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BISCAYNE NATIONAL PARK
MARINE RESERVES QUESTIONNAIRE
East Carolina University
Human Dimensions of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
Institute for Coastal Science and Policy
Greenville, NC
Note: The text in the shaded boxes below will not be included in the survey (the visitors will not read this as a part of the survey
process). This text is used to annotate the questions in response to Part A question 2 of the PRA Supporting Statement
In the following questions, please tell us about your use history of Biscayne National Park.
[Park Use History] – in this section we would like to understand how people use BISC and how those use levels have changed over
time. A map will be provided that will depict the geographical boundaries of BISC. The respondent will be asked to refer to the
map to answer Q1; Q9, Q21 and Q29
1.
Please look at the enclosed map and examine the boundaries of Biscayne National Park. On your
most recent trip to the park, were you aware you were entering Biscayne National Park?
1 Yes
2 No
3.
Over the past twelve months, how many visits have you made to Biscayne National Park?
_____ Number of Visits
2.
In which year did you make your first visit to Biscayne National Park?
_____ Year
4.
On your most recent visit to Biscayne National Park, how many people, including yourself, were in
your party?
______Number of People
5.
On the day of your most recent visit to Biscayne National Park, how many miles did you travel to the
marina/dock/boat ramp?
______ Miles
6.
Since your first visit to Biscayne National Park, how has your annual visitation rate to Biscayne
National Park changed over time? (Please circle one response)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Far fewer visits
Fewer visits
Remained about the same
More visits
Many more visits
This is my first visit to Biscayne National Park
7.
How familiar are you with the Biscayne National Park Boundaries?
1
2
3
4
5
Not at all familiar
Somewhat familiar
Moderately familiar
Very familiar
Extremely familiar
2
Activity Information and History] – in this section we would like to understand what activities are important to users of BISC and
the level of participation in those activities.
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Below is a list of activities available in Biscayne National Park. Please rank how important it is for
you to participate in the following in Biscayne National Park. If you do not participate in an activity
at all, please select “n/a”.
t
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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f.
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k.
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9.
Recreational fishing...................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Commercial fishing....................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Snorkeling......................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
SCUBA Diving................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Power boating................................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Sail boating....................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Nature/wildlife observation..................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Spearfishing...................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Lobstering......................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Canoeing/kayaking....................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Boat tours.......................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Other (Specify: ________________________________)................................... 1 2 3 4 5 n/a
Below is a list of activities available in Biscayne National Park. Using the enclosed map please tell
us how many days you have participated in each activity over the past twelve months in each
of the zones shown on the map. Enter the appropriate number of days to indicate
your use level.
Zone
A
Recreational fishing
Commercial fishing
Snorkeling
SCUBA Diving
Activity
Power boating
Sail boating
Nature/wildlife observation
Spearfishing
Lobstering
Canoeing/kayaking
Boat tours
Other (Specify:____________________________)
B
C
D
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
____# of days ____# of days
3
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
____# of days
In the next several questions we would like to know what you think about the
health of Biscayne National Park.
[Perceptions of resource conditions] – in this section we would like to understand knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of
environmental conditions within BISC. Attribution theory is incorporated into these questions to better understand conflict
dynamics. Questions 15 and 17 utilize social normative theory to examine broader injunctive norms.
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Coral reef ecosystems in Biscayne National Park are able to
easily recover from any impacts from diving/snorkeling
without any long-term damage.......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Coral reef ecosystems in Biscayne National Park are able to
easily recover from any impacts from commercial fishing
without any long-term damage.......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Coral reef ecosystems in Biscayne National Park are able to
easily recover from any impacts from recreational fishing
without any long-term damage.......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Coral reef ecosystems in Biscayne National Park are
generally in a healthy condition......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Divers/snorkelers cause some damage to reefs in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects on reef health............................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Commercial fishermen cause some damage to reefs in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects on reef health............................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Recreational anglers cause some damage to reefs in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects on reef health............................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Biscayne National Park reef areas where I typically recreate
are in a healthy condition..................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Overall, do you feel the following are having a positive or negative impact on the ecological health of
the marine resources in Biscayne National Park?
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Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements about coral
reef health.
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10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Water quality..................................................................................1
SCUBA diving..................................................................................1
Commercial fishing......................................................................1
Hurricanes.......................................................................................1
Snorkeling........................................................................................1
Recreational fishing.....................................................................1
Global climate change.................................................................1
Marine debris/trash....................................................................1
4
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 5 4 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7
a.
b.
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12.
Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements about fish
populations.
Fish populations in Biscayne National park are able to easily recover
from any impacts from diving/snorkeling without any
long-term damage.................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Fish populations in Biscayne National Park are able to easily recover
from any impacts from commercial fishing without any
long-term damage.................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
c.
d.
Fish populations in Biscayne National Park are able to easily recover
from any impacts from recreational fishing without any
long-term damage.................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Fish populations in Biscayne National Park are able to easily recover
from any impacts from spearfishing without any
long-term damage.................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
g.
h.
Commercial fishermen cause some damage to fish populations in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects fish populations........................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Recreational anglers cause some damage to fish populations in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects fish populations.......................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
e.
f.
i.
j.
Fish populations in Biscayne National Park are
generally in a healthy condition......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Divers/snorkelers cause some damage to fish populations in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects on fish populations.................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Spearfishermen cause some damage to fish populations in
Biscayne National Park, which has long-lasting
effects fish populations.......................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Biscayne National Park fish populations where I typically
recreate are in a healthy condition.................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
13.
Overall, how would you rate the current ecological health of Biscayne National Park?
1 Very poor
2 Poor
3 Fair
4 Good
5 Very good
5
14.
Do you feel that the ecological health Biscayne National Park is improving, declining or staying the
same?
1
2
3
4
5
Declining substantially
Declining somewhat
Staying the same
Improving somewhat
Improving substantially
In the next several questions we would like to know about your perceptions of marine reserves.
For the purpose of this study, a marine reserve is an area that is closed to fishing.
f.
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Protect living coral.........................................................................................................1 2 3 4 5
Protect living seagrass..................................................................................................1 2 3 4 5
Increase the number of fish species in the surrounding area.....................1 2 3 4 5
Increase the total number of fish in the surrounding area...........................1 2 3 4 5
Increase the number of large fish in the surrounding area..........................1 2 3 4 5
Decrease conflict among user groups in the area.............................................1 2 3 4 5
Restore degraded ecosystems...................................................................................1 2 3 4 5
Enhance the snorkeling/SCUBA diving experience.........................................1 2 3 4 5
Enhance the recreational fishing experience in
waters surrounding the reserve..........................................................................1 2 3 4 5
Enhance the commercial fishing experience in
waters surrounding the reserve..........................................................................1 2 3 4 5
Please indicate if you have ever heard of the following ocean management concepts. If you answer
“Yes” to any of the items please indicate your knowledge level about each.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Heard of?
Marine protected areas.......................................NO
Ocean zoning...........................................................NO
Harvest refugia.......................................................NO
No-take marine reserves....................................NO
Marine sanctuaries ..............................................NO
Sanctuary preservation areas..........................NO
Ecological reserves...............................................NO
Research natural areas........................................NO
6
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16.
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We would like to know about your perceptions of marine reserves (areas closed to fishing). Please
indicate the extent to which you believe other users of Biscayne National Park would agree or
disagree that marine reserves will help to:
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15.
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
YES........................ 1 2 3 4 5
d.
e.
f.
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Resource managers have accumulated enough scientific
knowledge about the effectiveness of marine reserves to
know how they work.............................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
A public participation process is needed when designating and
implementing marine reserves.......................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Resource managers should rely mostly on the judgments of marine
biologists when deciding where to create a marine reserve................. 1 2 3 4 5
Resource managers should rely mostly on the judgments of marine
biologists when deciding how to create a marine reserve..................... 1 2 3 4 5
When creating marine reserves, resource managers are
attempting to help recreational anglers by improving fish stocks...... 1 2 3 4 5
When creating marine reserves, resource managers are attempting
to help commercial fishermen by improving fish stocks......................... 1 2 3 4 5
When creating marine reserves, resource managers are attempting
to help snorkelers/divers by improving coral reef ecosystems........... 1 2 3 4 5
Below is a list of user groups in Biscayne National Park. Please indicate how you feel each group
would be impacted from the possible creation of a no-take marine reserve somewhere in Biscayne
National Park.
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18.
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Please indicate the extent to which you feel other users of Biscayne National Park would agree or
disagree that:
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17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Recreational fishermen............................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Commercial fishermen................................................................................................ 1 2 3 4 5
Snorkelers......................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
SCUBA Divers................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
i.
j.
k.
g.
Lobster fishermen......................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Canoeists/kayakers....................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Participants in boat tours........................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Other (Specify: ________________________________)................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
e.
f.
g.
h.
Power boaters................................................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
Sail boaters....................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Nature/wildlife observers......................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Spearfishermen.............................................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
7
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Below is a list of possible marine management options that could be applied within Biscayne
National Park. Please indicate the extend to which you support or oppose each management option.
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19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
No additional fishing restrictions........................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Catch and release fishing only.................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
No fishing permitted..................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Spearfishing permitted, but with gear restrictions......................................... 1 2 3 4 5
No spearfishing permitted......................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
No diving/snorkeling permitted............................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
Area open to boat transit only (no stopping).................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Limited “rafting” of boats (tying multiple boats together).......................... 1 2 3 4 5
Boating by permit only................................................................................................ 1 2 3 4 5
Creation of a “no-motor” zone.................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
No lobstering permitted............................................................................................. 1 2 3 4 5
No additional diving/snorkeling restrictions.................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Boats must anchor at mooring buoys................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
Boats can only anchor in specified locations (no buoys).............................. 1 2 3 4 5
Diving by permit only................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 5
[Activity Information and History] – in this section we would like to understand the respondent’s recreational experience with
specific reference to BISC. Substitution theory is included in this questions to try and understand displacement of users
There are many places to engage in various outdoor recreation activities in Biscayne National Park. In the
next several questions we are attempting to understand the reason you may choose to participate in your
primary recreation activity in one location versus another, or if necessary choose to engage in different
recreational activities entirely in Biscayne National Park.
20.
Below is a list of activities available in Biscayne National Park. Please select the one activity in
which you primarily engage while in Biscayne National Park.
1 Recreational fishing
4 SCUBA Diving
2 Commercial fishing
3 Snorkeling
5 Power boating
6 Sail boating
7 Nature/wildlife observation
8 Spearfishing
9 Lobstering
10 Canoeing/kayaking
11 Boat tours
12 Other (Specify: ________________________________)
8
21.
Please look at the enclosed map of Biscayne National Park. In which zone do you most prefer to
participate in your primary activity (from Question 20, above)?
______ Zone
When answering Questions 22 - 29, refer to your primary activity and most preferred zone listed in
questions 20 and 21.
22.
Imagine that you discovered that you could not participate in your primary activity in your most
preferred zone during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park. What would you do?
1 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside of Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but outside of Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
23.
Imagine that you discovered that you could not participate in your primary activity in your most
preferred zone for the next five years. What would you do?
1 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
4 I would permanently participate in a different activity, but outside of Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but outside of Biscayne National Park
3 I would permanently participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
24.
Imagine that you discovered during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park, that your
most preferred zone was slightly more crowded than you normally find acceptable. What would you
do?
1 I would make an exception and still participate in my primary activity in this zone
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
25.
Imagine that you discovered during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park, that your
most preferred zone was much more crowded than you normally find acceptable. What would you
do?
1 I would make an exception and still participate in my primary activity in this zone
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
9
26.
Imagine that you discovered during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park, that your
most preferred zone was slightly more environmentally damaged than you normally find
acceptable. What would you do?
1 I would make an exception and still participate in my primary activity in this zone
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
27.
Imagine that you discovered during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park, that your
most preferred zone was much more ecologically damaged than you normally find acceptable. What
would you do?
1 I would make an exception and still participate in my primary activity in this zone
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
28.
Imagine that you discovered during your next planned trip to Biscayne National Park that user
groups with whom you experience conflict are using your most preferred zone. What would you do?
1 I would make an exception and still participate in my primary activity in this zone
4 I would temporarily participate in a different activity, but outside Biscayne National Park
2 I would still participate in my primary activity, but elsewhere in Biscayne National Park
3 I would temporarily participate in a different activity in Biscayne National Park
29.
If you could not participate in your primary activity in your most desirable zone, which other zones
in Biscayne National Park do you think can offer just as good an experience as your most preferred
zone. Please refer to the enclosed map and rank the zones in order of desirability. If no other zones
are just as good, check “None”. Please list all zones that apply.
Zone
Desirability
Very desirable ------------------------------------ Less desirable
10
None
The following questions will help us to understand of users of Biscayne National Park.
The information you provide us will remain strictly anonymous. Your name will never be
associated with your answers.
Demographics] – This information is needed to check the representativeness of our sample against the population. Variables such
as age, gender and income are included since they are often good predictors of demand and visitation behavior.
30.
What is your age?
______ Years
1 Male
2 Female
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
33.
On your most recent visit to Biscayne National Park, how many hours did you stay in the park?
_______ Hours
31.
32.
34.
Are you:
What is the ZIP Code of your primary residence?
In which city is the marina/dock or boat ramp from which you started your most recent visit to
Biscayne National Park?
_________________________________________________________
35.
Which of the following do you consider yourself to be?
1 A permanent resident of South Florida
2 A seasonal resident of South Florida (you reside in South Florida for less than half of the year)
3 A non-resident (visitor) to South Florida
1 Yes
2 No
1 English
2 Spanish
3 Creole
4 Other (Specify:__________________________)
36.
37.
Would you classify yourself as Hispanic or Latino?
Which of the following is the primary language used to communicate in your household?
11
38.
Which category best describes your race? (Please circle one).
39.
1 American Indian or Alaskan Native
2 Asian
3 Black or African American
4 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
5 White
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Which of the following categories best describes your annual household income?
Under $5,000
$5,000 - $9,999
$10,000 - $14,999
$15,000 - $19,999
$20,000 - $24,999
$25,000 - $29,999
$30,000 - $34,999
$35,000 - $39,999
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
$40,000 - $44,999
$45,000 - $49,999
$50,000 - $59,999
$60,000 - $74,999
$75,000 - $99,999
$100,000 - $149,999
$150,000 or more
Is there anything else about Biscayne National Park or this questionnaire you would like to share with us?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your contribution to the effort is greatly appreciated. Please return your completed questionnaire in the
postage-paid envelope as soon as possible. Thank you!
Please direct all inquiries to:
David K. Loomis
Human Dimensions of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
250 Flanagan Building
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: A Federal agency may not conduct of sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection
of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 20
minutes per response, including time for reviewing instructions and responding to the questions associated with this collection. The obligation to
respond to this collection is completely voluntary. Please send comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of
information, to the National Park Service Chief Information Officer, ADDRESS: Washington, DC 20210
A report containing the results of this study will be available in 2012 at our website: www.ecu.edu/hd
Questionnaire No #______
12
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Modified | 2012-05-08 |
| File Created | 2012-05-02 |