50 Cfr 17.1 - 17.63

Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries

PART 17—ENDANGERED AND THREATENED WILDLIFE AND PLANTS

Section Contents

Subpart A—Introduction and General Provisions
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8

Purpose of regulations.
Scope of regulations.
Definitions.
Pre-Act wildlife.
Alaska natives.
State cooperative agreements. [Reserved]
Raptor exemption.
Permit applications and information collection requirements.

Subpart B—Lists
§ 17.11
§ 17.12

Endangered and threatened wildlife.
Endangered and threatened plants.

Subpart C—Endangered Wildlife
§ 17.21
§ 17.22
survival,
§ 17.23

Prohibitions.
Permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of propagation or
or for incidental taking.
Economic hardship permits.

Subpart D—Threatened Wildlife
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§

17.31
17.32
17.40
17.41
17.42
17.43
17.44
17.45
17.46
17.47
17.48

Prohibitions.
Permits—general.
Special rules—mammals.
Special rules—birds.
Special rules—reptiles.
Special rules—amphibians.
Special rules—fishes.
Special rules—snails and clams. [Reserved]
Special rules—crustaceans.
[Reserved]
Special rules—common sponges and other forms. [Reserved]

Subpart E—Similarity of Appearance
§ 17.50
§ 17.51
§ 17.52

General.
Treatment as endangered or threatened.
Permits—similarity of appearance.

Subpart F—Endangered Plants
§ 17.61
Prohibitions.
§ 17.62
Permits for scientific purposes or for the enhancement of
propagation or survival.
§ 17.63
Economic hardship permits.

Subpart G—Threatened Plants
§ 17.71
Prohibitions.
§ 17.72
Permits—general.
§§ 17.73-17.78
[Reserved]

Subpart H—Experimental Populations
§
§
§
§
§
§
§

17.80
17.81
17.82
17.83
17.84
17.85
17.86

Definitions.
Listing.
Prohibitions.
Interagency cooperation.
Special rules—vertebrates.
Special rules—invertebrates.
Special rules—plants. [Reserved]

Subpart I—Interagency Cooperation
§ 17.94
§ 17.95

Critical habitats.
Critical habitat—fish and wildlife.

Authority:
16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 16 U.S.C. 1531–1544; 16 U.S.C.
4201–4245; Pub. L. 99–625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted.
Source:
40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart A—Introduction and General Provisions
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§ 17.1
Purpose of regulations.
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(a) The regulations in this part implement the Endangered Species Act of
1973, 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1531–1543, except for those provisions in
the Act concerning the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, for which regulations are provided in
part 23 of this subchapter.
(b) The regulations identify those species of wildlife and plants
determined by the Director to be endangered or threatened with extinction
under section 4(a) of the Act and also carry over the species and
subspecies of wildlife designated as endangered under the Endangered
Species Conservation Act of 1969 (83 Stat. 275, 16 U.S.C. 668cc–1 to 6)
which are deemed endangered species under section 4(c)(3) of the Act.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977]
§ 17.2
Scope of regulations.
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(a) The regulations of this part apply only to endangered and threatened

wildlife and plants.
(b) By agreement between the Service and the National Marine Fisheries
Service, the jurisdiction of the Department of Commerce has been
specifically defined to include certain species, while jurisdiction is
shared in regard to certain other species. Such species are footnoted in
subpart B of this part, and reference is given to special rules of the
National Marine Fisheries Service for those species.
(c) The provisions in this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu
of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or
prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation,
exportation, and interstate transportation of wildlife.
(d) The examples used in this part are provided solely for the convenience
of the public, and to explain the intent and meaning of the regulation to
which they refer. They have no legal significance.
(e) Certain of the wildlife and plants listed in §§17.11 and 17.12 as
endangered or threatened are included in Appendix I, II or III to the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora. The importation, exportation and reexportation of such species are
subject to additional regulations provided in part 23 of this subchapter.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 10465, Feb. 22, 1977]
§ 17.3
Definitions.
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In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter,
and unless the context otherwise requires, in this part 17:
Act means the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531–1543; 87
Stat. 884);
Adequately covered means, with respect to species listed pursuant to
section 4 of the ESA, that a proposed conservation plan has satisfied the
permit issuance criteria under section 10(a)(2)(B) of the ESA for the
species covered by the plan, and, with respect to unlisted species, that a
proposed conservation plan has satisfied the permit issuance criteria
under section 10(a)(2)(B) of the ESA that would otherwise apply if the
unlisted species covered by the plan were actually listed. For the
Services to cover a species under a conservation plan, it must be listed
on the section 10(a)(1)(B) permit.
Alaskan Native means a person defined in the Alaska Native Claims
Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1603(b) (85 Stat. 588)) as a citizen of the
United States who is of one-fourth degree or more Alaska Indian (including
Tsimshian Indians enrolled or not enrolled in the Metlaktla Indian
Community), Eskimo, or Aleut blood, or combination thereof. The term
includes any Native, as so defined, either or both of whose adoptive
parents are not Natives. It also includes, in the absence of proof of a
minimum blood quantum, any citizen of the United States who is regarded as
an Alaska Native by the Native village or town of which he claims to be a
member and whose father or mother is (or, if deceased, was) regarded as
Native by any Native village or Native town. Any citizen enrolled by the
Secretary pursuant to section 5 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
shall be conclusively presumed to be an Alaskan Native for purposes of
this part;
Authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing means items made by
an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo that are composed wholly or in some
significant respect of natural materials and are significantly altered
from their natural form and are produced, decorated, or fashioned in the
exercise of traditional native handicrafts without the use of pantographs,
multiple carvers, or similar mass-copying devices. Improved methods of
production utilizing modern implements such as sewing machines or modern
techniques at a tannery registered pursuant to §18.23(c) of this

subchapter (in the case of marine mammals) may be used as long as no
large-scale mass production industry results. Traditional native
handicrafts include, but are not limited to, weaving, carving, stitching,
sewing, lacing, beading, drawing, and painting. The formation of
traditional native groups, such as cooperatives, is permitted as long as
no large-scale mass production results;
Bred in captivity or captive-bred refers to wildlife, including eggs, born
or otherwise produced in captivity from parents that mated or otherwise
transferred gametes in captivity, if reproduction is sexual, or from
parents that were in captivity when development of the progeny began, if
development is asexual.
Captivity means that living wildlife is held in a controlled environment
that is intensively manipulated by man for the purpose of producing
wildlife of the selected species, and that has boundaries designed to
prevent animal, eggs or gametes of the selected species from entering or
leaving the controlled environment. General characteristics of captivity
may include but are not limited to artificial housing, waste removal,
health care, protection from predators, and artificially supplied food.
Changed circumstances means changes in circumstances affecting a species
or geographic area covered by a conservation plan or agreement that can
reasonably be anticipated by plan or agreement developers and the Service
and that can be planned for (e.g., the listing of new species, or a fire
or other natural catastrophic event in areas prone to such events).
Conservation plan means the plan required by section 10(a)(2)(A) of the
ESA that an applicant must submit when applying for an incidental take
permit. Conservation plans also are known as “habitat conservation plans”
or “HCPs.”
Conserved habitat areas means areas explicitly designated for habitat
restoration, acquisition, protection, or other conservation purposes under
a conservation plan.
Convention means the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, TIAS 8249.
Enhance the propagation or survival, when used in reference to wildlife in
captivity, includes but is not limited to the following activities when it
can be shown that such activities would not be detrimental to the survival
of wild or captive populations of the affected species:
(a) Provision of health care, management of populations by culling,
contraception, euthanasia, grouping or handling of wildlife to control
survivorship and reproduction, and similar normal practices of animal
husbandry needed to maintain captive populations that are self-sustaining
and that possess as much genetic vitality as possible;
(b) Accumulation and holding of living wildlife that is not immediately
needed or suitable for propagative or scientific purposes, and the
transfer of such wildlife between persons in order to relieve crowding or
other problems hindering the propagation or survival of the captive
population at the location from which the wildlife would be removed; and
(c) Exhibition of living wildlife in a manner designed to educate the
public about the ecological role and conservation needs of the affected
species.
Endangered means a species of wildlife listed in §17.11 or a species of
plant listed in §17.12 and designated as endangered.
Harass in the definition of “take” in the Act means an intentional or
negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to
wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt
normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to,
breeding, feeding, or sheltering. This definition, when applied to captive
wildlife, does not include generally accepted:

(1) Animal husbandry practices that meet or exceed the minimum standards
for facilities and care under the Animal Welfare Act,
(2) Breeding procedures, or
(3) Provisions of veterinary care for confining, tranquilizing, or
anesthetizing, when such practices, procedures, or provisions are not
likely to result in injury to the wildlife.
Harm in the definition of “take” in the Act means an act which actually
kills or injures wildlife. Such act may include significant habitat
modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by
significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding,
feeding or sheltering.
Incidental taking means any taking otherwise prohibited, if such taking is
incidental to, and not the purpose of, the carrying out of an otherwise
lawful activity.
Industry or trade in the definition of “commercial activity” in the Act
means the actual or intended transfer of wildlife or plants from one
person to another person in the pursuit of gain or profit;
Native village or town means any community, association, tribe, clan or
group;
Operating conservation program means those conservation management
activities which are expressly agreed upon and described in a conservation
plan or its Implementing Agreement, if any, and which are to be undertaken
for the affected species when implementing an approved conservation plan,
including measures to respond to changed circumstances.
Population means a group of fish or wildlife in the same taxon below the
subspecific level, in common spatial arrangement that interbreed when
mature;
Properly implemented conservation plan means any conservation plan,
Implementing Agreement and permit whose commitments and provisions have
been or are being fully implemented by the permittee.
Property owner with respect to agreements outlined under §§17.22(c),
17.22(d), 17.32(c), and 17.32(d) means a person with a fee simple,
leasehold, or other property interest (including owners of water or other
natural resources), or any other entity that may have a property interest,
sufficient to carry out the proposed management activities, subject to
applicable State law, on non-Federal land.
Specimen means any animal or plant, or any part, product, egg, seed or
root of any animal or plant;
Subsistence means the use of endangered or threatened wildlife for food,
clothing, shelter, heating, transportation and other uses necessary to
maintain the life of the taker of the wildlife, or those who depend upon
the taker to provide them with such subsistence, and includes selling any
edible portions of such wildlife in native villages and towns in Alaska
for native consumption within native villages and towns;
Threatened means a species of wildlife listed in §17.11 or plant listed in
§17.12 and designated as threatened.
Unforeseen circumstances means changes in circumstances affecting a
species or geographic area covered by a conservation plan or agreement
that could not reasonably have been anticipated by plan or agreement
developers and the Service at the time of the conservation plan's or
agreement's negotiation and development, and that result in a substantial
and adverse change in the status of the covered species.
Wasteful manner means any taking or method of taking which is likely to
result in the killing or injury of endangered or threatened wildlife
beyond those needed for subsistence purposes, or which results in the
waste of a substantial portion of the wildlife, and includes without
limitation the employment of a method of taking which is not likely to

assure the capture or killing of the wildlife, or which is not immediately
followed by a reasonable effort to retrieve the wildlife.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 28056, June 1, 1977; 44
FR 54006, Sept. 17, 1979; 46 FR 54750, Nov. 4, 1981; 47 FR 31387, July 20,
1982; 50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985; 63 FR 8870, Feb. 23, 1998; 63 FR 48639,
Sept. 11, 1998; 69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004; 71 FR 46870, Aug. 15, 2006]
§ 17.4
Pre-Act wildlife.
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(a) The prohibitions defined in subparts C and D of this part 17 shall not
apply to any activity involving endangered or threatened wildlife which
was held in captivity or in a controlled environment on December 28, 1973:
Provided,
(1) That the purposes of such holding were not contrary to the purposes of
the Act; and
(2) That the wildlife was not held in the course of a commercial activity.
Example 1.
On January 25, 1974, a tourist buys a stuffed hawksbill
turtle (an endangered species listed since June, 1970), in a foreign
country. On December 28, 1973, the stuffed turtle had been on display for
sale. The tourist imports the stuffed turtle into the United States on
January 26, 1974. This is a violation of the Act since the stuffed turtle
was held for commercial purposes on December 28, 1973.
Example 2.
On December 27, 1973 (or earlier), a tourist buys a leopard
skin coat (the leopard has been listed as endangered since March 1972) for
his wife in a foreign country. On January 5, he imports it into the United
States. He has not committed a violation since on December 28, 1973, he
was the owner of the coat, for personal purposes, and the chain of
commerce had ended with the sale on the 27th. Even if he did not finish
paying for the coat for another year, as long as he had possession of it,
and he was not going to resell it, but was using it for personal purposes,
the Act does not apply to that coat.
Example 3.
On or before December 28, 1973, a hunter kills a leopard
legally in Africa. He has the leopard mounted and imports it into the
United States in March 1974. The importation is not subject to the Act.
The hunter has not engaged in a commercial activity, even though he bought
the services of a guide, outfitters, and a taxidermist to help him take,
preserve, and import the leopard. This applies even if the trophy was in
the possession of the taxidermist on December 28, 1973.
Example 4.
On January 15, 1974, a hunter kills a leopard legally in
Africa. He has the leopard mounted and imports it into the United States
in June 1974. This importation is a violation of the Act since the leopard
was not in captivity or a controlled environment on December 28, 1973.
(b) Service officers or Customs officers may refuse to clear endangered or
threatened wildlife for importation into or exportation from the United
States, pursuant to §14.53 of this subchapter, until the importer or
exporter can demonstrate that the exemption referred to in this section
applies. Exempt status may be established by any sufficient evidence,
including an affidavit containing the following:
(1) The affiant's name and address;
(2) Identification of the affiant;
(3) Identification of the endangered or threatened wildlife which is the
subject of the affidavit;
(4) A statement by the affiant that to the best of his knowledge and
belief, the endangered or threatened wildlife which is the subject of the
affidavit was in captivity or in a controlled environment on December 28,
1973, and was not being held for purposes contrary to the Act or in the
course of a commercial activity;
(5) A statement by the affiant in the following language:

The foregoing is principally based on the attached exhibits which, to the
best of my knowledge and belief, are complete, true and correct. I
understand that this affidavit is being submitted for the purpose of
inducing the Federal Government to recognize an exempt status regarding (
insert description of wildlife ), under the Endangered Species Act of 1973
(16 U.S.C. 1531–1543), and regulations promulgated thereunder, and that
any false statements may subject me to the criminal penalties of 18 U.S.C.
1001.
(6) As an attachment, records or other available evidence to show:
(i) That the wildlife in question was being held in captivity or in a
controlled environment on December 28, 1973;
(ii) The purpose for which the wildlife was being held; and
(iii) The nature of such holding (to establish that no commercial activity
was involved).
(c) This section applies only to wildlife born on or prior to December 28,
1973. It does not apply to the progeny of any such wildlife born after
December 28, 1973.
§ 17.5
Alaska natives.
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(a) The provisions of subpart C of this part relating to the importation
or the taking of endangered wildlife, and any provision of subpart D of
this part relating to the importation or the taking of threatened
wildlife, shall not apply to:
(1) Any Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who is an Alaskan native and who resides
in Alaska; or
(2) Any non-native permanent resident of an Alaskan native village who is
primarily dependent upon the taking of wildlife for consumption or for the
creation and sale of authentic native articles of handicrafts and
clothing:
If the taking is primarily for subsistence purposes, and is not
accomplished in a wasteful manner.
(b) Edible portions of endangered or threatened wildlife taken or imported
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section may be sold in native villages
or towns in Alaska for native consumption within native villages and towns
in Alaska.
(c) Non-edible by-products of endangered or threatened wildlife taken or
imported pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section may be sold in
interstate commerce when made into authentic native articles of
handicrafts and clothing.
§ 17.6
State cooperative agreements. [Reserved]
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§ 17.7
Raptor exemption.
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(a) The prohibitions found in §§17.21 and 17.31 do not apply to any raptor
[a live migratory bird of the Order Falconiformes or the Order
Strigiformes, other than a bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) or a
golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos )] legally held in captivity or in a
controlled environment on November 10, 1978, or to any of its progeny,
which is:
(1) Possessed and banded in compliance with the terms of a valid permit
issued under part 21 of this chapter; and
(2) Identified in the earliest applicable annual report required to be
filed by a permittee under part 21 of this chapter as in a permittee's
possession on November 10, 1978, or as the progeny of such a raptor.
(b) This section does not apply to any raptor intentionally returned to
the wild.
[48 FR 31607, July 8, 1983]

§ 17.8
Permit applications and information collection requirements.
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(a) Address permit applications for activities affecting species listed
under the Endangered Species Act, as amended, as follows:
(1) Address activities affecting endangered and threatened species that
are native to the United States to the Regional Director for the Region in
which the activity is to take place. You can find addresses for the
Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Send applications for interstate
commerce in native endangered and threatened species to the Regional
Director with lead responsibility for the species. To determine the
appropriate region, call the nearest Regional Office:
Region 1 (Portland, OR): 503–231–6241
Region 2 (Albuquerque, NM): 505–248–6920
Region 3 (Twin Cities, MN): 612–713–5343
Region 4 (Atlanta, GA): 404–679–7313
Region 5 (Hadley, MA): 413–253–8628
Region 6 (Denver, CO): 303–236–8155, ext 263
Region 7 (Anchorage, AK): 907–786–3620
Headquarters (Washington, DC): 703–358–2106
(2) Submit permit applications for activities affecting native endangered
and threatened species in international movement or commerce, and all
activities affecting nonnative endangered and threatened species to the
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (Attention Office of Management
Authority), 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA 22203.
(b) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information
collection requirements contained in this part 17 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and
assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018–0093 and 1018–0094. The Service may not
conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection
of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We
are collecting this information to provide information necessary to
evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review
permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria established
in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and regulations, on the
issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of permits. You must respond
to obtain or retain a permit. We estimate the public reporting burden for
these reporting requirements to vary from 2 to 21/2hours per response,
including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data,
and completing and reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the
burden estimate or any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the
Service Information Collection Control Officer, MS–222 ARLSQ, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240, or the Office of Management
and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (1018–0093/0094), Washington, DC
20603.
[63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998]
Subpart B—Lists
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§ 17.11
Endangered and threatened wildlife.
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(a) The list in this section contains the names of all species of wildlife
which have been determined by the Services to be Endangered or Threatened.
It also contains the names of species of wildlife treated as Endangered or
Threatened because they are sufficiently similar in appearance to
Endangered or Threatened species (see §17.50 et seq .).
(b) The columns entitled “Common Name,” “Scientific Name,” and “Vertebrate
Population Where Endangered or Threatened” define the species of wildlife
within the meaning of the Act. Thus, differently classified geographic
populations of the same vertebrate subspecies or species shall be

identified by their differing geographic boundaries, even though the other
two columns are identical. The term “Entire” means that all populations
throughout the present range of a vertebrate species are listed. Although
common names are included, they cannot be relied upon for identification
of any specimen, since they may vary greatly in local usage. The Services
shall use the most recently accepted scientific name. In cases in which
confusion might arise, a synonym(s) will be provided in parentheses. The
Services shall rely to the extent practicable on the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature.
(c) In the “Status” column the following symbols are used: “E” for
Endangered, “T” for Threatened, and “E [or T] (S/A)” for similarity of
appearance species.
(d) The other data in the list are nonregulatory in nature and are
provided for the information of the reader. In the annual revision and
compilation of this title, the following information may be amended
without public notice: the spelling of species' names, historical range,
footnotes, references to certain other applicable portions of this title,
synonyms, and more current names. In any of these revised entries, neither
the species, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, nor its status
may be changed without following the procedures of part 424 of this title.
(e) The “historic range” indicates the known general distribution of the
species or subspecies as reported in the current scientific literature.
The present distribution may be greatly reduced from this historic range.
This column does not imply any limitation on the application of the
prohibitions in the Act or implementing rules. Such prohibitions apply to
all individuals of the species, wherever found.
(f)(1) A footnote to theFederal Registerpublication(s) listing or
reclassifying a species is indicated under the column “When listed.”
Footnote numbers to §§17.11 and 17.12 are in the same numerical sequence,
since plants and animals may be listed in the sameFederal
Registerdocument. That document, at least since 1973, includes a statement
indicating the basis for the listing, as well as the effective date(s) of
said listing.
(2) The “Special rules” and “Critical habitat” columns provide a cross
reference to other sections in parts 17, 222, 226, or 227. The “Special
rules” column will also be used to cite the special rules that describe
experimental populations and determine if they are essential or
nonessential. Separate listing will be made for experimental populations,
and the status column will include the following symbols: “XE” for an
essential experimental population and “XN” for a nonessential experimental
population. The term “NA” (not applicable) appearing in either of these
two columns indicates that there are no special rules and/or critical
habitat for that particular species. However, all other appropriate rules
in parts 17, 217 through 227, and 402 still apply to that species. In
addition, there may be other rules in this title that relate to such
wildlife, e.g., port-of-entry requirements. It is not intended that the
references in the “Special rules” column list all the regulations of the
two Services which might apply to the species or to the regulations of
other Federal agencies or State or local governments.
(g) The listing of a particular taxon includes all lower taxonomic units.
For example, the genus Hylobates (gibbons) is listed as Endangered
throughout its entire range (China, India, and SE Asia); consequently, all
species, subspecies, and populations of that genus are considered listed
as Endangered for the purposes of the Act. In 1978 (43 FR 6230–6233) the
species Haliaeetus leucocephalus (bald eagle) was listed as Threatened in
“USA (WA, OR, MN, WI, MI)” rather than its entire population; thus, all
individuals of the bald eagle found in those five States are considered

listed as Threatened for the purposes of the Act.
(h) The “List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife” is provided below:
SpeciesHistoric RangeVertebrate population where endangered or
threatenedStatusWhen listedCritical habitatSpecial rules
Common nameScientific name
Mammals
AddaxAddax nasomaculatus North AfricaEntireENANA
Anoa, lowlandBubalus depressicornis Indonesia......doE3NANA
Anoa, mountainBubalus quarlesi ......do......doE15NANA
Antelope, giant sableHippotragus niger variani Angola......doE15NANA
Antelope, TibetanPanthalops hodgsonii China, India, Nepal......doENA
ArgaliOvis ammon Afganistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, UzbekistanEntire
except Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and TajikistanE15, 475NANA
Do......do......doKyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and TajikistanT15,
475NA17.40(j)
Armadillo, giantPriodontes maximus Venezuela and Guyana to
ArgentinaEntireE15NANA
Armadillo, pink fairyChlamyphorus truncatus Argentina......doE3NANA
Ass, African wildEquus asinus Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia......doE3,
22NANA
Ass, Asian wildEquus hemionus Southwestern and Central
Asia......doE3NANA
AvahiAvahi laniger (=entire genus)Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)......doE3NANA
Aye-ayeDaubentonia madagascariensis ......do......doE3NANA
BabirusaBabyrousa babyrussa Indonesia......doE15NANA
Baboon, geladaTheropithecus gelada Ethiopia......doT16NA17.40(c)
Bandicoot, barredPerameles bougainville Australia......doE4NANA
Bandicoot, desertPerameles eremiana ......do......doE6NANA
Bandicoot, lesser rabbitMacrotis leucura ......do......doE4NANA
Bandicoot, pig-footedChaeropus ecaudatus ......do......doE4NANA
Bandicoot, rabbitMacrotis lagotis ......do......doE4NANA
BantengBos javanicus Southeast Asia......doE3NANA
Bat, Bulmer's fruit (flying fox)Aproteles bulmerae Papua New
Guinea......doE139NANA
Bat, bumblebeeCraseonycteris thonglongyai Thailand......doE139NANA
Bat, grayMyotis grisescens Central and southeastern
U.S.A.......doE13NANA
Bat, Hawaiian hoaryLasiurus cinereus semotus U.S.A.
(HI)......doE2NANA
Bat, IndianaMyotis sodalis Eastern and Midwestern
U.S.A......doE117.95(a)NA
Bat, lesser long-nosedLeptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae U.S.A. (AZ,
NM), Mexico, Central America......doE336NANA
Bat, little Mariana fruitPteropus tokudae Western Pacific
Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam)......doE156NANA
Fruit Bat, Mariana (=fanihi, Mariana flying fox)Pteropus mariannus
mariannus Western Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (GU, MP)......doT156Guam
17.95(a)NA
Bat, Mexican long-nosedLeptonycteris nivalis U.S.A. (NM, TX),
Mexico, Central America......doE336NANA
Bat, Ozark big-earedCorynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens
U.S.A. (MO, OK, AR)......doE85NANA
Bat, Rodrigues fruit (flying fox)Pteropus rodricensis Indian
Ocean—Rodrigues Island......doE139NANA
Bat, Singapore roundleaf horseshoeHipposideros ridleyi

Malaysia......doE139NANA
Bat, Virginia big-earedCorynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii
virginianus U.S.A. (KY, NC, WV, VA)......doE8517.95(a)NA
Bear, American blackUrsus americanus North AmericaU.S.A. (LA, all
counties; MS, TX, only within the historic county range of the
Louisiana black bear)T(S/A)456NA17.40(i)
Bear, BaluchistanUrsus thibetanus gedrosianus Iran,
PakistanEntireE233NANA
Bear, brownUrsus arctos arctos PalearcticItalyE15, 15ANANA
DoUrsus arctos pruinosus China (Tibet)EntireE15NANA
Bear, grizzlyUrsus arctos horribilis North AmericaU.S.A.,
conterminous (lower 48) States, except—(1) where listed as an
experimental population; and (2) that portion of Idaho that is east
of Interstate Highway 15 and north of U.S. Highway 30; that portion
of Montana that is east of Interstate Highway 15 and south of
Interstate Highway 90; that portion of Wyoming south of Interstate
Highway 90, west of Interstate Highway 25, Wyoming State Highway
220, and U.S. Highway 287 south of Three Forks (at the 220 and 287
intersection), and north of Interstate Highway 80 and U.S. Highway
30T1, 2D, 9, 759NA17.40(b)
Do......do......doU.S.A. (portions of ID and MT, see
17.84(l))XN706NA17.84(l)
Bear, Louisiana blackUrsus americanus luteolus U.S.A. (LA—all
counties; MS—all counties south of or touching a line from
Greenville, Washington County, to Meridian, Lauderdale County;
TX—all counties east of or touching a line from Linden, Cass County,
SW to Bryan, Brazos County, thence SSW to Rockport, Aransas
County)EntireT456NA17.40(i)
Bear, Mexican grizzlyUrsus arctos HolarcticMexicoE3NANA
BeaverCastor fiber birulai MongoliaEntireE15NANA
Bison, woodBison bison athabascae Canada, northwestern
U.S.ACanadaE3NANA
Bobcat, MexicanLynx (=Felis) rufus escuinapae Central
MexicoEntireE15NANA
Bontebok (antelope)Damaliscus pygarus (=dorcas) dorcas South
Africa......doE15NANA
Camel, BactrianCamelus bactrianus Mongolia, China......doE15NANA
Caribou, woodlandRangifer tarandus caribou U.S.A. (AK, ID, ME, MI,
MN, MT, NH, VT, WA, WI), CanadaU.S.A. (ID, WA), Canada (that part of
S.E. British Columbia bounded by the U.S.-Can. border, Columbia R.,
Kootenay R., Kootenay L., and Kootenai R.)E128E, 136, 143NANA
Cat, AndeanFelis jacobita Chile, Peru, Bolivia,
ArgentinaEntireE15NANA
Cat, Asian golden (=Temminck's)Catopuma (=Felis) temminckii Nepal,
China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia (Sumatra)......doE15NANA
Cat, black-footedFelis nigripes Southern Africa......doE15NANA
Cat, flat-headedPrionailurus (=Felis) planiceps Malaysia,
Indonesia......doE15NANA
Cat, IriomotePrionailurus (=Felis) bengalensis iriomotensis Japan
(Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands)......doE50NANA
Cat, leopardPrionailurus (=Felis) bengalensis bengalensis India,
Southeast Asia......doE15NANA
Cat, marbledPardofelis (=Felis) marmorata Nepal, Southeast Asia,
Indonesia......doE15NANA
Cat, Pakistan sandFelis margarita scheffeli Pakistan......doE139NANA
Cat, tigerLeopardus (=Felis) tigrinus Costa Rica to northern
Argentina......doE5NANA

Chamois, ApennineRupicapra rupicapra ornata Italy......doE15NANA
CheetahAcinonyx jubatus Africa to India......doE3, 5NANA
ChimpanzeePan troglodytes Africa—see 17.40(c)(3)Wherever found in
the wildE16, 376NANA
Do......do......doWherever found in captivityT16, 376NA17.40(c)
Chimpanzee, pygmyPan paniscus ZaireEntireE16, 376NANA
ChinchillaChinchilla brevicaudata boliviana Bolivia......doE15NANA
Civet, Malabar large-spottedViverra civettina (=megaspila c.)
India......doE50NANA
CochitoPhocoena sinus Mexico (Gulf of California)......doE169NANA
Deer, BactrianCervus elaphus bactrianus Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
Afghanistan......doE50NANA
Deer, BarbaryCervus elaphus barbarus Morocco, Tunisia,
Algeria......doE50NANA
Deer, Calamianes (=Philippine)Axis porcinus calamianensis
Philippines (Calamian Islands)......doE15NANA
Deer, Cedros Island muleOdocoileus hemionus cedrosensis Mexico
(Cedros Island)......doE10NANA
Deer, Columbian white-tailedOdocoileus virginianus leucurus U.S.A.
(WA, OR)Columbia River (Clark, Cowlitz, Pacific, Skamania, and
Wahkiakum Counties, WA, and Clatsop, Columbia, and Multnomah
Counties, OR)E1,738NANA
Deer, Corsican redCervus elaphus corsicanus Corsica,
Sardinia......doE50NANA
Deer, Eld's brow-antleredCervus eldi India to Southeast
Asia......doE3NANA
Deer, Formosan sikaCervus nippon taiouanus Taiwan......doE50NANA
Deer, Indochina hogAxis (=Cervus) porcinus annamiticus Thailand,
Indochina......doE15NANA
Deer, keyOdocoileus virginianus clavium U.S.A. (FL)......doE1NANA
Deer, Kuhl's (=Bawean)Axis porcinus kuhli Indonesia......doE3NANA
Deer, marshBlastocerus dichotomus Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay,
Bolivia, Brazil......doE3NANA
Deer, McNeill'sCervus elaphus macneilii China (Sinkiang,
Tibet)......doE3NANA
Deer, muskMoschus spp. (all species)Central and eastern
AsiaAfghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, China (Tibet, Yunnan), India, Nepal,
Pakistan, SikkimE15NANA
Deer, North China sikaCervus nippon mandarinus China (Shantung and
Chihli Provinces)EntireE50NANA
Deer, pampasOzotoceros bezoarticus Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay,
Bolivia, Paraguay......doE15NANA
Deer, Persian fallowDama mesopotamica (=dama m.) Iraq,
Iran......doE3NANA
Deer, Ryukyu sikaCervus nippon keramae Japan (Ryukyu
Islands)......doE50NANA
Deer, Shansi sikaCervus nippon grassianus China (Shansi
Province)......doE50NANA
Deer, South China sikaCervus nippon kopschi Southern
China......doE50NANA
Deer, swampCervus duvauceli India, Nepal......doE3NANA
Deer, VisayanCervus alfredi Philippines......doE320NANA
Deer, YarkandCervus elaphus yarkandensis China
(Sinkiang)......doE50NANA
DholeCuon alpinus C.I.S., Korea, China, India, Southeast
Asia......doE3NANA
DibblerAntechinus apicalis Australia......doE4NANA

Dog, African wildLycaon pictus Sub-Saharan Africa......doE139NANA
Dolphin, Chinese riverLipotes vexillifer China......doE350NANA
Dolphin, Indus RiverPlatanista minor Pakistan (Indus R. and
tributaries)......doE417NANA
DrillMandrillus (=Papio) leucophaeus Equatorial West
Africa......doE16NANA
DugongDugong dugon East Africa to southern Japan, including
Palau......doE4, 740NANA
Duiker, Jentink'sCephalophus jentinki Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory
Coast......doE50NANA
Eland, western giantTaurotragus derbianus derbianus Senegal to Ivory
Coast......doE50NANA
Elephant, AfricanLoxodonta africana Africa......doT40NA17.40(e)
Elephant, AsianElephas maximus South-central and southeastern
Asia......doE15NANA
Ferret. black-footedMustela nigripes Western U.S.A., Western
CanadaEntire, except where listed as an experimental populationE1,
3, 433, 545, 546, 582, 646, 703, 737NANA
......do......do......doU.S.A. (specified portions of AZ, CO, MT,
SD, UT, and WY, see 17.84(g)(9))XN433, 545, 546, 582, 646, 703,
737NA17.84(g)
Fox, northern swiftVulpes velox hebes U.S.A. (northern plains),
CanadaCanadaE3NANA
Fox, San Joaquin kitVulpes macrotis mutica U.S.A. (CA)EntireE1NANA
Fox, San Miguel IslandUrocyon littoralis littoralis
......do......doE74217.95(a)NA
Fox, Santa Catalina IslandUrocyon littoralis catalinae
......do......doE74217.95(a)NA
Fox, Santa Cruz IslandUrocyon littoralis santacruzae
......do......doE74217.95(a)NA
Fox, Santa Rosa IslandUrocyon littoralis santarosae
......do......doE74217.95(a)NA
Fox, SimienCanis simensis Ethiopia......doE50NANA
Gazelle, ArabianGazella gazella Arabian Peninsula, Palestine,
Sinai......doE50NANA
Gazelle, Clark'sAmmodorcas clarkei Somalia, Ethiopia......doE3NANA
Gazelle, damaGazella dama North Africa......doE3NANA
Gazelle, MoroccanGazella dorcas massaesyla Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia......doE3NANA
Gazelle, mountain (=Cuvier's)Gazella cuvieri ......do......doE3NANA
Gazelle, Pelzeln'sGazella dorcas pelzelni Somalia......doE50NANA
Gazelle, sandGazella subgutturosa marica Jordan, Arabian
Peninsula......doE50NANA
Gazelle, Saudi ArabianGazella dorcas saudiya Israel, Iraq, Jordan,
Syria, Arabian Peninsula......doE50NANA
Gazelle, slender-hornedGazella leptoceros Sudan, Egypt, Algeria,
Libya......doE3NANA
GibbonsHylobates spp. (including Nomascus )China, India, Southeast
Asia......doE3, 15NANA
GoralNemorhaedus goral East Asia......doE15NANA
GorillaGorilla gorilla Central and western Africa......doE3NANA
Hare, hispidCaprolagus hispidus India, Nepal, Bhutan......doE15NANA
Hartebeest, Swayne'sAlcelaphus buselaphus swaynei Ethiopia,
Somalia......doE3, 50NANA
Hartebeest, ToraAlcelaphus buselaphus tora Ethiopia, Sudan,
Egypt......doE50NANA
Hog, pygmySus salvanius India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim......doE3NANA

Horse, Przewalski'sEquus przewalskii Mongolia, China......doE15NANA
Huemul, north AndeanHippocamelus antisensis Ecuador, Peru, Chile,
Bolivia, Argentina......doE15NANA
Huemul, south AndeanHippocamelus bisulcus Chile,
Argentina......doE15NANA
Hutia, Cabrera'sCapromys angelcabrerai Cuba......doE233NANA
Hutia, dwarfCapromys nana ......do......doE233NANA
Hutia, large-earedCapromys auritus ......do......doE233NANA
Hutia, little earthCapromys sanfelipensis ......do......doE233NANA
Hyena, BarbaryHyaena hyaena barbara Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia......doE3NANA
Hyena, brownParahyaena (=Hyaena) brunnea Southern
Africa......doE3NANA
Ibex, PyreneanCapra pyrenaica pyrenaica Spain......doE3NANA
Ibex, WaliaCapra walie Ethiopia......doE3NANA
Impala, black-facedAepyceros melampus petersi Namibia,
Angola......doE3NANA
IndriIndri indri (=entire genus)Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)......doE3NANA
JaguarPanthera onca U.S.A. (AZ, CA, LA, NM, TX), Mexico, Central and
South America......doE5, 622NANA
Jaguarundi, GuatemalanHerpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi fossata
Mexico, Nicaragua......doE15NANA
Jaguarundi, Gulf CoastHerpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi cacomitli
U.S.A. (TX), Mexico......doE15NANA
Jaguarundi, PanamanianHerpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi panamensis
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama......doE15NANA
Jaguarundi, SinaloanHerpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca U.S.A.
(AZ), Mexico......doE15NANA
Kangaroo rat, FresnoDipodomys nitratoides exilis U.S.A.
(CA)......doE17017.95(a)NA
Kangaroo rat, giantDipodomys ingens ......do......doE251NANA
Kangaroo rat, Morro BayDipodomys heermanni morroensis
......do......doE217.95(a)NA
Kangaroo rat, San Bernardino Merriam's.Dipodomys merriami parvus
......do......doE632E, 64517.95(a)NA
Kangaroo rat, Stephens'Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus
)......do......doE338NANA
Kangaroo rat, TiptonDipodomys nitratoides nitratoides
......do......doE312NANA
Kangaroo, Tasmanian foresterMacropus giganteus tasmaniensis
Australia (Tasmania)......doE6NANA
KoalaPhascolarctos cinereus AustraliaAustraliaT698NANA
KoupreyBos sauveli Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, ThailandEntireE3NANA
Langur, cappedTrachypithecus (=Presbytis) pileatus India, Burma,
Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Langur, DoucPygathrix nemaeus Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam......doE3NANA
Langur, Francois'Trachypithecus (=Presbytis) francoisi China
(Kwangsi), Indochina......doE16NANA
Langur, goldenTrachypithecus (=Presbytis) geei India (Assam),
Bhutan......doE15NANA
Langur, gray (=entellus)Semnopithecus (=Presbytis) entellus China
(Tibet), India, Pakistan, Kashmir, Sri Lanka, Sikkim,
Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Langur, long-tailedPresbytis potenziani
Indonesia......doT16NA17.40(c)
Langur, Pagi IslandNasalis concolor ......do......doE3NANA

Langur, purple-facedPresbytis senex Sri Lanka......doT16NA17.40(c)
Lechwe, redKobus leche Southern Africa......doT3, 15, 106NANA
LemursLemuridae (incl. genera Lemur, Phaner, Hapalemur, Lepilemur,
Microcebus, Allocebus, Cheirogaleus, Varecia )Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)......doE3, 15, 15ANANA
LeopardPanthera pardus Africa, AsiaWherever found, except where it
is listed as Threatened as set forth belowE3, 5, 114NANA
Do......do......doIn Africa, in the wild, south of, and
including, the following countries: Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Uganda,
KenyaT3, 5, 114NA17.40(f)
Leopard, cloudedNeofelis nebulosa Southeastern and south-central
Asia, TaiwanEntireE3, 15NANA
Leopard, snowUncia (=Panthera) uncia Central Asia......doE5NANA
Linsang, spottedPrionodon pardicolor Nepal, Assam, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Laos, Burma......doE15NANA
Lion, AsiaticPanthera leo persica Turkey to India......doE3NANA
Loris, lesser slowNycticebus pygmaeus Indochina......doT16NA17.40(c)
Lynx, CanadaLynx canadensis U.S.A. (AK, CO, ID, CO, ID, ME, MI, MN,
MT, NH, NY, OR, UT, VT, WA, WI, WY), Canada, circumborealCO, ID, ME,
MI, MN, MT, NH, NY, OR, UT, VT, WA, WI, WYT69217.95(a)17.40(k)
Lynx, SpanishFelis pardina Spain, PortugalEntireE3NANA
Macaque, Formosan rockMacaca cyclopis Taiwan......doT16NA17.40(c)
Macaque, JapaneseMacaca fuscata Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu and Honshu
Islands)......doT16NA17.40(c)
Macaque, lion-tailedMacaca silenus India......doE3NANA
Macaque, stump-tailedMacaca arctoides India (Assam) to southern
China......doT16NA17.40(c)
Macaque, ToqueMacaca sinica Sri Lanka......doT16NA17.40(c)
Manatee, AmazonianTrichechus inunguis South America (Amazon R.
basin)......doE3NANA
Manatee, West AfricanTrichechus senegalensis West Coast of Africa
from Senegal R. to Cuanza R......doT52NANA
Manatee, West IndianTrichechus manatus U.S.A. (southeastern),
Caribbean Sea, South America......doE1, 317.95(a)17.108(a)
MandrillMandrillus (=Papio) sphinx Equatorial West
Africa......doE16NANA
Mangabey, Tana RiverCercocebus galeritus galeritus
Kenya......doE3NANA
Mangabey, white-collaredCercocebus torquatus Senegal to Ghana;
Nigeria to Gabon......doE16NANA
MargayLeopardus (=Felis) wiedii U.S.A. (TX), Central and South
AmericaMexico southwardE5NANA
Markhor, chiltan (=wild goat)Capra falconeri (=aegagrus)
chiltanensis Chiltan Range of west-central PakistanEntireE15NANA
Markhor, KabulCapra falconeri megaceros Afghanistan,
Pakistan......doE15NANA
Markhor, straight-hornedCapra falconeri jerdoni
......do......doE15NANA
Marmoset, buff-headedCallithrix flaviceps Brazil......doE139NANA
Marmoset, cotton-topSaguinus oedipus Costa Rica to
Colombia......doE16NANA
Marmoset, Goeldi'sCallimico goeldii Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Bolivia......doE3NANA
Marmoset, white-eared (=buffy tufted-ear)Callithrix aurita (=jacchus
a.) Brazil......doE233NANA
Marmot, Vancouver IslandMarmota vancouverensis Canada (Vancouver
Island)......doE139NANA

Marsupial, eastern jerboaAntechinomys laniger
Australia......doE4NANA
Marsupial-mouse, large desertSminthopsis psammophila
......do......doE4NANA
Marsupial-mouse, long-tailedSminthopsis longicaudata
......do......doE4NANA
Marten, Formosan yellow-throatedMartes flavigula chrysospila
Taiwan......doE3NANA
Monkey, black colobusColobus satanas Equatorial Guinea, People's
Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon......doE16NANA
Monkey, black howlerAlouatta pigra Mexico, Guatemala,
Belize......doT16NA17.40(c)
Monkey, DianaCercopithecus diana Coastal West Africa......doE16NANA
Monkey, Guizhou snub-nosedRhinopithecus brelichi
China......doE400NANA
Monkey, L'hoest'sCercopithecus lhoesti Upper eastern Congo R. Basin,
Cameroon......doE16NANA
Monkey, mantled howlerAlouatta palliata Mexico to South
America......doE15NANA
Monkey, Preuss' red colobusProcolobus (=Colobus) preussi (=badius
p.) Cameroon......doE139NANA
Monkey, proboscisNasalis larvatus Borneo......doE15NANA
Monkey, red-backed squirrelSaimiri oerstedii Costa Rica,
Panama......doE3NANA
Monkey, red-belliedCercopithecus erythrogaster Western
Nigeria......doE16NANA
Monkey, red-eared nose-spottedCercopithecus erythrotis Nigeria,
Cameroon, Fernando Po......doE16NANA
Monkey, Sichuan snub-nosedRhinopithecus roxellana
China......doE400NANA
Monkey, spiderAteles geoffroyi frontatus Costa Rica,
Nicaragua......doE3NANA
DoAteles geoffroyl panamensis Costa Rica, Panama......doE3NANA
Monkey, Tana River red colobusProcolobus (=Colobus) rufomitratus
(=badius r.) Kenya......doE3NANA
Monkey, Tonkin snub-nosedRhinopithecus avunculus Vietnam......doE16,
400NANA
Monkey, woolly spiderBrachyteles arachnoides Brazil......doE3NANA
Monkey, yellow-tailed woollyLagothrix flavicauda Andes of northern
Peru......doE16NANA
Monkey, Yunnan snub-nosedRhinopithecus bieti China......doE400NANA
Monkey, Zanzibar red colobusProcolobus (=Colobus) pennantii (=kirki)
kirki Tanzania......doE3NANA
Mountain beaver, Point ArenaAplodontia rufa nigra U.S.A.
(CA)......doE454NANA
Mouse, Alabama beachPeromyscus polionotus ammobates U.S.A.
(AL)......doE18317.95(a)NA
Mouse, Anastasia Island beachPeromyscus polionotus phasma U.S.A.
(FL)......doE349NANA
Mouse, Australian nativeNotomys aquilo Australia......doE15NANA
DoZyzomys pedunculatus ......do......doE15NANA
Mouse, Choctawhatchee beachPeromyscus polionotus allophrys U.S.A.
(FL)......doE18317.95(a)NA
Mouse, Field'sPseudomys fieldi Australia......doE4NANA
Mouse, Gould'sPseudomys gouldii ......do......doE6NANA
Mouse, Key Largo cottonPeromyscus gossypinus allapaticola U.S.A.
(FL)......doE131E, 160NANA

Mouse, New HollandPseudomys novaehollandiae Australia......doE4NANA
Mouse, Pacific pocketPerognathus longimembris pacificus U.S.A.
(CA)......doE526E, 554NANA
Mouse, Perdido Key beachPeromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis U.S.A.
(AL, FL)......doE18317.95(a)NA
Mouse, Preble's meadow jumpingZapus hudsonius preblei U.S.A. (CO,
WY)......doT63617.95(a)17.40(l)
Mouse, salt marsh harvestReithrodontomys raviventris U.S.A.
(CA)......doE2NANA
Mouse, Shark BayPseudomys praeconis Australia......doE4NANA
Mouse, Shortridge'sPseudomys shortridgei ......do......doE4NANA
Mouse, smokyPseudomys fumeus ......do......doE4NANA
Mouse, southeastern beachPeromyscus polionotus niveiventris U.S.A.
(FL)......doT349NANA
Mouse, St. Andrew beachPeromyscus polionotus peninsularis
......do......doE65517.95(a)NA
Mouse, westernPseudomys occidentalis Australia......doE4NANA
Muntjac, Fea'sMuntiacus feae Northern Thailand, Burma......doE50NANA
Native-cat, easternDasyurus viverrinus Australia......doE6NANA
NumbatMyrmecobius fasciatus ......do......doE4, 6NANA
OcelotLeopardus (=Felis) pardalis U.S.A. (AZ, TX) to Central and
South America......doE5, 119NANA
OrangutanPongo pygmaeus Borneo, Sumatra......doE3NANA
Oryx, ArabianOryx leucoryx Arabian Peninsula......doE3NANA
Oryx, scimitar-hornedOryx dammah North Africa......doENANA
Otter, Cameroon clawlessAonyx congicus (=congica) microdon Cameroon,
Nigeria......doE3NANA
Otter, giantPteronura brasiliensis South America......doE3NANA
Otter, long-tailedLontra (=Lutra) longicaudis (incl. platensis
)......do......doE3, 15NANA
Otter, marineLontra (=Lutra) felina Peru south to Straits of
Magellan......doE15NANA
Otter, northern seaEnhydra lutris kenyoni U.S.A. (AK, WA)Southwest
Alaska, from Attu Island to Western Cook Inlet, including Bristol
Bay, the Kodiak Archipelago, and the Barren IslandsT NANA
Otter, southern riverLontra (=Lutra) provocax Chile,
ArgentinaEntireE15NANA
Otter, southern seaEnhydra lutris nereis West Coast, U.S.A. (CA, OR,
WA) south to Mexico (Baja California)Entire, except where listed
belowT21, 284NA17.84(d)
Do......do......doAll areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction south
of Pt. Conception, CA (34°26.9' N. Lat.) [Note—status governed by
Pub. L. 99–625, 100 Stat. 3500.]XN284NA17.84(d)
Panda, giantAiluropoda melanoleuca ChinaEntireE139NANA
Pangolin, Temnick's groundManis temmincki Africa......doE15NANA
Panther, FloridaPuma (=Felis) concolor coryi U.S.A. (LA and AR east
to SC and FL)......doE1NANA
Planigale, littlePlanigale ingrami subtilissima
Australia......doE4NANA
Planigale, southernPlanigale tenuirostris ......do......doE4NANA
Porcupine, thin-spinedChaetomys subspinosus Brazil......doE3NANA
Possum, Leadbeater'sGymnobelideus leadbeateri
Australia......doE233NANA
Possum, mountain pygmyBurramys parvus ......do......doE4NANA
Possum, scaly-tailedWyulda squamicaudata ......do......doE4NANA
Prairie dog, MexicanCynomys mexicanus Mexico......doE3NANA
Prairie dog, UtahCynomys parvidens U.S.A. (UT)......doT6,

149NA17.40(g)
Pronghorn, peninsularAntilocapra americana peninsularis Mexico (Baja
California)......doE10NANA
Pronghorn, SonoranAntilocapra americana sonoriensis U.S.A. (AZ),
Mexico......doE1, 3NANA
PuduPudu pudu Southern South America......doE15NANA
Puma (=mountain lion)Puma (=Felis) concolor (all subsp. except coryi
)Canada to South AmericaU.S.A. (FL)T(S/A)432NA17.40(h)
Puma, Costa RicanPuma (=Felis) concolor costaricensis Nicaragua,
Panama, Costa RicaEntireE15NANA
Puma (=cougar), easternPuma (=Felis) concolor couguar Eastern North
America......doE6NANA
QuokkaSetonix brachyurus Australia......doE6NANA
Rabbit, Columbia Basin pygmyBrachylagus idahoensis U.S.A. (western
conterminous U.S.)U.S.A. (WA—Douglas, Grant, Lincoln, Adams, Benton
Counties)ENANA
Rabbit, Lower KeysSylvilagus palustris hefneri U.S.A.
(FL)EntireE390NANA
Rabbit, riparian brushSylvilagus bachmani riparius U.S.A.
(CA)......doE687NANA
Rabbit, RyukyuPentalagus furnessi Japan (Ryukyu
Islands)......doE50NANA
Rabbit, volcanoRomerolagus diazi Mexico......doE3NANA
Rat, false waterXeromys myoides Australia......doE4NANA
Rat, stick-nestLeporillus conditor ......do......doE6NANA
Rat-kangaroo, brush-tailedBettongia penicillata
......do......doE4NANA
Rat-kangaroo, desert (=plain)Caloprymnus campestris
......do......doE4NANA
Rat-kangaroo, Gaimard'sBettongia gaimardi ......do......doE6NANA
Rat-kangaroo, Lesuer'sBettongia lesueur ......do......doE4NANA
Rat-kangaroo, QueenslandBettongia tropica ......do......doE4NANA
Rhinoceros, blackDiceros bicornis Sub-Saharan Africa......doE97NANA
Rhinoceros, great IndianRhinoceros unicornis India,
Nepal......doE4NANA
Rhinoceros, JavanRhinoceros sondaicus Indonesia, Indochina, Burma,
Thailand, Sikkim, Bangladesh, Malaysia......doE3NANA
Rhinoceros, northern whiteCeratotherium simum cottoni Zaire, Sudan,
Uganda, Central African Republic......doE3NANA
Rhinoceros, SumatranDicerorhinus sumatrensis Bangladesh to Vietnam
to Indonesia (Borneo)......doE3NANA
Rice ratOryzomys palustris natator U.S.A. (FL)Lower FL Keys (west of
Seven Mile Bridge)E42117.95(a)NA
Saiga, Mongolian (antelope)Saiga tatarica mongolica
MongoliaEntireE15NANA
Saki, southern beardedChiropotes satanas satanas
Brazil......doE233NANA
Saki, white-nosedChiropotes albinasus ......do......doE3NANA
Sea-lion, StellerEumetopias jubatus U.S.A. (AK, CA, OR, WA), Canada,
Russia; North Pacific OceanEntire, except the population segment
west of 144° W. LongT384E, 408, 614226.202223.102, 223.202
Do......do......doPopulation segment west of 144° W. LongE384E ,
408, 614226.202NA
Seal, Caribbean monkMonachus tropicalis Caribbean Sea, Gulf of
MexicoEntireE1, 2D, 45NANA
Seal, Guadalupe furArctocephalus townsendi U.S.A. (Farallon Islands
of CA) south to Mexico (Islas Revillagigedo)......doT1, 2D,

212NA223.201
Seal, Hawaiian monkMonachus schauinslandi U.S.A.
(HI)......doE18226.201NA
Seal, Mediterranean monkMonachus monachus Mediterranean, Northwest
African Coast and Black Sea......doE3NANA
Seal, SaimaaPhoca hispida saimensis Finland (Lake
Saimaa)......doE508NANA
SeledangBos gaurus Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, India......doE3NANA
SerowNaemorhedus (=Capricornis) sumatraensis East Asia,
Sumatra......doE15NANA
Serval, BarbaryLeptailurus (=Felis) serval constantina
Algeria......doE3NANA
ShapoOvis vignei vignei Kashmir......doE15NANA
Sheep, bighornOvis canadensis U.S.A. (Western conterminous states),
Canada (southwestern), Mexico (northern)U.S.A. (CA) Peninsular
RangesE63417.95(a)NA
Sheep, Sierra Nevada bighornOvis canadensis californiana
......doU.S.A. (CA) Sierra NevadaE660E, 675NANA
ShouCervus elaphus wallichi Tibet, BhutanEntireE3NANA
Shrew, Buena Vista LakeSorex ornatus relictus U.S.A.
(CA)......doE72517.95(a)NA
SiamangSymphalangus syndactylus Malaysia, Indonesia......doE15NANA
SifakasPropithecus spp. Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)......doE4NANA
Sloth, Brazilian three-toedBradypus torquatus Brazil......doE3NANA
Solenodon, CubanSolenodon cubanus Cuba......doE3NANA
Solenodon, HaitianSolenodon paradoxus Dominican Republic,
Haiti......doE3NANA
Squirrel, Carolina northern flyingGlaucomys sabrinus coloratus
U.S.A. (NC, TN)......doE189NANA
Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula foxSciurus niger cinereus U.S.A.
(Delmarva Peninsula to southeastern PA)Entire, except Sussex Co.,
DEE1, 161, 168NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (DE—Sussex Co.)XN161NA17.84(a)
Squirrel, Mount Graham redTamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis U.S.A.
(AZ)EntireE26817.95(a)NA
Squirrel, northern Idaho groundSpermophilus brunneus brunneus U.S.A.
(ID)......doT693NANA
Squirrel, Virginia northern flyingGlaucomys sabrinus fuscus U.S.A.
(VA, WV)......doE189NANA
Stag, BarbaryCervus elaphus barbarus Tunisia, Algeria......doE3NANA
Stag, KashmirCervus elaphus hanglu Kashmir......doE3NANA
Suni, ZanzibarNeotragus moschatus moschatus Zanzibar (and nearby
islands)......doE50NANA
Tahr, ArabianHemitragus jayakari Oman......doE50NANA
TamarawBubalus mindorensis Philippines......doE4NANA
Tamarin, golden-rumpedLeontopithecus spp. Brazil......doE3NANA
Tamarin, piedSaguinus bicolor ......do......doE16NANA
Tamarin, white-footedSaguinus leucopus Colombia......doT16NA17.40(c)
Tapir, AsianTapirus indicus Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand......doE15NANA
Tapir, Central AmericanTapirus bairdii Southern Mexico to Colombia
and Ecuador......doE3NANA
Tapir, mountainTapirus pinchaque Colombia, Ecuador and possibly Peru
and Venezuela......doE3NANA
Tapir, South American (=Brazilian)Tapirus terrestris Colombia and
Venezuela south to Paraguay and Argentina......doE3NANA

Tarsier, PhilippineTarsius syrichta Philippines......doT16NA17.40(c)
TigerPanthera tigris Temperate and tropical Asia......doE3, 5NANA
Tiger, TasmanianThylacinus cynocephalus Australia......doE3NANA
Uakari (all species)Cacajao spp.Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia,
Venezuela......doE3NANA
UrialOvis musimon ophion Cyprus......doE15NANA
VicuñaVicugna vicugna Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador,
PeruEntire, except EcudatorT3, 724NA17.40 (m)
Do......do......doEcuadorE3, 724NANA
Vole, AmargosaMicrotus californicus scirpensis U.S.A.
(CA)EntireE16617.95(a)NA
Vole, Florida salt marshMicrotus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli U.S.A.
(FL)......doE415NANA
Vole, Hualapai MexicanMicrotus mexicanus hualpaiensis U.S.A.
(AZ)......doE292NANA
Wallaby, banded hareLagostrophus fasciatus Australia......doE4NANA
Wallaby, brindled nail-tailedOnychogalea fraenata
......do......doE4NANA
Wallaby, crescent nail-tailedOnychogalea lunata
......do......doE4NANA
Wallaby, ParmaMacropus parma ......do......doE4NANA
Wallaby, western hareLagorchestes hirsutus ......do......doE4NANA
Wallaby, yellow-footed rockPetrogale xanthopus
......do......doE6NANA
Whale, blueBalaenoptera musculus Oceanic......doE3NANA
Whale, bowheadBalaena mysticetus Oceanic (north latitudes
only)......doE3NANA
Whale, finbackBalaenoptera physalus Oceanic......doE3NANA
Whale, grayEschrichtius robustus North Pacific Ocean—coastal and
Bering Sea, formerly North Atlantic OceanEntire, except eastern
North Pacific Ocean—coastal and Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi
SeasE3, 540NANA
Whale, humpbackMegaptera novaeangliae OceanicEntireE3NA224.101,
224.103
Whale, killerOrcinus orca Pacific OceanSouthern Resident DPS, which
consists of whales from the J, K, and L pods, wherever they are
found in the wildE756NANA
Whale, North Atlantic rightEubalaena glacialis
OceanicEntireE3226.203224.103
Whale, North Pacific rightEubalaena japonica ...... do......
doE3NANA
Whale, Southern rightEubalaena australis ...... do...... doE3NANA
Whale, SeiBalaenoptera borealis ......do......doE3NANA
Whale, spermPhyseter catodon (=macrocephalus) ......do......doE3NANA
Wolf, grayCanis lupus HolarcticU.S.A., conterminous (lower 48)
States, except: (1) Where listed as an experimental population
below; (2) Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, eastern North Dakota
(that portion north and east of the Missouri River upstream to Lake
Sakakawea and east of the centerline of Highway 83 from Lake
Sakakawea to the Canadian border), eastern South Dakota (that
portion north and east of the Missouri River), northern Iowa,
northern Illinois, and northern Indiana (those portions of IA, IL,
and IN north of the centerline of Interstate Highway 80), and
northwestern Ohio (that portion north of the centerline of
Interstate Highway 80 and west of the Maumee River at Toledo); and
(3) MexicoE1, 6, 13, 15, 35, 561, 562, 631, 745NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (WY and portions of ID and MT—see 17.84(i)

and (n)XN561, 562, 745NA17.84(i)
17.84(n)
Do......do......doU.S.A. (portions of AZ, NM, and TX—see
17.84(k))XN631NA17.84(k)
Wolf, manedChrysocyon brachyurus Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Paraguay, UruguayEntireE4NANA
Wolf, redCanis rufus U.S.A. (SE U.S.A., west to central TX)Entire,
except where listed as experimental populations belowE1, 248, 449,
579NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (portions of NC and TN—see
17.84(c)(9))XN248, 449, 579NA17.84(c)
Wombat, Queensland hairy-nosed (incl. Barnard's)Lasiorhinus krefftii
(formerly L. barnardi and L. gillespiei )AustraliaEntireE4, 6NANA
Woodrat, Key LargoNeotoma floridana smalli U.S.A. (FL)......doE131E,
160NANA
Woodrat, riparian (San Joaquin Valley)Neotoma fuscipes riparia
U.S.A. (CA)......doE687NANA
Yak, wildBos mutus (=grunniens m.) China (Tibet),
India......doE3NANA
Zebra, Grevy'sEquus grevyi Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia......doT54NANA
Zebra, Hartmann's mountainEquus zebra hartmannae Namibia,
Angola......doT54, 111NANA
Zebra, mountainEquus zebra zebra South Africa......doE15, 111NANA
Birds
‘Akepa, Hawaii (honeycreeper)Loxops coccineus coccineus U.S.A.
(HI)......doE2NANA
‘Akepa, Maui (honeycreeper)Loxops coccineus ochraceus
......do......doE2NANA
‘Akialoa, Kauai (honeycreeper)Hemignathus procerus
......do......doE1NANA
‘Akiapola‘au (honeycreeper)Hemignathus munroi ......do......doE1NANA
Albatross, AmsterdamDiomedea amsterdamensis Indian Ocean—Amsterdam
Island......doE571NANA
Albatross, short-tailedPhoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus North
Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea—Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, Russia,
Taiwan, U.S.A. (AK, CA, HI, OR, WA)......doE3, 700NANA
Alethe, ThyoloAlethe choloensis Malawi, Mozambique......doE571NANA
Blackbird, yellow-shoulderedAgelaius xanthomus U.S.A.
(PR)......doE1717.95(b)NA
Bobwhite, masked (quail)Colinus virginianus ridgwayi U.S.A. (AZ),
Mexico (Sonora)......doE1, 3NANA
Booby, Abbott'sPapasula (=Sula) abbotti Indian Ocean—Christmas
Island......doE15NANA
Bristlebird, westernDasyornis longirostris (=brachypterus l.)
Australia......doE3NANA
Bristlebird, western rufousDasyornis broadbenti littoralis
......do......doE15NANA
Bulbul, Mauritius olivaceousHypsipetes borbonicus olivaceus Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Bullfinch, Sao Miguel (finch)Pyrrhula pyrrhula murina Eastern
Atlantic Ocean—Azores......doE3NANA
Bush-shrike, UluguraMalaconotus alius Tanzania......doT571NANA
Bushwren, New ZealandXenicus longipes New Zealand......doE3NANA
Bustard, great IndianArdeotis (=Choriotis) nigriceps India,
Pakistan......doE3NANA
CahowPterodroma cahow North Atlantic Ocean—Bermuda......doE3NANA
Caracara, Audubon's crestedPolyborus plancus audubonii U.S.A. (AZ,

FL, LA, NM, TX) south to Panama; CubaU.S.A. (FL)T280NANA
Condor, AndeanVultur gryphus Colombia to Chile and
ArgentinaEntireE4NANA
Condor, CaliforniaGymnogyps californianus U.S.A. (AZ, CA, OR),
Mexico (Baja California)U.S.A. only, except where listed as an
experimental population belowE1, 59717.95(b)NA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (specific portions of Arizona, Nevada,
and Utah)XN597NA17.84(j)
Coot, HawaiianFulica americana alai U.S.A. (HI)EntireE2NANA
Cotinga, bandedCotinga maculata Brazil......doE15NANA
Cotinga, white-wingedXipholena atropurpurea ......do......doE15NANA
Crane, black-neckedGrus nigricollis China (Tibet)......doE15NANA
Crane, Cuba sandhillGrus canadensis nesiotes West
Indies—Cuba......doE15NANA
Crane, hoodedGrus monacha Japan, Russia......doE4NANA
Crane, JapaneseGrus japonensis China, Japan, Korea,
Russia......doE3NANA
Crane, Mississippi sandhillGrus canadensis pulla U.S.A.
(MS)......doE617.95(b)NA
Crane, Siberian whiteGrus leucogeranus C.I.S. (Siberia) to India,
including Iran and China......doE4NANA
Crane, white-napedGrus vipio Mongolia......doE15NANA
Crane, whoopingGrus americana Canada, U.S.A. (Rocky Mountains east
to Carolinas), MexicoEntire, except where listed as an experimental
populationE1, 317.95(b)NA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL, AR, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY,
LA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NC, NM, OH, SC, TN, UT, VA, WI, WV, WY)XN487,
621, 710NA17.84(h)
Creeper, HawaiiOreomystis mana U.S.A. (HI)EntireE10NANA
Creeper, MolokaiParoreomyza flammea ......do......doE2NANA
Creeper, OahuParoreomyza maculata ......do......doE2NANA
Crow, HawaiianCorvus hawaiiensis ......do......doE1NANA
Crow, MarianaCorvus kubaryi Western Pacific Ocean USA (Guam,
Rota)......doE15617.95(b)NA
Crow, white-neckedCorvus leucognaphalus U.S.A. (PR), Dominican
Republic, Haiti......doE419NANA
Cuckoo-shrike, MauritiusCoquus typicus Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Cuckoo-shrike, ReunionCoquus newtoni Indian
Ocean—Reunion......doE3NANA
Curassow, razor-billedMitu mitu mitu Brazil (Eastern)......doE15NANA
Curassow, red-billedCrax blumenbachii Brazil......doE4NANA
Curassow, Trinidad white-headedPipile pipile pipile West
Indies—Trinidad......doE3NANA
Curlew, EskimoNumenius borealis Alaska and northern Canada to
Argentina......doE1, 3NANA
Dove, cloven-featheredDrepanoptila holosericea Southwest Pacific
Ocean—New Caledonia......doE3NANA
Dove, Grenada gray-frontedLeptotila rufaxilla wellsi West
Indies—Grenada......doE3NANA
Duck, HawaiianAnas wyvilliana U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Duck, LaysanAnas laysanensis ......do......doE1NANA
Duck, pink-headedRhodonessa caryophyllacea India......doE15NANA
Duck, white-winged woodCairina scutulata India, Malaysia, Indonesia,
Thailand......doE3NANA
Eagle, baldHaliaeetus leucocephalus North America south to northern
MexicoU.S.A., conterminous (lower 48) States.T1, 34, 580NA17.41(a)

Eagle, Greenland white-tailedHaliaeetus albicilla groenlandicus
Greenland and adjacent Atlantic islandsEntireE15NANA
Eagle, harpyHarpia harpyja Mexico south to Argentina......doE15NANA
Eagle, Madagascar seaHaliaeetus vociferoides
Madagascar......doE571NANA
Eagle, Madagascar serpentEutriorchis astur ......do......doE571NANA
Eagle, PhilippinePithecophaga jefferyi Philippines......doE3NANA
Eagle, Spanish imperialAquila heliaca adalberti Spain, Morocco,
Algeria......doE3NANA
Egret, ChineseEgretta eulophotes China, Korea......doE3NANA
Eider, spectacledSomateria fischeri U.S.A. (AK),
Russia......doT50317.95(b)NA
Eider, Steller'sPolysticta stelleri USA (AK); RussiaU.S.A. (AK
breeding population only)T61617.95(b)NA
Elepaio, OahuChasiempis sandwichensis ibidis (Chasiempis
sandwichensis gayi) U.S.A. (HI)EntireE69617.95(b)NA
Falcon, Eurasian peregrineFalco peregrinus peregrinus Europe,
Eurasia south to Africa and Mideast......doE15NANA
Falcon, northern aplomadoFalco femoralis septentrionalis U.S.A. (AZ,
NM, TX), Mexico, GuatemalaEntire, except where listed as an
experimental populationE216NANA
Falcon, northern aplomadoFalco femoralis septentrionalis
......doU.S.A. (AZ, NM)XN758NA17.84(p)
Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper)Telespyza cantans U.S.A.
(HI)EntireE1NANA
Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper)Telespyza ultima ......do......doE1NANA
Flycatcher, Euler'sEmpidonax euleri johnstonei West
Indies—Grenada......doE3NANA
Flycatcher, Seychelles paradiseTerpsiphone corvina Indian
Ocean—Seychelles......doE3NANA
Flycatcher, southwestern willowEmpidonax traillii extimus U.S.A.
(AZ, CA, CO, NM, TX, UT), Mexico......doE57717.95(b)NA
Flycatcher, TahitiPomarea nigra South Pacific
Ocean—Tahiti......doE3NANA
Fody, MauritiusFoudia rubra Indian Ocean—Mauritius......doE571NANA
Fody, RodriguesFoudia flavicans Indian Ocean—Rodrigues Island
(Mauritius)......doE571NANA
Fody, Seychelles (weaver-finch)Foudia sechellarum Indian
Ocean—Seychelles......doE3NANA
Francolin, DjiboutiFrancolinus ochropectus Djibouti......doE571NANA
Frigatebird, Andrew'sFregata andrewsi East Indian
Ocean......doE15NANA
Gnatcatcher, coastal CaliforniaPolioptila californica californica
U.S.A. (CA), Mexico......doT49617.95(b)17.41 (b)
Goose, HawaiianBranta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis U.S.A.
(HI)......doE1NANA
Goshawk, Christmas IslandAccipiter fasciatus natalis Indian
Ocean—Christmas Island......doE3NANA
Grackle, slender-billedQuisicalus palustris Mexico......doE3NANA
Grasswren, Eyrean (flycatcher)Amytornis goyderi
Australia......doE3NANA
Grebe, AlaotraTachybaptus rufoflavatus Madagascar......doE571NANA
Grebe, AtitlanPodilymbus gigas Guatemala......doE3NANA
Greenshank, Nordmann'sTringa guttifer Russia, Japan, south to
Malaya, Borneo......doE15NANA
Guan, hornedOreophasis derbianus Guatemala, Mexico......doE3NANA
Guan, white-wingedPenelope albipennis Peru......doE401NANA

Guineafowl, white-breastedAgelastes meleagrides West
Africa......doT571NANA
Gull, Audouin'sLarus audouinii Mediterranean Sea......doE3NANA
Gull, relictLarus relictus India, China......doE15NANA
Hawk, GalapagosButeo galapagoensis Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands)......doE3NANA
Hawk, HawaiianButeo solitarius U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Hawk, Puerto Rican broad-wingedButeo platypterus brunnescens U.S.A.
(PR)......doE550NANA
Hawk, Puerto Rican sharp-shinnedAccipiter striatus venator
......do......doE550NANA
Hermit, hook-billed (hummingbird)Ramphodon (=Glaucis) dohrnii
Brazil......doE15NANA
Honeycreeper, crestedPalmeria dolei U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Honeyeater, helmetedLichenostomus melanops cassidix (=Meliphaga c.)
Australia......doE4NANA
Hornbill, helmetedBuceros (=Rhinoplax) vigil Thailand,
Malaysia......doE15NANA
Ibis, Japanese crestedNipponia nippon China, Japan, Russia,
Korea......doE3NANA
Ibis, northern baldGeronticus eremita Southern Europe, southwestern
Asia, northern Africa......doE401NANA
KaguRhynochetos jubatus South Pacific Ocean—New
Caledonia......doE3NANA
KakapoStrigops habroptilus New Zealand......doE3NANA
Kestrel, MauritiusFalco punctatus Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Kestrel, SeychellesFalco araea Indian Ocean—Seychelles
Islands......doE3NANA
Kingfisher, Guam MicronesianHalcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina Western
Pacific Ocean USA (Guam)......doE15617.95(b)NA
Kite, Cuba hook-billedChondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii West
Indies—Cuba......doE3NANA
Kite, Everglade snailRostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus U.S.A. (FL),
CubaU.S.A. (FL)E117.95(b)NA
Kite, Grenada hook-billedChondrohierax uncinatus mirus West
Indies—GrenadaEntireE3NANA
Kokako (wattlebird)Callaeas cinerea New Zealand......doE3NANA
Lark, RasoAlauda razae Atlantic Ocean—Raso Island (Cape
Verde)......doE571NANA
Macaw, glaucousAnodorhynchus glaucus Paraguay, Uruguay,
Brazil......doE15NANA
Macaw, indigoAnodorhynchus leari Brazil......doE15NANA
Macaw, little blueCyanopsitta spixii ......do......doE15NANA
Magpie-robin, Seychelles (thrush)Copsychus sechellarum Indian
Ocean—Seychelles Islands......doE3NANA
Malimbe, IbadanMalimbus ibadanensis Nigeria......doE571NANA
Malkoha, red-faced (cuckoo)Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus Sri Lanka
(=Ceylon)......doE3NANA
Megapode, MaleoMacrocephalon maleo Indonesia (Celebes)......doE3NANA
Megapode, Micronesian (=La Perouse's)Megapodius laperouse West
Pacific Ocean—Palau Islands, U.S.A. (Mariana Islands)......doE3NANA
Millerbird, Nihoa (old world warbler)Acrocephalus familiaris kingi
U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Moorhen, Hawaiian commonGallinula chloropus sandvicensis U.S.A.
(HI)......doE1NANA
Moorhen, Mariana commonGallinula chloropus guami West Pacific

Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam, Tinian, Saipan, Pagan)......doE156NANA
Murrelet, marbledBrachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus U.S.A. (AK, CA,
OR, WA), Canada (B.C.)U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA)T47917.95(b)NA
Nightjar, Puerto RicanCaprimulgus noctitherus U.S.A.
(PR)EntireE6NANA
Nukupu‘u (honeycreeper)Hemignathus lucidus U.S.A. (HI)......doE1,
2NANA
Nuthatch, AlgerianSitta ledanti Algeria......doE571NANA
‘O‘o, Kauai (honeyeater)Moho braccatus U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Ostrich, ArabianStruthio camelus syriacus Jordan, Saudi
Arabia......doE3NANA
Ostrich, West AfricanStruthio camelus spatzi Spanish
Sahara......doE3NANA
‘O‘u (honeycreeper)Psittirostra psittacea U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Owl, Anjouan scopsOtus rutilus capnodes Indian Ocean—Comoro
Island......doE3NANA
Owl, giant scopsMimizuku (=Otus) gurneyi Philippines—Marinduque and
Mindanao Island......doE15NANA
Owl, Madagascar redTyto soumagnei Madagascar......doE401NANA
Owl, Mexican spottedStrix occidentalis lucida U.S.A. (AZ, CO, NM,
TX, UT), Mexico......doT49417.95(b)NA
Owl, northern spottedStrix occidentalis caurina U.S.A. (CA, OR, WA),
Canada (B.C.)......doT39317.95(b)NA
Owl, Seychelles scopsOtus magicus (=insularis) insularis Indian
Ocean—Seychelles Islands......doE3NANA
Owlet, Morden'sOtus ireneae Kenya......doE3NANA
Oystercatcher, Canarian blackHaematopus meadewaldoi Atlantic
Ocean—Canary Islands......doE571NANA
Palila (honeycreeper)Loxioides bailleui U.S.A.
(HI)......doE117.95(b)NA
Parakeet, blue-throated (=ochre-marked)Pyrrhura cruentata
Brazil......doE3NANA
Parakeet, Forbes'Cyanoramphus auriceps forbesi New
Zealand......doE3NANA
Parakeet, goldenAratinga guarouba Brazil......doE15NANA
Parakeet, golden-shoulderedPsephotus chrysopterygius
Australia......doE3NANA
Parakeet, MauritiusPsittacula echo Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Parakeet, Norfolk IslandCyanoramphus cookii (=novaezelandiae c.)
Australia (Norfolk Island)......doE401NANA
Parakeet, orange-belliedNeophema chrysogaster
Australia......doE4NANA
Parakeet, paradisePsephotus pulcherrimus ......do......doE4NANA
Parakeet, scarlet-chestedNeophema splendida ......do......doE4NANA
Parakeet, turquoiseNeophema pulchella ......do......doE3NANA
Parrot, Bahaman or CubanAmazona leucocephala West Indies—Cuba,
Bahamas, Caymans......doE3, 15NANA
Parrot, groundPezoporus wallicus Australia......doE6NANA
Parrot, imperialAmazona imperialis West
Indies—Dominica......doE3NANA
Parrot, night (=Australian)Geopsittacus occidentalis
Australia......doE3NANA
Parrot, Puerto RicanAmazona vittata U.S.A. (PR)......doE1NANA
Parrot, red-browedAmazona rhodocorytha Brazil......doE3NANA
Parrot, red-cappedPionopsitta pileata ......do......doE15NANA
Parrot, red-neckedAmazona arausiaca West

Indies—Dominica......doE50NANA
Parrot, red-spectacledAmazona pretrei pretrei Brazil,
Argentina......doE15NANA
Parrot, red-tailedAmazona brasiliensis Brazil......doE401NANA
Parrot, Seychelles lesser vasaCoracopsis nigra barklyi Indian
Ocean—Seychelles (Praslin Island)......doE571NANA
Parrot, St. VincentAmazona guildingii West Indies—St.
Vincent......doE3NANA
Parrot, St. LuciaAmazona versicolor West Indies—St.
Lucia......doE3NANA
Parrot, thick-billedRhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ,
NM)MexicoE3NANA
Parrot, vinaceous-breastedAmazona vinacea BrazilEntireE15NANA
Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper)Pseudonestor xanthophrys U.S.A.
(HI)......doE1NANA
Pelican, brownPelecanus occidentalis U.S.A (Carolinas to TX, CA, OR,
WA), West Indies, coastal Central and South AmericaEntire, except
U.S. Atlantic coast, FL, ALE2, 3, 171NANA
Penguin, GalapagosSpheniscus mendiculus Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands)EntireE3NANA
Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumpedPterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis
U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Petrel, MadeiraPterodroma madeira Atlantic Ocean—Madeira
Island......doE571NANA
Petrel, Mascarene blackPterodroma aterrima Indian Ocean—Mauritius
(Reunion Island)......doE571NANA
Pheasant, bar-tailedSyrmaticus humaie Burma, China......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Blyth's tragopanTragopan blythii Burma, China,
India......doE3NANA
Pheasant, brown earedCrossoptilon mantchuricum China......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Cabot's tragopanTragopan caboti ......do......doE3NANA
Pheasant, cheerCatreus wallichii India, Nepal,
Pakistan......doE401NANA
Pheasant, Chinese monalLophophorus lhuysii China......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Edward'sLophura edwardsi Vietnam......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Elliot'sSyrmaticus ellioti China......doE15NANA
Pheasant, imperialLophura imperialis Vietnam......doE3NANA
Pheasant, MikadoSyrmaticus mikado Taiwan......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Palawan peacockPolyplectron emphanum
Philippines......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Sclater's monalLophophorus sclateri Burma, China,
India......doE3NANA
Pheasant, Swinhoe'sLophura swinhoii Taiwan......doE3NANA
Pheasant, western tragopanTragopan melanocephalus India,
Pakistan......doE3NANA
Pheasant, white earedCrossoptilon crossoptilon China (Tibet),
India......doE4NANA
Pigeon, Azores woodColumba palumbus azorica East Atlantic
Ocean—Azores......doE3NANA
Pigeon, Chatham IslandHemiphaga novaeseelandiae chathamensis New
Zealand......doE3NANA
Pigeon, Mindoro imperial (=zone-tailed)Ducula mindorensis
Philippines......doE15NANA
Pigeon, pinkColumba mayeri Indian Ocean—Mauritius......doE571NANA
Pigeon, Puerto Rican plainColumba inornata wetmorei U.S.A.
(PR)......doE2NANA
Pigeon, white-tailed laurelColumba junoniae Atlantic Ocean—Canary

Islands......doT571NANA
Piping-guan, black-frontedPipile jacutinga Argentina......doE15NANA
Pitta, Koch'sPitta kochi Philippines......doE15NANA
Plover, New Zealand shoreThinornis novaeseelandiae New
Zealand......doE3NANA
Plover, pipingCharadrius melodus U.S.A. (Great Lakes, northern Great
Plains, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, PR, VI) Canada, Mexico, Bahamas,
West IndiesGreat Lakes, watershed in States of IL, IN, MI, MN, NY,
OH, PA, and WI and Canada (Ont.)E21117.95(b)NA
Plover, pipingCharadrius melodus U.S.A. (Great Lakes, northern Great
Plains, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, PR, VI) Canada, Mexico, Bahamas,
West IndiesNorthern Great Plains in States of MN, MT, ND, NE, and
SDT21117.95(b)NA
Do......do......doEntire, except those areas where listed as
endangered aboveT211NANA
Plover, western snowyCharadrius alexandrinus nivosus U.S.A. (AZ, CA,
CO, KS, NM, NV, OK, OR, TX, UT, WA), MexicoU.S.A. (CA, OR, WA),
Mexico (within 50 miles of Pacific coast)T49317.95(b)NA
Pochard, MadagascarAythya innotata MadagascarEntireE571NANA
Po‘ouli (honeycreeper)Melamprosops phaeosoma U.S.A.
(HI)......doE10NANA
Prairie-chicken, Attwater's greaterTympanuchus cupido attwateri
U.S.A. (TX)......doE1NANA
Quail, Merriam's MontezumaCyrtonyx montezumae merriami Mexico (Vera
Cruz)......doE15NANA
Quetzel, resplendentPharomachrus mocinno Mexico to
Panama......doE15NANA
Rail, Aukland IslandRallus pectoralis muelleri New
Zealand......doE3NANA
Rail, California clapperRallus longirostris obsoletus U.S.A.
(CA)......doE2NANA
Rail, GuamRallus owstoni Western Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam)Entire,
except RotaE146E, 156, 371NANA
Do......do......doRotaXN371NA17.84(f)
Rail, light-footed clapperRallus longirostris levipes U.S.A. (CA),
Mexico (Baja California)U.S.A. onlyE2NANA
Rail, Lord Howe woodGallirallus (=Tricholimnas) sylvestris Australia
(Lord Howe Island)EntireE15NANA
Rail, Yuma clapperRallus longirostris yumanensis Mexico, U.S.A. (AZ,
CA)U.S.A. onlyE1NANA
Rhea, lesser (incl. Darwin's)Rhea (=Pterocnemia) pennata Argentina,
Bolivia, Peru, UruguayEntireE3NANA
Robin, Chatham IslandPetroica traversi New Zealand......doE3NANA
Robin, dappled mountainArcanator orostruthus Mozambique,
Tanzania......doT571NANA
Robin, scarlet-breasted (flycatcher)Petroica multicolor multicolor
Australia (Norfolk Island)......doE3NANA
Rockfowl, grey-neckedPicathartes oreas Cameroon, Gabon......doE3NANA
Rockfowl, white-neckedPicathartes gymnocephalus Africa—Togo to
Sierra Leone......doE3NANA
Roller, long-tailed groundUratelornis chimaera Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)......doE3NANA
Scrub-bird, noisyAtrichornis clamosus Australia......doE3NANA
Scrub-jay, FloridaAphelocoma coerulescens U.S.A.
(FL)......doT267NANA
Shama, Cebu black (thrush)Copsychus niger cebuensis
Philippines......doE3NANA

Shearwater, Newell's Townsend'sPuffinus auricularis newelli U.S.A.
(HI)......doT10NANA
Shrike, San Clemente loggerheadLanius ludovicianus mearnsi U.S.A.
(CA)......doE26NANA
Siskin, redCarduelis cucullata South America......doE15NANA
Sparrow, Cape Sable seasideAmmodramus maritimus mirabilis U.S.A.
(FL)......doE117.95(b)NA
Sparrow, Florida grasshopperAmmodramus savannarum floridanus
......do......doE239NANA
Sparrow, San Clemente sageAmphispiza belli clementeae U.S.A.
(CA)......doT26NANA
Sparrowhawk, Anjouan IslandAccipiter francesii pusillus Indian
Ocean—Comoro Islands......doE3NANA
Starling, Ponape mountainAplonis pelzelni West Pacific
Ocean—Federated States of Micronesia......doE3NANA
Starling, Rothschild's (myna)Leucopsar rothschildi Indonesia
(Bali)......doE3NANA
Stilt, HawaiianHimantopus mexicanus (=himantopus) knudseni U.S.A.
(HI)......doE2NANA
Stork, oriental whiteCiconia boyciana (=ciconia b.) China, Japan,
Korea, Russia......doE3NANA
Stork, woodMycteria americana U.S.A., (CA, AZ, TX, to Carolinas),
Mexico, C. and S. AmericaU.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, SC)E142NANA
Sunbird, MarunguNectarinia prigoginei ZaireEntireE571NANA
Swiftlet, Mariana grayAerodramus vanikorensis bartschi Western
Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan,
Agiguan)......doE156NANA
Teal, Campbell Island flightlessAnas aucklandica nesiotis New
Zealand (Campbell Island)......doE15NANA
Tern, California leastSterna antillarum browni Mexico, U.S.A.
(CA)......doE2, 3NANA
Tern, leastSterna antillarum U.S.A. (Atlantic and Gulf coasts, Miss.
R. Basin, CA), Greater and Lesser Antilles, Bahamas, Mexico; winters
Central America, northern South AmericaU.S.A. (AR, CO, IA, IL, IN,
KS, KY, LA—Miss. R. and tribs. N of Baton Rouge, MS—Miss. R., MO,
MT, ND, NE, NM, OK, SD, TN, TX—except within 50 miles of
coast)E182NANA
Tern, roseateSterna dougallii dougallii Tropical and temperate
coasts of Atlantic Basin and East AfricaU.S.A. (Atlantic Coast south
to NC), Canada (Newf., N.S, Que.), BermudaE296NANA
Do......do......doWestern Hemisphere and adjacent oceans, incl.
U.S.A. (FL, PR, VI), where not listed as endangeredT296NANA
Thrasher, white-breastedRamphocinclus brachyurus West Indies—St.
Lucia, MartiniqueEntireE3NANA
Thrush, large KauaiMyadestes myadestinus U.S.A. (HI)......doE2NANA
Thrush, MolokaiMyadestes lanaiensis rutha ......do......doE2NANA
Thrush, New Zealand (wattlebird)Turnagra capensis New
Zealand......doE3NANA
Thrush, small KauaiMyadestes palmeri U.S.A. (HI)......doE1NANA
Thrush, TaitaTurdus olivaceous helleri Kenya......doE571NANA
Tinamou, solitaryTinamus solitarius Brazil, Paraguay,
Argentina......doE15NANA
Towhee, Inyo CaliforniaPipilo crissalis eremophilus U.S.A.
(CA)......doT28217.95(b)NA
Trembler, Martinique (thrasher)Cinclocerthia ruficauda gutturalis
West Indies—Martinique......doE3NANA
Turaco, Bannerman'sTauraco bannermani Cameroon......doE571NANA

Turtle-dove, SeychellesStreptopelia picturata rostrata Indian
Ocean—Seychelles......doE571NANA
Vanga, Pollen'sXenopirostris polleni Madagascar......doT571NANA
Vanga, Van Dam'sXenopirostris damii ......do......doT571NANA
Vireo, black-cappedVireo atricapillus U.S.A. (KS, LA, NE, OK, TX),
Mexico.......doE294NANA
Vireo, least Bell'sVireo bellii pusillus U.S.A. (CA),
Mexico......doE22817.95(b)NA
Wanderer, plain (collared-hemipode)Pedionomous torquatus
Australia......doE6NANA
Warbler, Aldabra (old world warbler)Nesillas aldabranus Indian
Ocean—Seychelles (Aldabra Island)......doE571NANA
Warbler (wood), Bachman'sVermivora bachmanii U.S.A. (Southeastern),
Cuba......doE1, 3NANA
Warbler (wood), Barbados yellowDendroica petechia petechia West
Indies—Barbados......doE3NANA
Warbler (wood), golden-cheekedDendroica chrysoparia U.S.A. (TX),
Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Belize......doE387E, 411NANA
Warbler (wood), Kirtland'sDendroica kirtlandii U.S.A. (principally
MI), Canada, West Indies—Bahama Islands......doE1, 3NANA
Warbler, nightingale reed, (old world warbler)Acrocephalus luscinia
West Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam, Alamagan, Saipan)......doE3, 4NANA
Warbler, Rodrigues (old world warbler)Bebrornis rodericanus
Mauritius (Rodrigues Islands)......doE3NANA
Warbler (wood), Semper'sLeucopeza semperi West Indies—St.
Lucia......doE3NANA
Warbler, Seychelles (old world warbler)Bebrornis sechellensis Indian
Ocean—Seychelles Island......doE3NANA
Wattle-eye, bandedPlatysteira laticincta Cameroon......doE571NANA
Weaver, Clarke'sPloceus golandi Kenya......doE571NANA
Whipbird, westernPsophodes nigrogularis Australia......doE3NANA
White-eye, bridledZosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus Western
Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Guam)......doE156NANA
White-eye, Norfolk IslandZosterops albogularis Indian Ocean—Norfolk
Islands......doE15NANA
White-eye, Ponape greaterRukia longirostra West Pacific
Ocean—Federated States of Micronesia......doE3NANA
White-eye, Rota bridledZosterops rotensis Western Pacific
Ocean-U.S.A (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands)......doE74117.95(b)NA
White-eye, SeychellesZosterops modesta Indian
Ocean—Seychelles......doE3NANA
Woodpecker, imperialCampephilus imperialis Mexico......doE3NANA
Woodpecker, ivory-billedCampephilus principalis U.S.A. (southcentral
and southeastern), Cuba......doE1, 3NANA
Woodpecker, red-cockadedPicoides borealis U.S.A. (southcentral and
southeastern)......doE2NANA
Woodpecker, Tristam'sDryocopus javensis richardsi
Korea......doE3NANA
Wren, Guadeloupe houseTroglodytes aedon guadeloupensis West
Indies—Guadeloupe......doE3NANA
Wren, St. Lucia houseTroglodytes aedon mesoleucus West Indies—St.
Lucia......doE3NANA
Reptiles
Alligator, AmericanAlligator mississippiensis Southeastern
U.S.A.......doT(S/A)1, 11, 20, 51, 60, 113, 134, 186, 269NA17.42(a)
Alligator, ChineseAlligator sinensis China......doE15NANA

Anole, Culebra Island giantAnolis roosevelti U.S.A. (PR—Culebra
Island)......doE2517.95(c)NA
Boa, JamaicanEpicrates subflavus Jamaica......doE3NANA
Boa, MonaEpicrates monensis monensis U.S.A.
(PR)......doT3317.95(c)NA
Boa, Puerto RicanEpicrates inornatus ......do......doE2NANA
Boa, Round Island [unnamed]Bolyeria multocarinata Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE88NANA
DoCasarea dussumieri ......do......doE88NANA
Boa, Virgin Islands treeEpicrates monensis granti U.S.A. (PR),
British Virgin Islands......doE2, 86NANA
Caiman, Apaporis RiverCaiman crocodilus apaporiensis
Colombia......doE15NANA
Caiman, blackMelanosuchus niger Amazon basin......doE15NANA
Caiman, broad-snoutedCaiman latirostris Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay,
Uruguay......doE15NANA
Caiman, brownCaiman crocodilus fuscus (includes Caiman crocodilus
chiapasius )Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela,
Peru......doT(S/A)695NA17.42(g)
Caiman, commonCaiman crocodilus crocodilus Brazil, Colombia,
Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia,
Peru......doT(S/A)695NA17.42(g)
Caiman, yacareCaiman yacare Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Paraguay......doT3, 695NA17.42(g)
Chuckwalla, San Esteban IslandSauromalus varius
Mexico......doE88NANA
Crocodile, African dwarfOsteolaemus tetraspis tetraspis West
Africa......doE15, 15ANANA
Crocodile, African slender-snoutedCrocodylus cataphractus Western
and central Africa......doE5NANA
Crocodile, AmericanCrocodylus acutus U.S.A. (FL), Mexico, Caribbean,
Central and South AmericaEntire, except in U.S.A. (FL)E87NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (FL)T1017.95(c)NA
Crocodile, AmericanCrocodylus acutus U.S.A. (FL), Mexico, Caribbean,
Central and South AmericaEntireE10, 8717.95(c)NA
Crocodile, Ceylon muggerCrocodylus palustris kimbula Sri
Lanka......doE15NANA
Crocodile, Congo dwarfOsteolaemus tetraspis osborni Congo R.
drainage......doE15NANA
Crocodile, CubanCrocodylus rhombifer Cuba......doE3NANA
Crocodile, Morelet'sCrocodylus moreletii Mexico, Belize,
Guatemala......doE3NANA
Crocodile, muggerCrocodylus palustris palustris India, Pakistan,
Iran, Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Crocodile, NileCrocodylus niloticus Africa, Middle East......doT3,
279, 334, 514, 585NA17.42(c)
Crocodile, OrinocoCrocodylus intermedius South America—Orinoco R.
basin......doE3NANA
Crocodile, PhilippineCrocodylus novaeguineae mindorensis Philippine
Islands......doE15NANA
Crocodile, saltwaterCrocodylus porosus Southeast Asia, Australia,
Papua New Guinea, Islands of the West Pacific OceanEntire, except
Papua New Guinea and AustraliaE87, 585NANA
Do......do......doAustraliaT87, 585NA17.42(c)
Crocodile, SiameseCrocodylus siamensis Southeast Asia, Malay
PeninsulaEntireE15NANA
GavialGavialis gangeticus Pakistan, Burma, Bangladesh, India,

Nepal......doE3NANA
Gecko, dayPhelsuma edwardnewtoni Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Gecko, MonitoSphaerodactylus micropithecus U.S.A.
(PR)......doE12517.95(c)NA
Gecko, Round Island dayPhelsuma guentheri Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doE3NANA
Gecko, Serpent IslandCyrtodactylus serpensinsula
......do......doT129NANA
Iguana, Acklins groundCyclura rileyi nuchalis West
Indies—Bahamas......doT129NANA
Iguana, Allen's CayCyclura cychlura inornata
......do......doT129NANA
Iguana, Andros Island groundCyclura cychlura cychlura
......do......doT129NANA
Iguana, Anegada groundCyclura pinguis West Indies—British Virgin
Islands (Anegada Island)......doE3NANA
Iguana, Barrington landConolophus pallidus Ecuador (Galapagos
Islands)......doE3NANA
Iguana, Cayman Brac groundCyclura nubila caymanensis West
Indies—Cayman Islands......doT129NANA
Iguana, Cuban groundCyclura nubila nubila Cuba......doT129NANA
Iguana, Exuma IslandCyclura cychlura figginsi West
Indies—Bahamas......doT129NANA
Iguana, Fiji bandedBrachylophus fasciatus Pacific—Fiji,
Tonga......doE88NANA
Iguana, Fiji crestedBrachylophus vitiensis
Pacific—Fiji......doE88NANA
Iguana, Grand Cayman groundCyclura nubila lewisi West Indies—Cayman
Islands......doE129NANA
Iguana, JamaicanCyclura collei West Indies—Jamaica......doE129NANA
Iguana, MayaguanaCyclura carinata bartschi West
Indies—Bahamas......doT129NANA
Iguana, Mona groundCyclura stejnegeri U.S.A. (PR—Mona
Island)......doT3317.95(c)NA
Iguana, Turks and CaicosCyclura carinata carinata West Indies—Turks
and Caicos Islands......doT129NANA
Iguana, Watling Island groundCyclura rileyi rileyi West
Indies—Bahamas......doE129NANA
Iguana, White Cay groundCyclura rileyi cristata
......do......doT129NANA
Lizard, blunt-nosed leopardGambelia silus U.S.A. (CA)......doE1NANA
Lizard, Coachella Valley fringe-toedUma inornata
......do......doT10517.95(c)NA
Lizard, Hierro giantGallotia simonyi simonyi Spain (Canary
Islands)......doE144NANA
Lizard, Ibiza wallPodarcis pityusensis Spain (Balearic
Islands)......doT144NANA
Lizard, Island nightXantusia riversiana U.S.A. (CA)......doT26NANA
Lizard, Maria Island groundCnemidophorus vanzoi West Indies—St.
Lucia (Maria Islands)......doE443NANA
Lizard, St. Croix groundAmeiva polops U.S.A.
(VI)......doE2417.95(c)NA
Monitor, desertVaranus griseus North Africa to Aral Sea, through
Central Asia to Pakistan, Northwest India......doE15NANA
Monitor, Indian (=Bengal)Varanus bengalensis Iran, Iraq, India, Sri
Lanka, Malaysia, Afghanistan, Burma, Vietnam,

Thailand......doE15NANA
Monitor, Komodo IslandVaranus komodoensis Indonesia (Komodo, Rintja,
Padar, and western Flores Island)......doE15NANA
Monitor, yellowVaranus flavescens West Pakistan through India to
Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Python, IndianPython molurus molurus Sri Lanka and
India......doE15NANA
Rattlesnake, Aruba IslandCrotalus unicolor Aruba Island (Netherland
Antilles)......doT129NANA
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosedCrotalus willardi obscurus
U.S.A. (AZ, NM), Mexico......doT4317.95(c)NA
Sea turtle, greenChelonia mydas Circumglobal in tropical and
temperate seas and oceansBreeding colony populations in FL and on
Pacific coast of MexicoE42NA224.104
Do......do......doWherever found except where listed as
endangeredT42226.20817.42(b), 223.205, 223.206, 223.207
Sea turtle, hawksbillEretmochelys imbricata Tropical
seasEntireE317.95(c), 226.209224.104
Sea turtle, Kemp's ridleyLepidochelys kempii Tropical and temperate
seas in Atlantic Basin, incl. Gulf of Mexico......doE4NA224.104
Sea turtle, leatherbackDermochelys coriacea Tropical, temperate, and
subpolar seas......doE317.95(c), 226.207224.104
Sea turtle, loggerheadCaretta caretta Circumglobal in tropical and
temperate seas and oceans......doT42NA17.42(b), 223.205, 223.206,
223.207
Sea turtle, olive ridleyLepidochelys olivacea Circumglobal in
tropical and temperate seasWherever found except where listed as
endangered belowT42NA17.42(b), 223.205, 223.206, 223.207
Do......do......doBreeding colony populations on Pacific coast
of MexicoE42NA224.104
Skink, bluetail moleEumeces egregius lividus U.S.A.
(FL)EntireT299NA17.42(d)
Skink, Round IslandLeiolopisma telfairi Indian
Ocean—Mauritius......doT129NANA
Skink, sandNeoseps reynoldsi U.S.A. (FL)......doT299NA17.42(d)
Snake, Atlantic salt marshNerodia clarkii taeniata
......do......doT30NANA
Snake, Concho waterNerodia paucimaculata U.S.A.
(TX)......doT24117.95(c)NA
Snake, copperbelly waterNerodia erythrogaster neglecta U.S.A. (IL,
IN, KY, MI, OH)IN north of 40° N. Lat., MI, OHT607NANA
Snake, eastern indigoDrymarchon corais couperi U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA,
MS, SC)EntireT32NANA
Snake, giant garterThamnophis gigas U.S.A. (CA)......doT522NANA
Snake, Lake Erie waterNerodia sipedon insularum U.S.A. (OH), Canada
(Ont.)Lake Erie offshore islands and their adjacent waters (located
more than 1 mile from mainland)—U.S.A. (OH), Canada (Ont.)T665NANA
Snake, Maria IslandLiophus ornatus West Indies—St. Lucia (Maria
Islands)EntireE443NANA
Snake, San Francisco garterThamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia U.S.A.
(CA)......doE1NANA
TartarugaPodocnemis expansa South America—Orinoco R. and Amazon R.
basins......doE3NANA
Terrapin, riverBatagur baska Malaysia, Bangladesh, Burma, India,
Indonesia......doE3NANA
TomistomaTomistoma schlegelii Malaysia, Indonesia......doE15NANA
Tortoise, angulatedGeochelone yniphora Malagasy Republic

(=Madagascar)......doE15NANA
Tortoise, BolsonGopherus flavomarginatus Mexico......doE46NANA
Tortoise, desertGopherus agassizii U.S.A. (AZ, CA, NV, UT),
MexicoEntire, except AZ south and east of Colorado R., and
MexicoT103, 357E, 37817.95(c)NA
Do......do......doAZ south and east of Colorado R., and Mexico,
when found outside of Mexico or said range in AZT(S/A)378NA17.42(e)
Tortoise, GalapagosGeochelone nigra (=elephantopus) Ecuador
(Galapagos Islands)EntireE3NANA
Tortoise, gopherGopherus polyphemus U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS,
SC)Wherever found west of Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers in AL, MS, and
LAT281NANA
Tortoise, Madagascar radiatedGeochelone radiata Malagasy Republic
(=Madagascar)EntireE3NANA
TracajaPodocnemis unifilis South America—Orinoco R. and Amazon R.
basins......doE3NANA
TuataraSphenodon punctatus New Zealand......doE3, 630NANA
Tuatara, Brother's IslandSphenodon guntheri New Zealand (N.
Brother's Island)......doE3, 630NANA
Turtle, Alabama redbellyPseudemys alabamensis U.S.A.
(AL)......doE278NANA
Turtle, aquatic boxTerrapene coahuila Mexico......doE6NANA
Turtle, black softshellTrionyx nigricans Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Turtle, bog (=Muhlenberg)Clemmys muhlenbergii U.S.A. (CT, DE, GA,
MA, MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA)Entire, except GA, NC, SC, TN,
VAT626NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (GA, NC, SC, TN, VA)T(S/A)626NA17.42(f)
Turtle, Brazilian sideneckPhrynops hogei BrazilEntireE443NANA
Turtle, Burmese peacockMorenia ocellata Burma......doE15NANA
Turtle, Cat IslandTrachemys terrapen West Indies—Jamaica, BahamasCat
Island in the BahamasE443NANA
Turtle, Central American riverDermatemys mawii Mexico, Belize,
GuatemalaEntireE129NANA
Turtle, Cuatro Cienegas softshellTrionyx ater Mexico......doE15NANA
Turtle, flattened muskSternotherus depressus U.S.A. (AL)Black
Warrior R. system upstream from Bankhead DamT272NANA
Turtle, geometricPsammobates geometricus South AfricaEntireE15NANA
Turtle, Inagua IslandTrachemys stejnegeri malonei West
Indies—Bahamas (Great Inagua Island)......doE443NANA
Turtle, Indian sawbackKachuga tecta tecta India......doE15NANA
Turtle, Indian softshellTrionyx gangeticus Pakistan,
India......doE15NANA
Turtle, peacock softshellTrionyx hurum India,
Bangladesh......doE15NANA
Turtle, Plymouth redbellyPseudemys rubriventris bangsi U.S.A.
(MA)......doE9017.95(c)NA
Turtle, ringed mapGraptemys oculifera U.S.A. (LA,
MS)......doT250NANA
Turtle, short-necked or western swampPseudemydura umbrina
Australia......doE3NANA
Turtle, South American red-linedTrachemys scripta callirostris
Colombia, Venezuela......doE443NANA
Turtle, spotted pondGeoclemys hamiltonii North India,
Pakistan......doE15NANA
Turtle, three-keeled AsianMelanochelys tricarinata Central India to
Bangladesh and Burma......doE15NANA
Turtle, yellow-blotched mapGraptemys flavimaculata U.S.A.

(MS)......doT416NANA
Viper, Lar ValleyVipera latifii Iran......doE129NANA
Whipsnake, Alameda (=striped racer)Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus
U.S.A. (CA)......doT62817.95(c)NA
Amphibians
Coqui, goldenEleutherodactylus jasperi U.S.A.
(PR)......doT2917.95(d)NA
Frog, California red-leggedRana aurora draytonii U.S.A. (CA),
Mexico......doT58317.95(d)17.43
Frog, Chiricahua leopardRana chiricahuensis U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico......doT726NA§17.43(b)
Frog, GoliathConraua goliath Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon......doT566NANA
Frog, Israel paintedDiscoglossus nigriventer Israel......doE3NANA
Frog, Mississippi gopherRana capitol sevosa U.S.A. (AL, FL, LA,
MS)Wherever found west of Mobile and Tombigbee Rivers in Al, MS, and
LAE718NANA
Frog, mountain yellow-legged (southern California DPS)Rana muscosa
U.S.A. (California, Nevada)U.S.A., southern CaliforniaE72817.95(d)NA
Frog, Panamanian goldenAtelopus varius zeteki PanamaEntireE15NANA
Frog, Stephen IslandLeiopelma hamiltoni New Zealand......doE3NANA
GuajónEleutherodactylus cooki U.S.A. (PR)......doT617NANA
Salamander, Barton SpringsEurycea sosorum U.S.A.
(TX)......doE612NANA
Salamander, California tigerAmbystoma californiense U.S.A.
(CA)U.S.A. (CA—California)T667E, 702, 74417.95(d)17.43(c)
Salamander, Cheat MountainPlethodon nettingi U.S.A.
(WV)EntireT358NANA
Salamander, Chinese giantAndrias davidianus (=davidianus d.) Western
China......doE15NANA
Salamander, desert slenderBatrachoseps aridus U.S.A.
(CA)......doE6NANA
Salamander, flatwoodsAmbystoma cingulatum U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA,
SC)......doT658NANA
Salamander, Japanese giantAndrias japonicus (=davidianus j.)
Japan......doE15NANA
Salamander, Red HillsPhaeognathus hubrichti U.S.A.
(AL)......doT19NANA
Salamander, San MarcosEurycea nana U.S.A.
(TX)......doT9817.95(d)17.43(a)
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toedAmbystoma macrodactylum croceum
U.S.A. (CA)......doE1NANA
Salamander, ShenandoahPlethodon shenandoah U.S.A.
(VA)......doE358NANA
Salamander, Sonoran tigerAmbystoma tigrinum stebbinsi U.S.A. (AZ),
Mexico......doE600NANA
Salamander, Texas blindTyphlomolge rathbuni U.S.A.
(TX)......doE1NANA
Toad, arroyo (=arroyo southwestern)Bufo californicus U.S.A. (CA),
Mexico.......doE56817.95(d)NA
Toad, CameroonBufo superciliaris Equatorial Africa......doE15NANA
Toad, HoustonBufo houstonensis U.S.A. (TX)......doE217.95(d)NA
Toad, Monte Verde goldenBufo periglenes Costa Rica......doE15NANA
Toad, Puerto Rican crestedPeltophryne lemur U.S.A. (PR), British
Virgin Islands......doT283NANA
Toad, WyomingBufo hemiophrys baxteri U.S.A. (WY)......doE138NANA
Toads, African viviparousNectophrynoides spp.Tanzania, Guinea, Ivory

Coast, Cameroon, Liberia, Ethiopia......doE15NANA
Fishes
Ala Balik (trout)Salmo platycephalus Turkey......doE3NANA
Ayumodoki (loach)Hymenophysa curta Japan......doE3NANA
Blindcat, Mexican (catfish)Prietella phreatophila
Mexico......doE3NANA
Bonytongue, AsianScleropages formosus Thailand, Indonesia,
Malaysia......doE15NANA
CatfishPangasius sanitwongsei Thailand......doE3NANA
Catfish, Thailand giantPangasianodon gigas ......do......doE3NANA
Catfish, YaquiIctalurus pricei U.S.A. (AZ),
Mexico......doT15717.95(e)17.44(h)
Cavefish, AlabamaSpeoplatyrhinus poulsoni U.S.A. (AL)......doE28,
32817.95(e)NA
Cavefish, OzarkAmblyopsis rosae U.S.A. (AR, MO, OK)......doT164NANA
Chub, bonytailGila elegans U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NV, UT,
WY)......doE9217.95(e)NA
Chub, Borax LakeGila boraxobius U.S.A. (OR)......doE94E,
12417.95(e)NA
Chub, ChihuahuaGila nigrescens U.S.A. (NM), Mexico
(Chihuahua)......doT132NA17.44(g)
Chub, GilaGila intermedia U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico.......doE75517.95(e)NA
Chub, humpbackGila cypha U.S.A. (AZ, CO, UT, WY)......doE117.95(e)NA
Chub, Hutton tuiGila bicolor ssp. U.S.A. (OR)......doT174NA17.44(j)
Chub, Mohave tuiGila bicolor mohavensis U.S.A. (CA)......doE2NANA
Chub, OregonOregonichthys crameri U.S.A. (OR)......doE520NANA
Chub, Owens tuiGila bicolor snyderi U.S.A.
(CA)......doE19517.95(e)NA
Chub, Pahranagat roundtailGila robusta jordani U.S.A.
(NV)......doE2NANA
Chub, slenderErimystax cahni U.S.A. (TN,
VA)......doT2817.95(e)17.44(c)
Chub, SonoraGila ditaenia U.S.A. (AZ),
Mexico......doT22717.95(e)17.44(o)
Chub, spotfin (=turquoise shiner)Erimonax monachus U.S.A. (AL, GA,
NC, TN, VA)Entire, except where listed as an experimental
populationT28, 73217.95(e)17.44(c)
Do......do......doTellico River, from the backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir (about Tellico River mile 19 (30 km)) upstream to
Tellico River mile 33 (53 km), in Monroe County, TNXN732NA17.84(m)
Do......do......doShoal Creek (from Shoal Creek mile 41.7 (66.7
km)) at the mouth of Long Branch, Lawrence County, TN, downstream to
the backwaters of Wilson Reservoir (Shoal Creek mile 14 (22 km)) at
Goose Shoals, Lauderdale County, AL, including the lower 5 miles (8
km) of all tributaries that enter this reachXN747NA17.84(o)
Chub, Virgin RiverGila robusta semidnuda U.S.A. (AZ, NV,
UT)EntireE36117.95(e)NA
Chub, YaquiGila purpurea U.S.A. (AZ), Mexico......doE15717.95(e)NA
Cicek (minnow)Acanthorutilus handlirschi Turkey......doE3NANA
Cui-uiChasmistes cujus U.S.A. (NV)......doE1NANA
Dace, Ash Meadows speckledRhinichthys osculus nevadensis
......do......doE117E, 127E, 13017.95(e)NA
Dace, blacksidePhoxinus cumberlandensis U.S.A. (KY,
TN)......doT273NANA
Dace, Clover Valley speckledRhinichthys osculus oligoporus U.S.A.
(NV)......doE370NANA

Dace, desertEremichthys acros ......do......doT1, 2D,
21017.95(e)17.44(m)
Dace, Foskett speckledRhinichthys osculus ssp.U.S.A.
(OR)......doT174NA17.44(j)
Dace, Independence Valley speckledRhinichthys osculus lethoporus
U.S.A. (NV)......doE370, 372NANA
Dace, Kendall Warm SpringsRhinichthys osculus thermalis U.S.A.
(WY)......doE2NANA
Dace, MoapaMoapa coriacea U.S.A. (NV)......doE1NANA
Darter, amberPercina antesella U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)......doE19617.95(e)NA
Darter, bayouEtheostoma rubrum U.S.A. (MS)......doT10NA17.44(b)
Darter, bluemaskEtheostoma sp.U.S.A. (TN)......doE525NANA
Darter, boulderEtheostoma wapiti U.S.A. (AL, TN)Entire, except where
listed as an experimental populationE322NANA
Do......do......doShoal Creek (from Shoal Creek mile 41.7 (66.7
km)) at the mouth of Long Branch, Lawrence County, TN, downstream to
the backwaters of Wilson Reservoir (Shoal Creek mile 14 (22 km)) at
Goose Shoals, Lauderdale County, AL, including the lower 5 miles (8
km) of all tributaries that enter this reachXN747NA17.84(o)
Darter, CherokeeEtheostoma scotti U.S.A. (GA)EntireT569NANA
Darter, duskytailEtheostoma percnurum U.S.A. (TN, VA)Entire, except
where listed as an experimental populationE502, 732NANA
Do......do......doTellico River, from the backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir (about Tellico River mile 19 [30.4 km]) upstream
to Tellico River mile 33 (52.8 km), in Monroe County,
TNXN732NA17.84(m)
Darter, EtowahEtheostoma etowahae U.S.A. (GA)EntireE569NANA
Darter, fountainEtheostoma fonticola U.S.A. (TX)......doE217.95(e)NA
Darter, goldlinePercina aurolineata U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)......doT462NANA
Darter, leopardPercina pantherina U.S.A. (AR,
OK)......doT3117.95(e)17.44(d)
Darter, MarylandEtheostoma sellare U.S.A. (MD)......doE117.95(e)NA
Darter, NianguaEtheostoma nianguae U.S.A.
(MO)......doT18517.95(e)17.44(k)
Darter, OkaloosaEtheostoma okaloosae U.S.A. (FL)......doE6NANA
Darter, relictEtheostoma chienense U.S.A. (KY)......doE525NANA
Darter, slackwaterEtheostoma boschungi U.S.A. (AL,
TN)......doT2817.95(e)17.44(c)
Darter, snailPercina tanasi U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN)......doT12, 150NANA
Darter vermilionEtheostoma chermocki U.S.A. (AL)......doE715NANA
Darter, watercressEtheostoma nuchale ......do......doE2NANA
Gambusia, Big BendGambusia gaigei U.S.A. (TX)......doE1NANA
Gambusia, Clear CreekGambusia heterochir ......do......doE1NANA
Gambusia, PecosGambusia nobilis U.S.A. (NM, TX)......doE2NANA
Gambusia, San MarcosGambusia georgei U.S.A.
(TX)......doE9817.95(e)NA
Goby, tidewaterEucyclogobius newberryi U.S.A.
(CA)......doE52717.95(e)NA
Logperch, ConasaugaPercina jenkinsi U.S.A. (GA,
TN)......doE19617.95(e)NA
Logperch, RoanokePercina rex U.S.A. (VA)......doE359NANA
Madtom, NeoshoNoturus placidus U.S.A. (KS, MO, OK)......doT388NANA
Madtom, pygmyNoturus stanauli U.S.A. (TN)......doE502NANA
Madtom, SciotoNoturus trautmani U.S.A. (OH)......doE10NANA
Madtom, smokyNoturus baileyi U.S.A. (TN)Entire, except where listed

as an experimental populationE163, 73217.95(e)NA
Do......do......doTellico River, from the backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir (about Tellico River mile 19 [30.4 km]) upstream
to Tellico River mile 33 (52.8 km), in Monroe County,
TNXN732NA17.84(m)
Madtom, yellowfinNoturus flavipinnis U.S.A. (TN, VA)Entire, except
where listed as an experimental populationT28, 317,
73217.95(e)17.44(c)
Do......do......doN. Fork Holston River Watershed, VA, TN; S.
Fork Holston R., up-stream to Ft. Patrick Henry Dam, TN; Holston R.
down-stream to John Sevier Detention Lake Dam, TN; and all
tributaries theretoXN317NA17.84(e)
Do......do......doTellico River, from the backwaters of the
Tellico Reservoir (about Tellico River mile 19 [30.4 km]) upstream
to Tellico River mile 33 (52.8 km), in Monroe County,
TNXN732NA17.84(e)
Minnow, Devils RiverDionda diaboli U.S.A. (TX), MexicoEntireT669NANA
Minnow, loachRhinichthys cobitis U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico......doT24717.95(e)17.44(q)
Minnow, Rio Grande silveryHybognathus amarus U.S.A. (NM, TX),
Mexico......doE54317.95(e)NA
Nekogigi (catfish)Coreobagrus ichikawai Japan......doE3NANA
Pikeminnow (=squawfish), ColoradoPtychocheilus lucius U.S.A. (AZ,
CA, CO, NM, NV, UT, WY), MexicoEntire, except Salt and Verde R.
drainages, AZE1, 19317.95(e)NA
Do......do......doSalt and Verde R. drainages, AZXN193NA17.84(b)
Poolfish, PahrumpEmpetrichthys latos U.S.A. (NV)EntireE1NANA
Pupfish, Ash Meadows AmargosaCyprinodon nevadensis mionectes
......do......doE117E, 127E, 13017.95(e)NA
Pupfish, Comanche SpringsCyprinodon elegans U.S.A.
(TX)......doE1NANA
Pupfish, desertCyprinodon macularius U.S.A. (AZ, CA)
Mexico......doE22217.95(e)NA
Pupfish, Devils HoleCyprinodon diabolis U.S.A. (NV)......doE1NANA
Pupfish, Leon SpringsCyprinodon bovinus U.S.A.
(TX)......doE10217.95(e)NA
Pupfish, OwensCyprinodon radiosus U.S.A. (CA)......doE1NANA
Pupfish, Warm SpringsCyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis U.S.A.
(NV)......doE2NANA
Salmon, AtlanticSalmo salar U.S.A., Canada, Greenland, western
EuropeU.S.A., ME Gulf of Maine Atlantic Salmon Distinct Population
Segment, which includes all naturally reproducing wild populations
and those river-specific hatchery populations of Atlantic salmon
having historical, river-specific characteristics found north of and
including tributaries of the lower Kennebec River to, but not
including, the mouth of the St. Croix River at the U.S.-Canada
border. To date, the Services have determined that these populations
are found in the Dennys, East Machias, Machias, Pleasant,
Narraguagus, Sheepscot, and Ducktrap Rivers and in Cove Brook,
Maine.E705NANA
Salmon, chinookOncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha North America from
Ventura R. in California to Point Hope, Alaska, and the Mackenzie R.
area in Canada; Northeast Asia from Hokkaido, Japan, to the Anadyr
R., RussiaSacramento R. (U.S.A.-CA) winter run, wherever foundE383E,
407, 534226.204NA
Do......do......doSnake R. (U.S.A.—ID, OR, WA) mainstem and the
following subbasins—Tucannon R., Grande Ronde R., Imnaha R., Salmon

R, and Clearwater R.; fall run, natural population(s), wherever
foundT516, 557E226.205NA
Do......do......doSnake R. (U.S.A.—ID,OR,WA) mainstem and the
following subbasins—Tucannon R., Grande Ronde R., Imnaha R., and
Salmon R.; spring/summer run, natural population(s), wherever
foundT516, 557E226.205NA
Do......do......doU.S.A.(OR, WA) all naturally spawned
populations from the Columbia R. and its tributaries upstream from
its mouth to a point east of the Hood R. and White Salmon R. to
Willamette Falls in Oregon, excluding the spring run in the
Clackamas R.T664226.212223.203
Do......do......doU.S.A.(WA) all naturally spawned populations
in the Columbia R. tributaries upstream of Rock Island Dam and
downstream of Chief Joseph Dam, excluding the Okanogan R., and the
Columbia R. from a line between the west end of Clatsop jetty, OR,
and the west end of Peacock jetty, WA, upstream to Chief Joseph Dam,
including spring-run hatchery stocks (and their progeny) in Chiwawa
R., Methow R., Twisp R., Chewuch R., White R. and Nason
CreekT664226.212NA
Do......do......doU.S.A.(CA) from Redwood Creek south to Russian
R., inclusive, all naturally spawned populations in mainstems and
tributariesT674226.212NA
Do......do......doU.S.A.(CA) all naturally spawned spring-run
populations from the Sacramento San Joaquin R. mainstem and its
tributariesT674226.212NA
Do......do......doU.S.A.(OR) all naturally spawned populations
in the Clackamas R. and the Willamette R. and its tributaries above
Willamette FallsT664226.212223.203
Do......do......doU.S.A.(WA) all naturally spawned populations
from rivers and streams flowing into Puget Sound, including the
Straits of Juan De Fuca from the Elwha R. eastward, and Hood Canal,
South Sound, North Sound and the Strait of GeorgiaT664226.212223.203
Salmon, chumOncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta North Pacific Rim from Korea
and the Japanese Island of Honshu east to Monterey Bay California;
Arctic Ocean from the Laptev Sea in Russia to Mackenzie R. in
CanadaU.S.A. (OR, WA) all naturally spawned populations in the
Columbia R. and its tributariesT664226.212223.203
Do......do......doU.S.A. (WA) all naturally spawned summer-run
populations in Hood Canal and its tributaries and Olympic Penninsula
rivers between Hood Canal and Dungeness BayT664226.212223.203
Salmon, cohoOncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch North Pacific Basin from
U.S.A. (CA to AK) to Russia and JapanU.S.A. (CA), naturally spawning
populations in streams between Punta Gorda, Humboldt Co., CA and the
San Lorenzo River, Santa Cruz, Co., CAT598NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (natural populations in river basins
between Cape Blanco in Curry County, OR and Punta Gorda in Humboldt
Co., CA)T618226.212NA
Salmon, sockeyeOncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka North Pacific Basin from
U.S.A. (CA) to RussiaU.S.A. (Snake River, ID stock wherever
found.)E455226.205NA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (WA) all naturally spawned populations
in Ozette Lake and its tributary streamsT664226.212223.203
Sawfish, smalltoothPristis pectinata North Atlantic (Mediterranean,
U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico) and the Southwest AtlanticU.S.A.
(Gulf of Mexico from Texas to Florida and along the east coast from
Florida to Cape Hatteras)E748NANA
Sculpin, pygmyCottus pygmaeus U.S.A. (AL)EntireT365NA17.44(u)

Shiner, Arkansas RiverNotropis girardi U.S.A. (AR, KS, NM, OK,
TX)Arkansas River Basin (AR, KS, NM, OK, TXT65317.95(e)NA
Shiner, beautifulCyprinella formosa U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
MexicoEntireT15717.95(e)17.44(h)
Shiner, blueCyprinella caerulea U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN)......doT462NANA
Shiner, CahabaNotropis cahabae U.S.A. (AL)......doE405NANA
Shiner, Cape FearNotropis mekistocholas U.S.A.
(NC)......doE29017.95(e)NA
Shiner, palezoneNotropis albizonatus. U.S.A. (AL, KY,
TN)......doE502NANA
Shiner, Pecos bluntnoseNotropis simus pecosensis U.S.A.
(NM)......doT25817.95(e)17.44(r)
Shiner, Topeka( Notropis topeka = tristis )U.S.A. (IA, KS, MN, MO,
NE, SD)......doE65417.95(e)NA
Silverside, WaccamawMenidia extensa U.S.A.
(NC)......doT26517.95(e)17.44(s)
Smelt, deltaHypomesus transpacificus U.S.A.
(CA)......doT49217.95(e)NA
SpikedaceMeda fulgida U.S.A. (AZ, NM),
Mexico......doT23617.95(e)17.44(p)
Spinedace, Big SpringLepidomeda mollispinis pratensis U.S.A.
(NV)......doT17317.95(e)17.44(i)
Spinedace, Little ColoradoLepidomeda vittata U.S.A. (AZ)......doT1,
2D, 28717.95(e)17.44(t)
Spinedace, White RiverLepidomeda albivallis U.S.A.
(NV)......doE20317.95(e)NA
Springfish, Hiko White RiverCrenichthys baileyi grandis U.S.A.
(NV)......doE20617.95(e)NA
Springfish, Railroad ValleyCrenichthys nevadae
......do......doT22417.95(e)17.44(n)
Springfish, White RiverCrenichthys baileyi baileyi
......do......doE20617.95(e)NA
SteelheadOncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss North Pacific Ocean from the
Kamchatka Peninsula in Asia to the northern Baja PeninsulaAll
naturally spawned populations (and their progeny) in rivers from the
Santa Maria R., San Luis Obispo County, CA (inclusive) to Malibu
Cr., Los Angeles County, CA (inclusive)E638226.212NA
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in the Upper Columbia R. Basin upstream from the Yakima R.,
WA, to the U.S./Canada border, and also including the Wells Hatchery
stockE638226.212NA
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in streams from the Russian R. to Aptos Cr., Santa Cruz
County, CA (inclusive), and the drainages of San Francisco and San
Pablo Bays eastward to the Napa R. (inclusive), Napa County, CA,
excluding the Sacramento-San Joaquin R. Basin of the Central Valley
of CAT638226.212223.203
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in streams from the Pajaro R. (inclusive) located in Santa
Cruz County, CA, to (but not including) the Santa Maria
RT638226.212223.203
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in streams in the Snake R. Basin of southeast WA, northeast
OR, and IDT638226.212223.203
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in streams and tributaries to the Columbia R. between the
Cowlitz and Wind Rivers, WA, inclusive, and the Willamette and Hood

Rivers, OR, inclusive, excluding the Upper Willamette River Basin
above Willamette Falls and excluding the Little and Big White Salmon
Rivers in WAT638226.212223.203
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their
tributaries, excluding San Francisco and San Pablo Bays and their
tributariesT638226.212223.203
Do......do......doU.S.A. (OR, WA) All naturally spawned
populations in streams above and excluding the Wind R. in
Washington, and the Hood R. in Oregon, upstream to, and including,
the Yakima R. Excluded are steelhead from the Snake R.
Basin.T664226.212223.203
Do......do......doU.S.A. (OR) All naturally spawned winter-run
populations in the Willamette R. and its tributaries from Willamette
Falls to the Calapooia R., inclusiveT664226.212223.203
Do......do......doAll naturally spawned populations (and their
progeny) in river basins from Redwood Creek in Humboldt County, CA,
to the Gualala River, in Mendocino County, CA (inclusive)T701NANA
Stickleback, unarmored threespineGasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni
U.S.A. (CA)EntireE2NANA
Sturgeon, AlabamaScaphirhynchus suttkusi U.S.A. (AL,
MS)......doE697NANA
Sturgeon, belugaHuso huso Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Islamic
Republic of Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania,
Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine......doT743NA17.44 (y)
Sturgeon, GulfAcipenser oxyrinchus (=oxyrhynchus) desotoi U.S.A.
(AL, FL, GA, LA, MS)......doT44417.95(e), 226.21417.44(v)
Sturgeon, North America greenAcipenser medirostris U.S.A. (CA)U.S.A.
(CA) Southern Distinct Population Segment, which includes all
spawning populations south of the Eel River (exclusive), principally
including the Sacramento River spawning populationT756NANA
Sturgeon, pallidScaphirhynchus albus U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA,
MO, MS, MT, ND, NE, SD, TN)EntireE399NANA
Sturgeon, shortnoseAcipenser brevirostrum U.S.A. and Canada
(Atlantic Coast)......doE1NANA
Sturgeon, whiteAcipenser transmontanus U.S.A. (AK, CA, ID, MT, OR,
WA), Canada (BC)U.S.A. (ID, MT), Canada (BC), (Kootenai R.
system)E54917.95(e)NA
Sucker, JuneChasmistes liorus U.S.A. (UT)EntireE22317.95(e)NA
Sucker, Lost RiverDeltistes luxatus U.S.A. (CA, OR)......doE313NANA
Sucker, ModocCatostomus microps U.S.A. (CA)......doE18417.95(e)NA
Sucker, razorbackXyrauchen texanus U.S.A. (AZ, CA, CO, NM, NV, UT,
WY), Mexico......doE44717.95(e)NA
Sucker, Santa Ana( Catostomus santaanae )U.S.A. (CA)Los Angeles
River basin, San Gabriel River basin, Santa Ana River
basinT69417.95(e)NA
Sucker, shortnoseChasmistes brevirostris U.S.A. (CA,
OR)EntireE313NANA
Sucker, WarnerCatostomus warnerensis U.S.A.
(OR)......doT20517.95(e)17.44(l)
Tango, Miyako (Tokyo bitterling)Tanakia tanago Japan......doE3NANA
Temoleh, Ikan (minnow)Probarbus jullieni Thailand, Cambodia,
Vietnam, Malaysia, Laos......doE15NANA
Topminnow, Gila (incl. Yaqui)Poeciliopsis occidentalis U.S.A. (AZ,
NM), MexicoU.S.A. onlyE1NANA

Totoaba (seatrout or weakfish)Cynoscion macdonaldi Mexico (Gulf of
California)EntireE48NANA
Trout, ApacheOncorhynchus apache U.S.A. (AZ)......doT1, 8NA17.44(a)
Trout, bullSalvelinus confluentus U.S.A. (AK, Pacific NW into CA,
ID, NV, MT), Canada (NW Territories)U.S.A, coterminous (lower 48
states)T637, 639E, 659, 67017.95(e)17.44(w), 17.44(x)
Trout, GilaOncorhynchus gilae U.S.A. (AZ, NM)EntireT1, 757NA17.44(z)
Trout, greenback cutthroatOncorhynchus clarki stomias U.S.A.
(CO)......doT1, 38NA17.44(f)
Trout, Lahontan cutthroatOncorhynchus clarki henshawi U.S.A. (CA,
NV, OR, UT)......doT2, 8NA17.44(a)
Trout, Little Kern goldenOncorhynchus aguabonita whitei U.S.A.
(CA)......doT3717.95(e)17.44(e)
Trout, Paiute cutthroatOncorhynchus clarki seleniris
......do......doT1, 8NA17.44(a)
WoundfinPlagopterus argentissimus U.S.A. (AZ, NV, UT)Entire, except
Gila R. drainage, AZ, NME2, 19317.95(e)NA
Do......do......doGila R. drainage, AZ, NMXN193NA17.84(b)
Clams
Abalone, whiteHaliotis sorenseni North America (West coast from
Point Conception, CA, U.S.A., to Punta Abreojos, Baja California,
Mexico)NAE748NANA
Acornshell, southernEpioblasma othcaloogensis U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Bankclimber, purple (mussel)Elliptoideus sloatianus U.S.A. (AL, GA,
FL)EntireT633NANA
Bean, Cumberland (pearlymussel)Villosa trabalis U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN,
VA)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Bean, PurpleVillosa perpurpurea U.S.A. (TN, VA)NAE60217.95 (f)NA
Blossom, green (pearlymussel)Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum
......doEntireE15NANA
Blossom, tuberoled (pearlmyussel)Epioblasma torulosa torulosa U.S.A.
(AL, IL, IN, KY, TN, WV)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Blossom, turgid (pearlymussel)Epioblasma turgidula U.S.A. (AL,
TN)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Blossom, yellow (pearlymussel)Epioblasma florentina florentina
......doNAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)

Catspaw, (=purple cat's paw pearlymussel)Epioblasma U.S.A. (AL, IL,
IN, KY, OH, TN)NAE394NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Catspaw, white (pearlymussel)Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua U.S.A.
(IN, MI, OH)EntireE15NANA
ClubshellPleurobema clava U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, MI, OH, PA, TN,
WV)NAE488NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Clubshell, blackPleurobema curtum U.S.A. (AL, MS)EntireE262NANA
Clubshell, ovatePleurobema perovatum U.S.A. (AL, TN, GA,
MS)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Clubshell, southernPleurobema decisum ......doNAE49517.95 (f)NA
Combshell, CumberlandianEpioblasma brevidens U.S.A. (AL, KY, MS, TN,
VA)NAE60217.95 (f)NA
Combshell, southernEpioblasma (=Dysnomia) penita U.S.A. (AL,
MS)EntireE262NANA
Combshell, uplandEpioblasma metastriata U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Elktoe, AppalachianAlasmidonta raveneliana U.S.A. (NC,
TN)EntireE56317.95(f)NA
Elktoe, CumberlandAlasmidonta atropurpurea U.S.A. (KY,
TN)NAE60217.95(f)NA
FanshellCyprogenia stegaria (=irrorata) U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, OH,
PA, TN, VA, WV)EntireE391NANA
Fatmucket, ArkansasLampsilis powelli U.S.A. (AR)......doT382NANA
Heelsplitter, Alabama (=inflated)Potamilus inflatus U.S.A. (AL, LA,
MS)......doT404NANA
Heelsplitter, CarolinaLasmigona decorata U.S.A. (NC,
SC)......doE50517.95(f)NA
Higgins eye (pearlymussel)Lampsilis higginsii U.S.A. (IA, IL, MN,
MO, NE, WI)......doE15NANA
Kidneyshell, triangularPtychobranchus greenii U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Lampmussel, AlabamaLampsilis virescens U.S.A. (AL, TN)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Lilliput, pale (pearlymussel)Toxolasma cylindrellus
......doEntireE15NANA
Mapleleaf, winged (mussel)Quadrula fragosa U.S.A. (AL, IA, IL, IN,
KY, MN, MO, NE, OH, OK, TN, WI)NAE426NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Moccasinshell, AlabamaMedionidus acutissimus U.S.A. (AL, GA,

MS)NAT49517.95 (f)NA
Moccasinshell, CoosaMedionidus parvulus U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Moccasinshell, GulfMedionidus penicillatus U.S.A. (AL, FL,
GA)EntireE633NANA
Moccasinshell, OchlockoneeMedionidus simpsonianus U.S.A. (FL,
GA)......doE633NANA
Monkeyface, Appalachian (pearlymussel)Quadrula sparsa U.S.A. (TN,
VA)......doE15NANA
Monkeyface, Cumberland (pearlymussel)Quadrula intermedia U.S.A. (AL,
TN, VA)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Mucket, orange-nacreLampsilis perovalis U.S.A. (AL, MS)NAT49517.95
(f)NA
Mucket, pink (pearlymussel)Lampsilis abrupta U.S.A. (AL, AR, IL, IN,
KY, LA, MO, OH, PA, TN, VA, WV)EntireE15NANA
Mussel, oysterEpioblasma capsaeformis U.S.A. (AL, GA, KY, MS, NC,
TN, VA)NAE60217.95(f)NA
Mussel, scaleshellLeptodea leptodon U.S.A. (AL, AR, IA, IL, IN, KY,
MN, MO, OH, OK, SD, TN, WI)NAE714NANA
Pearlshell, LouisianaMargaritifera hembeli U.S.A. (LA)EntireT304,
518NANA
Pearlymussel, birdwingConradilla caelata U.S.A. (AL, TN,
VA)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Pearlymussel, crackingHemistena lata U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, OH, TN,
VA)NAE366NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Pearlymussel, CurtisEpioblasma florentina curtisii U.S.A. (AR,
MO)EntireE15NANA
Pearlymussel, dromedaryDromus dromas U.S.A. (AL, KY, TN,
VA)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Pearlymussel, little-wingPegias fabula U.S.A. (AL, KY, NC, TN,
VA)EntireE342NANA
Pearlymussel, Nicklin'sMegalonaias nicklineana Mexico......doE15NANA
Pearlymussel, TampicoCyrtonaias tampicoensis tecomatensis
......do......doE15NANA
Pigtoe, CumberlandPleurobema gibberum U.S.A. (TN)......doE423NANA
Pigtoe, darkPleurobema furvum U.S.A. (AL)NAE49517.95 (f)NA
Pigtoe, fine-rayedFusconaia cuneolus U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA)NAE15NANA

Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Pigtoe, flatPleurobema marshalli U.S.A. (AL, MS)EntireE262NANA
Pigtoe, heavyPleurobema taitianum ......do......doE262NANA
Pigtoe, ovalPleurobema pyriforme U.S.A. (AL, FL, GA)......doE633NANA
Pigtoe, roughPleurobema plenum U.S.A. (AL, IN, KY, PA, TN,
VA)......doE15NANA
Pigtoe, shinyFusconaia cor U.S.A. (AL, TN, VA)NAE15NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Pigtoe, southernPleurobema georgianum U.S.A. (AL, GA, TN)NAE49517.95
(f)NA
Pimpleback, orangefoot (pearlymussel)Plethobasus cooperianus U.S.A.
(AL, IA, IL, IN, KY, OH, PA, TN)EntireE15NANA
Pocketbook, fatPotamilus capax U.S.A. (AR, IA, IL, IN, KY, MO, MS,
OH)......doE15NANA
Pocketbook, fine-linedLampsilis altilis U.S.A. (AL, GA)NAT49517.95
(f)NA
Rock-pocketbook, OuachitaArkansia wheeleri U.S.A. (AR,
OK)EntireE446NANA
Pocketbook, shinyrayedLampsilis subangulata U.S.A. (AL, FL,
GA)......doE633NANA
Pocketbook, speckledLampsilis streckeri U.S.A. (AR)......doE345NANA
Rabbitsfoot, roughQuadrula cylindrica strigillata U.S.A. (TN,
VA)NAE60217.95(f)NA
Riffleshell, northernEpioblasma torulosa rangiana U.S.A. (IL, IN,
KY, MI, OH, PA, WV), Canada (Ont.)EntireE488NANA
Riffleshell, tanEpioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri) U.S.A.
(AL, KY, NC, TN, VA)......doE27NANA
Pink, ring (mussel)Obovaria retusa U.S.A. (AL, IL, IN, KY, OH, PA,
TN, WV)......doE369NANA
Slabshell, ChipolaElliptio chipolaensis U.S.A. (AL,
FL)......doT633NANA
Spinymussel, JamesPleurobema collina U.S.A. (VA, WV)......doE316NANA
Spinymussel, Tar RiverElliptio steinstansana U.S.A.
(NC)......doE188NANA
StirrupshellQuadrula stapes U.S.A. (AL, MS)......doE262NANA
Three-ridge, fat (mussel)Amblema neislerii U.S.A. (FL,
GA)......doE633NANA
Wartyback, white (pearlymussel)Plethobasus cicatricosus U.S.A. (AL,
IL, IN, KY, TN)......doE15NANA
Wedgemussel, dwarfAlasmidonta heterodon U.S.A. (CT, DC, DE, MA, MD,
NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, VA, VT), Canada (N.B.)......doE377NANA
Snails
Ambersnail, KanabOxyloma haydeni kanabensis U.S.A. (AZ,
UT)......doE431E, 459, 477NANA
Campeloma, slenderCampeloma decampi U.S.A. (AL)......doE688NANA
Cavesnail, Tumbling CreekAntrobia culveri U.S.A. (MO)NAE731NANA
Elimia, lacy (snail)Elimia crenatella U.S.A.(AL)EntireT651NANA
Limpet, Banbury SpringsLanx sp.U.S.A. (ID)......doE485NANA
Lioplax, cylindrical (snail)Lioplax cyclostomaformis U.S.A. (AL,

GA)......doE651NANA
Marstonia (snail), royalPyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe U.S.A.
(TN)......doE538NANA
Pebblesnail, flatLepyrium showalteri U.S.A. (AL)......doE651NANA
Pecos assimineaAssiminea pecos U.S.A. (NM, TX)NAE17.95(f)NA
Riversnail, Anthony'sAthearnia anthonyi U.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)NAE538NANA
Do......do......doU.S.A. (AL—The free-flowing reach of the Tennessee
R. from the base of Wilson Dam downstream to the backwaters of
Pickwick Reservoir [about 12 RM (19 km)] and the lower 5 RM [8 km]
of all tributaries to this reach in Colbert and Lauderdale Cos., see
17.85(a))XN709NA17.85(a)
Rocksnail, paintedLeptoxis taeniata U.S.A. (AL)EntireT651NANA
Rocksnail, plicateLeptoxis plicata ......do......doE651NANA
Rocksnail, roundLeptoxis ampla ......do......doT651NANA
Shagreen, Magazine MountainMesodon magazinensis U.S.A.
(AR)......doT348NANA
Snail, armoredPyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta U.S.A.
(AL)......doE688NANA
Snail, Bliss RapidsTaylorconcha serpenticola U.S.A.
(ID)......doT485NANA
Snail, Chittenango ovate amberSuccinea chittenangoensis U.S.A.
(NY)......doT41NANA
Snail, flat-spired three-toothedTriodopsis platysayoides U.S.A.
(WV)......doT41NANA
Snail, Iowa PleistoceneDiscus macclintocki U.S.A. (IA,
IL)......doE41NANA
Snail, Manus Island treePapustyla pulcherrima Pacific
Ocean—Admiralty Is. (Manus Is.)......doE3NANA
Snail, Morro shoulderband (=Banded dune)Helminthoglypta walkeriana
U.S.A. (CA)NAE56717.95(f)NA
Snail, Newcomb'sErinna newcombi U.S.A. (HI)EntireT68017.95(f)NA
Snail, noondayMesodon clarki nantahala U.S.A. (NC)......doT41NANA
Snail, painted snake coiled forestAnguispira picta U.S.A.
(TN)......doT41NANA
Snail, Snake River physaPhysa natricina U.S.A. (ID)......doE485NANA
Snail, Stock Island treeOrthalicus reses (not incl. nesodryas
)U.S.A. (FL)......doT41NANA
Snail, tulotomaTulotoma magnifica U.S.A. (AL)......doE412NANA
Snail, Utah valvataValvata utahensis U.S.A. (ID)......doE485NANA
Snail, Virginia fringed mountainPolygyriscus virginianus U.S.A.
(VA)......doE41NANA
Snails, Oahu treeAchatinella spp.U.S.A. (HI)......doE108, 112NANA
Springsnail, AlamosaTryonia alamosae U.S.A. (NM)......doE442NANA
Springsnail, Bruneau HotPyrgulopsis bruneauensis U.S.A.
(ID)......doE489NANA
Springsnail, IdahoFontelicella idahoensis ......do......doE485NANA
Springsnail, Koster'sJuturnia kosteria U.S.A. (NM)NAENANA
Springsnail, RoswellPyrgulopsis roswellensis ......doNAENANA
Springsnail, SocorroPyrgulopsis neomexicana ......do......doE442NANA
Insects
Beetle, American buryingNicrophorus americanus U.S.A. (eastern
States south to FL, west to SD and TX), eastern
Canada......doE351NANA
Beetle, Coffin Cave moldBatrisodes texanus U.S.A. (TX)......doE327,
513NANA
Beetle, Comal Springs dryopidStygoparnus comalensis

......do......doE629NANA
Beetle, Comal Springs riffleHeterelmis comalensis
......do......doE629NANA
Beetle, delta green groundElaphrus viridis U.S.A.
(CA)......doT10017.95(i)NA
Beetle, Helotes moldBatrisodes venyivi U.S.A. (TX)NAE70617.95(i)NA
Beetle, Hungerford's crawling waterBrychius hungerfordi U.S.A. (MI,
Canada)......doE533NANA
Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave moldTexamaurops reddelli U.S.A.
(TX)......doE327, 513NANA
Beetle, Mount Hermon JunePolyphylla barbata U.S.A.
(CA)......doE605NANA
Beetle, [no common name]Rhadine exilis U.S.A. (TX)NAE70617.95(i)NA
Beetle, [no common name]Rhadine infernalis ......doNAE70617.95(i)NA
Beetle, northeastern beach tigerCicindela dorsalis dorsalis U.S.A.
(CT, MA, MD, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VA)......doT396NANA
Beetle, Ohlone tigerCicindela ohlone (CA) U.S.A. (CA)NAE713NANA
Beetle, Puritan tigerCicindela puritana U.S.A. (CT, MA, MD, NH,
VT)EntireT396NANA
Beetle, Salt Creek tigerCicindela nevadica lincolniana U.S.A.
(NE)......doE754NANA
Beetle, Tooth Cave groundRhadine persephone U.S.A.
(TX)......doE327NANA
Beetle, valley elderberry longhornDesmocerus californicus dimorphus
U.S.A. (CA)......doT9917.95(i)NA
Butterfly, bay checkerspotEuphydryas editha bayensis
......do......doT28817.95(i)NA
Butterfly, Behren's silverspotSpeyeria zerene behrensii
......do......doE628NANA
Butterfly, callippe silverspotSpeyeria callippe callippe
......do......doE628NANA
Butterfly, Corsican swallowtailPapilio hospiton Corsica,
Sardinia......doE486NANA
Butterfly, El Segundo blueEuphilotes battoides allyni U.S.A.
(CA)......doE14NANA
Butterfly, Fender's blueIcaricia icarioides fenderi U.S.A.
(OR)NAE67917.95(i)NA
Butterfly, Homerus swallowtailPapilio homerus JamaicaEntireE486NANA
Butterfly, Karner blueLycaeides melissa samuelis U.S.A. (IL, IN, MA,
MI, MN, NH, NY, OH, PA, WI), Canada (Ont.)......doE484NANA
Butterfly, Lange's metalmarkApodemia mormo langei U.S.A.
(CA)......doE14NANA
Butterfly, lotis blueLycaeides argyrognomon lotis
......do......doE14NANA
Butterfly, Luzon peacock swallowtailPapilio chikae
Philippines......doE486NANA
Butterfly, mission blueIcaricia icarioides missionensis U.S.A.
(CA)......doE14NANA
Butterfly, Mitchell's satyrNeonympha mitchellii mitchellii U.S.A.
(IN, MI, NJ, OH)......doE428E, 469NANA
Butterfly, Myrtle's silverspotSpeyeria zerene myrtleae U.S.A.
(CA)......doE472NANA
Butterfly, Oregon silverspotSpeyeria zerene hippolyta U.S.A. (CA,
OR, WA)......doT9517.95(i)NA
Butterfly, Palos Verdes blueGlaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis
U.S.A. (CA)......doE9617.95(i)NA
Butterfly, Queen Alexandra's birdwingTroides alexandrae Papua New

Guinea......doE364NANA
Butterfly, Quino checkerspotEuphydryas edith quino U.S.A. (CA),
Mexico......doE60417.95(i)NA
Butterfly, Saint Francis' satyrNeonympha mitchellii francisci U.S.A.
(NC)......doE539E, 574NANA
Butterfly, San Bruno elfinCallophrys mossii bayensis U.S.A.
(CA)......doE14NANA
Butterfly, Schaus swallowtailHeraclides aristodemus ponceanus U.S.A.
(FL)......doE13, 159NANA
Butterfly, Smith's blueEuphilotes enoptes smithi U.S.A.
(CA)......doE14NANA
Butterfly, Uncompahgre fritillaryBoloria acrocnema U.S.A.
(CO)......doE427NANA
Dragonfly, Hine's emeraldSomatochlora hineana U.S.A. (IL, IN, OH,
WI)......doE573NANA
Fly, Delhi Sands flower-lovingRhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis
U.S.A. (CA)......doE517NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila aglaia U.S.A. (HI)NAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila differens ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila hemipeza ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila heteroneura ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila montgomeryi ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila mulli ......doNAT756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila musaphilia ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila neoclavisetae
......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila obatai ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila ochrobasis ......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila substenoptera
......doNAE756NANA
Fly, Hawaiian picture-wingDrosophila tarphytrichia
......doNAE756NANA
Grasshopper, Zayante band-wingedTrimerotropis infantilis U.S.A.
(CA)NAE60517.95(i)NA
Moth, Blackburn's sphinxManduca blackburni U.S.A.
(HI)NAE68217.95(i)NA
Moth, Kern primrose sphinxEuproserpinus euterpe U.S.A.
(CA)......doT91NANA
Naucorid, Ash MeadowsAmbrysus amargosus U.S.A.
(NV)......doT18117.95(i)NA
Skipper, Carson wanderingPseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus U.S.A. (CA,
NV)U.S.A., (Lassen County, CA; Washoe County, NV)E730NANA
Skipper, Laguna MountainsPyrgus ruralis lagunae U.S.A.
(CA)EntireE60417.95(i)NA
Skipper, Pawnee montaneHesperia leonardus montana U.S.A.
(CO)......doT289NANA
Arachnids
Harvestman, Bee Creek CaveTexella reddelli U.S.A. (TX)......doE327,
513NANA
Harvestman, Bone CaveTexella reyesi ......do......doE327, 513NANA
Harvestman, Cokendolpher caveTexella cokendolpheri
......doNAE70617.95(g)NA
Meshweaver, Braken Bat CaveCircurina venii ......doNAE70617.95(g)NA
Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat CaveCircurina vespera
......doNAE706NANA
Meshweaver, Madla CaveCicurina madla ......doNAE70617.95(g)NA
Meshweaver, Robber Baron CaveCicurina baronia

......doNAE70617.95(g)NA
Pseudoscorpion, Tooth CaveTartarocreagris texana
......do......doE327NANA
Spider, Government Canyon Bat CaveNeoleptoneta microps
......doNAE706NANA
Spider, Kauai cave wolfAdelocosa anops U.S.A. (HI)NAE67617.95(g)NA
Spider, spruce-fir mossMicrohexura montivaga U.S.A. (NC,
TN)NAE57617.95(g)NA
Spider, Tooth CaveNeoleptoneta myopica U.S.A. (TX)EntireE327NANA
Crustaceans
Amphipod, Hay's SpringStygobromus hayi U.S.A. (DC)......doE115NANA
Amphipod, Illinois caveGammarus acherondytes U.S.A.
(IL)......doE642NANA
Amphipod, Kauai caveSpelaeorchestia koloana U.S.A.
(HI)NAE67617.95(h)NA
Amphipod, Noel'sGammarus desperatus U.S.A. (NM)NAENANA
Amphipod, Peck's caveStygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki U.S.A.
(TX)EntireE629NANA
Crayfish, caveCambarus aculabrum U.S.A. (AR)......doE499NANA
DoCambarus zophonastes ......do......doE263NANA
Crayfish, NashvilleOrconectes shoupi U.S.A. (TN)......doE242NANA
Crayfish, ShastaPacifastacus fortis U.S.A. (CA)......doE337NANA
Fairy shrimp, ConservancyBranchinecta conservatio
......do......doE55217.95(h)NA
Fairy shrimp, longhornBranchinecta longiantenna
......do......doE55217.95(h)NA
Fairy shrimp, RiversideStreptocephalus woottoni
......do......doE51217.95(h)NA
Fairy shrimp, San DiegoBranchinecta sandiegonensis
......doNAE60817.95(h)NA
Fairy shrimp, vernal poolBranchinecta lynchi U.S.A. (CA,
OR)EntireE55217.95(h)NA
Isopod, Lee County caveLirceus usdagalun U.S.A. (VA)......doE483NANA
Isopod, Madison CaveAntrolana lira ......do......doT123NA17.46(a)
Isopod, SocorroThermosphaeroma thermophilus U.S.A.
(NM)......doE36NANA
Shrimp, Alabama cavePalaemonias alabamae U.S.A. (AL)......doE323NANA
Shrimp, California freshwaterSyncaris pacifica U.S.A.
(CA)......doE340NANA
Shrimp, Kentucky cavePalaemonias ganteri U.S.A.
(KY)......doE13517.95(h)NA
Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney CavePalaemonetes cummingi U.S.A.
(FL)......doT390NANA
Tadpole shrimp, vernal poolLepidurus packardi U.S.A.
(CA)......doE55217.95(h)NA
Corals
Coral, elkhornAcropora palmata U.S.A. (FL, PR, VI, Navassa); and
wider Caribbean-Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, and all the islands of the
West IndiesN/AT756NANA
Coral, staghornAcropora cervicornis U.S.A. (FL, PR, VI, Navassa);
and wider Caribbean-Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, and all the islands
of the West IndiesN/AT756NANA
Symbols used in the four left columns:
“
Do...” or “......do...”—(Ditto) indicates the entry is the same as

the column entry directly above.
Symbols used in the “When listed” column:
A—Indicates a correction to the publication with the same “When listed”
number.
D—Indicates FR where species was Delisted; relisting of the species is
indicated by subsequent number(s).
E—Indicated Emergency rule publication (see FR document for effective
dates); subsequent number(s) indicate FR final rule, if applicable, under
“When listed”.
1—32 FR 4001; March 11, 1967.
2—35 FR 16047; October 13, 1970.
3—35 FR 8495; June 2, 1970.
4—35 FR 18320; December 2, 1970.
5—37 FR 6176; March 28, 1972.
6—38 FR 14678; June 4, 1973.
7—39 FR 44991; December 30, 1974.
8—40 FR 29864; July 16, 1975.
9—40 FR 31736; July 28, 1975.
10—40 FR 44151; September 25, 1975.
11—40 FR 44418; September 26, 1975.
12—40 FR 47506; October 9, 1975.
13—41 FR 17740; April 28, 1976.
14—41 FR 22044; June 1, 1976.
15—41 FR 24064; June 14, 1976.
15A—41 FR 26019; June 24, 1976.
16—41 FR 45993; October 19, 1976.
17—41 FR 51021; November 19, 1976.
18—41 FR 51612; November 23, 1976.
19—41 FR 53034; December 3, 1976.
20—42 FR 2076; January 10, 1977.
21—42 FR 2968; January 14, 1977.
22—42 FR 15971; March 24, 1977.
24—42 FR 28545; June 3, 1977.
25—42 FR 37373; July 21, 1977.
26—42 FR 40685; August 11, 1977.
27—42 FR 42353; August 23, 1977.
28—42 FR 45528; September 9, 1977.
29—42 FR 58757; November 11, 1977.
30—42 FR 60745; November 29, 1977.
31—43 FR 3715; January 27, 1978.
32—43 FR 4028; January 31, 1978.
33—43 FR 4621; February 3, 1978.
34—43 FR 6233; February 14, 1978.
35—43 FR 9612; March 9, 1978.
36—43 FR 12691; March 27, 1978.
37—43 FR 15429; April 13, 1978.
38—43 FR 16345; April 18, 1978.
40—43 FR 20504; May 12, 1978.
41—43 FR 28932; July 3, 1978.
42—43 FR 32808; July 28, 1978.
43—43 FR 34480; August 4, 1978.
45—44 FR 21289; April 10, 1979.
46—44 FR 23064; April 17, 1979.
48—44 FR 29480; May 21, 1979.
50—44 FR 37126; June 25, 1979.
51—44 FR 37132; June 25, 1979.
52—44 FR 42911; July 20, 1979.

54—44 FR 49220; August 21, 1979.
60—44 FR 59084; October 12, 1979.
85—44 FR 69208; November 30, 1979.
86—44 FR 70677; December 7, 1979.
87—44 FR 75076; December 18, 1979.
88—45 FR 18010; March 20, 1980.
90—45 FR 21833; April 2, 1980.
91—45 FR 24090; April 8, 1980.
92—45 FR 27713; April 23, 1980.
93—45 FR 28722; April 30, 1980.
94—45 FR 35823; May 28, 1980.
95—45 FR 44938; July 2, 1980.
96—45 FR 44942; July 2, 1980.
97—45 FR 47353; July 14, 1980.
98—45 FR 47363; July 14, 1980.
99—45 FR 52806; August 8, 1980.
100—45 FR 52810; August 8, 1980.
102—45 FR 54680; August 15, 1980.
103—45 FR 55666; August 20, 1980.
105—45 FR 63820; September 25, 1980.
106—45 FR 65134; October 1, 1980.
108—46 FR 3182; January 13, 1981.
111—46 FR 11665; February 10, 1981.
112—46 FR 40025; August 6, 1981.
113—46 FR 40669; August 10, 1981.
114—47 FR 4211; January 28, 1982.
115—47 FR 5427; February 5, 1982.
117—47 FR 19999; May 10, 1982.
119—47 FR 31672; July 21, 1982.
123—47 FR 43701; October 4, 1982.
124—47 FR 43962; October 5, 1982.
125—47 FR 46093; October 15, 1982.
127—48 FR 612; January 5, 1983.
128—48 FR 1726; January 14, 1983.
129—48 FR 28464; June 22, 1983.
130—48 FR 40184; September 2, 1983.
131—48 FR 43043; September 21, 1983.
132—48 FR 46057; October 11, 1983.
134—48 FR 46336; October 12, 1983.
135—48 FR 46341; October 12, 1983.
136—48 FR 49249; October 25, 1983.
138—49 FR 1994; January 17, 1984.
139—49 FR 2783; January 23, 1984.
142—49 FR 7335; February 28, 1984.
143—49 FR 7394; February 29, 1984.
144—49 FR 7398; February 29, 1984.
145—49 FR 10526; March 20, 1984.
146—49 FR 14356; April 11, 1984.
149—49 FR 22330; May 29, 1984.
150—49 FR 27514; July 5, 1984.
156—49 FR 33885; August 27, 1984.
157—49 FR 34494; August 31, 1984.
159—49 FR 34504; August 31, 1984.
160—49 FR 34510; August 31, 1984.
161—49 FR 35954; September 13, 1984.
163—49 FR 43069; October 26, 1984.
164—49 FR 43969; November 1, 1984.

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45163; November 15, 1984.
49639; December 21, 1984.
1056; January 9, 1985.
4226; January 30, 1985.
4945; February 4, 1985.
12302; March 28, 1985.
12305; March 28, 1985.
20786; May 20, 1985.
21792; May 28, 1985.
23884; June 6, 1985.
24530; June 11, 1985.
24653; June 12, 1985.
25678; June 20, 1985.
26575; June 27, 1985.
27002; July 1, 1985.
30194; July 24, 1985.
31596; August 5, 1985.
31603; August 5, 1985.
37198; September 12, 1985.
39117; September 27, 1985.
39123; September 27, 1985.
50308; December 10, 1985.
50733; December 11, 1985.
51252; December 16, 1985.
6690; February 25, 1986.
10850; March 31, 1986.
10857; March 31, 1986.
10864; March 31, 1986.
16047; April 30, 1986.
16482; May 2, 1986.
17980; May 16, 1986.
23781; July 1, 1986.
27495; July 31, 1986.
31422; September 3, 1986.
34412; September 26, 1986.
34425; September 26, 1986.
39478; October 28, 1986.
41796; November 19, 1986.
45910; December 23, 1986.
28; January 5, 1987.
5302; February 20, 1987.
11169; April 7, 1987.
11172; April 7, 1987.
11286; April 8, 1987.
20719; June 3, 1987.
20999; June 3, 1987.
21063; June 4, 1987.
22430; June 11, 1987.
22585; June 12, 1987.
22943; June 16, 1987.
23151; June 17, 1987.
25232; July 6, 1987.
25380; July 7, 1987.
28785; August 3, 1987.
28831; August 4, 1987.
29780; August 11, 1987.
35040; September 16, 1987.

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35378; September 18, 1987.
36180; September 25, 1987.
36038; September 25, 1987.
36779; October 1, 1987.
37423; October 6, 1987.
42068; November 2, 1987.
42662; November 6, 1987.
3570; February 5, 1988.
25611; July 8, 1988.
27134; July 18, 1988.
27693; July 22, 1988.
29337; August 4, 1988.
33992; September 1, 1988.
33998; September 1, 1988.
34698; September 7, 1988.
36033; September 16, 1988.
37970; September 28, 1988.
38453; September 30, 1988.
38460; September 30, 1988.
38465; September 30, 1988.
38469; September 30, 1988.
43889; October 31, 1988.
45865; November 14, 1988.
8341; February 28, 1989.
15208; April 17, 1989.
20602; May 12, 1989.
22906; May 30, 1989.
29655; July 13, 1989.
32331; August 4, 1989.
34468; August 18, 1989.
34472; August 18, 1989.
35311; August 24, 1989.
38951; September 21, 1989.
39849; September 28, 1989.
39853; September 28, 1989.
40112; September 29, 1989.
41453; October 10, 1989.
43969; October 30, 1989.
47861; November 17, 1989.
9136; March 12, 1990.
9451; March 14, 1990.
12191; April 2, 1990.
12801; April 5, 1990.
12832; April 6, 1990.
13488; April 10, 1990.
18845; May 4, 1990.
21153; May 22, 1990.
25591; June 21, 1990.
25595; June 21, 1990.
26194; June 26, 1990.
28213; July 10, 1990.
32094; August 7, 1990.
36647; September 6, 1990.
39416; September 27, 1990.
39860; September 28, 1990.
39872; September 28, 1990.
42966; October 25, 1990.

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49623; November 30, 1990.
50006; December 4, 1990.
51112; December 12, 1990.
53160; December 27, 1990.
800; January 9, 1991.
1459; January 14, 1991.
1463; January 14, 1991.
1463; January 14, 1991.
13600; April 3, 1991.
19814; April 30, 1991.
21087; May 7, 1991.
28349; June 20, 1991.
28717; June 24, 1991.
28828; June 25, 1991.
37671; August 8, 1991.
40267; August 14, 1991.
41488; August 21, 1991.
49649; September 30, 1991.
49653; September 30, 1991.
49658; September 30, 1991.
54957; October 23, 1991.
54967; October 23, 1991.
56333; November 4, 1991.
64723; December 12, 1991.
213; January 3, 1992.
594; January 7, 1992.
13661; April 17, 1992.
14790; April 22, 1992.
21569; May 20, 1992.
27858; June 22, 1992.
28024; June 23, 1992.
44340; September 25, 1992.
45337; October 1, 1992.
54726; November 20, 1992.
59244; December 14, 1992.
59257; December 14, 1992.
4359; January 14, 1993.
5657; January 22, 1993.
5642; January 22, 1993.
5946; January 25, 1993.
12863; March 5, 1993.
12874; March 5, 1993.
14271; March 16, 1993.
14339; March 17, 1993.
16757; March 30, 1993.
25746; April 27, 1993.
25763; April 27, 1993.
27480; May 10, 1993.
34931; June 30, 1993.
40538; July 28, 1993.
41391; August 3, 1993.
43819; August 18, 1993.
49874; September 23, 1993.
49880; September 23, 1993.
49887; September 23, 1993.
49937; September 24, 1993.
53804; October 18, 1993.

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54065; October 20, 1993.
68486; December 27, 1993.
5310; February 3, 1994.
5498; February 4, 1994.
10584; March 7, 1994.
13836; March 23, 1994.
17998; April 15, 1994.
18327; April 18, 1994.
31095; June 16, 1994.
36995; July 20, 1994.
42691; August 18, 1994.
42711; August 18, 1994.
46002; September 6, 1994.
46715; September 9, 1994.
48153; September 19, 1994.
49764; September 29, 1994.
54841; November 2, 1994.
60264; November 22, 1994.
60279; November 22, 1994.
60334; November 23, 1994.
63264; December 8, 1994.
64623; December 15, 1994.
64866; December 16, 1994.
65512; December 20, 1994.
2903; January 12, 1995.
5273; January 26, 1995.
5267; January 26, 1995.
6974; February 6, 1995.
10715; February 27, 1995.
18947; April 13, 1995.
36010; July 12, 1995.
11332; March 20, 1996.
25832; May 23, 1996.
32366; June 24, 1996.
48413; September 13, 1996.
54056; October 16, 1996.
59028; November 20, 1996.
689; January 6, 1997.
1657; January 10, 1997.
2322; January 16, 1997.
3628; January 24, 1997.
4191; January 29, 1997.
4939; February 3, 1997.
10746; March 10, 1997.
23392; April 30, 1997.
30772; June 5, 1997.
31757; June 11, 1997.
31761; June 11, 1997.
33038; June 18, 1997.
38939; July 21, 1997.
39157; July 22, 1997.
59622; November 4, 1997.
64320; December 5, 1997.
66303; December 18, 1997.
694; January 7, 1998.
1763; January 12, 1998.
3843; January 27, 1998.

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12687; March 16, 1998.
13150; March 18, 1998.
26530; May 13, 1998.
31674; June 10, 1998.
32997; June 17, 1998.
42762; August 11, 1998.
46909; September 3, 1998.
51016; September 24, 1998.
52837; October 1, 1998.
57619; October 28, 1998.
64799; November 23, 1998.
69021; December 15, 1998.
70062; December 18, 1998.
5981; February 8, 1999.
15704; April 1, 1999.
17124; April 8, 1999.
19308; April 20, 1999.
41836; August 2, 1999.
47134; August 30, 1999.
56608; October 20, 1999.
58932; November 1, 1999.
72960; December 29, 1999.
30; January 3, 2000.
2357; January 14, 2000.
3109; January 19, 2000.
3890; January 25, 2000.
4169; January 26, 2000.
4779; February 1, 2000.
8889; February 23, 2000.
10039; February 25, 2000.
16085; March 24, 2000.
17786; April 5, 2000.
19698; April 12, 2000.
25879; May 4, 2000.
20769; April 18, 2000.
26461; May 5, 2000.
26771; May 9, 2000.
46654; July 31, 2000.
51478; September 7, 2000.
57264; September 21, 2000.
60885; October 13, 2000.
69481; November 17, 2000.
69637; November 17, 2000.
81433; December 26, 2000.
32257; June 14, 2001.
33915; June 26, 2001.
50350; October 3, 2001.
51339; October 9, 2001.
59373; November 28, 2001.
59545; November 29, 2001.
63002; December 4, 2001.
66811; December 27, 2001.
37721; May 30, 2002.
3459; January 24, 2005.
40811; June 13, 2002.
44392; July 2, 2002.
47739; July 22, 2002.

730—67 FR 51129; August 7, 2002.
731—67 FR 52889; August 14, 2002.
732—67 FR 52426; August 12, 2002.
734—68 FR 13520; March 19, 2003.
735—68 FR 15872; April 1, 2003.
738—68 FR 43658; July 24, 2003.
740—69 FR 70190; December 17, 2003.
741—69 FR 3028; January 22, 2004.
742—70 FR 67928; November 9, 2005.
743—70 FR 10485; March 4, 2005.
744—69 FR 47248; August 4, 2004.
745—70 FR 1285; January 6, 2005.
747—70 FR 17916; April 8, 2005.
748—70 FR 69465; Novermber 16, 2005.
754—70 FR 58350; October 6, 2005.
755—70 FR 66706; November 2, 2005.
756—71 FR 26851; May 9, 2006.
757—71 FR 40673; July 18, 2006.
758—71 FR 42314; July 26, 2006.
Editorial Note:
1. ForFederal Registercitations affecting the table in
§17.11(h), see the listing above.
Editorial Note:
2. ForFederal Registercitations affecting §17.11, see
the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids
section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
§ 17.12
Endangered and threatened plants.
top
(a) The list in this section contains the names of all species of plants
which have been determined by the Services to be Endangered or Threatened.
It also contains the names of species of plants treated as Endangered or
Threatened because they are sufficiently similar in appearance to
Endangered or Threatened species (see §17.50 et seq. ).
(b) The columns entitled “Scientific name” and “Common name” define the
species of plant within the meaning of the Act. Although common names are
included, they cannot be relied upon for identification of any specimen,
since they may vary greatly in local usage. The Services shall use the
most recently accepted scientific name. In cases in which confusion might
arise, a synonym(s) will be provided in parentheses. The Services shall
rely to the extent practicable on the International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature.
(c) In the “Status” column the following symbols are used: “E” for
Endangered, “T” for Threatened, and “E [or T] (S/A)” for similarity of
appearance species.
(d) The other data in the list are nonregulatory in nature and are
provided for the information of the reader. In the annual revision and
compilation of this title, the following information may be amended
without public notice: the spelling of species' names, historical range,
footnotes, references to certain other applicable portions of this title,
synonyms, and more current names. In any of these revised entries, neither
the species, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section, nor its status
may be changed without following the procedures of part 424 of this title.
(e) The “Historic range” indicates the known general distribution of the
species or subspecies as reported in the current scientific literature.
The present distribution may be greatly reduced from this historic range.
This column does not imply any limitation on the application of the
prohibitions in the Act or implementing rules. Such prohibitions apply to
all individuals of the plant species, wherever found.
(f)(1) A footnote to theFederal Registerpublication(s) listing or

reclassifying a species is indicated under the column “When listed.”
Footnote numbers to §§17.11 and 17.12 are in the same numerical sequence,
since plants and animals may be listed in the sameFederal
Registerdocument. That document, at least since 1973, includes a statement
indicating the basis for the listing, as well as the effective date(s) of
said listing.
(2) The “Special rules” and “Critical habitat” columns provide a cross
reference to other sections in parts 17, 222, 226, or 227. The “Special
rules” column will also be used to cite the special rules which describe
experimental populations and determine if they are essential or
nonessential. Separate listings will be made for experimental populations,
and the status column will include the following symbols: “XE” for an
essential experimental population and “XN” for a nonessential experimental
population. The term “NA” (not applicable) appearing in either of these
two columns indicates that there are no special rules and/or critical
habitat for that particular species. However, all other appropriate rules
in parts 17, 217 through 227, and 402 still apply to that species. In
addition, there may be other rules in this title that relate to such
plants, e.g., port-of-entry requirements. It is not intended that the
references in the “Special rules” column list all the regulations of the
two Services which might apply to the species or to the regulations of
other Federal agencies or State or local governments.
(g) The listing of a particular taxon includes all lower taxonomic units
(see §17.11(g) for examples).
(h) The “List of Endangered and Threatened Plants” is provided below:
SpeciesHistoric rangeFamilyStatusWhen listedCritical habitatSpecial
rules
Scientific nameCommon name
Flowering Plants
Abronia macrocarpa Large-fruited sand-verbenaU.S.A.
(TX)NyctaginaceaeE331NANA
Abutilon eremitopetalum NoneU.S.A. (HI)MalvaceaeE435NANA
Abutilon menziesii Ko‘oloa‘ula......do......doE243NANA
Abutilon sandwicense None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Acaena exigua Liliwai......doRosaceaeE467NANA
Acanthomintha ilicifolia San Diego thornmintU.S.A. (CA),
MexicoLamiaceaeT649NANA
Acanthomintha obovata ssp. duttonii San Mateo thornmintU.S.A.
(CA)......doE204NANA
Achyranthes mutica NoneU.S.A (HI)AmaranthaceaeE59217.99(k)NA
Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata Round-leaved
chaff-flower......do......doE220NANA
Aconitum noveboracense Northern wild monkshoodU.S.A. (IA, NY, OH,
WI)RanunculaceaeT39NANA
Aeschynomene virginica Sensitive joint-vetchU.S.A. (DE, MD, NC, NJ,
PA, VA)FabaceaeT470NANA
Agalinis acuta Sandplain gerardiaU.S.A. (CT, MA, MD, NY,
RI)ScrophulariaceaeE325NANA
Alectryon macrococcus MahoeU.S.A. (HI)SapindaceaeE46717.99(a)(1),
(c), (e)(1), and (i)NA
Allium munzii Munz's onionU.S.A. (CA)Liliaceae-LilyE65017.96(a)NA
Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis Sonoma
alopecurus......doPoaceaeE625NANA
Alsinidendron lychnoides KuawawaenohuU.S.A.
(HI)CaryophyllaceaeE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Alsinidendron obovatum None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Alsinidendron trinerve ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA

Alsinidendron viscosum ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Amaranthus brownii ......do......doAmaranthaceaeE58717.99(g)NA
Amaranthus pumilus Seabeach amaranthU.S.A. (DE, MA, MD, NC, NJ, NY,
RI, SC, VA)......doT498NANA
Ambrosia cheiranthifolia South Texas ambrosiaU.S.A.
(TX)AsteraceaeE547NANA
Ambrosia pumila San Diego ambrosiaU.S.A. (CA) Mexico......doE727NANA
Amorpha crenulata Crenulate lead-plantU.S.A. (FL)FabaceaeE192NANA
Amphianthus pusillus Little amphianthusU.S.A. (AL, GA,
SC)ScrophulariaceaeT302NANA
Amsinckia grandiflora Large-flowered fiddleneckU.S.A.
(CA)BoraginaceaeE17917.96(a)NA
Amsonia kearneyana Kearney's blue-starU.S.A. (AZ)ApocynaceaeE343NANA
Ancistrocactus tobuschii Tobusch fishhook cactusU.S.A.
(TX)CactaceaeE80NANA
Apios priceana Price's potato-beanU.S.A. (AL, IL, KY, MS,
TN)FabaceaeT373NANA
Arabis hoffmannii Hoffmann's rock-cressU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE623NANA
Arabis mcdonaldiana McDonald's rock-cress......do......doE44NANA
Arabis perstellata Braun's Rock-cressU.S.A. (KY,
TN)......doE57017.96(a)NA
Arabis serotina Shale barren rock-cressU.S.A. (VA,
WV)......doE352NANA
Arctomecon humilis Dwarf bear-poppyU.S.A. (UT)PapaveraceaeE78NANA
Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island manzanitaU.S.A.
(CA)EricaceaeE623NANA
Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia Del Mar manzanitaU.S.A.
(CA), Mexico.......doE589NANA
Arctostaphylos hookeri var. ravenii Presidio manzanitaU.S.A.
(CA)......doE65NANA
Arctostaphylos morroensis Morro manzanita......do......doT567NANA
Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Ione manzanita......do......doT661NANA
Arctostaphylos pallida Pallid manzanita......do......doT635NANA
Arenaria cumberlandensis Cumberland sandwortU.S.A. (KY,
TN)CaryophyllaceaeE311NANA
Arenaria paludicola Marsh sandwortU.S.A. (CA,OR,WA)......doE511NANA
Arenaria ursina Bear Valley sandwortU.S.A. (CA)......doT644NANA
Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta Sacramento
prickly-poppyU.S.A. (NM)PapaveraceaeE360NANA
Argyroxiphium kauense Mauna Loa silverswordU.S.A.
(HI)AsteraceaeE49717.99(k)NA
Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum
‘Ahinahina......do......doT46717.99(e)(1)NA
Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense
‘Ahinahina......do......doE219NANA
Aristida chaseae NoneU.S.A. (PR)PoaceaeE501NANA
Aristida portoricensis Pelos del diablo......do......doE398NANA
Asclepias meadii Mead's milkweedU.S.A. (IA, IL, IN, KS, MO,
WI)AsclepiadaceaeT321NANA
Asclepias welshii Welsh's milkweedU.S.A. (AZ,
UT)......doT29517.96(a)NA
Asimina tetramera Four-petal pawpawU.S.A. (FL)AnnonaceaeE244NANA
Astragalus albens Cushenbury milk-vetchU.S.A.
(CA)FabaceaeE54817.96(a)NA
Astragalus ampullarioides Shivwits milk-vetchU.S.A.
(UT)......doE71117.96(a)NA

Astragalus applegatei Applegate's milk-vetchU.S.A.
(OR)......doE510NANA
Astragalus bibullatus Guthrie's (=Pyne's) ground-plumU.S.A.
(TN)......doE437NANA
Astragalus brauntonii Braunton's milk-vetchU.S.A.
(CA)......doE60617.96(a)NA
Astragalus clarianus Clara Hunt's milk-vetch......do......doE625NANA
Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax Sentry milk-vetchU.S.A.
(AZ)......doE409NANA
Astragalus desereticus Deseret milk-vetchU.S.A. (UT)......doT668NANA
Astragalus holmgreniorum Holmgren milk-vetchU.S.A. (UT,
AZ)......doE71117.96(a)NA
Astragalus humillimus Mancos milk-vetchU.S.A. (CO,
NM)......doE187NANA
Astragalus jaegerianus Lane Mountain milk-vetchU.S.A.
(CA)Fabaceae—PeaE64717.96(a)NA
Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae Coachella Valley
milk-vetch......doFabaceaeE64717.96(a) (No areas designated)NA
Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis Fish Slough
milk-vetch......do......doT64717.96(a)NA
Astragalaus magdalenae var. peirsonii Peirson's
milk-vetch......doFabaceae—PeaT64717.96(a)NA
Astragalus montii Heliotrope milk-vetchU.S.A.
(UT)FabaceaeT29817.96(a)NA
Astragalus osterhoutii Osterhout milk-vetchU.S.A.
(CO)......doE353NANA
Astragalus phoenix Ash Meadows milk-vetchU.S.A.
(NV)......doT18117.96(a)NA
Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus Ventura Marsh
milk-vetchU.S.A. (CA)Fabaceae—Pea FamilyE70817.96(a)NA
Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi Jesup's milk-vetchU.S.A. (NH,
VT)FabaceaeE271NANA
Astragalus tener var. titi Coastal dunes milk-vetchU.S.A.
(CA)......doE640NANA
Astragalus tricarinatus Triple-ribbed
milk-vetch......do......doE647NANA
Astrophytum asterias Star cactusU.S.A. (TX), MexicoCactaceaeE521NANA
Atriplex coronata var. notatior San Jacinto Valley crownscaleU.S.A.
(CA)Chenopodiaceae—Goosefoot Family E65017.96 (a) (No areas
designated)NA
Auerodendron pauciflorum NoneU.S.A. (PR)RhamnaceaeE531NANA
Ayenia limitaris Texas ayeniaU.S.A. (TX),
MexicoSterculiaceaeE547NANA
Baccharis vanessae Encinitas baccharisU.S.A. (CA)AsteraceaeT589NANA
Banara vanderbiltii Palo de RamónU.S.A. (PR)FlacourtiaceaeE255NANA
Baptisia arachnifera Hairy rattleweedU.S.A. (GA)FabaceaeE39NANA
Berberis nevinii Nevin's barberryU.S.A. (CA)BerberidaceaeE648NANA
Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Island
barberry......do......doE623NANA
Betula uber Virginia round-leaf birchU.S.A. (VA)BetulaceaeT39,
560NANA
Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha KookoolauU.S.A.
(HI)AsteraceaeE46717.96(b) and 17.99(e)(1)NA
Bidens wiebkei ......do......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Blennosperma bakeri Sonoma sunshineU.S.A. (CA)......doE453NANA
Boltonia decurrens Decurrent false asterU.S.A. (IL,
MO)......doT341NANA

Bonamia grandiflora Florida bonamiaU.S.A. (FL)ConvolvulaceaeT297NANA
Bonamia menziesii NoneU.S.A. (HI)......doE55917.99(a)(1), (e)(1),
(i), and (k)NA
Brighamia insignis Olulu......doCampanulaceaeE53017.99(a)(1) and
(a)(2)NA
Brighamia rockii Pua ala......do......doE48017.99(c) and (e)(1)NA
Brodiaea filifolia Thread-leaved brodiaeaU.S.A.
(CA)Liliaceae—LilyT65017.96(a)NA
Brodiaea pallida Chinese Camp brodiaea......doLiliaceaeT643NANA
Buxus vahlii Vahl's boxwoodU.S.A. (PR, VI)BuxaceaeE197NANA
Caesalpinia kavaiense UhiuhiU.S.A. (HI)FabaceaeE238NANA
Callicarpa ampla Capá rosaU.S.A. (PR)VerbenaceaeE461NANA
Callirhoe scabriuscula Texas poppy-mallowU.S.A. (TX)MalvaceaeE109,
112NANA
Calochortus tiburonensis Tiburon mariposa lilyU.S.A.
(CA)LiliaceaeT575NANA
Calyptranthes thomasiana NoneU.S.A. (PR, VI) British
VIMyrtaceaeE529NANA
Calyptridium pulchellum Mariposa pussypawsU.S.A.
(CA)PortulacaceaeT643NANA
Calyptronoma rivalis Palma de manacaU.S.A. (PR)ArecaceaeT375NANA
Calystegia stebbinsii Stebbins' morning-gloryU.S.A.
(CA)ConvolvulaceaeE596NANA
Camissonia benitensis San Benito
evening-primrose......doOnagraceaeT172NANA
Campanula robinsiae Brooksville bellflowerU.S.A.
(FL)CampanulaceaeE356NANA
Canavalia molokaiensis AwikiwikiU.S.A. (HI)FabaceaeE48017.99(c)NA
Cardamine micranthera Small-anthered bittercressU.S.A. (NC,
VA)BrassicaceaeE363NANA
Carex albida White sedgeU.S.A. (CA)CyperaceaeE625NANA
Carex lutea Golden sedgeU.S.A. (NC)......doE721NANA
Carex specuicola Navajo sedgeU.S.A. (AZ, UT)......doT17817.96(a)NA
Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta Tiburon paintbrushU.S.A.
(CA)ScrophulariaceaeE575NANA
Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta Fleshy
owl's-clover......do......doT61117.96(a)NA
Castilleja cinerea Ash-gray Indian
paintbrush......do......doT643NANA
Castilleja grisea San Clemente Island Indian
paintbrush......do......doE26NANA
Castilleja levisecta Golden paintbrushU.S.A. (OR, WA), Canada
(B.C.)......doT615NANA
Castilleja mollis Soft-leaved paintbrushU.S.A. (CA)......doE623NANA
Catesbaea melanocarpa NoneU.S.A. (PR, VI), Antigua, Barbuda,
GuadalupeRubiaceaeE657NANA
Caulanthus californicus California jewelflowerU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE395NANA
Ceanothus ferrisae Coyote ceanothus......doRhamnaceaeE575NANA
Ceanothus ophiochilus Vail Lake ceanothus......do......doT648NANA
Ceanothus roderickii Pine Hill ceanothus......do......doE596NANA
Cenchrus agrimonioides KamanomanoU.S.A. (HI)PoaceaeE59217.99(e)(1)
and (i)NA
Centaurium namophilum Spring-loving centauryU.S.A. (CA,
NV)GentianaceaeT18117.96(a)NA
Centaurium sebaeoides AwiwiU.S.A. (HI)......doE44817.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA

Cercocarpus traskiae Catalina Island mountain-mahoganyU.S.A.
(CA)RosaceaeE624NANA
Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans Fragrant prickly-appleU.S.A.
(FL)CactaceaeE208NANA
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. mirabilis NoneU.S.A.
(PR)FabaceaeE379NANA
Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana AkokoU.S.A.
(HI)EuphorbiaceaeE44817.99(i)NA
Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea Deltoid spurgeU.S.A.
(FL)......doE192NANA
Chamaesyce deppeana AkokoU.S.A. (HI)......doE53617.99(i)NA
Chamaesyce garberi Garber's spurgeU.S.A. (FL)......doT192NANA
Chamaesyce halemanui NoneU.S.A. (HI)......doE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Chamaesyce herbstii Akoko......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Chamaesyce hooveri Hoover's spurgeU.S.A. (CA)......doT61117.96(a)NA
Chamaesyce kuwaleana AkokoU.S.A. (HI)......doE44817.99(i)NA
Chamaesyce rockii ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana ‘Ewa Plains
‘akoko......do......doE120NANA
Chionanthus pygmaeus Pygmy fringe-treeU.S.A. (FL)OleaceaeE256NANA
Chlorogalum purpureum Purple amole (Camatta Canyon amole)U.S.A.
(CA)Liliaceae—LilyT68917.96(a)NA
Chorizanthe howellii Howell's
spineflower......doPolygonaceaeE472NANA
Chorizanthe orcuttiana Orcutt's spineflower......do......doE589NANA
Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana Ben Lomond
spineflower......do......doE528NANA
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Monterey
Spineflower......doPolygonaceae—BuckwheatT52817.96(a)NA
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii Scotts Valley
spineflower......do......doE52817.96(a)NA
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta Robust
Spineflower......do......doE52817.96(b)NA
Chorizanthe valida Sonoma spineflower......doPolygonaceaeE472NANA
Chrysopsis floridana Florida golden asterU.S.A.
(FL)AsteraceaeE232NANA
Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale Fountain thistleU.S.A.
(CA)......doE575NANA
Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense Chorro Creek bog
thistle......do......doE567NANA
Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum Suisun
thistle......do......doE62717.96 (a)NA
Cirsium loncholepis La Graciosa
thistle......doAsteraceae—SunflowerE69117.96(a)NA
Cirsium pitcheri Pitcher's thistleU.S.A. (IL, IN, MI, WI), Canada
(Ont.)AsteraceaeT315NANA
Cirsium vinaceum Sacramento Mountains thistleU.S.A.
(NM)......doT276NANA
Clarkia franciscana Presidio clarkiaU.S.A. (CA)OnagraceaeE575NANA
Clarkia imbricata Vine Hill clarkia......do......doE625NANA
Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata Pismo
clarkia......do......doE567NANA
Clarkia springvillensis Springville clarkia......do......doT643NANA
Clematis morefieldii Morefield's leather-flowerU.S.A.
(AL)RanunculaceaeE468NANA
Clematis socialis Alabama leather-flower......do......doE245NANA
Clermontia drepanomorpha Oha waiU.S.A.

(HI)CampanulaceaeE59517.99(k)NA
Clermontia lindseyana ......do......do......doE53217.99(e)(1) and
(k)NA
Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes Oha
wai......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis
......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Clermontia peleana ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Clermontia pyrularia ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Clermontia samuelii ......do......do......doE66617.99(e)(1)NA
Clitoria fragrans Pigeon wingsU.S.A. (FL)FabaceaeT500NANA
Colubrina oppositifolia KauilaU.S.A. (HI)RhamnaceaeE53217.99(e)(1),
(i), and (k)NA
Conradina brevifolia Short-leaved rosemaryU.S.A.
(FL)LamiaceaeE507NANA
Conradina etonia Etonia rosemary......do......doE507NANA
Conradina glabra Apalachicola rosemary......do......doE507NANA
Conradina verticillata Cumberland rosemaryU.S.A. (KY,
TN)......doT452NANA
Cordia bellonis NoneU.S.A. (PR)BoraginaceaeE601NANA
Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus Salt marsh bird's-beakU.S.A.
(CA), Mexico (Baja California)ScrophulariaceaeE44NANA
Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Soft bird's-beakU.S.A.
(CA)......doE62717.96 (a)NA
Cordylanthus palmatus Palmate-bracted
bird's-beak......do......doE235NANA
Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris Pennell's
bird's-beak......do......doE575NANA
Cornutia obovata Palo de niguaU.S.A. (PR)VerbenaceaeE307NANA
Coryphantha minima Nellie cory cactusU.S.A. (TX)CactaceaeE81NANA
Coryphantha ramillosa Bunched cory cactusU.S.A. (TX), Mexico
(Coahuila)......doT77NANA
Coryphantha robbinsorum Cochise pincushion cactusU.S.A. (AZ), Mexico
(Sonora)......doT214NANA
Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina Pima pineapple
cactus......do......doE515NANA
Coryphantha sneedii var. leei Lee pincushion cactusU.S.A.
(NM)......doT61NANA
Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii Sneed pincushion cactusU.S.A. (NM,
TX)......doE82NANA
Cranichis ricartii NoneU.S.A. (PR)OrchidaceaeE451NANA
Crescentia portoricensis Higuero de
Sierra......doBignoniaceaeE301NANA
Crotalaria avonensis Avon Park harebellsU.S.A. (FL)FabaceaeE500NANA
Cryptantha crassipes Terlingua Creek cats-eyeU.S.A.
(TX)BoraginaceaeE439NANA
Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis Okeechobee gourdU.S.A.
(FL)CucurbitaceaeE507NANA
Cyanea acuminata HaHaU.S.A. (HI)CampanulaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Cyanea asarifolia ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii ......do......do......doE532NANA
Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis
......do......do......doE66617.99(e)(1)NA
Cyanea ( =Rollandia ) crispa None......do......doE53617.99(i)NA
Cyanea dunbarii Haha......do......doE59417.99(c)NA
Cyanea glabra ......do......do......doE66617.99(e)(1)NA
Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana

......do......do......doE59217.99(c), (e)(1), and (i)NA
Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae ......do......do......doE54117.99(i)NA
Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii
......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora
......do......do......doE66617.99(e)(1)NA
Cyanea humboltiana ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyanea koolauensis ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyanea lobata ......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Cyanea longiflora ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii None......do......doE435NANA
Cyanea mannii Haha......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Cyanea mceldowneyi ......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Cyanea pinnatifida ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Cyanea platyphylla ......do......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Cyanea procera ......do......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Cyanea recta ......do......do......doT59017.99(a)(1)NA
Cyanea remyi ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Cyanea shipmanii ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Cyanea st.-johnii ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyanea stictophylla ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Cyanea superba None......do......doE43417.99(i)NA
Cyanea truncata Haha......do......doE53617.99(i)NA
Cyanea undulata None......do......doE43617.99(a)(1)NA
Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii Jones cycladeniaU.S.A. (AZ,
UT)ApocynaceaeT229NANA
Cyperus trachysanthos PuukaaU.S.A. (HI)CyperaceaeE59217.99(a)(1) and
(i)NA
Cyrtandra crenata Ha‘iwale......doGesneriaceaeE536NANA
Cyrtandra cyaneoides Mapele......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Cyrtandra dentata Haiwale......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyrtandra giffardii ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Cyrtandra limahuliensis ......do......do......doT53017.99(a)(1)NA
Cyrtandra munroi ......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Cyrtandra polyantha ......do......do......doE53617.99(i)NA
Cyrtandra subumbellata ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Cyrtandra tintinnabula ......do......do......doE53217.99(k)NA
Cyrtandra viridiflora ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Dalea foliosa Leafy prairie-cloverU.S.A. (AL, IL,
TN)FabaceaeE422NANA
Daphnopsis hellerana NoneU.S.A. (PR)ThymelaeaceaeE309NANA
Deeringothamnus pulchellus Beautiful pawpawU.S.A.
(FL)AnnonaceaeE244NANA
Deeringothamnus rugelii Rugel's pawpaw......do......doE244NANA
Deinandra (= Hemizonia ) conjugens Otay tarplantU.S.A. (CA),
MexicoAsteraceae—SunflowerT64917.96(a)NA
Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa Gaviota tarplantU.S.A.
(CA)......doE69117.96(a)NA
Delissea rhytidosperma NoneU.S.A. (HI)CampanulaceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Delissea rivularis Oha......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Delissea subcordata ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Delissea undulata None......do......doE59317.99(a)(1) and (k)NA
Delphinium bakeri Baker's larkspurU.S.A.
(CA)RanunculaceaeE68117.96(a)NA
Delphinium luteum Yellow larkspur......do......doE68117.96(a)NA
Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense San Clemente Island
larkspur......do......doE26NANA

Dicerandra christmanii Garrett's mintU.S.A. (FL)LamiaceaeE207,
362NANA
Dicerandra cornutissima Longspurred mint......do......doE207NANA
Dicerandra frutescens Scrub mint......do......doE207, 362NANA
Dicerandra immaculata Lakela's mint......do......doE180NANA
Dodecahema leptoceras Slender-horned spineflowerU.S.A.
(CA)PolygonaceaeE291NANA
Dubautia herbstobatae NaenaeU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE44817.99(i)NA
Dubautia latifolia ......do......do......doE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Dubautia pauciflorula ......do......do......doE43617.99(a)(1)NA
Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis
......do......do......doE66617.99(e)(1)NA
Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva Conejo dudleyaU.S.A.
(CA)CrassulaceaeT606NANA
Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens Marcescent
dudleya......do......doT606NANA
Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Santa Monica Mountains
dudleya......do......doT606NANA
Dudleya nesiotica Santa Cruz Island dudleya......do......doT623NANA
Dudleya setchellii Santa Clara Valley
dudleya......do......doE575NANA
Dudleya stolonifera Laguna Beach liveforever......do......doT649NANA
Dudleya traskiae Santa Barbara Island
liveforever......do......doE39NANA
Dudleya verityi Verity's dudleya......do......doT606NANA
Echinacea laevigata Smooth coneflowerU.S.A. (GA, MD, NC, PA, SC,
VA)AsteraceaeE481NANA
Echinacea tennesseensis Tennessee purple coneflowerU.S.A.
(TN)......doE49NANA
Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii Nichol's Turk's head
cactusU.S.A. (AZ)CactaceaeE71NANA
Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis Chisos Mountain hedgehog
cactusU.S.A. (TX)......doT335NANA
Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri Kuenzler hedgehog cactusU.S.A.
(NM)......doE70NANA
Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii Black lace cactusU.S.A.
(TX)......doE68NANA
Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus Arizona hedgehog
cactusU.S.A. (AZ)......doE62NANA
Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Davis' green pitayaU.S.A.
(TX)......doE81NANA
Echinomastus mariposensis Lloyd's Mariposa cactusU.S.A. (TX), Mexico
(Coahuila)......doT77NANA
Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata Ash Meadows sunrayU.S.A.
(NV)AsteraceaeT18117.96(a)NA
Eragrostis fosbergii Fosberg's love grassU.S.A.
(HI)PoaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Eremalche kernensis Kern mallowU.S.A. (CA)MalvaceaeE395NANA
Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum Santa Ana River
woolly-star......doPolemoniaceaeE291NANA
Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens Willamette daisyU.S.A.
(OR)Asteraceae—Aster familyE67917.96NA
Erigeron maguirei Maguire daisyU.S.A. (UT)AsteraceaeT202, 584NANA
Erigeron parishii Parish's daisyU.S.A. (CA)......doT54817.96(a)NA
Erigeron rhizomatus Zuni fleabaneU.S.A. (NM)......doT177NANA
Eriodictyon altissimum Indian Knob mountain balmU.S.A.
(CA)HydrophyllaceaeE567NANA

Eriodictyon capitatum Lompoc yerba
santa......doHydrophyllaceae—WaterleafE69117.96(a)NA
Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum) Ione (incl. Irish Hill)
buckwheat......doPolygonaceaeE661NANA
Eriogonum gypsophilum Gypsum wild-buckwheatU.S.A. (NM)......doT110,
11217.96(a)NA
Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum Southern mountain
wild-buckwheatU.S.A. (CA)......doT644NANA
Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium Scrub buckwheatU.S.A.
(FL)......doT500NANA
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum Cushenbury buckwheatU.S.A.
(CA)......doE54817.96(a)NA
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae Steamboat buckwheatU.S.A.
(NV)......doE237NANA
Eriogonum pelinophilum Clay-loving wild-buckwheatU.S.A.
(CO)......doE15117.96(a)NA
Eriophyllum latilobum San Mateo woolly sunflowerU.S.A.
(CA)AsteraceaeE575NANA
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii San Diego
button-celery......doApiaceaeE512NANA
Eryngium constancei Loch Lomond coyote-thistle......do......doE194E,
249NANA
Eryngium cuneifolium SnakerootU.S.A. (FL)......doE256NANA
Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum Contra Costa wallflowerU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE3917.96(a)NA
Erysimum menziesii Menzies' wallflower......do......doE472NANA
Erysimum teretifolium Ben Lomond wallflower......do......doE528NANA
Erythronium propullans Minnesota dwarf trout lilyU.S.A.
(MN)LiliaceaeE221NANA
Eugenia haematocarpa UvilloU.S.A. (PR)MyrtaceaeE564NANA
Eugenia koolauensis NioiU.S.A. (HI)......doE53617.99(c) and (i)NA
Eugenia woodburyana NoneU.S.A. (PR)......doE551NANA
Euphorbia haeleeleana AkokoU.S.A. (HI)EuphorbiaceaeE59217.99(a)(1)
and (i)NA
Euphorbia telephioides Telephus spurgeU.S.A. (FL)......doT463NANA
Eutrema penlandii Penland alpine fen mustardU.S.A.
(CO)BrassicaceaeT509NANA
Exocarpos luteolus HeauU.S.A. (HI)SantalaceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Flueggea neowawraea Mehamehame......doEuphorbiaceaeE55917.99(a)(1),
(c), (e)(1), (i) and (k)NA
Frankenia johnstonii Johnston's frankeniaU.S.A. (TX), Mexico (Nuevo
Leon)FrankeniaceaeE155NANA
Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens Pine Hill
flannelbushU.S.A. (CA)SterculiaceaeE596NANA
Fremontodendron mexicanum Mexican flannelbushU.S.A. (CA),
Mexico......doE648NANA
Fritillaria gentneri Gentner's fritillaryU.S.A.
(OR)LiliaceaeE672NANA
Gahnia lanaiensis NoneU.S.A. (HI)CyperaceaeE435NANA
Galactia smallii Small's milkpeaU.S.A. (FL)FabaceaeE192NANA
Galium buxifolium Island bedstrawU.S.A. (CA)RubiaceaeE623NANA
Galium californicum ssp. sierrae El Dorado
bedstraw......do......doE596NANA
Gardenia brighamii Hawaiian gardenia (Na‘u)U.S.A.
(HI)......doE198NANA
Gardenia mannii Nanu......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Gaura neomexicana ssp. coloradensis Colorado butterfly plantU.S.A.

(WY, NE, CO)Onagraceae-Evening PrimroseT70417.96(a)NA
Geocarpon minimum NoneU.S.A. (AR, LA, MO)CaryophyllaceaeT275NANA
Geranium arboreum Hawaiian red-flowered geraniumU.S.A.
(HI)GeraniaceaeE46517.99(e)(1)NA
Geranium multiflorum Nohoanu......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Gesneria pauciflora NoneU.S.A. (PR)GesneriaceaeT578NANA
Geum radiatum Spreading avensU.S.A. (NC, TN)RosaceaeE381NANA
Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria Monterey giliaU.S.A.
(CA)PolemoniaceaeE472NANA
Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii Hoffmann's slender-flowered
gilia......do......doE623NANA
Goetzea elegans Beautiful goetzea or matabueyU.S.A.
(PR)SolanaceaeE176NANA
Gouania hillebrandii NoneU.S.A. (HI)RhamnaceaeE16517.96(a)NA
Gouania meyenii ......do......do......doE44817.99(a)(1) and (i)NA
Gouania vitifolia ......do......do......doE54117.99(e)(1), and (k)NA
Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Ash Meadows gumplantU.S.A. (CA,
NV)AsteraceaeT18117.96(a)NA
Hackelia venusta Showy stickseedU.S.A.
(WA)Boraginaceae—BorageE722NANA
Halophila johnsonii Johnson's seagrassU.S.A.
(FL)HydrocharitaceaeT663226.213NA
Haplostachys haplostachya NoneU.S.A. (HI)LamiaceaeE73NANA
Harperocallis flava Harper's beautyU.S.A. (FL)LiliaceaeE57NANA
Harrisia portoricensis Higo chumboU.S.A. (PR)CactaceaeT397NANA
Hedeoma todsenii Todsen's pennyroyalU.S.A. (NM)LamiaceaeE110,
11217.96(a)NA
Hedyotis cookiana AwiwiU.S.A. (HI)RubiaceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Hedyotis coriacea Kioele......do......doE46717.99(e)(1) and (i)NA
Hedyotis degeneri None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Hedyotis mannii Pilo......do......doE48017.99(e)(1)NA
Hedyotis parvula None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Hedyotis purpurea var. montana Roan Mountain bluetU.S.A. (NC,
TN)......doE381NANA
Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi KopaU.S.A.
(HI)......doE666NANA
Hedyotis st.-johnii Na Pali beach
hedyotis......do......doE44117.99(a)(1)NA
Helenium virginicum Virginia sneezeweedU.S.A. (MO,
VA)AsteraceaeT652NANA
Helianthemum greenei Island rush-roseU.S.A. (CA)CistaceaeT623NANA
Helianthus paradoxus Pecos (=puzzle, =paradox) sunflowerU.S.A. (NM,
TX)AsteraceaeT667NANA
Helianthus schweinitzii Schweinitz's sunflowerU.S.A. (NC,
SC)......doE424NANA
Helonias bullata Swamp pinkU.S.A. (DE, GA, MD, NC, NJ, NY, SC,
VA)LiliaceaeT326NANA
Hesperolinon congestum Marin dwarf-flaxU.S.A. (CA)LinaceaeT575NANA
Hesperomannia arborescens NoneU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE53617.99(c) and
(i)NA
Hesperomannia arbuscula ......do......do......doE44817.99(e)(1) and
(i)NA
Hesperomannia lydgatei ......do......do......doE43617.99(a)(1)NA
Hexastylis naniflora Dwarf-flowered heartleafU.S.A. (NC,
SC)AristolochiaceaeT347NANA
Hibiscadelphus distans Kauai hau kuahiwiU.S.A. (HI)MalvaceaeE225NANA
Hibiscadelphus giffardianus Hau

kuahiwi......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis ......do......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Hibiscadelphus woodii ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus Kokio
keokeo......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Hibiscus brackenridgei Mao hau hele......do......doE55917.99(c),
(e)(1), (i), and (k)NA
Hibiscus clayi Clay's hibiscus......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae Kokio
keokeo......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Hoffmannseggia tenella Slender rush-peaU.S.A. (TX)FabaceaeE209NANA
Holocarpha macradenia Santa Cruz tarplantU.S.A.
(CA)Asteraceae—SunflowerT69017.96(a)NA
Howellia aquatilis Water howelliaU.S.A. (CA, ID, MT, OR,
WA)CampanulaceaeT542NANA
Hudsonia montana Mountain golden heatherU.S.A.
(NC)CistaceaeT10717.96(a)NA
Hymenoxys herbacea Lakeside daisyU.S.A. (IL, MI, OH), Canada
(Ont.)AsteraceaeT310NANA
Hymenoxys texana Texas prairie dawn-flowerU.S.A.
(TX)......doE218NANA
Hypericum cumulicola Highlands scrub hypericumU.S.A.
(FL)HypericaceaeE256NANA
Ilex cookii Cook's hollyU.S.A. (PR)AquifoliaceaeE277NANA
Ilex sintenisii None......do......doE461NANA
Iliamna corei Peter's Mountain mallowU.S.A. (VA)MalvaceaeE230NANA
Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus Holy Ghost ipomopsisU.S.A.
(NM)PolemoniaceaeE535NANA
Iris lacustris Dwarf lake irisU.S.A. (MI, WI), Canada
(Ont.)IridaceaeT330NANA
Ischaemum byrone Hilo ischaemumU.S.A. (HI)PoaceaeE53217.99(a)(1),
(c), (e)(1), and (k)NA
Isodendrion hosakae Aupaka......doViolaceaeT41417.99(k)NA
Isodendrion laurifolium ......do......do......doE59217.99(a)(1) and
(i)NA
Isodendrion longifolium ......do......do......doT59217.99(a)(1) and
(i)NA
Isodendrion pyrifolium Wahine noho kula......do......doE53217.99(c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Isotria medeoloides Small whorled pogoniaU.S.A. (CT, DC, DE, GA, IL,
MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT,WV),
Canada (Ont.)OrchidaceaeT122, 556NANA
Ivesia kingii var. eremica Ash Meadows ivesiaU.S.A.
(NV)RosaceaeT18117.96(a)NA
Jacquemontia reclinata Beach jacquemontiaU.S.A.
(FL)ConvolvulaceaeE523NANA
Jatropha costaricensis Costa Rican jatrophaCosta
RicaEuphorbiaceaeE154NANA
Juglans jamaicensis Nogal or West Indian walnutU.S.A. (PR), Cuba,
HispaniolaJuglandaceaeE603NANA
Justicia cooleyi Cooley's water-willowU.S.A. (FL)AcanthaceaeE356NANA
Kanaloa kahoolawensis Kohe malama malama o kanaloaU.S.A.
(HI)FabaceaeE66617.99(e)(2)NA
Kokia cookei Cooke's koki‘o......doMalvaceaeE74NANA
Kokia drynarioides Koki‘o......do......doE16717.96(a)NA
Kokia kauaiensis ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Labordia cyrtandrae Kamakahala......doLoganiaceaeE59117.99(i)NA

Labordia lydgatei ......do......do......doE43617.99(a)(1)NA
Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis ......do......do......doE666NANA
Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis
......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Labordia triflora ......do......do......doE66617.99(c)NA
Lasthenia burkei Burke's goldfieldsU.S.A. (CA)AsteraceaeE453NANA
Lasthenia conjugens Contra Costa
goldfields......do......doE61917.96(a)NA
Layia carnosa Beach layia......do......doE472NANA
Lembertia congdonii San Joaquin
wooly-threads......do......doE395NANA
Lepanthes eltoroensis NoneU.S.A. (PR)OrchidaceaeE451NANA
Lepidium arbuscula AnaunauU.S.A. (HI)BrassicaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Lepidium barnebyanum Barneby ridge-cressU.S.A. (UT)......doE402NANA
Leptocereus grantianus NoneU.S.A. (PR)CactaceaeE491NANA
Lespedeza leptostachya Prairie bush-cloverU.S.A. (IA, IL, MN,
WI)FabaceaeT254NANA
Lesquerella congesta Dudley Bluffs bladderpodU.S.A.
(CO)BrassicaceaeT374NANA
Lesquerella filiformis Missouri bladderpodU.S.A. (AR,
MO)......doT253, 739NANA
Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina San Bernardino Mountains
bladderpodU.S.A. (CA)......doE54817.96(a)NA
Lesquerella lyrata Lyrate bladderpodU.S.A. (AL)......doT403NANA
Lesquerella pallida White bladderpodU.S.A. (TX)......doE260NANA
Lesquerella perforata Spring Creek bladderpodU.S.A.
(TN)......doE599NANA
Lesquerella thamnophila Zapata bladderpodU.S.A. (TX),
Mexico......doE67117.96(a)NA
Lesquerella tumulosa Kodachrome bladderpodU.S.A.
(UT)......doE519NANA
Lessingia germanorum (=L. g. var. germanorum) San Francisco
lessingiaU.S.A. (CA)AsteraceaeE620NANA
Liatris helleri Heller's blazingstarU.S.A. (NC)......doT300NANA
Liatris ohlingerae Scrub blazingstarU.S.A. (FL)......doE356NANA
Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva Huachuca water-umbelU.S.A.
(AZ), MexicoApiaceaeE60017.96(a)NA
Lilium occidentale Western lilyU.S.A. (OR, CA)LiliaceaeE544NANA
Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense Pitkin Marsh lilyU.S.A.
(CA)......doE625NANA
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica Butte County
meadowfoam......doLimnanthaceaeE47117.96(a)NA
Limnanthes floccosa ssp. grandiflora large-flowered woolly
meadowfoamU.S.A. (OR)......doE733NANA
Limnanthes vinculans Sebastopol meadowfoamU.S.A.
(CA)......doE453NANA
Lindera melissifolia PondberryU.S.A. (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MO, MS,
NC, SC)LauraceaeE240NANA
Lipochaeta fauriei NeheU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Lipochaeta kamolensis ......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla
......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Lipochaeta micrantha ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Lipochaeta tenuifolia ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Lipochaeta venosa None......do......doE73NANA
Lipochaeta waimeaensis Nehe......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Lithophragma maximum San Clemente Island woodland-starU.S.A.

(CA)SaxifragaceaeE624NANA
Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis NoneU.S.A.
(HI)CampanulaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Lobelia monostachya ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Lobelia niihauensis ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Lobelia oahuensis ......do......do......doE53617.99(i)NA
Lomatium bradshawii Bradshaw's desert-parsleyU.S.A.
(OR,WA)ApiaceaeE333NANA
Lomatium cookii Cook's lomatiumU.S.A. (OR)......doE733NANA
Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae San Clemente Island broomU.S.A.
(CA)FabaceaeE26NANA
Lupinus aridorum Scrub lupineU.S.A. (FL)......doE264NANA
Lupinus nipomensis Nipomo Mesa lupineU.S.A. (CA)......doE691NANA
Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii Kincaid's lupineU.S.A (OR,
WA)Fabaceae—Pea familyT67917.96NA
Lupinus tidestromii Clover lupineU.S.A. (CA)FabaceaeE472NANA
Lyonia truncata var. proctorii NoneU.S.A. (PR)EricaceaeE501NANA
Lysimachia asperulaefolia Rough-leaved loosestrifeU.S.A. (NC,
SC)PrimulaceaeE274NANA
Lysimachia filifolia NoneU.S.A. (HI)......doE53017.99(a)(1) and
(i)NA
Lysimachia lydgatei ......do......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Lysimachia maxima ......do......do......doE59417.99(c)NA
Macbridea alba White birds-in-a-nestU.S.A. (FL)LamiaceaeT463NANA
Malacothamnus clementinus San Clemente Island bush-mallowU.S.A.
(CA)MalvaceaeE26NANA
Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus Santa Cruz Island
bushmallow......do......doE623NANA
Malacothrix indecora Santa Cruz Island
malocothrix......doAsteraceaeE623NANA
Malacothrix squalida Island malacothrix......do......doE623NANA
Manihot walkerae Walker's maniocU.S.A. (TX),
MexicoEuphorbiaceaeE445NANA
Mariscus fauriei NoneU.S.A (HI)CyperaceaeE53217.99(c) and (k)NA
Mariscus pennatiformis ......do......do......doE55917.99(a)(1),
(e)(1), (g), and (i)NA
Marshallia mohrii Mohr's Barbara's buttonsU.S.A. (AL,
GA)AsteraceaeT324NANA
Melicope adscendens AlaniU.S.A. (HI)RutaceaeE56517.99(e)(1)NA
Melicope balloui ......do......do......doE56517.99(e)(1)NA
Melicope haupuensis ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Melicope knudsenii ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1) and
(e)(1)NA
Melicope lydgatei ......do......do......doE53617.99(i)NA
Melicope mucronulata ......do......do......doE46717.99(c) and
(e)(1)NA
Melicope munroi ......do......do......doE666NANA
Melicope ovalis ......do......do......doE56517.99(e)(1)NA
Melicope pallida ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1) and (i)NA
Melicope quadrangularis ......do......do......doE530NANA
Melicope reflexa ......do......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Melicope saint-johnii ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Melicope zahlbruckneri ......do......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Mentzelia leucophylla Ash Meadows blazing-starU.S.A.
(NV)LoasaceaeT18117.96(a)NA
Mimulus glabratus var. michiganensis Michigan monkey-flowerU.S.A.
(MI)ScrophulariaceaeE392NANA

Mirabilis macfarlanei MacFarlane's four-o'clockU.S.A. (ID,
OR)NyctaginaceaeT66, 581NANA
Mitracarpus maxwelliae NoneU.S.A. (PR)RubiaceaeE551NANA
Mitracarpus polycladus ......doU.S.A. (PR), Saba......doE551NANA
Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Willowy monardellaU.S.A. (CA),
MexicoLamiaceaeE64917.96(a)NA
Munroidendron racemosum NoneU.S.A. (HI)AraliaceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Myrcia paganii ......doU.S.A. (PR)MyrtaceaeE529NANA
Myrsine juddii KoleaU.S.A. (HI)MyrsinaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Myrsine linearifolia ......do......do......doT59017.99(a)(1)NA
Navarretia fossalis Spreading navarretiaU.S.A. (CA), Mexico (Baja
California)PolemoniaceaeT65017.96(a)NA
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora (=N. pauciflora)
Few-flowered navarretiaU.S.A. (CA)......doE619NANA
Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha Many-flowered
navarretia......do......doE619NANA
Neostapfia colusana Colusa grass......doPoaceaeT61117.96(a)NA
Neraudia angulata NoneU.S.A. (HI)UrticaceaeE44817.99(i)NA
Neraudia ovata ......do......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Neraudia sericea ......do......do......doE55917.99(c) and (e)(1)NA
Nesogenes rotensis NoneWestern Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Commonwealth of
the Northern Mariana Islands)Verbenaceae—Verbena familyE742NANA
Nitrophila mohavensis Amargosa niterwortU.S.A. (CA,
NV)ChenopodiaceaeE18117.96(a)NA
Nolina brittoniana Britton's beargrassU.S.A. (FL)AgavaceaeE500NANA
Nothocestrum breviflorum AieaU.S.A (HI)SolanaceaeE53217.99(k)NA
Nothocestrum peltatum ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Nototrichium humile Kului......doAmaranthaceaeE44817.99(e)(1) and
(i)NA
Ochrosia kilaueaensis Holei......doApocynaceaeE532NANA
Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis Eureka Valley evening-primroseU.S.A.
(CA)OnagraceaeE39NANA
Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii Antioch Dunes
evening-primrose......do......doE3917.96(a)NA
Opuntia treleasei Bakersfield cactus......doCactaceaeE395NANA
Orcuttia californica California Orcutt grass......doPoaceaeE512NANA
Orcuttia inaequalis San Joaquin Valley Orcutt
grass......do......doT61117.96(a)NA
Orcuttia pilosa Hairy Orcutt grass......do......doT61117.96(a)NA
Orcuttia tenuis Slender Orcutt grass......do......doT61117.96(a)NA
Orcuttia viscida Sacramento Orcutt
grass......do......doT61117.96(a)NA
Osmoxylon mariannense NoneWestern Pacific Ocean—U.S.A. (Commonwealth
of the Northern Mariana Islands)Araliaceae—Ginseng familyE742NANA
Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon Palo de rosaU.S.A. (PR), Dominican
RepublicIcacinaceaeE385NANA
Oxypolis canbyi Canby's dropwortU.S.A. (DE, GA, MD, NC,
SC)ApiaceaeE217NANA
Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana Cushenbury oxythecaU.S.A.
(CA)PolygonaceaeE54817.96(a)NA
Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea Fassett's locoweedU.S.A.
(WI)FabaceaeT329NANA
Panicum fauriei var. carteri Carter's panicgrassU.S.A.
(HI)PoaceaeE13317.96(a)NA
Panicum niihauense Lau ehu......do......doE59217.99(a)(1)NA
Paronychia chartacea Papery whitlow-wortU.S.A.
(FL)CaryophyllaceaeT256NANA

Parvisedum leiocarpum Lake County stonecropU.S.A.
(CA)CrassulaceaeE619NANA
Pedicularis furbishiae Furbish lousewortU.S.A. (ME), Canada
(N.B.)ScrophulariaceaeE39NANA
Pediocactus bradyi Brady pincushion cactusU.S.A.
(AZ)CactaceaeE63NANA
Pediocactus despainii San Rafael cactusU.S.A. (UT)......doE286NANA
Pediocactus knowltonii Knowlton cactusU.S.A. (CO, NM)......doE72NANA
Pediocactus peeblesianus var. peeblesianus Peebles Navajo
cactusU.S.A. (AZ)......doE69NANA
Pediocactus sileri Siler pincushion cactusU.S.A. (AZ,
UT)......doT64, 524NANA
Pediocactus winkleri Winkler cactusU.S.A. (UT)......doT641NANA
Penstemon haydenii Blowout penstemonU.S.A.
(NE)ScrophulariaceaeE285NANA
Penstemon penlandii Penland beardtongueU.S.A. (CO)......doE353NANA
Pentachaeta bellidiflora White-rayed pentachaetaU.S.A.
(CA)AsteraceaeE575NANA
Pentachaeta lyonii Lyon's pentachaeta......do......doE60617.96(a)NA
Peperomia wheeleri Wheeler's peperomiaU.S.A. (PR)PiperaceaeE255NANA
Peucedanum sandwicense MakouU.S.A. (HI)ApiaceaeT53017.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Phacelia argillacea Clay phaceliaU.S.A. (UT)HydrophyllaceaeE44NANA
Phacelia formosula North Park phaceliaU.S.A. (CO)......doE121NANA
Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis Island phaceliaU.S.A.
(CA)......doE623NANA
Phlox hirsuta Yreka phlox......doPolemoniaceaeE683NANA
Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis Texas trailing phloxU.S.A.
(TX)......doE440NANA
Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis NoneU.S.A. (HI)LamiaceaeE435NANA
Phyllostegia hirsuta ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Phyllostegia kaalaensis ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Phyllostegia knudsenii ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Phyllostegia mannii ......do......do......doE48017.99(c) and
(e)(1)NA
Phyllostegia mollis ......do......do......doE44817.99(e)(1) and
(i)NA
Phyllostegia parviflora ......do......do......doE59217.99(i)NA
Phyllostegia racemosa Kiponapona......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Phyllostegia velutina None......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Phyllostegia waimeae ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Phyllostegia warshaueri ......do......do......doE59517.99(k)NA
Phyllostegia wawrana ......do......do......doE59 017.99(a)(1)NA
Physaria obcordata Dudley Bluffs twinpodU.S.A.
(CO)BrassicaceaeT374NANA
Pilosocereus robinii Key tree-cactusU.S.A. (FL),
CubaCactaceaeE153NANA
Pinguicula ionantha Godfrey's butterwortU.S.A.
(FL)LentibulariaceaeT507NANA
Piperia yadonii Yadon's piperiaU.S.A. (CA)OrchidaceaeE640NANA
Pityopsis ruthii Ruth's golden asterU.S.A. (TN)AsteraceaeE191NANA
Plagiobothrys hirtus Rough popcornflowerU.S.A.
(OR)BoraginaceaeE678NANA
Plagiobothrys strictus Calistoga allocaryaU.S.A.
(CA)......doE625NANA
Plantago hawaienis Laukahi kuahiwiU.S.A
(HI)PlantaginaceaeE53217.99(k)NA

Plantago princeps ......do......do......doE55917.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Platanthera holochila None......doOrchidaceaeE59217.99(a)(1),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Platanthera leucophaea Eastern prairie fringed orchidU.S.A. (AR, IA,
IL, IN, ME, MI, MO, NE, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, VA, WI), Canada (Ont.,
N.B.)......doT368NANA
Platanthera praeclara Western prairie fringed orchidU.S.A. (IA, KS,
MN, MO, ND, NE, OK, SD), Canada (Man.)......doT368NANA
Pleodendron macranthum ChupacallosU.S.A. (PR)CanellaceaeE564NANA
Pleomele hawaiiensis Hala pepeU.S.A (HI)LiliaceaeE59517.99(k)NA
Poa atropurpurea San Bernardino bluegrassU.S.A. (CA)PoaceaeE644NANA
Poa mannii Mann's bluegrassU.S.A. (HI)......doE55817.99(a)(1)NA
Poa napensis Napa bluegrassU.S.A. (CA)......doE625NANA
Poa sandvicensis Hawaiian bluegrassU.S.A.
(HI)......doE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Poa siphonoglossa None......do......doE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Pogogyne abramsii San Diego mesa mintU.S.A. (CA)LamiaceaeE44NANA
Pogogyne nudiuscula Otay mesa mintU.S.A. (CA), Mexico (Baja
California)......doE512NANA
Polygala lewtonii Lewton's polygalaU.S.A. (FL)PolygalaceaeE500NANA
Polygala smallii Tiny polygala......do......doE192NANA
Polygonella basiramia Wireweed......doPolygonaceaeE256NANA
Polygonella myriophylla Sandlace......do......doE500NANA
Polygonum hickmanii Scotts Valley polygonumU.S.A.
(CA)......doE73617.96(a)NA
Portulaca sclerocarpa PoeU.S.A (HI)PortulacaceaeE53217.96(b) and
17.99(k)NA
Potamogeton clystocarpus Little Aguja pondweedU.S.A.
(TX)PotamogetonaceaeE450NANA
Potentilla hickmanii Hickman's potentillaU.S.A. (CA)RosaceaeE640NANA
Primula maguirei Maguire primroseU.S.A. (UT)PrimulaceaeT199NANA
Pritchardia affinis LouluU.S.A. (HI)ArecaceaeE532NANA
Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii Wahane......do......doE586NANA
Pritchardia kaalae Loulu......do......doE591NANA
Pritchardia munroi ......do......do......doE480NANA
Pritchardia napaliensis ......do......do......doE590NANA
Pritchardia remota ......do......do......doE58717.99(g)NA
Pritchardia schattaueri ......do......do......doE595NANA
Pritchardia viscosa ......do......do......doE590NANA
Prunus geniculata Scrub plumU.S.A. (FL)RosaceaeE256NANA
Pseudobahia bahiifolia Hartweg's golden sunburstU.S.A.
(CA)AsteraceaeE609NANA
Pseudobahia San Joaquin adobe sunburst......do......doT609NANA
Pteralyxia kauaiensis KauluU.S.A. (HI)ApocynaceaeE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Ptilimnium nodosum HarperellaU.S.A. (AL, AR, GA, MD, NC, SC,
WV)ApiaceaeE332NANA
Purshia subintegra Arizona cliffroseU.S.A. (AZ)RosaceaeE148NANA
Quercus hinckleyi Hinckley's oakU.S.A. (TX)FagaceaeT318NANA
Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis Autumn buttercupU.S.A.
(UT)RanunculaceaeE355NANA
Remya kauaiensis NoneU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE41317.99(a)(1)NA
Remya mauiensis Maui remya......do......doE41317.99(e)(1)NA
Remya montgomeryi None......do......doE41317.99(a)(1)NA
Rhododendron chapmanii Chapman rhododendronU.S.A.
(FL)EricaceaeE47NANA
Rhus michauxii Michaux's sumacU.S.A. (GA, NC, SC,

VA)AnacardiaceaeE367NANA
Rhynchospora knieskernii Knieskern's beaked-rushU.S.A. (DE,
NJ)CyperaceaeT429NANA
Ribes echinellum Miccosukee gooseberryU.S.A. (FL,
SC)SaxifragaceaeT190NANA
Rorippa gambellii Gambel's watercressU.S.A. (CA)BrassicaceaeE511NANA
Sagittaria fasciculata Bunched arrowheadU.S.A. (NC,
SC)AlismataceaeE53NANA
Sagittaria secundifolia Kral's water-plantainU.S.A. (AL,
GA)......doT386NANA
Sanicula mariversa NoneU.S.A. (HI)ApiaceaeE44817.99(i)NA
Sanicula purpurea ......do......do......doE59217.99(e)(1) and (i)NA
Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense Lanai sandalwood
(=‘iliahi)......doSantalaceaeE215NANA
Sarracenia oreophila Green pitcher-plantU.S.A. (AL, GA, NC,
TN)SarraceniaceaeE56, 89NANA
Sarracenia rubra ssp. alabamensis Alabama canebrake
pitcher-plantU.S.A. (AL)......doE346NANA
Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii Mountain sweet pitcher-plantU.S.A.
(NC, SC)......doE339NANA
Scaevola coriacea Dwarf naupakaU.S.A. (HI)GoodeniaceaeE231NANA
Schiedea adamantis Diamond Head
schiedea......doCaryophyllaceaeE141NANA
Schiedea apokremnos Maolioli......do......doE44117.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea haleakalensis None......do......doE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Schiedea helleri ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea hookeri ......do......do......doE59217.99(i)NA
Schiedea kaalae ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Schiedea kauaiensis ......do......do......doE59217.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea kealiae Maolioli......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Schiedea lydgatei None......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Schiedea membranacea ......do......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea nuttallii ......do......do......doE59217.99(a)(1), (c), and
(i)NA
Schiedea sarmentosa ......do......do......doE59417.99(c)NA
Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda
......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina
......do......do......doT53017.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea stellarioides Laulihilihi
(=Maolioli)......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Schiedea verticillata None......do......doE58717.99(g)NA
Schoenocrambe argillacea Clay reed-mustardU.S.A.
(UT)BrassicaceaeT457NANA
Schoenocrambe barnebyi Barneby reed-mustard......do......doE457NANA
Schoenocrambe suffrutescens Shrubby
reed-mustard......do......doE293NANA
Schoepfia arenaria NoneU.S.A. (PR)OlacaceaeT420NANA
Schwalbea americana American chaffseedU.S.A. (AL, CT, DE, FL, GA,
LA, MA, MD, MI, MS, NC, NJ, NY, SC, TN, VA)ScrophulariaceaeE478NANA
Scirpus ancistrochaetus Northeastern bulrushU.S.A. (MA, MD, NH, NY,
PA, VA, VT, WV)CyperaceaeE425NANA
Sclerocactus glaucus Uinta Basin hookless cactusU.S.A. (CO,
UT)CactaceaeT59NANA
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae Mesa Verde cactusU.S.A. (CO,
NM)......doT75NANA
Sclerocactus wrightiae Wright fishhook cactusU.S.A.

(UT)......doE58NANA
Scutellaria floridana Florida skullcapU.S.A. (FL)LamiaceaeT463NANA
Scutellaria montana Large-flowered skullcapU.S.A. (GA,
TN)......doT234, 720NANA
Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi Leedy's roserootU.S.A. (MN,
NY)CrassulaceaeT460NANA
Senecio franciscanus San Francisco Peaks groundselU.S.A.
(AZ)AsteraceaeT13717.96(a)NA
Senecio layneae Layne's butterweedU.S.A. (CA)......doT596NANA
Serianthes nelsonii Hayun lagu (Guam), Tronkon guafi (Rota)Western
Pacific Ocean-U.S.A. (GU, MP-Rota)FabaceaeE257, 259NANA
Sesbania tomentosa OhaiU.S.A (HI)......doE55917.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), (g), (i), and (k)NA
Sibara filifolia Santa Cruz Island rock-cressU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE624NANA
Sicyos alba AnunuU.S.A (HI)CucurbitaceaeE59517.99(k)NA
Sidalcea keckii Keck's checkermallowU.S.A.
(CA)Malvaceae—MallowE68517.96(a)NA
Sidalcea nelsoniana Nelson's checker-mallowU.S.A. (OR,
WA)MalvaceaeT490NANA
Sidalcea oregana var. calva Wenatchee Mountains checker-mallowU.S.A.
(WA)Malvaceae—MallowE67317.96(a)NA
Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida Kenwood Marsh checker-mallowU.S.A.
(CA)......doE625NANA
Sidalcea pedata Pedate checker-mallow......do......doE158NANA
Silene alexandri NoneU.S.A. (HI)CaryophyllaceaeE48017.99(c)NA
Silene hawaiiensis ......do......do......doT53217.99(k)NA
Silene lanceolata ......do......do......doE48017.99(c) and (i)NA
Silene perlmanii ......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Silene polypetala Fringed campionU.S.A. (FL, GA)......doE418NANA
Silene spaldingii Spalding's catchflyU.S.A. (OR, ID, MT, WA), Canada
(B.C.)......doT712NANA
Sisyrinchium dichotomum White irisetteU.S.A. (NC)IridaceaeE438NANA
Solanum drymophilum ErubiaU.S.A. (PR)SolanaceaeE319NANA
Solanum incompletum Popolo ku maiU.S.A (HI)......doE55917.99(k)NA
Solanum sandwicense Aiakeakua, popolo......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)
and (i)NA
Solidago albopilosa White-haired goldenrodU.S.A.
(KY)AsteraceaeT308NANA
Solidago houghtonii Houghton's goldenrodU.S.A. (MI), Canada
(Ont.)......doT314NANA
Solidago shortii Short's goldenrodU.S.A. (KY)......doE201NANA
Solidago spithamaea Blue Ridge goldenrodU.S.A. (NC,
TN)......doT175NANA
Spermolepis hawaiiensis NoneU.S.A. (HI)ApiaceaeE55917.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Spigelia gentianoides Gentian pinkrootU.S.A. (AL,
FL)LoganiaceaeE406NANA
Spiraea virginiana Virginia spiraeaU.S.A. (GA, KY, NC, OH, PA, TN,
VA, WV)RosaceaeT389NANA
Spiranthes delitescens Canelo Hills ladies'-tressesU.S.A.
(AZ)OrchidaceaeE600NANA
Spiranthes diluvialis Ute ladies'-tressesU.S.A. (CO, ID, MT, NE, NV,
UT, WA, WY)......doT458NANA
Spiranthes parksii Navasota ladies'-tressesU.S.A.
(TX)......doE116NANA
Stahlia monosperma Cóbana negraU.S.A. (PR), Dominican

RepublicFabaceaeT380NANA
Stenogyne angustifolia var. angustifolia NoneU.S.A.
(HI)LamiaceaeE73NANA
Stenogyne bifida ......do......do......doE48017.99(c)NA
Stenogyne campanulata ......do......do......doE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Stenogyne kanehoana ......do......do......doE46617.99(i)NA
Stephanomeria malheurensis Malheur wire-lettuceU.S.A.
(OR)AsteraceaeE12617.96(a)NA
Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus Metcalf Canyon jewelflowerU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE575NANA
Streptanthus niger Tiburon jewelflower......do......doE575NANA
Styrax portoricensis Palo de jazmfnU.S.A. (PR)StyracaceaeE461NANA
Styrax texanus Texas snowbellsU.S.A. (TX)......doE162NANA
Suaeda californica Seablite, CaliforniaU.S.A.
(CA)ChenopodiaceaeE567NANA
Swallenia alexandrae Eureka Dune grass......doPoaceaeE39NANA
Taraxacum californicum California
taraxacum......doAsteraceaeE644NANA
Ternstroemia luquillensis Palo coloradoU.S.A. (PR)TheaceaeE461NANA
Ternstroemia subsessilis None......do......doE461NANA
Tetramolopium arenarium ......doU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE532NANA
Tetramolopium capillare Pamakani......do......doE55517.99(e)(1)NA
Tetramolopium filiforme None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum
......do......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Tetramolopium remyi ......do......do......doE43517.96(b) and
17.99(e)(1)NA
Tetramolopium rockii ......do......do......doT48017.99(c)NA
Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa Oheohe......doAraliaceaeE53617.99(i)NA
Thalictrum cooleyi Cooley's meadowrueU.S.A. (FL,
NC)RanunculaceaeE344NANA
Thelypodium howellii ssp. spectabilis Howell's spectacular
thelypodyU.S.A. (OR)BrassicaceaeT662NANA
Thelypodium stenopetalum Slender-petaled mustardU.S.A.
(CA)......doE158NANA
Thlaspi californicum Kneeland Prairie
penny-cress......doBrassicaceae—
MustardE68417.96(a)NA
Thymophylla tephroleuca Ashy dogweedU.S.A. (TX)AsteraceaeE152NANA
Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Santa Cruz Island fringepodU.S.A.
(CA)BrassicaceaeE623NANA
Townsendia aprica Last Chance townsendiaU.S.A.
(UT)AsteraceaeT200NANA
Trematolobelia singularis NoneU.S.A. (HI)CampanulaceaeE59117.99(i)NA
Trichilia triacantha BariacoU.S.A. (PR)MeliaceaeE303NANA
Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum Hidden Lake
bluecurlsU.S.A. (CA)LamiaceaeT644NANA
Trifolium amoenum Showy Indian clover......doFabaceaeE625NANA
Trifolium stoloniferum Running buffalo cloverU.S.A. (AR, IL, IN, KS,
KY, MO, OH, WV)......doE270NANA
Trifolium trichocalyx Monterey cloverU.S.A. (CA)......doE640NANA
Trillium persistens Persistent trilliumU.S.A. (GA,
SC)LiliaceaeE39NANA
Trillium reliquum Relict trilliumU.S.A. (AL, GA, SC)......doE306NANA
Tuctoria greenei Greene's tuctoriaU.S.A. (CA)PoaceaeT61117.96(a)NA
Tuctoria mucronata Solano grass......do......doT4417.96(a)NA
Urera kaalae OpuheU.S.A. (HI)UrticaceaeE44817.99(i)NA

Verbena californica Red Hills vervainU.S.A. (CA)VerbenaceaeT644NANA
Verbesina dissita Big-leaved crownbeardU.S.A. (CA),
Mexico.AsteraceaeT589NANA
Vernonia proctorii NoneU.S.A. (PR)......doE501NANA
Vicia menziesii Hawaiian vetchU.S.A. (HI)FabaceaeE39NANA
Vigna o-wahuensis None......do......doE55917.99(e)(1), (i), and
(k)NA
Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana
Pamakani......doViolaceaeE44817.99(i)NA
Viola helenae None......do......doE43617.99(a)(1)NA
Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis Nani
waialeale......do......doE59017.99(a)(1)NA
Viola lanaiensis None......do......doE435NANA
Viola oahuensis ......do......do......doE59117.99(i)NA
Warea amplexifolia Wide-leaf wareaU.S.A. (FL)BrassicaceaeE266NANA
Warea carteri Carter's mustard......do......doE256NANA
Wilkesia hobdyi DwarfiliauU.S.A. (HI)AsteraceaeE47317.99(a)(1)NA
Xylosma crenatum None......doFlacourtiaceaeE46417.99(a)(1)NA
Xyris tennesseensis Tennessee yellow-eyed grassU.S.A. (AL, GA,
TN)XyridaceaeE430NANA
Yermo xanthocephalus Desert yellowheadU.S.A.
(WY)Asteraceae—SunflowerT72317.96(a)NA
Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosumAeU.S.A
(HI)RutaceaeE59517.99(k)NA
Zanthoxylum hawaiiense ......do......do......doE53217.99(a)(1), (c),
and (e)(1)NA
Zanthoxylum thomasianum St. Thomas prickly-ashU.S.A. (PR,
VI)......doE213NANA
Zizania texana Texas wild-riceU.S.A. (TX)PoaceaeE3917.96(a)NA
Ziziphus celata Florida ziziphusU.S.A. (FL)RhamnaceaeE356NANA
Conifers
Abies guatemalensis Guatemalan fir (=pinabete)Mexico, Guatemala,
Honduras, El SalvadorPinaceaeT84NANA
Cupressus abramsiana Santa Cruz cypressU.S.A.
(CA)CupressaceaeE252NANA
Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana Gowen
cypress......do......doT640NANA
Fitzroya cupressoides Alerce or Chilean false larchChile,
Argentina......doT79NANA
Torreya taxifolia Florida torreyaU.S.A. (FL, GA)TaxaceaeE140NANA
Ferns and Allies
Adenophorus periens Pendent kihi fernU.S.A
(HI)GrammitidaceaeE55917.99(a)(1), (c), (i), and (k)NA
Adiantum vivesii NoneU.S.A. (PR)AdiantaceaeE504NANA
Asplenium fragile var. insulare ......doU.S.A
(HI)AspleniaceaeE55317.99(e)(1) and (k)NA
Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum American hart's-tongue
fernU.S.A. (AL, MI, NY, TN), Canada (Ont.)......doT354NANA
Ctenitis squamigera PauoaU.S.A. (HI)......doE55317.99(a)(1), (c),
(e)(1), and (i)NA
Cyathea dryopteroides Elfin tree fernU.S.A. (PR)CyatheaceaeE277NANA
Diellia erecta Asplenium-leaved dielliaU.S.A
(HI)AspleniaceaeE55917.99(a)(1), (c), (e)(1), (i), and (k)NA
Diellia falcata None......do......doE44817.99(i)NA
Diellia pallida ......do......do......doE53017.99(a)(1)NA
Diellia unisora ......do......do......doE54117.99(i)NA
Diplazium molokaiense ......do......do......doE55317.99(a)(1), (c),

(e)(1), and (i)NA
Elaphoglossum serpens ......doU.S.A. (PR)LomariopsidaceaeE504NANA
Huperzia (=Phlegmariurus, =Lycopodium) mannii Wawae‘ioleU.S.A.
(HI)LycopodiaceaeE467NANA
Isoetes louisianensis Louisiana quillwortU.S.A. (LA,
MS)IsoetaceaeE482NANA
Isoetes melanospora Black-spored quillwortU.S.A. (GA,
SC)......doE302NANA
Isoetes tegetiformans Mat-forming quillwortU.S.A.
(GA)......doE302NANA
Marsilea villosa IhiihiU.S.A. (HI)MarsileaceaeE47417.99(i)NA
Phlegmariurus (= Lycopodium, = Huperzia ) mannii
Wawaeiole......doLycopodiaceaeE46717.99(e)(1)NA
Phlegmariurus nutans ......do......do......doE53617.99(a)(1) and
(i)NA
Polystichum aleuticum Aleutian shield-fernU.S.A.
(AK)DryopteridaceaeE305NANA
Polystichum calderonense NoneU.S.A. (PR)......doE504NANA
Pteris lidgatei None......doAdiantaceaeE55317.99(c), (e)(1), and
(i)NA
Tectaria estremerana ......do......doDryopteridaceaeE504NANA
Thelypteris inabonensis ......do......doThelypteridaceaeE506NANA
Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis Alabama streak-sorus fernU.S.A.
(AL)......doT476NANA
Thelypteris verecunda NoneU.S.A. (PR)......doE506NANA
Thelypteris yaucoensis ......do......do......doE506NANA
Lichens
Cladonia perforata Florida perforate cladoniaU.S.A.
(FL)CladoniaceaeE500NANA
Gymnoderma lineare Rock gnome lichenU.S.A. (NC,TN)......doE572NANA
Symbols used in the “when listed” column:
D—Indicates FR where species was Delisted; relisting of the species is
indicated by subsequent number(s).
E—Indicates Emergency rule publication (see FR document for effective
dates); subsequent number(s) indicate FR final rule, if applicable, under
“When listed”.
26—42 FR 40685; August 11, 1977.
39—43 FR 17916; April 26, 1978.
44—43 FR 44811; September 28, 1978.
47—44 FR 24250; April 24, 1979.
49—44 FR 32605; June 6, 1979.
53—44 FR 43701; July 25, 1979.
56—44 FR 54923; September 21, 1979.
57—44 FR 56863; October 2, 1979.
58—44 FR 58868; October 11, 1979.
59—44 FR 58870; October 11, 1979.
61—44 FR 61556; October 25, 1979.
62—44 FR 61558; October 25, 1979.
63—44 FR 61786; October 26, 1979.
64—44 FR 61788; October 26, 1979.
65—44 FR 61911; October 26, 1979.
66—44 FR 61913; October 26, 1979.
67—44 FR 61917; October 26, 1979.
68—44 FR 61920; October 26, 1979.
69—44 FR 61924; October 26, 1979.
70—44 FR 61927; October 26, 1979.

71—44 FR 61929; October 26, 1979.
72—44 FR 62246; October 29, 1979.
73—44 FR 62469; October 30, 1979.
74—44 FR 62471; October 30, 1979.
75—44 FR 62474; October 30, 1979.
76—44 FR 64247; November 6, 1979.
77—44 FR 64250; November 6, 1979.
78—44 FR 64252; November 6, 1979.
79—44 FR 64733; November 7, 1979.
80—44 FR 64738; November 7, 1979.
81—44 FR 64740; November 7, 1979.
82—44 FR 64734; November 7, 1979.
83—44 FR 64746; November 7, 1979.
84—44 FR 65005; November 8, 1979.
89—45 FR 18929; March 24, 1980.
101—45 FR 53969; August 13, 1980.
104—45 FR 61947; September 17, 1980.
107—45 FR 69362; October 20, 1980.
109—46 FR 3186; January 13, 1981.
110—46 FR 5733; January 19, 1981.
112—46 FR 40025; August 6, 1981.
116—47 FR 19542; May 6, 1982.
118—47 FR 30443; July 13, 1982.
120—47 FR 36849; August 24, 1982.
121—47 FR 38540; September 1, 1982.
122—47 FR 38927; September 9, 1982.
126—47 FR 50885; November 10, 1982.
133—48 FR 46331; October 12, 1983.
137—48 FR 52747; November 22, 1983.
140—49 FR 2786; January 23, 1984.
141—49 FR 6102; February 17, 1984.
147—49 FR 21058; May 18, 1984.
148—49 FR 22329; May 29, 1984.
151—49 FR 28565; July 13, 1984.
152—49 FR 29234; July 19, 1984.
153—49 FR 29237; July 19, 1984.
154—49 FR 30201; July 27, 1984.
155—49 FR 31421; August 7, 1984.
158—49 FR 34500; August 31, 1984.
162—49 FR 40038; October 12, 1984.
165—49 FR 44756; November 9, 1984.
167—49 FR 47400; December 4, 1984.
172—50 FR 5758; February 12, 1985.
175—50 FR 12309; March 28, 1985.
176—50 FR 15567; April 19, 1985.
177—50 FR 16682; April 26, 1985.
178—50 FR 19373; May 8, 1985.
179—50 FR 19377; May 8, 1985.
180—50 FR 20214; May 15, 1985.
181—50 FR 20786; May 20, 1985.
187—50 FR 26572; June 27, 1985.
190—50 FR 29341; July 18, 1985.
191—50 FR 29344; July 18, 1985.
192—50 FR 29349; July 18, 1985.
194—50 FR 31190; August 1, 1985.
197—50 FR 32575; August 13, 1985.
198—50 FR 33731; August 21, 1985.

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33734; August 21, 1985.
33737; August 21, 1985.
36089; September 5, 1985.
36091; September 5, 1985.
37863; September 18, 1985.
45624; November 1, 1985.
45621; November 1, 1985.
45624; November 1, 1985.
51870; December 20, 1985.
956; January 9, 1986.
3185; January 24, 1986.
6693; February 25, 1986.
8683; March 13, 1986.
9820; March 21, 1986.
10521; March 26, 1986.
10523; March 26, 1986.
15906; April 29, 1986.
15911; April 29, 1986.
16530; May 5, 1986.
17346; May 12, 1986.
17974; May 16, 1986.
17977; May 16, 1986.
22524; June 20, 1986.
23769; July 1, 1986.
24672; July 8, 1986.
24675; July 8, 1986.
27500; July 31, 1986.
34415; September 26, 1986.
34419; September 26, 1986.
34422; September 26, 1986.
45907; December 23, 1986.
679; January 8, 1987.
682; January 8, 1987.
784; January 9, 1987.
1462; January 14, 1987.
2234; January 21, 1987.
4910; February 18, 1987.
6651; March 4, 1987.
7426; March 11, 1987.
11175; April 7, 1987.
15505; April 29, 1987.
21480; June 5, 1987.
21484; June 5, 1987.
22589; June 12, 1987.
22933; June 16, 1987.
22936; June 16, 1987.
22939; June 16, 1987.
32929; September 1, 1987.
34917; September 16, 1987.
36270; September 28, 1987.
37420; October 6, 1987.
41440; October 28, 1987.
42071; November 2, 1987.
42657; November 6, 1987.
44401; November 19, 1987.
46087; December 4, 1987.
3565; February 5, 1988.

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3567; February 5, 1988.
4629; February 17, 1988.
10884; April 4, 1988.
11612; April 7, 1988.
11615; April 7, 1988.
23742; June 23, 1988.
23745; June 23, 1988.
23748; June 23, 1988.
27137; July 18, 1988.
27141; July 18, 1988.
32827; August 26, 1988.
32830; August 26, 1988.
33996; September 1, 1988.
34701; September 7, 1988.
34705; September 7, 1988.
35080; September 9, 1988.
37972; September 28, 1988.
37975; September 28, 1988.
37978; September 28, 1988.
37982; September 28, 1988.
38451; September 30, 1988.
38456; September 30, 1988.
38474; September 30, 1988.
45861; November 14, 1988.
2134; January 19, 1989.
5938; February 7, 1989.
10154; March 10, 1989.
14967; April 14, 1989.
29658; July 13, 1989.
29663; July 13, 1989.
29730; July 14, 1989.
30554; July 21, 1989.
31196; July 27, 1989.
35305; August 24, 1989.
38947; September 21, 1989.
38950; September 21, 1989.
39857; September 28, 1989.
39863; September 28, 1989.
433; January 5, 1990.
4157; February 6, 1990.
4159; February 6, 1990.
12790; April 5, 1990.
12793; April 5, 1990.
12797; April 5, 1990.
13491; April 10, 1990.
13911; April 13, 1990.
24246; June 15, 1990.
25599; June 21, 1990.
29370; July 19, 1990.
32255; August 8, 1990.
32257; August 8, 1990.
39864; September 28, 1990.
39867; September 28, 1990.
49050; November 26, 1990.
50187; December 5, 1990.
1454; January 14, 1991.
1457; January 14, 1991.

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1936; January 18, 1991.
16024; April 19, 1991.
19959; May 1, 1991.
21091; May 7, 1991.
21096; May 7, 1991.
32983; July 18, 1991.
34154; July 26, 1991.
46239; September 11, 1991.
47694; September 20, 1991.
47699; September 20, 1991.
48751; September 26, 1991.
48755; September 26, 1991.
49636; September 30, 1991.
49639; September 30, 1991.
49643; September 30, 1991.
49853; October 2, 1991.
55785; October 29, 1991.
57849; November 14, 1991.
60937; November 29, 1991.
60940; November 29, 1991.
61182; December 2, 1991.
1403; January 14, 1992.
2053; January 17, 1992.
14653; April 22, 1992.
14785; April 22, 1992.
19819; May 8, 1992.
20588; May 13, 1992.
20592; May 13, 1992.
20595; May 13, 1992.
20787; May 15, 1992.
21564; May 20, 1992.
21574; May 20, 1992.
24199; June 8, 1992.
27858; June 22, 1992.
27863; June 22, 1992.
27867; June 22, 1992.
30168; July 8, 1992.
44708; September 29, 1992.
46339; October 8, 1992.
46344; October 8, 1992.
48747; October 28, 1992.
8242; February 12, 1993.
11552; February 26, 1993.
18035; April 7, 1993.
18041; April 7, 1993.
25754; April 27, 1993.
25758; April 27, 1993.
32311; June 9, 1993.
35891; July 2, 1993.
37443; July 12, 1993.
40547; July 28, 1993.
40551; July 28, 1993.
41383; August 3, 1993.
41391; August 3, 1993.
49879; September 23, 1993.
52030; October 6, 1993.
53807; October 18, 1993.

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62050; November 24, 1993.
68480; December 27, 1993.
5510; February 4, 1994.
8141; February 18, 1994.
9327; February 25, 1994.
9937; March 2, 1994.
10324; March 4, 1994.
13840; March 23, 1994.
14493; March 28, 1994.
32937; June 27, 1994.
35864; July 14, 1994.
42176; August 17, 1994.
43652; August 24, 1994.
43664; August 24, 1994.
46718; September 9, 1994.
49031; September 26, 1994.
49863; September 30, 1994.
50857; October 6, 1994.
56333; November 10, 1994.
56350; November 10, 1994.
59177; November 16, 1994.
60568; November 25, 1994.
62352; December 05, 1994.
64623; December 15, 1994.
61; January 3, 1995.
3562; January 18, 1995.
6684; February 3, 1995.
12486; March 7, 1995.
10697; March 15, 1996.
31058; June 19, 1996.
41023; August 7, 1996.
43184; August 21, 1996.
52384; October 7, 1996.
53088; October 10, 1996.
53107; October 10, 1996.
53123; October 10, 1996.
53130; October 10, 1996.
53137; October 10, 1996.
53152; October 10, 1996.
54358; October 18, 1996.
67497; December 23, 1996.
689; January 6, 1997.
1647; January 10, 1997.
1694; January 13, 1997.
4182; January 29, 1997.
5551; February 6, 1997.
14351; March 26, 1997.
31748; June 11, 1997.
33037; June 18, 1997.
33373; June 19, 1997.
40973; July 31, 1997.
42702; August 8, 1997.
54807; October 22, 1997.
61925; November 20, 1997.
19849; April 22, 1998.
43115; August 12, 1998.
44594; August 20, 1998.

643—63 FR 49034; September 14, 1998.
644—63 FR 49021; September 14, 1998.
647—63 FR 53615; October 6, 1998.
648—63 FR 54970; October 13, 1998.
649—63 FR 54956; October 13, 1998.
650—63 FR 54994; October 13, 1998.
652—63 FR 59244; November 3, 1998.
657—64 FR 13120; March 17, 1999.
661—64 FR 28412; May 26, 1999.
662—64 FR 28403; May 26, 1999.
663—64 FR 28392; May 26, 1999.
666—64 FR 48323; September 3, 1999.
667—64 FR 56590; October 20, 1999.
668—64 FR 56596; October 20, 1999.
671—64 FR 63752; November 22, 1999.
672—64 FR 69203; December 10, 1999.
673—64 FR 71687; December 22, 1999.
678—65 FR 3875; January 25, 2000.
679—65 FR 3890; January 25, 2000.
681—65 FR 4162; January 26, 2000.
683—65 FR 5275; February 3, 2000.
684—65 FR 6338; February 9, 2000.
685—65 FR 7764; February 16, 2000.
689—65 FR 14887; March 20, 2000.
690—65 FR 14909; March 20, 2000.
691—65 FR 14897; March 20, 2000.
704—65 FR 62310; October 18, 2000.
708—66 FR 27908; May 21, 2001.
711—66 FR 49567; September 28, 2001.
712—66 FR 51606; October 10, 2001.
720—67 FR 1668; January 14, 2002.
721—67 FR 3125; January 23, 2002.
722—67 FR 5525; February 6, 2002.
723—67 FR 11449; March 14, 2002.
727—67 FR 44382; July 2, 2002.
733—67 FR 68015; November 7, 2002.
736—68 FR 16988; April 8, 2003.
739—68 FR 59344; October 15, 2003.
742—69 FR 18506, April 8, 2004.
Editorial Note 1:
ForFederal Registercitations affecting the table in
§17.12(h), see the listing above.
Editorial Note 2:
ForFederal Registercitations affecting §17.12, see the
List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section
of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
Subpart C—Endangered Wildlife
top
§ 17.21
Prohibitions.
top
(a) Except as provided in subpart A of this part, or under permits issued
pursuant to §17.22 or §17.23, it is unlawful for any person subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States to commit, to attempt to commit, to
solicit another to commit or to cause to be committed, any of the acts
described in paragraphs (b) through (f) of this section in regard to any
endangered wildlife.
(b) Import or export. It is unlawful to import or to export any endangered
wildlife. Any shipment in transit through the United States is an
importation and an exportation, whether or not it has entered the country

for customs purposes.
(c) Take. (1) It is unlawful to take endangered wildlife within the United
States, within the territorial sea of the United States, or upon the high
seas. The high seas shall be all waters seaward of the territorial sea of
the United States, except waters officially recognized by the United
States as the territorial sea of another country, under international law.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any person may take
endangered wildlife in defense of his own life or the lives of others.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any employee or
agent of the Service, any other Federal land management agency, the
National Marine Fisheries Service, or a State conservation agency, who is
designated by his agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course
of his official duties, take endangered wildlife without a permit if such
action is necessary to:
(i) Aid a sick, injured or orphaned specimen; or
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen; or
(iii) Salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific study; or
(iv) Remove specimens which constitute a demonstrable but nonimmediate
threat to human safety, provided that the taking is done in a humane
manner; the taking may involve killing or injuring only if it has not been
reasonably possible to eliminate such threat by live-capturing and
releasing the specimen unharmed, in a remote area.
(4) Any taking under paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section must be
reported in writing to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law
Enforcement, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, LE–3000, Arlington, VA 22203,
within five days. The specimen may only be retained, disposed of, or
salvaged under directions from the Office of Law Enforcement.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any qualified
employee or agent of a State Conservation Agency which is a party to a
Cooperative Agreement with the Service in accordance with section 6(c) of
the Act, who is designated by his agency for such purposes, may, when
acting in the course of his official duties take those endangered species
which are covered by an approved cooperative agreement for conservation
programs in accordance with the Cooperative Agreement, provided that such
taking is not reasonably anticipated to result in:
(i) The death or permanent disabling of the specimen;
(ii) The removal of the specimen from the State where the taking occurred;
(iii) The introduction of the specimen so taken, or of any progeny derived
from such a specimen, into an area beyond the historical range of the
species; or
(iv) The holding of the specimen in captivity for a period of more than 45
consecutive days.
(6) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any person acting
under a valid migratory bird rehabilitation permit issued pursuant to
§21.31 of this subchapter may take endangered migratory birds without an
endangered species permit if such action is necessary to aid a sick,
injured, or orphaned endangered migratory bird, provided the permittee:
(i) Notifies the issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office immediately upon
receipt of such bird (contact information for your issuing office is
listed on your permit and on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov ); and
(ii) Disposes of or transfers such birds, or their parts or feathers, as
directed by the Migratory Bird Permit Office.
(7) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, persons exempt from
the permit requirements of §21.12(c) and (d) of this subchapter may take
sick and injured endangered migratory birds without an endangered species
permit in performing the activities authorized under §21.12(c) and (d).
(d) Possession and other acts with unlawfully taken wildlife. (1) It is

unlawful to possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship, by any
means whatsoever, any endangered wildlife which was taken in violation of
paragraph (c) of this section.
Example
A person captures a whooping crane in Texas and gives it to a
second person, who puts it in a closed van and drives thirty miles, to
another location in Texas. The second person then gives the whooping crane
to a third person, who is apprehended with the bird in his possession. All
three have violated the law—the first by illegally taking the whooping
crane; the second by transporting an illegally taken whooping crane; and
the third by possessing an illegally taken whooping crane.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, Federal and State
law enforcement officers may possess, deliver, carry, transport or ship
any endangered wildlife taken in violation of the Act as necessary in
performing their official duties.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, any person acting
under a valid migratory bird rehabilitation permit issued pursuant to
§21.31 of this subchapter may possess and transport endangered migratory
birds without an endangered species permit when such action is necessary
to aid a sick, injured, or orphaned endangered migratory bird, provided
the permittee:
(i) Notifies the issuing Migratory Bird Permit Office immediately upon
receipt of such bird (contact information for your issuing office is
listed on your permit and on the Internet at http://offices.fws.gov ); and
(ii) Disposes of or transfers such birds, or their parts or feathers, as
directed by the Migratory Bird Permit Office.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (d)(1) of this section, persons exempt from
the permit requirements of §21.12(c) and (d) of this subchapter may
possess and transport sick and injured endangered migratory bird species
without an endangered species permit in performing the activities
authorized under §21.12(c) and (d).
(e) Interstate or foreign commerce. It is unlawful to deliver, receive,
carry transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by any means
whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any endangered
wildlife.
(f) Sale or offer for sale. (1) It is unlawful to sell or to offer for
sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered wildlife.
(2) An advertisement for the sale of endangered wildlife which carries a
warning to the effect that no sale may be consummated until a permit has
been obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service shall not be
considered an offer for sale within the meaning of this section.
(g) Captive-bred wildlife. (1) Notwithstanding paragraphs (b), (c), (e)
and (f) of this section, any person may take; export or re-import;
deliver, receive, carry, transport or ship in interstate or foreign
commerce, in the course of a commercial activity; or sell or offer for
sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered wildlife that is
bred in captivity in the United States provided either that the wildlife
is of a taxon listed in paragraph (g)(6) of this section, or that the
following conditions are met:
(i) The wildlife is of a species having a natural geographic distribution
not including any part of the United States, or the wildlife is of a
species that the Director has determined to be eligible in accordance with
paragraph (g)(5) of this section;
(ii) The purpose of such activity is to enhance the propagation or
survival of the affected species;
(iii) Such activity does not involve interstate or foreign commerce, in
the course of a commercial activity, with respect to non-living wildlife;
(iv) Each specimen of wildlife to be re-imported is uniquely identified by

a band, tattoo or other means that was reported in writing to an official
of the Service at a port of export prior to export from the United States;
and
(v) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who
engages in any of the activities authorized by this paragraph does so in
accordance with paragraphs (g) (2), (3) and (4) of this section, and with
all other applicable regulations in this Subchapter B.
(2) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States seeking to
engage in any of the activities authorized by this paragraph must first
register with the Service (Office of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203).
Requests for registration must be submitted on an official application
form (Form 3–200-41) provided by the Service, and must include the
following information:
(i) The types of wildlife sought to be covered by the registration,
identified by common and scientific name to the taxonomic level of family,
genus or species;
(ii) A description of the applicant's experience in maintaining and
propagating the types of wildlife sought to be covered by the
registration, and when appropriate, in conducting research directly
related to maintaining and propagating such wildlife;
(iii) Photograph(s) or other evidence clearly depicting the facilities
where such wildlife will be maintained; and
(iv) a copy of the applicant's license or registration, if any, under the
animal welfare regulations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (9 CFR
part 2).
(3) Upon receiving a complete application, the Director will decide
whether or not the registration will be approved. In making this decision,
the Director will consider, in addition to the general criteria in
§13.21(b) of this subchapter, whether the expertise, facilities or other
resources available to the applicant appear adequate to enhance the
propagation or survival of the affected wildlife. Public education
activities may not be the sole basis to justify issuance of a registration
or to otherwise establish eligibility for the exception granted in
paragraph (g)(1) of this section. Each person so registered must maintain
accurate written records of activities conducted under the registration,
and allow reasonable access to Service agents for inspection purposes as
set forth in §§13.46 and 13.47. Each person registered must submit to the
Director an individual written annual report of activities, including all
births, deaths and transfers of any type.
(4) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States seeking to
export or conduct foreign commerce in captive-bred endangered wildlife
that will not remain under the care of that person must first obtain
approval by providing written evidence to satisfy the Director that the
proposed recipient of the wildlife has expertise, facilities or other
resources adequate to enhance the propagation or survival of such wildlife
and that the proposed recipient will use such wildlife for purposes of
enhancing the propagation or survival of the affected species.
(5)(i) The Director will use the following criteria to determine if
wildlife of any species having a natural geographic distribution that
includes any part of the United States is eligible for the provisions of
this paragraph:
(A) Whether there is a low demand for taking of the species from wild
populations, either because of the success of captive breeding or because
of other reasons, and
(B) Whether the wild populations of the species are effectively protected
from unauthorized taking as a result of the inaccessibility of their

habitat to humans or as a result of the effectiveness of law enforcement.
(ii) The Director will follow the procedures set forth in the Act and in
the regulations thereunder with respect to petitions and notification of
the public and governors of affected States when determining the
eligibility of species for purposes of this paragraph.
(iii) In accordance with the criteria in paragraph (g)(5)(i) of this
section, the Director has determined the following species to be eligible
for the provisions of this paragraph:
Laysan duck ( Anas laysanensis ).
(6) Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States seeking to
engage in any of the activities authorized by paragraph (g)(1) of this
section may do so without first registering with the Service with respect
to the bar-tailed pheasant ( Syrmaticus humiae ), Elliot's pheasant ( S.
ellioti ), Mikado pheasant ( S. mikado ), brown eared pheasant (
Crossoptilon mantchuricum ), white eared pheasant ( C. crossoptilon ),
cheer pheasant ( Catreus wallichii ), Edward's pheasant ( Lophura edwardsi
), Swinhoe's pheasant ( L. swinhoii ), Chinese monal ( Lophophorus lhuysii
), and Palawan peacock pheasant ( Polyplectron emphanum ); parakeets of
the species Neophema pulchella and N. splendida; the Laysan duck ( Anas
laysanensis ); the white-winged wood duck ( Cairina scutulata ); and the
inter-subspecific crossed or “generic” tiger ( Panthera tigris ) ( i e .,
specimens not identified or identifiable as members of the Bengal,
Sumatran, Siberian or Indochinese subspecies ( Panthera tigris tigris,
P.t. sumatrae, P.t. altaica and P.t. corbetti, respectively) provided:
(i) The purpose of such activity is to enhance the propagation or survival
of the affected exempted species;
(ii) Such activity does not involve interstate or foreign commerce, in the
course of a commercial activity, with respect to non-living wildlife;
(iii) Each specimen to be re-imported is uniquely identified by a band,
tattoo or other means that was reported in writing to an official of the
Service at a port of export prior to export of the specimen from the
United States;
(iv) No specimens of the taxa in this paragraph (g)(6) of this section
that were taken from the wild may be imported for breeding purposes absent
a definitive showing that the need for new bloodlines can only be met by
wild specimens, that suitable foreign-bred, captive individuals are
unavailable, and that wild populations can sustain limited taking, and an
import permit is issued under §17.22;
(v) Any permanent exports of such specimens meet the requirements of
paragraph (g)(4) of this section; and
(vi) Each person claiming the benefit of the exception in paragraph (g)(1)
of this section must maintain accurate written records of activities,
including births, deaths and transfers of specimens, and make those
records accessible to Service agents for inspection at reasonable hours as
set forth in §§13.46 and 13.47.
(h) U.S. captive-bred scimitar-horned oryx, addax, and dama gazelle .
Notwithstanding paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section, any
person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States may take; export
or re-import; deliver, receive, carry, transport or ship in interstate or
foreign commerce, in the course of a commercial activity; or sell or offer
for sale in interstate or foreign commerce live wildlife, including
embryos and gametes, and sport-hunted trophies of scimitar-horned oryx (
Oryx dammah ), addax ( Addax nasomaculatus ), and dama gazelle ( Gazella
dama ) provided:
(1) The purpose of such activity is associated with the management or
transfer of live wildlife, including embryos and gametes, or sport hunting
in a manner that contributes to increasing or sustaining captive numbers

or to potential reintroduction to range countries;
(2) The specimen was captive-bred, in accordance with §17.3, within the
United States;
(3) All live specimens of that species held by the captive-breeding
operation are managed in a manner that prevents hybridization of the
species or subspecies.
(4) All live specimens of that species held by the captive-breeding
operation are managed in a manner that maintains genetic diversity.
(5) Any export of or foreign commerce in a specimen meets the requirements
of paragraph (g)(4) of this section, as well as parts 13, 14, and 23 of
this chapter;
(6) Each specimen to be re-imported is uniquely identified by a tattoo or
other means that is reported on the documentation required under paragraph
(h)(5) of this section; and
(7) Each person claiming the benefit of the exception of this paragraph
(h) must maintain accurate written records of activities, including
births, deaths, and transfers of specimens, and make those records
accessible to Service officials for inspection at reasonable hours set
forth in §§13.46 and 13.47 of this chapter.
(8) The sport-hunted trophy consists of raw or tanned parts, such as
bones, hair, head, hide, hooves, horns, meat, skull, rug, taxidermied
head, shoulder, or full body mount, of a specimen that was taken by the
hunter during a sport hunt for personal use. It does not include articles
made from a trophy, such as worked, manufactured, or handicraft items for
use as clothing, curios, ornamentation, jewelry, or other utilitarian
items for commercial purposes.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 53400, Nov. 18, 1975; 41
FR 19226, May 11, 1976; 44 FR 31580, May 31, 1979; 44 FR 54007, Sept. 17,
1979; 58 FR 68325, Dec. 27, 1993; 63 FR 48640, Sept. 11, 1998; 68 FR 2919,
Jan. 22, 2003; 68 FR 61136, Oct. 27, 2003; 70 FR 52318, Sept. 2, 2005]
§ 17.22
Permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of propagation or
survival, or for incidental taking.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a permit
authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by §17.21, in accordance
with the issuance criteria of this section, for scientific purposes, for
enhancing the propagation or survival, or for the incidental taking of
endangered wildlife. Such permits may authorize a single transaction, a
series of transactions, or a number of activities over a specific period
of time. (See §17.32 for permits for threatened species.) The Director
shall publish notice in theFederal Registerof each application for a
permit that is made under this section. Each notice shall invite the
submission from interested parties, within 30 days after the date of the
notice, of written data, views, or arguments with respect to the
application. The 30-day period may be waived by the Director in an
emergency situation where the life or health of an endangered animal is
threatened and no reasonable alternative is available to the applicant.
Notice of any such waiver shall be published in theFederal Registerwithin
10 days following issuance of the permit.
(a)(1) Application requirements for permits for scientific purposes or for
the enhancement of propagation or survival. A person wishing to get a
permit for an activity prohibited by §17.21 submits an application for
activities under this paragraph. The Service provides Form 3–200 for the
application to which all of the following must be attained:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species sought to the covered
by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such species, and
the activity sought to be authorized (such as taking, exporting, selling

in interstate commerce);
(ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of application, the wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit (A) is still in the wild, (B) has
already been removed from the wild, or (C) was born in captivity;
(iii) A resume of the applicant's attempts to obtain the wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit in a manner which would not cause the death or
removal from the wild of such wildlife;
(iv) If the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit has already been
removed from the wild, the country and place where such removal occurred;
if the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit was born in captivity,
the country and place where such wildlife was born;
(v) A complete description and address of the institution or other
facility where the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit will be
used, displayed, or maintained;
(vi) If the applicant seeks to have live wildlife covered by the permit, a
complete description, including photographs or diagrams, of the facilities
to house and/or care for the wildlife and a resume of the experience of
those person who will be caring for the wildlife;
(vii) A full statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified in
obtaining a permit including the details of the activities sought to be
authorized by the permit;
(viii) If the application is for the purpose of enhancement of
propagation, a statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in
a cooperative breeding program and to maintain or contribute data to a
studbook;
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in §13.21(b)
of this subchapter, the following factors:
(i) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required is adequate to
justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the status of the
wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the permit
would have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be covered by
the permit;
(iii) Whether the permit, if issued, would in any way, directly or
indirectly, conflict with any known program intended to enhance the
survival probabilities of the population from which the wildlife sought to
be covered by the permit was or would be removed;
(iv) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required would be likely
to reduce the threat of extinction facing the species of wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit;
(v) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or organizations
having expertise concerning the wildlife or other matters germane to the
application; and
(vi) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available to
the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives
stated in the application.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this paragraph shall
be subject to the special condition that the escape of living wildlife
covered by the permit shall be immediately reported to the Service office
designated in the permit.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be designated on the face of the permit.
(b)(1) Application requirements for permits for incidental taking. A

person wishing to get a permit for an activity prohibited by §17.21(c)
submits an application for activities under this paragraph. The Service
provides Form 3–200 for the application to which all of the following must
be attached:
(i) A complete description of the activity sought to be authorized;
(ii) The common and scientific names of the species sought to be covered
by the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such species, if
known;
(iii) A conservation plan that specifies:
(A) The impact that will likely result from such taking;
(B) What steps the applicant will take to monitor, minimize, and mitigate
such impacts, the funding that will be available to implement such steps,
and the procedures to be used to deal with unforeseen circumstances;
(C) What alternative actions to such taking the applicant considered and
the reasons why such alternatives are not proposed to be utilized; and
(D) Such other measures that the Director may require as being necessary
or appropriate for purposes of the plan;
(2) Issuance criteria. (i) Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
§13.21(b)(4), and shall issue the permit if he or she finds that:
(A) The taking will be incidental;
(B) The applicant will, to the maximum extent practicable, minimize and
mitigate the impacts of such takings;
(C) The applicant will ensure that adequate funding for the conservation
plan and procedures to deal with unforeseen circumstances will be
provided;
(D) The taking will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival
and recovery of the species in the wild;
(E) The measures, if any, required under paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(D) of this
section will be met; and
(F) He or she has received such other assurances as he or she may require
that the plan will be implemented.
(ii) In making his or her decision, the Director shall also consider the
anticipated duration and geographic scope of the applicant's planned
activities, including the amount of listed species habitat that is
involved and the degree to which listed species and their habitats are
affected.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this paragraph shall
contain such terms and conditions as the Director deems necessary or
appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the conservation
plan including, but not limited to, monitoring and reporting requirements
deemed necessary for determining whether such terms and conditions are
being complied with. The Director shall rely upon existing reporting
requirements to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be sufficient to provide adequate assurances to the
permittee to commit funding necessary for the activities authorized by the
permit, including conservation activities and land use restrictions. In
determining the duration of a permit, the Director shall consider the
duration of the planned activities, as well as the possible positive and
negative effects associated with permits of the proposed duration on
listed species, including the extent to which the conservation plan will
enhance the habitat of listed species and increase the long-term
survivability of such species.

(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or unforeseen
circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (b)(5) apply only to
incidental take permits issued in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this
section where the conservation plan is being properly implemented, and
apply only with respect to species adequately covered by the conservation
plan. These assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies. This rule
does not apply to incidental take permits issued prior to March 25, 1998.
The assurances provided in incidental take permits issued prior to March
25, 1998 remain in effect, and those permits will not be revised as a
result of this rulemaking.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and were provided for in the plan's operating
conservation program, the permittee will implement the measures specified
in the plan.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and such measures were not provided for in the
plan's operating conservation program, the Director will not require any
conservation and mitigation measures in addition to those provided for in
the plan without the consent of the permittee, provided the plan is being
properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of additional
land, water, or financial compensation or additional restrictions on the
use of land, water, or other natural resources beyond the level otherwise
agreed upon for the species covered by the conservation plan without the
consent of the permittee.
(B) If additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may require
additional measures of the permittee where the conservation plan is being
properly implemented, but only if such measures are limited to
modifications within conserved habitat areas, if any, or to the
conservation plan's operating conservation program for the affected
species, and maintain the original terms of the conservation plan to the
maximum extent possible. Additional conservation and mitigation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the conservation plan without the consent of the
permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that unforeseen
circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial data
available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but not
be limited to, the following factors:
( 1 ) Size of the current range of the affected species;
( 2 ) Percentage of range adversely affected by the conservation plan;
( 3 ) Percentage of range conserved by the conservation plan;
( 4 ) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by the
conservation plan;
( 5 ) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the conservation
plan; and
( 6 ) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the affected

species in the wild.
(6) Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or constrain the
Director, any Federal, State, local, or Tribal government agency, or a
private entity, from taking additional actions at its own expense to
protect or conserve a species included in a conservation plan.
(7) Discontinuance of permit activity. Notwithstanding the provisions of
§13.26 of this subchapter, a permittee under this paragraph (b) remains
responsible for any outstanding minimization and mitigation measures
required under the terms of the permit for take that occurs prior to
surrender of the permit and such minimization and mitigation measures as
may be required pursuant to the termination provisions of an implementing
agreement, habitat conservation plan, or permit even after surrendering
the permit to the Service pursuant to §13.26 of this subchapter. The
permit shall be deemed canceled only upon a determination by the Service
that such minimization and mitigation measures have been implemented. Upon
surrender of the permit, no further take shall be authorized under the
terms of the surrendered permit.
(8) Criteria for revocation. A permit issued under paragraph (b) of this
section may not be revoked for any reason except those set forth in
§13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter or unless continuation of the
permitted activity would be inconsistent with the criterion set forth in
16 U.S.C. 1539(a)(2)(B)(iv) and the inconsistency has not been remedied.
(c)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Safe Harbor Agreements. The applicant must submit an
application for a permit under this paragraph (c) to the appropriate
Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for the Region where
the applicant resides or where the proposed activity is to occur (for
appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22), if the applicant wishes to
engage in any activity prohibited by §17.21. The applicant must submit an
official Service application form (3–200.54) that includes the following
information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the listed species for which the
applicant requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of how incidental take of the listed species pursuant
to the Safe Harbor Agreement is likely to occur, both as a result of
management activities and as a result of the return to baseline; and
(iii) A Safe Harbor Agreement that complies with the requirements of the
Safe Harbor policy available from the Service.
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the general
issuance criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
§13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and will
be in accordance with the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) The implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the affected
listed species by contributing to the recovery of listed species included
in the permit, and the Safe Harbor Agreement otherwise complies with the
Safe Harbor policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized take will
not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement will not be

in conflict with any ongoing conservation or recovery programs for listed
species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to implementing
all of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (c) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the participating property owner to notify the
Service of any transfer of lands subject to a Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the Service
reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when he or she
expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under the permit.
Such notification will provide the Service with an opportunity to relocate
affected individuals of the species, if possible and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Safe Harbor Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (c) become
effective the day of issuance for species covered by the Safe Harbor
Agreement.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee. (i) The assurances in paragraph
(c)(5) (ii) of this section (c)(5) apply only to Safe Harbor permits
issued in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section where the Safe
Harbor Agreement is being properly implemented, and apply only with
respect to species covered by the Agreement and permit. These assurances
cannot be provided to Federal agencies. The assurances provided in this
section apply only to Safe Harbor permits issued after July 19, 1999.
(ii) The Director and the permittee may agree to revise or modify the
management measures set forth in a Safe Harbor Agreement if the Director
determines that such revisions or modifications do not change the
Director's prior determination that the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the listed
species. However, the Director may not require additional or different
management activities to be undertaken by a permittee without the consent
of the permittee.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or
constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal government
agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions at its own
expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Safe Harbor
Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit issued
under paragraph (c) of this section except as provided in this paragraph.
The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in §13.28(a)(1)
through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may revoke a permit if
continuation of the permitted activity would either appreciably reduce the
likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild of any listed species or
directly or indirectly alter designated critical habitat such that it
appreciably diminishes the value of that critical habitat for both the
survival and recovery of a listed species. Before revoking a permit for
either of the latter two reasons, the Director, with the consent of the
permittee, will pursue all appropriate options to avoid permit revocation.
These options may include, but are not limited to: extending or modifying
the existing permit, capturing and relocating the species, compensating
the landowner to forgo the activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple
interest in the property, or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an
interest in the property.
(8) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this

paragraph (c) must be sufficient to provide a net conservation benefit to
species covered in the enhancement of survival permit. In determining the
duration of a permit, the Director will consider the duration of the
planned activities, as well as the positive and negative effects
associated with permits of the proposed duration on covered species,
including the extent to which the conservation activities included in the
Safe Harbor Agreement will enhance the survival and contribute to the
recovery of listed species included in the permit.
(d)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances. The
applicant must submit an application for a permit under this paragraph (d)
to the appropriate Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for
the Region where the applicant resides or where the proposed activity is
to occur (for appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22). When a species
covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances is listed as
endangered and the applicant wishes to engage in activities identified in
the Agreement and otherwise prohibited by §17.31, the applicant must apply
for an enhancement of survival permit for species covered by the
Agreement. The permit will become valid if and when covered proposed,
candidate or other unlisted species is listed as an endangered species.
The applicant must submit an official Service application form (3–200.54)
that includes the following information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species for which the applicant
requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of the land use or water management activity for which
the applicant requests incidental take authorization; and
(iii) A Candidate Conservation Agreement that complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service.
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the general
issuance criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
§13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and will
be in accordance with the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) The Candidate Conservation Agreement complies with the requirements
of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances policy available
from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized take will
not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement
is consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement
will not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation programs for species
covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to implementing
all of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (d) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the property owner to notify the Service of any
transfer of lands subject to a Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the Service
reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when he or she

expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under the permit.
Such notification will provide the Service with an opportunity to relocate
affected individuals of the species, if possible and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (d) become
effective for a species covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement on
the effective date of a final rule that lists a covered species as
endangered.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or unforeseen
circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (d)(5) apply only to
permits issued in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) where the Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement is being properly implemented, and
apply only with respect to species adequately covered by the Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement. These assurances cannot be
provided to Federal agencies.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the Agreement. If the Director
determines that additional conservation measures are necessary to respond
to changed circumstances and these measures were set forth in the
Agreement, the permittee will implement the measures specified in the
Agreement.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures not provided for
in the Agreement are necessary to respond to changed circumstances, the
Director will not require any conservation measures in addition to those
provided for in the Agreement without the consent of the permittee,
provided the Agreement is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of additional
land, water, or financial compensation or additional restrictions on the
use of land, water, or other natural resources beyond the level otherwise
agreed upon for the species covered by the Agreement without the consent
of the permittee.
(B) If the Director determines additional conservation measures are
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may require
additional measures of the permittee where the Agreement is being properly
implemented, but only if such measures maintain the original terms of the
Agreement to the maximum extent possible. Additional conservation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water, or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that unforeseen
circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial data
available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but not
be limited to, the following factors:
( 1 ) Size of the current range of the affected species;
( 2 ) Percentage of range adversely affected by the Agreement;
( 3 ) Percentage of range conserved by the Agreement;
( 4 ) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by the
Agreement;
( 5 ) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the Agreement; and
( 6 ) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would

appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the affected
species in the wild.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or
constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal government
agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions at its own
expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit issued
under paragraph (d) of this section except as provided in this paragraph.
The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in §13.28(a)(1)
through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may revoke a permit if
continuation of the permitted activity would either appreciably reduce the
likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild of any listed species or
directly or indirectly alter designated critical habitat such that it
appreciably diminishes the value of that critical habitat for both the
survival and recovery of a listed species. Before revoking a permit for
either of the latter two reasons, the Director, with the consent of the
permittee, will pursue all appropriate options to avoid permit revocation.
These options may include, but are not limited to: extending or modifying
the existing permit, capturing and relocating the species, compensating
the landowner to forgo the activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple
interest in the property, or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an
interest in the property.
(8) Duration of the Candidate Conservation Agreement. The duration of a
Candidate Conservation Agreement covered by a permit issued under this
paragraph (d) must be sufficient to enable the Director to determine that
the benefits of the conservation measures in the Agreement, when combined
with those benefits that would be achieved if it is assumed that the
conservation measures would also be implemented on other necessary
properties, would preclude or remove any need to list the species covered
by the Agreement.
(e) Objection to permit issuance. (1) In regard to any notice of a permit
application published in theFederal Register,any interested party that
objects to the issuance of a permit, in whole or in part, may, during the
comment period specified in the notice, request notification of the final
action to be taken on the application. A separate written request shall be
made for each permit application. Such a request shall specify the
Service's permit application number and state the reasons why that party
believes the applicant does not meet the issuance criteria contained in
§§13.21 and 17.22 of this subchapter or other reasons why the permit
should not be issued.
(2) If the Service decides to issue a permit contrary to objections
received pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section, then the Service
shall, at least ten days prior to issuance of the permit, make reasonable
efforts to contact by telephone or other expedient means, any party who
has made a request pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section and inform
that party of the issuance of the permit. However, the Service may reduce
the time period or dispense with such notice if it determines that time is
of the essence and that delay in issuance of the permit would: (i) Harm
the specimen or population involved; or (ii) unduly hinder the actions
authorized under the permit.
(3) The Service will notify any party filing an objection and request for
notice under paragraph (c)(1) of this section of the final action taken on
the application, in writing. If the Service has reduced or dispensed with
the notice period referred to in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, it will
include its reasons therefore in such written notice.
[50 FR 39687, Sept. 30, 1985, as amended at 63 FR 8871, Feb. 23, 1998; 63

FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 32711, June 17, 1999; 64 FR 52676, Sept. 30,
1999; 69 FR 24092, May 3, 2004; 69 FR 29670, May 25, 2004; 69 FR 71731,
Dec. 10, 2004]
§ 17.23
Economic hardship permits.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a permit
authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by §17.21, in accordance
with the issuance criteria of this section in order to prevent undue
economic hardship. The Director shall publish notice in theFederal
Registerof each application for a permit that is made under this section.
Each notice shall invite the submission from interested parties, within 30
days after the date of the notice, of written data, views, or arguments
with respect to the application. The 30-day period may be waived by the
Director in an emergency situation where the life or health of an
endangered animal is threatened and no reasonable alternative is available
to the applicant. Notice of any such waiver shall be published in
theFederal Registerwithin 10 days following issuance of the permit.
(a) Application requirements. Applications for permits under this section
must be submitted to the Director by the person allegedly suffering undue
economic hardship because his desired activity is prohibited by §17.21.
Each application must be submitted on an official application form (Form
3–200) provided by the Service, and must include, as an attachment, all of
the information required in §17.22 plus the following additional
information:
(1) The possible legal, economic or subsistence alternatives to the
activity sought to be authorized by the permit;
(2) A full statement, accompanied by copies of all relevant contracts and
correspondence, showing the appli- cant's involvement with the wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit (as well as his involvement with
similar wildlife), including, where applicable, that portion of
applicant's income derived from the taking of such wildlife, or the
subsistence use of such wildlife, during the calendar year immediately
preceding either the notice in theFederal Registerof review of the status
of the species or of the proposal to list such wildlife as endangered,
whichever is earliest;
(3) Where applicable, proof of a contract or other binding legal
obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the wildlife sought to be covered by the
permit;
(ii) Became binding prior to the date when the notice of a review of the
status of the species or the notice of proposed rulemaking proposing to
list such wildlife as endangered was published in theFederal
Register,whichever is earlier; and
(iii) Will cause monetary loss of a given dollar amount if the permit
sought under this section is not granted.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued under any of the three categories
of economic hardship, as defined in section 10(b)(2) of the Act. In making
his decisions, the Director shall consider, in addition to the general
criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is being requested is
adequate to justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the
status of the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(2) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the permit would
have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be covered by the
permit;

(3) The economic, legal, subsistence, or other alternatives or relief
available to the applicant;
(4) The amount of evidence that the applicant was in fact party to a
contract or other binding legal obligation which;
(i) Deals specifically with the wildlife sought to be covered by the
permit; and
(ii) Became binding prior to the date when the notice of a review of the
status of the species or the notice of proposed rulemaking proposing to
list such wildlife as endangered was published in theFederal
Register,whichever is earlier.
(5) The severity of economic hardship which the contract or other binding
legal obligation referred to in paragraph (b)(4) of this section would
cause if the permit were denied;
(6) Where applicable, the portion of the applicant's income which would be
lost if the permit were denied, and the relationship of that portion to
the balance of his income;
(7) Where applicable, the nature and extent of subsistence taking
generally by the applicant; and
(8) The likelihood that applicant can reasonably carry out his desired
activity within one year from the date a notice is published in theFederal
Registerto review status of such wildlife, or to list such wildlife as
endangered, whichever is earlier.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this section shall
be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) In addition to any reporting requirements contained in the permit
itself, the permittee shall also submit to the Director a written report
of his activities pursuant to the permit. Such report must be postmarked
or actually delivered no later than 10 days after completion of the
activity.
(2) The death or escape of all living wildlife covered by the permit shall
be immediately reported to the Service's office designated in the permit.
(d) Duration of permits issued under this section shall be designated on
the face of the permit. No permit issued under this section, however,
shall be valid for more than one year from the date a notice is published
in theFederal Registerto review status of such wildlife, or to list such
wildlife as endangered, whichever is earlier.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 53400, Nov. 18, 1975; 40
FR 58307, Dec. 16, 1975; 50 FR 39688, Sept. 30, 1985]
Subpart D—Threatened Wildlife
top
§ 17.31
Prohibitions.
top
(a) Except as provided in subpart A of this part, or in a permit issued
under this subpart, all of the provisions in §17.21 shall apply to
threatened wildlife, except §17.21(c)(5).
(b) In addition to any other provisions of this part 17, any employee or
agent of the Service, of the National Marine Fisheries Service, or of a
State conservation agency which is operating a conservation program
pursuant to the terms of a Cooperative Agreement with the Service in
accordance with section 6(c) of the Act, who is designated by his agency
for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of his official duties,
take those threatened species of wildlife which are covered by an approved
cooperative agreement to carry out conservation programs.
(c) Whenever a special rule in §§17.40 to 17.48 applies to a threatened
species, none of the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section
will apply. The special rule will contain all the applicable prohibitions

and exceptions.
[43 FR 18181, Apr. 28, 1978, as amended at 44 FR 31580, May 31, 1979; 70
FR 10503, Mar. 4, 2005]
§ 17.32
Permits—general.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application the Director may issue a permit for
any activity otherwise prohibited with regard to threatened wildlife. Such
permit shall be governed by the provisions of this section unless a
special rule applicable to the wildlife, appearing in §§17.40 to 17.48, of
this part provides otherwise. Permits issued under this section must be
for one of the following purposes: Scientific purposes, or the enhancement
of propagation or survival, or economic hardship, or zoological
exhibition, or educational purposes, or incidental taking, or special
purposes consistent with the purposes of the Act. Such permits may
authorize a single transaction, a series of transactions, or a number of
activities over a specific period of time.
(a)(1) Application requirements for permits for scientific purposes, or
the enhancement of propagation or survival, or economic hardship, or
zoological exhibition, or educational purposes, or special purposes
consistent with the purposes of the Act. A person wishing to get a permit
for an activity prohibited by §17.31 submits an application for activities
under this paragraph. The Service provides Form 3–200 for the application
to which as much of the following information relating to the purpose of
the permit must be attached:
(i) The Common and scientific names of the species sought to be covered by
the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such species, and the
activity sought to be authorized (such as taking, exporting, selling in
interstate commerce);
(ii) A statement as to whether, at the time of application, the wildlife
sought to be covered by the permit (A) is still in the wild, (B) has
already been removed from the wild, or (C) was born in captivity;
(iii) A resume of the applicant's attempts to obtain the wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit in a manner which would not cause the death or
removal from the wild of such wildlife;
(iv) If the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit has already been
removed from the wild, the country and place where such removal occurred;
if the wildlife sought to be covered by permit was born in captivity, the
country and place where such wildlife was born;
(v) A complete description and address of the institution or other
facility where the wildlife sought to be covered by the permit will be
used, displayed, or maintained;
(vi) If the applicant seeks to have live wildlife covered by the permit, a
complete description, including photographs or diagrams, of the facilities
to house and/or care for the wildlife and a resume of the experience of
those persons who will be caring for the wildlife;
(vii) A full statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified in
obtaining a permit including the details of the activities sought to be
authorized by the permit;
(viii) If the application is for the purpose of enhancement of
propagation, a statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in
a cooperative breeding program and to maintain or contribute data to a
studbook;
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making this decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in §13.21(b)
of this subchapter, the following factors:

(i) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required is adequate to
justify removing from the wild or otherwise changing the status of the
wildlife sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) The probable direct and indirect effect which issuing the permit
would have on the wild populations of the wildlife sought to be covered by
the permit;
(iii) Whether the permit, if issued, would in any way, directly or
indirectly, conflict with any known program intended to enhance the
survival probabilities of the population from which the wildlife sought to
be covered by the permit was or would be removed;
(iv) Whether the purpose for which the permit is required would be likely
to reduce the threat of extinction facing the species of wildlife sought
to be covered by the permit;
(v) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or organizations
having expertise concerning the wildlife or other matters germane to the
application; and
(vi) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available to
the applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives
stated in the application.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this paragraph shall
be subject to the special condition that the escape of living wildlife
covered by the permit shall be immediately reported to the Service office
designated in the permit.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be designated on the face of the permit.
(b)(1) Application requirements for permits for incidental taking. (i) A
person wishing to get a permit for an activity prohibited by §17.31
submits an application for activities under this paragraph.
(ii) The director shall publish notice in theFederal Registerof each
application for a permit that is made under this section. Each notice
shall invite the submission from interested parties, within 30 days after
the date of the notice, of written data, views, or arguments with respect
to the application.
(iii) Each application must be submitted on an official application (Form
3–200) provided by the Service, and must include as an attachment, all of
the following information:
(A) A complete description of the activity sought to be authorized;
(B) The common and scientific names of the species sought to be covered by
the permit, as well as the number, age, and sex of such species, if known;
(C) A conservation plan that specifies:
( 1 ) The impact that will likely result from such taking;
( 2 ) What steps the applicant will take to monitor, minimize, and
mitigate such impacts, the funding that will be available to implement
such steps, and the procedures to be used to deal with unforeseen
circumstances;
( 3 ) What alternative actions to such taking the applicant considered and
the reasons why such alternatives are not proposed to be utilized; and
( 4 ) Such other measures that the Director may require as being necessary
or appropriate for purposes of the plan.
(2) Issuance criteria. (i) Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. The Director shall consider the
general issuance criteria in 13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
13.21(b)(4), and shall issue the permit if he or she finds that:
(A) The taking will be incidental;
(B) The applicant will, to the maximum extent practicable, minimize and

mitigate the impacts of such takings;
(C) The applicant will ensure that adequate funding for the conservation
plan and procedures to deal with unforeseen circumstances will be
provided;
(D) The taking will not appreciably reduce the likelihood of the survival
and recovery of the species in the wild;
(E) The measures, if any, required under paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(D) of this
section will be met; and
(F) He or she has received such other assurances as he or she may require
that the plan will be implemented.
(ii) In making his or her decision, the Director shall also consider the
anticipated duration and geographic scope of the applicant's planned
activities, including the amount of listed species habitat that is
involved and the degree to which listed species and their habitats are
affected.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this paragraph shall
contain such terms and conditions as the Director deems necessary or
appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the conservation
plan including, but not limited to, monitoring and reporting requirements
deemed necessary for determining whether such terms and conditions are
being complied with. The Director shall rely upon existing reporting
requirements to the maximum extent practicable.
(4) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph shall be sufficient to provide adequate assurances to the
permittee to commit funding necessary for the activities authorized by the
permit, including conservation activities and land use restrictions. In
determining the duration of a permit, the Director shall consider the
duration of the planned activities, as well as the possible positive and
negative effects associated with permits of the proposed duration on
listed species, including the extent to which the conservation plan will
enhance the habitat of listed species and increase the long-term
survivability of such species.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or unforeseen
circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (b)(5) apply only to
incidental take permits issued in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this
section where the conservation plan is being properly implemented, and
apply only with respect to species adequately covered by the conservation
plan. These assurances cannot be provided to Federal agencies. This rule
does not apply to incidental take permits issued prior to March 25, 1998.
The assurances provided in incidental take permits issued prior to March
25, 1998 remain in effect, and those permits will not be revised as a
result of this rulemaking.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and were provided for in the plan's operating
conservation program, the permittee will implement the measures specified
in the plan.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the plan. If additional
conservation and mitigation measures are deemed necessary to respond to
changed circumstances and such measures were not provided for in the
plan's operating conservation program, the Director will not require any
conservation and mitigation measures in addition to those provided for in
the plan without the consent of the permittee, provided the plan is being
properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of additional

land, water, or financial compensation or additional restrictions on the
use of land, water, or other natural resources beyond the level otherwise
agreed upon for the species covered by the conservation plan without the
consent of the permittee.
(B) If additional conservation and mitigation measures are deemed
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may require
additional measures of the permittee where the conservation plan is being
properly implemented, but only if such measures are limited to
modifications within conserved habitat areas, if any, or to the
conservation plan's operating conservation program for the affected
species, and maintain the original terms of the conservation plan to the
maximum extent possible. Additional conservation and mitigation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the conservation plan without the consent of the
permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that such
unforeseen circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial
data available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but not
be limited to, the following factors:
( 1 ) Size of the current range of the affected species;
( 2 ) Percentage of range adversely affected by the conservation plan;
( 3 ) Percentage of range conserved by the conservation plan;
( 4 ) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by the
conservation plan;
( 5 ) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the conservation
plan; and
( 6 ) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the affected
species in the wild.
(6) Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or constrain the
Director, any Federal, State, local, or Tribal government agency, or a
private entity, from taking additional actions at its own expense to
protect or conserve a species included in a conservation plan.
(7) Discontinuance of permit activity. Notwithstanding the provisions of
§13.26 of this subchapter, a permittee under this paragraph (b) remains
responsible for any outstanding minimization and mitigation measures
required under the terms of the permit for take that occurs prior to
surrender of the permit and such minimization and mitigation measures as
may be required pursuant to the termination provisions of an implementing
agreement, habitat conservation plan, or permit even after surrendering
the permit to the Service pursuant to §13.26 of this subchapter. The
permit shall be deemed canceled only upon a determination by the Service
that such minimization and mitigation measures have been implemented. Upon
surrender of the permit, no further take shall be authorized under the
terms of the surrendered permit.
(8) Criteria for revocation. A permit issued under paragraph (b) of this
section may not be revoked for any reason except those set forth in
§13.28(a)(1) through (4) of this subchapter or unless continuation of the
permitted activity would be inconsistent with the criterion set forth in
16 U.S.C. 1539(a)(2)(B)(iv) and the inconsistency has not been remedied.
(c)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Safe Harbor Agreements. The applicant must submit an

application for a permit under this paragraph (c) to the appropriate
Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for the Region where
the applicant resides or where the proposed action is to occur (for
appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22), if the applicant wishes to
engage in any activity prohibited by §17.31. The applicant must submit an
official Service application form (3–200.54) that includes the following
information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the listed species for which the
applicant requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of how incidental take of the covered species pursuant
to the Safe Harbor Agreement is likely to occur, both as a result of
management activities and as a result of the return to baseline;
(iii) A Safe Harbor Agreement that complies with the requirements of the
Safe Harbor policy available from the Service; and
(iv) The Director must publish notice in theFederal Registerof each
application for a permit that is made under this paragraph (c). Each
notice must invite the submission from interested parties within 30 days
after the date of the notice of written data, views, or arguments with
respect to the application. The procedures included in §17.22(e) for
permit objection apply to any notice published by the Director under this
paragraph (c).
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the general
issuance criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
§13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and will
be in accordance with the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) The implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the affected
listed species by contributing to the recovery of listed species included
in the permit, and the Safe Harbor Agreement otherwise complies with the
Safe Harbor policy available from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized take will
not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any listed species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement is
consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement will not be
in conflict with any ongoing conservation or recovery programs for listed
species covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to implementing
all of the terms of the Safe Harbor Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (c) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the participating property owner to notify the
Service of any transfer of lands subject to a Safe Harbor Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the Service
reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when he or she
expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under the permit.
Such notification will provide the Service with an opportunity to relocate
affected individuals of the species, if possible and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Safe Harbor Agreement.

(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (c) become
effective the day of issuance for species covered by the Safe Harbor
Agreement.
(5) Assurances provided to permittee. (i) The assurances in subparagraph
(ii) of this paragraph (c)(5) apply only to Safe Harbor permits issued in
accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section where the Safe Harbor
Agreement is being properly implemented, and apply only with respect to
species covered by the Agreement and permit. These assurances cannot be
provided to Federal agencies. The assurances provided in this section
apply only to Safe Harbor permits issued after July 19, 1999.
(ii) The Director and the permittee may agree to revise or modify the
management measures set forth in a Safe Harbor Agreement if the Director
determines that such revisions or modifications do not change the
Director's prior determination that the Safe Harbor Agreement is
reasonably expected to provide a net conservation benefit to the listed
species. However, the Director may not require additional or different
management activities to be undertaken by a permittee without the consent
of the permittee.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or
constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal government
agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions at its own
expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Safe Harbor
Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit issued
under paragraph (c) of this section except as provided in this paragraph.
The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in §13.28(a)(1)
through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may revoke a permit if
continuation of the permitted activity would either appreciably reduce the
likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild of any listed species or
directly or indirectly alter designated critical habitat such that it
appreciably diminishes the value of that critical habitat for both the
survival and recovery of a listed species. Before revoking a permit for
either of the latter two reasons, the Director, with the consent of the
permittee, will pursue all appropriate options to avoid permit revocation.
These options may include, but are not limited to: extending or modifying
the existing permit, capturing and relocating the species, compensating
the landowner to forgo the activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple
interest in the property, or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an
interest in the property.
(8) Duration of permits. The duration of permits issued under this
paragraph (c) must be sufficient to provide a net conservation benefit to
species covered in the enhancement of survival permit. In determining the
duration of a permit, the Director will consider the duration of the
planned activities, as well as the positive and negative effects
associated with permits of the proposed duration on covered species,
including the extent to which the conservation activities included in the
Safe Harbor Agreement will enhance the survival and contribute to the
recovery of listed species included in the permit.
(d)(1) Application requirements for permits for the enhancement of
survival through Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances. The
applicant must submit an application for a permit under this paragraph (d)
to the appropriate Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, for
the Region where the applicant resides or where the proposed activity is
to occur (for appropriate addresses, see 50 CFR 10.22). When a species
covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances is listed as
threatened and the applicant wishes to engage in activities identified in
the Agreement and otherwise prohibited by §17.31, the applicant must apply

for an enhancement of survival permit for species covered by the
Agreement. The permit will become valid if and when covered proposed,
candidate or other unlisted species is listed as a threatened species. The
applicant must submit an official Service application form (3–200.54) that
includes the following information:
(i) The common and scientific names of the species for which the applicant
requests incidental take authorization;
(ii) A description of the land use or water management activity for which
the applicant requests incidental take authorization; and
(iii) A Candidate Conservation Agreement that complies with the
requirements of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances
policy available from the Service.
(iv) The Director must publish notice in theFederal Registerof each
application for a permit that is made under this paragraph (d). Each
notice must invite the submission from interested parties within 30 days
after the date of the notice of written data, views, or arguments with
respect to the application. The procedures included in §17.22(e) for
permit objection apply to any notice published by the Director under this
paragraph (d).
(2) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not to issue a permit. The Director shall consider the general
issuance criteria in §13.21(b) of this subchapter, except for
§13.21(b)(4), and may issue the permit if he or she finds:
(i) The take will be incidental to an otherwise lawful activity and will
be in accordance with the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) The Candidate Conservation Agreement complies with the requirements
of the Candidate Conservation Agreement with Assurances policy available
from the Service;
(iii) The probable direct and indirect effects of any authorized take will
not appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild
of any species;
(iv) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement
is consistent with applicable Federal, State, and Tribal laws and
regulations;
(v) Implementation of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement
will not be in conflict with any ongoing conservation programs for species
covered by the permit; and
(vi) The applicant has shown capability for and commitment to implementing
all of the terms of the Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(3) Permit conditions. In addition to any applicable general permit
conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued
under this paragraph (d) is subject to the following special conditions:
(i) A requirement for the property owner to notify the Service of any
transfer of lands subject to a Candidate Conservation Agreement;
(ii) When appropriate, a requirement for the permittee to give the Service
reasonable advance notice (generally at least 30 days) of when he or she
expects to incidentally take any listed species covered under the permit.
Such notification will provide the Service with an opportunity to relocate
affected individuals of the species, if possible and appropriate; and
(iii) Any additional requirements or conditions the Director deems
necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the permit and the
Candidate Conservation Agreement.
(4) Permit effective date. Permits issued under this paragraph (d) become
effective for a species covered by a Candidate Conservation Agreement on
the effective date of a final rule that lists a covered species as
threatened.

(5) Assurances provided to permittee in case of changed or unforeseen
circumstances. The assurances in this paragraph (d)(5) apply only to
permits issued in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) where the Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement is being properly implemented, and
apply only with respect to species adequately covered by the Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement. These assurances cannot be
provided to Federal agencies.
(i) Changed circumstances provided for in the Agreement. If the Director
determines that additional conservation measures are necessary to respond
to changed circumstances and these measures were set forth in the
Agreement, the permittee will implement the measures specified in the
Agreement.
(ii) Changed circumstances not provided for in the Agreement. If the
Director determines that additional conservation measures not provided for
in the Agreement are necessary to respond to changed circumstances, the
Director will not require any conservation measures in addition to those
provided for in the Agreement without the consent of the permittee,
provided the Agreement is being properly implemented.
(iii) Unforeseen circumstances. (A) In negotiating unforeseen
circumstances, the Director will not require the commitment of additional
land, water, or financial compensation or additional restrictions on the
use of land, water, or other natural resources beyond the level otherwise
agreed upon for the species covered by the Agreement without the consent
of the permittee.
(B) If the Director determines additional conservation measures are
necessary to respond to unforeseen circumstances, the Director may require
additional measures of the permittee where the Agreement is being properly
implemented, but only if such measures maintain the original terms of the
Agreement to the maximum extent possible. Additional conservation measures
will not involve the commitment of additional land, water, or financial
compensation or additional restrictions on the use of land, water, or
other natural resources otherwise available for development or use under
the original terms of the Agreement without the consent of the permittee.
(C) The Director will have the burden of demonstrating that unforeseen
circumstances exist, using the best scientific and commercial data
available. These findings must be clearly documented and based upon
reliable technical information regarding the status and habitat
requirements of the affected species. The Director will consider, but not
be limited to, the following factors:
( 1 ) Size of the current range of the affected species;
( 2 ) Percentage of range adversely affected by the Agreement;
( 3 ) Percentage of range conserved by the Agreement;
( 4 ) Ecological significance of that portion of the range affected by the
Agreement;
( 5 ) Level of knowledge about the affected species and the degree of
specificity of the species' conservation program under the Agreement; and
( 6 ) Whether failure to adopt additional conservation measures would
appreciably reduce the likelihood of survival and recovery of the affected
species in the wild.
(6) Additional actions. Nothing in this rule will be construed to limit or
constrain the Director, any Federal, State, local or Tribal government
agency, or a private entity, from taking additional actions at its own
expense to protect or conserve a species included in a Candidate
Conservation with Assurances Agreement.
(7) Criteria for revocation. The Director may not revoke a permit issued
under paragraph (d) of this section except as provided in this paragraph.
The Director may revoke a permit for any reason set forth in §13.28(a)(1)

through (4) of this subchapter. The Director may revoke a permit if
continuation of the permitted activity would either appreciably reduce the
likelihood of survival and recovery in the wild of any listed species or
directly or indirectly alter designated critical habitat such that it
appreciably diminishes the value of that critical habitat for both the
survival and recovery of a listed species. Before revoking a permit for
either of the latter two reasons, the Director, with the consent of the
permittee, will pursue all appropriate options to avoid permit revocation.
These options may include, but are not limited to: extending or modifying
the existing permit, capturing and relocating the species, compensating
the landowner to forgo the activity, purchasing an easement or fee simple
interest in the property, or arranging for a third-party acquisition of an
interest in the property.
(8) Duration of the Candidate Conservation Agreement. The duration of a
Candidate Conservation Agreement covered by a permit issued under this
paragraph (d) must be sufficient to enable the Director to determine that
the benefits of the conservation measures in the Agreement, when combined
with those benefits that would be achieved if it is assumed that the
conservation measures would also be implemented on other necessary
properties, would preclude or remove any need to list the species covered
by the Agreement.
[50 FR 39689, Sept. 30, 1985, as amended at 63 FR 8871, Feb. 23, 1998; 63
FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998; 64 FR 32714, June 17, 1999; 64 FR 52676, Sept. 30,
1999; 69 FR 24093, May 3, 2004; 69 FR 29670, May 25, 2004; 69 FR 71731,
Dec. 10, 2004]
§ 17.40
Special rules—mammals.
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(a) [Reserved]
(b) Grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos )—(1) Prohibitions. The following
prohibitions apply to the grizzly bear:
(i) Taking. (A) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(B) through (F)
of this section, no person shall take any grizzly bear in the 48
conterminous states of the United States.
(B) Grizzly bears may be taken in self-defense or in defense of others,
but such taking shall be reported, within 5 days of occurrence, to the
Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado
80225 (303/236–7540 or FTS 776–7540), if occurring in Montana or Wyoming,
or to the Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Lloyd 500 Building, Suite 1490, 500 Northeast
Multnomah Street, Portland, Oregon 97232 (503/231–6125 or FTS 429–6125),
if occurring in Idaho or Washington, and to appropriate State and Indian
Reservation Tribal authorities. Grizzly bears or their parts taken in
self-defense or in defense of others shall not be possessed, delivered,
carried, transported, shipped, exported, received, or sold, except by
Federal, State, or Tribal authorities.
(C) Removal of nuisance bears. A grizzly bear consituting a demonstrable
but non immediate threat to human safety or committing significant
depredations to lawfully present livestock, crops, or beehives may be
taken, but only if:
( 1 ) It has not been reasonably possible to eliminate such threat or
depredation by live-capturing and releasing unharmed in a remote area the
grizzly bear involved; and
( 2 ) The taking is done in a humane manner by authorized Federal, State,
or Tribal authorities, and in accordance with current interagency
guidelines covering the taking of such nuisance bears; and
( 3 ) The taking is reported within 5 days of occurrence to the

appropriate Assistant Regional Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, as indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this
section, and to appropriate State and Tribal authorities.
(D) Federal, State, or Tribal scientific or research activities. Federal,
State, or Tribal authorities may take grizzly bears for scientific or
research purposes, but only if such taking does not result in death or
permanent injury to the bears involved. Such taking must be reported
within 5 days of occurrence to the appropriate Assistant Regional
Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as
indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this section, and to appropriate
State and Tribal authorities.
(E) [Reserved]
(F) National Parks. The regulations of the National Park Service shall
govern all taking of grizzly bears in National Parks.
(ii) Unlawfully taken grizzly bears. (A) Except as provided in paragraphs
(b)(1)(ii)(B) and (iv) of this section, no person shall possess, deliver,
carry, transport, ship, export, receive, or sell any unlawfully taken
grizzly bear. Any unlawful taking of a grizzly bear shall be reported
within 5 days of occurrence to the appropriate Assistant Regional
Director, Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as
indicated in paragraph (b)(1)(i)(B) of this section, and to appropriate
State and Tribal authorities.
(B) Authorized Federal, State, or Tribal employees, when acting in the
course of their official duties, may, for scientific or research purposes,
possess, deliver, carry, transport, ship, export, or receive unlawfully
taken grizzly bears.
(iii) Import or export. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(iii) (A)
and (B) and (iv) of this section, no person shall import any grizzly bear
into the United States.
(A) Federal, State, or Tribal scientific or research activities. Federal,
State, or Tribal authorities may import grizzly bears into the United
States for scientific or research purposes.
(B) Public zoological institution. Public zoological institutions (see 50
CFR 10.12) may import grizzly bears into the United States.
(iv) Commercial transactions. (A) Except as provided in paragraph
(b)(1)(iv)(B) of this section, no person shall, in the course of
commercial activity, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in
interstate or foreign commerce any grizzly bear.
(B) A public zoological institution (see 50 CFR 10.12) dealing with other
public zoological institutions may sell grizzly bears or offer them for
sale in interstate or foreign commerce, and may, in the course of
commercial activity, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship grizzly
bears in interstate or foreign commerce.
(v) Other violations. No person shall attempt to commit, cause to be
committed, or solicit another to commit any act prohibited by paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(2) Definitions. As used in paragraph (b) of this section:
Grizzly bear means any member of the species Ursus arctos of the 48
conterminous States of the United States, including any part, offspring,
dead body, part of a dead body, or product of such species.
Grizzly bear accompanied by young means any grizzly bear having offspring,
including one or more cubs, yearlings, or 2-year-olds, in its immediate
vicinity.
Identified means permanently marked or documented so as to be identifiable
by law enforcement officials at a subsequent date.
State, Federal or Tribal authority means an employee of State, Federal, or
Indian Tribal government who, as part of his/her official duties, normally

handles grizzly bears.
Young grizzly bear means a cub, yearling, or 2-year-old grizzly bear.
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(c) Primates. (1) Except as noted in paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) of this
section, all provisions of §17.31 shall apply to the lesser slow loris,
Nycticebus pygmaeus ; Philippine tarsier, Tarsius syrichta ; white-footed
tamarin, Saguinus leucopus ; black howler monkey, Alouatta pigra ;
stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides ; gelada baboon, Theropithecus
gelada ; Formosan rock macaque, Macaca cyclopis ; Japanese macaque, Macaca
fuscata ; Toque macaque, Macaca sinica ; long-tailed langur, Presbytis
potenziani ; purple-faced langur, Presbytis senex ; Tonkin snub-nosed
langur, Pygathrix (Rhinopithecus) avunculus ; and, in captivity only,
chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes.
(2) The prohibitions referred to above do not apply to any live member of
such species held in captivity in the United States on the effective date
of the final rulemaking, or to the progeny of such animals, or to the
progeny of animals legally imported into the United States after the
effective date of the final rulemaking, Provided, That the person wishing
to engage in any activity which would otherwise be prohibited must be able
to show satisfactory documentary or other evidence as to the captive
status of the particular member of the species on the effective date of
this rulemaking or that the particular member of the species was born in
captivity in the United States after the effective date of this
rulemaking. Identification of the particular member to a record in the
International Species Inventory System (ISIS), or to a Federal, State or
local government permit, shall be deemed to be satisfactory evidence.
Records in the form of studbooks or inventories, kept in the normal course
of business, shall be acceptable as evidence, provided that a notarized
statement is inserted in such record to the effect that:
(i) The records were kept in the normal course of business prior to
November 18, 1976, and accurately identify (by use of markers, tags, or
other acceptable marking devices) individual animals; or
(ii) That the individual animal identified by the records was born in
captivity on ____(Date).
The notarized statement in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, shall be
acceptable only if the notarization is dated on or before January 3, 1977.
The notarized statement in paragraph (c)(2)(ii), of this section, shall be
acceptable only if the notarization is dated within 15 days of the date of
birth of the animal.
(3) The provisions of §§17.21, 17.22, and 17.23 shall apply to any
individual chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) within the historic range of the
species, regardless of whether in the wild or captivity, and also shall
apply to any individual chimpanzee not within this range, but which has
originated within this range after the effective date of these
regulations, and also shall apply to the progeny of any such chimpanzee,
other than to the progeny of animals legally imported into the United
States after the effective date of these regulations. For the purposes of
this paragraph, the historic range of the chimpanzee shall consist of the
following countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zaire.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )—(1) Definitions. For the
purposes of this paragraph (e):
(i) African elephant shall mean any member of the species Loxodonta

africana, whether live or dead, and any part or product thereof.
(ii) Raw ivory means any African elephant tusk, and any piece thereof, the
surface of which, polished or unpolished, is unaltered or minimally
carved.
(iii) Worked ivory means any African elephant tusk, and any piece thereof,
which is not raw ivory.
(iv) Lip mark area means that area of a whole African elephant tusk where
the tusk emerges from the skull and which is usually denoted by a
prominent ring of staining on the tusk in its natural state.
(2) Prohibitions. Except as provided in the exceptions in paragraph (e)(3)
of this section, it shall be unlawful for any person to:
(i) Import or export any African elephant,
(ii) Possess, sell or offer for sale, receive, deliver, transport ship, or
export any African elephant which was illegally imported into the United
States,
(iii) Sell or offer for sale any sport-hunted trophy imported into the
United States in violation of permit conditions.
(3) Exceptions. (i) African elephants, other than sport-hunted trophies
and raw and worked ivory, may be imported or exported provided all permit
requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23 have been complied with.
(ii) Ivory. (A) Raw or worked ivory (other than sport-hunted trophies) may
be imported only if:
( 1 ) It is a bona fide antique of greater than 100 years of age on the
day of import, or
( 2 ) It was exported from the United States after being registered with
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
(B) Worked ivory may be exported in accordance with the permit
requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23.
(C) Raw ivory may not be exported from the United States for commercial
purposes under any circumstances.
(iii) Sport-hunted trophies may be imported into the United States
provided:
(A) The trophy originates in a country for which the Service has received
notice of that country's African elephant ivory quota for the year of
export;
(B) All of the permit requirements of 50 CFR parts 13 and 23 have been
complied with;
(C) A determination is made that the killing of the animal whose trophy is
intended for import would enhance survival of the species; and
(D) The trophy is legibly marked by means of punch-dies, under a marking
and registration system established by the country of origin, that
includes the following information: Country of origin represented by the
two-letter code established by the International Organization for
Standardization (see appendix A to chapter I) followed by the registration
number assigned to the last two digits of the year of registration and the
weight of raw ivory to the nearest kilogram. Any mark must be placed on
the lip mark area and indicated by a flash of color which serves as a
background for such mark.
(f) Leopard. (1) Except as noted in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, all
prohibitions of §17.31 of this part and exemptions of §17.32 of this part
shall apply to the leopard populations occurring in southern Africa to the
south of a line running along the borders of the following countries:
Gabon/Rio Muni; Gabon/Cameroon; Congo/Cameroon; Congo/Central African
Republic; Zaire/Central African Republic; Zaire/Sudan; Uganda/Sudan;
Kenya/Sudan; Kenya/Ethiopia; Kenya/Somalia.
(2) A sport-hunted leopard trophy legally taken after the effective date
of this rulemaking, from the area south of the line delineated above, may

be imported into the United States without a Threatened Species permit
pursuant to §17.32 of this part, provided that the applicable provisions
of 50 CFR part 23 have been met.
(g) Utah prairie dog ( Cynomys parvidens ). (1) Except as noted in
paragraph (g)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 (a) and
(b), and exemptions of 50 CFR 17.32 shall apply to the Utah prairie dog.
(2) A Utah prairie dog may be taken on private land throughout its range
under a permit issued by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, in
accordance with the laws of the State of Utah, provided that such taking
does not exceed 6,000 animals annually and that such taking is confined to
the period from June 1 to December 31. Records on permitted take
maintained by the State shall be made available to the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service on request.
(3) If the Service receives substantive evidence that takings pursuant to
paragraph (g)(2) of this section are having an effect that is inconsistent
with the conservation of the Utah prairie dog, the Service may immediately
prohibit or restrict such taking as appropriate for the conservation of
the species.
(h) Mountain lion ( Felis concolor ). (1) Except as allowed in paragraphs
(h)(2), (h)(3), and (h)(4) of this section, no person shall take any
free-living mountain lion ( Felis concolor ) in Florida.
(2) A mountain lion ( Felis concolor ) may be taken in this area under a
valid threatened species permit issued pursuant to 50 CFR 17.52.
(3) A mountain lion ( Felis concolor ) may be taken in Florida by an
employee or designated agent of the Service or the Florida Game and Fresh
Water Fish Commission for taxonomic identification or other reasons
consistent with the conservation of the endangered Florida panther ( Felis
concolor coryi ). When it has been established by the Service, in
consultation with the State, that an animal in question is not a Florida
panther ( Felis concolor coryi ) or an eastern cougar ( Felis concolor
couguar ), such animals may be removed from the wild. The disposition of
animals so taken shall be at the discretion of the Florida Game and Fresh
Water Fish Commission, with the concurrence of the Fish and Wildlife
Service.
(4) Take for reasons of human safety is allowed as specified under 50 CFR
17.21(c)(2) and 17.21(c)(3)(iv).
(5) Any take pursuant to paragraph (h)(4) of this section must be reported
in writing to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Law
Enforcement, P.O. Box 3247, Arlington, Virginia 22203, within 5 days. The
specimen may only be retained, disposed of, or salvaged in accordance with
directions from the Service.
(i) Louisiana black bear ( Ursus americanus luteolus ). (1) Except as
noted in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of §17.31 and
exemptions of §17.32 shall apply to any black bear within the historic
range of the Louisiana black bear (Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi).
(2) Subsection 17.40(i)(1) and §17.31 shall not prohibit effects
incidental to normal forest management activities within the historic
range of the Louisiana black bear except for activities causing damage to
or loss of den trees, den tree sites or candidate den trees. For purposes
of this exemption, normal forest management activities are defined as
those activities that support a sustained yield of timber products and
wildlife habitats, thereby maintaining forestland conditions in occupied
habitat. For purposes of this special rule, candidate den trees are
considered to be bald cypress and tupelo gum with visible cavities, having
a minimum diameter at breast height (DBH) of 36 inches, and occurring in
or along rivers, lakes, streams, bayous, sloughs, or other water bodies.
(3) This express exemption for normal forest management activities

provided by this special rule is subject to modification or withdrawal if
the Service determines that this provision fails to further the
conservation of the Louisiana black bear.
(j) Argali ( Ovis ammon ) in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan—(1)
Except as noted in paragraph (j)(2) of this section, all prohibitions of
§17.31 of this part and exemptions of §17.32 of this part shall apply to
this species in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan
(Note— In all other parts of its range the argali is classified as
endangered and covered by §17.21).
(2) Upon receiving from the governments of Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and
Tajikistan properly documented and verifiable certification that (i)
argali populations in those countries are sufficiently large to sustain
sport hunting, (ii) regulating authorities have the capacity to obtain
sound data on these populations, (iii) regulating authorities recognize
these populations as a valuable resource and have the legal and practical
capacity to manage them as such, (iv) the habitat of these populations is
secure, (v) regulating authorities can ensure that the involved trophies
have in fact been legally taken from the specified populations, and (vi)
funds derived from the involved sport hunting are applied primarily to
argali conservation, the Director may, consistent with the purposes of the
Act, authorize by publication of a notice in theFederal Registerthe
importation of personal sport-hunted argali trophies, taken legally in
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan after the date of such notice,
without a Threatened Species permit pursuant to §17.32 of this part,
provided that the applicable provisions of 50 CFR part 23 have been met.
(k) Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ). (1) What lynx does this special rule
apply to? The regulations in this paragraph (k) apply to all wild and
captive lynx in the contiguous United States.
(2) What activities are prohibited for wild lynx? All prohibitions and
provisions of 50 CFR 17.31 and 17.32 apply to wild lynx found in the
contiguous United States.
(3) What is considered a captive lynx? (i) For purposes of this paragraph
(k), captive lynx means lynx, whether alive or dead, and any part or
product, if the specimen was in captivity at the time of the listing, born
in captivity, or lawfully imported or transported into the contiguous
United States.
(ii) Lynx that were either born or held in captivity and then released
into the wild are considered wild.
(4) What activities are allowed for captive lynx? (i) Take. You may take
lawfully obtained captive lynx without a permit.
(ii) Import and export. You may export captive live lynx, parts or
products of captive lynx provided the specimens are tagged with Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES) export tags and/or accompanied by a valid CITES export permit. You
may import lawfully obtained lynx that originated outside the United
States when you follow the requirements of CITES.
(iii) Interstate commerce. You may deliver, receive, carry, transport,
ship, sell, offer to sell, purchase, or offer to purchase in interstate
commerce captive lynx and captive lynx parts and products in accordance
with State or tribal laws and regulations. In addition, lynx pelts that
are properly tagged with valid CITES export tags also qualify for this
exemption on interstate commerce.
(5) Are any activities not allowed or restricted for captive lynx? You
must comply with all applicable State and tribal laws and regulations.
Violation of State or tribal law will also be a violation of the Act.
(l) Preble's meadow jumping mouse ( Zapus hudsonius preblei ). (1) What is
the definition of take? To harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, trap,

kill, or collect; or attempt to engage in any such conduct. Incidental
take is that which occurs when it is incidental to and not the purpose of
an otherwise lawful activity. Any take that is not authorized by permit
provided through section 7 or section 10 of the Act or that is not covered
by the exemptions described below is considered illegal take.
(2) When is take of Preble's meadow jumping mice allowed? Take of Preble's
meadow jumping mice resulting from the following legally conducted
activities, in certain circumstances as described below, is allowed:
(i) Take under permits. Any person with a valid permit issued by the
Service under §17.32 may take Preble's meadow jumping mice pursuant to the
terms of the permit.
(ii) Rodent control. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be taken incidental
to rodent control undertaken within 10 feet of or inside any structure.
“Rodent control” includes control of mice and rats by trapping, capturing,
or otherwise physically capturing or killing, or poisoning by any
substance registered with the Environmental Protection Agency as required
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136)
and applied consistent with its labeling. “Structure” includes but is not
limited to any building, stable, grain silo, corral, barn, shed, water or
sewage treatment equipment or facility, enclosed parking structure,
shelter, gazebo, bandshell, or restroom complex.
(iii) Established, ongoing agricultural activities. Preble's meadow
jumping mice may be taken incidental to agricultural activities, including
grazing, plowing, seeding, cultivating, minor drainage, burning, mowing,
and harvesting, as long as these activities are established, ongoing
activities and do not increase impacts to or further encroach upon the
Preble's meadow jumping mouse or its habitat. New agricultural activities
or those that expand the footprint or intensity of the activity are not
considered to be established, ongoing activities.
(iv) Maintenance and replacement of existing landscaping. Preble's meadow
jumping mice may be taken incidental to the maintenance and replacement of
any landscaping and related structures and improvements, as long as they
are currently in place and no increase in impervious surfaces would result
from their maintenance and improvement. Construction of new structures or
improvements or expansion of the landscaping in a manner that increases
impervious surfaces would not be considered maintenance and replacement of
existing landscaping.
(v) Existing uses of water. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be taken
incidentally as a result of existing uses of water associated with the
exercise of perfected water rights pursuant to State law and interstate
compacts and decrees. (A “perfected water right” is a right that has been
put to beneficial use and has been permitted, decreed, or adjudicated
pursuant to State law.) Increasing the use or altering the location of use
of an existing water right would not be considered an existing use of
water.
(vi) Noxious weed control. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be taken
incidental to noxious weed control that is conducted in accordance with:
(A) Federal law, including Environmental Protection Agency label
restrictions;
(B) Applicable State laws for noxious weed control;
(C) Applicable county bulletins;
(D) Herbicide application guidelines as prescribed by herbicide
manufacturers; and
(E) Any future revisions to the authorities listed in paragraphs
(l)(2)(vi)(A) through (D) of this section that apply to the herbicides
proposed for use within the species' range.
(vii) Ditch maintenance activities. Preble's meadow jumping mice may be

taken incidental to normal and customary ditch maintenance activities only
if the activities:
(A) Result in the annual loss of no more than1/4mile of riparian shrub
habitat per linear mile of ditch, including burning of ditches that
results in the annual loss of no more than1/4mile of riparian shrub
habitat per linear mile of ditch.
(B) Are performed within the historic footprint of the surface disturbance
associated with ditches and related infrastructure, and
(C) Follow the Best Management Practices described in paragraphs
(l)(2)(vii)(C)( 1 ) through ( 3 ) of this section.
( 1 ) Persons engaged in ditch maintenance activities shall avoid, to the
maximum extent practicable, impacts to shrub vegetation. For example, if
accessing the ditch for maintenance or repair activities from an area
containing no shrubs is possible, then damage to adjacent shrub vegetation
shall be avoided.
( 2 ) Persons engaged in placement or sidecasting of silt and debris
removed during ditch cleaning, vegetation or mulch from mowing or cutting,
and other material from ditch maintenance shall, to the maximum extent
practicable, avoid shrub habitat and at no time disturb more than1/4mile
of riparian shrub habitat per linear mile of ditch within any calendar
year.
( 3 ) To the maximum extent practicable, all ditch maintenance activities
should be carried out during the Preble's hibernation season, November
through April.
(D) All ditch maintenance activities carried out during the Preble's
active season, May through October, should be conducted during daylight
hours only.
(E) Ditch maintenance activities that would result in permanent or
long-term loss of potential habitat that would not be considered normal or
customary include replacement of existing infrastructure with components
of substantially different materials and design, such as replacement of
open ditches with pipeline or concrete-lined ditches, replacement of an
existing gravel access road with a permanently paved road, or replacement
of an earthen diversion structure with a rip-rap and concrete structure,
and construction of new infrastructure or the movement of existing
infrastructure to new locations, such as realignment of a ditch, building
a new access road, or installation of new diversion works where none
previously existed.
(3) When is take of Preble's not allowed? (i) Any manner of take not
described under paragraph (l)(2) of this section.
(ii) No person may import or export, ship in interstate commerce in the
course of commercial activity, or sell or offer for sale in interstate or
foreign commerce any Preble's meadow jumping mice.
(iii) No person, except for an authorized person, may possess, sell,
deliver, carry, transport, or ship any Preble's meadow jumping mice that
have been taken illegally.
(4) Where does this rule apply? The take exemptions provided by this rule
are applicable within the entire range of the Preble's meadow jumping
mouse.
(m) Vicuña. This paragraph (m) applies to the threatened vicuña ( Vicugna
vicugna).
(1) What activities involving vicuña are prohibited by this rule? (i)
Appendix I populations. All provisions of §17.31 (a) and (b) and §17.32
apply to vicuña and vicuña parts and products originating from populations
currently listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
(ii) Import, export, and re-export. Except as provided in paragraph (m)(2)

of this section, you must not import, export, or re-export, or present for
export or re-export without valid CITES permits vicuña or vicuña parts and
products originating from populations listed in Appendix II of CITES.
(iii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraph (m)(2) of this
section, you must not sell or offer for sale, deliver, receive, carry,
transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce in the course of a
commercial activity vicuña or vicuña parts and products from populations
listed in Appendix II of CITES.
(iv) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or cause to
be committed any acts described in paragraphs (m)(1)(ii)-(iii) of this
section.
(2) What activities involving vicuña are allowed by this rule? You may
import, export, or re-export, or place in interstate or foreign commerce,
vicuña products, consisting of either raw fiber or items and cloth made,
or partially made, from vicuña fiber, without a threatened species permit
issued according to §17.32 only when the provisions in parts 13, 14, and
23 of this chapter and the requirements of the applicable subparagraphs of
this paragraph (m)(2) have been met:
(i) Import, export, or re-export. You may import, export, or re-export
into or from the United States vicuña products, consisting of either raw
fiber or items and cloth made, or partially made, from vicuña fiber
originating in a country authorized under paragraph (m)(4) of this
section, provided the following conditions are met:
(A) The vicuña product must comply with all CITES product annotations as
given in the CITES Secretariat's official list of the CITES Appendices,
and all imports, exports, and re-exports of vicuña products (including raw
fiber re-exported from, or products manufactured in, intermediary
countries) must be identified as follows:
( 1 ) Cloth, cloth products, and other finished products (including luxury
handicrafts and knitted articles not produced in the country of origin):
The reverse side of cloth, cloth products, and other finished products
(including luxury handicrafts and knitted articles not produced in the
country of origin), and samples of any of these items, must bear the logo
adopted by countries signatory to the “Convenio para la Conservación y
Manejo de la Vicuña” and the words “VICUÑA—(Country of Origin),” where
country of origin is the name of the country where the vicuña fiber in the
products originated, either Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, or Peru. The logo
and words may be woven into the item, or may be on a label sewn into the
item.
( 2 ) Luxury handicrafts and knitted articles produced in the country of
origin: The luxury handicraft or knitted article must bear the logo
adopted by countries signatory to the “Convenio para la Conservación y
Manejo de la Vicuña” and the words “VICUÑA—(Country of Origin)—ARTESANIA,”
where country of origin is the name of the country where the vicuña fiber
in the products, and the products themselves, originated, either
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, or Peru. The logo and words may be woven into
the item, or may be on a label sewn into the item.
( 3 ) Bulk shipments of raw fiber: The bulk shipment of raw fiber must be
sealed with a tamper-proof seal and have the following:
( i ) An identification tag with a code identifying the country of origin
of the vicuña fiber and the CITES export permit number; and
( ii ) The logo adopted by countries signatory to the “Convenio para la
Conservación y Manejo de la Vicuña” and the words “VICUÑA—(Country of
Origin),” where country of origin is the name of the original exporting
country where the vicuña fiber in the products originated, either
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, or Peru.

(B) The shipment must be accompanied by a CITES permit or certificate that
contains the following information:
( 1 ) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance.
( 2 ) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number, and
date of issuance.
( 3 ) If applicable, the country of last re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance.
(C) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this exception,
the country of origin and each country of re-export involved in the trade
of a particular shipment must have designated both a CITES Management
Authority and Scientific Authority, and have not been identified by the
CITES Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing Committee, or in a
Notification from the CITES Secretariat as a country from which Parties
should not accept permits. A listing of all countries that have not
designated both a Management Authority and Scientific Authority, or that
have been identified as a country from which Parties should not accept
permits is available by writing: The Division of Management Authority,
ARLSQ Room 700, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Arlington, VA 22203. The list is also on our website (
http://international.fws.gov ).
(ii) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions described in
paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this section also apply to noncommercial personal
effects in accompanying baggage or household effects from Appendix II
populations. Such items are treated the same as Appendix II commercial
shipments, and must comply with the same documentary requirements. All
other noncommercial personal effects in accompanying baggage or household
effects require both a CITES Appendix I permit and a permit as described
in §17.32.
(iii) Embryos, gametes, blood, other tissue samples, and live animals.
This special rule does not apply to embryos, gametes, blood, or other
tissue samples of vicuña, or to live vicuña. Import of such specimens
requires an import permit as described in §17.32 in addition to CITES
Appendix I import and export permits, and will be issued only for bona
fide scientific research contributing to conservation of the species in
the wild.
(3) When and how will the Service inform the public of additional
restrictions in trade of vicuña? Except in rare cases involving
extenuating circumstances that do not adversely affect the conservation of
the species, we will issue an information notice that identifies a
restriction on trade in specimens of vicuña addressed in this paragraph
(m) if any of the following criteria are met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the CITES
Secretariat as lacking a designated Management or Scientific Authority
that issues CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the Conference of
the Parties to the Convention, the Convention's Standing Committee, or in
a Notification issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby Parties are asked
not to accept shipments of specimens of any CITES-listed species from the
country in question.
(iii) The Service's Division of Scientific Authority administratively
determines that the conservation or management status of threatened vicuña
populations in a range country has changed, such that continued recovery
of the vicuña population in that country may be compromised, as a result
of one or more of the following factors:
(A) A change in range country laws or regulations that lessens protection
for vicuña;

(B) A change in range country management programs that lessens protection
for vicuña;
(C) A documented decline in wild vicuña population numbers;
(D) A documented increase in poaching of vicuña;
(E) A documented decline in vicuña habitat quality or quantity; or
(F) Other natural or man-made factors affecting the species' recovery.
(iv) A listing of all countries that have not designated both a Management
Authority and Scientific Authority, or that have been identified as a
country from which Parties should not accept permits is available by
writing: The Division of Management Authority, ARLSQ Room 700, 4401 N.
Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington, VA 22203. The
list is also on our website ( http://international.fws.gov ).
(4) What must vicuña range countries do in order to be authorized under
the special rule to export to the United States? —(i) Annual Report. Range
country governments (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) wishing to
export specimens of vicuña to the United States will need to provide an
annual report containing the most recent information available on the
status of the species, following the information guidelines specified
below. The first submission of a status report will be required as of July
1, 2003, and every year thereafter on the anniversary of that date. For
each range country, the following information should be provided in the
annual report:
(A) A description of any revisions to the management program, especially
any changes in management approaches or emphasis;
(B) New information obtained in the last year on vicuña distribution,
population status, or population trends, for the country as a whole or for
specific protected areas, and a detailed description of the methodology
used to obtain such information;
(C) Results of any research projects concluded in the last year on the
biology of vicuña in the wild, particularly its population biology,
habitat use, and genetics, and a description of any new research projects
undertaken on the biology of vicuña in the wild, particularly its
population biology, habitat use, and genetics;
(D) A description of any changes to national and/or provincial laws and
programs relating to vicuña conservation, in particular those laws and
regulations related to harvest and use of the vicuña, and export of vicuña
parts and products;
(E) A description of any changes in the number or size of natural reserves
or national parks that provide protected habitat for the vicuña;
(F) A summary of law enforcement activities undertaken in the last year,
and a description of any changes in programs to prevent poaching,
smuggling, and illegal commercialization of the vicuña;
(G) A description of the current management and harvest (or “sustainable
use”) programs for wild populations of the vicuña, including: any changes
in the location and population size of wild populations being managed for
sustainable use; any changes in the harvest management practices being
used for each population; any changes in current harvest quotas for wild
populations, if any; any changes in protocols for translocations
undertaken as part of the use program; a summary of the specific financial
costs of and revenues generated by the sustainable use program over the
last year; and a summary of documented conservation benefits resulting
from the sustainable use program over the last year;
(H) A description of current management and harvest (or “sustainable use”)
programs for captive and so-called “semi-captive” populations of the
vicuña, including: any changes in the number and location of all captive
and “semi-captive” populations; any changes in the size (ha) of each
captive enclosure and the number of vicuña maintained therein; any changes

in protocols for translocations undertaken as part of the use program; a
summary of the financial costs of and revenues generated by the
sustainable use program over the last year; and documented conservation
benefits resulting from the sustainable use program over the last year
(information on captive and “semi-captive” populations must be separate
from that provided for wild populations); and
(I) Export data for the last year.
(ii) The Service's Division of Scientific Authority will conduct a review
every 2 years, using information in the annual reports, to determine
whether range country management programs are effectively achieving
conservation benefits for the vicuña. Failure to submit an annual report
could result in a restriction on trade in specimens of vicuña as addressed
in paragraph (m)(3) of this section. Based on information contained in the
annual reports and any other pertinent information it has available, the
Service may restrict trade from a range country, as addressed in paragraph
(m)(3) of this section, if it determines that the conservation or
management status of threatened vicuña populations in a range country has
changed, such that continued recovery of the vicuña population in that
country may be compromised. Trade restrictions may result from one or more
of the following factors:
(A) A change in range country laws or regulations that lessens protection
for vicuña;
(B) A change in range country management programs that lessens protection
for vicuña;
(C) A documented decline in wild vicuña population numbers;
(D) A documented increase in poaching of vicuña;
(E) A documented decline in vicuña habitat quality or quantity; or
(F) Other natural or man-made factors affecting the species' recovery.
(n)–(o) [Reserved]
(p) Northern sea otter ( Enhydra lutris kenyoni ).
(1) To what population of sea otter does this special rule apply? The
regulations in paragraph (p) of this section apply to the southwest Alaska
distinct population segment (DPS) of the northern sea otter as set forth
at §17.11(h) of this part.
(2) What provisions apply to this DPS? Except as noted in paragraph (p)(3)
of this section, all prohibitions and provisions of §§17.31 and 17.32 of
this part apply to the southwest Alaska DPS of the northern sea otter.
(3) What additional activities are allowed for this DPS? In addition to
the activities authorized under paragraph (p)(2) of this section, you may
conduct any activity authorized or exempted under the Marine Mammal
Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq. ) with a part or product of a
southwest Alaska DPS northern sea otter, provided that:
(i) The product qualifies as an authentic native article of handicrafts or
clothing as defined in §17.3 of this part; and
(A) It was created by an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who is an Alaskan
Native, and
(B) It is not being exported or imported for commercial purposes; or
(ii) The part or product is owned by an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo who is an
Alaskan Native and resides in Alaska, or by a Native inhabitant of Russia,
Canada, or Greenland, and is part of a cultural exchange; or
(iii) The product is owned by a Native inhabitant of Russia, Canada, or
Greenland, and is in conjunction with travel for noncommercial purposes;
or
(iv) The part or product has been received or acquired by a person
registered as an agent or tannery under §18.23 of this subchapter.
(4) What other wildlife regulations may apply? All applicable provisions
of 50 CFR parts 14, 18, and 23 must be met.

[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975]
Editorial Note:
ForFederal Registercitations affecting §17.40, see the
List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section
of the printed volume and on GPO Access.
§ 17.41
Special rules—birds.
top
(a) Bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) wherever listed as threatened
under §17.11(h).
(1) Applicable provisions. All prohibitions and measures of §§17.31 and
17.32 shall apply to any threatened bald eagle, except that any permit
issued under §21.22 or part 22 of this chapter shall be deemed to satisfy
all requirements of §§17.31 and 17.32 for that authorized activity, and a
second permit shall not be required under §17.32. A permit is required
under §17.32 for any activity not covered by any permit issued under
§21.22 or part 22 of this chapter.
(2) [Reserved]
(b) Coastal California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ).
(1) Except as noted in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section, all
prohibitions of §17.31(a) and (b) shall apply to the coastal California
gnatcatcher.
(2) Incidental take of the coastal California gnatcatcher will not be
considered a violation of section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended (Act), if it results from activities conducted pursuant to the
State of California's Natural Community Conservation Planning Act of 1991
(NCCP), and in accordance with a NCCP plan for the protection of coastal
sage scrub habitat, prepared consistent with the State's NCCP Conservation
and Process Guidelines, provided that:
(i) The NCCP plan has been prepared, approved, and implemented pursuant to
California Fish and Game Code sections 2800–2840; and
(ii) The Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has issued written
concurrence that the NCCP plan meets the standards set forth in 50 CFR
17.32(b)(2). The Service shall issue its concurrence pursuant to the
provisions of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), dated December 4,
1991, between the California Department of Fish and Game and the Service
regarding coastal sage scrub natural community conservation planning in
southern California. (Copies of the State's NCCP Conservation and Process
Guidelines and the MOU are available from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Carlsbad Field Office, 2730 Loker Avenue West, Carlsbad, CA
92008.) The Service shall monitor the implementation of the NCCP plan and
may revoke its concurrence under this paragraph (b)(2)(ii) if the NCCP
plan, as implemented, fails to adhere to the standards set forth in 50 CFR
17.32(b)(2).
(3) During the period that a NCCP plan referred to in paragraph (b)(2) of
this section is being prepared, incidental take of the coastal California
gnatcatcher will not be a violation of section 9 of the Act if such take
occurs within an area under the jurisdiction of a local government agency
that is enrolled and actively engaged in the preparation of such a plan
and such take results from activities conducted in accordance with the
NCCP Conservation Guidelines and Process Guidelines.
(4) The Service will monitor the implementation of the NCCP Conservation
and Process Guidelines as a whole, and will conduct a review every 6
months to determine whether the guidelines, as implemented, are effective
in progressing toward or meeting regional and subregional conservation
objectives during the interim planning period. If the Service determines
that the guidelines are not effecting adequate progress toward or meeting
regional and subregional conservation objectives, the Service will consult
with the California Department of Fish and Game pursuant to the MOU to

seek appropriate modification of the guidelines or their application as
defined therein. If appropriate modification of the guidelines or their
application as defined therein does not occur, the Service may revoke the
interim take provisions of this special rule on a subregional or subarea
basis. The Service will publish the findings for revocation in theFederal
Registerand provide for a 30-day public comment period prior to the
effective date for revoking the provisions of the special rule in a
particular area. Revocation would result in the reinstatement of the take
prohibitions set forth under 50 CFR 17.31(a) and (b) in the affected NCCP
area.
[43 FR 6233, Feb. 14, 1978, as amended at 58 FR 65095, Dec. 10, 1993; 60
FR 36010, July 12, 1995]
§ 17.42
Special rules—reptiles.
top
(a) American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis )—(1) Definitions. For
purpose of this paragraph (a): “American alligator” shall mean any member
of the species Alligator mississippiensis, whether alive or dead, and any
part, product, egg, or offspring thereof found in captivity or the wild.
(2) Taking. No person may take any American alligator, except:
(i) Any employee or agent of the Service, any other Federal land
management agency, or a State conservation agency, who is designated by
the agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of official
duties, take an American alligator.
(ii) Any person may take an American alligator in the wild, or one which
was born in captivity or lawfully placed in captivity, and may deliver,
receive, carry, transport, ship, sell, offer to sell, purchase, or offer
to purchase such alligator in interstate or foreign commerce, by any means
whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity in accordance with
the laws and regulations of the State of taking subject to the following
conditions:
(A) Any hide of such alligator may be sold or otherwise transferred only
in compliance with paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(C) of this section;
(B) Any hide, meat or other part may be sold or otherwise transferred only
in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State in which the
taking occurs and the State in which the sale or transfer occurs;
(C) The State of taking requires hides to be tagged by State officials, or
under State supervision, with a Service approved tag, a sample of which
must be on file in the Federal Wildlife Permit Office (FWPO), that:
( 1 ) Is made of permanent material,
( 2 ) Shows State of origin, year of take, species, and is serially
unique, and
( 3 ) Cannot be opened and reused once attached to the hide.
(iii) Import/Export. Any person may import or export hides, manufactured
products, meat or other parts in accordance with part 23 of this chapter.
(iv) Recordkeeping
(A) Any person not holding an import/export license issued by the Service
under §14.91 and who imports, exports, or obtains permits under part 23
for the import or export of American alligator shall keep such records as
are otherwise required to be maintained by all import/export licensees
under §14.93(d). Such records shall be maintained as in the normal course
of business, reproducible in the English language, and retained available
for Service inspection for 5 years from the date of each transaction.
(B) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized Service
officers at all reasonable time shall, upon notice, be afforded access to
examine such records required to be kept under paragraph (a)(2)(iv)(A)(1)
of this section, and an opportunity to copy such records.
(b) Green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas ), loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta

caretta ), olive ridley sea turtle ( Lepidochelys olivacea ) (these do not
include the populations listed as endangered in §17.11).
(1) Prohibitions. Subject to the permits allowable under the following
paragraph (b)(2) of this section, all of the provisions set forth in
§17.31 (which incorporate portions of §17.21) shall apply to this wildlife
with the following exceptions:
(i) Section 17.21(c)(2) (self-defense) is not applicable.
(ii) In §17.21(c)(3)(i), the word “orphaned” is replaced by the word
“stranded.”
(iii) Delete §17.21(c)(3)(iv) (Wildlife threatening human safety).
(iv) [Reserved]
(v) The prohibition against taking shall not apply to incidental catches,
as specified in 50 CFR 227.72(e).
(vi) The prohibition against taking within the United States or the
territorial sea of the United States shall not apply to subsistence
taking, as specified in 50 CFR 227.72(f).
(2) Permits. (i) For those activities which come under the jurisdiction of
the Service, only permits for scientific purposes, enhancement of
propagation or survival, zoological exhibition or educational purposes,
are available under §17.32. Procedures for issuance of permits are found
in §17.32 and, for those activities which come under the jurisdiction of
the National Marine Fisheries Service, subpart E of part 220. All the
provisions of §17.32 apply to permits issued by the Service.
(c) Threatened crocodilians. This paragraph applies to the following
species: Saltwater crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus ) originating in
Australia (also referred to as Australian saltwater crocodile) and Nile
crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus ) populations listed in Appendix II of
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora (CITES or Convention).
(1) Definitions of terms for purposes of this paragraph (c) —(i)
Crocodilian skins means whole or partial skins, flanks, and bellies
(whether salted, crusted, tanned, partially tanned, or otherwise
processed).
(ii) Crocodilian parts means meat and body parts with or without skin
attached (including tails, throats, feet, and backstrips and other parts),
except skulls.
(iii) Country of re-export means those intermediary countries that import
and re-export crocodilian skins, parts, and/or products, except that those
countries through which crocodilian skins, parts, and/or products are
transhipped while remaining under Customs control will not be considered
to be a country of re-export.
(iv) Tagging resolution shall mean the CITES resolution entitled
“Universal Tagging System for the Identification of Crocodilian Skins” and
numbered Conf. 9.22 and any subsequent revisions.
(2) Prohibitions. All provisions of §17.31 (a) and (b) and §17.32 apply to
Nile crocodile populations listed in Appendix I of CITES. The following
prohibitions apply to saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus )
originating in Australia and to all Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus
) populations in Appendix II of CITES:
(i) Import, export, and re-export. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3)
of this section, it is unlawful to import, export, re-export, or present
for export or re-export any Nile crocodile ( Crocodylus niloticus ) or
Australian saltwater crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus ) or their skins,
other parts or products, without valid permits required under 50 CFR parts
17 and 23.
(ii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraph (c)(3) of this
section, it is unlawful, in the course of a commercial activity, to sell

or offer for sale, deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in
interstate or foreign commerce any Nile or saltwater crocodile,
crocodilian skins, or other parts or products.
(iii) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or cause to
be committed any acts described in paragraphs (c)(2)(i)–(iii) of this
section.
(3) Exceptions. The import, export, or re-export of, or interstate or
foreign commerce in live crocodiles, crocodilian skins, meat, skulls, and
other parts or products may be allowed without a threatened species permit
issued pursuant to 50 CFR 17.32 when the provisions in 50 CFR parts 13,
14, and 23, and the applicable paragraphs set out below have been met.
(i) Import, export, or re-export of crocodilian skins and parts. The
import, export, or re-export into/from the United States of crocodilian
skins and parts of Nile crocodiles listed in Appendix II of the
Convention, and of saltwater crocodiles originating in Australia must meet
the following conditions:
(A) All crocodilian parts must be in a transparent, sealed container, and
each container imported into or presented for export or re-export from the
United States after July 24, 1997,
( 1 ) Must have a parts tag attached in such a way that opening of the
container will preclude reuse of an undamaged tag,
( 2 ) This parts tag must contain a description of the contents and total
weight of the container, and
( 3 ) This parts tag must reference the number of the CITES permit issued
to allow the export or re-export of the container;
(B) Each crocodilian skin and each belly skin piece wider than 35 cm.
imported into or presented for export or re-export from the United States
after July 24, 1996, must bear: either an intact, uncut tag from the
country of origin meeting all the requirements of the CITES tagging
resolution, or an intact, uncut tag from the country of re-export where
the original tags have been lost or removed from raw, tanned, and/or
finished skins. The replacement tags must meet all the requirements of the
CITES tagging resolution, except showing the country of re-export in place
of the country of origin, provided those re-exporting countries have
implemented an administrative system for the effective matching of imports
and re-exports consistent with the tagging resolution. Clearance of any
shipment with more than 25 percent replacement tags requires prior
consultation with the U.S. Office of Management Authority by the
re-exporting country to determine whether the requirements of the tagging
resolution have been observed;
(C) The same information that is on the tags must be given on the export
permit for all skins or re-export certificate for whole skins and belly
skin pieces wider than 35 cm or on a separate sheet, which will be
considered an integral part of the document, carry the same permit or
certificate number, and be validated by the government authority
designated by the CITES-document issuing authority;
(D) The Convention permit or certificate must contain the following
information:
( 1 ) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
( 2 ) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number, and
date of issuance; and
( 3 ) If applicable, the country of last re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance;
(E) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the tagging resolution for this exception to

apply. If the Service receives substantial evidence from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the tagging resolution is not
being effectively implemented by a specific country, the Service will
prohibit or restrict imports from such country(s) as appropriate for the
conservation of the species.
(F) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this exception,
the country of origin and each country of re-export involved in the trade
of a particular shipment is not subject to a Schedule III Notice of
Information pertaining to all wildlife or any members of the Order
Crocodylia that may prohibit or restrict imports. A listing of all
countries that are subject to such a Schedule III Notice of Information
will be available by writing: The Office of Management Authority, ARLSQ
Room 430, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Arlington, Virginia, 22203.
(ii) Import, export or re-export of crocodilian products. Import, export,
or re-export into or from the United States of crocodilian products of
Nile crocodiles listed in Appendix II of the Convention, and saltwater
crocodiles originating in Australia will be allowed without permits
required by 50 CFR part 17 provided the following conditions are met:
(A) The Convention permit or certificate must contain the following
information:
( 1 ) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
( 2 ) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number, and
date of issuance; and
( 3 ) If applicable, the country of previous re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance;
(B) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the tagging resolution for this exception to
apply. If the Service receives substantial evidence from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the tagging resolution is not
being effectively implemented by a specific country, the Service will
prohibit or restrict imports from such countries as appropriate for the
conservation of the species.
(C) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this exception,
the country of origin and each country of re-export involved in the trade
of a particular shipment is not subject to a Schedule III Notice of
Information pertaining to all wildlife or any member of the Order
Crocodylia that may prohibit or restrict imports. A listing of all
countries that are subject to such a Schedule III Notice of Information
will be available by writing: The Office of Management Authority, ARLSQ
Room 430, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Arlington, Virginia, 22203.
(iii) Shipments of eggs, skulls, meat, scientific specimens and live
specimens. The import/re-export into/from the United States of eggs,
skulls, meat, scientific specimens and live specimens of Nile crocodile
populations listed in Appendix II of CITES or Australian saltwater
crocodile will be allowed without permits otherwise required by 50 CFR
part 17, provided the requirements of part 23 are met.
(iv) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions of paragraphs
(c)(3)(i) and (ii) for skins tagged in accordance with the tagging
resolution, skulls, meat, other parts, and products made of specimens of
Nile crocodile populations on CITES Appendix II or of Australian saltwater
crocodile do not apply to noncommercial accompanying personal baggage or
household effects.
(v) Personal sport-hunted trophies. The import of personal sport-hunted
trophies, including skulls, of Nile crocodile or saltwater crocodile from

Appendix II populations will be allowed from country of origin and
intermediary countries into the United States without permits required by
50 CFR part 17, provided that unmounted skins bear an intact, uncut tag
from the country of origin or such a tag accompanies mounted specimens in
accordance with the tagging resolution.
(4) Notice of Information. Except in rare cases involving extenuating
circumstances that do not adversely affect the conservation of the
species, the Service will issue a Schedule III Notice of Information
banning or restricting trade in specimens of crocodilians addressed in
this paragraph (c) if any of the following criteria are met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the CITES
Secretariat as lacking designated Management and Scientific Authorities
that issue CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the Parties to the
Convention, the Convention's Standing Committee, or in a Notification
issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby Parties are asked to not accept
shipments of specimens of CITES-listed Species from the country in
question.
(iii) The Service determines, based on information from the CITES
Secretariat or other reliable sources that the country is not effectively
implementing the tagging resolution.
(d) Blue-tailed mole skink ( Eumeces egregius lividus ) and sand skink (
Neoseps reynoldsi ). (1) No person shall take these species, except in
accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement
or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation
purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to taking of these species is also a violation
of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatever, any such species taken in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws or
regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraph (c) (1)
through (3) of this section.
(5) Taking of these species for purposes other than those described in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section, including taking incidental to carrying
out otherwise lawful activities, is prohibited except when permitted under
§§17.23 and 17.32.
(e) Desert tortoise ( Gopherus agassizii )—(1) Definition. For the
purposes of this paragraph (e) “desert tortoise” shall mean any member of
the species Gopherus agassizii, whether alive or dead, and any part,
product, egg, or offspring thereof, found outside of Arizona (south and
east of the Colorado River) and Mexico, regardless of natal origin or
place of removal from the wild.
(2) Applicable provisions. The provisions of §17.31–17.32 shall apply to
any desert tortoise subject to this paragraph (e).
(f) Bog turtle ( Clemmys muhlenbergii ), southern population—(1)
Definitions of terms. For the purposes of this paragraph (f): Bog turtle
of the southern population means any member of the species Clemmys
muhlenbergii, within Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
and Virginia, regardless of whether in the wild or captivity, and also
applies to the progeny of any such turtle.
(2) Prohibitions. Except as provided in paragraph (f)(3) of this section,
the provisions of Sec. 17.31 (a) and (b) of this part applies to bog

turtles of the southern population (see also 50 CFR part 23).
(3) Take. Incidental take, that is, take that results from, but is not the
purpose of, carrying out an otherwise lawful activity, does not apply to
bog turtles of the southern population.
(g) Threatened caiman. This paragraph applies to the following species:
Yacare caiman ( Caiman yacare ), the common caiman ( Caiman crocodilus
crocodilus ), and the brown caiman ( Caiman crocodilus fuscus including
Caiman crocodilus chiapasius ). These taxa will be collectively referred
to as “caiman.”
(1) What are the definitions of terms used in this paragraph (g)? (i)
Caiman skins means whole or partial skins, flanks, chalecos, and bellies
(whether these are salted, crusted, tanned, partially tanned, or otherwise
processed).
(ii) Caiman parts means body parts with or without skin attached
(including tails, throats, feet, and other parts, but excluding meat and
skulls) and small cut skins pieces.
(iii) Caiman product means any processed or manufactured product items
(including curios and souvenirs) that are ready for retail sale, and
composed, totally or in part, of yacare caiman, brown caiman, or common
caiman.
(iv) Country of re-export means those intermediary countries that import
and re-export caiman skins, parts, and/or products. However, we will not
consider intermediary countries those through which caiman skins, parts,
and/or products are shipped while remaining under Customs control.
(v) Universal Tagging System Resolution means the CITES (Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
resolution entitled “Universal Tagging System for the Identification of
Crocodilian Skins” and numbered Conf. 9.22, and any subsequent revisions.
(2) What activities involving yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the common
caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman (Caiman
crocodilus fuscus) are prohibited by this rule? (i) Import, export, and
re-export. Except for the activities described in paragraph (g)(3) of this
section, it is unlawful to import, export, re-export, or present for
export or re-export without valid permits (as required under 50 CFR parts
17 and 23) any caiman or their skins, other parts or products.
(ii) Commercial activity. Except as described in paragraph (g)(3) of this
section, it is unlawful to sell or offer for sale, deliver, receive,
carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce any caiman or
their skins, other parts, or products.
(iii) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or cause to
be committed any acts described in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (ii) of this
section.
(3) What activities involving yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the common
caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and the brown caiman (Caiman
crocodilus fuscus) are allowed by this rule? The import/export/re-export
of, or the interstate/foreign commerce in caiman skins, other parts, or
products may be allowed without a threatened species permit (issued
according to 50 CFR 17.32) only when the provisions in 50 CFR parts 13,
14, and 23, and the requirements of the applicable paragraphs below have
been met.
(i) Import, export, or re-export. The import, export, or re-export
into/from the United States of caiman skins, parts, or products may be
allowed provided the following conditions are met:
(A) Each caiman skin imported into or exported or re-exported from the
United States after the effective date of the final rule must bear either:

( 1 ) An intact, uncut tag from the country of origin meeting all the
requirements of the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, or
( 2 ) An intact, uncut replacement tag from the country of re-export where
the original tags were lost or removed from raw, tanned, and/or processed
skins. These replacement tags must meet all the requirements of the CITES
Universal Tagging System Resolution, except showing the country of
re-export instead of the country of origin, provided those re-exporting
countries have implemented an administrative system for the effective
matching of imports and re-exports consistent with the CITES Universal
Tagging System Resolution. If a shipment contains more than 25 percent
replacement tags, the Management Authority of the re-exporting country
must consult with the U.S. Office of Management Authority before clearance
of the shipment. Such shipments may be seized if we determine that the
requirements of the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution have not
been met.
(B) In accordance with the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, all
caiman parts must be placed in a transparent, sealed container. Each
container imported, exported, or re-exported into/from the United States
after the effective date of the rule:
( 1 ) Must have a parts tag attached in such a way that opening of the
container will prevent later reuse of such tag; and
( 2 ) The parts tag must contain a description of the contents plus total
weight of the container and its contents.
(C) The information on the export permit or re-export certificate must be
the same as that on the skin and part tags, carry the same permit or
certificate number, and be validated by the government authority
designated as the CITES document-issuing authority.
(D) The CITES permit or certificate accompanying shipments of caiman
skins, parts, or products must contain the following information:
( 1 ) The country of origin, its export permit number, and date of
issuance;
( 2 ) If re-export, the country of re-export, its certificate number, and
date of issuance; and
( 3 ) If applicable, the country of previous re-export, its certificate
number, and date of issuance.
(E) The country of origin and any intermediary country(s) must be
effectively implementing the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution. If
we receive persuasive information from the CITES Secretariat or other
reliable sources that a specific country is not effectively implementing
the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution, we will prohibit or
restrict imports from such country(s) as appropriate for the conservation
of the species.
(F) At the time of import, for each shipment covered by this exception,
the country of origin and each country of re-export involved in the trade
of a particular shipment must not be subject to a Schedule III Notice of
Information (see paragraph (g)(4) of this section) prohibiting or
restricting imports of all wildlife or any members of the Order
Crocodylia. A listing of all countries subject to such a Schedule III
Notice of Information is available by writing to: Office of Management
Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mail Stop ARLSQ–700,
Washington, DC 20240, or via e-mail at [email protected].
(ii) Shipment of skulls, processed meat, and scientific specimens. The
import, export, and re-export into/from the United States of skulls,
processed meat, and scientific specimens of caiman is allowed without
permits otherwise required by 50 CFR part 17, provided the requirements of
part 23 are met.
(iii) Noncommercial accompanying baggage. The conditions described in

paragraphs (g)(3)(i) and (ii) for skins, skulls, meat, other parts, and
products made of specimens of caiman do not apply to non-commercial
personal effects in accompanying baggage or household effects.
(iv) Eggs and live specimens. This special rule does not apply to live
specimens or eggs of caiman. Import of such specimens requires an import
permit as described in 50 CFR 17.32.
(4) When and how will we inform you of additional restrictions in trade of
yacare caiman (Caiman yacare), the common caiman (Caiman crocodilus
crocodilus), and the brown caiman (Caiman crocodilus fuscus)? Except in
rare cases involving extenuating circumstances that do not adversely
affect the conservation of the species, the Service will issue a Notice of
Information announcing additional CITES restrictions in trade in specimens
of caiman dealt with in this paragraph (g) if any of the following
criteria are met:
(i) The country is listed in a Notification to the Parties by the CITES
Secretariat as not having designated Management and Scientific Authorities
that issue CITES documents or their equivalent.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the Conference of
the Parties to the Convention, the Convention's Standing Committee, or in
a Notification issued by the CITES Secretariat, whereby Parties are asked
not to accept shipments of specimens of any CITES-listed species from the
country in question or of any crocodilian species listed in the CITES
appendices.
(iii) We determine, based on information from the CITES Secretariat or
other reliable sources, that the country is not effectively implementing
the CITES Universal Tagging System Resolution.
(5) What are the approved information collection requirements in this
rule? The Office of Management and Budget approved the information
collection requirements contained in this special rule under the Paperwork
Reduction Act and assigned clearance number 1018–0093 as part of the
permit requirements contained in Part 23 of Title 50. We may not conduct
or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The
collection of information under this rule is done to provide information
necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to
review permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria
established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of
permits. You must respond to obtain or retain a permit. We estimate the
public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to vary from 20
minutes to 2 hours per response, with an average of 1 hour per response,
including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data,
and completing and reviewing the forms.
[42 FR 2076, Jan. 10, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 32809, July 28, 1978; 44
FR 59084, Oct. 12, 1979; 45 FR 17589, Mar. 19, 1980; 45 FR 78154, Nov. 25,
1980; 48 FR 46336, Oct. 12, 1983; 50 FR 25678, June 20, 1985; 50 FR 45409,
Oct. 31, 1985; 52 FR 21063, June 4, 1987; 52 FR 42662, Nov. 6, 1987; 55 FR
12191, Apr. 2, 1990; 61 FR 32366, June 24, 1996; 62 FR 59622, Nov. 4,
1997; 65 FR 25879, May 4, 2000]
§ 17.43
Special rules—amphibians.
top
(a) San Marcos salamander ( Eurycea nana ). (1) All provisions of §17.31
apply to this species, except that it may be taken in accordance with
applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(b) Chiricahua leopard frog ( Rana chiricahuensis ).
(1) What activities are prohibited? Except as noted in paragraph (b)(2) of

this section, all prohibitions of §17.31 will apply to the Chiricahua
leopard frog.
(2) What activities are allowed on private, State, or Tribal land?
Incidental take of the Chiricahua leopard frog will not be considered a
violation of section 9 of the Act, if the take results from livestock use
at or maintenance activities of livestock tanks located on private, State,
or Tribal lands. A livestock tank is defined as an existing or future
impoundment in an ephemeral drainage or upland site constructed primarily
as a watering site for livestock.
(c) California tiger salamander ( Ambystoma californiense ).
(1) Which populations of the California tiger salamander are covered by
this special rule? This rule covers the California tiger salamander (
Ambystoma californiense ) rangewide.
(2) What activities are prohibited? Except as noted in paragraph (c)(3) of
this section, all prohibitions of §17.31 will apply to the California
tiger salamander.
(3) What activities are allowed on private or Tribal land? Incidental take
of the California tiger salamander will not be a violation of section 9 of
the Act, if the incidental take results from routine ranching activities
located on private or Tribal lands. Routine ranching activities include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Livestock grazing according to normally acceptable and established
levels of intensity in terms of the number of head of livestock per acre
of rangeland;
(ii) Control of ground-burrowing rodents using poisonous grain according
to the labeled directions and local, State, and Federal regulations and
guidelines (The use of toxic or suffocating gases is not exempt from the
prohibitions due to their nontarget-specific mode of action.);
(iii) Control and management of burrow complexes using discing and grading
to destroy burrows and fill openings;
(iv) Routine management and maintenance of stock ponds and berms to
maintain livestock water supplies (This exemption does not include the
intentional introduction of species into a stock pond that may prey on
California tiger salamander adults, larvae, or eggs.);
(v) Routine maintenance or construction of fences for grazing management;
(vi) Planting, harvest, or rotation of unirrigated forage crops as part of
a rangeland livestock operation;
(vii) Maintenance and construction of livestock management facilities such
as corrals, sheds, and other ranch outbuildings;
(viii) Repair and maintenance of unimproved ranch roads (This exemption
does not include improvement, upgrade, or construction of new roads.);
(ix) Discing of fencelines or perimeter areas for fire prevention control;
(x) Placement of mineral supplements; and
(xi) Control and management of noxious weeds.
(d) California red-legged frog ( Rana aurora draytonii ). (1) Which
populations of the California red-legged frog are covered by this special
rule? This rule covers the California red-legged frog ( Rana aurora
draytonii ) rangewide.
(2) What activities are prohibited? Except as noted in paragraph (d)(3) of
this section, all prohibitions of §17.31 will apply to the California
red-legged frog.
(3) What activities are allowed on private or Tribal land? Incidental take
of the California red-legged frog will not be a violation of section 9 of
the Act, if the incidental take results from routine ranching activities
located on private or Tribal lands. Routine ranching activities include,
but are not limited to, the following:
(i) Livestock grazing according to normally acceptable and established

levels of intensity in terms of the number of head of livestock per acre
of rangeland;
(ii) Control of ground-burrowing rodents using poisonous grain according
to the labeled directions and local, State, and Federal regulations and
guidelines (In areas where California red-legged frogs and California
tiger salamanders coexist, the use of toxic or suffocating gases is not
exempt from the prohibitions due to their nontarget-specific mode of
action.);
(iii) Control and management of burrow complexes using discing and grading
to destroy burrows and fill openings (This exemption does not apply to
areas within 0.7 mi (1.2 km) of known or potential California red-legged
frog breeding ponds.);
(iv) Routine management and maintenance of stock ponds and berms to
maintain livestock water supplies (This exemption does not include the
intentional introduction of species into a stock pond (including
non-native fish and bullfrogs) that may prey on California red-legged frog
adults, larvae, or eggs.);
(v) Routine maintenance or construction of fences for grazing management;
(vi) Planting, harvest, or rotation of unirrigated forage crops as part of
a rangeland livestock operation;
(vii) Maintenance and construction of livestock management facilities such
as corrals, sheds, and other ranch outbuildings;
(viii) Repair and maintenance of unimproved ranch roads (This exemption
does not include improvement, upgrade, or construction of new roads.);
(ix) Discing of fencelines or perimeter areas for fire prevention control;
(x) Placement of mineral supplements; and
(xi) Control and management of noxious weeds.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975, as amended at 45 FR 47363, July 14, 1980; 67
FR 40811, June 13, 2002; 69 FR 47248, Aug. 4, 2004; 71 FR 19293, Apr. 13,
2006]
§ 17.44
Special rules—fishes.
top
(a) Lahontan cutthroat trout, Paiute cutthroat trout, and Arizona trout (
Salmo clarki henshawi, Salmo clarki seleniris, and Salmo apache ). (1) All
the provisions of §17.31 apply to these species, except that they may be
taken in accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(b) Bayou darter ( Etheostoma rubrum ). (1) All the provisions of §17.31
apply to this species, except that they may be taken in accordance with
applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(c) Slender chub ( Hybopsis cahni ), spotfin chub ( Erimonax monachus ),
slackwater darter ( Etheostoma boschungi ), and yellowfin madtom ( Noturus
flavipinnis ). (1) All the provisions of §17.31 apply to these species,
except that they may be taken in accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(d) Leopard darter ( Percina pantherina ). (1) All provisions of §17.31
apply to this species, except that it may be taken in accordance with
applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(e) Little Kern golden trout ( Salmo aguabonita whitei ). (1) All
provisions of §17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in
accordance with applicable State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(f) Greenback cutthroat trout ( Salmo clarki stomias ). (1) All provisions
of §17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in accordance
with applicable State law.

(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Act.
(g) Chihuahua chub, Gila nigrescens. (1) All provisions of §17.31 apply to
this species, except that it may be taken in accordance with applicable
State law.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Endangered
Species Act.
(h) Yaqui catfish ( Ictalurus pricei ) and beautiful shiner ( Notropis
formosus ). (1) All provisions of §17.31 apply to these species, except
that they may be taken for educational, scientific, or conservation
purposes in accordance with applicable Arizona State laws and regulations.
(2) Any violation of State law will also be a violation of the Endangered
Species Act.
(i) Big Spring spinedace, Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis. (1) All the
provisions of §17.31 apply to this species, except that it may be taken in
accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations in the following instances: educational purposes, scientific
purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival of the species,
zoological exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent with the
Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to this species will also be a violation of
the Endangered Species Act.
(j) Hutton tui chub ( Gila bicolor subspecies) and Foskett speckled dace (
Rhinichthys osculus subspecies). (1) No person shall take these species,
except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws and regulations in the following instances: for educational purposes,
scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival of the
species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation purposes consistent
with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of these species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (j)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(k) Niangua Darter, Etheostoma nianguae. (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: educational
purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival
of the species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation purposes
consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (k)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(l) Warner sucker ( Catostomus warnerensis ). (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife

conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act;
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (l)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(m) Desert Dace ( Eremichthys acros ). (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: For
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation
or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation
purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws or
regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (m)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(n) Railroad Valley springfish ( Crenichthys nevadae ). (1) No person
shall take the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
for educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (n)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(o) Sonora chub, Gila ditaenia. (1) No person shall take the species,
except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation
laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its

habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (o)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(p) Spikedace, Meda fulgida. (1) No person shall take the species, except
in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to taking of this species is also a violation
of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (p)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(q) Loach minnow, Rhinicthys (=Tiaroga ) cobitis (1) No person shall take
the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: (i) For
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation
or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation
purposes consistent with the Act or, (ii) incidental to State permitted
recreational fishing activities, provided that the individual fish taken
is immediately returned to its habitat.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (q)
(1) through (3) of this paragraph.
(r) Pecos bluntnose shiner, Notropis simus pecosensis (1) No person shall
take the species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances:
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or,
(ii) Incidental to State permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that the individual fish taken is immediately returned to its
habitat.

(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (r)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(s) Waccamaw Silverside ( Menidia extensa ). (1) No person shall take the
species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species will also be a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (s)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(t) Little Colorado spinedace ( Lepidomeda vittata ). (1) No person shall
take this species, except in accordance with applicable State Fish and
Wildlife conservation laws and regulations in the following instances: for
educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation
or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other conservation
purposes consistent with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in
violation of these regulations or in violation of applicable State fish
and wildlife conservation laws or regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (t)
(1) through (3) of this section.
(u) Pygmy sculpin ( Cottus pygmaeus ). The City of Anniston Water Works
and Sewer Board will continue to use Coldwater Spring as a municipal water
supply. Pumpage may remove all spring flow in excess of 3 cubic feet per
second (1,938,000 gallons per day).
(v) Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi ). (1) No person shall
take this species, except in accordance with applicable State fish and
wildlife conservation laws and regulations for educational purposes,
scientific purposes, the enhancement of propagation or survival of the
species, zoological exhibition, or other conservation purposes consistent
with the Act.
(2) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to taking of this species is also a violation
of the Endangered Species Act.
(3) No person shall possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship,
import, or export, by any means whatever, any of this species taken in
violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws or
regulations.
(4) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to

commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (v)(1)
through (3) of this section.
(5) Taking of this species for purposes other than those described in
paragraph (v)(1) of this section, including taking incidental to otherwise
lawful activities, is prohibited except when permitted under 50 CFR 17.32.
(w) What species are covered by this special rule? Bull trout ( Salvelinus
confluentus ), wherever found in the coterminous lower 48 States, except
in the Jarbidge River Basin in Nevada and Idaho (see 50 CFR 17.44(x)).
(1) What activities do we prohibit? Except as noted in paragraph (w)(2) of
this section, all prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 and exemptions of 50 CFR
17.32 shall apply to the bull trout in the coterminous United States as
defined in paragraph (w) of this section.
(i) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship, import,
or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in violation of
this section or in violation of applicable State, National Park Service,
and Native American Tribal fish and conservation laws and regulations.
(ii) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another
to commit, or cause to be committed, any offense listed in this special
rule.
(2) What activities do we allow? In the following instances you may take
this species in accordance with applicable State, National Park Service,
and Native American Tribal fish and wildlife conservation laws and
regulations, as constituted in all respects relevant to protection of bull
trout in effect on November 1, 1999:
(i) Educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act; or
(ii) Fishing activities authorized under State, National Park Service, or
Native American Tribal laws and regulations;
(3) How does this rule relate to State protective regulations? Any
violation of applicable State, National Park Service, or Native American
Tribal fish and wildlife conservation laws or regulations with respect to
the taking of this species is also a violation of the Endangered Species
Act.
(x) Bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ), Jarbidge River population
segment.
(1) Prohibitions. Except as noted in paragraph (x)(2) of this section, all
prohibitions of 50 CFR 17.31 and exemptions of 50 CFR 17.32 apply to the
bull trout in the Jarbidge River population segment within the United
States.
(2) Exceptions. No person may take this species, except in the following
instances in accordance with applicable State fish and wildlife
conservation laws and regulations relevant to protection of bull trout in
effect on April 8, 1999.
(i) For educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Act;
(ii) Incidental to State-permitted recreational fishing activities,
provided that any bull trout caught are immediately returned to the
stream.
(iii) The exceptions in paragraphs (x)(2) (i) and (ii) of this section
will be in effect until April 9, 2001. At that time, all take prohibitions
of the Act will be reinstated for the Jarbidge River population segment
unless exceptions to take prohibitions are otherwise provided through a
subsequent special rule.
(3) Any violation of applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a

violation of the Endangered Species Act.
(4) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship, import,
or export, any means whatsoever, any such species taken in violation of
this section or in violation of applicable State fish and conservation
laws and regulations.
(5) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another to
commit, or cause to be committed, any offense defined in paragraphs (x)(2)
through (4) of this section.
(y) Beluga sturgeon . This paragraph applies to the threatened beluga
sturgeon ( Huso huso ).
(1) How are various terms defined in this special rule? In addition to the
definitions specified in §10.12 of subchapter B of this chapter, we define
certain terms that specifically apply to beluga sturgeon trade and this
special rule as follows:
Aquacultured beluga sturgeon products. Eggs, larvae, fingerlings, or other
products derived from Huso huso captive-bred or grown in captivity for
commercial purposes starting at least at the F1 generation in captivity (
i.e. , captive-bred for at least one generation).
Beluga caviar. Processed unfertilized eggs from female Huso huso intended
for human consumption, including products containing such eggs (e.g.,
cosmetics).
Beluga meat. Excised muscle tissue of Huso huso destined for human
consumption.
Black Sea. The contiguous waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
CITES. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora.
Export. The transport of a beluga sturgeon specimen out of its country of
origin.
Hatchery-origin beluga sturgeon. Specimens of Huso huso captive-bred
solely in the littoral states, primarily for reintroduction and stock
enhancement purposes. Such specimens can occur in the natural marine
environment of the littoral states.
Live or living beluga sturgeon. Any living specimen of Huso huso ,
including viable unfertilized or fertilized eggs, larvae, fingerlings,
juveniles, and adults.
Littoral states. Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Islamic Republic of Iran,
Kazakhstan, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, and Ukraine.
Re-export. Export of beluga sturgeon specimens that were previously
imported.
Wild beluga sturgeon. Specimens of Huso huso born and reared in the
natural marine environment within the current or former geographic range
of the species.
(2) What activities involving beluga sturgeon are affected by this rule?
(i) International trade in beluga sturgeon. Except as provided in
paragraphs (y)(3) and (y)(5) of this section, all prohibitions and
provisions of §§17.31(a) and 17.32 apply to the international trade in
beluga sturgeon, including its parts and derivatives. Live beluga sturgeon
remain subject to all the prohibitions and provisions of §§17.31(a) and
17.32.
(ii) Trade without CITES documents. Except as provided in paragraph (y)(3)
of this section, you may not import, export, or re-export, or present for
export or re-export, beluga sturgeon or beluga sturgeon products without
valid CITES permits and other permits and licenses issued under parts 13,
17, and 23 of this chapter.
(iii) Commercial activity. Except as provided in paragraphs (y)(3) and (5)
of this section and §17.32, you may not sell or offer for sale, deliver,

receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce in
the course of a commercial activity any beluga sturgeon or beluga sturgeon
products.
(iv) It is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States to commit, attempt to commit, solicit to commit, or cause to
be committed any acts described in paragraphs (y)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this
section.
(3) What activities are exempted from threatened species permits by this
rule? (i) Import, export or re-export, and interstate and foreign commerce
involving certain caviar and meat obtained from beluga sturgeon. You may
import, export or re-export, or conduct interstate or foreign commerce in
beluga sturgeon caviar and meat without a threatened species permit issued
according to §17.32 only if the caviar and meat are derived from wild or
hatchery-origin beluga sturgeon that were caught and processed in the
littoral states, or the caviar and meat are exempt from permits because
they originate from qualifying aquaculture facilities outside of littoral
states ( see paragraph (y)(5) of this section). Also, the provisions in
parts 13, 14, and 23 of this chapter and the following requirements must
be met:
(A) Except for caviar contained in cosmetics, any beluga caviar must
comply with all CITES labeling requirements, as defined in relevant
Resolutions or Decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including
beluga caviar in interstate commerce in the United States. All individuals
or businesses in the United States wishing to engage in domestic
interstate commerce of beluga sturgeon caviar must follow the CITES
caviar-labeling requirements.
(B) The shipment must be accompanied by a valid CITES permit or
certificate upon import, export, or re-export.
(C) For each shipment covered by this exemption, the country of origin and
each country of re-export, and the country of import involved in the trade
of a particular shipment, must have designated both a CITES Management
Authority and Scientific Authority, and have not been identified by the
CITES Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing Committee, or in a
Notification from the CITES Secretariat as a country from which Parties
should not accept permits for beluga sturgeon or all CITES-listed species
in general.
(D) The littoral state from which the beluga sturgeon caviar or meat
originated has complied with all of the requirements shown in paragraph
(y)(4) of this section, and none of the exporting, importing, or
re-exporting countries involved in the commercial activity has been
subject to an administrative trade restriction or suspension as outlined
in paragraphs (y)(6) and (7) of this section.
(E) Any relevant aquaculture facility located outside of a littoral state
has complied with all of the requirements shown in paragraph (y)(5) of
this section.
(ii) Import and re-export of non-commercial personal or household effects.
You may import, export or re-export, or conduct interstate or foreign
commerce in beluga sturgeon personal or household effects without a
threatened species permit issued according to §17.32. Also, for CITES
permits, Article VII.3. of CITES recognizes a limited exemption for the
international movement of personal and household effects, including
specimens of beluga sturgeon.
(A) Stricter national measures. The exemption for personal and household
effects does not apply if a country prohibits or restricts the import,
export, or re-export of the item.
( 1 ) You or your shipment must be accompanied by any document required by
a country under its stricter national measures.

( 2 ) In the United States, you must obtain any permission needed under
other regulations in this subchapter.
(B) Required CITES documents. You must obtain a CITES document for
personal or household effects and meet the requirements of this part if
one of the following applies:
( 1 ) The Management Authority of the importing, exporting, or
re-exporting country requires a CITES document.
( 2 ) You or your shipment does not meet all of the conditions for an
exemption as provided in paragraphs (y)(3)(ii)(C) and (D) of this section.
( 3 ) The personal or household effect exceeds 250 grams of beluga caviar.
To import, export, or re-export more than 250 grams, you must have a valid
CITES document for the entire quantity.
(C) Personal effects. You do not need a CITES document to import, export,
or re-export any part, product, derivative, or manufactured article of a
legally acquired beluga sturgeon specimen to or from the United States if
all of the following conditions are met:
( 1 ) No living beluga sturgeon is included.
( 2 ) You personally own and possess the item for non-commercial purposes,
including any item intended as a personal gift.
( 3 ) The item and quantity of items are reasonably necessary or
appropriate for the nature of your trip or stay.
( 4 ) You are either wearing the item as clothing or an accessory or
taking it as part of your personal baggage, which is being carried by you
or checked as baggage on the same plane, boat, car, or train as you.
( 5 ) The item was not mailed or shipped separately.
(D) Household effects. You do not need a CITES document to import, export,
or re-export any part, product, derivative, or manufactured article of a
legally acquired beluga sturgeon specimen that is part of a shipment of
your household effects when moving your residence to or from the United
States, if all of the following conditions are met:
( 1 ) No living beluga sturgeon is included.
( 2 ) You personally own the item and are moving it for non-commercial
purposes.
( 3 ) The item and quantity of items are reasonably necessary or
appropriate for household use.
( 4 ) You import, export, or re-export your household effects within 1
year of changing your residence from one country to another.
( 5 ) The shipment, or shipments if you cannot move all of your household
effects at one time, contains only items purchased, inherited, or
otherwise acquired before you moved your residence.
(E) Trade restrictions. Regardless of the provisions above for personal
and household effects, any trade suspension or trade restriction
administratively imposed by the Service under paragraphs (y)(6) or (7) of
this section could also apply to personal and household effects of beluga
caviar.
(4) What must beluga sturgeon littoral states do to be authorized under
the special rule to export to the United States? The following
requirements apply to the littoral states wishing to export beluga caviar
or beluga meat to the United States without the need for a threatened
species permit issued under §17.32. These requirements apply to all
shipments of beluga caviar and beluga meat that originate in the littoral
states, even if the shipments are re-exported to the United States via an
intermediary country. ( See paragraph (y)(7) of this section for more
information on the Service's biennial reviews under the special rule.)
(i) Basin-wide beluga sturgeon management plans. By September 6, 2005,
each littoral state wishing to export beluga caviar or beluga meat to the
United States without the need for a threatened species permit issued

under §17.32 must submit to the Service's Division of Scientific Authority
a copy of a cooperative management plan for its respective basin ( i.e. ,
Black Sea or Caspian Sea) that addresses Huso huso conservation. Each of
these two basin-wide management plans must be agreed to by all of the
littoral states (not just exporting nations) in the Black Sea or the
Caspian Sea, as appropriate. Upon receipt, the Division of Scientific
Authority will review these basin-wide management plans within 90 days for
completeness and clarity. If any elements of the management plans are
missing or unclear, we will ask the appropriate littoral states to provide
additional information within 60 days of the date we contact them. If the
littoral states fail to respond or fail to submit basin-wide management
plans by the specified deadline, or if we are unable to confirm that all
littoral states are signatories to those plans, we will immediately
suspend trade with all littoral states in the given basin (Caspian Sea or
Black Sea) until we are satisfied that such management plans exist.
Submission of documents in English may help expedite the Service's review.
These cooperative management plans must contain the following elements:
(A) A clear statement of the recovery and management objectives of the
plan, including a specification of the stock(s) concerned, a definition of
what constitutes over-fishing for that stock, and a rebuilding objective
and schedule for that stock;
(B) A statement of standard regulations and habitat improvement strategies
(e.g., size limits, target harvest rates, quotas, seasons, fishing gear,
effort caps, fish passage improvement, water quality controls) to be
utilized by the nations involved;
(C) A complete statement of the specific regulatory, monitoring, and
research requirements that each cooperating nation must implement to be in
compliance with the management plan;
(D) A complete description of how stock survey data and fisheries data are
used to establish annual catch and export quotas, including a full
explanation of any models used and the assumptions underlying those
models;
(E) Procedures under which the nations may implement and enforce
alternative management measures that achieve the same conservation
benefits for beluga sturgeon as the standards mentioned in paragraph
(y)(4)(i)(B) of this section; and
(F) A complete schedule by which nations must take particular actions to
be in compliance with the plan.
(ii) National regulations. By September 6, 2005, each littoral state
wishing to export beluga caviar or beluga meat to the United States under
this special rule must provide the Service's Division of Scientific
Authority with copies of national legislation and regulations that
implement the basin-wide cooperative management plan described in
paragraph (y)(4)(i) of this section, including regulations pertaining to
the harvest, trade, aquaculture, restocking, and processing of beluga
sturgeon. Upon receipt, the Division of Scientific Authority will review
these national laws and regulations within 90 days for completeness and
clarity. If any elements of the national legislation or national fishery
regulations are missing or unclear, we will ask the appropriate littoral
states to provide additional information within 60 days of the date we
contact them. If the littoral states fail to respond or fail to submit
copies of national laws and regulations by the specified deadline, we will
immediately suspend trade with the given littoral states until we are
satisfied that such laws and regulations are in effect. Submission of
documents in English may help expedite the Service's review.
(iii) Caviar labeling. All caviar shipments imported into the United
States must follow the CITES caviar-labeling requirements as agreed to in

the relevant Resolutions and Decisions of the CITES Parties. Current
labeling requirements can be obtained by contacting the Division of
Management Authority, Branch of Permits—International, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 4401 North Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA 22203.
(iv) CITES compliance. Except as provided in paragraph (y)(3)(ii) of this
section, all shipments of beluga sturgeon specimens, including those
exempted from threatened species permits under this special rule, will
require accompanying valid CITES permits and certificates upon import,
export, or re-export.
(v) Initial reporting period. Until September 6, 2005, no threatened
species permits will be required for the import, export, re-export, or
interstate or foreign commerce of beluga sturgeon caviar and meat that
originated in the littoral states, in order to provide the littoral states
time to submit the required documentation. After this 6-month period, the
exemption from threatened species permits will continue only while the
Service reviews littoral state compliance with paragraphs (y)(4)(i)
through (iv) of this section. If this review demonstrates that the
provisions of this special rule are not met, the Service will announce and
institute trade restrictions or suspensions in beluga sturgeon caviar or
meat with one or more littoral states as per paragraph (y)(7) of this
section.
(vi) Biennial reports. Littoral state governments wishing to export
specimens of beluga sturgeon caviar or meat to the United States under
this special rule must provide to the Service's Division of Scientific
Authority reports containing the most recent information available on the
status of the species, following the information guidelines specified
below. The Service must receive the first report no later than December 1,
2005, and every 2 years thereafter on the anniversary of that date.
Starting in December 2005, and thereafter on a biennial basis, the Service
will review the national reports within 90 days of receiving them and any
other pertinent information on wild beluga sturgeon conservation. If any
elements of the biennial reports are missing or unclear, the Service will
ask the appropriate littoral states to provide additional information
within 60 days of the date we contact them. If the littoral states fail to
respond or fail to submit biennial reports by the specified deadline, we
will immediately suspend trade with the given littoral states ( see
paragraph (y)(7) of this section for details on how such a suspension
would be instituted and announced). Submission of documents in English may
help expedite the Service's review. We propose to use these reviews to
determine whether littoral state management programs are leading to
recovery of wild beluga sturgeon stocks. For each littoral state, the
following information must be provided in the biennial reports:
(A) A description of the specific fishery regulations that affect the
harvest of Huso huso in the respective littoral state, with any changes
from the previous report highlighted;
(B) A description of any revisions to the cooperative management program
mentioned in paragraph (y)(4)(i) of this section, including any new
models, assumptions, or equations used to set harvest and export quotas;
(C) New information obtained in the last 2 years on beluga sturgeon
distribution, stock size, models used for quota-setting, spawning
activity, habitat use, hatchery programs and results, or other relevant
subjects;
(D) A summary of law enforcement activities undertaken in the last 2
years, and a description of any changes in programs to prevent poaching
and smuggling, including indicators of their effectiveness;
(E) A summary of the revenues generated by the commercial exploitation of
beluga sturgeon in the respective littoral state, and a summary of any

documented conservation benefits resulting from the commercial harvest
program in that country (e.g., revenues allocated to hatchery and
restocking programs or research programs); and
(F) Export data for the previous two calendar years.
(5) Can aquacultured beluga sturgeon products be exempt from threatened
species permits if the products originate outside the littoral states? We
will consider exemptions from threatened species permits for beluga caviar
and meat obtained from aquaculture facilities outside the littoral states.
These exemptions will be for individual facilities, and would allow
aquacultured beluga caviar and meat originating from these facilities to
be imported, exported, re-exported, or traded in interstate and foreign
commerce without threatened species permits issued under Section 10 of the
Act. Aquaculture facilities within the United States could also be exempt
from prohibitions against take for purposes of harvesting caviar or meat (
i.e. , killing of beluga sturgeon), or for conducting activities involving
research to enhance the survival or propagation of the species. Facilities
outside the littoral states wishing to obtain such exemptions must submit
a written request to the Division of Management Authority, Branch of
Permits—International, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax
Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA 22203, and provide to the Service's
Division of Scientific Authority, in Room 750 at the same address,
information that shows, at a minimum, all of the following:
(i) The facility in question is using best management practices to prevent
the escape of beluga sturgeon and disease pathogens into local ecosystems,
as certified by the relevant regulatory agency. In the case of the United
States, the relevant regulatory authority will be the state agency with
jurisdiction over aquaculture. In the case of foreign aquaculture
facilities outside the littoral states, the relevant regulatory agency
will be the designated CITES Management Authority with jurisdiction over
sturgeon. Best management practices that affect the applicant's facility
must be part of the application and available for Service review.
(ii) The facility in question has entered into a formal agreement with one
or more littoral states to study, protect, or otherwise enhance the
survival of wild beluga sturgeon. Copies of such agreements must be
provided.
(iii) The facility in question does not rely on wild beluga sturgeon for
broodstock. Proof of broodstock origin, including relevant CITES permits
that accompanied broodstock specimens upon import into the United States,
must be part of the application.
(iv) Exemptions granted under paragraph (y)(5) of this section shall not
apply to trade (import, export, re-export, or interstate and foreign
commerce) in live beluga sturgeon, and may be revoked at any time if the
Service determines that any of the criteria shown in paragraphs (y)(5)(i)
through (iii) of this section are not met by the facility. Applicants will
be required to submit biennial reports on their compliance with paragraphs
(y)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section, starting on the second
anniversary of any programmatic exemption granted to the applicants. These
biennial reports must show that exempted facilities have actively
cooperated with one or more littoral states in a meaningful way to support
beluga sturgeon conservation. Any beluga caviar originating from
aquaculture facilities outside the littoral states must comply with CITES
caviar-labeling requirements, even in interstate commerce within the
United States. We will publish an information notice if the Service grants
a programmatic exemption to any aquaculture facility outside the littoral
states, and announce such actions through our website and posting notices
at our wildlife ports of entry. We will follow the provisions of paragraph
(y)(7) of this section to announce restrictions or revocations of such

programmatic exemptions, based on our review of facilities' biennial
reports.
(6) How will the Service inform the public of CITES restrictions on trade
in beluga sturgeon? We will issue an information bulletin that identifies
a restriction or suspension of trade in specimens of beluga sturgeon and
post it on our websites ( http://le.fws.gov and
http://international.fws.gov ) and at our staffed wildlife ports of entry
if any criterion in paragraphs (y)(6)(i) or (ii) of this section is met:
(i) The country is lacking a designated Management Authority or Scientific
Authority for the issuance of valid CITES documents or their equivalent
for beluga sturgeon.
(ii) The country is identified in any action adopted by the CITES
Conference of the Parties, the CITES Standing Committee, or in a
Notification to the Parties issued by the CITES Secretariat as a country
from which Parties are asked not to accept shipments of specimens of
beluga sturgeon or all CITES-listed species.
Note to paragraph(y)(6): A listing of all countries that have not
designated either a Management Authority or Scientific Authority, or that
have been identified as countries from which Parties should not accept
permits, is available by writing to: Division of Management Authority,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 700,
Arlington, Virginia 22203.
(7) How will the Service set trade restrictions or prohibitions under the
special rule? The Service's Division of Scientific Authority will conduct
a biennial review of beluga sturgeon conservation based on information in
the cooperative basin-wide management plans, national regulations and
laws, and biennial reports (submitted as per paragraph (y)(4) of this
section, and, for aquaculture facilities, as per paragraph (y)(5)(iv) of
this section). We will combine that review with a review of other relevant
information (e.g., scientific literature, law enforcement data,
government-to-government consultations) to determine whether littoral
state management programs and aquaculture operations are effectively
achieving conservation benefits for beluga sturgeon. Based on this
information, or the failure to obtain it, the Service may restrict or
prohibit trade from a littoral state, a re-exporting intermediary country,
or an entire basin ( i.e. , the Caspian Sea or Black Sea) or a specific
aquaculture facility outside the littoral states if we determine that the
conservation or management status of beluga sturgeon has been adversely
affected and the continued recovery of beluga sturgeon may be compromised.
The decision to restrict or prohibit trade in beluga sturgeon products on
a national, basin, or region-wide scale will depend on the scope of the
problem observed, the magnitude of the threat to wild beluga sturgeon, and
whether remedial action is necessary at a national, basin, or region-wide
scale.
(i) Trade restrictions or suspensions will result basin-wide, for specific
littoral states, or for non-littoral state aquaculture facilities under
one or more of the following scenarios:
(A) Failure to submit any of the reports, legislation, and management
plans described in paragraph (y)(4) of this section, or failure to respond
to requests for additional information;
(B) A change in regional cooperative management that threatens the
recovery of wild beluga sturgeon;
(C) A change in littoral state laws or regulations that compromises beluga
sturgeon recovery or survival in the wild;
(D) Adoption of scientifically unsound hatchery practices or restocking
programs for beluga sturgeon;
(E) A decline in wild Huso huso populations, as documented in national

reports outlined above or the scientific literature, that goes unaddressed
by regional or national management programs;
(F) Failure to address poaching or smuggling in beluga sturgeon, their
parts, or products in the littoral states or re-exporting countries, as
documented in national reports described above or other law enforcement
sources;
(G) Failure of the littoral states to address the loss of beluga sturgeon
habitat quality or quantity;
(H) Failure of the littoral states or re-exporting countries to follow the
caviar-labeling recommendations of the CITES Parties (currently embodied
in Resolution Conf. 12.7);
(I) Recommendations from the CITES Standing Committee to suspend trade in
beluga sturgeon from one or more countries; or
(J) An aquaculture facility outside the littoral states has been issued a
programmatic exemption from threatened species permits under paragraph
(y)(5) of this section, but is not abiding by the provisions of paragraphs
(y)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section, or, based on the biennial reports
required under paragraph (y)(5) of this section, has not actively
cooperated with one or more littoral states in a meaningful way to support
beluga sturgeon conservation.
(K) Any other natural or human-induced phenomenon that threatens the
survival or recovery of beluga sturgeon.
(ii) We will publish an information notice in theFederal Register,as well
as on our Web site and at our wildlife ports of entry, if the Service's
Division of Scientific Authority administratively suspends or restricts
trade in beluga sturgeon products after determining that wild beluga
sturgeon stock status worsens or threats to the species increase. This
information notice will provide:
(A) The problem(s) identified in the biennial reports or other salient
documents.
(B) The scope of the problem and the number of nations involved.
(C) The scope of the trade restriction or suspension we are imposing,
including products covered, duration of the restriction or suspension, and
criteria for lifting it and reinstating any exemption to threatened
species permits.
(D) How the public can provide input, make comments, and recommend
remedial action to withdraw the trade measures imposed.
(z) Gila trout ( Oncorhynchus gilae ).
(1) Except as noted in paragraph (z)(2) of this section, all prohibitions
of 50 CFR 17.31 and exemptions of 50 CFR 17.32 apply to the Gila trout.
(i) No person may possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, ship, import,
or export, by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in violation of
this section or in violation of applicable fish and conservation laws and
regulations promulgated by the States of New Mexico or Arizona.
(ii) It is unlawful for any person to attempt to commit, solicit another
to commit, or cause to be committed any offense listed in paragraph
(z)(1)(i) of this section.
(2) In the following instances you may take Gila trout in accordance with
applicable State fish and wildlife conservation laws and regulations to
protect this species in the States of New Mexico or Arizona:
(i) Fishing activities authorized under New Mexico or Arizona laws and
regulations; and
(ii) Educational purposes, scientific purposes, the enhancement of
propagation or survival of the species, zoological exhibition, and other
conservation purposes consistent with the Endangered Species Act.
(3) The four relict populations of Gila trout (Main Diamond Creek, South
Diamond Creek, Spruce Creek, and Whiskey Creek) will not be opened to

fishing.
(4) Any changes to State recreational fishing regulations will be made by
the States in collaboration with the Service.
(5) Any violation of State applicable fish and wildlife conservation laws
or regulations with respect to the taking of this species is also a
violation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended.
[40 FR 44415, Sept. 26, 1975]
Editorial Note:
ForFederal Registercitations to §17.44, see the List of
CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the
printed volume and on GPO Access.
§ 17.45
Special rules—snails and clams. [Reserved]
top
§ 17.46
Special rules—crustaceans.
top
(a) Madison Cave isopod ( Antrolana lira ). (1) All provisions of §17.31
(a) and (b) apply to this species except that it may be taken for
scientific purposes without Federal permits issued pursuant to these
regulations: Provided, that all other Federal, State, or local laws,
regulations, ordinances or other restrictions or limitations have been
complied with.
(b) [Reserved]
[47 FR 43701, Oct. 4, 1982]
§ 17.47
[Reserved]
top
§ 17.48
Special rules—common sponges and other forms. [Reserved]
top
Subpart E—Similarity of Appearance
top
Source:
42 FR 32377, June 24, 1977, unless otherwise noted.
§ 17.50
General.
top
(a) Whenever a species which is not Endangered or Threatened closely
resembles an Endangered or Threatened species, such species may be treated
as either Endangered or Threatened if the director makes such
determination in accordance with section 4(e) of the Act and the criteria
of paragraph (b) of this section. After the Director has made such
determination in accordance with the notification procedures specified in
the Act, such species shall appear in the list in §17.11 (Wildlife) or
§17.12 (Plants) with the notation “(S/A)” (similarity of appearance) in
the “Status” column, following either a letter “E” or a letter “T” to
indicate whether the species is being treated as Endangered or Threatened.
(b) In determining whether to treat a species as Endangered or Threatened
due to similarity of appearance, the Director shall consider the criteria
in section 4(e) of the Act, as indicated below:
(1) The degree of difficulty enforcement personnel would have in
distinguishing the species, at the point in question, from an Endangered
or Threatened species (including those cases where the criteria for
recognition of a species are based on geographical boundaries);
(2) The additional threat posed to the Endangered or Threatened species by
the loss of control occasioned because of the similarity of appearance;
and
(3) The probability that so designating a similar species will
substantially facilitate enforcement and further the purposes and policy
of the Act.
Example 1.
The ABC sparrow is Endangered wildlife. The ABD sparrow is a
subspecies that is so similar to the ABC sparrow that when found outside
their normal habitat, the two cannot readily be distinguished by law

enforcement personnel. The ABD sparrow is listed in §17.11, after
following the proper procedures as follows:
Species and Range
Common nameScientific namePopulationKnown distributionPortion of
range where endangered or threatenedStatusWhen listedSpecial rules
ABC sparrowABCus NANorth AmericaEntireE7NA
ABD sparrowABDus NA......doNAE(S/A)7NA
Example 2.
Suppose the ABC sparrow is listed as Endangered in only a
portion of its range. Within the meaning of the Act, the ABC sparrow as
defined by geographic boundaries is a species. The ABC sparrow which
occurs beyond those boundaries is a different species, even though it is
identical, except in location, to the listed species. If the criteria of
this section were met, the two species would be listed as follows:
Species and Range
Common nameScientific namePopulationKnown distributionPortion of
range where endangered or threatenedStatusWhen listedSpecial rules
ABC sparrowABCus IdahoIdahoEntireE7NA
Do......doNAUnited StatesNAE(S/A)7NA
Example 3.
The XY cactus has been determined to be an Endangered
species. The XZ cactus so closely resembles the XY cactus that enforcement
personnel cannot distinguish between the two. The Endangered XY cactus
could be illegally sold as the non-endangered XZ species, thus posing an
additional threat to the Endangered species. After following the proper
procedures, the XZ cactus would be placed on the list and treated as
though it was an Endangered species. This entry would appear as follows:
Species and Range
Common nameScientific namePopulationKnown distributionPortion of
range where endangered or threatenedStatusWhen listedSpecial rules
XY um XY cactusArizonaEntireE7NA
XZ um ......doArizona and MexicoNAE(S/A)8NA
§ 17.51
Treatment as endangered or threatened.
top
(a) Any species listed in §17.11 or §17.12, pursuant to §17.50, shall be
treated as Endangered or Threatened, as indicated in the “Status” column.
(b) All of the provisions of subparts C (Endangered Wildlife), D
(Threatened Wildlife), F (Endangered Plants) or G (Threatened Plants), as
appropriate, shall apply to any such species.
§ 17.52
Permits—similarity of appearance.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application and unless otherwise indicated in a
special rule, the Director may issue permits for any activity otherwise
prohibited with a species designated as Endangered or Threatened due to
its similarity of appearance. Such a permit may authorize a single
transaction, a series of transactions, or a number of activities over a
specified period of time.
(a) Application requirements. An application for a permit under this
section must be submitted to the Director by the person who wishes to
engage in the prohibited activity. The permit for activities involving
interstate commerce of plants must be obtained by the seller; in the case
of wildlife, the permit must be obtained by the buyer. The application
must be submitted on an official application form (Form 3–200) provided by
the Service, or must contain the general information and certification
required by §13.12(a) of this subchapter. It must include, as an
attachment, all of the following information: Documentary evidence, sworn

affidavits, or other information to show species identification and the
origin of the wildlife or plant in question. This information may be in
the form of hunting licenses, hide seals, official stamps, export
documents, bills of sales, certification, expert opinion, or other
appropriate information.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria, in §13.21(b)
of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the information submitted by the applicant appears reliable;
(2) Whether the information submitted by the applicant adequately
identifies the wildlife or plant in question so as to distinguish it from
any Endangered or Threatened wildlife or plant.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this section shall
be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) If indicated in the permit, a special mark, to be specified in the
permit, must be applied to the wildlife or plant, and remain for the time
designated in the permit;
(2) A copy of the permit or an identification label, which includes the
scientific name and the permit number, must accompany the wildlife or
plant or its container during the course of any activity subject to these
regulations.
(d) Duration of permits. The duration of a permit issued under this
section shall be designated on the face of the permit.
Subpart F—Endangered Plants
top
§ 17.61
Prohibitions.
top
(a) Except as provided in a permit issued pursuant to §17.62 or §17.63, it
is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States to commit, to attempt to commit, to solicit another to commit, or
to cause to be committed, any of the acts described in paragraphs (b)
through (e) of this section in regard to any Endangered plant.
(b) Import or export. It is unlawful to import or to export any Endangered
plant. Any shipment in transit through the United States is an importation
and an exportation, whether or not it has entered the country for customs
purposes.
(c) Remove and reduce to possession. (1) It is unlawful to remove and
reduce to possession any endangered plant from an area under Federal
jurisdiction.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any employee or
agent of the Service, any other Federal land management agency, or a State
conservation agency, who is designated by that agency for such purposes,
may, when acting in the course of official duties, remove and reduce to
possession endangered plants from areas under Federal jurisdiction without
a permit if such action is necessary to:
(i) Care for a damaged or diseased specimen;
(ii) Dispose of a dead specimen; or
(iii) Salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific study.
(3) Any removal and reduction to possession pursuant to paragraph (c)(2)
of this section must be reported in writing to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Division of Law Enforcement, P.O. Box 28006, Washington, DC
20005, within 5 days. The specimen may only be retained, disposed of, or
salvaged in accordance with written directions from the Service.
(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section, any qualified

employee or agent of a State conservation agency which is a party to a
Cooperative Agreement with the Service in accordance with section 6(c) of
the Act, who is designated by that agency for such purposes, may, when
acting in the course of official duties, remove and reduce to possession
from areas under Federal jurisdiction those endangered plants which are
covered by an approved cooperative agreement for conservation programs in
accordance with the Cooperative Agreement, provided that such removal is
not reasonably anticipated to result in:
(i) The death or permanent damage of the specimens;
(ii) The removal of the specimen from the State where the removal
occurred; or
(iii) The introduction of the specimen so removed, or of any propagules
derived from such a specimen, into an area beyond the historical range of
the species.
(d) Interstate or foreign commerce. It is unlawful to deliver, receive,
carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by any means
whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, an endangered
plant.
(e) Sale or offer for sale. (1) It is unlawful to sell or to offer for
sale in interstate or foreign commerce any endangered plant.
(2) An advertisement for the sale of any endangered plant which carries a
warning to the effect that no sale may be consummated until a permit has
been obtained from the Service, shall not be considered an offer for sale
within the meaning of this paragraph.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 39690, Sept. 30, 1985]
§ 17.62
Permits for scientific purposes or for the enhancement of
propagation or survival.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application the Director may issue a permit
authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by §17.61, in accordance
with the issuance criteria of this section, for scientific purposes or for
enhancing the propagation or survival of endangered plants. (See §17.72
for permits for threatened plants.) Such a permit may authorize a single
transaction, a series of transactions, or a number of activities over a
specified period of time.
(a) Application requirements. A person wishing to get a permit for an
activity prohibited by §17.61 submits an application to conduct activities
under this paragraph. For interstate commerce activities the seller gets
the permit for plants coming from cultivated stock and the buyer gets the
permit if the plants are taken from the wild. The Service provides
application Form 3–200, or you may submit the general information and
certification required by §13.12(a) of this subchapter. Application
requirements differ for permits issued for plants taken from the wild
(excluding seeds), seeds and cultivated plants, or herbarium specimens.
You must attach the following information and any other information
requested by the Director.
(1) For activities involving plants obtained from the wild (excluding
seeds), provide the following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) The estimated number of specimens sought to be covered by the permit;
(iii) The year, country, and approximate place where taking occurred or
will occur;
(iv) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to possession
of a plant from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year, State,
county, or any other description such as place name, township, and range
designation that will precisely place the location where the proposed
removal and reduction to possession will occur, the name of the Federal

entity having jurisdiction over the area, and the name, title, address,
and phone number of the person in charge of the area.
(v) The name and address of the institution or other facility where the
plant sought to be covered by the permit will be used or maintained;
(vi) A brief description of the applicant's expertise and facilities as
related to the proposed activity;
(vii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to such efforts; and
(viii) A statement of the reasons why the applicant is justified in
obtaining the permit, including:
(A) The activities sought to be authorized by the permit and the
relationship of such activities to scientific purposes or enhancing the
propagation or survival of the species; and
(B) The planned disposition of such plant upon termination of the
activities sought to be authorized.
(2) For activities involving seeds and cultivated plants, provide the
following information:
(i) The scientific names of the plants sought to be covered by the permit;
(ii) A statement of the applicant's willingness to participate in a
cooperative propagation program, and to maintain or contribute data
relating to the success of such efforts;
(iii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by the
permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific purposes or
enhancing the propagation or survival of the species; and
(iv) If the activities would involve seeds obtained from the wild,
additional information to evaluate the effects of such taking upon the
reproductive potential of the species where the taking will occur.
(v) If the activities would involve removal and reduction to possession of
seeds from an area under Federal jurisdiction, the year, State, county or
any other description such as place name, township, and range designation
that will precisely place the location where the proposed removal and
reduction to possession will occur, the name of the Federal entity having
jurisdiction over the area and the name, title, address, and phone number
of the person in charge of the area.
(3) For importation or exportation involving the non-commercial loan,
exchange, or donation of herbarium or other preserved, dried, or embedded
museum specimens of any endangered species between scientists or
scientific institutions, provide the following information:
(i) The name and address of the institution or other facility where the
plants sought to be covered by the permit will be used or maintained; and
(ii) A justification of the activities sought to be authorized by the
permit and the relationship of such activities to scientific purposes or
enhancing the propagation or survival of the species.
(4) When the activity applied for involves a species also regulated by the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora, additional requirements of §23.15(c) of this subchapter must be
met. For your convenience, §23.15(c) is repeated here.
Application requirements for permits or certificates to import, export or
re-export wildlife or plants listed in appendix I, II or III that are not
subject to the regulations in part 17 or part 18 of this subchapter. Any
person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who wishes to get
such a permit or certificate submits an application under this section to
the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (Attention: Office of
Management Authority), 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 700, Arlington, VA
22203. The Service provides Form 3–200 for the application to which as
much of the following information relating to the purpose of the permit or

certificate must be attached.
(1) The scientific and common names of the species (or taxa to the rank
listed in Appendix I, II, or III) sought to be covered by the permit. the
number of wildlife or plants, and the activity sought to be authorized
(such as importing, exporting, re-exporting, etc.);
(2) A statement as to whether the wildlife or plant, at the time of
application, (i) is living in the wild, (ii) is living, but not in the
wild, or (iii) is dead;
(3) A description of the wildlife or plant, including (i) size, (ii) sex
(if known), and (iii) type of goods, if it is a part or derivative;
(4) In the case of living wildlife or plants, (i) a description of the
type, size, and construction of any container the wildlife or plant will
be placed in during transportation, and (ii) the arrangements for watering
and otherwise caring for the wildlife or plant during transportation;
(5) The name and address of the person in a foreign country to whom the
wildlife or plant is to be exported from the United States, or from whom
the wildlife or plant is to be imported into the United States;
(6) The country and place where the wildlife or plant was or is to be
taken from the wild;
(7) In the case of wildlife or plants listed in Appendix I to be imported
into the United States, (i) a statement of the purposes and details of the
activities for which the wildlife or plant is to be imported; (ii) a brief
resume of the technical expertise of the applicant or other persons who
will care for the wildlife or plant; (iii) the name, address, and
description, including diagrams or photographs, of the facility where the
wildlife or plant will be maintained; and (iv) a description of all
mortalities, in the two years preceding the date of this application,
including any wildlife species covered in the application (or any species
of the same genus or family) held by the applicant, including the causes
and steps taken to avoid such mortalities; and
(8) Copies of documents, sworn affidavits, or other evidence showing that
either (i) the wildlife or plant was acquired prior to the date the
Convention applied to it, or (ii) the wildlife or plant was bred in
captivity, or artificially propagated, or was part of or derived
therefrom, or (iii) the wildlife or plant is an herbarium specimen, or
live plant material to be imported, exported, or re-exported as a
noncommercial loan, donation, or exchange between scientists or scientific
institutions.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued. In making his decision, the
Director shall consider, in addition to the general criteria in §13.21(b)
of this subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will enhance the
survival of the species in the wild;
(2) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will enhance the
propagation of the species;
(3) The opinions or views of scientists or other persons or organizations
having expertise concerning the plant or other matters germane to the
application; and
(4) Whether the expertise, facilities, or other resources available to the
applicant appear adequate to successfully accomplish the objectives stated
in the application.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this section shall
be subject to the following special conditions:
(1) If requested, the permittee shall submit to the Director a written

report of the activities authorized by the permit. Such report must be
postmarked by the date specified in the permit or otherwise requested by
the Director.
(2) A copy of the permit or an identification label, which includes the
scientific name, the permit number, and a statement that the plant is of
“wild origin” or “cultivated origin” must accompany the plant or its
container during the course of any activity subject to these regulations,
unless the specimens meet the special conditions referred to in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section.
(3) In the case of plants that are herbarium specimens, or other
preserved, dried or embedded museum specimens to be imported or exported
as a noncommercial loan, exchange or donation between scientists or
scientific institutions, the names and addresses of the consignor and
consignee must be on each package or container. A description such as
“herbarium specimens” and the code letters assigned by the Service to the
scientists or scientific institution must be entered on the Customs
declaration form affixed to each package or container. If the specimens
are of taxa also regulated by the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the letters “CITES” (acronym
for the Convention) also must be entered on the Customs declaration form,
as indicated in §23.15(e)(3) of this subchapter.
(d) Duration of permit. The duration of a permit issued under this section
shall be designated on the face of the permit.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979, as amended at 50 FR 39690, Sept. 30, 1985;
63 FR 52635, Oct. 1, 1998]
§ 17.63
Economic hardship permits.
top
Upon receipt of a complete application, the Director may issue a permit
authorizing any activity otherwise prohibited by §17.61, in accordance
with Section 10(b) of the Act and the issuance criteria of this section,
in order to prevent undue economic hardship. No such exemption may be
granted for the importation or exportation of a species also listed in
Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora, if the specimen would be used in a commercial
activity.
(a) Application requirements. An application for a permit under this
section must be submitted to the Director by the person allegedly
suffering undue economic hardship because his desired activity is
prohibited. The application must be submitted on an official application
form (Form 3–200) provided by the Service, or must contain the general
information and certification required by §13.12(a) of this subchapter. It
must include, as an attachment, all of the information required in §17.62
plus the following additional information.
(1) The possible legal or economic alternatives to the activity sought to
be authorized by the permit.
(2) A full statement, accompanied by copies of all relevant
correspondence, showing the applicant's involvement with the plant sought
to be covered by the permit (as well as his involvement with similar
plants). The applicant should include information on that portion of his
income derived from activities involving such plants in relation to the
balance of his income during the calendar year immediately preceding
either theFederal Registernotice of review of the status of the species or
proposed rulemaking to list the species as Endangered, whichever is
earlier.
(3) Where applicable, proof of a contract or other binding legal
obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the plant sought to be covered by the permit;

(ii) Became binding prior to the date of theFederal Registernotice of
review of the status of the species or proposed rulemaking to list the
species as endangered, whichever is earlier; and
(iii) Will cause monetary loss of a given dollar amount if the permit
sought under this section is not granted.
(b) Issuance criteria. Upon receiving an application completed in
accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, the Director will decide
whether or not a permit should be issued for economic hardship, as defined
in section 10(b) of the Act. In making his decision, the Director shall
consider, in addition to the general criteria in §13.21(b) of this
subchapter, the following factors:
(1) Whether the purpose for which the permit is requested will
significantly affect the survival of the species in the wild;
(2) The economic, legal, or other alternatives or relief available to the
applicant;
(3) The amount of evidence that the applicant was in fact party to a
contract or other binding legal obligation which:
(i) Deals specifically with the plant sought to be covered by the permit;
and
(ii) Became binding prior to the date of theFederal Registernotice of
review of the status of the species or proposed rulemaking to list the
species as endangered, whichever is earlier;
(4) The severity of economic hardship which the contract or other binding
legal obligation referred to in paragraph (b)(3) of this section would
cause if the permit were denied;
(5) Where applicable, the portion of the applicant's income which would be
lost if the permit were denied, and the relationship of that portion to
the balance of his income.
(c) Permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in
part 13 of this subchapter, every permit issued under this section may be
subject to any of the following special conditions:
(1) If requested, the permittee shall submit to the Director a written
report of the activities authorized by the permit. Such report must be
postmarked by the date specified in the permit or otherwise requested by
the Director.
(2) If requested, the permittee shall report to the Service's office
designated in the permit the death, destruction or loss of all living
plants covered by the permit. Such report must be postmarked by the date
specified in the permit or otherwise requested by the Director.
(d) Duration of permit. The duration of a permit issued under this section
shall be designated on the face of the permit. No permit issued under this
section shall be valid for more than one year from the date of aFederal
Registernotice of review of the status of the species or proposed
rulemaking to list the species as endangered, whichever is earlier.
[44 FR 54060, Sept. 18, 1979]