Cattle - Release

Cattle
Washington, D.C.

Released January 29, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. For information on Cattle call Jason Hardegree at (202) 720-3040, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET.

January 1 Cattle Inventory Down 1 Percent

All cattle and calves in the United States as of January 1, 2010, totaled 93.7 million head, 1 percent
below the 94.5 million on January 1, 2009.
All cows and heifers that have calved, at 40.5 million, were down 1 percent from the 41.0 million on
January 1, 2009.
• Beef cows, at 31.4 million, were down 1 percent from January 1, 2009.
• Milk cows, at 9.1 million, were down 3 percent from January 1, 2009.
Other class estimates on January 1, 2010, and the change from January 1, 2009, are as follows:
• All heifers 500 pounds and over, 19.7 million, up slightly.
• Beef replacement heifers, 5.4 million, down 2 percent.
• Milk replacement heifers, 4.5 million, up 2 percent.
• Other heifers, 9.7 million, up 1 percent.
• Steers weighing 500 pounds and over, 16.4 million, down 2 percent.
• Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over, 2.2 million, up slightly.
• Calves under 500 pounds, 14.9 million, up slightly.
• Cattle and calves on feed for slaughter in all feedlots, 13.6 million, down 2 percent.
• The combined total of calves under 500 pounds, and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds
outside of feedlots was 27.5 million, down slightly.

Calf Crop Down 1 Percent
The 2009 calf crop was estimated at 35.8 million head, down 1 percent from 2008. Calves born during
the first half of the year are estimated at 26.0 million, down 1 percent from 2008.

Revisions
All inventory and calf crop estimates for July 1, 2008, January 1, 2009, and July 1, 2009 were reviewed
using calf crop, official slaughter, import and export data, and the relationship of new survey
information to the prior surveys. Based on the findings of this review, small adjustments of less than
one-half percent were made to previously released inventory estimates by class and calf crop.
State level estimates were reviewed and changes were made to reallocate inventory and calf crop
estimates to the U.S. total.

This report was approved on January 29, 2010.

Acting Secretary of
Agriculture
James W. Miller

Cattle
January 2010

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Carol C. House

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Contents
Page
U.S. Inventory by Class, January 1 ...................................................................................................... 1
Cattle and Calves by State and United States, January 1 ..................................................................... 2
Calf Crop by State and United States ................................................................................................... 6
Total Number on Feed, January 1 ........................................................................................................ 7
Number Grazing on Small Grain Pasture, January 1 ........................................................................... 8
U.S. Inventory by Class, July 1 ............................................................................................................ 8
U.S. Calf Crop, Number and Percent of Total ..................................................................................... 8
Reliability Statement ............................................................................................................................ 9
Information Contacts .......................................................................................................................... 10

Cattle
January 2010

i

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class and Calf Crop, United States,
January 1, 2009-2010 1
Class

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

Cattle and Calves

94,521

93,701

99

Cows and Heifers That Have Calved
Beef Cows
Milk Cows

41,045
31,712
9,333

40,456
31,376
9,081

99
99
97

Heifers 500 Pounds and Over
For Beef Cow Replacement
Expected to Calve 2
For Milk Cow Replacement
Expected to Calve 2
Other Heifers

19,576
5,531
3,367
4,410
2,909
9,635

19,666
5,436
3,385
4,516
2,941
9,714

100
98
101
102
101
101

Steers 500 Pounds and Over
Bulls 500 Pounds and Over
Calves Under 500 Pounds

16,769
2,184
14,948

16,440
2,190
14,949

98
100
100

Cattle on Feed

13,856

13,642

98

2008
Calf Crop

2009 as
% of 2008

2009
36,153

35,819

99

1

Totals may not add due to rounding.
2
Replacement heifers expected to calve during the year.

U.S. Cattle Inventory
January 1
Million Head

110

105.4
103.5

105

100

96.6
95

95.8
90
1986

Cattle
January 2010

94.4

1992

1998

1

2004

93.7
2010

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States,
January 1, 2009-2010
All Cattle and Calves
All Cows That Have Calved
State

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY

1,260
14.0
1,020
1,810
5,250
2,600
52
21
1,700
1,110
150
2,110
1,200
860
3,950
6,300
2,300
890
89
185
43
1,070
2,400
960
4,250
2,600
6,350
450
39
38
1,540
1,380
850
1,760
1,280
5,400
1,240
1,590
5.0
380
3,700
1,980
13,600
810
270
1,470
1,080
415
3,350
1,350

1,280
14.5
930
1,890
5,150
2,600
48
20
1,720
1,060
151
2,140
1,170
870
3,850
6,000
2,300
840
87
195
43
1,100
2,420
970
4,150
2,550
6,250
450
37
36
1,550
1,410
820
1,720
1,280
5,450
1,260
1,620
4.7
380
3,800
2,040
13,300
800
265
1,550
1,040
370
3,400
1,320

102
104
91
104
98
100
92
95
101
95
101
101
98
101
97
95
100
94
98
105
100
103
101
101
98
98
98
100
95
95
101
102
96
98
100
101
102
102
94
100
103
103
98
99
98
105
96
89
101
98

680
6.1
390
920
2,460
850
25
10.5
1,060
610
86
1,005
510
380
1,140
1,630
1,200
540
44
95
22
445
860
510
2,100
1,510
1,910
265
21.0
19.5
820
710
430
920
580
2,100
650
700
2.5
205
1,720
1,010
5,600
435
148
740
515
215
1,520
720

680
6.0
375
950
2,370
830
24
10.0
1,070
600
83
990
490
390
1,100
1,550
1,150
520
44
95
21
450
850
520
2,070
1,480
1,840
265
19.0
18.0
820
700
410
890
560
2,130
660
700
2.4
200
1,710
1,050
5,550
420
144
760
470
200
1,520
700

US

94,521.0

93,701.2

99

41,044.6

40,456.4

100
98
96
103
96
98
96
95
101
98
97
99
96
103
96
95
96
96
100
100
95
101
99
102
99
98
96
100
90
92
100
99
95
97
97
101
102
100
96
98
99
104
99
97
97
103
91
93
100
97
99
--continued

Cattle
January 2010

2

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States,
January 1, 2009-2010 (continued)
Beef Cows That Have Calved
Milk Cows That Have Calved
State

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY

668
5.5
200
906
620
720
6.0
4.0
942
536
84.4
451
408
213
925
1,505
1,114
515
11.0
39
7.5
92
392
491
1,992
1,494
1,851
237
6.0
10.0
484
85
384
895
304
2,038
535
150
1.4
188
1,626
951
5,170
350
9.0
643
271
204
265
713

669
5.4
208
937
610
714
5.5
4.0
958
524
81.2
440
389
221
885
1,434
1,070
499
11.0
41
8.0
96
380
503
1,968
1,465
1,781
237
4.0
9.5
502
90
367
869
288
2,073
546
160
1.3
183
1,618
997
5,140
338
10.0
665
227
190
260
694

100
98
104
103
98
99
92
100
102
98
96
98
95
104
96
95
96
97
100
105
107
104
97
102
99
98
96
100
67
95
104
106
96
97
95
102
102
107
93
97
100
105
99
97
111
103
84
93
98
97

12.0
0.6
190
14.0
1,840
130
19.0
6.5
118
74
1.6
554
102
167
215
125
86
25
33
56
14.5
353
468
19.0
108
16.0
59
28
15.0
9.5
336
625
46
25
276
62
115
550
1.1
17.0
94
59
430
85
139
97
244
11.0
1,255
7.0

11.0
0.6
167
13.0
1,760
116
18.5
6.0
112
76
1.8
550
101
169
215
116
80
21
33
54
13.0
354
470
17.0
102
15.0
59
28
15.0
8.5
318
610
43
21
272
57
114
540
1.1
17.0
92
53
410
82
134
95
243
10.0
1,260
6.0

92
100
88
93
96
89
97
92
95
103
113
99
99
101
100
93
93
84
100
96
90
100
100
89
94
94
100
100
100
89
95
98
93
84
99
92
99
98
100
100
98
90
95
96
96
98
100
91
100
86

US

31,711.8

31,375.9

99

9,332.8

9,080.5

97
--continued

Cattle
January 2010

3

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States,
January 1, 2009-2010 (continued)
Heifers 500 Pounds and Over
State

AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
US

Beef Cow Replacement

Milk Cow Replacement

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

Other
2010

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

95
1.6
35
165
115
120
2.0
0.6
140
73
13.0
90
49
36
140
255
160
87
4.0
8.0
2.0
27
95
83
320
385
320
35
1.5
2.5
85
28
69
180
70
390
90
40
0.5
32
280
150
790
55
3.5
100
55
38
65
150

95
1.7
30
179
120
120
1.5
0.7
135
68
12.0
90
53
42
130
240
150
82
3.0
9.0
2.5
27
95
92
280
340
310
35
1.0
2.2
95
33
69
165
65
405
95
40
0.4
36
285
170
760
66
4.0
105
54
37
60
145

5.0
0.2
50
5.0
780
60
11.0
2.3
35
23
1.0
275
59
66
130
65
50
7.0
18.0
26
7.0
148
285
7.0
40
10.0
20
10.0
7.5
5.0
140
320
20.0
20.0
115
30
55
270
0.5
7.0
40
45
220
45
61
45
110
3.0
650
5.0

5.0
0.2
55
6.0
750
70
9.0
2.7
30
25
1.0
295
52
70
130
70
50
7.0
16.0
28
6.0
158
295
7.0
45
7.0
20
10.0
8.0
4.8
145
325
19.0
10.0
120
25
55
300
0.5
8.0
35
35
250
48
56
50
123
4.0
670
5.0

40
0.1
20.0
95
170
530
0.5
0.6
25
31
5.0
195
117
55
600
1,520
110
17.0
2.0
7.0
1.0
50
165
36
270
225
1,450
29
1.0
2.0
95
42
30
215
75
580
110
60
0.1
11.0
580
75
1,550
50
4.5
55
95
28
55
155

40
0.1
15.0
85
210
500
0.5
0.4
25
39
6.0
195
125
55
640
1,480
130
16.0
2.0
6.0
1.5
50
180
37
275
273
1,440
28
1.0
2.0
90
52
24
220
70
530
115
50
0.1
13.0
640
70
1,540
51
5.0
65
93
23
60
145

5,531.2

5,436.0

4,409.5

4,516.2

9,634.8

9,713.6
--continued

Cattle
January 2010

4

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class, State, and United States,
January 1, 2009-2010 (continued)
Steers
Bulls
Calves
500 Pounds and Over
500 Pounds and Over
Under 500 Pounds
2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY

55
0.8
370
145
600
770
2.4
3.0
20
48
8.0
260
230
104
1,390
2,020
215
24
3.5
15.0
2.0
185
440
55
510
265
2,270
36
1.0
2.0
170
35
30
260
190
1,160
145
160
0.4
15.0
680
137
2,780
105
3.0
140
143
41
360
165

70
0.6
300
155
580
860
2.3
2.6
20
39
8.0
255
210
122
1,330
1,890
235
21
4.0
18.0
2.0
200
445
50
450
265
2,240
37
1.5
2.0
130
39
36
275
205
1,210
150
150
0.4
17.0
760
137
2,530
90
4.0
180
144
33
360
175

45
1.9
20
60
65
50
0.6
0.4
60
35
5.0
35
25
16.0
70
95
75
34
1.5
4.0
1.0
15.0
40
39
110
90
95
13.0
0.5
1.0
30
15.0
31
60
30
140
35
25
0.2
17.0
85
73
370
20
3.0
40
22.0
15.0
30
40

50
2.0
20
60
70
45
0.7
0.3
60
29
5.0
35
25
19.0
60
90
75
32
1.5
4.0
1.0
15.0
35
39
110
90
95
15.0
0.5
1.0
40
16.0
32
60
30
150
35
25
0.1
16.0
85
78
370
22
3.0
40
18.0
15.0
30
40

340
3.3
135
420
1,060
220
10.5
3.6
360
290
32
250
210
203
480
715
490
181
16.0
30
8.0
200
515
230
900
115
285
62
6.5
6.0
200
230
240
105
220
1,000
155
335
0.8
93
315
490
2,290
100
47
350
140
75
670
115

340
3.9
135
455
1,050
175
10.0
3.3
380
260
36
280
215
172
460
680
510
162
16.5
35
9.0
200
520
225
920
95
305
60
6.0
6.0
230
245
230
100
230
1,000
150
355
0.8
90
285
500
2,300
103
49
350
138
58
700
110

US

16,769.1

16,440.4

2,184.1

2,190.1

14,947.7

14,948.5

Cattle
January 2010

5

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Calf Crop: Number by State and United States,
2008-2009
State

2008

2009

2009 as
% of 2008

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

AL
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
HI
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY

580
3.6
300
780
2,010
780
20
8.5
880
510
65
960
470
315
1,070
1,430
1,070
420
36
72
19.0
375
840
390
1,930
1,490
1,730
210
14.0
14.0
590
500
390
920
460
1,880
610
610
2.4
165
1,660
950
4,800
360
123
680
430
200
1,350
680

590
4.2
295
810
1,990
770
20
7.5
900
500
65
930
440
335
1,030
1,390
1,030
400
32
74
20.0
380
820
420
1,900
1,460
1,680
210
13.5
13.5
610
490
370
890
470
1,900
610
610
2.3
165
1,660
950
4,750
365
122
690
410
195
1,370
660

102
117
98
104
99
99
100
88
102
98
100
97
94
106
96
97
96
95
89
103
105
101
98
108
98
98
97
100
96
96
103
98
95
97
102
101
100
100
96
100
100
100
99
101
99
101
95
98
101
97

US

36,152.5

35,819.0

99

Cattle
January 2010

6

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Total Number on Feed by State and United States,
January 1, 2009-2010 1
State

AZ
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
MD
MI
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
NY
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
Oth Sts 2
US

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

358
2.0
490
1,020
230
180
120
1,300
2,370
10.0
12.0
165
280
60
45
2,500
6.0
29
70
195
350
80
75
390
4.0
2,800
25
29
160
9.0
240
70

288
5.0
465
1,020
225
170
122
1,360
2,370
10.0
12.0
170
290
60
26
2,500
9.0
30
90
195
370
75
75
400
5.0
2,700
25
20
167
7.0
240
65

80
250
95
100
98
94
102
105
100
100
100
103
104
100
58
100
150
103
129
100
106
94
100
103
125
96
100
69
104
78
100
93

181.7

76.2

42

13,855.7

13,642.2

98

1

Cattle and calves on feed are animals for slaughter market being fed a ration of grain or other concentrates and are
expected to produce a carcass that will grade select or better. Cattle and calves on feed are included in the cattle inventory
estimates by classes.
2
Other States include AL, AK, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, LA, ME, MA, MS, NC, NH, NM, NJ, RI, SC, and VT.

Cattle
January 2010

7

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cattle and Calves: Number Grazing on Small Grain Pasture,
3-State Total, January 1, 2009-2010
Class

2009

2010

2010 as
% of 2009

Million Head

Million Head

Percent

Calves, Other Heifers and Steers
Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas

1.65

1.92

116

Cattle and Calves: Number by Class and Calf Crop
United States, July 1, 2008-2009 1
Class

2008

2009

2009 as
% of 2008

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Percent

Cattle and Calves

103,300

102,000

99

Cows and Heifers That Have Calved
Beef Cows
Milk Cows

42,000
32,650
9,350

41,400
32,200
9,200

99
99
98

Heifers 500 Pounds and Over
For Beef Cow Replacement
For Milk Cow Replacement
Other Heifers

16,300
4,600
3,900
7,800

16,200
4,500
3,950
7,750

99
98
101
99

Steers 500 Pounds and Over
Bulls 500 Pounds and Over
Calves Under 500 Pounds

14,700
2,100
28,200

14,400
2,100
27,900

98
100
99

Calf Crop

36,153

35,819

99

Cattle on Feed

12,200

11,600

95

1

Revised.

Calf Crop: Number and Percent of Total by Six Month Period,
United States, 2008-2009 1
2008
Period

2009

Number

% of
Total

Number

% of
Total

1,000 Head

Percent

1,000 Head

Percent

Jan 1 - Jun 30
Jul 1 - Dec 31

26,300.0
9,852.5

72.7
27.3

26,000.0
9,819.0

72.6
27.4

Total

36,152.5

100.0

35,819.0

100.0

1

Revised.

Cattle
January 2010

8

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Reliability of January 1 Cattle and Calves Estimates
Survey Procedures: A random sample of U.S. producers was surveyed to provide data for these
estimates. Survey procedures ensured that all cattle producers, regardless of size, had a chance to be
included in the survey. Large producers were sampled more heavily than small operations. Data were
collected from about 50,000 operators during the first half of January by mail, telephone, and face-toface personal interviews and 80 percent of the reports were usable. Regardless of when operators
responded, they were asked to report inventories as of January 1.

Estimating Procedures: These cattle estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after
reviewing recommendations and analysis submitted by each State office. National and State survey
data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the previous year using
a balance sheet. The balance sheet begins with the previous inventory estimate, adds to it estimates of
births and imports, and subtracts estimates of slaughter, exports, and deaths. This indicated ending
inventory level is compared to the Agricultural Statistics Board estimate for reasonableness.

Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve year to year and item to item
relationships. Estimates for the previous year are subject to revision when current estimates are made.
The reviews are primarily based on livestock slaughter and additional foreign trade and survey data.
Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the five-year Census of Agriculture are available. No
revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: Since all cattle operators are not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to
sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions,
duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. The effects of these errors
cannot be measured directly. They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection
process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report, the "Root Mean Square Error" is
shown for selected items in the following table. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure
based on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and latest estimates.
The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle inventory estimates over the past 10 years is 0.5 percent. This
means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current estimate
of 93.7 million head by more than 0.5 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 that the difference will not
exceed 0.9 percent.

Cattle
January 2010

9

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

The following table also shows a 10 year record of the range of differences between first and latest
estimates for selected items. Using estimates of all cattle and calves as an example, changes between
the first inventory estimate and the latest estimate during the past 10 years have averaged 335,000 head,
ranging from 6,000 to 830,000 head. During this period the initial inventory estimate has been below
the final estimate 3 times, and above the final estimate 7 times. This does not imply that the January 1
estimate is likely to understate or overstate final inventory.

Item

Reliability of January 1 Cattle Estimates 1
90 Percent
Difference Between
Confidence
First and Latest
Level
Estimates

Number of
Years

Root
Mean
Square
Error

Percent

Head

Average

Smallest

Largest

First
Above
Latest

First
Below
Latest

Percent

Percent

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

1,000 Head

Number

Number

All Cattle

0.5

0.9

843

335

6

830

7

3

All Cows

0.6

1.1

445

169

24

505

6

4

Calf Crop

1.0

1.8

645

269

10

674

5

5

1

Based on data from January 2000 through January 2009.

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural
Statistics Service to contact for additional information.
Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch ........................................................................ (202) 720-3570
Livestock Section
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ...........................................................................
Jim Collom - Dairy Products ............................................................................
Joe Gaynor - Dairy Products Prices ..................................................................
Jason Hardegree - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ..........................................................
Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter .........................................................
Everett Olbert - Sheep and Goats .....................................................................
Mike Miller - Milk Production and Milk Cows ................................................
Nick Streff - Hogs and Pigs ..............................................................................

Cattle
January 2010

10

(202) 690-2424
(202) 690-3236
(202) 690-2168
(202) 720-3040
(515) 284-4340
(202) 720-4751
(202) 720-3278
(202) 720-3106

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

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Sustainable Agriculture
The Key to Health and Prosperity

February 18 – 19, 2010
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1700 Jefferson Davis Highway
Arlington, Virginia

www.usda.gov/oce/forum
Early Bird Registration $350 until January 15, 2010 * $375 after January 15

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