section
including information on the occupational safety and health hazards associated with exposure to coke oven emissions;
(d) A review of all written procedures
and schedules required under paragraph (f) of this section; and
(e) A review of this standard.
(2) Access to training materials. (i) The
employer shall make a copy of this
standard and its appendixes readily
available to all employees who are employed in the regulated area.
(ii) The employer shall provide upon
request all materials relating to the
employee information and training
program to the Secretary and the Director.
(l) Precautionary signs and labels—(1)
General. (i) The employer may use labels or signs required by other statutes, regulations or ordinances in addition to, or in combination with, signs
and labels required by this paragraph.
(ii) The employer shall assure that no
statement appears on or near any sign
required by this paragraph which contradicts or detracts from the effects of
the required sign.
(iii) The employer shall assure that
signs required by this paragraph are illuminated and cleaned as necessary so
that the legend is readily visible.
(2) Signs. (i) The employer shall post
signs in the regulated area bearing the
legends:
DANGER
CANCER HAZARD
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
NO SMOKING OR EATING

(ii) In addition, not later than January 20, 1978, the employer shall post
signs in the areas where the permissible exposure limit is exceeded bearing
the legend:

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
DANGER
RESPIRATOR REQUIRED

(3) Labels. The employer shall apply
precautionary labels to all containers
of protective clothing contaminated
with coke oven emissions bearing the
legend:
CAUTION
CLOTHING CONTAMINATED WITH COKE
EMISSIONS
DO NOT REMOVE DUST BY BLOWING OR
SHAKING

(m) Recordkeeping—(1) Exposure measurements. The employer shall establish
and maintain an accurate record of all
measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to coke oven emissions
required in paragraph (e) of this section.
(i) This record shall include:
(a) Name, social security number,
and job classification of the employees
monitored;
(b) The date(s), number, duration and
results of each of the samples taken,
including a description of the sampling
procedure used to determine representative employee exposure where applicable;
(c) The type of respiratory protective
devices worn, if any;
(d) A description of the sampling and
analytical methods used and evidence
of their accuracy; and
(e) The environmental variables that
could affect the measurement of employee exposure.
(ii) The employer shall maintain this
record for at lest 40 years or for the duration of employment plus 20 years,
whichever is longer.
(2) Medical surveillance. The employer
shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject
to medical surveillance as required by
paragraph (j) of this section.
(i) The record shall include:
(a) The name, social security number, and description of duties of the
employee;
(b) A copy of the physician’s written
opinion;
(c) The signed statement of any refusal to take a medical examination
under paragraph (j)(1)(ii) of this section; and
(d) Any employee medical complaints
related to exposure to coke oven emissions.

§ 1910.1029

(ii) The employer shall keep, or assure that the examining physician
keeps, the following medical records:
(a) A copy of the medical examination results including medical and
work history required under paragraph
(j)(2) of this section;
(b) A description of the laboratory
procedures used and a copy of any
standards or guidelines used to interpret the test results;
(c) The initial x-ray;
(d) The x-rays for the most recent
five (5) years;
(e) Any x-ray with a demonstrated
abnormality and all subsequent x-rays;
(f) The initial cytologic examination
slide and written description;
(g) The cytologic examination slide
and written description for the most
recent 10 years; and
(h) Any cytologic examination slides
with demonstrated atypia, if such
atypia persists for 3 years, and all subsequent slides and written descriptions.
(iii) The employer shall maintain
medical records required under paragraph (m)(2) of this section for at least
40 years, or for the duration of employment plus 20 years, whichever is
longer.
(3) Availability. (i) The employer shall
make available upon request all
records required to be maintained by
paragraph (m) of this section to the
Secretary and the Director for examination and copying.
(ii) Employee exposure measurement
records and employee medical records
required by this paragraph shall be provided upon request to employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary in accordance with 29
CFR 1910.20(a)–(e) and (g)–(i).
(4) Transfer of records. (i) Whenever
the employer ceases to do business, the
successor employer shall receive and
retain all records required to be maintained by paragraph (m) of this section.
(ii) Whenever the employer ceases to
do business and there is no successor
employer to receive and retain the
records for the prescribed period, these
records shall be transmitted by registered mail to the Director.
(iii) At the expiration of the retention period for the records required to
be maintained under paragraphs (m)(1)
and (m)(2) of this section, the employer

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§ 1910.1029

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

shall transmit these records by registered mail to the Director or shall
continue to retain such records.
(iv) The employer shall also comply
with any additional requirements involving transfer of records set forth in
29 CFR 1910.20(h).
(n) Observation of monitoring—(1) Employee observation. The employer shall
provide affected employees or their
representatives an opportunity to observe any measuring or monitoring of
employee exposure to coke oven emissions conducted pursuant to paragraph
(e) of this section.
(2) Observation procedures. (i) Whenever observation of the measuring or
monitoring of employee exposure to
coke oven emissions requires entry
into an area where the ues of protective clothing or equipment is required,
the employer shall provide the observer
with and assure the use of such equipment and shall require the observer to
comply with all other applicable safety
and health procedures.
(ii) Without interfering with the
measurement, observers shall be entitled to:
(a) An Explanation of the measurement procedures;
(b) Observe all steps related to the
measurement of coke oven emissions
performed at the place of exposure; and
(c) Record the results obtained.
(o) Effective date. This standard shall
become effective January 20, 1977.
(p) Appendices. The information contained in the appendixes to this section
is not intended, by itself, to create any
additional obligations not otherwise
imposed or to detract from any existing obligation.
[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 63
FR 33468, June 18, 1998]
APPENDIX A TO § 1910.1029—COKE OVEN
EMISSIONS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION SHEET
I.

ignate the following areas as regulated
areas: the coke oven battery, including topside and its machinery, pushside and its machinery, cokeside and its machinery, and the
battery ends; the screening station; and the
wharf; and the beehive ovens and their machinery.
II.

III.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT

A. Respirators: Respirators will be provided
by your employer for routine use if your employer is in the process of implementing engineering and work practice controls or
where engineering and work practice controls are not feasible or insufficient to reduce exposure to or below the PEL. You
must wear respirators for non-routine activities or in emergency situations where you
are likely to be exposed to levels of coke
oven emissions in excess of the permissible
exposure limit. Until January 20, 1978, the
routine wearing of respirators is voluntary.
Until that date, if you choose not to wear a
respirator you do not have to do so. You
must still have your respirator with you and
you must still wear it if you are near visible
emissions. Since how well your respirator
fits your face is very important, your employer is required to conduct fit tests to
make sure the respirator seals properly when
you wear it. These tests are simple and rapid
and will be explained to you during your
training sessions.
B. Protective clothing: Your employer is required to provide, and you must wear, appropriate, clean, protective clothing and equipment to protect your body from repeated
skin contact with coke oven emissions and
from the heat generated during the coking
process. This clothing should include such
items as jacket and pants and flame resistant gloves. Protective equipment should include face shield or vented goggles, protective helmets and safety shoes, insulated from
hot surfaces where appropriate.
IV.

SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION

A. Substance: Coke Oven Emissions
B. Definition: The benzene-soluble fraction
of total particulate matter present during
the destructive distillation or carbonization
of coal for the production of coke.
C.
Permissible
Exposure
Limit:
150
micrograms per cubic meter of air determined as an average over an 8-hour period.
D. Regulated areas: Only employees authorized by your employer should enter a regulated area. The employer is required to des-

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Exposure to coke oven emissions is a cause
of lung cancer, and kidney cancer, in humans. Although there have not been an excess number of skin cancer cases in humans,
repeated skin contact with coke oven emissions should be avoided.

HYGIENE FACILITIES AND PRACTICES

You must not eat, drink, smoke, chew gum
or tobacco, or apply cosmetics in the regulated area, except that drinking water is permitted. Your employer is required to provide
lunchrooms and other areas for these purposes.
Your employer is required to provide showers, washing facilities, and change rooms. If
you work in a regulated area, you must wash
your face, and hands before eating. You must
shower at the end of the work shift. Do not

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
take used protective clothing out of
change rooms without your employer’s
mission. Your employer is required to
vide for laundering or cleaning of your
tective clothing.
V.

the
perpropro-

SIGNS AND LABELS

Your employer is required to post warning
signs and labels for your protection. Signs
must be posted in regulated areas. The signs
must warn that a cancer hazard is present,
that only authorized employees may enter
the area, and that no smoking or eating is
allowed. In regulated areas where coke oven
emissions are above the permissible exposure
limit, the signs should also warn that respirators must be worn.
VI.

MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS

If you work in a regulated area at least 30
days per year, your employer is required to
provide you with a medical examination
every year. The medical examination must
include a medical history, a chest x-ray, pulmonary function test, weight comparison,
skin examination, a urinalysis, and a urine
cytology exam for early detection of urinary
cancer. The urine cytology exam is only included in the initial exam until you are either 45 years or older, or have 5 or more
years employment in the regulated areas
when the medical exams including this test,
but excepting the x-ray exam, are to be given
every six months; under these conditions,
you are to be given an x-ray exam at least
once a year. The examining physician will
provide a written opinion to your employer
containing the results of the medical exams.
You should also receive a copy of this opinion.
VII.

OBSERVATION OF MONITORING

Your employer is required to monitor your
exposure to coke oven emissions and you are
entitled to observe the monitoring procedure. You are entitled to receive an explanation of the measurement procedure, observe the steps taken in the measurement
procedure, and to record the results obtained. When the monitoring procedure is
taking place in an area where respirators or
personal protective clothing and equipment
are required to be worn, you must also be
provided with and must wear the protective
clothing and equipment.
VIII.

ACCESS TO RECORDS

You or your representative are entitled to
records of your exposure to coke oven emissions upon request to your employer. Your
medical examination records can be furnished to your physician upon request to
your employer.

§ 1910.1029
IX.

TRAINING AND EDUCATION

Additional information on all of these
items plus training as to hazards of coke
oven emissions and the engineering and work
practice controls associated with your job
will also be provided by your employer.
[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 63
FR 33468, June 18, 1998]
APPENDIX B TO § 1910.1029—INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES
I. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE GUIDELINES

A. Sampling (Benzene-Soluble Fraction
Total Particulate Matter).
Samples collected should be full shift (at
least 7-hour) samples. Sampling should be
done using a personal sampling pump with
pulsation damper at a flow rate of 2 liters
per minute. Samples should be collected on
0.8 micrometer pore size silver membrane filters (37 mm diameter) preceded by Gelman
glass fiber type A–E filters encased in threepiece plastic (polystyrene) field monitor cassettes. The cassette face cap should be on
and the plug removed. The rotameter should
be checked every hour to ensure that proper
flow rates are maintained.
A minimum of three full-shift samples
should be collected for each job classification on each battery, at least one from each
shift. If disparate results are obtained for
particular
job
classification,
sampling
should be repeated. It is advisable to sample
each shift on more than one day to account
for environmental variables (wind, precipitation, etc.) which may affect sampling. Differences in exposures among different work
shifts may indicate a need to improve work
practices on a particular shift. Sampling results from different shifts for each job classification should not be averaged. Multiple
samples from same shift on each battery
may be used to calculate an average exposure for a particular job classification.
B. Analysis.
1. All extraction glassware is cleaned with
dichromic acid cleaning solution, rinsed with
tap water, then dionized water, acetone, and
allowed to dry completely. The glassware is
rinsed with nanograde benzene before use.
The Teflon cups are cleaned with benzene
then with acetone.
2. Pre-weigh the 2 ml Teflon cups to one
hundredth of a milligram (0.01 mg) on a
autobalance AD 2 Tare weight of the cups is
about 50 mg.
3. Place the silver membrane filter and
glass fiber filter into a 15 ml test tube.
4. Extract with 5 ml of benzene for five
minutes in an ultrasonic cleaner.
5. Filter the extract in 15 ml medium glass
fritted funnels.

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§ 1910.1030

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–03 Edition)

6. Rinse test tube and filters with two 1.5
ml aliquots of benzene and filter through the
fritted glass funnel.
7. Collect the extract and two rinses in a 10
ml Kontes graduated evaporative concentrator.
8. Evaporate down to 1 ml while rinsing the
sides with benzene.
9. Pipet 0.5 ml into the Teflon cup and
evaporate to dryness in a vacuum oven at 40
°C for 3 hours.
10. Weigh the Teflon cup and the weight
gain is due to the benzene soluble residue in
half the Sample.
II. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES

A. General. The minimum requirements for
the medical examination for coke oven
workers are given in paragraph (j) of the
standard. The initial examination is to be
provided to all coke oven workers who work
at least 30 days in the regulated area. The
examination includes a 14″ × 17″ posterior-anterior chest x-ray reading and a ILO/UC rating to assure some standardization of x-ray
reading, pulmonary function tests (FVC and
FEV 1.0), weight, urinalysis, skin examination, and a urinary cytologic examination.
These tests are needed to serve as the baseline for comparing the employee’s future test
results. Periodic exams include all the elements of the initial exam, except that the
urine cytologic test is to be performed only
on those employees who are 45 years or older
or who have worked for 5 or more years in
the regulated area; periodic exams, with the
exception of x-rays, are to be performed
semiannually for this group instead of annually; for this group, x-rays will continue to
be given at least annually. The examination
contents are minimum requirements; additional tests such as lateral and oblique xrays or additional pulmonary function tests
may be performed if deemed necessary.
B. Pulmonary function tests.
Pulmonary function tests should be performed in a manner which minimizes subject
and operator bias. There has been shown to
be learning effects with regard to the results
obtained from certain tests, such as FEV 1.0.
Best results can be obtained by multiple
trials for each subject. The best of three
trials or the average of the last three of five
trials may be used in obtaining reliable results. The type of equipment used (manufacturer, model, etc.) should be recorded with
the results as reliability and accuracy varies
and such information may be important in
the evaluation of test results. Care should be

exercised to obtain the best possible testing
equipment.
[41 FR 46784, Oct. 22, 1976, as amended at 42
FR 3304, Jan. 18, 1977; 45 FR 35283, May 23,
1980; 50 FR 37353, 37354, Sept. 13, 1985; 54 FR
24334, June 7, 1989; 61 FR 5508, Feb. 13, 1996; 63
FR 1290, Jan. 8, 1998; 63 FR 33468, June 18,
1998]

§ 1910.1030

Bloodborne pathogens.

(a) Scope and Application. This section
applies to all occupational exposure to
blood or other potentially infectious
materials as defined by paragraph (b)
of this section.
(b) Definitions. For purposes of this
section, the following shall apply:
Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, or designated
representative.
Blood means human blood, human
blood components, and products made
from human blood.
Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present
in human blood and can cause disease
in humans. These pathogens include,
but are not limited to, hepatitis B
virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Clinical Laboratory means a workplace where diagnostic or other screening procedures are performed on blood
or other potentially infectious materials.
Contaminated means the presence or
the reasonably anticipated presence of
blood or other potentially infectious
materials on an item or surface.
Contaminated Laundry means laundry
which has been soiled with blood or
other potentially infectious materials
or may contain sharps.
Contaminated Sharps means any contaminated object that can penetrate
the skin including, but not limited to,
needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken
capillary tubes, and exposed ends of
dental wires.
Decontamination means the use of
physical or chemical means to remove,
inactivate, or destroy bloodborne
pathogens on a surface or item to the
point where they are no longer capable
of transmitting infectious particles and

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