Att A1-fmvss 213 Child Restraint Systems

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

mounting of the vehicle shall retain
not less than the minimum portion of
the windshield periphery specified in
S5.1 and S5.2.
S5.1 Vehicles equipped with passive restraints. Vehicles equipped with passive
restraint systems shall retain not less
than 50 percent of the portion of the
windshield periphery on each side of
the vehicle longitudinal centerline.
S5.2 Vehicles not equipped with passive restraints. Vehicles not equipped
with passive restraint systems shall retain not less than 75 percent of the
windshield periphery.
S6. Test conditions. The requirements
of S5. shall be met under the following
conditions:
S6.1 The vehicle, including test devices and instrumentation, is loaded as
follows:
(a) Except as specified in S6.2, a passenger car is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its cargo and luggage
capacity weight, secured in the luggage
area, plus a 50th-percentile test dummy
as specified in part 572 of this chapter
at each front outboard designated seating position and at any other position
whose protection system is required to
be tested by a dummy under the provisions of Standard No. 208. Each dummy
is restrained only by means that are
installed for protection at its seating
position.
(b) Except as specified in S6.2, a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck or
bus is loaded to its unloaded vehicle
weight, plus 136 kilograms or its rated
cargo and luggage capacity, whichever
is less, secured to the vehicle, plus a
50th-percentile test dummy as specified
in part 572 of this chapter at each front
outboard designated seating position
and at any other position whose protection system is required to be tested
by a dummy under the provisions of
Standard No. 208. Each dummy is restrained only by means that are installed for protection at its seating position. The load is distributed so that
the weight on each axle as measured at
the tire-ground interface is in proportion to its GAWR. If the weight on any
axle when the vehicle is loaded to its
unloaded vehicle weight plus dummy
weight exceeds the axle’s proportional
share of the test weight, the remaining
weight is placed so that the weight on

that axle remains the same. For the
purposes of this section, unloaded vehicle weight does not include the weight
of work-performing accessories. Vehicles are tested to a maximum unloaded
vehicle weight of 2,495 kilograms.
S6.2 The fuel tank is filled to any
level from 90 to 95 percent of capacity.
S6.3 The parking brake is disengaged and the transmission is in neutral.
S6.4 Tires are inflated to the vehicle
manufacturer’s specifications.
S6.5 The windshield mounting material and all vehicle components in direct contact with the mounting material are at any temperature between
¥9 degrees Celsius and +43 degrees Celsius.
[41 FR 36494, Aug. 30, 1976, as amended at 42
FR 34289, July 5, 1977; 45 FR 22046, Apr. 3,
1980; 60 FR 13647, Mar. 14, 1995]

§ 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems.
S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for child restraint systems
used in motor vehicles and aircraft.
S2. Purpose. The purpose of this
standard is to reduce the number of
children killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes and in aircraft.
S3. Application. This standard applies
to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses, and
to child restraint systems for use in
motor vehicles and aircraft.
S4. Definitions.
Add-on child restraint system means
any portable child restraint system.
Backless child restraint system means a
child restraint, other than a belt-positioning seat, that consists of a seating
platform that does not extend up to
provide a cushion for the child’s back
or head and has a structural element
designed to restrain forward motion of
the child’s torso in a forward impact.
Belt-positioning seat means a child restraint system that positions a child
on a vehicle seat to improve the fit of
a vehicle Type II belt system on the
child and that lacks any component,
such as a belt system or a structural
element, designed to restrain forward
movement of the child’s torso in a forward impact.

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yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT
Booster seat means either a backless
child restraint system or a belt-positioning seat.
Built-in child restraint system means a
child restraint system that is designed
to be an integral part of and permanently installed in a motor vehicle.
Car bed means a child restraint system designed to restrain or position a
child in the supine or prone position on
a continuous flat surface.
Child restraint anchorage system is defined in S3 of FMVSS No. 225 (§ 571.225).
Child restraint system means any device, except Type I or Type II seat
belts, designed for use in a motor vehicle or aircraft to restrain, seat, or position children who weigh 30 kilograms
(kg) or less.
Contactable surface means any child
restraint system surface (other than
that of a belt, belt buckle, or belt adjustment hardware) that may contact
any part of the head or torso of the appropriate test dummy, specified in S7,
when a child restraint system is tested
in accordance with S6.1.
Factory-installed built-in child restraint
system means a built-in child restraint
system that has been or will be permanently installed in a motor vehicle before that vehicle is certified as a completed or altered vehicle in accordance
with part 567 of this chapter.
Harness means a combination pelvic
and upper torso child restraint system
that consists primarily of flexible material, such as straps, webbing or similar material, and that does not include
a rigid seating structure for the child.
Rear-facing child restraint system
means a child restraint system, except
a car bed, that positions a child to face
in the direction opposite to the normal
direction of travel of the motor vehicle.
Representative aircraft passenger seat
means either a Federal Aviation Administration approved production aircraft passenger seat or a simulated aircraft passenger seat conforming to Figure 6.
Seat orientation reference line or SORL
means the horizontal line through
Point Z as illustrated in Figure 1A.
Specific vehicle shell means the actual
vehicle model part into which the
built-in child restraint system is or is
intended to be fabricated, including the

§ 571.213
complete surroundings of the built-in
system. If the built-in child restraint
system is or is intended to be fabricated as part of any seat other than a
front seat, these surroundings include
the back of the seat in front, the interior rear side door panels and trim, the
floor pan, adjacent pillars (e.g., the B
and C pillars), and the ceiling. If the
built-in system is or is intended to be
fabricated as part of the front seat,
these surroundings include the dashboard, the steering mechanism and its
associated trim hardware, any levers
and knobs installed on the floor or on
a console, the interior front side door
panels and trim, the front seat, the
floor pan, the A pillars and the ceiling.
Tether anchorage is defined in S3 of
FMVSS No. 225 (§ 571.225).
Tether strap is defined in S3 of
FMVSS No. 225 (§ 571.225).
Tether hook is defined in S3 of
FMVSS No. 225 (§ 571.225).
Torso means the portion of the body
of a seated anthropomorphic test
dummy, excluding the thighs, that lies
between the top of the child restraint
system seating surface and the top of
the shoulders of the test dummy.
S5. Requirements. (a) Each motor vehicle with a built-in child restraint
system shall meet the requirements in
this section when, as specified, tested
in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph.
(b) Each child restraint system manufactured for use in motor vehicles
shall meet the requirements in this
section when, as specified, tested in accordance with S6.1 and this paragraph.
Each add-on system shall meet the requirements at each of the restraint’s
seat back angle adjustment positions
and restraint belt routing positions,
when the restraint is oriented in the
direction recommended by the manufacturer (e.g., forward, rearward or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested
with the test dummy specified in S7.
(c) Each child restraint system manufactured for use in aircraft shall meet
the requirements in this section and
the additional requirements in S8.
(d) Each child restraint tested with a
Part 572 Subpart S dummy need not
meet S5.1.2 and S5.1.3.
S5.1 Dynamic performance.

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§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

2 .5

(t2 − t1 )

t2
⎤
⎡ 1
⎢
HIC =
adt ⎥
∫
⎥
⎢ ( t 2 − t1 ) t
1
⎦
⎣

2 .5

( t 2 − t1 )

(b) The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the thoracic
instrumentation shall not exceed 60
g’s, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.
S5.1.2.2 At the manufacturer’s option (with said option irrevocably selected prior to, or at the time of, certification of the restraint), child restraint systems manufactured before
August 1, 2005 may be tested to the requirements of S5 while using the test
dummies specified in S7.1.2 of this
standard according to the criteria for
selecting test dummies specified in
that paragraph. That paragraph specifies the dummies used to test child restraint systems manufactured on or
after August 1, 2005. If a manufacturer
selects the dummies specified in S7.1.2
to test its product, the injury criteria

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ER18jn03.018

⎡ 1
⎤
t2
adt ⎥
⎢
∫
⎢⎣ (t 2 − t1 ) t1
⎥⎦

shall not exceed 1,000, where a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a
multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two moments
during the impacts.
(b) Limit the resultant acceleration
at the location of the accelerometer
mounted in the test dummy upper thorax as specified in part 572 to not more
than 60 g’s, except for intervals whose
cumulative duration is not more than 3
milliseconds.
S5.1.2.1 When tested in accordance
with S6.1 and with the test dummies
specified in S7, each child restraint
system manufactured on or after August 1, 2005 shall’
(a) Limit the resultant acceleration
at the location of the accelerometer
mounted in the test dummy head such
that, for any two points in time, t1 and
t2, during the event which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval and where t1 is
less than t2, the maximum calculated
head injury criterion (HIC36) shall not
exceed 1,000, determined using the resultant head acceleration at the center
of gravity of the dummy head, ar, expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), calculated using the
expression:

EC01AU91.097

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

S5.1.1 Child restraint system integrity.
When tested in accordance with S6.1,
each child restraint system shall meet
the requirements of paragraphs (a)
through (c) of this section.
(a) Exhibit no complete separation of
any load bearing structural element
and no partial separation exposing either surfaces with a radius of less than
1⁄4 inch or surfaces with protrusions
greater than 3⁄8 inch above the immediate adjacent surrounding contactable
surface of any structural element of
the system.
(b)(1) If adjustable to different positions, remain in the same adjustment
position during the testing that it was
in immediately before the testing, except as otherwise specified in paragraph (b)(2).
(2)(i) Subject to paragraph (b)(2)(ii), a
rear-facing child restraint system may
have a means for repositioning the
seating surface of the system that allows the system’s occupant to move
from a reclined position to an upright
position and back to a reclined position
during testing.
(ii) No opening that is exposed and is
larger than 1⁄4 inch before the testing
shall become smaller during the testing as a result of the movement of the
seating surface relative to the restraint system as a whole.
(c) If a front facing child restraint
system, not allow the angle between
the system’s back support surfaces for
the child and the system’s seating surface to be less than 45 degrees at the
completion of the test.
S5.1.2 Injury criteria. When tested in
accordance with S6.1 and with the test
dummies specified in S7, each child restraint system manufactured before
August 1, 2005, that, in accordance with
S5.5.2, is recommended for use by children whose mass is more than 10 kg
shall—
(a) Limit the resultant acceleration
at the location of the accelerometer
mounted in the test dummy head as
specified in part 572 such that the expression:

Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT
specified by S5.1.2.1 of this standard
must be met. Child restraints manufactured on or after August 1, 2005 must be
tested using the test dummies specified
in S7.1.2.
S5.1.3 Occupant
excursion.
When
tested in accordance with S6.1 and the
requirements specified in this section,
each child restraint system shall meet
the applicable excursion limit requirements specified in S5.1.3.1–S5.1.3.3.
S5.1.3.1 Child restraint systems other
than rear-facing ones and car beds. Each
child restraint system, other than a
rear-facing child restraint system or a
car bed, shall retain the test dummy’s
torso within the system.

§ 571.213
(a) For each add-on child restraint
system:
(1) No portion of the test dummy’s
head shall pass through a vertical
transverse plane that is 720 mm or 813
mm (as specified in the table in this
S5.1.3.1) forward of point Z on the
standard seat assembly, measured
along the center SORL (as illustrated
in figure 1B of this standard); and
(2) Neither knee pivot point shall
pass through a vertical transverse
plane that is 915 mm forward of point Z
on the standard seat assembly, measured along the center SORL.

TABLE TO S5.1.3.1(a)—ADD-ON FORWARD-FACING CHILD RESTRAINTS

When this type of child restraint

is tested in accordance with—

these excursion limits
apply

EXPLANATORY NOTE: In the test specified in 2nd column, the child restraint
is attached to the test seat assembly
in the manner described below, subject to certain conditions

Harnesses, backless booster seats and
restraints designed for use by physically handicapped children.
Harnesses labeled per S5.3.1(b)(i)
through S5.3.1(b)(iii) and Figure 12.
Belt-positioning seats ............................

S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) ......

Head 813 mm; ..........
Knee 915 mm

Attached with lap belt; in addition, if a
tether is provided, it is attached.

S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) ......

Head 813 mm;
Knee 915 mm
Head 813 mm;
Knee 915 mm
Head 813 mm;
Knee 915 mm
Head 813 mm;
Knee 915 mm

..........

Attached with seat back mount.

..........

Attached with lap and shoulder belt;
no tether is attached.
Attached with lap belt; no tether is attached.
Attached with lap belt; no tether is attached.
Attached to lower anchorages of child
restraint anchorage system; no tether is attached.
Attached with lap belt; in addition, if a
tether is provided, it is attached.
Attached to lower anchorages of child
restraint anchorage system; in addition, if a tether is provided, it is attached.

All other child restraints, manufactured
before September 1, 1999.
All other child restraints, manufactured
on or after September 1, 1999.

S6.1.2(a)(1)(ii) ..........
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(B) ......
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(B) ......
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(D) (beginning September
1, 2002).
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) ......

Head 720 mm; ..........
Knee 915 mm

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(C) (beginning September
1, 2002).

(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, neither knee pivot
point shall, at any time during the dynamic test, pass through a vertical
transverse plane that is 305 mm forward of the initial pre-test position of
the respective knee pivot point, measured along a horizontal line that passes
through the knee pivot point and is
parallel to the vertical longitudinal
plane that passes through the vehicle’s
longitudinal centerline.
S5.1.3.2 Rear-facing child restraint
systems. In the case of each rear-facing
child restraint system, all portions of
the test dummy’s torso shall be retained within the system and neither

..........
..........

of the target points on either side of
the dummy’s head and on the transverse axis passing through the center
of mass of the dummy’s head and perpendicular to the head’s midsagittal
plane, shall pass through the transverse orthogonal planes whose intersection contains the forward-most and
top-most points on the child restraint
system surfaces (illustrated in Figure
1C).
S5.1.3.3 Car beds. In the case of car
beds, all portions of the test dummy’s
head and torso shall be retained within
the confines of the car bed.
S5.1.4 Back support angle. When a
rear-facing child restraint system is

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§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

tested in accordance with S6.1, the
angle between the system’s back support surface for the child and the
vertical shall not exceed 70 degrees.
S5.2 Force distribution.
S5.2.1 Minimum head support surface—
child restraints other than car beds.
S5.2.1.1 Except as provided in S5.2.1.2,
each child restraint system other than
a car bed shall provide restraint
against rearward movement of the
head of the child (rearward in relation
to the child) by means of a continuous
seat back which is an integral part of
the system and which—
(a) Has a height, measured along the
system seat back surface for the child
in the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the longitudinal centerline
of the child restraint systems from the
lowest point on the system seating surface that is contacted by the buttocks
of the seated dummy, as follows:
TABLE TO S5.2.1.1(A)
Weight 1

Height 2(mm)

Not more than 18 kg ........................................
More than 18 kg ...............................................

500
560

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

1 When a child restraint system is recommended under S5.5
for use by children of the above weights.
2 The height of the portion of the system seat back providing head restraint shall not be less than the above.

(b) Has a width of not less than 8
inches, measured in the horizontal
plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this section. Except that a
child restraint system with side supports extending at least 4 inches forward from the padded surface of the
portion of the restraint system provided for support of the child’s head
may have a width of not less than 6
inches, measured in the horizontal
plane at the height specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Limits the rearward rotation of
the test dummy head so that the angle
between the head and torso of the
dummy specified in S7. when tested in
accordance with S6.1 is not more than
45 degrees greater than the angle between the head and torso after the
dummy has been placed in the system
in accordance with S6.1.2.3 and before
the system is tested in accordance with
S6.1.
S5.2.1.2 The applicability of the requirements of S5.2.1.1 to a front-facing
child restraint, and the conformance of

any child restraint other than a car
bed to those requirements, is determined using the largest of the test
dummies specified in S7 for use in testing that restraint, provided that the 6year-old dummy described in subpart I
or subpart N of part 572 of this title is
not used to determine the applicability
of or compliance with S5.2.1.1. A frontfacing child restraint system is not required to comply with S5.2.1.1 if the
target point on either side of the dummy’s head is below a horizontal plane
tangent to the top of—
(a) The standard seat assembly, in
the case of an add-on child restraint
system, when the dummy is positioned
in the system and the system is installed on the assembly in accordance
with S6.1.2.
(b) The vehicle seat, in the case of a
built-in child restraint system, when
the system is activated and the dummy
is positioned in the system in accordance with S6.1.2.
S5.2.2 Torso impact protection. Each
child restraint system other than a car
bed shall comply with the applicable
requirements of S5.2.2.1 and S5.2.2.2.
S5.2.2.1(a) The system surface provided for the support of the child’s
back shall be flat or concave and have
a continuous surface area of not less
than 85 square inches.
(b) Each system surface provided for
support of the side of the child’s torso
shall be flat or concave and have a continuous surface of not less than 24
square
inches
for
systems
recommended for children weighing 20
pounds or more, or 48 square inches for
systems recommended for children
weighing less than 20 pounds.
(c) Each horizontal cross section of
each system surface designed to restrain forward movement of the child’s
torso shall be flat or concave and each
vertical longitudinal cross section
shall be flat or convex with a radius of
curvature of the underlying structure
of not less than 2 inches.
S5.2.2.2 Each forward-facing child
restraint system shall have no fixed or
movable surface—
(a) Directly forward of the dummy
and intersected by a horizontal line—
(1) Parallel to the SORL, in the case
of the add-on child restraint system, or

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Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT
(2) Parallel to a vertical plane
through the longitudinal center line of
the vehicle seat, in the case of a builtin child restraint system, and,
(b) Passing through any portion of
the dummy, except for surfaces which
restrain the dummy when the system
is
tested
in
accordance
with
S6.1.2(a)(2), so that the child restraint
system shall conform to the requirements of S5.1.2 and S5.1.3.1.
S5.2.3 Head impact protection.
S5.2.3.1 Each child restraint system
other than a child harness, manufactured before August 1, 2005, that is recommended under S5.5.2 for a child
whose mass is less than 10 kg and that
is not tested with the Part 572 Subpart
R dummy, shall comply with S5.2.3.
S5.2.3.2 Each system surface, except
for protrusions that comply with
S5.2.4, which is contactable by the
dummy head when the system is tested
in accordance with S6.1 shall be covered with slow recovery, energy absorbing material with the following characteristics:
(a) A 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of not less than 0.5 and
not more than 10 pounds per square
inch when tested in accordance with
S6.3.
(b) A thickness of not less than 1⁄2
inch for materials having a 25 percent
compression-deflection resistance of
not less than 1.8 and not more than 10
pounds per square inch when tested in
accordance with S6.3. Materials having
a 25 percent compression-deflection resistance of less than 1.8 pounds per
square inch shall have a thickness of
not less than 3⁄4 inch.
S5.2.4 Protrusion limitation. Any portion of a rigid structural component
within or underlying a contactable surface, or any portion of a child restraint
system surface that is subject to the
requirements of S5.2.3 shall, with any

§ 571.213
padding or other flexible overlay material removed, have a height above any
immediately adjacent restraint system
surface of not more than 3⁄8 inch and no
exposed edge with a radius of less than
1⁄4 inch.
S5.3 Installation.
S5.3.1 Add-on child restraints shall
meet either (a) or (b), as appropriate.
(a) Except for components designed
to attach to a child restraint anchorage system, each add-on child restraint
system must not have any means designed for attaching the system to a
vehicle seat cushion or vehicle seat
back and any component (except belts)
that is designed to be inserted between
the vehicle seat cushion and vehicle
seat back.
(b) Harnesses manufactured for use
on school bus seats must meet S5.3.1(a)
of this standard, unless a label that
conforms in content to Figure 12 and to
the requirements of S5.3.1(b)(1) through
S5.3.1(b)(3) of this standard is permanently affixed to the part of the harness that attaches the system to a vehicle seat back. Harnesses that are not
labeled as required by this paragraph
must meet S5.3.1(a).
(1) The label must be plainly visible
when installed and easily readable.
(2) The message area must be white
with black text. The message area
must be no less than 20 square centimeters.
(3) The pictogram shall be gray and
black with a red circle and slash on a
white background. The pictogram shall
be no less than 20 mm in diameter.
S5.3.2 Each add-on child restraint
system shall be capable of meeting the
requirements of this standard when installed solely by each of the means indicated in the following table for the
particular type of child restraint system:

TABLE FOR S5.3.2
Means of installation

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

Type of add-on child restraint system

Harnesses labeled per S5.3.1(b)(1) through S5.3.1(b)(3)
and Figure 12 ....................................................................
Other harnesses ....................................................................

Type 1 seat
belt assembly

Type 1 seat
belt assembly plus a
tether anchorage, if
needed

Child restraint anchorage
system (effective September 1,
2002)

Type II seat
belt assembly

Seat
back
mount

....................
....................

....................
X

....................

....................

X

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§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)
TABLE FOR S5.3.2—Continued

yshivers on PROD1PC62 with CFR

Means of installation

Type of add-on child restraint system

Type 1 seat
belt assembly

Car beds ................................................................................
Rear-facing restraints ............................................................
Belt-positioning seats ............................................................
All other child restraints ........................................................

X
X
....................
X

S5.3.3 Car beds. Each car bed shall be
designed to be installed on a vehicle
seat so that the car bed’s longitudinal
axis is perpendicular to a vertical longitudinal plane through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
S5.4 Belts, belt buckles, and belt webbing.
S5.4.1 Performance requirements.
S5.4.1.1 Child restraint systems manufactured before September 1, 2007. The
webbing of belts provided with a child
restraint system and used to attach
the system to the vehicle or to restrain
the child within the system shall—
(a) After being subjected to abrasion
as specified in S5.1(d) or S5.3(c) of
FMVSS 209 (§ 571.209), have a breaking
strength of not less than 75 percent of
the strength of the unabraded webbing
when tested in accordance with S5.1(b)
of FMVSS 209. A mass of 2.35 ± .05 kg
shall be used in the test procedure in
S5.1(d) of FMVSS 209 for webbing, including webbing used to secure a child
restraint system to the tether and
lower anchorages of a child restraint
anchorage system, except that a mass
of 1.5 ±.05 kg shall be used for webbing
in pelvic and upper torso restraints of
a belt assembly used in a child restraint system. The mass is shown as
(B) in Figure 2 of FMVSS 209.
(b) Meet the requirements of S4.2 (e)
and (f) of FMVSS No. 209 (§ 571.209); and
(c) If contactable by the test dummy
torso when the system is tested in accordance with S6.1, have a width of not
less than 11⁄2 inches when measured in
accordance with S5.4.1.3.
S5.4.1.2 Child restraint systems manufactured on or after September 1, 2007.
The webbing of belts provided with a
child restraint system and used to attach the system to the vehicle or to re-

Type 1 seat
belt assembly plus a
tether anchorage, if
needed

Child restraint anchorage
system (effective September 1,
2002)

Type II seat
belt assembly

Seat
back
mount

....................
....................
X

X
....................
X

X

............

strain the child within the system
shall—
(a) Have a minimum breaking
strength for new webbing of not less
than 15,000 N in the case of webbing
used to secure a child restraint system
to the vehicle, including the tether and
lower anchorages of a child restraint
anchorage system, and not less than
11,000 N in the case of the webbing used
to secure a child to a child restraint
system when tested in accordance with
S5.1 of FMVSS No. 209. Each value
shall be not less than the 15,000 N and
11,000 N applicable breaking strength
requirements, but the median value
shall be used for determining the retention of breaking strength in paragraphs
(b)(1), (c)(1), and (c)(2) of this section
S5.4.1.2. ‘‘New webbing’’ means webbing that has not been exposed to abrasion, light or micro-organisms as specified elsewhere in this section.
(b)(1) After being subjected to abrasion as specified in S5.1(d) or S5.3(c) of
FMVSS 209 (§ 571.209), have a breaking
strength of not less than 75 percent of
the new webbing strength, when tested
in accordance with S5.1(b) of FMVSS
209.
(2) A mass of 2.35 ± .05 kg shall be
used in the test procedure in S5.1(d) of
FMVSS 209 for webbing, including webbing to secure a child restraint system
to the tether and lower anchorages of a
child restraint anchorage system, except that a mass of 1.5 ± .05 kg shall be
used for webbing in pelvic and upper
torso restraints of a belt assembly used
in a child restraint system. The mass is
shown as (B) in Figure 2 of FMVSS 209.
(c)(1) After exposure to the light of a
carbon arc and tested by the procedure
specified in S5.1(e) of FMVSS 209
(§ 571.209), have a breaking strength of

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not less than 60 percent of the new webbing, and shall have a color retention
not less than No. 2 on the Geometric
Gray Scale published by the American
Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists, Post Office Box 886, Durham,
NC.
(2) After being subjected to micro-organisms and tested by the procedures
specified in S5.1(f) of FMVSS 209
(§ 571.209), shall have a breaking
strength not less than 85 percent of the
new webbing.
(d) If contactable by the test dummy
torso when the system is tested in accordance with S6.1, have a width of not
less than 11⁄2 inches when measured in
accordance with S5.4.1.3.
S5.4.1.3 Width test procedure. Condition the webbing for 24 hours in an atmosphere of any relative humidity between 48 and 67 percent, and any ambient temperature between 70° and 77 °F.
Measure belt webbing width under a
tension of 5 pounds applied lengthwise.
S5.4.2 Belt buckles and belt adjustment hardware. Each belt buckle and
item of belt adjustment hardware used
in a child restraint system shall conform to the requirements of S4.3(a) and
S4.3(b) of FMVSS No. 209 (§ 571.209).
S5.4.3 Belt Restraint.
S5.4.3.1 General. Each belt that is
part of a child restraint system and
that is designed to restrain a child
using the system shall be adjustable to
snugly fit any child whose height and
weight are within the ranges recommended in accordance with S5.5.2(f)
and who is positioned in the system in
accordance with the instructions required by S5.6.
S5.4.3.2 Direct restraint. Except for a
child restraint system whose mass is
less than 4.4 kg, each belt that is part
of a child restraint system and that is
designed to restrain a child using the
system and to attach the system to the
vehicle, and each Type I and lap portion of a Type II vehicle belt that is
used to attach the system to the vehicle shall, when tested in accordance
with S6.1, impose no loads on the child
that result from the mass of the system, or
(a) In the case of an add-on child restraint system, from the mass of the
seat back of the standard seat assembly specified in S6.1, or

§ 571.213
(b) In the case of a built-in child restraint system, from the mass of any
part of the vehicle into which the child
restraint system is built.
S5.4.3.3 Seating systems. Except for
child restraint systems subject to
S5.4.3.4, each child restraint system
that is designed for use by a child in a
seated position and that has belts designed to restrain the child, shall, with
the test dummy specified in S7 positioned in the system in accordance
with S10 provide:
(a) Upper torso restraint in the form
of:
(i) Belts passing over each shoulder
of the child, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that
complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and
(b) Lower torso restraint in the form
of:
(i) A lap belt assembly making an
angle between 45° and 90° with the child
restraint seating surface at the lap belt
attachment points, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that
complies with S5.2.2.1(c), and
(c) In the case of each seating system
recommended
for
children
whose
masses are more than 10 kg, crotch restraint in the form of:
(i) A crotch belt connectable to the
lap belt or other device used to restrain
the lower torso, or
(ii) A fixed or movable surface that
complies with S5.2.2.1(c).
S5.4.3.4 Harnesses. Each child harness shall:
(a) Provide upper torso restraint, including belts passing over each shoulder of the child;
(b) Provide lower torso restraint by
means of lap and crotch belt; and
(c) Prevent a child of any height for
which the restraint is recommended for
use pursuant to S5.5.2(f) from standing
upright on the vehicle seat when the
child is placed in the device in accordance with the instructions required by
S5.6.
S5.4.3.5 Buckle release. Any buckle in
a child restraint system belt assembly
designed to restrain a child using the
system shall:
(a) When tested in accordance with
S6.2.1 prior to the dynamic test of S6.1,
not release when a force of less than 40
newtons (N) is applied and shall release

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

when a force of not more than 62 N is
applied;
(b) After the dynamic test of S6.1,
when tested in accordance with the appropriate sections of S6.2, release when
a force of not more than 71 N is applied, provided, however, that the conformance of any child restraint to this
requirement is determined using the
largest of the test dummies specified in
S7 for use in testing that restraint
when the restraint is facing forward,
rearward, and/or laterally;
(c)
Meet
the
requirements
of
S4.3(d)(2) of FMVSS No. 209 (§ 571.209),
except that the minimum surface area
for child restraint buckles designed for
push button application shall be 0.6
square inch;
(d) Meet the requirements of S4.3(g)
of FMVSS No. 209 (§ 571.209) when tested in accordance with S5.2(g) of
FMVSS No. 209; and
(e) Not release during the testing
specified in S6.1.
S5.5 Labeling. Any labels or written
instructions provided in addition to
those required by this section shall not
obscure or confuse the meaning of the
required information or be otherwise
misleading to the consumer. Any labels
or written instructions other than in
the English language shall be an accurate translation of English labels or
written instructions.
S5.5.1 Each add-on child restraint
system shall be permanently labeled
with the information specified in S5.5.2
(a) through (m).
S5.5.2 The information specified in
paragraphs (a) through (m) of this section shall be stated in the English language and lettered in letters and numbers that are not smaller than 10 point
type. Unless otherwise specified, the
information shall be labeled on a white
background with black text. Unless
written in all capitals, the information
shall be stated in sentence capitalization.
(a) The model name or number of the
system.
(b) The manufacturer’s name. A distributor’s name may be used instead if
the distributor assumes responsibility
for all duties and liabilities imposed on
the manufacturer with respect to the
system by the National Traffic and
Motor Vehicle Safety Act, as amended.

(c) The statement: ‘‘Manufactured in
ll,’’ inserting the month and year of
manufacture.
(d) The place of manufacture (city
and State, or foreign country). However, if the manufacturer uses the
name of the distributor, then it shall
state the location (city and State, or
foreign country) of the principal offices
of the distributor.
(e) The statement: ‘‘This child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.’’
(f) One of the following statements,
as appropriate, inserting the manufacturer’s recommendations for the maximum mass of children who can safely
occupy the system, except that booster
seats shall not be recommended for
children whose masses are less than
13.6 kg. For seats that can only be used
as belt-positioning seats, manufacturers must include the maximum and
minimum recommended height, but
may delete the reference to weight:
(1) Use only with children who weigh
ll pounds (ll kg) or less and whose
height is (insert values in English and
metric units; use of word ‘‘mass’’ in label
is optional) or less; or
(2) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds (insert appropriate English and metric values; use
of word ‘‘mass’’ is optional) and whose
height is (insert appropriate values in
English and metric units) or less and who
are capable of sitting upright alone; or
(3) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds (insert appropriate English and metric values; use
of word ‘‘mass’’ is optional) and whose
height is (insert appropriate values in
English and metric units) or less.
(4) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds (insert appropriate English and metric values; use
of word ‘‘mass’’ is optional) and whose
height is between ll and ll (insert
appropriate values in English and metric
units).
(g) The statements specified in paragraphs (1) and (2):
(1) A heading as specified in
S5.5.2(k)(3)(i), with the statement
‘‘WARNING! DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur,’’ capitalized as written and followed by bulleted statements in the following order:

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(i) As appropriate, the statements required by the following sections will be
bulleted and placed after the statement
required by 5.5.2(g)(1) in the following
order: 5.5.2(k)(1) or 5.5.2(k)(2), 5.5.2(f),
5.5.2(h), 5.5.2(j), and 5.5.2(i).
(ii) Secure this child restraint with
the vehicle’s child restraint anchorage
system if available or with a vehicle
belt. [For car beds, harnesses, and belt
positioning boosters, the first part of
the statement regarding attachment
by the child restraint anchorage system is optional.]
(iii) Follow all instructions on this
child restraint and in the written instructions located (insert storage location on the restraint for the manufacturer’s installation instruction booklet or
sheet).
(iv) Register your child restraint
with the manufacturer.
(2) At the manufacturer’s option, the
phrase ‘‘DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY
can occur’’ in the heading can be on either a white or yellow background.
(3) More than one label may be used
for the required bulleted statements.
Multiple labels shall be placed one
above the other unless that arrangement is precluded by insufficient space
or shape of the child restraint. In that
case, multiple labels shall be placed
side by side. When using multiple labels, the mandated warnings must be
in the correct order when read from top
to bottom. If the labels are side-byside, then the mandated warnings must
appear top to bottom of the leftmost
label, then top to bottom of the next
label to its right, and so on. There
shall be no intervening labels and the
required heading shall only appear on
the first label in the sequence.
(h) In the case of each child restraint
system that has belts designed to restrain children using them and which
do not adjust automatically to fit the
child: Snugly adjust the belts provided
with this child restraint around your
child.
(i)(1) For a booster seat that is recommended for use with either a vehicle’s Type I or Type II seat belt assembly, one of the following statements, as
appropriate:
(i) Use only the vehicle’s lap and
shoulder belt system when restraining
the child in this booster seat; or,

§ 571.213
(ii) Use only the vehicle’s lap belt
system, or the lap belt part of a lap/
shoulder belt system with the shoulder
belt placed behind the child, when restraining the child in this seat.
(2)(i) Except as provided in paragraph
(i)(2)(ii) of this section, for a booster
seat which is recommended for use
with both a vehicle’s Type I and Type
II seat belt assemblies, the following
statement: Use only the vehicle’s lap
belt system, or the lap belt part of a
lap/shoulder belt system with the
shoulder belt placed behind the child,
when restraining the child with the
(insert description of the system element
provided to restrain forward movement of
the child’s torso when used with a lap belt
(e.g., shield)), and only the vehicle’s lap
and shoulder belt system when using
the booster without the (insert above
description).
(ii) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a vehicle’s
Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies
is not subject to S5.5.2(i)(2)(i) if, when
the booster is used with the shield or
similar component, the booster will
cause the shoulder belt to be located in
a position other than in front of the
child when the booster is installed.
However, such a booster shall be labeled with a warning to use the booster
with the vehicle’s lap and shoulder belt
system when using the booster without
a shield.
(j) In the case of each child restraint
system equipped with a top anchorage
strap, the statement: Secure the top
anchorage strap provided with this
child restraint.
(k) (1) In the case of each rear-facing
child restraint system that is designed
for infants only, the statement: Use
only in a rear-facing position when
using it in the vehicle.
(2) In the case of a child restraint
system that is designed to be used rearward-facing for infants and forwardfacing for older children, the statement: Use only in a rear-facing position when using it with an infant
weighing less than (insert a recommended weight that is not less than 20
pounds).
(3) Except as provided in (k)(4) of this
section, each child restraint system
that can be used in a rear-facing position shall have a label that conforms in

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

content to Figure 10 and to the requirements
of
S5.5.2(k)(3)(i)
through
S5.5.2(k)(3)(iii) of this standard permanently affixed to the outer surface of
the cushion or padding in or adjacent
to the area where a child’s head would
rest, so that the label is plainly visible
and easily readable.
(i) The heading area shall be yellow
with the word ‘‘warning’’ and the alert
symbol in black.
(ii) The message area shall be white
with black text. The message area
shall be no less than 30 square cm.
(iii) The pictogram shall be black
with a red circle and slash on a white
background. The pictogram shall be no
less than 30 mm in diameter.
(4) If a child restraint system is
equipped with a device that deactivates
the passenger-side air bag in a vehicle
when and only when the child restraint
is installed in the vehicle and provides
a signal, for at least 60 seconds after
deactivation, that the air bag is deactivated, the label specified in Figure 10
may include the phrase ‘‘unless air bag
is off’’ after ‘‘on front seat with air
bag.’’
(l) An installation diagram showing
the child restraint system installed in:
(1) A seating position equipped with a
continuous-loop lap/shoulder belt;
(2) A seating position equipped with
only a lap belt, as specified in the manufacturer’s instructions; and
(3) A seating position equipped with a
child restraint anchorage system.
(m) One of the following statements,
inserting an address and a U.S. telephone number. If a manufacturer opts
to provide a Web site on the registration card as permitted in Figure 9a of
this section, the manufacturer must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled
for safety reasons. You must register
this restraint to be reached in a recall.
Send your name, address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words
are optional) and the restraint’s model
number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’

(ii) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You must
register this restraint to be reached in
a recall. Send your name, address, email address if available [preceding
four words are optional], and the restraint’s model number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call
(insert a U.S. telephone number) or register online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall information, call the U.S. Government’s
Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236
(TTY: 1–800–424–9153), or go to http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
(n) Child restraint systems, other
than belt-positioning seats, harnesses
and backless child restraint systems,
may be certified as complying with the
provisions of S8. Child restraints that
are so certified shall be labeled with
the statement ‘‘This Restraint is Certified for Use in Motor Vehicles and
Aircraft.’’ Belt-positioning seats, harnesses and backless child restraint systems shall be labeled with the statement ‘‘This Restraint is Not Certified
for Use in Aircraft.’’ The statement required by this paragraph shall be in red
lettering and shall be placed after the
certification statement required by
S5.5.2(e).
S5.5.3 The information specified in
S5.5.2(f) through (l) shall be located on
the add-on child restraint system so
that it is visible when the system is installed as specified in S5.6.1, except
that for child restraints with a detachable base, the installation diagrams
specified in S5.5.2(l) are required to be
visible only when the base alone is installed.
S5.5.4 (a) Each built-in child restraint system other than a factory-installed built-in restraint shall be permanently labeled with the information
specified in S5.5.5 (a) through (l). The
information
specified
in
S5.5.5(a)
through (j) and in S5.5.5(l) shall be visible when the system is activated for
use.
(b) Each factory-installed built-in
child restraint shall be permanently labeled with the information specified in
S5.5.5(f) through (j) and S5.5.5(l), so
that the information is visible when
the restraint is activated for use. The
information shall also be included in
the vehicle owner’s manual.

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S5.5.5 The information specified in
paragraphs (a) through (l) of this section that is required by S5.5.4 shall be
in English and lettered in letters and
numbers using a not smaller than 10
point type. Unless specified otherwise,
the information shall be labeled on a
white background with black text. Unless written in all capitals, the information shall be stated in sentence capitalization.
(a) The model name or number of the
system.
(b) The manufacturer’s name. A distributor’s or dealer’s name may be used
instead if the distributor or dealer assumes responsibility for all duties and
liabilities imposed on the manufacturer with respect to the system by the
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle
Safety Act, as amended.
(c) The statement: ‘‘Manufactured in
lll,’’ inserting the month and year
of manufacture.
(d) The place of manufacture (city
and State, or foreign country). However, if the manufacturer uses the
name of the distributor or dealer, then
it shall state the location (city and
State, or foreign country) of the principal offices of the distributor or dealer.
(e) The statement: ‘‘This child restraint system conforms to all applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standards.’’
(f) One of the following statements,
inserting the manufacturer’s recommendations for the maximum mass
of children who can safely occupy the
system, except that booster seats shall
not be recommended for children whose
masses are less than 13.6 kg. For seats
that can only be used as belt-positioning seats, manufacturers must include the maximum and minimum recommended height, but may delete the
reference to weight:
(1) Use only with children who weigh
ll pounds (ll kg) or less and whose
height is (insert values in English and
metric units; use of word ‘‘mass’’ in label
is optional) or less; or
(2) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds (ll and
ll kg) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in English and metric
units; use of word ‘‘mass’’ in label is op-

§ 571.213
tional) or less and who are capable of
sitting upright alone; or
(3) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds ( ll and
ll kg) and whose height is (insert appropriate values in English and metric
units; use of word ‘‘mass’’ in label is optional) or less.
(4) Use only with children who weigh
between ll and ll pounds (insert appropriate English and metric values; use
of word ‘‘mass’’ is optional) and whose
height is between ll and ll (insert
appropriate values in English and metric
units).
(g) The heading and statement specified in paragraph (1), and if appropriate, the statements in paragraph (2)
and (3). If used, the statements in paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be bulleted and
precede the bulleted statement required by paragraph (1) after the heading.
(1) A heading as specified in
S5.5.2(k)(3)(i), with the statement
‘‘WARNING! DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur,’’ capitalized as written and followed by the bulleted statement: Follow all instructions on the
child restraint and in the vehicle’s
owner’s manual. At the manufacturer’s
option, the phrase ‘‘DEATH or SERIOUS INJURY can occur’’ in the heading can be on either a white or yellow
background.
(2) In the case of each built-in child
restraint system which is not intended
for use in motor vehicles in certain adjustment positions or under certain
circumstances, an appropriate statement of the manufacturers restrictions
regarding those positions or circumstances.
(3) As appropriate, the statements required by the following sections will be
bulleted and placed after the statement
required by 5.5.5(g)(1) in the following
order: 5.5.5(g)(2), 5.5.5(f), S5.5.5(h) and
S5.5.5(i).
(h) In the case of each built-in child
restraint system that has belts designed to restrain children using them
and which do not adjust automatically
to fit the child: Snugly adjust the belts
provided with this child restraint
around your child.
(i) In the case of each built-in child
restraint which can be used in a rear-

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

facing position, the following statement: Place an infant in a rear-facing
position in this child restraint.
(j) A diagram or diagrams showing
the fully activated child restraint system in infant and/or child configurations.
(k) One of the following statements,
inserting an address and a U.S. telephone number. If a manufacturer opts
to provide a Web site on the registration card as permitted in Figure 9a of
this section, the manufacturer must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled
for safety reasons. You must register
this restraint to be reached in a recall.
Send your name, address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words
are optional), and the restraint’s model
number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
(ii) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You must
register this restraint to be reached in
a recall. Send your name, address, email address if available (preceding
four words are optional), and the restraint’s model number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call
(insert telephone number) or register online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
(l) In the case of a built-in belt-positioning seat that uses either the vehicle’s Type I or Type II belt systems or
both, a statement describing the manufacturer’s recommendations for the
maximum height and weight of children who can safely occupy the system
and how the booster should be used
(e.g., with or without shield) with the
different vehicle belt systems.
S5.6 Printed Instructions for Proper
Use. Any labels or written instructions
provided in addition to those required
by this section shall not obscure or
confuse the meaning of the required information or be otherwise misleading
to the consumer. Any labels or written

instructions other than in the English
language shall be an accurate translation of English labels or written instructions. Unless written in all capitals, the information required by
S5.6.1 through S5.6.3 shall be stated in
sentence capitalization.
S5.6.1 Add-on child restraint systems.
Each add-on child restraint system
shall be accompanied by printed installation instructions in English that provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for installing the system
in motor vehicles, securing the system
in the vehicles, positioning a child in
the system, and adjusting the system
to fit the child. For each child restraint system that has components for
attaching to a tether anchorage or a
child restraint anchorage system, the
installation instructions shall include
a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for properly attaching to that
anchorage or system.
S5.6.1.1 In a vehicle with rear designated seating positions, the instructions shall alert vehicle owners that,
according to accident statistics, children are safer when properly restrained
in the rear seating positions than in
the front seating positions.
S5.6.1.2 The instructions shall specify in general terms the types of vehicles, the types of seating positions, and
the types of vehicle safety belts with
which the add-on child restraint system can or cannot be used.
S5.6.1.3 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of not
following the warnings required to be
labeled on the child restraint system in
accordance with S5.5.2 (g) through (k).
S5.6.1.4 The instructions for each
car bed shall explain that the car bed
should position in such a way that the
child’s head is near the center of the
vehicle.
S5.6.1.5 The instructions shall state
that add-on child restraint systems
should be securely belted to the vehicle, even when they are not occupied,
since in a crash an unsecured child restraint system may injure other occupants.
S5.6.1.6 Each add-on child restraint
system shall have a location on the restraint for storing the manufacturer’s
instructions.

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S5.6.1.7 One of the following statements, inserting an address and a U.S.
telephone number. If a manufacturer
opts to provide a Web site on the registration card as permitted in Figure
9a of this section, the manufacturer
must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled
for safety reasons. You must register
this restraint to be reached in a recall.
Send your name, address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words
are optional), and the restraint’s model
number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
(ii) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You must
register this restraint to be reached in
a recall. Send your name, address, email address if available (preceding
four words are optional), and the restraint’s model number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call
(insert telephone number) or register online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
S5.6.1.8 In the case of each child restraint system that can be used in a
position so that it is facing the rear of
the vehicle, the instructions shall provide a warning against using rear-facing restraints at seating positions
equipped with air bags, and shall explain the reasons for, and consequences
of not following the warning. The instructions shall also include a statement that owners of vehicles with
front passenger side air bags should
refer to their vehicle owner’s manual
for child restraint installation instructions.
S5.6.1.9 In the case of each rear-facing child restraint system that has a
means for repositioning the seating
surface of the system that allows the
system’s occupant to move from a reclined position to an upright position
during testing, the instructions shall
include a warning against impeding the

§ 571.213
ability of the restraint to change adjustment position.
S5.6.1.10(a) For instructions for a
booster seat that is recommended for
use with either a vehicle’s Type I or
Type II seat belt assembly, one of the
following statements, as appropriate,
and the reasons for the statement:
(1) Warning! Use only the vehicle’s
lap and shoulder belt system when restraining the child in this booster seat;
or,
(2) Warning! Use only the vehicle’s
lap belt system, or the lap belt part of
a lap/shoulder belt system with the
shoulder belt placed behind the child,
when restraining the child in this seat.
(b)(1)
Except
as
provided
in
S5.6.1.10(b)(2), the instructions for a
booster seat that is recommended for
use with both a vehicle’s Type I and
Type II seat belt assemblies shall include the following statement and the
reasons therefor: Warning! Use only
the vehicle’s lap belt system, or the lap
belt part of a lap/shoulder belt system
with the shoulder belt placed behind
the child, when restraining the child
with the (insert description of the system
element provided to restrain forward
movement of the child’s torso when used
with a lap belt (e.g., shield)), and only
the vehicle’s lap and shoulder belt system when using this booster without
the (insert above description).
(2) A booster seat which is recommended for use with both a vehicle’s
Type I and Type II seat belt assemblies
is not subject to S5.6.1.10(b)(1) if, when
the booster is used with the shield or
similar component, the booster will
cause the shoulder belt to be located in
a position other than in front of the
child when the booster is installed.
However, the instructions for such a
booster shall include a warning to use
the booster with the vehicle’s lap and
shoulder belt system when using the
booster without a shield.
(c) The instructions for belt-positioning seats shall include the statement, ‘‘This restraint is not certified
for aircraft use,’’ and the reasons for
this statement.
S5.6.1.11 For harnesses that are
manufactured for use on school bus
seats, the instructions must include
the following statements:

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

‘‘WARNING! This restraint must
only be used on school bus seats. Entire seat directly behind must be unoccupied or have restrained occupants.’’
The labeling requirement refers to a
restrained occupant as: an occupant restrained by any user appropriate vehicle restraint or child restraint system
(e.g. lap belt, lap and shoulder belt,
booster, child seat, harness . . .).
S5.6.2 Built-in child restraint systems.
(a) Each built-in child restraint system
shall be accompanied by printed instructions in English that provide a
step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for activating the restraint system, positioning a child in the system,
adjusting the restraint and, if provided,
the restraint harness to fit the child.
The instructions for each built-in car
bed shall explain that the child should
be positioned in the bed in such a way
that the child’s head is near the center
of the vehicle.
(b) Each motor vehicle equipped with
a factory-installed built-in child restraint shall have the information
specified in paragraph (a) of this section included in its vehicle owner’s
manual.
S5.6.2.1 The instructions shall explain the primary consequences of not
following the manufacturer’s warnings
for proper use of the child restraint
system in accordance with S5.5.5 (f)
through (i).
S5.6.2.2 The instructions for each
built-in child restraint system other
than a factory-installed restraint, shall
include one of the following statements, inserting an address and a U.S.
telephone number. If a manufacturer
opts to provide a Web site on the registration card as permitted in Figure
9a of this section, the manufacturer
must include the statement in part (ii):
(i) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled
for safety reasons. You must register
this restraint to be reached in a recall.
Send your name, address, e-mail address if available (preceding four words
are optional), and the restraint’s model
number and manufacturing date to
(insert address) or call (insert a U.S. telephone number). For recall information,
call the U.S. Government’s Vehicle
Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236 (TTY:
1–800–424–9153),
or
go
to
http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’

(ii) ‘‘Child restraints could be recalled for safety reasons. You must
register this restraint to be reached in
a recall. Send your name, address, email address if available (preceding
four words are optional), and the restraint’s model number and manufacturing date to (insert address) or call
(insert U.S. telephone number) or register online at (insert Web site for electronic registration form). For recall information, call the U.S. Government’s
Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1–888–327–4236
(TTY: 1–800–424–9153), or go to http://
www.NHTSA.gov.’’
S5.6.2.3. Each built-in child restraint system other than a factory-installed built-in restraint, shall have a
location on the restraint for storing
the instructions.
S5.6.2.4 Each built-in child restraint
system, other than a system that has
been installed in a vehicle or a factoryinstalled built-in system that is designed for a specific vehicle model and
seating position, shall be accompanied
by instructions in English that provide
a step-by-step procedure for installing
the system in a motor vehicle. The instructions shall specify the types of vehicles and the seating positions into
which the restraint can or cannot be
installed. The instructions for each car
bed shall explain that the bed should be
installed so that the child’s head will
be near the center of the vehicle.
S5.6.2.5 In the case of a built-in beltpositioning seat that uses either the
vehicle’s Type I or Type II belt systems
or both, the instructions shall include
a statement describing the manufacturer’s recommendations for the maximum height and weight of children
who can safely occupy the system and
how the booster must be used with the
vehicle belt systems appropriate for
the booster seat. The instructions shall
explain the consequences of not following the directions. The instructions
shall specify that, if the booster seat is
recommended for use with only the lapbelt part of a Type II assembly, the
shoulder belt portion of the assembly
must be placed behind the child.
S5.6.3 Add-on and built-in child restraint systems. In the case of each child
restraint system that has belts designed to restrain children using them
and which do not adjust automatically

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to fit the child, the printed instructions shall include the following statement: A snug strap should not allow
any slack. It lies in a relatively
straight line without sagging. It does
not press on the child’s flesh or push
the child’s body into an unnatural position.
S5.7 Flammability. Each material used
in a child restraint system shall conform to the requirements of S4 of
FMVSS No. 302 (571.302). In the case of
a built-in child restraint system, the
requirements of S4 of FMVSS No. 302
shall be met in both the ‘‘in-use’’ and
‘‘stowed’’ positions.
S5.8 Information requirements—attached registration form and electronic
registration form.
S5.8.1 Attached registration form.
(a) Each child restraint system, except a factory-installed built-in restraint system, shall have a registration form attached to any surface of
the restraint that contacts the dummy
when the dummy is positioned in the
system in accordance with S6.1.2 of
Standard 213.
(b) Each attached form shall:
(1) Consist of a postcard that is attached at a perforation to an informational card;
(2) Conform in size, content and format to Figures 9a and 9b of this section; and
(3) Have a thickness of at least 0.007
inches and not more than 0.0095 inches.
(c) Each postcard shall provide the
model name or number and date of
manufacture (month, year) of the child
restraint system to which the form is
attached, shall contain space for the
purchaser to record his or her name,
mailing address, and at the manufacturer’s option, e-mail address, shall be
addressed to the manufacturer, and
shall be postage paid. No other information shall appear on the postcard,
except identifying information that
distinguishes a particular child restraint system from other systems of
that model name or number may be
preprinted in the shaded area of the
postcard, as shown in figure 9a.
(d) Manufacturers may voluntarily
provide a web address on the informational card enabling owners to register
child restraints online, provided that
the Web address is a direct link to the

§ 571.213
electronic registration form meeting
the requirements of S5.8.2 of this section.
S5.8.2 Electronic registration form.
(a) Each electronic registration form
must meet the requirements of this
S5.8.2. Each form shall:
(1) Contain the following statements
at the top of the form:
(i) ‘‘FOR YOUR CHILD’S CONTINUED SAFETY’’ (Displayed in bold type
face, caps, and minimum 12 point type.)
(ii) ‘‘Although child restraint systems undergo testing and evaluation, it
is possible that a child restraint could
be recalled.’’ (Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower case, and minimum 12 point type.)
(iii) ‘‘In case of a recall, we can reach
you only if we have your name and address, so please fill in the registration
form to be on our recall list.’’ (Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower
case, and minimum 12 point type.)
(iv) ‘‘In order to properly register
your child restraint system, you will
need to provide the model number, serial number and date of manufacture.
This information is printed on the registration card and can also be found on
a white label located on the back of the
child restraint system.’’ (Displayed in
bold typeface, caps and lower case, and
minimum 12 point type.)
(v) ‘‘This registration is only applicable to child restraint systems purchased in the United States.’’ (Displayed in bold typeface, caps and lower
case, and minimum 12 point type.)
(2) Provide as required registration
fields, space for the purchaser to record
the model name or number and date of
manufacture (month, year) of the child
restraint system, and space for the purchaser to record his or her name and
mailing address. At the manufacturer’s
option, a space is provided for the purchaser to record his or her e-mail address.
(b) No other information shall appear
on the electronic registration form, except for information identifying the
manufacturer or a link to the manufacturer’s home page, a field to confirm
submission, and a prompt to indicate
any incomplete or invalid fields prior
to submission. Accessing the web page
that contains the electronic registration form shall not cause additional

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

screens or electronic banners to appear.
(c) The electronic registration form
shall be accessed directly by the web
address that the manufacturer printed
on the attached registration form. The
form must appear on screen when the
consumer has inputted the web address
provided by the manufacturer, without
any further keystrokes on the keyboard or clicks of the mouse.
S5.9 Attachment to child restraint anchorage system.
(a) Each add-on child restraint anchorage system manufactured on or
after September 1, 2002, other than a
car bed, harness and belt-positioning
seat, shall have components permanently attached to the system that enable the restraint to be securely fastened to the lower anchorages of the
child restraint anchorage system specified in Standard No. 225 (§ 571.213) and
depicted in Drawing Package SAS–100–
1000 with Addendum A: Seat Base
Weldment (consisting of drawings and
a bill of materials), dated October 23,
1998, or in Drawing Package, ‘‘NHTSA
Standard Seat Assembly; FMVSS No.
213, No. NHTSA–213–2003,’’ (consisting
of drawings and a bill of materials)
dated June 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference; see § 571.5). The components
must be attached by use of a tool, such
as a screwdriver. In the case of rearfacing child restraints with detachable
bases, only the base is required to have
the components.
(b) In the case of each child restraint
system that is manufactured on or
after September 1, 1999 and that has
components for attaching the system
to a tether anchorage, those components shall include a tether hook that
conforms to the configuration and geometry specified in Figure 11 of this
standard.
(c) In the case of each child restraint
system that is manufactured on or
after September 1, 1999 and that has
components, including belt webbing,
for attaching the system to a tether
anchorage or to a child restraint anchorage system, the belt webbing shall
be adjustable so that the child restraint can be tightly attached to the
vehicle.
(d) Beginning September 1, 1999, each
child restraint system with compo-

nents that enable the restraint to be
securely fastened to the lower anchorages of a child restraint anchorage system, other than a system with hooks
for attaching to the lower anchorages,
shall provide either an indication when
each attachment to the lower anchorages becomes fully latched or attached,
or a visual indication that all attachments to the lower anchorages are
fully latched or attached. Visual indications shall be detectable under normal daylight lighting conditions.
S6. Test conditions and procedures.
S6.1 Dynamic systems test for child restraint systems.
The test conditions described in
S6.1.1 apply to the dynamic systems
test. The test procedure for the dynamic systems test is specified in
S6.1.2. The test dummy specified in S7
is placed in the test specimen (child restraint), clothed as described in S9 and
positioned according to S10.
S6.1.1 Test conditions.
(a) Test devices.
(1) Add-on child restraints.
(i) The test device for add-on restraint systems manufactured before
August 1, 2005 is a standard seat assembly consisting of a simulated vehicle
bench seat, with three seating positions, which is described in Drawing
Package SAS–100–1000 with Addendum
A: Seat Base Weldment (consisting of
drawings and a bill of materials), dated
October 23, 1998 (incorporated by reference in § 571.5). The assembly is
mounted on a dynamic test platform so
that the center SORL of the seat is
parallel to the direction of the test
platform travel and so that movement
between the base of the assembly and
the platform is prevented.
(ii) The test device for add-on restraint systems manufactured on or
after August 1, 2005 is a standard seat
assembly consisting of a simulated vehicle bench seat, with three seating positions, which is depicted in Drawing
Package, ‘‘NHTSA Standard Seat Assembly; FMVSS No. 213, No. NHTSA–
213–2003,’’ (consisting of drawings and a
bill of materials) dated June 3, 2003 (incorporated by reference; see § 571.5).
The assembly is mounted on a dynamic
test platform so that the center SORL
of the seat is parallel to the direction
of the test platform travel and so that

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movement between the base of the assembly and the platform is prevented.
(2) The test device for built-in child
restraint systems is either the specific
vehicle shell or the specific vehicle.
(i) Specific vehicle shell.
(A) The specific vehicle shell, if selected for testing, is mounted on a dynamic test platform so that the longitudinal center line of the shell is parallel to the direction of the test platform travel and so that movement between the base of the shell and the
platform is prevented. Adjustable seats
are in the adjustment position midway
between the forwardmost and rearmost
positions, and if separately adjustable
in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If an adjustment position
does not exist midway between the
forwardmost and rearmost position,
the closest adjustment position to the
rear of the midpoint is used. Adjustable
seat backs are in the manufacturer’s
nominal design riding position. If such
a position is not specified, the seat
back is positioned so that the longitudinal center line of the child test dummy’s neck is vertical, and if an instrumented test dummy is used, the accelerometer surfaces in the dummy’s head
and thorax, as positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle seat
is equipped with adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its highest
adjustment position.
(B) The platform is instrumented
with an accelerometer and data processing system having a frequency response of 60 Hz channel class as specified in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J211
JUN80 ‘‘Instrumentation for Impact
Tests.’’ The accelerometer sensitive
axis is parallel to the direction of test
platform travel.
(ii) Specific vehicle. For built-in child
restraint systems, an alternate test device is the specific vehicle into which
the built-in system is fabricated. The
following test conditions apply to this
alternate test device.
(A) The vehicle is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its rated
cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured in the luggage area, plus the appropriate child test dummy and, at the
vehicle manufacturer’s option, an
anthropomorphic test dummy which

§ 571.213
conforms to the requirements of subpart B or subpart E of part 572 of this
title for a 50th percentile adult male
dummy placed in the front outboard
seating position. If the built-in child
restraint system is installed at one of
the seating positions otherwise requiring the placement of a part 572 test
dummy, then in the frontal barrier
crash specified in (c), the appropriate
child test dummy shall be substituted
for the part 572 adult dummy, but only
at that seating position. The fuel tank
is filled to any level from 90 to 95 percent of capacity.
(B) Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway between the
forward-most and rearmost positions,
and if separately adjustable in a vehicle direction, are at the lowest position. If an adjustment position does
not exist midway between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, the closest adjustment position to the rear of
the midpoint is used.
(C) Adjustable seat backs are in the
manufacturer’s nominal design riding
position. If a nominal position is not
specified, the seat back is positioned so
that the longitudinal center line of the
child test dummy’s neck is vertical,
and if an anthropomorphic test dummy
is used, the accelerometer surfaces in
the test dummy’s head and thorax, as
positioned in the vehicle, are horizontal. If the vehicle is equipped with
adjustable head restraints, each is adjusted to its highest adjustment position.
(D) Movable vehicle windows and
vents are, at the manufacturer’s option, placed in the fully closed position.
(E) Convertibles and open-body type
vehicles have the top, if any, in place
in the closed passenger compartment
configuration.
(F) Doors are fully closed and latched
but not locked.
(G) All instrumentation and data reduction is in conformance with SAE
J211 JUN80.
(b) The tests are frontal barrier impact simulations of the test platform
or frontal barrier crashes of the specific vehicles as specified in S5.1 of
§ 571.208 and for:

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(1) Test Configuration I, are at a velocity change of 48 km/h with the acceleration of the test platform entirely
within the curve shown in Figure 2 (for
child restraints manufactured before
August 1, 2005) or in Figure 2A (for
child restraints manufactured on or
after August 1, 2005), or for the specific
vehicle test with the deceleration produced in a 48 km/h frontal barrier
crash.
(2) Test Configuration II, are set at a
velocity change of 32 km/h with the acceleration of the test platform entirely
within the curve shown in Figure 3, or
for the specific vehicle test, with the
deceleration produced in a 32 km/h
frontal barrier crash.
(c) As illustrated in Figures 1A and
1B of this standard, attached to the
seat belt anchorage points provided on
the standard seat assembly are Type 1
seat belt assemblies in the case of addon child restraint systems other than
belt-positioning seats, or Type 2 seat
belt assemblies in the case of belt-positioning seats. These seat belt assemblies meet the requirements of Standard No. 209 (§ 571.209) and have webbing
with a width of not more than 2 inches,
and are attached to the anchorage
points without the use of retractors or
reels of any kind. As illustrated in Figures 1A’’ and 1B’’ of this standard, attached to the standard seat assembly is
a child restraint anchorage system
conforming to the specifications of
Standard No. 225 (§ 571.225), in the case
of add-on child restraint systems other
than belt-positioning booster seats.
(d)(1) When using the test dummies
specified in 49 CFR Part 572, subparts
C, I, J, or K, performance tests under
S6.1 are conducted at any ambient temperature from 19° C to 26° C and at any
relative humidity from 10 percent to 70
percent.
(2) When using the test dummies
specified in 49 CFR Part 572, subparts
N, P or R, performance tests under S6.1
are conducted at any ambient temperature from 20.6° C to 22.2° C and at any
relative humidity from 10 percent to 70
percent.
(e) In the case of add-on child restraint systems, the restraint shall
meet the requirements of S5 at each of
its seat back angle adjustment positions and restraint belt routing posi-

tions, when the restraint is oriented in
the direction recommended by the
manufacturer (e.g., forward, rearward
or laterally) pursuant to S5.6, and tested with the test dummy specified in S7.
S6.1.2 Dynamic test procedure.
(a) Activate the built-in child restraint or attach the add-on child restraint to the seat assembly as described below:
(1) Test configuration I.
(i) Child restraints other than belt-positioning seats. Attach the child restraint
in any of the following manners specified in S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A) through (D),
unless otherwise specified in this
standard.
(A) Install the child restraint system
at the center seating position of the
standard seat assembly, in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions
provided with the system pursuant to
S5.6.1, except that the standard lap belt
is used and, if provided, a tether strap
may be used. For harnesses that bear
the label shown in Figure 12 and that
meet S5.3.1(b)(1) through S5.3.1(b)(3),
attach the harness in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the system pursuant to
S5.6.1, i.e., the seat back mount is used.
(B) Except for a child harness, a
backless child restraint system with a
tether strap, and a restraint designed
for use by physically handicapped children, install the child restraint system
at the center seating position of the
standard
seat
assembly
as
in
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(A), except that no tether
strap (or any other supplemental device) is used.
(C) Install the child restraint system
using the child restraint anchorage
system at the center seating position
of the standard seat assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the system
pursuant to S5.6.1. The tether strap, if
one is provided, is attached to the tether anchorage.
(D) Install the child restraint system
using only the lower anchorages of the
child restraint anchorage system as in
S6.1.2(a)(1)(i)(C). No tether strap (or
any other supplemental device) is used.
(ii) Belt-positioning seats. A belt-positioning seat is attached to either outboard seating position of the standard
seat assembly in accordance with the

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manufacturer’s instructions provided
with the system pursuant to S5.6.1
using only the standard vehicle lap and
shoulder belt and no tether (or any
other supplemental device).
(iii) In the case of each built-in child
restraint system, activate the restraint
in the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions provided
in accordance with S5.6.2.
(2) Test configuration II. (i) In the case
of each add-on child restraint system
which is equipped with a fixed or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2, or a
backless child restraint system with a
top anchorage strap, install the add-on
child restraint system at the center
seating position of the standard seat
assembly using only the standard seat
lap belt to secure the system to the
standard seat.
(ii) In the case of each built-in child
restraint system which is equipped
with a fixed or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2, or a built-in booster
seat with a top anchorage strap, activate the system in the specific vehicle
shell or the specific vehicle in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions provided in accordance with
S5.6.2.
(b) Select any dummy specified in S7
for testing systems for use by children
of the heights and weights for which
the system is recommended in accordance with S5.5. The dummy is assembled, clothed and prepared as specified
in S7 and S9 and Part 572 of this chapter, as appropriate.
(c) Place the dummy in the child restraint. Position it, and attach the
child restraint belts, if appropriate, as
specified in S10.
(d) Belt adjustment.
(1) Add-on systems other than belt-positioning seats.
(i) If appropriate, shoulder and pelvic
belts that directly restrain the dummy
shall be adjusted as follows: Tighten
the belts until a 9 N force applied (as illustrated in figure 5) to the webbing at
the top of each dummy shoulder and to
the pelvic webbing 50 mm on either
side of the torso midsagittal plane
pulls the webbing 7 mm from the
dummy.
(ii) All Type I belt systems used to
attach an add-on child restraint sys-

§ 571.213
tem to the standard seat assembly, and
any provided additional anchorage belt
(tether), are tightened to a tension of
not less than 53.5 N and not more than
67 N, as measured by a load cell used on
the webbing portion of the belt. All
belt systems used to attach a harness
that bears the label shown in Figure 12
and that meets S5.3.1(b)(i) through
S5.3.1(b)(iii) are also tightened to a
tension of not less than 53.5 N and not
more than 67 N, by measurement
means specified in this paragraph.
(iii) When attaching a child restraint
system to the tether anchorage and the
child restraint anchorage system on
the standard seat assembly, tighten all
belt systems used to attach the restraint to the standard seat assembly
to a tension of not less than 53.5 N and
not more than 67 N, as measured by a
load cell or other suitable means used
on the webbing portion of the belt.
(2) Add-on belt-positioning seats.
(i) The lap portion of Type II belt
systems used to attach the child restraint to the standard seat assembly
is tightened to a tension of not less
than 53.5 N and not more than 67 N, as
measured by a load cell used on the
webbing portion of the belt.
(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II
belt systems used to restrain the
dummy is tightened to a tension of not
less than 9 N and not more than 18 N,
as measured by a load cell used on the
webbing portion of the belt.
(3) Built-in child restraint systems.
(i) The lap portion of Type II belt
systems used to secure a dummy to the
built-in child restraint system is tightened to a tension of not less than 53.5
N and not more than 67 N, as measured
by a load cell used on the webbing portion of the belt.
(ii) The shoulder portion of Type II
belt systems used to secure a child is
tightened to a tension of not less than
9 N and not more than 18 N, as measured by a load cell used on the webbing
portion of the belt.
(iii) If provided, and if appropriate to
attach the child restraint belts under
S10, shoulder (other than the shoulder
portion of a Type II vehicle belt system) and pelvic belts that directly restrain the dummy shall be adjusted as
follows: Tighten the belts until a 9 N
force applied (as illustrated in figure 5)

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§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

to the webbing at the top of each
dummy shoulder and to the pelvic webbing 50 mm on either side of the torso
midsagittal plane pulls the webbing 7
mm from the dummy.
(e) Accelerate the test platform to
simulate frontal impact in accordance
with Test Configuration I or II, as appropriate.
(f) Determine conformance with the
requirements in S5.1.
S6.2 Buckle release test procedure.
The belt assembly buckles used in
any child restraint system shall be
tested in accordance with S6.2.1
through S6.2.4 inclusive.
S6.2.1 Before conducting the testing
specified in S6.1, place the loaded buckle on a hard, flat, horizontal surface.
Each belt end of the buckle shall be
pre-loaded in the following manner.
The anchor end of the buckle shall be
loaded with a 9 N force in the direction
away from the buckle. In the case of
buckles designed to secure a single
latch plate, the belt latch plate end of
the buckle shall be pre-loaded with a 9
N force in the direction away from the
buckle. In the case of buckles designed
to secure two or more latch plates, the
belt latch plate ends of the buckle shall
be loaded equally so that the total load
is 9 N, in the direction away from the
buckle. For pushbutton-release buckles, the release force shall be applied
by a conical surface (cone angle not exceeding 90 degrees). For pushbutton-release mechanisms with a fixed edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ‘‘hinged button’’), the release force shall be applied
at the centerline of the button, 3 mm
away from the movable edge directly
opposite the fixed edge, and in the direction that produces maximum releasing effect. For pushbutton-release
mechanisms with no fixed edge (referred to in Figure 7 as ‘‘floating button’’), the release force shall be applied
at the center of the release mechanism
in the direction that produces the maximum releasing effect. For all other
buckle release mechanisms, the force
shall be applied on the centerline of
the buckle lever or finger tab in the direction that produces the maximum releasing effect. Measure the force required to release the buckle. Figure 7
illustrates the loading for the different
buckles and the point where the release

force should be applied, and Figure 8 illustrates the conical surface used to
apply the release force to pushbuttonrelease buckles.
S6.2.2 After completion of the testing specified in S6.1 and before the
buckle is unlatched, tie a self-adjusting
sling to each wrist and ankle of the
test dummy in the manner illustrated
in Figure 4, without disturbing the
belted dummy and the child restraint
system.
S6.2.3 Pull the sling tied to the
dummy restrained in the child restraint system and apply the following
force: 50 N for a system tested with a
newborn dummy; 90 N for a system
tested with a 9-month-old dummy; 90 N
for a system tested with a 12-month-old
dummy; 200 N for a system tested with
a 3-year-old dummy; or 270 N for a system tested with a 6-year-old dummy; or
350 N for a system tested with a
weighted 6-year-old dummy. The force
is applied in the manner illustrated in
Figure 4 and as follows:
(a) Add-on Child Restraints. For an
add-on child restraint other than a car
bed, apply the specified force by pulling the sling horizontally and parallel
to the SORL of the standard seat assembly. For a car bed, apply the force
by pulling the sling vertically.
(b) Built-in Child Restraints. For a
built-in child restraint other than a car
bed, apply the force by pulling the
sling parallel to the longitudinal center line of the specific vehicle shell or
the specific vehicle. In the case of a car
bed, apply the force by pulling the
sling vertically.
S6.2.4 While applying the force specified in S6.2.3, and using the device
shown in Figure 8 for pushbutton-release buckles, apply the release force
in the manner and location specified in
S6.2.1, for that type of buckle. Measure
the force required to release the buckle.
S6.3 Head impact protection—energy
absorbing material test procedure.
S6.3.1 Prepare and test specimens of
the energy absorbing material used to
comply with S5.2.3 in accordance with
the applicable 25 percent compressiondeflection test described in the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) Standard D1056–73, ‘‘Standard

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Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded Rubber,’’
or D1564–71 ‘‘Standard Method of Testing Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab
Urethane Foam’’ or D1565–76 ‘‘Standard
Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—Vinyl Chloride Polymer and
Copolymer open-cell foams.’’
S7 Test dummies. (Subparts referenced in this section are of part 572
of this chapter.) S7.1 Dummy selection.
Select any dummy specified in S7.1.1,
S7.1.2 or S7.1.3, as appropriate, for testing systems for use by children of the
height and mass for which the system
is recommended in accordance with
S5.5. A child restraint that meets the
criteria in two or more of the following
paragraphs in S7 may be tested with
any of the test dummies specified in
those paragraphs.
S7.1.1 Child restraints that are manufactured before August 1, 2005, are
subject to the following provisions:
(a) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass of
not greater than 5 kg, or by children in
a specified height range that includes
any children whose height is not greater than 650 mm, is tested with a newborn test dummy conforming to part
572 subpart K.
(b) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 5 but not greater than 10
kg, or by children in a specified height
range that includes any children whose
height is greater than 650 mm but not
greater than 850 mm, is tested with a
newborn test dummy conforming to
part 572 subpart K, and a 9-month-old
test dummy conforming to part 572
subpart J.
(c) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 10 kg but not greater than
18 kg, or by children in a specified
height range that includes any children
whose height is greater than 850 mm
but not greater than 1100 mm, is tested

§ 571.213
with a 9-month-old test dummy conforming to part 572 subpart J, and a 3year-old test dummy conforming to
part 572 subpart C and S7.2, provided,
however, that the 9-month-old dummy
is not used to test a booster seat.
(d) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 18 kg, or by children in a
specified height range that includes
any children whose height is greater
than 1100 mm, is tested with a 6-yearold child dummy conforming to part
572 subpart I.
S7.1.2 Child restraints that are manufactured on or after August 1, 2005, are
subject to the following provisions and
S7.1.3.
(a) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass of
not greater than 5 kg, or by children in
a specified height range that includes
any children whose height is not greater than 650 mm, is tested with a newborn test dummy conforming to part
572 subpart K.
(b) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 5 but not greater than 10
kg, or by children in a specified height
range that includes any children whose
height is greater than 650 mm but not
greater than 850 mm, is tested with a
newborn test dummy conforming to
part 572 subpart K, and a 12-month-old
test dummy conforming to part 572
subpart R.
(c) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 10 kg but not greater than
18 kg, or by children in a specified
height range that includes any children
whose height is greater than 850 mm
but not greater than 1100 mm, is tested
with a 12-month-old test dummy conforming to part 572 subpart R, and a 3year-old test dummy conforming to

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

part 572 subpart P and S7.2, provided,
however, that the 12-month-old dummy
is not used to test a booster seat.
(d) A child restraint that is recommended by its manufacturer in accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 18 kg, or by children in a
specified height range that includes
any children whose height is greater
than 1100 mm, is tested with a 6-yearold child dummy conforming to part
572 subpart N.
(e) A child restraint that is manufactured on or after August 1, 2005, that is
recommended by its manufacturer in
accordance with S5.5 for use either by
children in a specified mass range that
includes any children having a mass
greater than 22.7 kg or by children in a
specified height range that includes
any children whose erect standing
height is greater than 1100 mm is tested with a part 572 subpart S dummy.
S7.1.3 Voluntary use of alternative
dummies. At the manufacturer’s option
(with said option irrevocably selected
prior to, or at the time of, certification
of the restraint), with regard to testing
a child restraint manufactured before
August 1, 2010, when this section specifies use of the 49 CFR part 572, subpart
N (Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy) test
dummy, the test dummy specified in 49
CFR part 572, subpart I (Hybrid II 6year-old dummy) may be used in place
of the subpart N test dummy.
S8 Requirements, test conditions, and
procedures for child restraint systems
manufactured for use in aircraft. Each
child restraint system manufactured
for use in both motor vehicles and aircraft must comply with all of the applicable requirements specified in Section
S5 and with the additional requirements specified in S8.1 and S8.2.
S8.1 Installation instructions. Each
child restraint system manufactured
for use in aircraft shall be accompanied
by printed instructions in English that
provide a step-by-step procedure, including diagrams, for installing the
system in aircraft passenger seats, securing a child in the system when it is
installed in aircraft, and adjusting the
system to fit the child.
S8.2 Inversion test. When tested in
accordance with S8.2.1 through S8.2.5,

each child restraint system manufactured for use in aircraft shall meet the
requirements of S8.2.1 through S8.2.6.
The manufacturer may, at its option,
use any seat which is a representative
aircraft passenger seat within the
meaning of S4. Each system shall meet
the requirements at each of the restraint’s seat back angle adjustment
positions and restraint belt routing positions, when the restraint is oriented
in the direction recommended by the
manufacturer (e.g., facing forward,
rearward or laterally) pursuant to S8.1,
and tested with the test dummy specified in S7. If the manufacturer recommendations do not include instructions for orienting the restraint in aircraft when the restraint seat back
angle is adjusted to any position, position the restraint on the aircraft seat
by following the instructions (provided
in accordance with S5.6) for orienting
the restraint in motor vehicles.
S8.2.1 A standard seat assembly consisting of a representative aircraft passenger seat shall be positioned and adjusted so that its horizontal and
vertical orientation and its seat back
angle are the same as shown in Figure
6.
S8.2.2 The child restraint system
shall be attached to the representative
aircraft passenger seat using, at the
manufacturer’s option, any Federal
Aviation Administration approved aircraft safety belt, according to the restraint manufacturer’s instructions for
attaching the restraint to an aircraft
seat. No supplementary anchorage
belts or tether straps may be attached;
however, Federal Aviation Administration approved safety belt extensions
may be used.
S8.2.3 In accordance with S10, place
in the child restraint any dummy specified in S7 for testing systems for use
by children of the heights and weights
for which the system is recommended
in accordance with S5.5 and S8.1.
S8.2.4 If provided, shoulder and pelvic belts that directly restrain the
dummy shall be adjusted in accordance
with S6.1.2.
S8.2.5 The combination of representative aircraft passenger seat, child restraint, and test dummy shall be rotated forward around a horizontal axis
which is contained in the median

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transverse vertical plane of the seating
surface portion of the aircraft seat and
is located 25 mm below the bottom of
the seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees per second, to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped
when it reaches that angle and the seat
shall be held in this position for three
seconds. The child restraint shall not
fall out of the aircraft safety belt nor
shall the test dummy fall out of the
child restraint at any time during the
rotation or the three second period.
The specified rate of rotation shall be
attained in not less than one half second and not more than one second, and
the rotating combination shall be
brought to a stop in not less than one
half second and not more than one second.
S8.2.6 Repeat the procedures set
forth in S8.2.1 through S8.2.4. The combination of the representative aircraft
passenger seat, child restraint, and test
dummy shall be rotated sideways
around a horizontal axis which is contained in the median longitudinal
vertical plane of the seating surface
portion of the aircraft seat and is located 25 mm below the bottom of the
seat frame, at a speed of 35 to 45 degrees per second, to an angle of 180 degrees. The rotation shall be stopped
when it reaches that angle and the seat
shall be held in this position for three
seconds. The child restraint shall not
fall out of the aircraft safety belt nor
shall the test dummy fall out of the
child restraint at any time during the
rotation or the three second period.
The specified rate of rotation shall be
attained in not less than one half second and not more than one second, and
the rotating combination shall be
brought to a stop in not less than one
half second and not more than one second.
S9 Dummy clothing and preparation.
S9.1 Type of clothing.
(a) Newborn dummy. When used in
testing under this standard, the
dummy is unclothed.
(b) Nine-month-old dummy. When used
in testing under this standard, the
dummy is clothed in terry cloth polyester and cotton size 1 long sleeve shirt
and size 1 long pants, with a total mass
of 0.136 kg.

§ 571.213
(c) 12-month-old dummy (49 CFR Part
572, Subpart R). When used in testing
under this standard, the dummy specified in 49 CFR part 572, subparts R, is
clothed in a cotton-polyester based
tight fitting sweat shirt with long
sleeves and ankle long pants whose
combined weight is not more than 0.25
kg.
(d) Hybrid II three-year-old and Hybrid
II six-year-old dummies (49 CFR part 572,
subparts C and I). When used in testing
under this standard, the dummies specified in 49 CFR part 572, subparts C and
I, are clothed in thermal knit, waffleweave polyester and cotton underwear
or equivalent, a size 4 long-sleeved
shirt (3-year-old dummy) or a size 5
long-sleeved shirt (6-year-old dummy)
having a mass of 0.090 kg, a size 4 pair
of long pants having a mass of 0.090 kg,
and cut off just far enough above the
knee to allow the knee target to be
visible, and size 7M sneakers (3-yearold dummy) or size 121⁄2M sneakers (6year-old dummy) with rubber toe caps,
uppers of dacron and cotton or nylon
and a total mass of 0.453 kg.
(e) Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy (49
CFR Part 572, Subpart P). When used in
testing under this standard, the
dummy specified in 49 CFR Part 572,
Subpart P, is clothed as specified in
that subpart, except that the shoes are
children’s size 8 canvas oxford style
sneakers weighing not more than 0.26
kg each.
(f) Hybrid III 6-year-old dummy (49
CFR Part 572, Subpart N) and Hybrid III
6-year-old weighted dummy (49 CFR Part
572, Subpart S). When used in testing
under this standard, the dummies specified in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart N and
Subpart S, are clothed as specified in
those subparts, except that the shoes
are children’s size 13 M canvas oxford
style sneakers weighing not more than
0.43 kg each.
S9.2 Preparing
clothing.
Clothing
other than the shoes is machinedwashed in 71 °C to 82 °C and machinedried at 49 °C to 60 °C for 30 minutes.
S9.3 Preparing dummies. (Subparts
referenced in this section are of Part
572 of this chapter.)
S9.3.1 When using the test dummies
conforming to Part 572 Subpart C, I, J,
or K, prepare the dummies as specified
in this paragraph. Before being used in

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§ 571.213

49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)

testing under this standard, dummies
must be conditioned at any ambient
temperature from 19 °C to 25.5 °C and at
any relative humidity from 10 percent
to 70 percent, for at least 4 hours.
S9.3.2 When using the test dummies
conforming to Part 572 Subparts N, P,
R, or S, prepare the dummies as specified in this paragraph. Before being
used in testing under this standard,
dummies must be conditioned at any
ambient temperature from 20.6° to 22.2
°C and at any relative humidity from 10
percent to 70 percent, for at least 4
hours.
S10 Positioning the dummy and attaching the system belts.
S10.1 Car beds. Place the test
dummy in the car bed in the supine position with its midsagittal plane perpendicular to the center SORL of the
standard seat assembly, in the case of
an add-on car bed, or perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in
the case of a built-in car bed. Position
the dummy within the car bed in accordance with the instructions for
child positioning that the bed manufacturer provided with the bed in accordance with S5.6.
S10.2 Restraints other than car beds.
S10.2.1 Newborn dummy and ninemonth-old dummy. Position the test
dummy according to the instructions
for child positioning that the manufacturer provided with the system under
S5.6.1 or S5.6.2, while conforming to the
following:
(a) Prior to placing the 9-month-old
test dummy in the child restraint system, place the dummy in the supine position on a horizontal surface. While
placing a hand on the center of the
torso to prevent movement of the
dummy torso, rotate the dummy legs
upward by lifting the feet 90 degrees.
Slowly release the legs but do not return them to the flat surface.
(b)(1) When testing forward-facing
child restraint systems, holding the 9month-old test dummy torso upright
until it contacts the system’s design
seating surface, place the 9-month-old
test dummy in the seated position
within the system with the mid-sagittal plane of the dummy head—
(i) Coincident with the center SORL
of the standard seating assembly, in

the case of the add-on child restraint
system, or
(ii) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in the
case of a built-in child restraint system.
(2) When testing rear-facing child restraint systems, place the newborn, 9month-old or 12-month-old dummy in
the child restraint system so that the
back of the dummy torso contacts the
back support surface of the system.
For a child restraint system which is
equipped with a fixed or movable surface described in S5.2.2.2 which is being
tested under the conditions of test configuration II, do not attach any of the
child restraint belts unless they are an
integral part of the fixed or movable
surface. For all other child restraint
systems and for a child restraint system with a fixed or movable surface
which is being tested under the conditions of test configuration I, attach all
appropriate child restraint belts and
tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all appropriate vehicle belts and
tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Position each movable surface in accordance with the instructions that the
manufacturer provided under S5.6.1 or
S5.6.2. If the dummy’s head does not remain in the proper position, tape it
against the front of the seat back surface of the system by means of a single
thickness of 6 mm-wide paper masking
tape placed across the center of the
dummy’s face.
(c)(1)(i) When testing forward-facing
child restraint systems, extend the
arms of the 9-month-old or 12-monthold test dummy as far as possible in
the upward vertical direction. Extend
the legs of the 9-month-old or 12month-old test dummy as far as possible in the forward horizontal direction, with the dummy feet perpendicular to the centerline of the lower
legs. Using a flat square surface with
an area of 2,580 square mm, apply a
force of 178 N, perpendicular to:
(A) The plane of the back of the
standard seat assembly, in the case of
an add-on system, or
(B) The back of the vehicle seat in
the specific vehicle shell or the specific
vehicle, in the case of a built-in system, first against the dummy crotch

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and then at the dummy thorax in the
midsagittal plane of the dummy. For a
child restraint system with a fixed or
movable surface described in S5.2.2.2,
which is being tested under the conditions of test configuration II, do not
attach any of the child restraint belts
unless they are an integral part of the
fixed or movable surface. For all other
child restraint systems and for a child
restraint system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested
under the conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate child restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all appropriate
vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Position each movable
surface in accordance with the instructions that the manufacturer provided
under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2.
(ii) After the steps specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, rotate
each dummy limb downwards in the
plane
parallel
to
the
dummy’s
midsagittal plane until the limb contacts a surface of the child restraint
system or the standard seat assembly,
in the case of an add-on system, or the
specific vehicle shell or specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in system, as
appropriate. Position the limbs, if necessary, so that limb placement does
not inhibit torso or head movement in
tests conducted under S6.
(2) When testing rear-facing child restraint systems, extend the dummy’s
arms vertically upwards and then rotate each arm downward toward the
dummy’s lower body until the arm contacts a surface of the child restraint
system or the standard seat assembly
in the case of an add-on child restraint
system, or the specific vehicle shell or
the specific vehicle, in the case of a
built-in child restraint system. Ensure
that no arm is restrained from movement in other than the downward direction, by any part of the system or
the belts used to anchor the system to
the standard seat assembly, the specific shell, or the specific vehicle.
S10.2.2 Three-year-old and six-yearold test dummy. Position the test
dummy according to the instructions
for child positioning that the restraint
manufacturer provided with the system
in accordance with S5.6.1 or S5.6.2,
while conforming to the following:

§ 571.213
(a) Holding the test dummy torso upright until it contacts the system’s design seating surface, place the test
dummy in the seated position within
the system with the midsagittal plane
of the test dummy head—
(1) Coincident with the center SORL
of the standard seating assembly, in
the case of the add-on child restraint
system, or
(2) Vertical and parallel to the longitudinal center line of the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in child restraint system.
(b) Extend the arms of the test
dummy as far as possible in the upward
vertical direction. Extend the legs of
the dummy as far as possible in the forward horizontal direction, with the
dummy feet perpendicular to the center line of the lower legs.
(c) Using a flat square surface with
an area of 2580 square millimeters,
apply a force of 178 N, perpendicular to:
(1) The plane of the back of the
standard seat assembly, in the case of
an add-on system, or
(2) The back of the vehicle seat in the
specific vehicle shell or the specific vehicle, in the case of a built-in system,
first against the dummy crotch and
then at the dummy thorax in the
midsagittal plane of the dummy. For a
child restraint system with a fixed or
movable surface described in S5.2.2.2,
which is being tested under the conditions of test configuration II, do not
attach any of the child restraint belts
unless they are an integral part of the
fixed or movable surface. For all other
child restraint systems and for a child
restraint system with a fixed or movable surface which is being tested
under the conditions of test configuration I, attach all appropriate child restraint belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Attach all appropriate
vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2. Position each movable
surface in accordance with the instructions that the manufacturer provided
under S5.6.1 or S5.6.2.
(d) After the steps specified in paragraph (c) of this section, rotate each
dummy limb downwards in the plane
parallel to the dummy’s midsagittal
plane until the limb contacts a surface
of the child restraint system or the
standard seat assembly, in the case of

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49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–08 Edition)
that limb placement does not inhibit
torso or head movement in tests conducted under S6.

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an add-on system, or the specific vehicle shell or specific vehicle, in the case
of a built-in system, as appropriate.
Position the limbs, if necessary, so

§ 571.213

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§ 571.213

Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT

§ 571.214

[44 FR 72147, Dec. 13, 1979]

§ 571.214 Standard No. 214; Side impact protection.
S1 Scope and purpose.
(a) Scope. This standard specifies performance requirements for protection
of occupants in side impacts.
(b) Purpose. The purpose of this
standard is to reduce the risk of serious and fatal injury to occupants of
passenger cars, multipurpose passenger
vehicles, trucks and buses in side impacts by specifying strength requirements for side doors, limiting the
forces, deflections and accelerations
measured on anthropomorphic dummies in test crashes, and by other
means.
S2 Applicability. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and
buses with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (kg)
(10,000 pounds (lb)) or less, except for
walk-in vans, or otherwise specified.
S3 Definitions.
Contoured means, with respect to a
door, that the lower portion of its front
or rear edge is curved upward, typically to conform to a wheel well.

Double side doors means a pair of
hinged doors with the lock and latch
mechanisms located where the door
lips overlap.
Limited line manufacturer means a
manufacturer that sells three or fewer
carlines, as that term is defined in 49
CFR 583.4, in the United States during
a production year.
Lowered floor means the replacement
floor on a motor vehicle whose original
floor has been removed, in part or in
total, and replaced by a floor that is
lower than the original floor.
Modified roof means the replacement
roof on a motor vehicle whose original
roof has been removed, in part or in
total.
Raised roof is used as defined in paragraph S4 of 49 CFR 571.216.
Walk-in van means a special cargo/
mail delivery vehicle that has only one
designated seating position. That designated seating position must be forward facing and for use only by the
driver. The vehicle usually has a thin
and light sliding (or folding) side door
for easy operation and a high roof
clearance that a person of medium

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EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 571.213, see the List of CFR
Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of this volume.