50 Cfr 14

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Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries
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PART 14—IMPORTATION, EXPORTATION, AND TRANSPORTATION OF WILDLIFE

Section Contents

Subpart A—Introduction
§ 14.1
§ 14.2
§ 14.3
§ 14.4

Purpose of regulations.
Scope of regulations.
Information collection requirements.
What terms do I have to understand?
Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports

§ 14.11
§ 14.12
§ 14.13
§ 14.14
§ 14.15
§ 14.16
§ 14.17
§ 14.18
§ 14.19
§ 14.20
§ 14.21
§ 14.22
§ 14.23
§ 14.24

General restrictions.
Designated ports.
Emergency diversion.
In-transit shipments.
Personal baggage and household effects.
Border ports.
Personally owned pet birds.
Marine mammals.
Special ports.
Exceptions by permit.
Shellfish and fishery products.
Certain antique articles.
Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.
Scientific specimens.
Subpart C—Designated Port Exception Permits

§ 14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port for scientific purposes.
§ 14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to minimize deterioration or
loss.
§ 14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to alleviate undue
economic hardship.
Subpart D [Reserved]
Subpart E—Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife
§ 14.51 Inspection of wildlife.
§ 14.52 Clearance of imported wildlife.

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§ 14.53 Detention and refusal of clearance.
§ 14.54 Unavailability of Service officers.
§ 14.55 Exceptions to clearance requirements.
Subpart F—Wildlife Declarations
§ 14.61
§ 14.62
§ 14.63
§ 14.64

Import declaration requirements.
Exceptions to import declaration requirements.
Export declaration requirements.
Exceptions to export declaration requirements.
Subpart G [Reserved]
Subpart H—Marking of Containers or Packages

§ 14.81 Marking requirement.
§ 14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.
Subpart I—Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees
§ 14.91
§ 14.92
§ 14.93
§ 14.94

When do I need an import/export license?
What are the exemptions to the import/export license requirement?
How do I apply for an import/export license?
What fees apply to me?

Subpart J—Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild Mammals and
Birds to the United States
§ 14.101
§ 14.102
§ 14.103
§ 14.104
§ 14.105
§ 14.106
§ 14.107
§ 14.108
§ 14.109
§ 14.110
§ 14.111
§ 14.112

Purposes.
Definitions.
Prohibitions.
Translations.
Consignment to carrier.
Primary enclosures.
Conveyance.
Food and water.
Care in transit.
Terminal facilities.
Handling.
Other applicable provisions.

Specifications for Nonhuman Primates
§ 14.121 Primary enclosures.
§ 14.122 Food and water.
§ 14.123 Care in transit.
Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, Pinnipeds, and
Polar Bears)
§ 14.131 Primary enclosures.
§ 14.132 Food and water.
§ 14.133 Care in transit.
Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates
§ 14.141 Consignment to carrier.
§ 14.142 Primary enclosures.
Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)
§ 14.151 Primary enclosures.
Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals
§ 14.161 Primary enclosures.

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Specifications for Birds
§ 14.171 Consignment to carrier.
§ 14.172 Primary enclosures.
Subpart K—Captive Wildlife Safety Act
§ 14.250
§ 14.251
§ 14.252
§ 14.253
§ 14.254
§ 14.255

What is the purpose of these regulations?
What other regulations may apply?
What definitions do I need to know?
What are the restrictions contained in these regulations?
What are the requirements contained in these regulations?
Are there any exemptions to the restrictions contained in these regulations?

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668, 704, 712, 1382, 1538(d)–(f), 1540(f), 3371–3378, 4223–4244,
and 4901–4916; 18 U.S.C. 42; 31 U.S.C. 9701.
Source: 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart A—Introduction
top

§ 14.1 Purpose of regulations.
top
The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and procedures for the importation,
exportation, and transportation of wildlife.

§ 14.2 Scope of regulations.
top
The provisions in this part are in addition to, and do not supersede other regulations of this subchapter B
which may require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation,
exportation, and transportation of wildlife.

§ 14.3 Information collection requirements.
top
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the information collection requirements
contained in this part 14 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018–0012, 1018–
0092, and 1018–0129. The Service may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to
a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You can direct
comments regarding these information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection
Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MS 222–ARLSQ, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington,
VA 22203 (mail) or (703) 358–2269 (fax).
[72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007]

§ 14.4 What terms do I have to understand?
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In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, in this part:
Accompanying personal baggage means all hand-carried items and all checked baggage of a person
entering into or departing from the United States.
Accredited scientist means any individual associated with, employed by, or under contract to and
accredited by an accredited scientific institution for the purpose of conducting biological or medical
research, and whose research activities are approved and sponsored by the scientific institution granting
accreditation.
Accredited scientific institutions means any public museum, public zoological park, accredited institution
of higher education, accredited member of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, accredited
member of the American Association of Systematic Collections, or any State or Federal government
agency that conducts biological or medical research.
Commercial means related to the offering for sale or resale, purchase, trade, barter, or the actual or
intended transfer in the pursuit of gain or profit, of any item of wildlife and includes the use of any wildlife
article as an exhibit for the purpose of soliciting sales, without regard to quantity or weight. There is a
presumption that eight or more similar unused items are for commercial use. The Service or the
importer/exporter/owner may rebut this presumption based upon the particular facts and circumstances
of each case.
Domesticated animals includes, but is not limited to, the following domesticated animals that are
exempted from the requirements of this subchapter B (except for species obtained from wild
populations).
Mammals: Alpaca— Lama alpaca; Camel— Camelus dromedarius; Camel (Boghdi)— Camelus
bactrianus; Cat (domestic)— Felis domesticus; Cattle— Bos taurus; Dog (domestic)— Canis familiaris;
European rabbit— Ortyctolagus cuniculus; Ferret (domestic)— Mustela putorius; Goat— Capra hircus;
Horse— Equus caballus; Llama— Lama glama; Pig— Sus scrofa; Sheep— Ovis aries; Water buffalo—
Bubalus bubalus; White lab mice— Mus musculus; White lab rate— Rattus norvegicus.
Fish (For export purposes only): Carp (koi)— Cyprinus carpio; Goldfish— Carassius auratus.
Birds: Chicken— Gallus domesticus; Ducks & geese—domesticated varieties; Guinea fowl— Numida
meleagris; Peafowl— Pavo cristatus; Pigeons (domesticated)— Columba livia domestrica; Turkey—
Meleagris gallopavo; Domesticated or Barnyard Mallards include: Pekin; Aylesbury; Bouen; Cayuga;
Gray Call; White Call; East Indian; Crested; Swedish; Buff Orpington; Indian Runner; Campbell; Duclair;
Merchtem; Termonde; Magpie; Chinese; Khaki Campbell.
Insects: Crickets, mealworms, honeybees (not to include Africanized varieties), and similar insects that
are routinely farm raised.
Other Invertebrates: Earthworms and similar invertebrates that are routinely farm raised.
Export means to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to carry out of, or attempt to depart from, to
send from, to ship from, or to carry out of, or to consign to a carrier in any place subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States with an intended destination of any place not subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States, whether or not such departure, sending, or carrying, or shipping constitutes an exportation within
the meaning of the Custom laws of the United States. When a passenger leaving the jurisdiction of the
United States enters the designated international area of embarkation of an airport, all accompanying
personal hand-carried items and checked baggage will be regarded as exports.
Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into
any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or
introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the tariff laws of the United States.
We means Fish and Wildlife Service or Service.
You means licensee, or importer/exporter of record.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 23025, Apr. 29, 1999]

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Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports
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§ 14.11 General restrictions.
top
Except as otherwise provided in this part, no person may import or export any wildlife at any place other
than a Customs port of entry designated in §14.12.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980]

§ 14.12 Designated ports.
top
The following ports of entry are designated for the importation and exportation of wildlife and wildlife
products and are referred to hereafter as “designated ports”:
(a) Anchorage, Alaska.
(b) Atlanta, Georgia.
(c) Baltimore, Maryland.
(d) Boston, Massachusetts.
(e) Chicago, Illinois.
(f) Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas.
(g) Honolulu, Hawaii.
(h) Houston, Texas.
(i) Los Angeles, California.
(j) Louisville, Kentucky.
(k) Memphis, Tennessee.
(l) Miami, Florida.
(m) New Orleans, Louisiana.
(n) New York, New York.
(o) Portland, Oregon.
(p) San Francisco, California.
(q) Seattle, Washington.
[69 FR 70382, Dec. 6, 2004]

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§ 14.13 Emergency diversion.
top
Wildlife which has been imported into the United States at any port or place other than a designated port
solely as a result of a diversion due to an aircraft or vessel emergency must proceed as an in-transit
shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to any port where a permit or other provision of
this part provides for lawful importation.

§ 14.14 In-transit shipments.
top
(a) Wildlife destined for a point within the United States may be imported into the United States at any
port if such wildlife proceeds as an in-transit shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to
any port where a permit or other provision of this part provides for lawful importation.
(b) Wildlife moving in-transit through the United States from one foreign country to another foreign
country is exempt from the designated port requirements of this part, if such wildlife is not unloaded
within the United States.

§ 14.15 Personal baggage and household effects.
top
(a) Any person may import into or export from the United States at any Customs port wildlife products or
manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in
accompanying personal baggage. However, this exception to the designated port requirement does not
apply to any raw or dressed fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; game trophy; or to wildlife requiring
a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.
(b) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including mounted game trophies or tanned hides, which
are not intended for sale and are part of a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their
residence to or from the United States may be imported or exported at any Customs port of entry.
However, this exception to the designated port requirement does not apply to any raw fur; raw, salted, or
crusted hide or skin; or to wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this
subchapter B.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.16 Border ports.
top
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B,
wildlife whose country of origin is Canada or the United States may be imported or exported at any of
the following Customs ports of entry:
(1) Alaska—Alcan;
(2) Idaho—Eastport;
(3) Maine—Calais, Houlton, Jackman;
(4) Massachusetts—Boston;
(5) Michigan—Detroit, Port Huron, Sault Sainte Marie;

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(6) Minnesota—Grand Portage, International Falls, Minneapolis-St. Paul;
(7) Montana—Raymond, Sweetgrass;
(8) New York—Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Champlain;
(9) North Dakota—Dunseith, Pembina, Portal;
(10) Ohio—Cleveland;
(11) Vermont—Derby Line, Highgate Springs; and
(12) Washington—Blaine, Sumas.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B,
wildlife whose country of origin is Mexico or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the
following Customs ports of entry:
(1) Arizona—Lukeville, Nogales;
(2) California—Calexico, San Diego-San Ysidro; and
(3) Texas—Brownsville, El Paso, Laredo.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, or 21 of this subchapter B, wildlife
lawfully taken by U.S. residents in the United States, Canada, or Mexico and imported or exported for
noncommercial purposes, may be imported or exported at any Customs port of entry.

§ 14.17 Personally owned pet birds.
top
Any person may import a personally owned pet bird at any port designated under, and in accordance
with, 9 CFR part 92.

§ 14.18 Marine mammals.
top
Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who has lawfully taken a marine mammal on
the high seas and who is authorized to import such marine mammal in accordance with the Marine
Mammal Protection Act of 1972 and implementing regulations (50 CFR parts 18 and 216) may import
such marine mammal at any port or place.

§ 14.19 Special ports.
top
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B,
wildlife which is imported for final destination in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be
imported through those Customs ports of entry named hereafter for the respective State or Territory of
final destination:
(1) Alaska—Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
(2) Puerto Rico—San Juan; and

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(3) Virgin Islands—San Juan, Puerto Rico.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B,
wildlife which originates in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be exported through the
following Customs ports for the respective State or Territory:
(1) Alaska—Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
(2) Puerto Rico—San Juan; and
(3) Virgin Islands—San Juan, Puerto Rico.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B,
wildlife which has a final destination of Guam or which originates in Guam may be imported or exported,
as appropriate, through the port of Agana, Guam.

§ 14.20 Exceptions by permit.
top
Wildlife may be imported into or exported from the United States at any Customs port of entry
designated in the terms of a valid permit issued pursuant to subpart C of this part.

§ 14.21 Shellfish and fishery products.
top
(a)(1) General. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, shellfish
and fishery products imported or exported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in
waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes may
enter or exit at any Customs port.
(2) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or part 23 of this subchapter, live aquatic
invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops) and
the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms thereof may be exported for purposes of propagation, or research
related to propagation, at any Customs port.
(b) Pearls. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, pearls
imported or exported for commercial purposes may enter or exit the United States at any Customs port
of entry. For the purposes of this part, all references to the term shellfish and fishery products will
include pearls.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.22 Certain antique articles.
top
Any person may import at any Customs Service port designated for such purpose, any article (other than
scrimshaw, defined in 16 U.S.C 1539(f)(1)(B) and 50 CFR 217.12 as any art form that involves the
etching or engraving of designs upon, or the carving of figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or
tooth of any marine mammal of the order Cetacea) that is at least 100 years old, is composed in whole
or in part of any endangered or threatened species listed under §17.11 or §17.12 of this subchapter, and
has not been repaired or modified with any part of any endangered or threatened species on or after
December 28, 1973.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.23 Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.

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top
Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs meet the definition of “bred in captivity” as stated in 50
CFR 17.3. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, live farmraised fish and farm-raised fish eggs may be exported from any U.S. Customs port.
[59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994]

§ 14.24 Scientific specimens.
top
Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, dead,
preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by accredited
scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes may enter or
exit through any U.S. Customs port, or may be shipped through the international mail system. Provided,
that this exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.
[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

Subpart C—Designated Port Exception Permits
top

§ 14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port for scientific
purposes.
top
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the
provisions of this section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the
issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife for
scientific purposes at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart
B. Such permits may authorize a single importation or exportation, a series of importations or
exportations, or importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port for
scientific purposes must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general
information and certification required by §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional
information:
(1) The scientific purpose or uses of the wildlife to be imported or exported;
(2) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or
exported where such number and kinds can be determined;
(3) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in
captivity;
(4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation
or exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port; and
(5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of
shipments, or shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this
subchapter B, permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are
subject to the following condition: Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if any.

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(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit
under this section:
(1) Benefit to a bona fide scientific research project, other scientific purpose, or facilitation of the
exchange of preserved museum specimens;
(2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin;
(3) The reasons why the exception is requested; and
(4) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face
of the permit. In no case will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of issuance.

§ 14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to minimize
deterioration or loss.
top
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the
provisions of this section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the
issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife, in order
to minimize deterioration or loss, at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise
authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single importation or exportation, a series of
importations or exportations, or importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port to
minimize deterioration or loss must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the
general information and certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following
additional information:
(1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or
exported where such number and kinds can be determined;
(2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in
captivity;
(3) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation
or exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port
(information must be included to show that an importation or exportation at a designated port would
result in a substantial deterioration or loss of the wildlife); and
(4) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of
shipments, or shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this
subchapter B, permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are
to be subject to the following conditions:
(1) Permittee shall file such reports as may be specified on the permit, if any; and
(2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with §14.94.
(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit
under this section:
(1) Likelihood of a substantial deterioration or loss of the wildlife involved;
(2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin; and

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(3) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face
of the permit. In no case will the permit be valid more than 2 years from the date of issuance.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to alleviate undue
economic hardship.
top
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the
provisions of this section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the
issuance criteria of this section, issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife in order
to alleviate undue economic hardship at one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise
authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single importation or exportation, a series of
importations or exportations, or importation or exportation during a specified period of time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port to
alleviate undue economic hardship must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the
general information and certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following
additional information:
(1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or
exported, where such number and kinds can be determined, and a description of the form in which it is
to be imported, such as “live,” “frozen,” “raw hides,” or a full description of any manufactured product;
(2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in
captivity;
(3) The name and address of the supplier or consignee;
(4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation
or exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port
(information must be included to show the monetary difference between the cost of importation or
exportation at the port requested and the lowest cost of importation or exportation at the port through
which importation or exportation is authorized by subpart B without a permit); and
(5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of
shipments, or shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this
subchapter B, permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are
subject to the following conditions:
(1) Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if any; and
(2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with §14.94.
(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit
under this section:
(1) The difference between the cost of importing or exporting the wildlife at the port requested and the
lowest cost of importing or exporting such wildlife at a port authorized by these regulations without a
permit;
(2) The severity of the economic hardship that likely would result should the permit not be issued;
(3) The kind of wildlife involved, including its form and place of origin; and

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(4) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face
of the permit. In no case will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of issuance.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

Subpart D [Reserved]
top

Subpart E—Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife
top

§ 14.51 Inspection of wildlife.
top
Subject to applicable limitations of law, Service officers and Customs officers may detain for inspection
and inspect any package, crate, or other container, including its contents, and all accompanying
documents, upon importation or exportation. The Director may charge reasonable fees, including salary,
overtime, transportation and per diem of Service officers, for wildlife import or export inspections
specially requested by the importer or exporter at times other than regular work hours or locations other
than usual for such inspections at the port.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985]

§ 14.52 Clearance of imported wildlife.
top
(a) Except as otherwise provided by this subpart, a Service officer must clear all wildlife imported into the
United States prior to release from detention by Customs officers. A Service officer must clear all wildlife
to be exported from the United States prior to the physical loading of the merchandise on a vehicle or
aircraft, or the containerization or palletizing of such merchandise for export, unless a Service officer
expressly authorizes otherwise. Such clearance does not constitute a certification of the legality of an
importation or exportation under the laws or regulations of the United States.
(b) An importer/exporter or his/her agent may obtain clearance by a Service officer only at designated
ports (§14.12), at border ports (§14.16), at special ports (§14.19), or at a port where importation or
exportation is authorized by a permit issued under subpart C of this part. An importer/exporter must
return forthwith any wildlife released without a Service officer's clearance or clearance by Customs for
the Service under authority of §14.54 to a port where clearance may be obtained pursuant to this
subpart.
(c) To obtain clearance, the importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent will make available
to a Service officer or a Customs officer acting under §14.54:
(1) All shipping documents (including bills of lading, waybills and packing lists or invoices);
(2) All permits, licenses or other documents required by the laws or regulations of the United States;
(3) All permits or other documents required by the laws or regulations of any foreign country;
(4) The wildlife being imported or exported; and
(5) Any documents and permits required by the country of export or re-export for the wildlife.

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[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985;
61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.53 Detention and refusal of clearance.
top
(a) Detention. Any Service officer, or Customs officer acting under §14.54, may detain imported or
exported wildlife and any associated property. As soon as practicable following the importation or
exportation and decision to detain, the Service will mail a notice of detention by registered or certified
mail, return receipt requested, to the importer or consignee, or exporter, if known or easily ascertainable.
Such notice must describe the detained wildlife or other property, indicate the reason for the detention,
describe the general nature of the tests or inquiries to be conducted, and indicate that if the releasability
of the wildlife has not been determined within 30 days after the date of the notice, or a longer period if
specifically stated, that the Service will deem the wildlife to be seized and will issue no further notification
of seizure.
(b) Refusal of clearance. Any Service officer may refuse clearance of imported or exported wildlife and
any Customs officer acting under §14.54 may refuse clearance of imported wildlife when there are
responsible grounds to believe that:
(1) A Federal law or regulation has been violated;
(2) The correct identity and country of origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the
burden is upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by
scientific name to the species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the
country of origin to the subspecies level);
(3) Any permit, license, or other documentation required for clearance of such wildlife is not available, is
not currently valid, has been suspended or revoked, or is not authentic;
(4) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent has filed an incorrect or incomplete
declaration for importation or exportation as provided in §14.61 or §14.63; or
(5) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent has not paid any fee or portion of
balance due for inspection fees required by §14.93 or §14.94, or penalties assessed against the
importer or exporter under 50 CFR part 11. This paragraph does not apply to penalty assessments on
appeal in accordance with the provisions of part 11.
[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.54 Unavailability of Service officers.
top
(a) Designated ports. All wildlife arriving at a designated port must be cleared by a Service officer prior to
Customs clearance and release. When importers or their agents expect live or perishable shipments of
wildlife or wildlife products or request inspection at the time of arrival, they must notify the Service at
least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of arrival. However, where a Service officer is not available
within a reasonable time, Customs Officers may clear live or perishable wildlife subject to post-clearance
inspection and investigation by the Service.
(b) Border and special ports. Wildlife lawfully imported at Canadian or Mexican border ports under
§14.16, or into Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, under §14.19, may, if a Service officer is not
available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-clearance inspection
and investigation by the Service.
(c) Permit imports. Wildlife imported at a nondesignated port in accordance with the terms of a valid
permit issued under subpart C of this part, may, if a Service officer is not available within a reasonable
time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the
Service.

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(d) Personal baggage and household effects. Wildlife lawfully imported at any port of entry under §14.15,
may, if a Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers,
subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
(e) Personally owned pet birds. Personally owned pet birds lawfully imported at a port of entry under
§14.17, may, if a Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs
officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
(f) Exports. Exporters or their agents must notify the Service and make the shipment available for
inspection at least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of exportation of any wildlife.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.55 Exceptions to clearance requirements.
top
Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, clearance is not
required for the importation of the following wildlife:
(a) Shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in
waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
(b) Marine mammals lawfully taken on the high seas by United States residents and imported directly
into the United States; and
(c) Certain antique articles as specified in §14.22 which have been released from custody by Customs
officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499.
(d) Dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by
accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes.
Except: That this exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport
hunting.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]

Subpart F—Wildlife Declarations
top

§ 14.61 Import declaration requirements.
top
Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, importers or their agents must file with
the Service a completed Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177),
signed by the importer or the importer's agent, upon the importation of any wildlife at the place where
Service clearance under §14.52 is requested. However, wildlife may be transshipped under bond to a
different port for release from custody by Customs Service officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499. For certain
antique articles as specified in §14.22, importers or their agents must file a Form 3–177 with the District
Director of Customs at the port of entry prior to release from Customs custody. Importers or their agents
must furnish all applicable information requested on the Form 3–177 and the importer, or the importer's
agent, must certify that the information furnished is true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge
and belief.
[61 FR 49980, Sept. 24, 1996]

§ 14.62 Exceptions to import declaration requirements.

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top
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, an importer or
his/her agent does not have to file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form
3–177) for importation of shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or animal
consumption, or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for
recreational purposes;
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a
Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177) does not have to be filed for
importation of the following:
(1) Fish taken for recreational purposes in Canada or Mexico;
(2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are used as
clothing or contained in accompanying personal baggage, except that an importer or his/her agent must
file a Form 3–177 for raw or dressed furs; for raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; and for game or
game trophies; and
(3) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are a part of
a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence to the United States, except that
an importer or his/her agent must file a declaration for raw or dressed furs and for raw, salted, or crusted
hides or skins.
(c) General declarations for certain specimens. Notwithstanding the provisions of 14.61 and except for
wildlife included in paragraph (d) of this section, an importer or his/her agent may describe in general
terms on a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177) scientific
specimens imported for scientific institutions for taxonomic, systematic research, or faunal survey
purposes. An importer or his/her agent must file an amended Form 3–177 within 180 days after filing of
the general declaration with the Service. The declaration must identify specimens to the most accurate
taxonomic classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic information. The
Director may grant extensions of the 180-day period.
(d) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, an
importer or his/her agent does not have to file a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or
Wildlife (Form 3–177) at the time of importation for shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded
scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported by accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions
for taxonomic or systematic research purposes. An importer or his/her agent must file a Form 3–177
within 180 days of importation with the appropriate Assistant Regional Director—Law Enforcement in the
Region where the importation occurs. The declaration must identify the specimens to the most accurate
taxonomic classification reasonably practicable using the best available taxonomic information, and must
declare the country of origin. Except: That this exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof
taken as a result of sport hunting.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.63 Export declaration requirements.
top
Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, a completed Declaration for Importation
or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177) signed by the exporter, or the exporter's agent, shall be
filed with the Service prior to the export of any wildlife at the port of exportation as authorized in subpart
B of this part. All applicable information requested on the Form 3–177 shall be furnished, and the
exporter or the exporter's agent shall certify that the information furnished is true and complete to the
best of his/her knowledge and belief.

§ 14.64 Exceptions to export declaration requirements.
top

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(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, an exporter or
his/her agent does not have to file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form
3–177) for the exportation of shellfish and fishery products exported for purposes of human or animal
consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for
recreational purposes, and does not have to file for the exportation of live aquatic invertebrates of the
Class Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, claims, mussels, and scallops) and the eggs, larvae, or
juvenile forms thereof exported for purposes of propagation, or research related to propagation.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a
Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177) does not have to be filed
for the exportation of the following:
(1) Wildlife that is not intended for commercial use where the value of such wildlife is under $250;
(2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including game trophies, that are not intended for
commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in accompanying personal baggage or are part of
a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence from the United States; and
(3) Shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, exported by
accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes.
An exporter or his/her agent must file a Form 3–177 within 180 days of exportation with the appropriate
Assistant Regional Director—Law Enforcement in the Region where the exportation occurs. The
declaration must identify the specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably
practicable using the best available taxonomic information, and must declare the country of origin.
Except: That this exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport
hunting.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a period pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, a Declaration for
the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3–177) does not have to be filed for the
exportation of live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs as defined in §14.23.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994; 61 FR 31870, June 21,
1996]

Subpart G [Reserved]
top

Subpart H—Marking of Containers or Packages
top

Source: 52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, unless otherwise noted.
§ 14.81 Marking requirement.
top
Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, no person may import, export, or transport in interstate
commerce any container or package containing any fish or wildlife (including shellfish and fishery
products) unless he/she marks each container or package conspicuously on the outside with both the
name and address of the shipper and consignee. An accurate and legible list of its contents by species
scientific name and the number of each species and whether or not the listed species are venomous
must accompany the entire shipment.
[61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]

§ 14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

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top
(a) The requirements of §14.81 may be met by complying with one of the following alternatives to the
marking requirement:
(1)(i) Conspicuously marking the outside of each container or package containing fish or wildlife with the
word “fish” or “wildlife” as appropriate for its contents, or with the common name of its contents by
species, and
(ii) Including an invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or similar document to accompany the shipment which
accurately states the name and address of the shipper and consignee, states the total number of
packages or containers in the shipment, and for each species in the shipment specifies:
(A) The common name that identifies the species (examples include: Chinook (or king) salmon; bluefin
tuna; and whitetail deer) and whether or not the listed species is venomous; and
(B) The number of that species (or other appropriate measure of quantity such as gross or net weight).
The invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or equivalent document must be securely attached to the outside
of one container or package in the shipment or otherwise physically accompany the shipment in a
manner which makes it readily accessible for inspection; or
(2) Affixing the shipper's wildlife import/export license number preceded by the three letters “FWS” on
the outside of each container or package containing fish or wildlife, if the shipper has valid wildlife
import/export license issued under authority of 50 CFR part 14. For each shipment marked in
accordance with this paragraph, the records maintained under §14.93(c) must include a copy of the
invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or other similar document that accurately states the information
required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
(3) In the case of subcontainers or packages within a larger packing container, only the outermost
container must be marked in accordance with this section. Except, that for live fish or wildlife that are
packed in subcontainers within a larger packing container, if the subcontainers are numbered or labeled,
the packing list, invoice, bill or lading, or other similar document, must reflect that number or label.
However, each subcontainer containing a venomous species must be clearly marked as venomous.
(4) A conveyance (truck, plane, boat, etc.) is not considered a container for purposes of requiring
specific marking of the conveyance itself, provided that:
(i) The fish or wildlife within the conveyance is carried loosely or is readily identifiable, and is
accompanied by the document required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, or
(ii) The fish or wildlife is otherwise packaged and marked in accordance with this subpart.
(b) The requirements of §14.81 do not apply to containers or packages containing—
(1) Fox, nutria, rabbit, mink, chinchilla, marten, fisher, muskrat, and karakul that have been bred and
born in captivity, or their products, if a signed statement certifying that the animals were bred and born in
captivity accompanies the shipping documents;
(2) Fish or shellfish contained in retail consumer packages labeled pursuant to the Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq. ; or
(3) Fish or shellfish that are landed by, and offloaded from, a fishing vessel (whether or not the catch has
been carried by the fishing vessel interstate), as long as the fish or shellfish remain at the place where
first offloaded.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1018–0022)
[52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, as amended at 61 FR 31871, June 21, 1996]

Subpart I—Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees

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top

Source: 73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, unless otherwise noted.
§ 14.91 When do I need an import/export license?
top
(a) The Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) makes it unlawful for any person to engage in
business as an importer or exporter of certain fish or wildlife without first having obtained permission
from the Secretary. For the purposes of this subchapter, engage in business means to import or export
wildlife for commercial purposes.
(b) Except as provided in §14.92, if you engage in the business of importing or exporting wildlife for
commercial purposes (see §14.4), you must obtain an import/export license prior to importing or
exporting your wildlife shipment.
(c) The following table includes some examples of when an import/export license is required:

If I import into the United States or export from the
United States
(1) Wildlife in the form of products such as garments,
bags, shoes, boots, jewelry, rugs, trophies, or curios for
commercial purposes
(2) Wildlife in the form of hides, furs, or skins for
commercial purposes
(3) Wildlife in the form of food for commercial purposes
(4) As an animal dealer, animal broker, pet dealer, or pet
or laboratory supplier
(5) As an individual owner of a personally owned live
wildlife pet for personal use
(6) As a collector or hobbyist for personal use
(7) As a collector or hobbyist for commercial purposes,
including sale, trade or barter
(8) As a laboratory researcher or biomedical supplier for
commercial purposes
(9) As a customs broker or freight forwarder engaged in
business as a dispatcher, handler, consolidator, or
transporter of wildlife or if I file documents with the
Service on behalf of others
(10) As a common carrier engaged in business as a
transporter of wildlife
(11) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or guide importing or
exporting my own hunting trophies for commercial
purposes
(12) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or guide transporting or
shipping hunting trophies for clients or customers
(13) As a U.S. taxidermist receiving a U.S. client's
personal hunting trophies after import clearance for

. . . do I need an
import/export
license?
Yes.

Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
No.
No.
Yes.
Yes.
No.

No.
Yes.

No.
No.

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processing
(14) As a U.S. taxidermist importing wildlife from or
Yes.
exporting wildlife to foreign owners who are requesting
my services
(15) As a foreign owner of wildlife exporting my personal No.
hunting trophies from the United States to my home
(16) As a circus for exhibition or resale purposes
Yes.
(17) As a Federal, State, municipal, or tribal agency
No.
(18) As a public museum, or public scientific or
No.
educational institution for noncommercial research or
educational purposes
§ 14.92 What are the exemptions to the import/export license requirement?
top
(a) Certain wildlife. Any person may engage in business as an importer or exporter of the following types
of wildlife without obtaining an import/export license:
(1) Shellfish (see §10.12 of this chapter) and nonliving fishery products that do not require a permit
under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter, and are imported or exported for purposes of human or
animal consumption or taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for
recreational purposes;
(2) Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs of species that do not require a permit under parts 16,
17, or 23 of this subchapter, that meet the definition of “bred-in-captivity” as stated in §17.3 of this
subchapter and that are for export only; and
(3) Live aquatic invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda, commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels,
and scallops, and their eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms, that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or
23 of this subchapter, and are exported only for the purposes of propagation or research related to
propagation; and
(4) Pearls that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter.
(b) Certain persons. (1) The following persons may import or export wildlife without obtaining an
import/export license, provided that these persons keep records that will fully and correctly describe
each importation or exportation of wildlife made by them and the subsequent disposition made by them
with respect to the wildlife.
(i) Public museums, or other public, scientific, or educational institutions, importing or exporting wildlife
for noncommercial research or educational purposes; and
(ii) Federal, State, tribal, or municipal agencies.
(2) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized Service officers at all reasonable times will,
upon notice, be given access to these persons' places of business, an opportunity to examine their
inventory of imported wildlife or the wildlife to be exported, the records described in paragraph (1) of this
section, and an opportunity to copy those records.

§ 14.93 How do I apply for an import/export license?
top
(a) Application form. You must submit a completed FWS Form 3–200–3, including the certification found
on the form and in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, to the appropriate regional Special Agent in Charge

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under the provisions of this subpart and part 13 of this subchapter.
(b) Import/export license conditions. In addition to the general permit conditions in part 13 of this
subchapter, you must comply with the following conditions:
(1) You must comply with all requirements of this part, all other applicable parts of this subchapter, and
any specific conditions or authorizations described on the face of, or on an annex to, the import/export
license;
(2) You must pay all applicable license and inspection fees as required in §14.94;
(3) You are responsible for providing current contact information to us, including a mailing address
where you will receive all official notices the Service sends;
(4) You must keep, in a U.S. location, the following records that completely and correctly describe each
import or export of wildlife that you made under the import/export license and, if applicable, any
subsequent disposition that you made of the wildlife, for a period of 5 years:
(i) A general description of the wildlife, such as “live,” “raw hides,” “fur garments,” “leather goods,”
“footwear,” or “jewelry”;
(ii) The quantity of the wildlife, in numbers, weight, or other appropriate measure;
(iii) The common and scientific names of the wildlife;
(iv) The country of origin of the wildlife, if known, as defined in §10.12 of this subchapter;
(v) The date and place the wildlife was imported or exported;
(vi) The date of the subsequent disposition, if applicable, of the wildlife and the manner of the
subsequent disposition, whether by sale, barter, consignment, loan, delivery, destruction, or other
means;
(vii) The name, address, telephone, and e-mail address, if known, of the person or business who
received the wildlife;
(viii) Copies of all permits required by the laws and regulations of the United States; and
(ix) Copies of all permits required by the laws of any country of export, re-export, or origin of the wildlife.
(5) You must, upon notice, provide authorized Service officers with access to your place(s) of business
at all reasonable times and give us an opportunity to examine your inventory of imported wildlife or the
wildlife to be exported, the records required to be kept by paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and an
opportunity to copy these records subject to applicable limitations of the law;
(6) You must submit a report containing the information you must keep in paragraph (b)(4) of this section
within 30 days of receiving a written request from us; and
(7) An import/export license gives you general permission to engage in business as an importer or
exporter of wildlife. An import/export license is in addition to, and does not supersede, any other license,
permit, or requirement established by Federal, State, or tribal law for the import or export of wildlife.
(c) Duration of import/export license. Any import/export license issued under this section expires on the
date shown on the face of the import/export license. In no case will the import/export license be valid for
more than 1 year after the date of issuance.
(d) Issuance, denial, suspension, revocation, or renewal of import/export license. We may deny,
suspend, revoke, restrict, or deny renewal of an import/export license to any person named as the
holder, or a principal officer or agent of the holder, under any of the criteria described in part 13 of this
chapter or under the following criteria:

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(1) Failure to pay fees, penalties, or costs required by this part;
(2) You repeatedly fail to notify our Service officers at the appropriate port at least 48 hours prior to the
estimated time of arrival of a live or perishable wildlife shipment under §14.54(a) or at least 48 hours
prior to the estimated time of exportation of any wildlife under §14.54(f);
(3) You repeatedly import or export certain types of wildlife without meeting the requirements of this part
or other applicable parts of this subchapter.

§ 14.94 What fees apply to me?
top
(a) Import/export license application fees. You must pay the application and amendment fees, as defined
in §13.11(d)(4), for any required import/export license processed under §14.93 and part 13 of this
subchapter.
(b) Designated port exception permit application fees. You must pay the application and amendment
fees, as defined in §13.11(d)(4), for any required designated port exception permit processed under
subpart C of this part.
(c) Designated port base inspection fees. Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, an
import/export license holder must pay a base inspection fee, as defined in §14.94(h)(1), for each wildlife
shipment imported or exported at a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a
list of designated ports in §14.12 and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as designated ports in
§§14.16–14.19, §14.22, and §14.24 of this part.
(d) Staffed nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a nondesignated port base
inspection fee, as defined in §14.94(h)(2), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a staffed
nondesignated port, using a designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part. This
fee is in place of, not in addition to, the designated port base fee.
(e) Nonstaffed, nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a nondesignated port base
inspection fee, as defined in §14.94(h)(3), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a
nonstaffed, nondesignated port using a designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this
part. You must also pay all travel, transportation, and per diem costs associated with inspection of the
shipment. These fees are in place of, not in addition to, the designated port base fee. The Service will
prorate charges for travel, transportation, and per diem costs if multiple importers or exporters require
inspection at the same time at the same location. All applicable base and premium fees apply to each
shipment.
(f) Premium inspection fees. You must pay a premium inspection fee in addition to any base inspection
fees required in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), for the following
types of shipments:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, any shipment containing live or protected
species, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported by an import/export license holder at a
designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in §14.12
and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as designated ports in §§14.16–14.19, §14.22, and §14.24;
(2) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported
via air, ocean, rail, or truck cargo, by persons not requiring an import/export license under §14.91, at a
designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in §14.12
and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as designated ports in §§14.16–14.19, §14.22, and §14.24;
(3) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported
at a nondesignated port using a designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part.
(4) You must pay two premium inspection fees in addition to any base inspection fees required in
paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), if your wildlife shipment contains
live and protected species.

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(g) Overtime fees. You must pay fees for any inspections, including travel time, that begin before normal
working hours, that extend beyond normal working hours, or are on a Federal holiday, Saturday, or
Sunday.
(1) Overtime fees are in addition to any base inspection fees or premium inspection fees required for
each shipment. We will charge these fees regardless of whether or not you have an import/export
license.
(2) Our ability to perform inspections during overtime hours will depend upon the availability of Service
personnel. If we cannot perform an inspection during normal working hours, we may give you the option
of requesting an overtime inspection.
(3) The overtime fee is calculated using a 2-hour minimum plus any actual time in excess of the
minimum. It incorporates the actual time to conduct an inspection and the travel time to and from the
inspection location.
(4) The Service will charge any overtime, including travel time, in excess of the minimum in quarter-hour
increments of the hourly rate. The Service will round up an inspection time of 10 minutes or more
beyond a quarter-hour increment to the next quarter-hour and will disregard any time over a quarter-hour
increment that is less than 10 minutes.
(5) The Service will charge only one overtime fee when multiple shipments are consigned to or are to be
exported by the same importer or exporter and we inspect all at the same time at one location. The
overtime fee will consist of one 2-hour minimum or the actual time for inspection of all the applicable
shipments, whichever is greater. All applicable base and premium fees will apply to each shipment.
(6) We will charge 1 hour of time at 11/2times the hourly labor rate for inspections beginning less than 1
hour before normal working hours.
(7) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 11/2times the average hourly labor
rate for inspections outside normal working hours, except for inspections performed on a Federal
holiday.
(8) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 2 times the average hourly labor
rate for inspections performed on a Federal holiday.
(h) Fee schedule.

Fee cost per shipment per year
2012
and
2008
2009
2010
2011 beyond
$85
$87
$89
$91
$93.

Inspection fee schedule
(1) Designated port base
inspection fee (see §14.94 (c))
(2) Staffed nondesignated port
$133
base inspection fee (see §14.94
(d))
(3) Nonstaffed nondesignated
$133
port base inspection fee (see
§14.94(e))
(4) Premium inspection fee at any
port (see §14.94 (f)):
(i) Protected species.
$19
Any species that
requires a permit under
parts 15, 16, 17, 18, 21,
22, or 23 of this chapter;

$136

$139

$142

$145.

$136

$139

$142

$145.

$37

$56

$74

$93.

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(ii) Live species. Any live
wildlife, including live
viable eggs and live
pupae
(5) Overtime inspection fee (see
§14.94(g)):
(i) Inspections beginning
less than 1 hour before
normal work hours
(ii) Inspections after
normal work hours,
including Saturday and
Sunday. (2 hour
minimum charge plus
fee for additional time)
(iii) Inspections on
Federal holidays. (2
hour minimum charge
plus fee for additional
time)

Page 23 of 37

$19

$37

$56

$74

$93.

$48

$49

$51

$52

$53.

$96
$98
$101
$103
$105
min. + min. + min. + min. + min. +
$48/hr $49/hr $51/hr $52/hr $53/hr.

$128
$131 $133
$136
$139
min. + min.+ min. + min. + min. +
$64/hr $65/hr $67/hr $68/hr $70/hr.

(i) The Service will not refund any fee or any portion of any license or inspection fee or excuse payment
of any fee because importation, exportation, or clearance of a wildlife shipment is refused for any
reason.
(j) All base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, and overtime fees will apply regardless of whether
or not a physical inspection of your wildlife shipment is performed, and no fees will be prorated except as
provided in paragraphs (e) and (g)(5) of this section.
(k) Exemptions to inspection fees —(1) Certain North American-origin wild mammal furs or skins.
Wildlife shipments that meet all of the following criteria are exempt from the designated port base
inspection fee (however, these shipments are not exempt from the designated port overtime fees or the
import/export license application fee):
(i) The wildlife is a raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; or a separate fur or skin part, lawfully
taken from the wild in the United States, Canada, or Mexico that does not require permits under parts
17, 18, or 23 of this chapter; and
(ii) You, as the importer or exporter, or a member of your immediate family, such as your spouse,
parents, siblings, and children, took the wildlife from the wild and are shipping the wildlife between the
United States and Canada or Mexico; and
(iii) You have not previously bought or sold the wildlife described in paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section,
and the shipment does not exceed 100 raw furs; raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; or fur or skin
parts; and
(iv) You certify on Form 3–177, Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife, that your
shipment meets all the criteria in this section.
(2) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, or overtime fees if you are
importing or exporting wildlife that is exempt from import/export license requirements as defined in
§14.92(a) or you are importing or exporting wildlife as a government agency as defined in §14.92(b)(1)
(ii).
(3) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, or overtime fees if you are
importing or exporting wildlife that meets the criteria for “domesticated animals” as defined in §14.4.

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Subpart J—Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild Mammals and
Birds to the United States
top

Source: 57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, unless otherwise noted.
§ 14.101 Purposes.
top
The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe requirements necessary to ensure that live wild mammals
and birds shipped to the United States arrive alive, healthy, and uninjured, and that transportation of
such animals occurs under humane and healthful conditions. These regulations implement section 9(d)
of the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981.

§ 14.102 Definitions.
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In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of subchapter B of this chapter, in this subpart—
Ambient air temperature means the temperature of the air surrounding a primary enclosure containing a
wild mammal or bird.
Auxiliary ventilation means cooling or air circulation provided by such means as vents, fans, blowers, or
air conditioning.
Carrier means any person operating an airline, railroad, motor carrier, shipping line, or other enterprise
engaged in the business of transporting any wild mammal or bird for any purpose including exhibition
and for any person, including itself.
Communicable disease means any contagious, infectious, or transmissible disease of wild mammals or
birds.
Conveyance means any vehicle, vessel, or aircraft employed to transport an animal between its origin
and destination.
Do not tip means do not excessively rock or otherwise move from a vertical to a slanting position, knock
over, or upset.
Handle means feed, manipulate, crate, shift, transfer, immobilize, restrain, treat, or otherwise control the
movement or activities of any wild mammal or bird.
Holding area means a designated area at or within a terminal facility that has been specially prepared to
provide shelter and other requirements of wild mammals or birds being transported to the United States
and in which such mammals or birds are maintained prior to, during, or following such shipment.
Kept clean means maintained free from dirt, trash, refuse, excreta, remains from other cargo, and
impurities of any type.
Marine mammal means an individual of a species of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, or Sirenia, or a
polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) or sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ).
Noncompatible means not capable of existing together in harmony.
Nonhuman primate means any nonhuman member of the order Primates.

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Normal rigors of transportation means the stress that a wild animal can be expected to experience as a
result of exposure to unaccustomed surroundings, unfamiliar confinement, caging, unfamiliar sounds,
motion, and other conditions commonly encountered during transport.
Primary enclosure means any structure used to restrict a mammal or bird to a limited amount of space,
such as a cage, room, pen, run, stall, pool, or hutch.
Professionally accepted standards means a level of practice established as acceptable by a body of
qualified persons of the veterinary medical profession.
Psychological trauma means an episode of exposure to stressful conditions resulting in significant
behavioral abnormality including, but not limited to, manifestations of unaccustomed aggressiveness,
self-mutilation, or refusal of food or water.
Raptor means a live migratory bird of the order Falconiformes or the order Strigiformes.
Sanitize means to make physically clean and, as far as possible, free of toxic or infectious agents
injurious to the health of wild mammals or birds.
Scheduled departure time means the time listed on a timetable of departures and arrivals or, in the
absence of a timetable, the time of departure agreed to by a carrier and shipper.
Shipper means any person, other than a carrier, involved in the transport of wild animals to the United
States regardless of the purpose of such transport; e.g., exporter, importer, or agent.
Terrestrial mammals means mammals other than marine mammals.
Transport means to move, convey, carry, or ship by any means, or to deliver or receive for the purpose
of movement, carriage, or shipment, by air, land, or sea.
Transporting device means any vehicle or device used to transport an animal between a conveyance
and a terminal facility, in and around a terminal facility of a carrier, or within a conveyance.
Unweaned means a bird or mammal incapable of feeding itself independently.
Wild means the same as fish or wildlife, as defined in §10.12 of this chapter.

§ 14.103 Prohibitions.
top
Unless the requirements of this subpart are fully satisfied and all other legal requirements are met, it is
unlawful for any person to transport to the United States, cause to be transported to the United States,
or allow to be transported to the United States any live wild mammal or bird. It shall be unlawful for any
person to import, to transport, or to cause or permit to be transported to the United States any wild
mammal or bird under inhumane or unhealthful conditions or in violation of this subpart J.

§ 14.104 Translations.
top
Any certificate or document required by this subpart to accompany a mammal or bird transported to the
United States and written in a foreign language must be accompanied by an accurate English
translation.

§ 14.105 Consignment to carrier.
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(a) No carrier shall accept any live wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States that has not
been examined within 10 days prior to commencement of transport to the United States by a
veterinarian certified as qualified by the national government of the initial country from which the
mammal or bird is being exported. If the national government of such country does not certify
veterinarians, then the veterinarian must be certified or licensed by a local government authority
designated by the national government as authorized to certify veterinarians.
(b)(1) A certificate of veterinary medical inspection, signed by the examining veterinarian, stating that the
animal has been examined, is healthy, appears to be free of any communicable disease, and is able to
withstand the normal rigors of transport must accompany the mammal or bird; the certificate should
include the veterinarian's license number, certification number, or equivalent. A mammal in the last third
of its pregnancy, if this is detectable using professionally accepted standards, shall not be accepted for
transport to the United States except for medical treatment and unless the examining veterinarian
certifies in writing that the animal has been examined, the state of pregnancy has been evaluated, and
that, despite the medical condition requiring treatment, the animal is physically able to withstand the
normal rigors of transportation to the United States.
(2) A nursing mother with young, an unweaned mammal unaccompanied by its mother, or an unweaned
bird shall be transported only if the primary purpose is for needed medical treatment and upon
certification in writing by the examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary and the animal is
able to withstand the normal rigors of transport. Such an unweaned mammal or bird shall not be
transported to the United States for medical treatment unless it is accompanied at all times by and
completely accessible to a veterinary attendant.
(c) A sick or injured wild mammal or bird shall be permitted transport to the United States only if the
primary purpose of such transport is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in writing by the
examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary and the animal is able to withstand the normal
rigors of travel in its present condition. A sick or injured animal shall be accompanied at all times
throughout the transport process by a veterinary attendant qualified to care for and treat it, with
continuous access to the animal. This individual shall be in possession of or have ready access to all
medications to be administered during the transport.
(d) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States presented by the
shipper less than 2 hours or more than 6 hours prior to the scheduled departure of the conveyance on
which it is to be transported. The carrier shall notify the crew of the presence of live animal shipments.

§ 14.106 Primary enclosures.
top
No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any live wild mammal or bird in a primary
enclosure that does not conform to the following requirements:
(a) The Container Requirements of the Live Animal Regulations (LAR), 20th edition, October 1, 1993,
published by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) shall be complied with by all parties
transporting wild mammals or birds to the United States. The incorporation by reference of the LAR was
approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
Copies may be obtained from IATA, 2000 Peel St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R4. Copies may be
inspected at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203 or at the
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material
at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to:
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(b) A primary enclosure shall be constructed so that—
(1) The strength of the enclosure is sufficient to contain the mammal or bird and to withstand the normal
effects of transport;
(2) The interior of the enclosure is free from any protrusion that could be injurious to the mammal or bird
within;
(3) No part of the animal can extend or protrude outside of the primary enclosure which may result in
injury to the contained animal, to nearby persons or animals, or to handlers of the primary enclosure;

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(4) Access to the primary enclosure is closed and secured with an animal-proof device designed to
prevent accidental opening and release of the mammal or bird;
(5) The opening of the enclosure is easily accessible for either emergency removal or inspection of the
mammal or bird by authorized personnel without the risk of escape of the mammal or bird;
(6) The enclosure has sufficient openings to ensure adequate circulation of air at all times.
(7) The material of which the primary enclosure is constructed is not treated with any paint, preservative,
or other chemical that is injurious or otherwise harmful to the health or well-being of mammals and birds.
(c) Unless the enclosure is permanently affixed in the conveyance or has an open top for certain large
mammals, spacer bars allowing circulation of air around the enclosure shall be fitted to the exterior of its
top, sides, and base. Spacer bars on an enclosure need extend no more than 6 inches (15 centimeters)
from the surface of the enclosure. Within this 6 inch limit, the spacers on an enclosure containing one
animal shall extend a distance equal to at least 10 percent of the longer dimension of the surface to
which they are attached, and the spacers on an enclosure containing more than one animal shall extend
a distance equal to at least 20 percent of the longer dimension of the surface to which they are attached.
Hand-holds may serve as spacer bars for the sides of the enclosure to which they are attached. A
primary enclosure constructed with one or more slanted or curved walls containing ventilation openings
need not be fitted with spacer bars on such walls.
(d) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed within the conveyance shall have adequate hand-holds
or other devices for lifting by hand or to facilitate lifting and carrying by machine. Such hand-holds or
other devices shall be made an integral part of the enclosure, shall enable it to be lifted without
excessive tipping, and shall be designed so that the person handling the enclosure will not come in
contact with the animals contained therein.
(e) An enclosure shall have a solid, leak-proof bottom or removable, leak-proof collection tray under a
slatted or wire mesh floor. The slatted or wire mesh floor shall be designed and constructed so that the
spaces between the slats or the holes in the mesh cannot trap the limbs of animals contained within the
enclosure. An enclosure for mammals shall contain unused absorbent litter on the solid bottom or in the
leak-proof tray in sufficient quantity to absorb and cover excreta. This litter shall be safe and nontoxic
and shall not resemble food normally consumed by the mammals. An enclosure used to transport
marine mammals in water, in a waterproof enclosure, a sling, or on foam is exempt from the requirement
to contain litter. An enclosure used to transport birds shall not contain litter, unless it is specified in
writing by the examining veterinarian as medically necessary.
(f) If an enclosure has been previously used to transport or store wild mammals or birds, it shall have
been cleaned and sanitized in a manner that will destroy pathogenic agents and pests injurious to the
health of mammals and birds before the enclosure can be re-used.
(g) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed in the conveyance shall be clearly marked in English on
the outside of the top and one or more sides of the enclosure, in letters not less than 2.5 centimeters (1
inch) in height, “Live Animals” or “Wild Animals”, “Do Not Tip,” “Only Authorized Personnel May Open
Container,” and other appropriate or required instructions. All enclosure sides shall also be
conspicuously marked on the outside with arrows to indicate the correct upright position of the
enclosure. These arrows should extend up the sides of the enclosure so that the point of the arrow is
visible and clearly indicates the top of the enclosure.
(h) Food and water instructions as specified in §14.108, information regarding what constitutes obvious
signs of stress in the species being transported, and information about any drugs or medication to be
administered by the accompanying veterinary attendant shall be securely attached to each enclosure.
Copies of shipping documents accompanying the shipment shall also be securely attached to the
primary enclosure. Original documents shall be carried in the carrier's pouch or manifest container or by
the shipper's attendant accompanying the wild mammal or bird.
(i) Any food and water troughs shall be securely attached to the interior of the enclosure in such a
manner that the troughs can be filled from outside the enclosure. Any opening providing access to a
trough shall be capable of being securely closed with an animal-proof device. A water trough in an
enclosure containing birds shall contain a foam or sponge insert, a perforated wooden block, or other
suitable device to prevent spillage or drowning.
(j) When a primary enclosure is permanently affixed within a conveyance so that its front opening is the
only source of ventilation, the opening shall face the outside of the conveyance or an unobstructed aisle

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or passageway within the conveyance. Such an aisle or passageway shall be at least 12 inches (30
centimeters) wide. The opening in the primary enclosure shall occupy at least 90 percent of the total
surface area of the front wall of the enclosure and be covered with bars or wire mesh.
[57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 36719, July 19, 1994; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004]

§ 14.107 Conveyance.
top
(a) The animal cargo space of a conveyance used to transport wild mammals or birds to the United
States shall be designed, constructed, and maintained so as to ensure the humane and healthful
transport of the animals.
(b) The cargo space shall be constructed and maintained so as to prevent the harmful ingress of engine
exhaust fumes and gases produced by the conveyance.
(c) No wild mammal or bird shall be placed in a cargo space of a conveyance that does not provide
sufficient air for it to breathe normally. Primary enclosures shall be positioned in a cargo space in such a
manner that each animal has access to sufficient air for normal breathing.
(d) The interior of an animal cargo space shall be kept clean of disease-causing agents.
(e) A wild mammal or bird shall not be transported in a cargo space that contains any material,
substance, or device that may reasonably be expected to result in inhumane conditions or be injurious to
the animal's health unless all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent such conditions or injury.

§ 14.108 Food and water.
top
(a) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States unless written
instructions from the shipper concerning the animal's food and water requirements are securely affixed
to the outside of its primary enclosure. Such instructions shall be consistent with professionally accepted
standards of care and include specifically the quantity of water required, the amount and type of food
required, and the frequency of feeding and watering necessary to ensure that the animal is transported
humanely and healthfully.
(b) A mammal or bird requiring drinking water shall have uncontaminated water suitable for drinking
made available to it at all times prior to commencement of transport to the United States, during
intermediate stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, or as directed by the shipper's written
instructions.
(c) A mammal or bird that obtains moisture from fruits or other food shall be provided such food prior to
commencement of transport to the United States, during stopovers, and upon arrival in the United
States, or as directed by the shipper's written instructions.
(d) During a stopover or while still in the custody of the carrier after arrival in the United States, a
mammal or bird in transit shall be observed no less frequently than once every four hours and given food
and water according to the instructions required by §14.108(a).
(e) Suitable and sufficient food shall be made available during transport.
(f) Additional requirements for feeding and watering particular kinds of animals are found below in the
specifications for the various groups.

§ 14.109 Care in transit.
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(a) During transportation to the United States, including any stopovers during transport, the carrier shall
visually inspect each primary enclosure not less than once every 4 hours, or in the case of air transport,
every 4 hours whenever the cargo hold is accessible. During such inspections, the carrier shall verify
that the ambient air temperature is within allowable limits (see §14.109(b)), that enclosures have not
been damaged, that adequate ventilation is being provided, and when transport is by air, that air
pressure suitable to support live animals is maintained within the cargo area (pressure equivalent to a
maximum altitude of 8000 feet). During these observations the carrier shall also determine whether any
animals are in obvious distress as described in documents attached to the enclosure. The absence of
such a document or the absence of information as to signs of distress shall not remove this
responsibility. The carrier shall attempt to correct any condition causing distress and shall consult the
shipper concerning any possible need for veterinary care if no veterinary attendant is traveling with the
shipment; if the shipper cannot be reached in the case of an emergency, qualified veterinary care should
be provided. A veterinarian or qualified attendant traveling with the shipment shall be provided access to
the animal.
(b) Unless otherwise specified in writing by the examining veterinarian the ambient air temperature in a
holding area, transporting device, conveyance or terminal facility containing mammals or birds shall not
be allowed to fall below 12.8 degrees C (55 degrees F) nor to exceed 26.7 degrees C (80 degrees F).
Auxiliary ventilation shall be provided when the ambient air temperature is 23.9 degrees C (75 degrees
F) or higher. In the case of penguins and auks, the ambient air temperature shall not be allowed to
exceed 18.3 degrees C (65 degrees F) at any time, and auxiliary ventilation shall be provided when the
ambient air temperature exceeds 15.6 degrees C (60 degrees F). In the case of polar bears and sea
otters, ambient air temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 10 degrees C (50 degrees F).

§ 14.110 Terminal facilities.
top
(a) Any terminal facility used for wild mammal or bird transport in the country of export, stopover
countries, or the United States shall contain an animal holding area or areas. No carrier or shipper shall
co-mingle live animal shipments with inanimate cargo in an animal holding area.
(b) A carrier or shipper holding any wild mammal or bird in a terminal facility shall provide the following:
(1) A holding area cleaned and sanitized so as to destroy pathogenic agents, maintained so that there is
no accumulation of debris or excreta, and in which vermin infestation is minimized;
(2) An effective program for the control of insects, ectoparasites, and pests of mammals or birds;
(3) Sufficient fresh air to allow the animals to breathe normally with ventilation maintained so as to
minimize drafts, odors, and moisture condensation;
(4) Ambient air temperatures maintained within prescribed limits as specified in §14.109(b).

§ 14.111 Handling.
top
(a) Care shall be exercised to avoid handling the primary enclosure in a manner likely to cause physical
or psychological trauma to the mammal or bird.
(b) A primary enclosure used to move any mammal or bird shall not be dropped, tipped excessively, or
otherwise mishandled, and shall not be stacked or placed in a manner that may reasonably be expected
to result in its falling or being tipped.
(c) Animals incompatible with one another shall not be crated together or held in close proximity.
(d) Transport of mammals or birds to the United States shall be accomplished by the carrier in the most
expeditious manner, with the fewest stopovers possible, and without unnecessary delays.
(e) Consistent with other procedures and requirements of the carrier, live wild mammals or birds shall be

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last loaded and first unloaded from a conveyance.
(f) A carrier shall not allow mammals or birds to remain for extended periods of time outside a holding
area and shall move them between a holding area and a conveyance as expeditiously as possible. A
carrier or shipper maintaining mammals or birds in a holding area, or transporting them to or from a
holding area or between a holding area and a conveyance, shall provide the following:
(1) Shelter from sunlight. When sunlight is likely to cause overheating or discomfort, sufficient shade
shall be provided to protect animals from the direct rays of the sun.
(2) Shelter from precipitation. Animals shall be provided protection so that they remain dry during rain,
snow, or other forms of precipitation.
(3) Shelter from cold. Animals shall be provided protection from cold. Protection shall include, but not be
limited to, that provided by covering and/or heating of transporting devices, holding areas, conveyances
or terminal facilities.
(4) Protection from harassment. Animals shall be protected from disturbances, including, but not limited
to, harassment by humans, other animals, or machinery that makes noise, emits fumes, heat, or light, or
causes vibration.

§ 14.112 Other applicable provisions.
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In addition to the provisions of §§14.101–14.111, the requirements of §§14.121–14.172 applicable for
particular groups of animals shall be met for all shipments of wild mammals and birds covered by this
part.

Specifications for Nonhuman Primates
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§ 14.121 Primary enclosures.
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(a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her
nursing young being transported to the United States for medical treatment, an established male-female
pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached puberty, or other pairs of animals
that have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates of
different species shall not be shipped together in the same enclosure.
(b) A primary enclosure used to transport a primate shall be large enough to ensure that the animal has
sufficient space to turn around freely in a normal manner, lie down, stand up (as appropriate for the
species), and sit in a normal upright position without its head touching the top of the enclosure.
However, a primate may be restricted in its movements according to professionally accepted standards
of care when greater freedom of movement would constitute a danger to the primate or to its handler or
other persons.
(c) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a
primary enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 30 percent of the total surface area
of the ventilated wall and be situated above the midline of the enclosure. If ventilation openings are
located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings on each wall shall comprise at least 20 percent of
the total surface area of the wall and be situated above the midline of the primary enclosure.

§ 14.122 Food and water.

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top
(a) A nonhuman primate shall be provided water suitable for drinking within 4 hours prior to
commencement of transport to the United States unless the shipper's written instructions direct
otherwise. A carrier shall provide suitable drinking water to any primate at least every 12 hours after
acceptance for transport to the United States, unless instructed in writing to do so more frequently by the
shipper.
(b) After acceptance for transport, and unless otherwise instructed in writing by the shipper, a carrier
shall provide suitable food to any nonhuman primate at least once every 12 hours.

§ 14.123 Care in transit.
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(a) A primate shall be observed for signs of distress and given food and water according to the shipper's
instructions during any intermediate stop that lasts more than 4 hours.
(b) Care shall be taken to keep enclosures containing primates sufficiently separated in the conveyance
or holding area to minimize the risk of spread of disease from one species or shipment to another.

Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, Pinnipeds, and
Polar Bears)
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§ 14.131 Primary enclosures.
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(a) A primary enclosure that is not open on top shall have air inlets situated at heights that provide cross
ventilation at all levels and that are located on all four sides of the enclosure. Such ventilation openings
shall comprise not less than 20 percent of the total surface area of each side of the enclosure.
(b) Straps, slings, harnesses, or other such devices used for body support or restraint when transporting
marine mammals such as cetaceans or sirenians shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The devices shall not prevent attendants from having access to the mammal to administer care
during transportation;
(2) The devices shall be equipped with sufficient padding to prevent trauma or injury at points of contact
with the mammal's body;
(3) Slings or harnesses shall allow free movement of flippers outside of the harness or sling;
(4) The devices shall be capable of preventing the mammal from thrashing about and causing injury to
itself, handlers, or other persons, but shall be designed so as not to cause injury to the mammal.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport marine mammals shall be large enough to assure the
following:
(1) A sea otter or polar bear has sufficient space to turn about freely with all four feet on the floor and to
sit in an upright position, stand, or lie in a natural position;
(2) A pinniped has sufficient space to lie in a natural position;
(3) If a sling, harness, or other supporting device is used, there are at least 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) of
clearance between any body part and the primary enclosure;

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(d) A marine mammal may be restricted in its movements according to professionally accepted
standards of care when freedom of movement would constitute a danger to the animal or to handlers or
other persons.
(e) All marine mammals contained in a given primary enclosure shall be of the same species and be
maintained in compatible groups. A marine mammal that has not reached puberty shall not be
transported in the same primary enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially
dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother, and offspring) transported in the same conveyance shall be
allowed visual and, when appropriate for the species, olfactory contact. A female marine mammal shall
not be transported in the same primary enclosure with any mature male marine mammal.

§ 14.132 Food and water.
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A marine mammal shall not be transported for more than a period of 36 hours without being offered
suitable food unless the shipper's written instructions or the shipper's attendant travelling with the
mammal direct otherwise. After feeding, a marine mammal shall be rested for 6 hours prior to resuming
transport.

§ 14.133 Care in transit.
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(a) Any marine mammal shall be accompanied, in the same conveyance, by the shipper or an
authorized representative of the shipper knowledgeable in marine mammal care to provide for the
animal's health and well-being. The shipper or representative shall observe such marine mammals to
determine whether or not they need veterinary care and shall provide or obtain any needed veterinary
care as soon as possible. Care during transport shall include the following (on a species-specific basis):
(1) Keeping the skin moist or preventing the drying of the skin by such methods as covering with wet
cloths, spraying it with water or applying a nontoxic emollient;
(2) Assuring that the pectoral flippers (when applicable) are allowed freedom of movement at all times;
(3) Making adjustments in the position of the mammal when necessary to prevent necrosis of the skin at
weight pressure points; and
(4) Calming the mammal to prevent struggling, thrashing, and other activity that may cause overheating
or physical trauma.
(b) Unless otherwise directed by a shipper or authorized representative, at least one-half of the floor
area in a primary enclosure used to transport sea otters to the United States shall contain sufficient
crushed ice or ice water to provide each otter with moisture necessary to maintain its hair coat by
preventing it from drying and to minimize soiling of the hair coat with urine and fecal material.
(c) A marine mammal exhibiting excited or otherwise dangerous behavior shall not be taken from its
primary enclosure except under extreme emergency conditions and then only by the shipper or other
authorized individual who is capable of handling the animal safely.

Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates
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§ 14.141 Consignment to carrier.
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Species that grow antlers shall not be accepted for transport unless the antlers have been shed or

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surgically removed.

§ 14.142 Primary enclosures.
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(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a
primary enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area
of each ventilated wall. When ventilation openings are located on all four walls of the primary enclosure,
the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least one-third of
the minimum area required for ventilation shall be located on the lower one-half of the primary enclosure
and at least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation shall be located on the upper
one-half of the primary enclosure.
(b) No more than one elephant or ungulate shall be transported in a primary enclosure, except that: a
mother and nursing young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment complies with
the provisions of §14.105(b); in the case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or
ungulates or other pairs that have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary
enclosure.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate shall be large enough to allow the
animal to lie or stand in a natural upright position with the head extended, but not large enough for the
animal to roll over.
(d) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate with horns or tusks shall be designed
and constructed to prevent the horns or tusks from becoming trapped or injuring the animal itself, other
animals nearby, attendants, or cargo handlers.
(e) A primary enclosure for an elephant or ungulate shall be equipped with a removable water trough
that can be securely hung within the enclosure above the floor and can be filled from outside the
enclosure.

Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)
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§ 14.151 Primary enclosures.
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(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a
primary enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area
of the ventilated wall. When ventilation openings are located on all four walls, the openings shall
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least one-third of the total minimum
area required for ventilation of the primary enclosure shall be located on the upper one-half of the
primary enclosure.
(b) No more than one sloth, bat, or flying lemur (Cynocephalidae) shall be transported in a primary
enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing young being transported for medical reasons, an
established male-female pair, a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached puberty, or
other small groups of animals that have been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same
primary enclosure.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport sloths, bats, or flying lemurs shall be large enough to ensure
that each animal has sufficient space to move freely and in a normal manner and shall have a wide
perch, bar, or mesh of suitable strength fitted under the top of the enclosure and spaced from it in such a
way that the animals may hang from it freely in a natural position.

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Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals
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§ 14.161 Primary enclosures.
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(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a
primary enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the
primary enclosure, these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area
of each ventilated wall. When openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall
comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least one-third of the minimum area
required for ventilation shall be located on the lower one-half of the enclosure, and at least one-third of
the total minimum area required for ventilation shall be located on the upper one-half of the enclosure.
(b) No more than one terrestrial mammal (other than rodents) shall be transported in a primary
enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if
the shipment complies with the provisions of §14.105(b).
(c) More than one rodent may be transported in the same primary enclosure if they are members of the
same species and are maintained in compatible groups. Rodents that are incompatible shall be
transported in individual primary enclosures that are stored and transported so they are visually
separated. A female with young being transported for medical reasons shall not be placed in a primary
enclosure with other animals. The following chart specifies maximum densities minimum space for
transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight limitations. Max. No. refers to maximum number
per primary enclosure; Space/animal refers to minimum area of floor space per animals. Rodents
weighing more than 5,000 grams shall be transported in individual enclosures.
Density Guidelines for Rodents

Max. No.
wt. in grams of rodent:
220 or less
220–450
450–1000
1,000–5,000

20
12
6
2

Space/Animal
cm/2/
in/2/
194
388
770
2,310

30
60
120
360

Ht. of Box
cm
in
15
20
25
30

6
8
10
12

(d) A primary enclosure used to transport terrestrial mammals shall be large enough to ensure that each
animal has sufficient space to turn around freely in a normal manner. The height of the primary
enclosure shall provide adequate space for the animal to stand upright in a normal posture with space
above its head. The length of the primary enclosure shall be great enough to enable the animal to lie in
a full prone position.

Specifications for Birds
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§ 14.171 Consignment to carrier.
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(a) A personally owned pet bird originally transported from the United States and being returned to this
country with its original United States certificate of veterinary inspection within 60 days of departure may

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be accepted by a carrier without a new veterinary examination.
(b) No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any bird that was captured in the wild unless
a qualified veterinarian, authorized by the national government of the country from which the bird is
being exported, certifies that the bird has been held in captivity for at least 14 days.

§ 14.172 Primary enclosures.
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(a) A primary enclosure for birds shall have ventilation openings on two vertical sides that comprise at
least 16 percent of the surface area of each side and are positioned so as to decrease the likelihood of
creating a draft.
(b) Perches shall be provided for birds that rest by perching. The diameter of the perch shall be sufficient
to permit the birds to maintain a firm, comfortable grip. Perches shall be placed so that droppings do not
fall into food or water troughs or onto other perched birds. There shall be enough head room to allow the
birds to move onto and off the perches without touching the top of the enclosure.
(c) An enclosure used to transport one or more birds that rest by perching shall be large enough to
ensure that sufficient perch space is available for all birds to perch comfortably at the same time. No
more than 50 birds that rest by perching shall be transported in one primary enclosure, with the
exception of large birds (longer than 23 cm, or 9 inches), which are limited to a maximum of 25 per
primary enclosure.
(d) A primary enclosure used to transport a raptorial bird shall be large enough to transport the bird
comfortably and to permit it to turn around without stretching its wings to the fullest extent. Only one
raptorial bird shall be contained in a primary enclosure.
(e) A primary enclosure containing nonraptorial birds that do not rest by perching shall be large enough
for the birds to turn around, to lie down, to stand erect, and to change posture in a normal manner.
(f) Nectar-feeding birds shall either be transported in a primary enclosure equipped with feeding bottles
accessible from outside the enclosure for replenishment or hand-carried and fed in accordance with the
written instructions of the shipper.
(g) Birds transported in the same primary enclosure shall be of the same species and be compatible with
one another. Birds that are incompatible shall be placed in individual primary enclosures and these
enclosures shall not be stored or transported in visual proximity to one another.

Subpart K—Captive Wildlife Safety Act
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Source: 72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007, unless otherwise noted.
§ 14.250 What is the purpose of these regulations?
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The regulations in this subpart implement the Captive Wildlife Safety Act (CWSA), 117 Stat. 2871, which
amended the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371–3378, by adding paragraphs 2(g), 3(a)
(2)(C), and 3(e) (16 U.S.C. 3371, 3372).

§ 14.251 What other regulations may apply?
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The provisions of this subpart are in addition to, and are not in place of, other regulations of this
subchapter B that may require a permit or describe additional restrictions or conditions for the
importation, exportation, transportation, sale, receipt, acquisition, or purchase of wildlife in interstate or
foreign commerce.

§ 14.252 What definitions do I need to know?
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In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context otherwise
requires, in this subpart:
Accredited wildlife sanctuary means a facility that cares for live specimens of one or more of the
prohibited wildlife species and:
(1) Is approved by the United States Internal Revenue Service as a corporation that is exempt from
taxation under §501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which is described in §§501(c)(3) and 170
(b)(1)(A)(vi) of that code;
(2) Does not commercially trade in prohibited wildlife species, including offspring, parts, and products;
(3) Does not propagate any of the prohibited wildlife species; and
(4) Does not allow any direct contact between the public and the prohibited wildlife species.
Direct contact means any situation in which any individual other than an authorized keeper or caregiver
may potentially touch or otherwise come into physical contact with any live specimen of the prohibited
wildlife species.
Licensed person means any individual, facility, agency, or other entity that holds a valid license from and
is inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
(APHIS) under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq. ) (See definition of “licensee” in 9
CFR 1.1.).
Prohibited wildlife species means a specimen of any of the following eight species: Lion ( Panthera leo ),
tiger ( Panthera tigris ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ), snow leopard ( Uncia uncia ), clouded leopard
( Neofelis nebulosa ), jaguar ( Panthera onca ), cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ), and cougar ( Puma
concolor ) or any hybrids resulting from the breeding of any combination of any of these species, for
example, a liger (a male lion and a female tiger) or a tiglon (a male tiger and a female lion), whether
naturally or artificially produced.
Propagate means to allow or facilitate the production of offspring of any of the prohibited wildlife species,
by any means.
Registered person means any individual, facility, agency, or other entity that is registered with and
inspected by APHIS under the AWA (See definition of “registrant” in 9 CFR 1.1.).

§ 14.253 What are the restrictions contained in these regulations?
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Except as provided in §14.255, it is unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive,
acquire, or purchase, in interstate or foreign commerce, any live prohibited wildlife species.

§ 14.254 What are the requirements contained in these regulations?
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In order to qualify for the exemption in §14.255, an accredited wildlife sanctuary must maintain complete

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and accurate records of any possession, transportation, acquisition, disposition, importation, or
exportation of the prohibited wildlife species covered by the CWSA. These records must be up to date,
and must include the names and addresses of persons to or from whom any prohibited wildlife species
has been acquired, imported, exported, purchased, sold, or otherwise transferred; and the dates of
these transactions. The accredited wildlife sanctuary must maintain these records for 5 years, must
make these records available to Service officials for inspection at reasonable hours, and must copy
these records for Service officials, if requested. In addition, by declaring itself to be accredited under this
subpart, a wildlife sanctuary agrees to allow access to its facilities and its prohibited wildlife specimens
by Service officials at reasonable hours.

§ 14.255 Are there any exemptions to the restrictions contained in these regulations?
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The prohibitions of §14.253 do not apply to:
(a) A licensed person or registered person;
(b) A State college, university, or agency;
(c) A State-licensed wildlife rehabilitator;
(d) A State-licensed veterinarian;
(e) An accredited wildlife sanctuary; or
(f) A person who:
(1) Can produce documentation showing that he or she is transporting live prohibited wildlife species
between persons who are exempt from the prohibitions in §14.253; and
(2) Has no financial interest in the prohibited wildlife species other than payment received for
transporting them.
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