Attachment J
(1) NCI. Risks Associated
with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and
Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Monograph No. 13, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074.
2001. Bethesda, MD, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute.
Ref
Type: Report
(2) Djordjevic MV, Stellman SD, Zang E. Doses of nicotine and lung carcinogens delivered to cigarette smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:106-111.
(3) Bridges RB, Combs JG, Humble JW, Turbek JA, Rehm SR, Haley NJ. Puffing topography as a determinant of smoke exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990;37:29-39.
(4) Kolonen S, Tuomisto J, Puustinen P, Airaksinen MM. Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1992;42:327-332.
(5) Federal Trade
Commission. Cigarette Report for 2001. 2003.
Ref Type: Report
(6) Djordjevic MV, Fan J, Ferguson S, Hoffmann D. Self-regulation of smoking intensity. Smoke yields of the low-nicotine, low-'tar' cigarettes. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16:2015-2021.
(7) Fischer S, Spiegelhalder B, Preussmann R. Influence of smoking parameters on the delivery of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette smoke--a contribution to relative risk evaluation. Carcinogenesis. 1989;10:1059-1066.
(8) Bernert, J. T.
Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. 2004.
Ref
Type: Slide
(9) Russell MA, Jarvis M, Iyer R, Feyerabend C. Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blood nicotine concentrations in smokers. Br Med J. 1980;280:972-976.
(10) National Center for
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Cigarette
Smoking-Related Mortality. Tobacco Information and Prevention Source
(TIPS) . 2006.
Ref Type: Electronic Citation
(11) Mendelson JH, Sholar MB, Goletiani N, Siegel AJ, Mello NK. Effects of low- and high-nicotine cigarette smoking on mood states and the HPA axis in men. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:1751-1763.
(12) Pickworth WB, Moolchan ET, Berlin I, Murty R. Sensory and physiologic effects of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes with differing nicotine delivery. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;71:55-61.
(13) Lee EM, Malson JL, Moolchan ET, Pickworth WB. Quantitative comparisons between a nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and conventional cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6:95-102.
(14) Pickworth W.B.,
Houlgate, P., Schorp, M., Dixon, M., Borgerding, M. F., and Zaatari,
G. A review of human smoking behavior data and recommendations for a
new ISO standard for the machine smoking of cigarettes. Report of the
AD HOC
WG9 Smoking Behaviour Review Team to ISO/TC 126 WG9. 8-10-2005.
Ref
Type: Report
(15) Surgeon General.
Tobacco use as drug dependence. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Chapter 4, 145-239. 1988.
Ref Type: Report
(16) Caraballo RS, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF et al. Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. JAMA. 1998;280:135-139.
(17) US Department of
Commerce, Census Bureau. National Cancer Institute Sponsored Tobacco
Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2001-2002). Data
files. 2004.
Ref Type: Report
(18) Cohen J. Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Erlbaum; 1988.
(19) Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav. 1999;24:115-120.
(20) Clark PI, Gautam S, Gerson LW. Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers. Chest. 1996;110:1194-1198.
(21) Eissenberg T, Adams C, Riggins EC, III, Likness M. Smokers' sex and the effects of tobacco cigarettes: subject-rated and physiological measures. Nicotine Tob Res. 1999;1:317-324.
(22) Perez-Stable EJ, Herrera B, Jacob P, III, Benowitz NL. Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers. JAMA. 1998;280:152-156.
(23) Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2001.
(24) Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M et al. Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res. 1999;59:590-596.
(25) Benowitz NL, Jacob IP. Individual differences in Nicotine kinetics and metabolism in humans. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmaceutics of drugs of abuse. NIDA Research Monograph 173, NIH Publication No. 97-4141 ed. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1997:48-64.
(26) Vivometrics.
Vivometrics LifeShirt® system receives U.S. Food and Drug
Administration 510(K) market clearance.
http://www.vivometrics.com/site/press_pr20020422.html Press Release.
4-22-2002.
Ref Type: Generic
(27) Paakko P, Kokkonen P, Anttila S, Kalliomaki PL. Cadmium and chromium as markers of smoking in human lung tissue. Environ Res. 1989;49:197-207.
(28) Navas-Acien A, Selvin E, Sharrett AR, Calderon-Aranda E, Silbergeld E, Guallar E. Lead, cadmium, smoking, and increased risk of peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 2004;109:3196-3201.
(29) Friberg L, Piscator M, Nordberg GF, Kjellstrom T. Cadmium in environment. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press; 1974.
(30) Institute of Medicine. Clearing the smoke: Assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
(31) Murphy SE, Link CA, Jensen J et al. A comparison of urinary biomarkers of tobacco and carcinogen exposure in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:1617-1623.
(32) Benowitz NL, Jacob P, III. Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994;56:483-493.
(33) Bernert JT, Jr., McGuffey JE, Morrison MA, Pirkle JL. Comparison of serum and salivary cotinine measurements by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method as an indicator of exposure to tobacco smoke among smokers and nonsmokers. J Anal Toxicol. 2000;24:333-339.
(34) Benowitz NL, Jacob P, III. Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine: disposition kinetics, effects and plasma levels during cigarette smoking. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;51:53-59.
(35) Benowitz NL, Jacob P, III. Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine: disposition kinetics, effects and plasma levels during cigarette smoking. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;51:53-59.
(36) Hecht SS. Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998;11:559-603.
(37) Hecht SS, Hoffman D. N-nitroso compounds and man: sources of exposure, endogenous formation and occurrence in body fluids. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1998;7:244-246.
(38) Hecht SS. Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2002;23:907-922.
(39) Hecht SS. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1194-1210.
(40) Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I, El Bayoumy K. The less harmful cigarette: a controversial issue. a tribute to Ernst L. Wynder. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001;14:767-790.
(41) Carmella SG, Akerkar S, Hecht SS. Metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in smokers' urine. Cancer Res. 1993;53:721-724.
(42) Carmella SG, Akerkar SA, Richie JP, Jr., Hecht SS. Intraindividual and interindividual differences in metabolites of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in smokers' urine. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:635-642.
(43) Karreth S, Lenk W. The metabolism of 4-aminobiphenyl in rat. I. Reaction of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl with rat blood in vivo. Xenobiotica. 1991;21:417-428.
(44) Linhart I, Frantik E, Vodickova L, Vosmanska M, Smejkal J, Mitera J. Biotransformation of acrolein in rat: excretion of mercapturic acids after inhalation and intraperitoneal injection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996;136:155-160.
(45) U.S.Environmental
Protection Agency. Toxicological review of acrolein (CAS No.
107-02-8): In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk
Information System (IRIS). EPA/635/R-03/003. 2003. Washington, D.C.
Ref Type: Report
(46) Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for
1,3 butadiene. Public Health Service. 1992. Atlanta, GA, US
Department of Health and Human Services.
Ref Type: Generic
(47) U.S.Environmental
Protection Agency. Health Assessment of 1,3-Butadiene.
EPA/600/P-98/001F. 2002. Washington, DC, National Center for
Environmental Assessment.
Ref Type: Report
(48) Melikian AA, Qu Q, Shore R et al. Personal exposure to different levels of benzene and its relationships to the urinary metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans,trans-muconic acid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002;778:211-221.
(49) Qu Q, Cohen BS, Shore R et al. Benzene exposure measurement in shoe and glue manufacturing: a study to validate biomarkers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2003;18:988-998.
(50) Qu Q, Shore R, Li G et al. Validation and evaluation of biomarkers in workers exposed to benzene in China. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2003;1-72.
(51) Qu Q, Melikian AA, Li G et al. Validation of biomarkers in humans exposed to benzene: urine metabolites. Am J Ind Med. 2000;37:522-531.
(52) Bayliss, D., Chen, C.,
Sonawane, B., and Valcovic, L. Carcinogenic effects of benzene: An
update. EPA/600/P-97/001A. 1997. Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment.
Ref
Type: Report
(53) Brzeznicki S, Jakubowski M, Czerski B. Elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene after human volunteer exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70:257-260.
(54) Jongeneelen FJ, Bos RP. Excretion of pyrene and hydroxypyrene in urine. Cancer Lett. 1990;51:175-179.
(55) Buckley TJ, Lioy PJ. An examination of the time course from human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to urinary elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene. Br J Ind Med. 1992;49:113-124.
(56) van Schooten FJ, Jongeneelen FJ, Hillebrand MJ et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in white blood cell DNA and 1-hydroxypyrene in the urine from aluminum workers: relation with job category and synergistic effect of smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:69-77.
(57) Watson C, McCraw J, Polzin G, Ashley D. Development of a method to assess cigarette smoke intake. Environ Sci Technol. 2004;38:248-253.
(58) Jenkins RA, Guerin MT, Tomkins BA. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: Composition and measurement. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC; 2000.
File Type | application/msword |
File Title | Attachment J |
Author | arp5 |
Last Modified By | arp5 |
File Modified | 2009-10-20 |
File Created | 2009-10-20 |