Three NPS Visitor Studies

National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
Social Science Division
Expedited Approval for NPS-Sponsored Public Surveys
1.

Project Title ⎢
Submission
Date:

2.

Abstract:

3.

Title:
Affiliation:
Street Address:
City:

Patricia A.

Last Name:

Taylor, Ph.D.

Professor
University of Wyoming
Dept. 3925, 1000 E. University Ave.
Laramie

Phone:

307-399-8565

Email:

[email protected]

State:
Fax:

WY

Zip code:

82071

307-766-2759

Park or Program Liaison Contact Information
First Name:

Sue

Title:

Chief

Park:

Grand Teton National Park

Last Name:

Park
Office/Division:

Science & Resource Management

Street Address:

P.O. Drawer 170

City:

August 28, 2009

This research will assist managers at Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) in the evaluation of
the public information and education portion of the park’s ‘Be Bear Aware’ program. Of
particular concern to GRTE managers is the program’s success in minimizing human-bear
conflicts by improving food storage compliance in the campground and picnic areas. We will
conduct face-to-face interviews with a sample of park visitors during the summer of 2010 to
evaluate whether information in the ‘Be Bear Aware’ program is reaching park visitors and
translates into compliance with park regulations.
(not to exceed 150 words)

Principal Investigator Contact Information
First Name:

4.

Evaluation of Grand Teton National Park’s “Be Bear Aware” Message
to Visitors

Moose

State:

Phone:

307-739-3481

Email:

Sue [email protected]

Fax:

WY

Consolo-Murphy

Zip code:

307-739-3438

83012

Project Information
5.

Park(s) For Which Research
is to be Conducted:

6.

Survey Dates:

7.

Type of Information Collection Instrument (Check ALL that Apply)

8.

‰

Mail-Back
Questionnaire

‰

Other (explain)
Survey Justification:
(Use as much space as
needed; if necessary
include additional
explanation on a
separate page.)

Grand Teton National Park

06/29/2010

‰

(mm/dd/yyyy)

On-Site
Questionnaire

to

X Face-to-Face
Interviews

08/06/2010

‰

Telephone
Survey

(mm/dd/yyyy)

‰

Focus
Groups

Social science research in support of park planning and management is
mandated in the NPS Management Policies 2006 (Section 8.11.1, “Social
Science Studies”). The NPS pursues a policy that facilitates social science
studies in support of the NPS mission to protect resources and enhance the
enjoyment of present and future generations (National Park Service Act of 1916,
38 Stat 535, 16 USC 1, et seq.). NPS policy mandates that social science
research will be used to provide an understanding of park visitors, the nonvisiting public, gateway communities and regions, and human interactions with
park resources. Such studies are needed to provide a scientific basis for park
planning, development, operations, management, education, and interpretive
activities.
Management Justification
This survey of visitors to Grand Teton National Park determines if the
information in the park’s ‘Be Bear Aware’ program is reaching park visitors and
is effective in promoting compliance with food-storage rules designed to
minimize human-bear conflicts. Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) initiated the
‘Be Bear Aware’ program in 2007. The program is an integrated strategy
consisting of 5 elements: 1) public information and education; 2) removal of
human food sources; 3) enforcement of food storage regulations; 4) management
and control of problem bears; and 5) research. As part of the public information
and education component, the park updated its bear-related message. This
included adoption of a universal theme ‘Be Bear Aware,’ designing new
graphics to improve message visibility, wider display of the bear warning signs,
and increasing visitor outreach efforts at the park’s entrances and high-use areas.
The current message emphasizes food storage, outlining a strict set of rules
about what items should be stored (e.g., food, coolers, water bottles, utensils,
etc.) and how to store items properly (i.e., in a bear box or a closed, locked
vehicle with windows rolled up).
The park also developed several guidelines on how to safely and responsibly
recreate in bear country. These guidelines have been widely disseminated
throughout the park, including a full page in the “Teewinot,” the park’s
newspaper. The newspaper, handed to all park visitors as they arrive at entrance
stations, gives information on food storage, behavior during a bear encounter,
differences between black and brown bears, and safety on trails.
Despite these increased efforts, park employees still observe noncompliance
with GRTE’s food storage policy. Because of this, the park continues to have to
allocate limited resources to managing problem bears, defined as bears who
actively seek out sources of human food. In the interest of protecting park
visitors. If bears become habituated toward human food and show no fear of
humans, they are euthanized. Six bears were euthanized in GRTE from 2006 to
2008 (K. Wilmot, Bear Management Office, GRTE, personal communication,
July 3, 2009).

In the interest of protecting park visitors and preserving the park’s bears, GRTE
managers need to understand the effectiveness of the public information and
education portion of the ‘Be Bear Aware’ program. Results will be used to
inform future visitor education efforts. Specifically, to evaluate whether the
information in the ‘Be Bear Aware’ program is in fact reaching park visitors,
and is effective, we will conduct intercept interviews with a sample of park
visitors in the summer of 2010. The survey instrument consists of six sections:
1) trip characteristics; 2) food storage; 3) beliefs about food storage; 4) Bear
Aware program questions; 5) Bear Aware and safety questions; and 6)
demographics. The need for survey and its practical utility to park managers are
discussed below.
GRTE managers have gone to considerable lengths to develop educational
materials for the public as part of the ‘Be Bear Aware’ program. Therefore,
questions in sections on “Food Storage” and “Beliefs about Food Storage” are
designed to elicit visitors’ actions, as well as beliefs, regarding proper food
storage. Answers to these questions will inform park managers if their message
is being seen, read, and/or heard, and whether park visitors are translating the
‘Be Bear Aware’ message into the desired behavior (i.e., proper food storage,
what to do when a bear is encountered). Because GRTE managers are interested
in message penetration, all visitors to campgrounds and picnic areas are in the
population universe to be sampled, whether they have food with them or not.
In addition, park managers are keenly interested in the message that is most
salient to visitors in affecting compliance with park rules. To address salience,
we ask a series of questions on where visitors might have received information
on recreating safely and responsibly in bear country. We also include a set of
questions asking park visitors if they remember seeing particular ‘Be Bear
Aware’ signs, where they remember seeing the signs, and how many times.
Further, we ask visitors to tell us which of these signs made the greatest
impression on them. We understand that information obtained outside of the
park (e.g., a television program, talking with friends or family members) may
be most influential in influencing a visitor to comply with park regulations, so a
question is included about these other information sources. Knowledge of bears
acquired elsewhere is still useful to GRTE managers in that the format (e.g.,
verbal or video) and/or content (e.g., a friend’s experience, a bear’s life history)
could be incorporated into future educational efforts.
Literature Review. Previous research on human-bear interactions in Yosemite
Park found that bear-related messages targeted at visitors’ beliefs about
perceived risk of human-bear interactions are most effective (Lackey and Ham,
2003). A second study in New York’s Adirondack Park suggested that risk
perception influences visitors’ beliefs and attitudes and thus their receptivity
toward educational messages (Gore, Knuth, Curtis & Shanahan, 2007). One
factor identified as affecting visitor risk perception is frequency of bear
encounters while camping in the park (Gore et al., 2007). We address risk
perception by asking visitors how strongly they agree or disagree with the
statement: “it is very unlikely that a bear will enter this campground or picnic
area while I am here.” We believe, based on research by others, that visitors
who strongly agree with this statement will be less inclined to follow park
regulations.
The Yosemite study also found that experienced park visitors believed they
“knew about bears” and that familiarity tended to lessen perceived risk if the
visitors’ own direct experience lacked negative bear encounters (Lackey and
Ham, 2003). Based on these results, we ask visitor’s to recall their own past
experience with bears. We believe visitors who have prior knowledge of, or
experience with ,a bear that led to a negative outcome will be more likely to
follow park regulations.

References Cited
Gore, M. L., B. A. Knuth, P. D. Curtis, and J. E. Shanahan. (2007). Campground
manager and user perceptions of risk associated with negative human-black
bear interactions. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 12, 31-43.
Lackey, B. K. and S. H. Ham. (2003). Final report: Human element assessment
focused on human-bear conflicts in Yosemite National Park. Moscow,
Idaho: University of Idaho.

9.

Survey Methodology:
(Use as much space as
needed; if necessary
include additional
explanation on a
separate page.)

(a) Respondent universe:
The respondent universe consists of all visitors 18 years of age and older using
NPS-managed frontcountry campsites and picnic areas in GRTE during the
survey period. Those occupying campsites will likely be overnighters in the
park, while those individuals at picnic areas are likely to be day visitors. The
questionnaire does provide for identifying picnickers who are also campers.
The NPS manages approximately 1,165 campsites and another 100 picnic sites
in the park.
(b) Sampling plan/procedures:
In each campground we will stop at every 4th site to intercept an occupant for the
survey. Sampling will be concentrated during two periods: morning hours (8:30
a.m. – 11:00 a.m.) when most campers are awake and are still at their sites, and
early evening (4:30 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.) when new campers are arriving to occupy
their sites. Because the campgrounds are used as a home base for exploring the
park, it’s likely that even during peak occupancy hours some occupied sites will
have no campers present to be interviewed (untended sites). In this case, we will
return one time (that evening or the next morning) and attempt to complete an
interview. If the site is still untended on this return visit, the site will be replaced
with the next site occupied by a group that has not yet been interviewed.
Additionally, the interviewers will attempt to alternate between a male and
female respondent over age 18 at each campsite. This approach should reduce
the risk of sampling bias that may occur if those individuals who spend much of
the day away from their campsite are distinctly different in some important ways
from individuals who are at their campsite during the day. This process assures
that we will have the requisite number of interviews completed, as well as
minimizing potential sampling bias.
Picnic areas are quite varied and are generally clumped 4 – 6 tables per site
along major roads in the park Two large picnic areas each have approximately
24 tables. We will take 12 completed interviews at these areas and 3-4 at each
of the other 8 picnic sites. Additionally, there are scattered tables for eating
outside several of the camp stores. We will round out the 63 picnic area
interviews at these sites.
Based on previous observation, we expect that, on average, 97% of the
campsites and 60% of the picnic sites will be occupied during the study period.
Campers occupy a site on average for 2 nights, while picnickers are replaced
each day. We will be interviewing on 15 days distributed over a 20-day period,
which means that there are potentially 8,475 camper site occupations ( (20/2) x
[0.75(.97x1165 sites)] = 10 x 847.5 = 8,475) camping site occupations. For
picnickers, the equivalent number of sites is 900 picnic site occupations (15 x
0.60(100 sites) = 900). Since we want approximately 625 completed surveys,
and approximately 10% of all sites are picnic sites, we will take completed
interviews from 63 picnic sites.
The sampling numbers for the initial potential universe of camping contacts will

use the average proportion of occupied sites by size of the campground. We will
need approximately 562 completed interviews from campers. The number of
completed interviews will be: 63 picnickers + 562 campers = 625. At the 95%
confidence level, completion of 625 interviews yields a margin of error of + 4%
for sample estimates of the population true value.
(c) Instrument administration:
The procedure for collection of information will be face-to-face interviews led
by the 2 PIs. In addition, at least one undergraduate researcher will be hired to
work with the PIs on interviews. We will use scannable forms for recording
responses to aid in the transfer of answers from paper to an electronic data file.
The following contact script will be used:
“Hello. I’m a researcher from the University of Wyoming. Grand Teton National
Park has asked us to help with research on their “Be Bear Aware Program.” I
only need about 10 or 12 minutes to ask you some important questions about
your visit here in Grand Teton National Park. Your answers are completely
voluntary and anonymous. Would you be able to help me out with this?”
If YES: “Thank you. Are you at least 18 years of age?” “Have you taken this
survey at another campsite or picnic area in the park?”
If NO: “I understand. Could I ask you just 3 questions for comparison
purposes?”
If YES: In what year were you born? ________
What is the highest level of school you have completed?
In what state do you live?
Gender (observed)
(d) Expected response rate/confidence levels:
Intercept interviews in national parks tend to have high response rates. For
example, our face-to-face interview at Rocky Mountain National Park completed
in 2003-2004 had a response rate of 93%/ We expect a similar rate at Grand
Teton National Park (as defined by the AAPOR standards).
(c) Strategies for dealing with potential non-response bias:
Although we expect high response rates, there nonetheless may be campers or
picnic visitors who for reasons of privacy or time cannot cooperate in the study.
Or for other reasons the response rate may fall below 80%. In this case, we will
compare respondents and non-respondents on age, education, and residence.
Non-response bias, if any, will be reported and the implications for interpreting
the results discussed in the final report.
(d) Description of any pre-testing and peer review of the methods and/or
instrument (recommended):
The questionnaire was revised after our first meeting with the NPS science
officer and ranger in charge of the “Be Bear Aware” program. It was revised
again after meeting with park employees and after conducting a focus group
with park visitors in Jackson, WY in 2009 (n=7). This consultation and pretesting has resulted in a well-tailored questionnaire for the evaluation of the “Be
Bear Aware” Program.

10.

Total Number of
Initial Contacts |
Expected Respondents:

13.

675

Reporting Plan:

625

11.

Estimated Time to
Complete Initial
Contact |
Instrument
(mins.):

2

12

12
.

Total 148
Burde
n
Hours:

A final report will be prepared for Grand Teton National Park managers, and a
presentation will be made to the managers in the fall 2010, and at a professional
meeting such as the George Wright Society/National Parks Meeting in Chicago
2011. A standard report will be provided with all the data tallied for each
question. Additionally, we expect to provide cross-tabulations of
compliance/non-compliance by campground, by type of camping (tent v. RV),
and by number of visits to the park. Finally, we expect to provide a binary
logistic regression on compliance/non-compliance using both demographic and
attitudinal characteristics of campers and picnickers.

OMB #: XXXX-XXXX
Expiration:
“BE BEAR AWARE” FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEW FORM
Grand Teton National Park
“Hello. I’m a researcher from the University of Wyoming. Grand Teton National Park has asked us to help
with research on their “Be Bear Aware Program.” I only need about 10 or 12 minutes to ask you some
important questions about your visit here in Grand Teton National Park. Your answers are completely
voluntary and anonymous. Would you be able to help me out with this?”

LOCATION AND VISITATION
1. Survey location
Campground:
O Gros Ventre
O Jenny Lake
O Colter Bay
O Signal Mountain
O Lizard
O Flagg Ranch
O Grassy Meadow

Picnic Area:
O Cottonwood Creek
O String Lake
O Signal Mountain
O Chapel of the Sacred Heart
O Two Ocean Lake
O Colter Bay
O Sergeant’s Bay
O Lakeview
O Other_______________

2. Is this your first visit to Grand
Teton National Park?

O yes

skip to #4

O no [1. VISITHIS1]

3. How many times have you visited Grand Teton National Park in the last 12 months? __________ [1.
VISITHIS3]
4. On this visit, how long have you stayed in Grand Teton National Park? [3. TRIPC11]
_______ Number of hours, if less than 24 hours
OR
_______ Number of days, if 24 hours or more
5. How long do you expect to stay in total? ______________ [Topic Area 2 – Trip/Visit Characteristics]
_______ Number of hours, if less than 24 hours
OR
_______ Number of days, if 24 hours or more
6. (If staying overnight) What type of overnight facility are you using? (check all that apply) [3. Variation TRIPC15]
O Lodge
O Camping under the stars
O RV/van
O Staying outside the park
O Pop-up Trailer/Tent
O Haven’t decided
O Tent Village
O Live in the area
O Our own tent

1

7. (If CAMPER) How many people are staying at your campsite, including yourself? ________________
[Topic Area 1 – Individual Characteristics]
(ASK IF NECESSARY) Is this a group campground site?
O yes O no [ Topic Area 3 – Individual
Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
7a. (If PICNICKER) How many people are picnicking with you, including yourself? ______________ [ Topic Area 3
– Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
FOOD STORAGE
Now we have a few questions about how you store your food and personal items while you are in the park.
8. While you are in the park, do you have any food with you? [Topic Area 2 – Trip/Visit Characteristics]
O yes
If yes, where do you keep that food?
O in my vehicle
O in my backpack or picnic basket
O at my campsite/picnic table
O in my tent
O no
skip to #9
O DK/NA
8a. What kind of food do you have with you? (check all that apply) [Topic Area 2 – Trip/Visit Characteristics]
O drinks
O snacks
O food for meals
O pet food
O other ______________________________
9. When you are not eating or preparing a meal, how do you store your food when you are at your campsite/
picnic table? (check all that apply) [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O in the car
O on the table/campsite area
O in the food storage lockers (Bear Boxes)
O in the tent
O other ______________________________
O DK/ NA
10. How do you store your food when you are not at your campsite/picnic table? (check all that apply)
[Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O in the car
O on the table/campsite area
O in the food storage lockers (Bear Boxes)
O in the tent
O other ______________________________
O DK/ NA
11. (If 9 or 10 answered “food storage lockers,” SKIP)
Do you know what the park service’s food storage lockers (Bear Box) are? [Topic Area 1 – Individual
Characteristics]
O yes
O no
O no, never seen one
skip to #13
O DK/NA

2

12. Where is the closest park food storage locker (Bear Box) to this site? [Topic Area 6 – Individual
Perceptions of their park Experiences]
O identifies location
O after some time, identifies location
O misidentifies location (e.g., identifies a trash container)
O DK/NA
BELIEFS ABOUT FOOD STORAGE
13. Whether you are in a tent or an RV or just picnicking, we want to know what you think the park’s policy is on
food storage. According to the park, which of the following can be kept in a tent overnight? (read list; mark
as many as affirmed) [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O Snacks
O Uncooked food in its original wrapping/packaging
O Dry dog food
O Clean dishes
O Canned drinks (unopened)
O Pet food bowls
O Water bottles
O Toiletries
O Any food in a cooler
O None of the above
O Cook stove
O DK/NA
14. This is the last set of food storage questions. Just tell me whether you strongly agree, agree
somewhat, are neutral, disagree somewhat, strongly disagree or don’t know for the following
statements. [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Strongly
Agree
Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Disagree
a. I/we always store my/our food when not in
use in a bear resistant container or in the
car.
b. Garbage must be stored in the same
manner as food, or placed in bearresistant trashcans.
c. Personal products such as soap,
deodorant, toothpaste, sunscreen, and
bug spray do not have to be stored in bear
safety containers or the car.
d. Wash tubs/basin/dishes must be stored in
the same manner as food.
e. When I store food in the car, I can leave
the windows cracked for one inch or less
for ventilation.
f. When out on a hike, I still need to be
concerned about smells from any food I
carry.

DK/
NA

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

3

BEAR AWARE QUESTIONS

Now I want to ask you some questions about the park’s Be Bear Aware program. Grand Teton National
Park has been trying to educate visitors about safe and responsible recreation in bear country. We want
to know how much you might know about this program and its message. There is no right or wrong
answer; the best answer is one that tells us what you really remember. The rest of this survey will take
about five minutes.
15. When planning your trip to the park, did you access the web site for Grand Teton National Park or
some other website? [2. Variation TPLAN11]
O yes, I accessed the Grand Teton National Park website
O I accessed another website (if so, which one ___________________________________________)
O no, I didn’t access a website
O no, I didn’t know about it
skip to #16
O I didn’t actually plan to stop here at Grand Teton
O DK/NA
15a. Did you read any of the information on proper food storage on that web site? [Topic Area 3,
Individual Activities and Uses of Park Resources] [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities &
Uses of Park Resources]
O yes
O no
O didn’t notice it on the site
O DK/NA
16. Did you receive any printed material when you entered the park regarding safe and responsible
recreation in bear country? [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O yes
O no, I already had copies of the information
O no
skip to #17
O DK/NA
16a. Did you read that material? ? [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park
Resources]
O yes, I read all of it
O yes, I read some of it
O I haven’t gotten around to reading it yet
O I didn’t read the parts about bear awareness
O I haven’t read any of it
O DK/NA
17. Did you receive any printed material when you entered the campground or picnic area regarding safe and
responsible recreation in bear country? [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O yes
O no, I already had copies of the information
O no
skip to #18
O DK/NA

4

17a. Did you read that material? [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O yes, I read all of it
O yes, I read some of it
O I haven’t gotten around to reading it yet
O I didn’t read the parts about bear awareness
O I haven’t read any of it
O DK/NA
18. Did you receive a spoken explanation about the importance of safe and responsible recreation in bear
country? [Topic Area 3 – Individual Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O yes
O a little
O no
skip to #19
O DK/NA
18a. Where did you receive that explanation? (read list; check all that apply) [Topic Area 3 – Individual
Activities & Uses of Park Resources]
O it was in a campfire program
O it was at campground registration
O from a ranger on patrol
O campground host/concessionaire on patrol
O at the visitor center
O other ________________________________________________________
O DK/NA
BEAR AWARE and SAFETY
19. There are many different Bear Aware signs you might have seen on this trip. Not everybody sees
every sign, so as I show you a sign, please let me know whether you remember seeing this sign on
this trip to Grand Teton National Park. [Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park
Experiences] (INTERVIEWER SHOWS CARDS WITH SIGNS TO RESPONDENT)

DK

No

Yes

a. Footprint – Be Bear Aware

O

O

O

b. Warning – BEAR Frequenting Area

O

O

O

c. Be Bear Aware – Food and Odors
Attract Bears

O

O

O

d. You Can Help Save a Bear

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

e. Warning – Trail closed due to Bear
activity
f. Be Bear Aware – Food Storage
Required

5

If YES, where did you see it?

DK

How many
times?

DK

20. Now I have a few statements about safety in bear country. Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree
somewhat, are neutral, disagree somewhat, or strongly disagree or don’t know with the following statements.
[Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park Experiences]
Strongly
Agree
Disagree
Strongly DK/
Agree
Somewhat Neutral Somewhat Disagree NA
a. I have read so much about bears that I
think that I am able to predict when a
O
O
O
O
O
O
bear will turn aggressive.
b. Black bears are not a threat to humans.
c. If a bear approaches a person, a good
strategy to distract the bear is dropping
food or a backpack
d. Grizzly bears live in Grand Teton
National Park.
e. Running away from a bear can cause
an aggressive response in the bear.
f. It is unlikely that a bear will enter this
campground or picnic area while people
are here.
g. Bears only move around at night.

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

21. Lots of people have told us that they get information about safety in bear country from a variety of
sources. Of all the information you have received on safety in bear country, which source had the
greatest impression? [Topic Area 7 – Individual Opinions on Park Management]
O didn’t get any information
OR
O Grand Teton National Park website
O other Grand Teton National Park material (Teewinot newspaper, handouts, signs)
O talking with park personnel (verbal)
O talking with friends or family member
O TV program
O other _________________________________________________________

22. How many times have you actually seen a bear roaming freely? _______________ (If none, SKIP to
25)
[Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park Experiences]
23. How many times have you seen a bear in Grand Teton National Park? ________________
[Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park Experiences]
24. Have you ever had an encounter with a bear, other than seeing a bear from a long distance away?
(e.g. the bear walked near or through your campsite, had damaged property while you were asleep or
away from the campsite, etc.) [Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park Experiences]
O yes
O no, but someone I know did (e.g., family member or friend)
O no
O DK/NA

6

24a. Could you describe that encounter? [Topic Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park
Experiences]
For example, where did it happen? How long did it last?

PROBE THEN RECORD: How would you characterize the encounter? For example, where
you scared? Excited? Happy? _________________________________________ [Topic
Area 6 – Individual Perceptions of their Park Experiences]

DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS
I just have a few questions to ask about you so that we can make certain we have a representative
sample.
25. In what year were you born? ____________ [1. AGE1]
26. What is the highest level of education you have completed? [1. ED1]
O Some high school
O High school diploma/GED
O Some college or tech school
O Bachelor’s degree
O Graduate degree
27. Where do you live? [1. RES1]
City __________________________________ State _____ ZIP ______________’
Country (if not US)___________________________________________________
28. RECORD GENDER (do not ask)

O Male

O Female

THANK YOU so much for your help. Is there anything else you would like to tell us about your visit to
Grand Teton National Park ? [6. OPMGMT7]

7

*Additional Information Provided upon Request.
16 U.S.C. 1a-7 authorizes collection of this information. This information will be used by park managers to better
serve the public. Response to this request is voluntary. No action may be taken against you for refusing to supply the
information requested. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a
collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number.
BURDEN ESTIMATE STATEMENT: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 12 minutes
per response. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this form to:
Sue Consolo-Murphy
Chief, Science and Resource Management
Grand Teton National Park
PO Drawer 170
Moose, WY 83012
Phone 307-739-3481
[email protected]

8

GRTE “Be Bear Aware” SURVEY LOG
Date: ____________________
ID
Number

Time of
Contact

Refused

Previously
Sampled

Type of
Site

Weather: ___________________________
Location

Food Compliance Y/N:
comments?

Age
18?

Interviewer ____________________________
Year
Born

Education

State

M/F

Comments/Reason for refusal
(language, time, etc.)

Type of site – campground; group campground; picnic area
Location – campground areas: Gros Ventre; South Jenny Lake; Signal Mountain; Colter Bay; Lizard Creek; Grassy Meadows
Picnic areas: Moose, Taggart, Jenny, String, Turnaround, Signal, Chapel, Dam, Colter, Leeks, Arizona Island – and about three more.