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Adult and Pediatric HIV/AIDS Confidential Case Reports
for National HIV/AIDS Surveillance OMB No. 0920-0573
HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2007
1
Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2007
Vol. 19
Percentages of persons aged 13 years and older living with HIV/AIDS
and population, by race/ethnicity, 2007—34 states with confidential
name-based HIV infection reporting
Note. Reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays.
* Includes 4,770 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
§ Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
† Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia 30333
The HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report is published annually by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National
Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta,
Georgia.
Data are presented for cases of HIV infection and AIDS reported to CDC through June 2008.
The HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report is not copyrighted and may be used and copied without permission.
Citation of the source is, however, appreciated.
Suggested citation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2007. Vol. 19. Atlanta: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009:[inclusive
page numbers]. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/.
Single copies
CDC National Prevention Information Network
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On the Web: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/
Confidential information, referrals, and educational material on HIV infection and AIDS
CDC-INFO (formerly, the CDC National AIDS Hotline)
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E-mail: [email protected]
Acknowledgments
Publication of this report would not have been possible without the contributions of the state and territorial
health departments and the HIV/AIDS surveillance programs that provided surveillance data to CDC.
This report was prepared by the following staff and contractors of the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention,
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC: Anna Satcher Johnson,
Xiaohong Hu, Denise Hughes, Michael Campsmith, Irene Hall, Joseph Prejean, Ruiguang Song, Qian An,
Zachary Myles, Marie Morgan (editing), Janet Brzuskiewicz (graphics), and Michael Friend (desktop
publishing).
The HIV/AIDS design element on the cover is used with the permission of the American Red Cross.
Federal Recycling Program
Printed on recycled paper
Contents
Contents
Commentary
5
Section 1 Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Table 1
Estimated numbers of cases of HIV/AIDS, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2004–
2007—34 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
12
Table 2
Time to an AIDS diagnosis after a diagnosis of HIV infection, by selected characteristics, 2006—34
states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
13
Table 3
Estimated numbers and rates (per 100,000 population) of new HIV infections in adults and
adolescents, 2006—50 states and the District of Columbia
14
Table 4
Estimated numbers of AIDS cases, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2003–2007 and
cumulative—United States and dependent areas
15
Table 5
Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in children <13 years of age, by year of diagnosis and race/ethnicity,
2003–2007 and cumulative—50 states and the District of Columbia
16
Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in children <13 years of age, by year of diagnosis, 1992–2007—
50 states and the District of Columbia
16
Figure 1
Table 6a Estimated numbers of cases and rates (per 100,000 population) of HIV/AIDS, by race/ethnicity,
2007—34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
17
Table 6b Estimated numbers of cases and rates (per 100,000 population) of AIDS, by race/ethnicity, 2007—50
states and the District of Columbia
17
Table 7
18
Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in adult and adolescent Hispanics/Latinos, by transmission category
and place of birth, 2007—United States and dependent areas
Section 2 Deaths
Table 8
Estimated numbers of deaths of persons with AIDS, by year of death and selected characteristics,
2003–2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
19
Section 3 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS, by year and selected characteristics, 2004–
2007—34 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
21
Table 10
Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2007, by race/ethnicity and
transmission category—34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
22
Table 11
Estimated rates (per 100,000 population) for persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with
AIDS, 2007—United States and dependent areas
23
Table 12
Estimated numbers of persons living with AIDS, by year and selected characteristics, 2003–2007—
United States and dependent areas
25
Table 13
Estimated numbers of persons living with AIDS at the end of 2007, by race/ethnicity and transmission
category—50 states and the District of Columbia
26
Table 14
Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with AIDS at the end of 2007,
by area of residence—United States and dependent areas
27
Table 9
3
Section 4 Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
Table 15
Proportions of persons surviving for more than 12, 24, and 36 months after an AIDS diagnosis in 2002,
by selected characteristics—United States and dependent areas
29
Figure 2
Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by year of
diagnosis—United States and dependent areas
30
Figure 3
Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by age
group—United States and dependent areas
30
Figure 4
Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by race/
ethnicity—United States and dependent areas
31
Section 5 Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 16
Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by area of residence, 2006, 2007, and
cumulative—United States and dependent areas
32
Table 17
Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by metropolitan statistical area of
residence, 2006, 2007, and cumulative—United States and Puerto Rico
34
Table 18
Reported and diagnosed cases of HIV infection (not AIDS), by area of residence, 2007 and
cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential namebased HIV infection reporting
38
Table 19
Reported AIDS cases, by transmission category and sex, 2007 and cumulative—United States and
dependent areas
40
Table 20
Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS), by transmission category and sex, 2007 and
cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential namebased HIV infection reporting
41
Table 21
Reported AIDS cases for male adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/ethnicity,
2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
42
Table 22
Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for male adults and adolescents, by transmission category
and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent
areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
45
Table 23
Reported AIDS cases for female adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/ethnicity,
2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
48
Table 24
Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for female adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
51
Table 25
Reported cases of HIV/AIDS in infants born to HIV-infected mothers, by year of report and selected
characteristics, 1994–2007—25 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
54
Technical Notes
55
Web Addresses for Reports of State or Local HIV and AIDS Surveillance
63
4
Contents
Commentary
In 1981, the first cases of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) were reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Since that
time, the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) epidemic has expanded to become one of the greatest
public health challenges, both nationally and globally.
More than 25 years after the first reports of AIDS, this
issue of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report marks the
reporting of more than 1 million AIDS cases since the
beginning of the epidemic in the United States. The
number of cases underscores the fact that despite significant advances in HIV testing, prevention, and
treatment in the United States, the human toll has been
substantial.
CDC’s national system for the surveillance of HIV
infection has evolved as our understanding of the epidemic has advanced. CDC developed the serologic
testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion
(STARHS), which uses HIV testing technology to
determine, at the population level, the positive HIV
test results that indicate new HIV infections (those
that occurred within approximately the past 5
months). The ability to distinguish recent from longstanding HIV infection by using STARHS enabled
the development of national incidence surveillance,
which has been integrated with the established
national HIV diagnosis surveillance system. HIV
diagnosis data, testing and treatment history, and
STARHS results are now used to estimate national
HIV incidence (the annual number of new infections).
The monitoring of trends in HIV incidence will help
CDC and state and local programs to better focus and
evaluate prevention efforts for the populations at
greatest risk—improvements that are critical in
achieving progress toward CDC’s goal of reducing
the number of new HIV infections in the United
States.
Before STARHS technology became available,
HIV diagnosis data provided the best indication of
trends in key populations; however, HIV diagnosis
data indicate when a diagnosis was made, not when a
person was infected (infection can occur many years
before a diagnosis). Despite the potential limitations
of using HIV diagnosis data as a proxy measurement
for HIV incidence, the data on HIV diagnosis con-
tinue to provide the best information on the distribution of HIV infection in areas that do not collect data
for HIV incidence surveillance and in areas without
sufficient incidence data. This report presents estimated numbers, percentages, and rates of new HIV
infections in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for 2006 (Table 3). Now that national HIV incidence surveillance has been established, CDC will
provide an updated estimate of incidence in the
United States annually.
This report presents estimated numbers of cases of
diagnosed HIV infection, including cases that progressed to AIDS, from the 39 areas (34 states and 5
U.S. dependent areas) that have had confidential
name-based HIV infection reporting for a sufficient
length of time (i.e., since at least 2003) to allow for
stabilization of data collection and for adjustment of
the data in order to monitor trends. According to the
number of reported AIDS cases, the 34 states with
long-term HIV infection reporting represent approximately 66% of the cases in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Georgia implemented confidential
name-based HIV infection case surveillance in
December 2003, and this issue of the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report marks the first time that HIV case
reports from Georgia have been included in the tabulation and presentation of estimates of HIV/AIDS.
From 2004 through 2007, the total number of new
cases of HIV/AIDS increased 15% in the 34 states.
This increase is likely due to changes in state reporting regulations and increases in HIV testing. Recent
estimates of new infections do not suggest an increase
in recent years. However, it is not possible to rule out
an increase in HIV infections because the estimation
models include a degree of uncertainty. In the future,
HIV incidence surveillance data will provide the best
indication of changes in trends in new HIV infections.
Data on trends in new HIV infections will be available
after at least 3 years of data have been reported from
the new system.
The figure on the cover depicts the race/ethnicity of
adults and adolescents living with diagnosed HIV/
AIDS and the race/ethnicity of the population residing
in the 34 states with confidential name-based HIV
infection reporting at the end of 2007. As shown in the
5
figure, disproportionate percentages of blacks/African
Americans and Hispanics/Latinos in the 34 states are
living with HIV/AIDS.
The 2007 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report is organized in 5 sections: (1) estimates of cases of HIV/
AIDS, incidence of HIV infection, and AIDS cases;
(2) deaths of persons with AIDS; (3) persons living
with diagnosed HIV/AIDS, HIV infection (not
AIDS), or AIDS; (4) length of survival after AIDS
diagnosis; and (5) reports of cases of HIV infection
(not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS. Sections 1–3
present point estimates of case counts that have been
adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor
information. CDC routinely adjusts data for the presentation of trends in the epidemic. Data to estimate
the number of cases of HIV/AIDS or AIDS; HIV incidence; the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS,
HIV infection (not AIDS), or AIDS; and the number
of deaths among persons with AIDS have been statistically adjusted to correct for delays in the reporting
of cases.
To assess trends in cases, deaths, or prevalence, it is
preferable to use adjusted data, presented by year of
diagnosis instead of year of report, to eliminate artifacts of reporting in the surveillance system. Therefore,
for trends, the reader is encouraged to use the tables in
Sections 1–3 that present trends by year of diagnosis,
year of death, or year-end prevalence. Section 4 presents estimates of survival for persons whose AIDS
diagnosis was made during 2002 (Table 15) and for
persons whose diagnosis was made during 1998–2005
(Figures 2–4). Proportions of persons who survived for
various lengths of time after diagnosis are presented by
year of diagnosis, age group, race/ethnicity, and HIV
transmission category. Because of delays in the reporting of deaths of persons with AIDS, CDC has revised
its protocol for calculating survival to allow more time
for the reporting of deaths (see Technical Notes for
additional information). As a result, survival after an
AIDS diagnosis is presented for the same data years as
in Table 13 and Figures 2–4 of the 2006 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report.
Finally, Section 5 presents reports of cases of HIV
infection (not AIDS) and cases of AIDS reported
through 2007. This report marks the first time that
HIV case reports from the District of Columbia,
Massachusetts, and Montana have been included in
the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. The areas
included in tabulations of reported cases of HIV
6
infection (not AIDS) are based on the date that confidential name-based HIV infection reporting was
implemented. For Tables 18, 20, 22, and 24, data from
53 areas (47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5
U.S. dependent areas) have been used to describe
reports of HIV infection. These data, which have not
been adjusted for delays in reporting, are presented by
year of report to CDC. Tables that present cases by
year of report represent the most up-to-date information reported to CDC; however, cases by year of
report do not represent incident cases, the most recent
diagnoses, trends, or deaths.
For tables presenting data by race and ethnicity, the
data are stratified by the following races and ethnic
groups: American Indian or Alaska Native, black or
African American, Hispanic or Latino, and white
(these classifications have not changed). The Asian or
Pacific Islander category displayed in previous HIV/
AIDS surveillance reports (annual and supplemental)
has been split into 2 categories: (1) Asian and (2)
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
HIGHLIGHTS OF ANALYSES
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and
Cases of AIDS
Cases of HIV/AIDS
From 2004 through 2007, the estimated number of
newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in the 34 states
with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
increased 15% (Table 1). In 2007, the estimated rate
of HIV/AIDS cases in the 34 states was 21.1 per
100,000 population (Table 6a).
• Age group: From 2004 through 2007, the
estimated number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS
cases decreased among children (less than 13
years of age) and persons aged 30–34 and 35–39
years (Table 1). The estimated number of HIV/
AIDS cases remained stable among persons aged
13–14 years and increased among persons aged
15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–
59, 60–64, and 65 years and older. In 2007, the
largest number of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses was
for persons aged 40–44 years, who accounted for
15% of all HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed during that
year.
• Race/ethnicity: From 2004 through 2007, the
estimated number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS
Commentary
cases increased among all races and ethnicity
(Table 1). Blacks/African Americans accounted
for 51% of all HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in
2007. In 2007, rates of HIV/AIDS cases were
76.7 per 100,000 in the black/African American
population, 34.6 per 100,000 in the Native
Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander population, 27.7
per 100,000 in the Hispanic/Latino population,
12.8 per 100,000 in the American Indian/Alaska
Native population, 9.2 per 100,000 in the white
population, and 7.7 per 100,000 in the Asian
population (Table 6a).
• Sex: From 2004 through 2007, the estimated
number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases
increased approximately 18% among males and
8% among females (Table 1). In 2007, males
accounted for 74% of all HIV/AIDS cases among
adults and adolescents. In 2007, HIV/AIDS rates
among adults and adolescents were 38.8 per
100,000 among males and 12.9 per 100,000
among females (Table 6a).
• Transmission category: Among men, from 2004
through 2007, the estimated number of newly
diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases increased among
men who have sex with men (MSM) and
remained stable among injection drug users
(IDUs) (Table 1). The estimated numbers of HIV/
AIDS diagnoses increased among male and
female adults and adolescents with HIV infection
attributed to high-risk heterosexual contact
(heterosexual contact with a person known to
have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection). The
estimated numbers of newly diagnosed HIV/
AIDS cases decreased among female IDUs,
MSM who were also IDUs, and among children.
MSM (53%) and persons exposed through highrisk heterosexual contact (32%) accounted for
85% of all HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in the 34
states in 2007.
Of all HIV infections diagnosed in 2006 in the 34
states with confidential name-based HIV reporting,
36% progressed to AIDS within 12 months after HIV
infection was diagnosed. AIDS was diagnosed within
12 months after the diagnosis of HIV infection for
larger percentages of persons aged 35 years and older,
Hispanics/Latinos, male IDUs, and males with HIV
infection attributed to high-risk heterosexual contact
(Table 2).
HIV incidence
The estimated number of new HIV infections in
adults and adolescents in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia in 2006 was 56,300. The overall rate of
new HIV infections was 22.8 per 100,000 (Table 3).
• Sex: In 2006, males accounted for an estimated
41,400 (73%) new HIV infections, and females
accounted for an estimated 15,000 (27%). The
rate of new HIV infections was estimated at 34.3
per 100,000 among males and 11.9 per 100,000
among females.
• Race/ethnicity: In 2006, blacks/African
Americans accounted for an estimated 24,900
(45%) new HIV infections. Whites accounted for
an estimated 19,600 (35%) new HIV infections,
and Hispanics/Latinos accounted for an estimated
9,700 (17%). A total of 1,200 (2%) new HIV
infections occurred in Asians/Pacific Islanders,
and an estimated 290 (1%) occurred in American
Indians/Alaska Natives. By race/ethnicity, the
highest rate of new HIV infections was that for
blacks/African Americans (83.7 per 100,000); by
race/ethnicity and sex, the highest rate was that
for black/African American males (115.7 per
100,000).
• Age at HIV infection: In 2006, persons aged 13–
29 accounted for the largest number of new HIV
infections (19,200 [34%]). Persons aged 30–39
accounted for an estimated 17,400 (31%) new
HIV infections, followed by persons aged 40–49
(13,900 [25%]), and persons aged 50 years and
older (5,800 [10%]). Although the largest number
of new HIV infections occurred in persons aged
13–29 years, the highest rate of new infections
was that for persons aged 30–39 years (42.6 per
100,000).
• Transmission category: Most of the new HIV
infections in 2006 (28,700 [53%]) were in MSM.
Persons infected through high-risk heterosexual
contact accounted for 16,800 (31%) new HIV
infections, IDUs accounted for 6,600 (12%), and
MSM who were also IDUs accounted for 2,100
(4%).
Cases of AIDS
From 2003 through 2007, the estimated numbers of
newly diagnosed AIDS cases in the 50 states and the
District of Columbia decreased (Table 4). In 2007, the
Commentary
7
estimated rate of AIDS cases in the United States was
11.9 per 100,000 population (Table 6b).
• Age group: From 2003 through 2007, the
estimated number of newly diagnosed AIDS
cases decreased 62% among children (less than
13 years of age) (Table 4). The estimated number
of new AIDS cases also decreased among persons
in the age groups 30–34, 35–39, and 40–44 years.
The estimated number of new AIDS cases
remained stable among persons aged 45–49 and
persons aged 65 years and older and increased in
the following age groups: 13–14, 15–19, 20–24,
25–29, 50–54, 55–59, and 60–64 years. In 2007,
the largest number of new AIDS cases occurred
among persons aged 40–44 years, who accounted
for 19% of all AIDS cases diagnosed during that
year in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
• Race/ethnicity: From 2003 through 2007, the
estimated number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases
decreased among blacks/African Americans,
American Indians/Alaska Natives, and whites,
remained stable among Hispanics/Latinos, and
increased among Asians and Native Hawaiians/
other Pacific Islanders (Table 4). In 2007, rates of
AIDS cases were 47.3 per 100,000 in the black/
African American population, 18.3 per 100,000 in
the Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
population, 15.2 per 100,000 in the Hispanic/
Latino population, 6.9 per 100,000 in the
American Indian/Alaska Native population, 5.2
per 100,000 in the white population, and 3.6 per
100,000 in the Asian population (Table 6b).
• Sex: From 2003 through 2007, the estimated
number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases decreased
among male and female adults and adolescents
(Table 4). Males accounted for 73% of all AIDS
cases diagnosed in 2007 among adults and
adolescents in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia. Rates of new AIDS cases among adults
and adolescents in 2007 were 21.6 per 100,000
among males and 7.5 per 100,000 among females
(Table 6b).
• Transmission category: From 2003 through
2007, among male adults and adolescents, the
estimated number of newly diagnosed AIDS
cases decreased among IDUs and MSM who
were also IDUs (Table 4). The numbers of males
exposed through male-to-male sexual contact and
8
high-risk heterosexual contact remained stable.
Among female adults and adolescents, the
estimated number of new AIDS cases decreased
among IDUs and remained stable among females
exposed through high-risk heterosexual contact.
• Region: From 2003 through 2007, the estimated
number of AIDS cases decreased 14% in the
Northeast, decreased 5% each in the South and
the West, and remained stable in the Midwest.
Deaths
From 2003 through 2007, the estimated number of
deaths of persons with AIDS who resided in the 50
states and the District of Columbia decreased 17%
(Table 8).
• Age group: The estimated number of deaths
decreased among children (less than 13 years of
age) and in the following age groups: 25–29, 30–
34, 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years. The
estimated number of deaths remained stable
among persons aged 20–24 and persons aged 50–
54 years and increased among persons aged 13–
14, 15–19, 55–59, 60–64, and 65 years and older.
• Race/ethnicity: The estimated number of deaths
of persons with AIDS decreased among
American Indians/Alaska Natives, blacks/
African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and
whites. The estimated number of deaths of
persons with AIDS increased among Asians and
Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders.
• Sex and transmission category: The estimated
number of deaths of adults and adolescents with
AIDS decreased among MSM and IDUs and
remained stable among persons exposed through
high-risk heterosexual contact.
• Region: The estimated number of deaths of
persons with AIDS decreased in all regions of the
United States.
Persons Living with
HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Persons living with HIV/AIDS
From 2004 through 2007, the estimated number of
persons living with HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS prevalence) increased steadily in the 34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting (Table 9).
Commentary
At the end of 2007, an estimated 551,932 persons in
these states were living with HIV/AIDS.
• By age group, 20% (the greatest percentage) were
aged 40–44 years.
• By race/ethnicity, 48% were black/African
American, 33% white, 17% Hispanic/Latino, and
less than 1% each were American Indian/Alaska
Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian/other Pacific
Islander.
• By sex, 73% of adults and adolescents living with
HIV/AIDS were male.
• Of the estimated 398,057 male adults and
adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, 64% had
been exposed through male-to-male sexual
contact, 16% through injection drug use, 12%
through high-risk heterosexual contact, and 7%
through both male-to-male sexual contact and
injection drug use. Of the estimated 146,692
female adults and adolescents living with HIV/
AIDS, 72% had been exposed through high-risk
heterosexual contact, and 26% had been exposed
through injection drug use. Of the estimated
7,181 children living with HIV/AIDS, 91% had
been exposed perinatally.
Prevalence rates of HIV infection (not AIDS)
At the end of 2007, in the 39 areas with confidential
name-based HIV infection reporting since at least
2003, the prevalence rate of HIV infection (not AIDS)
among adults and adolescents was estimated at 154.2
per 100,000 (Table 11). The estimated prevalence rate
for adults and adolescents living with HIV infection
(not AIDS) ranged from 2.2 per 100,000 (American
Samoa) to 282.0 per 100,000 (New York). The estimated prevalence rate of HIV infection (not AIDS)
among children residing in the 39 areas was 6.0 per
100,000. The estimated prevalence rate for children
living with HIV infection (not AIDS) ranged from
zero per 100,000 in New Mexico, North Dakota,
American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana
Islands to 22.0 per 100,000 in New York.
Persons living with AIDS
The number of persons living with AIDS (AIDS
prevalence) increased steadily from 2003 through
2007 (Table 12). At the end of 2007, an estimated
455,636 persons in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia were living with AIDS.
• By age group, 21% (the greatest percentage) were
aged 45–49 years.
• By race/ethnicity, 44% were black/African
American, 35% white, 19% Hispanic/Latino, 1%
Asian, and less than 1% each were American
Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander.
• By sex, 77% of adults and adolescents living with
AIDS were male.
• Of the estimated 347,284 male adults and
adolescents living with AIDS, 61% had been
exposed through male-to-male sexual contact,
18% through injection drug use, 11% through
high-risk heterosexual contact, and 8% through
both male-to-male sexual contact and injection
drug use. Of the estimated 104,560 female adults
and adolescents living with AIDS, 66% had been
exposed through high-risk heterosexual contact,
and 32% had been exposed through injection
drug use.
• By region, 40% resided in the South, 29% in the
Northeast, 20% in the West, and 11% in the
Midwest.
Prevalence rates of AIDS
At the end of 2007, the AIDS prevalence rate
among adults and adolescents in the United States
was estimated at 185.1 per 100,000 (Table 11). The
estimated prevalence rate for adults and adolescents
living with AIDS ranged from 2.2 per 100,000
(American Samoa) to 1,750.6 per 100,000 (District of
Columbia). The prevalence rate of AIDS among children in the United States was estimated at 1.7 per
100,000 at the end of 2007. The estimated prevalence
rate for children living with AIDS ranged from zero
per 100,000 in Idaho, Maine, Montana, Utah, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands
to 29.7 per 100,000 in the District of Columbia.
Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
Table 15 is limited to data on AIDS cases diagnosed in 2002 in order to describe the survival of persons whose diagnosis was made relatively recently,
but far enough in the past to permit a meaningful measure of survival. Figures 2, 3, and 4 illustrate the proportion of surviving persons among persons whose
diagnoses were made over a longer period, 1998
through 2005.
Commentary
9
• Survival (the estimated proportion of persons
surviving a given length of time after diagnosis)
increased with the year of diagnosis for diagnoses
made during 1998–2000. Year-to-year differences
were small during 2001–2005 (Figure 2).
• Survival decreased as age at diagnosis increased
among persons at least 35 years old at diagnosis
and in comparison with persons younger than 35.
Survival was similar for the age groups 13–24
and 25–34 (Figure 3).
• Survival was greatest among MSM and among
children with perinatally acquired HIV infection
(Table 15). Survival was intermediate among
male and female adults and adolescents who had
heterosexual contact with someone known to be
HIV infected or at high risk for HIV infection, as
well as among MSM who also were IDUs.
Survival was lowest among male and female
adults and adolescents who were IDUs.
• Survival, particularly at more than 48 months
after AIDS diagnosis, was greater among Asians,
whites, and Hispanics/Latinos than among
blacks/African Americans (Figure 4). Results
were unstable or inconsistent for American
Indians/Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians/
other Pacific Islanders, because the numbers of
persons in these categories were small.
Reports of Cases of
HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Tables 16–25 describe reports of cases of AIDS,
HIV infection (not AIDS), and HIV/AIDS. Tables 18,
20, 22, and 24 are based on reports of cases of HIV
infection (not AIDS) through 2007 from the 53 areas
that had implemented name-based HIV infection
reporting. Table 18 displays cases of HIV infection
(not AIDS) both reported and diagnosed in 2007, by
area of residence, for the 53 areas that had implemented name-based HIV infection reporting. Note
that not all cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) or
AIDS reported in 2007 reflect diagnoses made during
2007; rather, the reported cases include cases diagnosed during earlier years.
Reports of cases of HIV infection (not AIDS)
Through 2007, a total of 337,590 persons were
reported as having HIV infection (not AIDS) in the 53
areas with confidential name-based HIV infection
10
reporting (Table 18) (see Technical Notes for discussion of surveillance of HIV infection [not AIDS]). Six
states (California, Florida, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, and Texas) reported 172,429 (51%)
of the 337,590 cumulative cases of HIV infection (not
AIDS) reported to CDC. Seven states (California,
Florida, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Texas) accounted for 57% (15,543) of
the 27,126 cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) diagnosed in the 53 areas in 2007.
• In 2007, males accounted for 77% and females
for 23% of the 62,573 reported cases in adults and
adolescents (Table 20).
• In 2007, 657 cases in children were reported.
Reports of AIDS cases
Through 2007, a total of 1,030,832 persons in the
United States and dependent areas had been reported
as having AIDS (Table 16). Three states (California,
Florida, and New York) reported 43% of the cumulative AIDS cases and 36% of AIDS cases reported to
CDC in 2007. In the 50 states and the District of
Columbia, the rate of reported AIDS cases in 2007
was 12.4 per 100,000 population. When the U.S.
dependent areas were included, the rate of reported
AIDS cases ranged from zero per 100,000 (American
Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands) to
148.1 per 100,000 (District of Columbia).
• In 2007, males accounted for 74% and females
for 26% of the 38,297 reported AIDS cases in
adults and adolescents (Table 19).
• In 2007, 87 AIDS cases in children were reported.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
The following were prepared by using HIV/AIDS
surveillance data:
• Selected MMWR articles at http://www.cdc.gov/
hiv/resources/reports/mmwr/
• Public-use slides at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/
topics/surveillance/resources/slides/
• Other surveillance reports at http://www.cdc.gov/
hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/
• Public-use version of the AIDS surveillance data
set (AIDS Public Information Data Set [APIDS])
at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/software/apids.htm
Commentary
SUGGESTED READINGS
CDC. Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies
for a Changing Epidemic—United States, 2003.
MMWR 2003;52(15):329–332.
CDC. Dear colleague letter: CDC recommends that
all states and territories adopt confidential namebased surveillance systems to report HIV infections. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/070505
_dearcolleague_gerberding.pdf. Published July
5, 2005. Accessed January 29, 2009.
Janssen RS, Satten GA, Stramer SL, et al. New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for
use in incidence estimates and for clinical and
prevention purposes. JAMA 1998;280(1):42–48.
Lee LM, McKenna MT. Monitoring the incidence
of HIV infection in the United States. Public
Health Rep 2007;122(suppl 1):72–79.
CDC. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS—United States,
1981–2005. MMWR 2006;55(21):589–592.
CDC. Guidelines for national HIV case surveillance, including monitoring for HIV infection
and AIDS. MMWR 1999;48(RR-13):1–31.
CDC. A heightened national response to the HIV/
AIDS crisis among African Americans.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/aa/resources/
reports/heightendresponse.htm. Revised June
2007. Accessed January 29, 2009.
CDC. HIV prevalence estimates—United States,
2006. MMWR 2008;57(39):1073–1076.
CDC. HIV prevention strategic plan: extended
through 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/
resources/reports/psp/. Published October 2007.
Accessed March 11, 2008.
CDC. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of
adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in
health-care settings. MMWR 2006;55(RR-14):1–
17.
CDC. Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system—United States, 2006.
MMWR 2008;57(36):985–989.
CDC. Twenty-five years of HIV/AIDS—United
States, 1981–2006. MMWR 2006;55(21):585–
589.
Hall HI, Song R, Rhodes P, et al. Estimation of HIV
incidence in the United States. JAMA
2008;300(5):520–529.
Glynn MK, Lee LM, McKenna MT. The status of
national HIV case surveillance, United States
2006. Public Health Rep 2007;122(suppl 1):63–
71.
Commentary
11
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Table 1.
Estimated numbers of cases of HIV/AIDS, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2004–2007—34
states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Year of diagnosis
2004
2005
2006
2007
212
41
1,081
3,714
4,524
5,353
6,359
6,011
4,286
2,645
1,473
771
696
189
40
1,216
3,875
4,547
5,024
5,907
5,889
4,338
2,698
1,531
729
657
169
45
1,409
4,184
4,884
4,686
5,678
6,003
4,377
2,862
1,512
741
643
159
40
1,703
4,907
5,771
5,089
6,088
6,554
5,172
3,489
1,938
942
803
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asiana
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
177
308
19,309
6,183
39
10,836
180
329
18,479
6,383
43
10,818
163
332
18,975
6,590
49
10,815
228
455
21,549
7,484
46
12,556
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
17,898
3,198
1,413
4,167
140
26,814
18,333
2,990
1,308
3,923
120
26,673
18,894
2,931
1,195
4,029
132
27,182
22,472
3,133
1,260
4,551
102
31,518
2,065
7,967
103
10,135
1,834
7,852
90
9,775
1,729
8,033
80
9,842
1,806
9,076
96
10,977
177
37
214
162
30
192
134
36
170
139
20
159
37,164
36,640
37,193
42,655
1,234
1,391
1,338
1,429
38,398
38,032
38,531
44,084
Data for 34 states
Age at diagnosis (yr)
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Othere
Subtotal
Subtotal for 34 states
Data for U.S. dependent areas
Totalf
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of reported
case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, or concurrent diagnoses
of HIV infection and AIDS.
See Technical Notes for the list of areas that have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least
2003.
a Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
d
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f
Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons of unknown sex. Because column totals were calculated independently of the
values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
12
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Table 2. Time to an AIDS diagnosis after a diagnosis of HIV infection, by selected characteristics, 2006—34 states
and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Diagnosis of AIDS after diagnosis of HIV infection
<12 Monthsa
Data for 34 states
Age at diagnosis (yr)
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asianc
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinod
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contacte
Otherf
Subtotal
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contacte
Otherf
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Otherg
Subtotal
Subtotal for 34 states
Data for U.S. dependent areas
Totalh
≥12 Monthsb
Total
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
19
9
204
765
1,345
1,555
2,194
2,450
1,938
1,345
785
404
377
11
20
14
18
28
33
39
41
44
47
52
55
59
149
36
1,205
3,414
3,534
3,126
3,481
3,549
2,433
1,514
727
335
265
89
80
86
82
72
67
61
59
56
53
48
45
41
169
45
1,408
4,179
4,879
4,681
5,675
5,999
4,372
2,859
1,512
739
642
62
128
6,659
2,700
16
3,703
38
38
35
41
34
34
99
205
12,300
3,879
33
7,106
62
62
65
59
66
66
161
332
18,958
6,579
49
10,809
6,478
1,266
417
1,859
54
10,075
34
43
35
46
41
37
12,399
1,661
776
2,165
77
17,078
66
57
65
54
59
63
18,878
2,927
1,193
4,024
132
27,154
608
2,639
47
3,294
35
33
59
33
1,118
5,390
33
6,540
65
67
41
67
1,726
8,029
80
9,835
14
6
20
11
17
12
119
30
149
89
83
88
134
36
170
13,390
36
23,768
64
37,158
433
32
905
68
1,338
13,823
36
24,673
64
38,496i
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of reported
case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
See Technical Notes for the list of areas that have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least
2003.
Data exclude 35 persons whose month of diagnosis of HIV infection is unknown.
a
Includes persons whose diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS were made at the same time.
b Includes persons in whom AIDS has not developed.
c
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
d
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
f
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
g
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
h Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column
total.
i
Includes 268 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
13
Table 3.
Estimated numbers and rates (per 100,000 population) of new HIV infections in adults and
adolescents, 2006—50 states and the District of Columbia
Males
No.
%
Females
Rate
No.
%
Total
Rate
No.
%
Rate
Race/ethnicitya
American Indian/Alaska Native
150
<1
15.5
130
1
12.8
290
1
14.6
1,010
2
18.0
180
1
3.0
1,200
2
10.3
16,120
39
115.7
8,810
60
55.7
24,900
45
83.7
7,420
18
43.1
2,300
16
14.4
9,700
17
29.3
16,280
40
19.6
3,300
22
3.8
19,600
35
11.5
13–29
14,400
35
39.2
4,860
32
14.0
19,200
34
26.8
30–39
12,750
31
61.8
4,620
31
22.8
17,400
31
42.6
40–49
10,100
24
45.0
3,780
25
16.6
13,900
25
30.7
4,130
10
10.1
1,710
11
3.5
5,800
10
6.5
28,720
72
—
—
—
—
28,700
53
—
Injection drug use
3,750
9
—
2,860
20
—
6,600
12
—
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug
use
2,100
5
—
—
—
—
2,100
4
—
High-risk heterosexual contactd
5,250
13
—
11,550
80
—
16,800
31
—
41,400
100
34.3
15,000
100
11.9
56,300
100
22.8
Asian/Pacific Islander
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
White
Age at HIV infection (yr)
≥50
Transmission categoryc
Male-to-male sexual contact
Totale
Note. Data have been adjusted for reporting delays and redistribution of cases in persons initially reported without risk-factor information, but
not for incomplete reporting. To reflect the uncertainty inherent in statistical estimates, the estimates were rounded: in the table cells, the
estimates were rounded to the nearest 10 (rounding to the nearest 100 would have resulted in significant rounding error); in the column and
row totals, the estimates were rounded to the nearest 100.
a
Because HIV incidence estimates are estimates for 2006, race/ethnicity categories in this table are the categories used in previous
surveillance reports, and are thus not consistent with the race/ethnicity categories in other tables in this report.
b
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c Values do not include American Indians/Alaska Natives or Asians/Pacific Islanders because small numbers in these groups precluded
further stratification on transmission category.
d Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
e
Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons with hemophilia, blood transfusion, and perinatal transmission. Because
column totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column
total.
14
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Table 4. Estimated numbers of AIDS cases, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics, 2003–2007 and
cumulative—United States and dependent areas
Year of diagnosis
Data for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Age at diagnosis (yr)
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asianb
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactd
Othere
Subtotal
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactd
Othere
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Otherf
Subtotal
Region of residence
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
Subtotal for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Data for U.S. dependent areas
Total
g
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Cumulativea
73
72
302
1,577
3,073
5,578
8,096
7,708
5,676
3,393
1,711
865
770
55
71
333
1,635
3,191
5,126
7,050
7,687
5,506
3,466
1,830
898
786
54
70
409
1,669
3,071
4,637
6,417
7,261
5,662
3,472
1,839
856
711
38
71
392
1,603
3,283
4,200
6,185
7,106
5,456
3,578
2,005
949
829
28
80
455
1,927
3,380
4,187
5,888
6,813
5,749
3,636
2,040
980
800
9,209
1,169
6,089
38,175
120,464
201,906
219,601
177,250
112,896
63,408
34,160
18,249
15,853
181
394
19,580
7,214
52
11,061
184
389
18,719
6,817
51
11,064
164
378
17,690
6,804
58
10,580
148
425
17,257
6,875
61
10,521
158
475
17,507
6,921
76
10,407
3,492
7,511
426,003
169,138
721
404,465
16,782
5,098
2,129
4,140
220
28,370
16,627
4,527
1,964
4,204
222
27,545
16,172
4,243
1,972
3,909
230
26,525
16,235
3,940
1,748
4,054
209
26,185
16,749
3,750
1,664
4,011
181
26,355
487,695
175,704
71,242
63,927
12,108
810,676
3,002
7,247
202
10,450
2,884
6,956
193
10,033
2,604
6,768
176
9,548
2,331
6,955
186
9,471
2,260
7,100
220
9,579
80,155
112,230
6,158
198,544
66
7
73
53
2
55
48
5
54
33
6
38
24
4
28
8,434
775
9,209
10,432
4,264
17,643
6,555
38,893
9,349
4,074
18,089
6,122
37,633
9,115
4,328
16,641
6,043
36,127
9,143
4,082
16,271
6,199
35,695
8,973
4,074
16,683
6,232
35,962
314,277
105,573
390,479
208,099
1,018,428
1,085
917
955
832
812
32,051
40,054
38,695
37,256
36,791
37,041
1,051,875h
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
e Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
g Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons of unknown sex. Because column totals were calculated independently of
the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
h
Includes 7,099 persons of unknown race or multiple races, 1,393 persons of unknown state of residence, and 3 persons who were residents
of other areas.
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
15
Table 5. Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in children <13 years of age, by year of diagnosis and race/ethnicity,
2003–2007 and cumulative—50 states and the District of Columbia
Year of diagnosis
2007 Cumulativea
2003
2004
2005
2006
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asianb
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
0
0
49
10
0
12
1
0
34
9
1
8
0
1
39
9
0
4
0
1
29
4
0
3
0
0
21
2
0
5
32
47
5,699
1,757
7
1,602
Totald
73
55
54
38
28
9,209e
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
c
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d
Includes children of unknown race or multiple races. Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the
subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
e
Includes 64 children of unknown race or multiple races.
Figure 1. Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in children <13 years of age, by year of diagnosis, 1992–2007—
50 states and the District of Columbia
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
16
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Table 6a. Estimated numbers of cases and rates (per 100,000 population) of HIV/AIDS, by race/ethnicity, 2007—
34 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Adults or adolescents
Males
No.
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
b
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific
Islander
White
Totald
Females
Rate
160
23.1
No.
68
Rate
9.4
Totala
No.
228
Children (<13 yrs)
Rate
No.
Rate
16.1
0
0.0
Total, alla
No.
Rate
228
12.8
363
15.5
88
3.5
451
9.3
4
0.4
455
7.7
14,247
136.8
7,196
60.6
21,442
96.2
107
1.9
21,549
76.7
5,906
56.2
1,555
16.0
7,460
36.9
24
0.4
7,484
27.7
42
76.7
5
9.0
46
43.4
0
0.0
46
34.6
10,563
18.7
1,971
3.3
12,534
10.8
21
0.1
12,556
9.2
0.4
42,655e
21.1
31,518
38.8
10,977
12.9
42,496
25.6
159
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, or concurrent
diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS.
See Technical Notes for the list of areas that have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at
least 2003.
a Because row totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each row may not sum to the row total.
b
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
c
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d
Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races. Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the
subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
e
Includes 336 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
Table 6b. Estimated numbers of cases and rates (per 100,000 population) of AIDS, by race/ethnicity, 2007—50
states and the District of Columbia
Adults or adolescents
Males
No.
Race/ethnicity
Females
Rate
No.
Rate
Totala
No.
Children (<13 yrs)
Rate
No.
Rate
Total, alla
No.
Rate
American Indian/Alaska Native
112
12.5
46
5.0
158
8.6
0
0.0
158
6.9
Asianb
381
7.3
93
1.6
475
4.3
0
0.0
475
3.6
11,243
81.3
6,243
39.8
17,486
59.2
21
0.3
17,507
47.3
5,466
31.0
1,452
8.9
6,918
20.4
2
0.0
6,921
15.2
64
37.5
12
7.1
76
22.3
0
0.0
76
18.3
8,802
10.6
1,600
1.8
10,402
6.1
5
0.0
10,407
5.2
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latino
c
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific
Islander
White
Total
d
26,355
21.6
9,579
7.5
35,934
14.4
28
0.1
e
35,962
11.9
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting.
Data exclude cases in persons whose state or area of residence is unknown, as well as cases from U.S. dependent areas, for which U.S.
census information about race and age categories is lacking.
a
Because row totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each row may not sum to the row total.
b Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
c
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d
Includes person of unknown race or multiple races. Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the
subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
e
Includes 418 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
17
Table 7. Estimated numbers of AIDS cases in adult and adolescent Hispanics/Latinos, by transmission
category and place of birth, 2007—United States and dependent areas
Place of birth
United States
Cuba
Mexico
No.
Puerto Rico
%
Totala
%
No.
%
231
18
3,679
47
8
506
40
1,574
20
60
4
66
5
355
5
22
374
26
455
36
2,053
26
0
0
7
0
12
1
90
1
151
100
1,431
100
1,269
100
7,752
100
%
No.
%
No.
%
Male-to-male sexual contact 1,308
52
450
54
92
61
883
62
Injection drug use
532
21
64
8
21
14
108
Male-to-male sexual contact
and injection drug use
146
6
27
3
5
3
High-risk heterosexual
contactb
498
20
283
34
33
Otherc
53
2
7
1
Totald
2,536
100
831
100
Transmission category
No.
Central/South
America
No.
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a
Entries include 205 persons whose place of birth is not among those listed and 1,328 persons whose place of birth is unknown.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
d
Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the
column total.
18
Cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV Incidence, and Cases of AIDS
Deaths
Table 8. Estimated numbers of deaths of persons with AIDS, by year of death and selected characteristics,
2003–2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
Year of death
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 Cumulativea
Data for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Age at death (yr)
<13
24
14
6
16
5
4,891
13–14
7
15
10
4
17
292
15–19
36
34
38
44
41
1,143
20–24
162
173
143
164
155
8,880
25–29
522
489
452
437
440
44,219
30–34
1,298
1,147
1,062
841
766
96,379
35–39
2,821
2,443
2,078
1,815
1,600
118,886
40–44
3,582
3,434
3,316
2,857
2,660
107,417
45–49
3,307
3,283
3,287
3,103
2,865
76,249
50–54
2,442
2,543
2,622
2,494
2,411
47,022
55–59
1,368
1,425
1,558
1,532
1,476
26,767
60–64
721
738
798
813
817
15,244
≥65
792
830
879
868
858
15,404
American Indian/Alaska Native
75
85
70
79
70
1,792
Asianb
73
92
71
99
84
3,114
Black/African American
8,926
8,656
8,546
7,886
7,124
226,879
Hispanic/Latinoc
2,627
2,601
2,450
2,256
2,312
82,894
Race/ethnicity
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
5
17
14
4
11
291
5,231
4,963
4,933
4,398
4,187
245,127
6,131
5,896
5,888
5,329
5,373
274,184
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
3,655
3,356
3,245
2,820
2,397
112,068
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
1,343
1,262
1,318
1,154
1,054
42,551
High-risk heterosexual contactd
1,436
1,514
1,467
1,543
1,433
25,860
Other
e
Subtotal
163
137
126
98
83
8,728
12,728
12,166
12,044
10,945
10,339
463,392
1,955
1,966
1,816
1,594
1,446
46,624
2,257
2,312
2,283
2,321
2,211
43,432
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
d
High-risk heterosexual contact
Othere
Subtotal
86
71
70
75
57
3,928
4,298
4,350
4,169
3,991
3,714
93,984
50
52
33
46
50
4,842
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Other
f
Subtotal
7
2
3
7
7
575
57
54
37
53
57
5,417
Deaths
19
Table 8. Estimated numbers of deaths of persons with AIDS, by year of death and selected characteristics,
2003–2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Year of death
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007 Cumulativea
Northeast
4,992
4,708
4,435
4,076
3,463
183,292
Midwest
1,700
1,491
1,387
1,478
1,368
56,137
Region of residence
South
7,735
7,678
7,812
7,282
7,080
206,654
West
2,655
2,693
2,615
2,152
2,200
116,710
17,082
16,570
16,249
14,989
14,110
562,793
574
568
535
541
403
20,178
17,679
17,154
16,823
15,564
14,561
Subtotal for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Data for U.S. dependent areas
Totalg
583,298h
Note. These numbers do not represent reported death counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported death counts. The reported death counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
g Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons of unknown sex. Because column totals were calculated independently of
the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
h Includes 2,704 persons of unknown race or multiple races, 325 persons of unknown state of residence, and 2 persons who were residents
of other areas.
20
Deaths
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Table 9.
Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS, by year and selected characteristics, 2004–2007—34
states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
2004
2005
2006
2007
3,996
1,316
3,864
13,699
28,681
50,564
82,730
102,941
82,043
53,903
28,077
13,363
10,512
3,568
1,297
4,286
14,367
30,081
48,057
80,663
106,420
89,050
60,030
33,023
15,309
12,361
3,119
1,242
4,828
15,347
31,659
46,931
78,206
108,069
95,752
67,082
38,186
17,705
14,363
2,736
1,159
5,400
16,965
33,857
47,390
76,365
107,923
103,625
74,582
43,985
20,962
16,982
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asiana
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
1,895
2,171
230,138
78,480
124
158,258
2,010
2,468
241,029
82,810
161
165,178
2,111
2,752
252,612
87,469
207
172,509
2,281
3,160
267,116
92,943
248
181,380
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
208,401
62,422
26,984
40,546
3,071
341,425
221,945
62,743
27,346
43,010
3,129
358,173
236,309
63,281
27,649
45,474
3,231
375,944
253,804
64,335
28,081
48,515
3,322
398,057
36,977
88,092
1,993
127,061
37,313
93,706
2,082
133,101
37,725
99,440
2,155
139,319
38,266
106,139
2,287
146,692
6,524
676
7,200
6,557
679
7,236
6,541
684
7,225
6,505
676
7,181
Subtotal for 34 states
Data for U.S. dependent areas
475,688
16,985
498,512
17,767
522,490
18,483
551,932
19,445
Totalf
492,673
516,279
540,972
571,378
Data for 34 states
Age at end of year
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Othere
Subtotal
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for
incomplete reporting.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, or concurrent
diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS.
See Technical Notes for the list of areas that have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at
least 2003.
a Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
d Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f
Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons of unknown sex. Because column totals were calculated independently of
the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
21
22
Table 10. Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2007, by race/ethnicity and transmission category—34 states with
confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Transmission category
No.
Black/African
American
Asiana
%
No.
%
No.
%
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
Islander
Hispanic/
Latinob
No.
%
No.
Totalc
White
%
No.
%
No.
%
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
1,052
64
1,883
77
84,965
51
41,866
60
171
85
121,702
79
253,804
64
Injection drug use
221
13
157
6
35,946
21
15,754
23
8
4
11,769
8
64,335
16
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection
drug use
231
14
72
3
11,220
7
4,062
6
5
2
12,205
8
28,081
7
High-risk heterosexual contactd
127
8
306
12
34,093
20
7,649
11
14
7
5,957
4
48,515
12
13
1
38
2
1,188
1
434
1
4
2
1,604
1
3,322
1
Othere
Subtotal
1,644 100
2,455 100
167,412 100
69,765 100
202 100
153,236 100
398,057 100
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
198
32
72
11
22,561
24
6,030
28
7
14
9,033
33
38,266
26
High-risk heterosexual contactd
404
66
547
82
71,100
75
15,501
71
36
79
17,566
65
106,139
72
12
2
50
8
1,306
1
335
2
3
7
545
2
2,287
2
Othere
Subtotal
614 100
669 100
94,966 100
21,865 100
46 100
27,144 100
146,692 100
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Otherf
Subtotal
Totalg
21
91
28
78
4,344
92
1,209
92
0
0
842
84
6,506
91
2
9
8
22
393
8
104
8
0
0
158
16
676
9
0
0
1,000 100
7,181 100
248 100
181,380 100
551,932h 100
23 100
36 100
4,737 100
1,313 100
2,281 100
3,160 100
267,116 100
92,943 100
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of reported case counts. The reported case counts
have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
Data include persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, or concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS.
See Technical Notes for the list of areas that have had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003.
a
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c
Entries include 4,804 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
d
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
e Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
g
Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
h Includes 2 persons of unknown sex.
Table 11. Estimated rates (per 100,000 population) for persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with
AIDS, 2007—United States and dependent areas
Living with HIV infection (not AIDS)
Area of residence
Alabama
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Living with AIDS
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
149.4
2.3
105.4
1.3
Alaska
51.8
0.8
61.5
0.8
Arizona
120.5
4.8
99.7
0.5
Arkansas
103.8
1.2
97.8
1.2
California
—
—
219.1
1.3
Colorado
151.4
1.7
107.2
0.2
—
—
236.1
1.5
Connecticut
Delaware
—
—
255.5
5.6
District of Columbia
—
—
1750.6
29.7
Florida
256.1
10.5
311.5
5.3
Georgia
178.0
8.3
233.0
2.4
—
—
121.5
1.5
33.7
1.0
26.4
0.0
Hawaii
Idaho
—
—
161.2
1.6
Indiana
75.2
1.6
76.9
0.9
Iowa
25.9
0.2
36.8
0.4
Kansas
Illinois
59.9
1.0
60.9
0.4
Kentucky
—
—
79.8
1.8
Louisiana
216.8
12.0
240.4
1.9
—
—
47.6
0.0
Maine
Maryland
—
—
335.8
3.2
Massachusetts
—
—
168.1
1.9
77.1
2.7
84.5
0.7
Michigan
Minnesota
78.1
2.2
56.5
0.6
Mississippi
183.5
5.1
140.7
1.5
Missouri
104.8
3.2
117.4
0.6
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
—
—
25.5
0.0
48.1
2.6
57.2
0.6
170.5
2.1
143.6
0.6
—
—
52.6
1.5
New Jersey
242.0
8.2
243.9
2.9
New Mexico
59.7
0.0
82.8
1.1
New Hampshire
New York
282.0
22.0
463.5
3.4
North Carolina
175.0
4.2
122.2
0.8
North Dakota
16.2
0.0
14.5
2.0
Ohio
89.2
3.0
77.6
1.4
Oklahoma
74.8
2.5
76.5
0.3
Oregon
—
—
94.0
0.5
Pennsylvania
—
—
182.6
2.9
—
—
149.8
4.4
South Carolina
180.3
4.7
204.9
2.8
South Dakota
30.9
2.9
22.3
0.7
139.2
4.7
133.7
0.8
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
23
Table 11. Estimated rates (per 100,000 population) for persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with
AIDS, 2007—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Living with HIV infection (not AIDS)
Area of residence
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Living with AIDS
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Texas
138.4
5.0
183.2
0.8
Utah
46.4
1.7
59.4
0.0
—
—
44.5
2.3
164.5
2.6
138.2
1.2
—
—
104.5
0.4
West Virginia
43.2
1.8
50.7
1.5
Wisconsin
51.7
1.8
48.9
1.1
Wyoming
22.2
2.3
24.1
1.1
2.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
46.6
0.0
27.1
0.0
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
U.S. dependent areas
American Samoa
Guam
9.9
0.0
4.2
0.0
Puerto Rico
223.0
5.8
354.7
2.7
U.S. Virgin Islands
268.2
14.7
368.6
4.7
Total
154.2
6.0
185.1a
1.7a
Northern Mariana Islands
Note. Rates have been adjusted for reporting delays. Dashes indicate data not shown because the state has not had laws or regulations
requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least 2003.
a
Includes persons whose area of residence is unknown.
24
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Table 12. Estimated numbers of persons living with AIDS, by year and selected characteristics, 2003–2007—
United States and dependent areas
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2,040
750
1,703
4,313
12,781
33,923
68,253
86,383
71,286
46,661
23,976
11,224
8,842
1,722
785
1,986
4,652
13,070
32,068
65,173
91,397
77,390
53,125
28,149
13,232
10,450
1,428
770
2,250
5,050
13,498
29,944
62,245
94,026
84,045
59,045
33,279
15,265
12,232
1,142
725
2,491
5,326
14,194
28,590
59,361
94,735
90,325
66,003
38,626
17,878
14,386
889
659
2,681
5,826
14,910
28,104
56,762
93,297
97,017
72,991
44,298
21,196
17,005
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asiana
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
1,350
3,075
160,161
68,446
227
135,247
1,449
3,372
170,224
72,662
262
141,348
1,543
3,679
179,369
77,016
307
146,995
1,612
4,006
188,740
81,635
364
153,118
1,700
4,398
199,124
86,244
430
159,338
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
170,213
58,994
26,131
27,847
2,983
286,168
180,944
60,165
26,833
30,537
3,068
301,547
191,228
61,164
27,487
32,979
3,172
316,029
202,134
62,283
28,081
35,489
3,282
331,269
213,510
63,636
28,691
38,067
3,380
347,284
30,275
50,148
1,729
82,152
31,192
54,792
1,851
87,835
31,980
59,277
1,958
93,214
32,717
63,910
2,068
98,695
33,531
68,798
2,231
104,560
3,614
202
3,816
3,615
202
3,818
3,631
204
3,835
3,618
203
3,820
3,592
200
3,792
Region of residence
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
111,086
38,604
145,993
76,453
115,728
41,186
156,404
79,882
120,407
44,127
165,233
83,310
125,474
46,731
174,221
87,357
130,985
49,437
183,825
91,390
Subtotal for 50 states and the District of Columbia
372,136
393,200
413,077
433,783
455,636
10,404
10,753
11,173
11,464
11,874
382,896
404,438
424,871
446,098
468,578
Data for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Age at end of year
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Othere
Subtotal
Data for U.S dependent areas
Total
f
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for
incomplete reporting.
a
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
d
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f Includes persons of unknown race or multiple races and persons of unknown sex. Because column totals were calculated independently of
the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
25
26
Table 13. Estimated numbers of persons living with AIDS at the end of 2007, by race/ethnicity and transmission category—50 states and the
District of Columbia
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Transmission category
No.
Black/African
American
Asiana
%
No.
%
No.
%
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Hispanic/
Latinob
No.
%
No.
Totalc
White
%
No.
%
No.
%
Male adult or adolescent
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Male-to-male sexual contact
744
58
2,806
77
60,816
46
40,251
59
291
84
106,286
77
213,50
61
Injection drug use
202
16
230
6
34,635
26
15,490
23
13
4
12,433
9
63,636
18
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection
drug use
236
18
177
5
10,606
8
4,626
7
18
5
12,729
9
28,691
8
86
7
359
10
24,932
19
7,038
10
22
6
5,236
4
38,067
11
12
1
78
2
1,002
1
542
1
3
1
1,713
1
3,380
1
1,281
100
3,650
100
131,992
100
67,947
100
348
100
138,937
100
347,284
100
High-risk heterosexual contactd
Othere
Subtotal
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactd
Othere
Subtotal
162
40
78
11
19,634
30
5,365
30
14
18
7,876
40
33,531
32
232
57
577
79
43,811
68
11,836
67
57
74
11,478
58
68,798
66
12
3
76
10
1,170
2
421
2
6
8
515
3
2,231
2
407
100
731
100
64,615
100
17,622
100
77
100
19,869
100
104,560
100
12
92
11
69
2,421
96
630
93
5
100
481
90
3,592
95
1
8
5
31
95
4
45
7
0
0
51
10
200
5
13
100
16
100
2,517
100
675
100
5
100
533
100
3,792
100
1,700
100
4,398
100
199,124
100
86,244
100
430
100
159,338
100
455,636
100
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Otherf
Subtotal
Totalg
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of reported case counts. The reported case counts
have been adjusted for reporting delays and missing risk-factor information, but not for incomplete reporting.
a
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c Entries include 4,402 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
d
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
g
Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
Table 14. Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with AIDS at the end of 2007, by
area of residence—United States and dependent areas
Living with HIV infection (not AIDS)
Area of residence
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Floridaa
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Subtotal
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Total
Living with AIDS
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Total
5,721
288
6,168
2,419
—
6,052
—
—
—
39,385
13,721
—
406
—
3,921
643
1,365
—
7,646
—
—
—
6,455
3,361
4,348
5,106
—
699
3,554
—
17,493
962
45,712
13,056
87
8,499
2,221
—
—
—
6,591
203
7,105
26,361
944
—
10,542
—
665
2,415
96
18
1
58
6
—
14
—
—
—
301
152
—
3
—
18
1
5
—
92
—
—
—
46
19
28
33
—
8
10
—
119
0
677
67
0
57
16
—
—
—
35
4
49
244
10
—
34
—
5
17
2
5,740
289
6,226
2,425
—
6,067
—
—
—
39,686
13,873
—
409
—
3,939
644
1,370
—
7,738
—
—
—
6,501
3,380
4,376
5,139
—
708
3,564
—
17,612
962
46,390
13,122
87
8,557
2,237
—
—
—
6,626
207
7,154
26,605
954
—
10,577
—
670
2,432
98
4,036
342
5,104
2,280
65,498
4,284
6,922
1,836
8,871
47,907
17,968
1,313
318
17,037
4,009
915
1,388
2,813
8,476
537
15,652
9,162
7,077
2,434
3,333
5,719
205
833
2,994
585
17,628
1,335
75,146
9,116
78
7,398
2,272
2,948
19,180
1,343
7,489
146
6,826
34,899
1,207
237
8,855
5,625
781
2,286
105
10
1
6
6
84
2
9
8
24
152
43
3
0
38
10
2
2
13
14
0
30
19
11
5
8
6
0
2
3
3
43
4
106
13
2
28
2
3
57
7
21
1
8
41
0
2
16
4
4
10
1
4,046
343
5,110
2,286
65,582
4,286
6,930
1,844
8,895
48,059
18,011
1,316
318
17,075
4,019
917
1,390
2,826
8,491
537
15,682
9,181
7,088
2,439
3,341
5,725
205
835
2,997
588
17,671
1,339
75,253
9,129
80
7,426
2,274
2,951
19,236
1,350
7,510
147
6,834
34,940
1,207
239
8,872
5,629
785
2,296
106
254,212
2,151
256,363
454,746
889
455,636
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
27
Table 14. Estimated numbers of persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or with AIDS at the end of 2007, by
area of residence—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Living with HIV infection (not AIDS)
Area of residence
U.S. dependent areas
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
Totalb
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Total
Living with AIDS
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 years)
Total
1
61
7
7,221
240
0
0
0
41
3
1
61
7
7,261
243
1
35
3
11,484
330
0
0
0
19
1
1
35
3
11,503
331
261,741
2,195
263,936
467,664
914
468,578
Note. These numbers do not represent reported case counts. Rather, these numbers are point estimates, which result from adjustments of
reported case counts. The reported case counts have been adjusted for reporting delays, but not for incomplete reporting. Dashes indicate
data not shown because the state has not had laws or regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least
2003.
a Florida has confidential name-based HIV infection reporting for only the diagnoses made during July 1997 or later.
b
Total number of persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) includes persons reported from areas with confidential name-based HIV
infection reporting who were residents of other states or whose area of residence is unknown. Total number of persons living with AIDS
includes persons whose area of residence is unknown. Because column totals were calculated independently of the values for the
subpopulations, the values in each column may not sum to the column total.
28
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection (Not AIDS), or AIDS
Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
Table 15. Proportions of persons surviving for more than 12, 24, and 36 months after an AIDS diagnosis in
2002, by selected characteristics—United States and dependent areas
Proportion survived
(in months)
No. of persons
>12
>24
>36
107
62
313
1,386
3,108
5,651
8,123
7,322
5,310
3,224
1,593
861
676
0.94
0.97
0.97
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.89
0.86
0.81
0.78
0.74
0.66
0.92
0.97
0.96
0.92
0.91
0.89
0.87
0.85
0.82
0.77
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.92
0.94
0.95
0.90
0.89
0.87
0.85
0.82
0.79
0.73
0.70
0.63
0.57
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asiana
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
176
367
18,972
6,697
35
11,094
0.80
0.91
0.87
0.90
0.86
0.89
0.77
0.90
0.83
0.87
0.83
0.86
0.73
0.89
0.79
0.85
0.77
0.84
Transmission category
Male adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
13,340
4,237
1,815
3,266
5,120
27,778
0.91
0.86
0.91
0.89
0.81
0.88
0.88
0.81
0.87
0.85
0.78
0.85
0.86
0.77
0.84
0.82
0.75
0.82
2,219
4,843
2,789
9,851
0.86
0.91
0.86
0.88
0.80
0.87
0.81
0.84
0.75
0.84
0.78
0.80
103
4
107
0.95
0.75
0.94
0.93
0.50
0.92
0.93
0.50
0.92
37,736
0.88
0.84
0.82
1,047
0.71
0.67
0.64
38,835
0.88
0.84
0.81
Data for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Age at diagnosis (yr)
<13
13–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
≥65
Female adult or adolescent
Injection drug use
High-risk heterosexual contactc
Otherd
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Perinatal
Othere
Subtotal
Subtotal for 50 states and the District of Columbia
Data for U.S. dependent areas
Totalf
Note. Excludes persons whose month of diagnosis or month of death is unknown.
a
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
d
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, perinatal exposure, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
e
Includes hemophilia, blood transfusion, and risk factor not reported or not identified.
f Includes 396 persons of unknown race or multiple races.
Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
29
Figure 2. Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by year of
diagnosis—United States and dependent areas
Months after AIDS diagnosis
Figure 3. Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by age
group—United States and dependent areas
Months after AIDS diagnosis
30
Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
Figure 4. Proportions of persons surviving, by months after AIDS diagnosis during 1998–2005 and by race/
ethnicity—United States and dependent areas
Months after AIDS diagnosis
Survival after AIDS Diagnosis
31
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 16. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by area of residence, 2006, 2007,
and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
Cumulativea
2006
2007
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 yrs)
Total
9,015
682
10,929
4,083
148,274
9,098
15,216
3,715
18,008
107,980
33,607
3,002
626
34,783
8,572
1,802
2,919
4,869
18,480
1,156
31,611
19,819
15,558
5,016
6,976
11,585
401
1,561
6,095
1,124
49,907
2,712
179,116
17,007
151
15,698
5,079
6,229
35,120
2,648
14,055
270
13,114
72,434
2,363
468
17,431
12,202
1,575
4,716
242
76
7
46
36
675
31
183
26
188
1,544
240
17
2
283
56
13
14
35
132
7
320
218
114
28
56
61
3
11
29
10
787
9
2,345
120
2
140
26
19
369
28
108
5
59
394
20
6
177
35
11
33
2
9,091
689
10,975
4,119
148,949
9,129
15,399
3,741
18,196
109,524
33,847
3,019
628
35,066
8,628
1,815
2,933
4,904
18,612
1,163
31,931
20,037
15,672
5,044
7,032
11,646
404
1,572
6,124
1,134
50,694
2,721
181,461
17,127
153
15,838
5,105
6,248
35,489
2,676
14,163
275
13,173
72,828
2,383
474
17,608
12,237
1,586
4,749
244
989,099
9,156
998,255
Area of residence
No.
Rate
No.
Rate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
462
39
511
253
3,990
320
410
117
820
4,922
1,589
89
25
1,341
344
84
121
203
819
68
1,615
530
661
211
358
464
7
119
292
54
1,063
93
5,473
1,243
6
760
203
278
1,887
112
704
18
679
2,958
57
19
599
377
65
216
8
10.1
5.8
8.3
9.0
11.0
6.7
11.7
13.7
140.1
27.3
17.0
7.0
1.7
10.5
5.5
2.8
4.4
4.8
19.3
5.2
28.8
8.2
6.5
4.1
12.3
7.9
0.7
6.7
11.7
4.1
12.3
4.8
28.4
14.0
0.9
6.6
5.7
7.5
15.2
10.5
16.3
2.3
11.2
12.6
2.2
3.1
7.8
5.9
3.6
3.9
1.6
391
32
585
196
4,952
355
528
171
871
3,961
1,877
78
23
1,348
329
76
132
292
879
46
1,394
612
628
197
352
542
25
80
335
51
1,164
113
4,810
1,024
8
703
264
239
1,750
66
742
15
658
2,964
68
6
634
427
76
199
13
8.4
4.7
9.2
6.9
13.5
7.3
15.1
19.8
148.1
21.7
19.7
6.1
1.5
10.5
5.2
2.5
4.8
6.9
20.5
3.5
24.8
9.5
6.2
3.8
12.1
9.2
2.6
4.5
13.1
3.9
13.4
5.7
24.9
11.3
1.3
6.1
7.3
6.4
14.1
6.2
16.8
1.9
10.7
12.4
2.6
1.0
8.2
6.6
4.2
3.6
2.5
Subtotal
37,656
12.6
37,281
12.4
32
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 16. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by area of residence, 2006, 2007,
and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Cumulativea
2006
Area of residence
No.
2007
Rate
No.
Rate
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 yrs)
Total
U.S. dependent areas
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
Otherb
Totalc
0
0
0
844
32
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.5
29.5
0.0
0
0
0
847
34
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.5
31.4
0.0
1
68
3
30,333
663
3
0
1
0
403
18
0
38,751
12.8
38,384
12.5
1,021,242
9,590
1
69
3
30,736
681
3
1,030,832d
a From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Persons reported from areas with confidential name-based AIDS reporting but who are residents of other areas.
c
Includes persons whose state or area of residence is unknown.
d Includes 1,084 persons whose state or area of residence is unknown.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
33
Table 17. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by metropolitan statistical area of
residence, 2006, 2007, and cumulative—United States and Puerto Rico
Cumulative
2006
No.
Area of residence
2007
Rate
No.
Rate
Children
Adults or
adolescents (<13 yrs)
Total
MSA (population ≥ 500,000)
Akron, OH
32
4.6
23
3.3
786
1
787
106
12.5
67
7.9
2,325
24
2,349
51
6.2
65
7.8
1,470
3
1,473
Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, PA–NJ
118
14.8
91
11.3
1,441
17
1,458
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Marietta, GA
991
19.3
1,216
23.0
23,106
135
23,241
Augusta–Richmond County, GA–SC
Albany–Schenectady–Troy, NY
Albuquerque, NM
35
6.7
77
14.6
1,937
24
1,961
Austin–Round Rock, TX
193
12.6
210
13.1
5,042
26
5,068
Bakersfield, CA
141
18.2
164
20.7
1,739
9
1,748
Baltimore–Towson, MD
998
37.5
791
29.6
21,153
218
21,371
Baton Rouge, LA
230
30.1
242
31.4
3,971
20
3,991
Birmingham–Hoover, AL
111
10.1
89
8.0
2,701
25
2,726
2.0
293
0
293
Boise City–Nampa, ID
14
2.5
12
Boston, Mass–NHa
353
7.9
371
8.3
13,864
149
14,013
Boston Division
183
9.9
229
12.3
8,697
91
8,788
Cambridge Division
103
7.0
93
6.3
3,220
36
3,256
51
7.0
39
5.3
1,617
21
1,638
136
15.2
140
15.6
3,865
57
3,922
Essex Division
Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk, CT
Buffalo–Niagara Falls, NY
98
8.6
102
9.0
2,578
20
2,598
Cape Coral–Fort Myers, FL
88
15.4
84
14.2
1,773
24
1,797
Charleston–North Charleston, SC
89
14.4
99
15.7
2,135
18
2,153
285
18.0
259
15.7
3,502
22
3,524
49
9.6
47
9.1
1,034
3
1,037
Chicago, IL–IN–WI
1,127
11.9
1,254
13.2
31,226
262
31,488
Chicago Division
Charlotte–Gastonia–Concord, NC–SC
Chattanooga, TN–GA
1,043
13.2
1,152
14.5
29,314
249
29,563
Gary Division
49
7.1
71
10.2
1,109
8
1,117
Lake Division
35
4.0
31
3.6
803
5
808
Cincinnati–Middletown, OH–KY–IN
196
9.2
132
6.2
2,868
18
2,886
Cleveland–Elyria–Mentor, OH
168
8.0
135
6.4
4,368
48
4,416
21
3.5
23
3.8
599
5
604
Columbia, SC
200
28.4
181
25.3
3,457
24
3,481
Columbus, OH
163
9.4
146
8.3
3,268
16
3,284
Colorado Springs, CO
Dallas, TX
920
15.4
806
13.1
20,960
63
21,023
Dallas Division
709
17.7
618
15.0
16,597
37
16,634
Fort Worth Division
211
10.7
188
9.2
4,363
26
4,389
Dayton, OH
55
6.6
65
7.8
1,286
15
1,301
Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL
88
17.7
63
12.6
1,519
16
1,535
237
9.8
271
11.0
7,174
22
7,196
23
4.3
26
4.8
556
4
560
Denver–Aurora, CO
Des Moines, IA
34
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 17. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by metropolitan statistical area of
residence, 2006, 2007, and cumulative—United States and Puerto Rico (cont)
Cumulative
2006
No.
Area of residence
Detroit, MI
2007
Rate
No.
Rate
Adults or
Children
adolescents (<13 yrs)
Total
438
9.7
413
9.2
10,778
74
10,852
Detroit Division
323
16.1
294
14.8
8,554
58
8,612
Warren Division
115
4.6
119
4.8
2,224
16
2,240
El Paso, TX
40
5.5
135
18.4
1,609
10
1,619
Fresno, CA
66
7.5
98
10.9
1,544
11
1,555
Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI
50
6.5
39
5.0
854
6
860
Greensboro–High Point, NC
66
9.6
64
9.2
1,328
14
1,342
Greenville, SC
67
11.2
50
8.1
1,343
4
1,347
Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA
69
13.2
78
14.7
1,330
8
1,338
127
10.7
202
17.0
5,317
46
5,363
66
7.3
55
6.1
2,175
14
2,189
1,097
19.9
1,001
17.8
26,782
172
26,954
Indianapolis, IN
147
8.8
121
7.1
3,944
25
3,969
Jackson, MS
115
21.6
139
26.0
2,555
30
2,585
Jacksonville, FL
310
24.2
301
23.1
6,316
76
6,392
Kansas City, MO–KS
161
8.2
297
15.0
4,984
15
4,999
35
5.2
45
6.6
927
5
932
Hartford–West Hartford–East Hartford, CT
Honolulu, HI
Houston–Baytown–Sugar Land, TX
Knoxville, TN
Lakeland, FL
113
20.3
77
13.4
1,890
21
1,911
Las Vegas–Paradise, NV
256
14.4
278
15.1
4,923
28
4,951
76
11.6
74
11.1
1,460
14
1,474
1,667
13.0
1,927
15.0
60,289
294
60,583
Los Angeles Division
1,472
14.9
1,638
16.6
53,183
250
53,433
Santa Anna Division
195
6.5
289
9.6
7,106
44
7,150
Louisville, KY–IN
96
7.9
177
14.3
2,451
25
2,476
Madison, WI
29
5.3
30
5.4
550
4
554
McAllen–Edinburg–Pharr, TX
44
6.4
55
7.7
688
12
700
345
27.1
255
19.9
5,382
19
5,401
2,284
42.2
1,792
33.1
57,554
1,000
58,554
Little Rock–North Little Rock, AR
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN–MS–AR
Miami, FL
Fort Lauderdale Division
769
43.4
642
36.5
17,045
263
17,308
1,162
48.9
846
35.4
30,522
514
31,036
353
27.9
304
24.0
9,987
223
10,210
Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis, WI
109
7.1
110
7.1
2,621
18
2,639
Minneapolis–St Paul–Bloomington, MN–WI
184
5.8
168
5.2
4,431
22
4,453
22
4.3
36
7.0
711
6
717
Miami Division
West Palm Beach Division
Modesto, CA
Nashville–Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN
172
11.6
223
14.7
4,071
20
4,091
New Haven–Milford, CT
106
12.6
142
16.8
4,707
73
4,780
New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner, LA
271
27.4
325
31.5
9,158
69
9,227
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
35
Table 17. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by metropolitan statistical area of
residence, 2006, 2007, and cumulative—United States and Puerto Rico (cont)
Cumulative
2006
2007
Adults or
Children
adolescents (<13 yrs)
Area of residence
No.
Rate
No.
Rate
New York, NY–NJ–PA
5,469
29.1
5,095
27.1
199,402
2,903
Edison Division
131
5.7
166
7.2
6,871
140
7,011
Nassau Division
253
9.1
213
7.7
8,404
111
8,515
4,672
40.3
4,249
36.6
163,738
2,313
166,051
413
19.4
467
21.9
20,389
339
20,728
7
1.4
8
1.5
273
4
277
Oklahoma City, OK
89
7.6
112
9.4
2,365
5
2,370
Omaha–Council Bluffs, NE–IA
82
10.0
60
7.2
1,097
3
1,100
517
25.9
461
22.7
9,108
94
9,202
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA
19
2.4
34
4.3
1,046
3
1,049
Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL
61
11.5
45
8.4
1,556
11
1,567
1,364
23.5
1,275
21.9
29,476
315
29,791
112
9.0
96
7.7
3,217
42
3,259
1,157
29.8
1,053
27.1
23,144
252
23,396
95
13.8
126
18.2
3,115
21
3,136
Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale, AZ
355
8.8
452
10.8
7,883
31
7,914
Pittsburgh, PA
134
5.7
145
6.2
3,322
20
3,342
New York Division
Newark Division
Ogden–Clearfield, UT
Orlando, FL
Philadelphia, PA–NJ–DE–MD
Camden Division
Philadelphia Division
Wilmington Division
Portland–South Portland, ME
Total
202,305
34
6.6
24
4.7
586
0
586
Portland–Vancouver–Beaverton, OR–WA
212
9.9
186
8.6
5,006
10
5,016
Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY
109
16.4
67
10.0
3,231
24
3,255
Providence–New Bedford–Fall River, RI–MA
155
9.7
104
6.5
4,007
44
4,051
Raleigh–Cary, NC
205
20.5
153
14.6
2,153
13
2,166
Richmond, VA
121
10.1
97
8.0
3,465
35
3,500
Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA
319
8.0
427
10.5
9,078
61
9,139
Rochester, NY
132
12.8
122
11.8
3,267
13
3,280
Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville, CA
166
8.0
131
6.3
4,155
26
4,181
St. Louis, MO–IL
364
12.9
233
8.2
6,220
40
6,260
Salt Lake City, UT
40
3.7
48
4.4
1,792
10
1,802
San Antonio, TX
246
12.7
239
12.0
5,223
30
5,253
San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos, CA
380
12.9
478
16.1
13,489
65
13,554
San Francisco, CA
705
16.9
1,091
26.0
41,498
98
41,596
Oakland Division
250
10.2
373
15.0
9,987
50
10,037
San Francisco Division
455
26.7
718
41.7
31,511
48
31,559
San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA
145
8.2
152
8.4
3,924
15
3,939
San Juan–Caguas–Guaynabo, PR
571
22.0
590
22.7
21,993
279
22,272
Sarasota–Bradenton–Venice, FL
105
15.4
61
8.9
2,040
28
2,068
46
8.4
47
8.6
587
5
592
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA
Seattle, WA
271
8.3
312
9.4
9,468
28
9,496
Seattle Division
248
9.9
277
10.9
8,423
19
8,442
Tacoma Division
23
3.0
35
4.5
1,045
9
1,054
36
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 17. Reported AIDS cases and annual rates (per 100,000 population), by metropolitan statistical area of
residence, 2006, 2007, and cumulative—United States and Puerto Rico (cont)
Cumulative
2006
No.
Area of residence
2007
Rate
No.
Rate
Adults or
Children
adolescents (<13 yrs)
Total
Springfield, MA
46
6.7
106
15.5
2,189
27
2,216
Stockton, CA
54
8.1
60
8.9
1,142
16
1,158
Syracuse, NY
51
7.9
44
6.8
1,369
9
1,378
603
22.4
469
17.2
11,639
115
11,754
Toledo, OH
66
10.1
40
6.1
855
14
869
Tucson, AZ
95
10.0
84
8.7
2,075
10
2,085
Tulsa, OK
62
6.9
103
11.4
1,594
10
1,604
131
7.9
211
12.7
4,923
63
4,986
1,643
31.2
1,618
30.5
32,494
315
32,809
Tampa–St Petersburg–Clearwater, FL
Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC
Washington, DC–VA–MD–WV
Bethesda Division
172
15.0
185
16.0
2,956
24
2,980
1,471
35.8
1,433
34.5
29,538
291
29,829
Wichita, KS
38
6.4
30
5.0
880
2
882
Worcester, MA
77
9.9
62
7.9
1,840
21
1,861
Youngstown–Warren–Boardman, OH–PA
28
4.9
54
9.5
576
0
576
31,261
15.8
31,088
15.6
862,954
8,238
871,192
Metropolitan areas (population of 50,000 to 499,999)
4,331
7.8
4,295
7.7
96,828
830
97,658
Nonmetropolitan areas
2,753
5.5
2,555
5.1
57,151
454
57,605
38,500
12.7
38,128
12.5
1,019,432
9,559
1,028,991
Washington Division
Subtotal for MSAs (population ≥ 500,000)
Totalb
Note. Because of the lack of U.S. census information for all U.S. dependent areas, includes data for only the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
MSA, metropolitan statistical area.
MSA definitions for this report can be found at http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html.
a
Reported case counts for the metropolitan divisions do not sum to the MSA total. MSA total includes data from 1 metropolitan division with
population of <500,000.
b Includes persons whose county of residence is unknown.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
37
Table 18. Reported and diagnosed cases of HIV infection (not AIDS), by area of residence, 2007 and cumulative—47
states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection
reporting
Cumulativea
Area of residence (date HIV reporting initiated)
Reportedb Diagnosed
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 yrs)
Total
Alabama (January 1988)
529
447
6,380
50
6,430
Alaska (February 1999)
27
21
308
2
310
Arizona (January 1987)
771
488
6,329
89
6,418
Arkansas (July 1989)
206
180
2,487
18
2,505
California (April 2006)
17,588
2,687
24,199
195
24,394
Colorado (November 1985)
382
274
6,334
31
6,365
Connecticut (January 2005)c
932
259
3,178
109
3,287
Delaware (February 2006)
480
88
1,270
18
1,288
1,629
483
1,871
10
1,881
5,165
3,982
39,393
541
39,934
3,204
1,059
11,039
218
11,257
39
17
377
5
382
3,576
936
9,763
190
9,953
406
313
4,260
42
4,302
District of Columbia (November 2006)
Florida (July 1997)
d
Georgia (December 2003)
Idaho (June 1986)
Illinois (January 2006)
Indiana (July 1988)
Iowa (July 1998)
93
82
658
4
662
Kansas (July 1999)
110
79
1,330
16
1,346
Kentucky (October 2004)
414
218
1,631
22
1,653
Louisiana (February 1993)
797
642
8,450
167
8,617
Maine (January 2006)
46
36
420
3
423
Massachusetts (January 2007)
777
181
881
29
910
Michigan (April 1992)
623
498
6,996
133
7,129
Minnesota (October 1985)
289
224
3,550
40
3,590
Mississippi (August 1988)
471
411
4,892
61
4,953
Missouri (October 1987)
460
353
5,239
54
5,293
Montana (September 2006)
92
5
118
2
120
Nebraska (September 1995)
78
52
716
11
727
369
299
3,827
28
3,855
Nevada (February 1992)
New Hampshire (January 2005)
52
32
509
9
518
New Jersey (January 1992)
1,571
693
18,297
314
18,611
New Mexico (January 1998)
92
80
997
4
1,001
New York (June 2000)
5,197
2,836
45,786
1,765
47,551
North Carolina (February 1990)
1,746
1,465
15,325
154
15,479
North Dakota (January 1988)
9
3
88
2
90
Ohio (June 1990)
852
600
8,760
112
8,872
Oklahoma (June 1988)
199
172
2,449
29
2,478
Oregon (April 2006)
1,477
134
1,565
27
1,592
Pennsylvania (October 2002)e
3,694
1,007
12,162
243
12,405
Rhode Island (July 2006)
130
67
146
5
151
South Carolina (February 1986)
542
451
7,147
94
7,241
38
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 18. Reported and diagnosed cases of HIV infection (not AIDS), by area of residence, 2007 and cumulative—47
states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection
reporting (cont)
Cumulativea
Area of residence (date HIV reporting initiated)
South Dakota (January 1988)
Reportedb Diagnosed
Adults or
adolescents
Children
(<13 yrs)
Total
17
16
226
6
232
841
708
7,602
92
7,694
3,495
2,507
26,030
430
26,460
92
73
953
14
967
Virginia (July 1989)
823
560
10,790
97
10,887
Washington (March 2006)
620
386
4,423
42
4,465
West Virginia (January 1989)
55
50
689
8
697
Wisconsin (November 1985)
220
181
2,593
30
2,623
15
12
103
2
105
61,292
26,347
322,536
5,567
328,103
American Samoa (August 2001)
0
0
1
0
1
Guam (March 2000)
1
1
67
0
67
Northern Mariana Islands (October 2001)
0
0
7
0
7
1,450
580
6,693
108
6,801
20
17
253
7
260
151
54
1,016
87
1,103
63,230
27,126
331,768
5,822
337,590
Tennessee (January 1992)
Texas (January 1999)f
Utah (April 1989)
Wyoming (June 1989)
Subtotal
U.S. dependent areas
Puerto Rico (January 2003)
U.S. Virgin Islands (December 1998)
Persons reported from areas with confidential name-based HIV
infection reporting but who were residents of other areas
Totalg
Note. Includes data from 47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting as of
December 2007.
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) reported in 2007 include cases diagnosed during earlier years.
c
Beginning in 1992, Connecticut had name-based HIV reporting for cases in children only. From January 2002 through December 2004, Connecticut had
name- or code-based HIV reporting for cases in adolescents and adults. As of January 2005, Connecticut has name-based reporting of all cases of HIV
infection.
d Florida has confidential name-based HIV infection reporting for only the diagnoses made during July 1997 or later.
e On October 18, 2002, Pennsylvania initiated confidential name-based HIV infection reporting in all areas except Philadelphia. Code-based reporting was
implemented in Philadelphia in March 2004, and the switch to name-based reporting was made in October 2005.
f
From February 1994 through December 1998, Texas reported HIV infection in children only.
g
Includes 1,248 persons reported from areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting but whose area of residence is unknown.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
39
Table 19. Reported AIDS cases, by transmission category and sex, 2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent
areas
Males
2007
Transmission category
No.
Adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and
injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion
recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk
factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissuec
Other/risk factor not reported or
identifiedd
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
Mother with documented HIV infection
or 1 of the following risk factors
Injection drug use
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion
recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk
factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissue
Has HIV infection, risk factor not
specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissuee
Other/risk factor not reported or
identifiedf
Subtotal
Total
Females
Cumulativea
%
No.
Total
Cumulativea
2007
%
No.
%
No.
%
Cumulativea
2007
No.
%
No.
%
14,383
3,103
1,514
51
11
5
445,645
166,251
67,797
54
20
8
—
1,633
—
—
16
—
—
69,591
—
—
35
—
14,383
4,736
1,514
38
12
4
445,645
235,842
67,797
44
23
7
37
2,791
281
—
4
31
0
10
1
—
0
0
5,212
52,623
11,941
—
90
584
1
6
1
—
0
0
9
4,713
704
233
10
25
0
47
7
2
0
0
355
90,229
26,825
5,415
513
819
0
45
13
3
0
0
46
7,504
985
233
14
56
0
20
3
1
0
0
5,567
142,852
38,766
5,415
603
1,403
1
14
4
1
0
0
2,475
9
40,008
5
3,741
37
56,657
28
6,216
16
96,665
9
50
0
5,181
1
59
1
4,134
2
109
0
9,315
1
6,442
23
77,328
9
3,563
36
36,896
18
10,005
26
114,224
11
28,320
100
820,037
100
9,977
100
201,205
100
38,297
100
1,021,242
100
0
30
0
77
222
4,333
5
89
0
43
0
90
7
4,464
0
95
0
73
0
84
229
8,797
2
92
8
2
1
0
0
21
5
3
0
0
1,675
783
103
20
11
34
16
2
0
0
10
3
1
0
0
21
6
2
0
0
1,673
752
111
16
15
36
16
2
0
0
18
5
2
0
0
21
6
2
0
0
3,348
1,535
214
36
26
35
16
2
0
0
8
21
746
15
8
17
804
17
16
18
1,550
16
0
0
70
1
0
0
82
2
0
0
152
2
11
28
925
19
21
44
1,011
21
32
37
1,936
20
1
3
242
5
0
0
141
3
1
1
383
4
8
21
87
2
5
10
94
2
13
15
181
2
39
100
4,884
100
48
100
4,706
100
87
100
9,590
100
28,359
100
824,921
100
10,025
100
205,911
100
38,384
100
a From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c
1,030,832g 100
AIDS developed in 43 adults/adolescents after they received transfusion of HIV-infected blood that had tested negative for HIV antibodies. AIDS
developed in 13 additional adults after they received tissue, organs, or artificial insemination from HIV-infected donors.
d
Includes 37 adults/adolescents who were exposed to HIV-infected blood, body fluids, or concentrated virus in health care, laboratory, or household
settings, as supported by seroconversion, epidemiologic, or laboratory evidence. One person was infected after intentional inoculation with HIV-infected
blood. Includes an additional 908 persons who acquired HIV infection perinatally but who were more than 12 years of age when AIDS was diagnosed.
These 908 persons are not counted in the values for the pediatric transmission category.
e AIDS developed in 3 children after they received transfusion of HIV-infected blood that had tested negative for HIV antibodies.
f
Includes 25 children who had sexual contact with an HIV-infected man and an additional 4 children who were exposed to HIV-infected blood in
household, health care, or other settings, as supported by seroconversion, epidemiologic, or laboratory evidence.
g
Includes 2 persons of unknown sex.
40
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 20. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS), by transmission category and sex, 2007 and cumulative—47 states,
the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Males
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
Females
%
No.
%
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Total
%
No.
%
Cumulativea
2007
No.
%
No.
%
Adult or adolescent
Male-to-male sexual contact
29,713
61
129,915
54
—
—
—
—
29,713
47
129,915
39
Injection drug use
3,653
8
27,158
11
2,041
14
15,509
17
5,694
9
42,667
13
Male-to-male sexual contact and
injection drug use
2,298
5
12,920
5
—
—
—
—
2,298
4
12,920
4
65
0
560
0
8
0
79
0
73
0
639
0
3,333
7
19,490
8
6,528
46
43,517
47
9,861
16
63,007
19
345
1
2,825
1
863
6
7,353
8
1,208
2
10,178
3
—
—
—
—
299
2
2,491
3
299
0
2,491
1
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with person with hemophilia
4
0
32
0
15
0
207
0
19
0
239
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion
recipient
28
0
155
0
54
0
276
0
82
0
431
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk
factor not specified
2,956
6
16,478
7
5,297
37
33,190
36
8,253
13
49,668
15
64
0
510
0
71
0
545
1
135
0
1,055
0
9,221
19
49,207
21
5,578
39
32,354
35
14,799
24
81,565
25
48,347
100
239,760
100
14,226
100
92,004
100
62,573
100
331,768
100
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or
identified
Subtotal
Child (<13 yrs at diagnosis)
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
7
2
108
4
0
0
1
0
7
1
109
2
254
81
2,397
85
283
82
2,669
89
537
82
5,066
87
Injection drug use
44
14
556
20
61
18
615
20
105
16
1,171
20
Sex with injection drug user
22
7
226
8
14
4
223
7
36
5
449
8
Sex with bisexual male
2
1
39
1
7
2
38
1
9
1
77
1
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
3
0
1
0
9
0
1
0
12
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion
recipient
0
0
4
0
1
0
5
0
1
0
9
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk
factor not specified
76
24
600
21
89
26
698
23
165
25
1,298
22
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissue
1
0
17
1
0
0
19
1
1
0
36
1
Has HIV infection, risk factor not
specified
109
35
952
34
110
32
1,062
35
219
33
2,014
35
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood
components, or tissue
1
0
25
1
2
1
25
1
3
0
50
1
50
16
290
10
60
17
307
10
110
17
597
10
312
100
2,820
100
345
100
3,002
100
657
100
5,822
100
48,659
100
242,580
100
14,571
100
95,006
100
63,230
100
Mother with documented HIV infection or
1 of the following risk factors
Other/risk factor not reported or
identified
Subtotal
Total
337,590c 100
Note. See Table 18 for the list of 47 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting as of December 2007.
a From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c
Includes 4 persons of unknown sex.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
41
Table 21. Reported AIDS cases for male adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/ethnicity,
2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
American Indian/Alaska Native
Male-to-male sexual contact
71
54
1,473
55
Injection drug use
18
14
410
15
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
15
11
477
18
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
25
1
High-risk heterosexual contactb
6
5
119
4
Sex with injection drug user
1
1
31
1
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
3
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
5
4
85
3
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
1
1
8
0
20
15
171
6
131
100
2,683
100
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Asian
Male-to-male sexual contact
c
216
57
4,154
67
Injection drug use
16
4
299
5
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
10
3
260
4
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
1
0
63
1
High-risk heterosexual contactb
34
9
378
6
Sex with injection drug user
4
1
49
1
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
1
0
2
1
12
0
28
7
316
5
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
4
1
104
2
96
25
973
16
377
100
6,231
100
Black/African American
Male-to-male sexual contact
4,497
39
Injection drug use
1,391
460
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
42
108,134
37
12
84,645
29
4
22,917
8
9
0
614
0
1,677
15
31,669
11
149
1
6,949
2
2
0
41
0
11
0
249
0
1,515
13
24,430
8
20
0
1,195
0
3,497
30
42,527
15
11,551
100
291,701
100
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 21. Reported AIDS cases for male adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/ethnicity,
2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Hispanic/Latinod
Male-to-male sexual contact
2,926
48
68,278
44
Injection drug use
903
15
47,344
30
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
297
5
11,366
7
4
0
468
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
626
10
11,698
8
Sex with injection drug user
67
1
2,489
2
1
0
12
0
8
0
133
0
550
9
9,064
6
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
8
0
663
0
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
1,350
22
15,743
10
Total
6,114
100
155,560
100
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Male-to-male sexual contact
39
70
430
76
Injection drug use
2
4
26
5
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
3
5
29
5
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
5
1
High-risk heterosexual contactb
1
2
28
5
Sex with injection drug user
0
0
5
1
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
1
2
23
4
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
0
0
3
1
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
11
20
42
7
Total
56
100
563
100
White
Male-to-male sexual contact
6,490
66
260,797
73
Injection drug use
737
8
32,425
9
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
711
7
32,325
9
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
23
0
4,013
1
High-risk heterosexual contactb
417
4
8,260
2
Sex with injection drug user
56
1
2,348
1
1
0
36
0
10
0
183
0
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
350
4
5,693
2
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
17
0
3,176
1
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
1,410
14
17,302
5
Total
9,805
100
358,298
100
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
43
Table 21. Reported AIDS cases for male adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/ethnicity,
2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Total
Male-to-male sexual contact
14,383
51
445,645
54
Injection drug use
3,103
11
166,251
20
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
1,514
5
67,797
8
37
0
5,212
1
2,791
10
52,623
6
281
1
11,941
1
4
0
90
0
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
31
0
584
0
2,475
9
40,008
5
50
0
5,181
1
6,442
23
77,328
9
28,320e
100
820,037f
100
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
d
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e
Includes 286 males of unknown race or multiple races.
f Includes 5,001 males of unknown race or multiple races.
44
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 22. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for male adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
American Indian/Alaska Native
Male-to-male sexual contact
123
61
614
58
Injection drug use
13
6
106
10
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
21
10
130
12
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
1
0
1
0
10
5
63
6
Sex with injection drug user
1
0
16
2
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
0
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
9
4
47
4
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
0
0
1
0
33
16
143
14
201
100
1,058
100
1,362
68
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Asianc
Male-to-male sexual contact
596
77
Injection drug use
11
1
56
3
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
22
3
46
2
0
0
1
0
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contact
b
41
5
120
6
Sex with injection drug user
0
0
6
0
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
3
0
5
0
38
5
109
5
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
4
1
9
0
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
102
13
400
20
Total
776
100
1,994
100
Black/African American
Male-to-male sexual contact
7,320
45
36,389
39
Injection drug use
1,510
9
13,189
14
526
3
3,958
4
13
0
120
0
2,009
180
1
10
1,818
12
1
0
0
11
12,470
1,662
16
83
10,709
13
2
0
0
11
24
0
228
0
4,877
30
27,421
29
16,279
100
93,775
100
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
45
Table 22. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for male adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Hispanic/Latinod
Male-to-male sexual contact
6,077
60
Injection drug use
1,115
401
3
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
21,173
51
11
7,327
17
4
1,825
4
0
32
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
677
7
3,557
8
Sex with injection drug user
98
1
534
1
2
0
8
0
5
0
23
0
572
6
2,992
7
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
16
0
67
0
1,768
18
7,931
19
10,057
100
41,912
100
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
69
76
161
74
4
4
7
3
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
4
4
10
5
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
0
0
0
0
5
5
13
6
1
Sex with injection drug user
1
1
3
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
4
4
10
5
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
0
0
1
0
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
9
10
27
12
91
100
219
100
15,345
74
69,234
70
Total
White
Male-to-male sexual contact
Injection drug use
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contact
b
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
46
978
5
6,247
6
1,307
6
6,827
7
48
0
403
0
571
62
1
10
498
3
0
0
0
2
3,075
577
8
44
2,446
3
1
0
0
2
19
0
197
0
2,393
12
12,541
13
20,661
100
98,524
100
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 22. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for male adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
%
29,713
61
129,915
54
Injection drug use
3,653
8
27,158
11
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use
2,298
5
12,920
5
65
0
560
0
3,333
7
19,490
8
345
1
2,825
1
4
0
32
0
28
0
155
0
2,956
6
16,478
7
Transmission category
No.
%
Total
Male-to-male sexual contact
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
64
0
510
0
9,221
19
49,207
21
48,347e
100
239,760f
100
Note. See Table 18 for the list of 47 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting as of December
2007.
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
d Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e
Includes 282 males of unknown race or multiple races.
f
Includes 2,278 males of unknown race or multiple races.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
47
Table 23. Reported AIDS cases for female adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/
ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
American Indian/Alaska Native
Injection drug use
8
18
286
40
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
3
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
22
50
299
42
Sex with injection drug user
7
16
115
16
Sex with bisexual male
1
2
28
4
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
2
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
6
1
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
14
32
148
21
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
1
2
18
3
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
13
30
105
15
Total
44
100
711
100
95
9
Asian
Injection drug use
2
2
c
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
7
1
High-risk heterosexual contactb
47
53
540
54
Sex with injection drug user
5
6
92
9
Sex with bisexual male
2
2
74
7
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
3
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
18
2
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
40
45
353
35
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
3
3
87
9
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
36
41
274
27
Total
88
100
1,003
100
Black/African American
Injection drug use
817
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
13
39,793
33
7
0
149
0
2,928
46
52,928
44
Sex with injection drug user
345
5
13,871
12
Sex with bisexual male
139
2
2,498
2
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with person with hemophilia
3
0
122
0
17
0
297
0
2,424
38
36,140
30
33
1
1,517
1
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
2,516
40
25,761
21
Total
6,301
100
120,148
100
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
48
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 23. Reported AIDS cases for female adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/
ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Hispanic/Latinod
Injection drug use
313
18
13,298
35
0
0
68
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
894
52
18,991
50
Sex with injection drug user
152
9
6,705
17
33
2
857
2
Sex with person with hemophilia
1
0
46
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
3
0
142
0
705
41
11,241
29
8
0
613
2
490
29
5,370
14
1,705
100
38,340
100
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Injection drug use
2
14
22
19
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
0
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
8
57
63
54
Sex with injection drug user
1
7
23
20
Sex with bisexual male
1
7
7
6
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
1
1
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
2
2
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
6
43
30
26
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
1
7
6
5
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
3
21
25
22
14
100
116
100
Total
White
Injection drug use
471
28
15,473
40
2
0
125
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
756
45
16,541
42
Sex with injection drug user
188
11
5,839
15
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
Sex with bisexual male
55
3
1,915
5
Sex with person with hemophilia
6
0
336
1
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
5
0
344
1
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
502
30
8,107
21
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
12
1
1,858
5
452
27
5,046
13
1,693
100
39,043
100
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
49
Table 23. Reported AIDS cases for female adults and adolescents, by transmission category and race/
ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—United States and dependent areas (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Total
Injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
1,633
16
69,591
35
9
0
355
0
4,713
47
90,229
45
Sex with injection drug user
704
7
26,825
13
Sex with bisexual male
233
2
5,415
3
Sex with person with hemophilia
10
0
513
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
25
0
819
0
3,741
37
56,657
28
59
1
4,134
2
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
3,563
36
36,896
18
Total
9,977e
100
201,205f
100
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
a
From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
d
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e
Includes 132 females of unknown race or multiple races.
f
Includes 1,844 females of unknown race or multiple races.
50
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 24. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for female adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
American Indian/Alaska Native
Injection drug use
18
26
121
28
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
0
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
27
39
204
47
Sex with injection drug user
5
7
56
13
Sex with bisexual male
1
1
16
4
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
2
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
21
30
130
30
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
0
0
1
0
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
24
35
109
25
Total
69
100
435
100
Asian
c
Injection drug use
7
4
19
4
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
1
1
2
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
88
54
235
47
Sex with injection drug user
6
4
17
3
Sex with bisexual male
4
2
12
2
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
7
4
7
1
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
71
44
199
40
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
3
2
7
1
63
39
233
47
162
100
496
100
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
Black/African American
Injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contactb
894
11
7,781
14
2
0
36
0
3,561
44
26,378
46
Sex with injection drug user
358
4
3,660
6
Sex with bisexual male
123
2
1,357
2
8
0
75
0
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
18
0
138
0
3,054
38
21,148
37
40
0
325
1
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
3,622
45
22,212
39
Total
8,119
100
56,732
100
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
51
Table 24. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for female adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
Injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contact
b
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
%
No.
Hispanic/Latino
d
%
375
13
2,578
18
2
0
13
0
1,470
53
7,587
52
233
8
1,519
10
63
2
323
2
1
0
12
0
15
1
53
0
1,158
41
5,680
39
7
0
56
0
941
34
4,374
30
2,795
100
14,608
100
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Injection drug use
3
16
9
18
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
0
0
0
0
High-risk heterosexual contactb
13
68
28
56
Sex with injection drug user
3
16
5
10
Sex with bisexual male
0
0
4
8
Sex with person with hemophilia
0
0
0
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
0
0
0
0
10
53
19
38
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
0
0
0
0
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
3
16
13
26
19
100
50
100
4,819
26
Total
White
Injection drug use
733
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
25
3
0
26
0
1,326
45
8,644
46
Sex with injection drug user
246
8
2,024
11
Sex with bisexual male
105
4
756
4
High-risk heterosexual contactb
Sex with person with hemophilia
6
0
116
1
14
0
78
0
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
955
32
5,670
30
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
17
1
150
1
892
30
5,041
27
2,971
100
18,680
100
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
52
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Table 24. Reported cases of HIV infection (not AIDS) for female adults and adolescents, by transmission
category and race/ethnicity, 2007 and cumulative—47 states, the District of Columbia, and 5 U.S.
dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting (cont)
Cumulativea
2007
No.
Transmission category
%
No.
%
Total
Injection drug use
Hemophilia/coagulation disorder
High-risk heterosexual contact
b
2,041
14
15,509
17
8
0
79
0
6,528
46
43,517
47
Sex with injection drug user
863
6
7,353
8
Sex with bisexual male
299
2
2,491
3
Sex with person with hemophilia
15
0
207
0
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
54
0
276
0
5,297
37
33,190
36
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Other/risk factor not reported or identified
Total
71
0
545
1
5,578
39
32,354
35
14,226e
100
92,004f
100
Note. See Table 18 for the list of 47 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting as of December
2007.
a From the beginning of the epidemic through 2007.
b
Heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or to be at high risk for, HIV infection.
c
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
d
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e Includes 91 females of unknown race or multiple races.
f
Includes 1,003 females of unknown race or multiple races.
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
53
54
Table 25. Reported cases of HIV/AIDS in infants born to HIV-infected mothers, by year of report and selected characteristics, 1994–2007—25 states
with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting
Year of report
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
2
0
Child’s race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
a
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
2
215
200
158
120
94
77
77
84
66
62
61
70
47
57
31
20
19
14
10
11
15
13
18
10
15
18
8
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
76
73
45
25
27
18
10
17
20
15
10
15
11
9
120
65
8
2
1
82
6
46
90
43
11
2
0
86
4
59
77
40
5
0
0
49
3
50
49
27
5
0
0
53
2
30
23
19
2
1
0
46
2
39
23
21
5
1
0
29
1
29
24
8
3
1
0
42
0
25
21
9
5
1
0
47
2
30
13
11
2
0
0
40
1
40
9
7
5
1
0
40
0
32
6
5
4
0
0
33
0
38
18
8
6
0
0
35
0
40
7
6
2
0
0
24
0
35
11
5
0
0
1
15
0
47
HIV infection
123
130
114
89
90
68
73
74
71
76
68
88
58
64
AIDS
207
165
110
77
42
41
30
41
36
18
18
19
16
15
Totald
330
295
224
166
132
109
103
115
107
94
86
107
74
79
Black/African American
Reports of Cases of HIV Infection (Not AIDS), AIDS, and HIV/AIDS
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Perinatal transmission category
Mother with documented HIV infection or 1 of the following risk factors
Injection drug use
Sex with injection drug user
Sex with bisexual male
Sex with person with hemophilia
Sex with HIV-infected transfusion recipient
Sex with HIV-infected person, risk factor not specified
Receipt of blood transfusion, blood components, or tissue
Has HIV infection, risk factor not specified
Child’s diagnosisc
Note. Since 1994, the following 25 states have had laws and regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV infection reporting: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Indiana,
Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia,
West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Data include children with a diagnosis of HIV infection (not AIDS), a diagnosis of HIV infection and a later diagnosis of AIDS, or concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS.
a
Includes Asian/Pacific Islander legacy cases (see Technical Notes).
b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
c
In the surveillance system as of June 2008.
d
Includes children of unknown race or multiple races.
Technical Notes
SURVEILLANCE OF HIV INFECTION
(NOT AIDS)
This report includes data from case reports from 53
areas (see Table 18 for list of areas) that had laws or
regulations requiring confidential reporting by name
for adults, adolescents, and children with confirmed
HIV infection (not AIDS) in addition to the reporting
of persons with AIDS as of December 31, 2007. After
the removal of personal identifying information, data
from these reports were submitted to CDC. The
implementation of HIV reporting has differed from
state to state. Before 1991, surveillance of HIV infection (not AIDS) was not standardized, and the reporting of HIV infection (not AIDS) was based primarily
on passive surveillance. The information on many of
the cases reported before 1991 is not complete. Since
then, CDC has assisted states in conducting active surveillance of HIV infection (not AIDS) by the use of
standardized report forms and software.
Data on HIV infection (not AIDS) should be interpreted with caution. HIV surveillance reports may not
be representative of all persons infected with HIV
because not all infected persons have been tested.
Many HIV-reporting states offer anonymous HIV
testing; the results of anonymous tests are not
reported to the confidential name-based HIV registries of state and local health departments. Therefore,
reports of confidential test results may not represent
all persons who tested positive for HIV infection. Furthermore, many factors, including the extent to which
testing is routinely offered to specific groups and the
availability of, and access to, medical care and testing
services, may influence testing patterns. These data
provide a minimum estimate of the number of persons
known to be HIV infected in states with confidential
HIV reporting. As of December 31, 2007, 2 areas
(Hawaii and Vermont) had implemented a code-based
system for conducting case surveillance of HIV infection (not AIDS). Maryland had implemented confidential name-based HIV infection reporting but had
not begun reporting cases to CDC. Data on cases of
HIV infection (not AIDS) from these areas are not
included in the HIV data tables.
For this report, we classified cases in adults, adolescents, and children aged 18 months and older by
using the 2000 revised HIV surveillance case definition, which incorporates positive test results or reports
of a detectable quantity of HIV nucleic acid or plasma
HIV RNA [1]. For children younger than 18 months,
the pediatric HIV reporting criteria reflect diagnostic
advances that permit the diagnosis of HIV infection
during the first months of life. By the use of HIV
nucleic acid detection tests, HIV infection can be
detected in nearly all infants aged 1 month and older.
The timing of the HIV serologic and HIV nucleic acid
detection tests specified in the definitive and presumptive criteria for HIV infection is based on the
recommended practices for diagnosing infection in
children younger than 18 months and on evaluations
of the performance of these tests for children in this
age group. Children younger than 18 months who
were born to an HIV-infected mother were categorized as having been exposed perinatally to HIV
infection if the child did not meet the criteria for HIV
infection or the criteria for “not infected with HIV”
[1, 2]. Children born before 1994 were considered
HIV infected if they met the HIV case definition in
the 1987 pediatric classification system for HIV
infection [3].
Because states initiated reporting on different dates,
the length of time that reporting has been in place
influences the number of HIV infection cases
reported. For example, data presented for a given year
may include cases reported during only part of the
year. Before implementing statewide HIV reporting,
some states collected data on cases of HIV infection
(not AIDS) in selected populations. Therefore, these
states have reports that precede the initiation of statewide confidential reporting. A state with confidential
HIV infection reporting also may report persons who
tested positive in that state but who were residents of
other states. Therefore, when HIV data are presented
by state of residence, cases reported before a state initiated reporting may have been reported from a state
that did have confidential HIV infection reporting.
Over time, HIV infection may progress to AIDS
and be reported to surveillance. Persons with HIV
infection (not AIDS) who are later reported as having
55
AIDS are deleted from the HIV infection (not AIDS)
tables and added to the AIDS tables. Persons with
HIV infection may be tested at any point on the clinical spectrum of disease; therefore, the time between
diagnosis of HIV infection and diagnosis of AIDS differs. In addition, because surveillance practices differ,
the reporting and updating of persons’ clinical and
vital status differ among states. The completeness of
reporting of HIV infection (not AIDS) is estimated at
more than 80% [4].
SURVEILLANCE OF AIDS
All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S.
dependent areas report AIDS cases to CDC by using a
uniform surveillance case definition and case report
form. The original definition was modified in 1985 and
1987 [5, 6]. The case definition for adults and adolescents was modified again in 1993 [7; see also 8]. The
revisions incorporated a broader range of AIDSindicator diseases and conditions and used HIV diagnostic tests to improve the sensitivity and specificity of
the definition. The laboratory and diagnostic criteria
for the 1987 pediatric case definition [3] were updated
in 1994 [9]. Effective January 1, 2000, the surveillance
case definition for HIV infection was revised to incorporate new laboratory tests. The definition incorporates
the reporting criteria for HIV infection and AIDS into a
single case definition for adults and children [1].
For persons with laboratory-confirmed HIV infection, the 1987 revision incorporated encephalopathy,
wasting syndrome, and other indicator diseases that are
diagnosed presumptively (i.e., without confirmatory
laboratory evidence of opportunistic infection). In
addition to the 23 clinical conditions in the 1987 definition, the 1993 case definition for adults and adolescents includes HIV infection among persons with
CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of fewer than 200 cells/µL
or a CD4+ percentage of less than 14 or a diagnosis of
pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, or invasive cervical cancer. For adults, adolescents, and children aged 18 months and older, the 2000 revised HIV
surveillance case definition incorporates positive test
results or reports of a detectable quantity of HIV
nucleic acid or plasma HIV RNA.
The pediatric case definition incorporates the
revised 1994 pediatric classification system for evidence of HIV infection. Cases in children who tested
positive by Western blot or HIV detection tests before
56
October 1994 were categorized according to the 1987
classification system. For children of any age (birth to
13 years) with an AIDS-defining condition that
requires evidence of HIV infection, a single positive
HIV virologic test result (i.e., HIV nucleic acid [DNA
or RNA], HIV viral culture, HIV p24 antigen) is sufficient for a reportable AIDS diagnosis if the diagnosis
is documented by a physician.
Although the completeness of reporting of AIDS
cases to state and local health departments differs by
geographic region and patient population, studies conducted by state and local health departments indicate
that the reporting of AIDS cases in most areas of the
United States is more than 85% complete (CDC,
unpublished data, 2005) [4, 10–11]. In addition, multiple routes of exposure, opportunistic infections diagnosed after the initial AIDS case report was submitted
to CDC, and vital status may not be determined or
reported for all cases. However, for persons reported
as having AIDS, the reporting of deaths is estimated
to be more than 90% complete [12].
Since January 1, 1994, CDC has not accepted
AIDS case reports that meet only the laboratory-based
immunologic criteria of the 1993 expanded surveillance case definition [7] if information on sex or race/
ethnicity is missing. A small number of case reports
previously submitted to CDC without those variables
have been returned to the health departments for
follow-up and have been deleted from the totals.
TABULATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
The data in this report are provisional. This report
includes information received by CDC through June
30, 2008. This report is organized in 5 sections. In
Sections 1–3 (i.e., Tables 1–14 and Figure 1), data
have been statistically adjusted for delays in the reporting of cases and deaths and for missing risk-factor
information. For the assessment of trends in cases,
deaths, or prevalence, it is preferable to use adjusted
data, presented by year of diagnosis instead of year of
report, to eliminate artifacts of reporting in the surveillance system. Section 4, which presents survival data,
is discussed later in the Technical Notes. In Section 5
(Tables 16–25), HIV and AIDS data are tabulated by
date of report to CDC.
Technical Notes
Areas with Mature HIV Reporting System
Included in Estimates of Cases of
HIV Infection
The inclusion of areas with mature confidential
name-based HIV reporting for tabulation and presentation of HIV/AIDS and HIV infection (not AIDS)
data was based on the date that HIV infection reporting was implemented in the area and the ability to calculate 4 years of reporting delays in order to display
trends reliably [13, 14]. This report includes 39 areas
(34 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) with laws or
regulations requiring confidential name-based HIV
infection reporting since at least 2003. The 39 areas
comprise 34 states (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona,
Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia,
West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) and 5 U.S.
dependent areas (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin
Islands). For Tables 1 and 2, we used data from these
39 areas to estimate the numbers of cases of HIV/
AIDS. We also used these data to estimate the numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS (Tables 9 and
10) and to estimate the number of diagnoses of HIV
infection (not AIDS) (Table 14).
Areas with HIV Reporting System as of
December 31, 2007, Included in Reports of
HIV Infection (Not AIDS)
Areas included in tabulations of reports of HIV
infection (not AIDS) are based on the date of implementation of name-based HIV infection reporting as
of December 31, 2007. For Tables 18, 20, 22, and 24,
we used data from 53 areas (47 states, the District of
Columbia, and 5 U.S. dependent areas) to describe
reports of cases of HIV infection (not AIDS).
Age
The designation “adults and adolescents” refers to
persons aged 13 years and older; the designation
“children” refers to persons less than 13 years of age.
For presentations of data on persons living with HIV/
AIDS, HIV infection (not AIDS), or AIDS (Tables 9–
14), the age-group assignment is based on the person’s age as of December 31, 2007. For Table 8,
which concerns deaths of persons with AIDS, agegroup assignment is determined by the person’s age at
the time of death. For all other tables, the age designation (for example, “adults and adolescents”) or the
specific age-group assignment (for example, 20–24
years) is based on the person’s age at the time of the
first documented positive result of an HIV antibody
test (for persons with a diagnosis of HIV infection) or
the person’s age at the time AIDS was diagnosed.
Race and Ethnicity
In the Federal Register for October 30, 1997 [15],
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
announced the Revisions to the Standards for the
Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity.
Implementation by January 1, 2003, was mandated. At
a minimum, data on the following racial categories
should be collected:
• American Indian or Alaska Native
• Asian
• black or African American
• Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
• white
Additionally, systems must be able to retain information when multiple racial categories are reported.
In addition to data on race, data on 2 categories of ethnicity should be collected:
• Hispanic or Latino
• not Hispanic or Latino
This report is the first annual surveillance report in
which the new racial categories have been used for
presentation of HIV/AIDS and AIDS surveillance
data. The Asian or Pacific Islander category displayed
in previous HIV/AIDS surveillance reports has been
split into 2 categories: (1) Asian and (2) Native
Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. The Asian category includes the cases in Asians/Pacific Islanders
(referred to as legacy cases) that were reported before
the implementation of the new racial categories in
2003 and a small percentage of cases in Asians/
Pacific Islanders that were reported after 2003 but that
were reported according to the old racial category
(Asian/Pacific Islander). Persons who reported multiple racial categories or whose race was unknown are
included in the total numbers in Tables 1, 2, 4–6, 8–
10, 12, 13, 15, and 21–25. Also, the number of persons reported in each race category may include per-
Technical Notes
57
sons whose ethnicity was not reported. In this report,
the persons categorized as white or black/African
American were not Hispanic or Latino.
Cases of HIV/AIDS and AIDS
In this report, the term HIV/AIDS is used to refer to
3 categories of diagnoses collectively: (1) a diagnosis
of HIV infection (not AIDS), (2) a diagnosis of HIV
infection with a later diagnosis of AIDS, and (3) concurrent diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS. For
analyses of HIV/AIDS data, we used data from 39
areas (i.e., 34 states and 5 U.S. dependent areas) that
have had HIV infection reporting for a sufficient
length of time (i.e., since at least 2003) to allow for
stabilization of data collection and for adjustment of
the data in order to monitor trends. Tables 1, 2, 9, and
10 summarize cases and prevalence of HIV/AIDS.
For analysis of AIDS cases, we used data from the 50
states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. dependent
areas.
HIV Incidence
In 1998, Janssen and colleagues described the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion
(STARHS). This procedure made it possible to estimate HIV incidence by classifying HIV infections as
recent or longstanding through the combined use of the
standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a biomarker
test (currently, the BED [named for the 3 HIV subtypes that constitute the polypeptide] HIV-1 capture
EIA) [16, 17]. HIV incidence surveillance programs
integrated HIV incidence surveillance into their HIV
surveillance systems by (1) ensuring that remnant
HIV-positive diagnostic specimens were tested by
using STARHS and (2) collecting data on the person’s
history of HIV testing and antiretroviral use [18]. This
report presents population-based HIV incidence
estimates obtained through CDC’s HIV incidence
surveillance.
A stratified extrapolation approach based on a sample survey method was used to determine the
population-based HIV incidence estimate [19]. The
estimated number of new HIV infections in 2006 in
the 50 states and the District of Columbia was based
on the total number of persons in 22 states whose HIV
diagnosis had been made during 2006 and a sample of
those persons, whose specimens had been tested by
the BED assay and whose BED result classified their
infection as recent. A sampling weight was assigned
to each person in the sample; the weight was based on
the probability that the person was tested for HIV
within 1 year after infection and the probability that
the BED result was “recent.” All infections diagnosed
as AIDS at the time of, or within 6 months after, a
diagnosis of HIV infection were classified as longterm infections.
Because HIV incidence estimates require additional
time for the receipt of STARHS results, estimates
described in this report are for 2006. HIV incidence
was estimated by using data on persons in 22 states
who were 13 years or older, whose HIV infection had
been diagnosed (with or without a concurrent AIDS
diagnosis) during 2006, and whose case had been
reported to CDC by the end of June 2007. The 22
states are Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut,
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana,
Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and
Washington. The estimate of incidence in these 22
states was extrapolated to the 50 states and the District
of Columbia by determining the ratio of HIV incidence to AIDS diagnosis in the 22 states that contributed data and applying that ratio to the AIDS
diagnoses in states without HIV incidence surveillance. Because the HIV incidence estimates presented
in Table 3 are for 2006, the race/ethnicity categories
are the categories used in previous surveillance reports
and thus are not consistent with the race/ethnicity categories used in other tables of this report.
Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, HIV Infection
(Not AIDS), or AIDS
Tabulations of persons living with HIV/AIDS, HIV
infection (not AIDS), or with AIDS (Tables 9–14) do
not reflect actual counts of cases reported to the surveillance system. Rather, the estimates are based on
numbers of reported cases, which have been adjusted
for delays in the reporting of cases and deaths.
Deaths of Persons with AIDS
Tabulations of deaths of persons with AIDS (Table
8) do not reflect actual counts of deaths reported to
the surveillance system. Rather, the estimates are
based on numbers of reported deaths, which have
been adjusted for delays in reporting.
Technical Notes
58
Geographic Designations
The areas of residence included in the report are
defined as follows:
Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, and Vermont
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin
South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West
Virginia
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,
Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming
U.S. dependent areas: American Samoa, Guam,
the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the
U.S. Virgin Islands
Metropolitan Statistical Areas
In the Federal Register for December 27, 2000, the
OMB published revised standards for defining metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for use in federal statistical activities [20]. These standards, which
provided for the identification of MSAs in the United
States and Puerto Rico, replaced the 1990 standards.
The adoption of the new standards was effective as of
December 27, 2000. On June 6, 2003, the OMB
announced new MSA definitions based on the new
standards and Census 2000 data [21]. Table 17 presents reported AIDS cases, by MSA, for areas with
populations of more than 500,000. The MSAs listed
in Table 17 are defined according to the OMB’s most
recent update (November 2007) of statistical areas
[22].
Survival Analyses
For the survival analyses presented in Section 4
(Table 15 and Figures 2–4), we used the KaplanMeier method to estimate the probability of survival
for persons with AIDS whose case data were reported
by June 30, 2008. Table 15 was limited to AIDS cases
diagnosed during 2002, and Figures 2–4 were limited
to cases diagnosed during 1998–2005. Table 15 and
the figures were limited to deaths through December
31, 2006; this was done to allow at least 18 months
for a death to be reported by June 30, 2008, and to
allow at least 1 year between AIDS diagnosis and
death.
Transmission Categories
Transmission category is the term for the classification of cases that summarizes a person’s possible
HIV risk factors; the summary classification results
from selecting, from the presumed hierarchical order
of probability, the 1 risk factor most likely to have
been responsible for transmission. For surveillance
purposes, cases of HIV/AIDS, HIV infection (not
AIDS), and AIDS are counted only once in the hierarchy of transmission categories. Persons with more
than 1 reported risk factor for HIV infection are classified in the transmission category listed first in the
hierarchy. The exception is men who report sexual
contact with other men and injection drug use; this
group makes up a separate transmission category.
Persons whose transmission category is classified
as male-to-male sexual contact include men who
report sexual contact with other men (i.e., homosexual
contact) and men who report sexual contact with both
men and women (i.e., bisexual contact). Persons
whose transmission category is classified as high-risk
heterosexual contact are persons who report specific
heterosexual contact with a person known to have, or
to be at high risk for, HIV infection (e.g., an injection
drug user).
Adults and adolescents born in, or who had sex
with someone born in, a country where heterosexual
transmission was believed to be the predominant
mode of HIV transmission (formerly classified as Pattern II countries by the World Health Organization)
are no longer classified as having heterosexually
acquired HIV infection unless they meet the criteria
stated in the preceding paragraph. Similar to other
cases in persons who were reported without information about a behavioral or a transfusion risk factor for
HIV infection, these cases are classified (in the
absence of other risk factor information that would
classify them in another transmission category) as “no
risk factor reported or identified” [23]. Cases in children whose mother was born in, or whose mother had
sex with someone born in, a Pattern II country are
now classified (in the absence of other risk factor
information that would classify them in another transmission category) as “mother with documented HIV
infection, a risk factor for HIV infection, or HIV
infection without a specified risk factor.”
Technical Notes
59
Cases in persons with no reported exposure to HIV
through any of the routes listed in the hierarchy of
transmission categories are classified as “no risk factor reported or identified.” No identified risk factor
(NIR) cases include cases that have been followed up
by local health department officials; cases in persons
whose exposure history is missing because they died,
declined to be interviewed, or were lost to follow-up;
and cases in persons who were interviewed or for
whom other follow-up information was available but
for whom no mode of exposure was identified.
As of September 2000, the procedures for investigating cases reported without risk factor information
changed from ascertaining a risk factor for all
reported cases to estimating risk factor distributions
from statistical models and population-based samples.
States continue to investigate any report of an unusual
exposure to HIV and report these cases to CDC. CDC
will continue to tabulate the number of documented
unusual exposures to HIV reported by the states.
Because a substantial proportion of cases of HIV
infection and AIDS are reported to CDC without an
identified risk factor, a statistical approach—multiple
imputation—has been used in this report to assign a
risk factor for these cases. Multiple imputation is a
statistical approach in which each missing risk factor
is replaced with a set of plausible values that represent
the uncertainty about the true, but missing, value [24].
The plausible values are analyzed by using standard
procedures, and the results from these analyses are
then combined to produce the final results. Multiple
imputation is preferable to the risk factor redistribution method used in previous reports because it preserves the relationship between risk factors and the
other variables being analyzed. Our application of
multiple imputation, unlike the risk factor redistribution method, does not include a variable indicating
whether a risk factor was reclassified after initial
report, because such a variable is not currently available [25]. In this report, multiple imputation has been
used in tables and figures showing estimated values
for cases in adults and adolescents, but not in tables
and figures concerning cases in children (because the
number of cases in children is small, missing risk factors were not imputed for these cases).
Reporting Delays
Reporting delays (time between diagnosis of HIV
infection or AIDS and report to CDC) may differ
60
among exposure, geographic, racial/ethnic, age, sex,
and vital status categories; for some AIDS cases,
delays have been as long as several years. Adjustments of the estimated data on HIV infection (not
AIDS) and on AIDS to account for reporting delays
are calculated by a maximum likelihood statistical
procedure. This procedure takes into account the differences in reporting delays in exposure, geographic,
racial/ethnic, age, sex, and vital status categories, and
is based on the assumption that reporting delays in
these categories have not changed over time [13, 14,
26].
Rates
Rates per 100,000 population were calculated for
the numbers of cases of HIV/AIDS and AIDS (Tables
6a, 6b, 16, and 17) in 2007, as well as for persons living with HIV infection (not AIDS) or AIDS (Table
11) at the end of 2007. The population denominators
used to compute these rates for the 50 states and the
District of Columbia were based on official postcensus estimates for 2007 from the U.S. Census Bureau
[27] and bridged-race estimates for 2007 obtained
from the National Center for Health Statistics [28].
The bridged estimates are based on the Census 2000
counts and produced under a collaborative agreement
with the U.S Census Bureau. These estimates result
from bridging the 31 race categories used in Census
2000, as specified in the OMB’s 1997 standards for
the classification of data on race and ethnicity [15], to
the 4 race categories specified in the 1977 standards.
The population denominators for U.S. dependent
areas were based on official postcensus estimates and
Census 2000 counts from the U.S. Census Bureau’s
International Database. Each rate is calculated by
dividing the number of cases reported during the 12
months in 2007 (or the number of persons living with
HIV infection or with AIDS at the end of 2007) by the
2007 population, multiplied by 100,000. The denominators used for calculating age-, sex-, and race/
ethnicity-specific rates are computed by applying the
age, sex, and race/ethnicity proportions from the
bridged-race population estimates for 2000 to the
2007 postcensus estimates of the total population for
each state. When bridged-race population denominators for the U.S. dependent areas were not available,
proportions from the U.S. Census Bureau’s International Database for 2000 were used to estimate the
age- and sex-specific subpopulations [29].
Technical Notes
REFERENCES
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2.
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CDC. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents
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3.
CDC. Current trends: classification system for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in
children under 13 years of age. MMWR
1987;36:225–230, 235.
4.
Hall HI, Song R, Gerstle JE III, Lee LM; on behalf
of the HIV/AIDS Reporting System Evaluation
Group. Assessing the completeness of reporting of
human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses in 2002–
2003: capture-recapture methods. Am J Epidemiol
2006;164:391–397.
5.
CDC. Current trends: revision of the case definition
of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for
national reporting—United States. MMWR
1985;34:373–375.
in the United States, 1984 to 1992. JAMA
1996;276:126–131.
13. Green TA. Using surveillance data to monitor trends
in the AIDS epidemic. Stat Med 1998;17:143–154.
14. Song R, Hall HI, Frey R. Uncertainties associated
with incidence estimates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses
adjusted for reporting delay and risk redistribution.
Stat Med 2005;24:453–464.
15. Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the
standards for the classification of federal data on race
and ethnicity. Federal Register 1997;62:58781–
58790. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/
ombdir15.html. Accessed December 20, 2008.
16. Janssen RS, Satten GA, Stramer SL, et al. New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for use
in incidence estimates and for clinical and prevention purposes. JAMA 1998;280(1):42–48.
17. Karon JM, Song R, Kaplan E, Brookmeyer R, Hall
HI. Estimating HIV incidence in the United States
from HIV/AIDS surveillance data and biomarker
HIV test results. Stat Med 2008;27:4617–4633.
6.
CDC. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
MMWR 1987;36(SS-1):1S–15S.
18. Parekh BS, Kennedy MS, Dobbs, et al. Quantitative
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seroconversion: a simple assay for detecting recent
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CDC. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV
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for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR
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19. Hall HI, Song R, Rhodes P, et al.; for the HIV
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CDC. Current trends update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—United States, 1994. MMWR
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9.
CDC. 1994 Revised classification system for human
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20. Office of Management and Budget. Standards for
defining metropolitan and micropolitan statistical
areas. Federal Register 2000;65(249):82228–
82238. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/
metroareas122700.pdf. Accessed December 20,
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10. Schwarcz SK, Hsu LC, Parisi MK, Katz MH. The
impact of the 1993 AIDS case definition on the completeness and timeliness of AIDS surveillance. AIDS
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11. Klevens RM, Fleming PL, Li J. The completeness,
validity, and timeliness of AIDS surveillance data.
Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:443–449.
12. Karon JM, Rosenberg PS, McQuillan G, Khare M,
Gwinn M, Petersen LR. Prevalence of HIV infection
21. Office of Management and Budget. Revised definitions of metropolitan statistical areas, new definitions of micropolitan statistical areas and combined
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23. CDC. Current trends: heterosexually acquired
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160.
24. Rubin, DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in
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25. McDavid Harrison K, Kajese T, Hall HI, Song R.
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26. Karon JM, Devine OJ, Morgan WM. Predicting
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27. U.S. Census Bureau. Population estimates: entire
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/popest/estimates.php. Published August 21, 2008.
Accessed December 20, 2008.
28. National Center for Health Statistics. Bridged-race
vintage 2007 postcensal population estimates for
July 1, 2000–July 1, 2007, by year, county, singleyear of age, bridged-race, Hispanic origin, and sex.
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29. U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000: the island areas.
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62
Technical Notes
Web Addresses for Reports of State or Local HIV and AIDS Surveillance
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Chicago
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Houston
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Los Angeles
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
New York City
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Rhode Island
San Francisco
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
http://www.adph.org/aids/Default.asp?id=984
http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/bulletins/docs/b2008_08.pdf
http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/hiv/hiv_epi.htm
http://www.healthyarkansas.com/data/data.html#
http://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/statistics/Pages/OAHIVAIDSStatistics.aspx
http://www.aidschicago.org/pdf/2006/fact_cdph_winter.pdf
http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/dc/HIVandSTD/surveillance.html
http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3135&q=393048
http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph/epi/disstatshiv.html
http://doh.dc.gov/doh/cwp/view,A,1371,Q,603431.asp
http://www.doh.state.fl.us/Disease_ctrl/aids/trends/trends.html
http://health.state.ga.us/programs/stdhiv/index.asp
http://hawaii.gov/health/healthy-lifestyles/std-aids/data-statistics/index.html
http://www.houstontx.gov/health/HIV-STD/
http://www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/DesktopModules/ArticlesSortableA
rticlesSrtView.aspx?tabID=0&ItemID=1299&mid=11117&wversion=Staging
http://www.idph.state.il.us/aids/stats.htm
http://www.in.gov/isdh/19092.htm
http://www.idph.state.ia.us/adper/hiv_aids_programs.asp#surveillance
http://www.kdheks.gov/hiv/surveillance.html
http://chfs.ky.gov/dph/epi/HIV-AIDS+Reporting+and+Statistics.htm
http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/phcommon/public/reports/rptspubdisplay.cfm?unit=hiv&ou=ph&prog=hae
http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/offices/?id=264
http://www.maine.gov/dhhs/boh/ddc/data_statistics_surveillance.htm
http://www.dhmh.state.md.us/AIDS/Data&Statistics/statistics.htm
http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/cdc/aids/monthly_aids_report.pdf
http://www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7-132-2940_2955_2982_46000_46003---,00.html
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/hiv/hivstatistics.html
http://www.msdh.state.ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/14,0,150,html
http://www.dhss.mo.gov/HIV_STD_AIDS/Data.html
http://hivdata.hhs.mt.gov/
http://www.dhhs.ne.gov/dpc/HIV.htm
http://health.nv.gov/FP_Publications.htm
http://www.dhhs.nh.gov/DHHS/CDCS/LIBRARY/Data-Statistical+Report/hiv-aids-report.htm
http://www.state.nj.us/health/aids/aidsqtr.htm
http://www.health.state.nm.us/epi/hiv-aids.html
http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/aids/statistics/index.htm
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/dires/epi_reports.shtml
http://www.epi.state.nc.us/epi/hiv/surveillance.html
http://www.ndhiv.com/resources/
http://www.odh.ohio.gov/healthStats/disease/hivcov.aspx
http://www.ok.gov/health/Disease,_Prevention,_Preparedness/HIV_STD_Service/HIV_STD_Statistics/index.html
http://oregon.gov/DHS/ph/hst/index.shtml
http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/cwp/browse.asp?A=171&BMDRN=2000&BCOB=0&C=38025
http://www.phila.gov/health/units/aaco/HIV_AIDS.html
http://www.health.ri.gov/hiv/data.php
http://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/reports/default.asp
http://www.dhec.sc.gov/health/disease/stdhiv/surveillance.htm
http://doh.sd.gov/Disease/statistics.aspx
http://www.coetenn.com/IndexTNHIVdata.htm
http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/hivstd/default.shtm
http://health.utah.gov/cdc/sp.htm
http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/aids/quarter/reports.aspx
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/std/datahome2.asp
http://www.doh.wa.gov/cfh/HIV_AIDS/Prev_Edu/Statistics.htm
http://www.wvhiv.org/DiseaseSurveillance/tabid/1674/Default.aspx
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aids-hiv/Stats/index.htm
http://wdhfs.state.wy.us/phsd/hivsurveillance/Index.html
Note. Electronic reports of local HIV and AIDS surveillance were not available for the following areas: American Samoa, Guam, the Northern
Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Web Addresses for Reports of State or Local HIV and AIDS Surveillance
63
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | HIVAIDS Surveillance Report, 2007, Vol. 19 |
| Subject | CDC, hiv, aids, hivaids, hiv aids, surveillance report, 2007 |
| Author | HHS/CDC/CCID/NCHHSTP/DHAP |
| File Modified | 2009-11-03 |
| File Created | 2009-01-27 |