Bioterrorism Act

Attachment A
PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY AND
BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE ACT OF 2002

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116 STAT. 594

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

Public Law 107–188
107th Congress
An Act
June 12, 2002
[H.R. 3448]
Public Health
Security and
Bioterrorism
Preparedness
and Response Act
of 2002.
42 USC 201 note.

To improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond
to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Public Health
Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002’’.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of the Act
is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I—NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS FOR BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES
Subtitle A—National Preparedness and Response Planning, Coordinating, and
Reporting
Sec. 101. National preparedness and response.
Sec. 102. Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness; National
Disaster Medical System.
Sec. 103. Improving ability of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Sec. 104. Advisory committees and communications; study regarding communications abilities of public health agencies.
Sec. 105. Education of health care personnel; training regarding pediatric issues.
Sec. 106. Grants regarding shortages of certain health professionals.
Sec. 107. Emergency system for advance registration of health professions volunteers.
Sec. 108. Working group.
Sec. 109. Antimicrobial resistance.
Sec. 110. Supplies and services in lieu of award funds.
Sec. 111. Additional amendments.
Subtitle B—Strategic National Stockpile; Development of Priority Countermeasures
Sec. 121. Strategic national stockpile.
Sec. 122. Accelerated approval of priority countermeasures.
Sec. 123. Issuance of rule on animal trials.
Sec. 124. Security for countermeasure development and production.
Sec. 125. Accelerated countermeasure research and development.
Sec. 126. Evaluation of new and emerging technologies regarding bioterrorist
attack and other public health emergencies.
Sec. 127. Potassium iodide.
Subtitle C—Improving State, Local, and Hospital Preparedness for and Response to
Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergencies
Sec. 131. Grants to improve State, local, and hospital preparedness for and
response to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies.
Subtitle D—Emergency Authorities; Additional Provisions
Sec. 141. Reporting deadlines.
Sec. 142. Streamlining and clarifying communicable disease quarantine provisions.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 595

Sec. 143. Emergency waiver of Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP requirements.
Sec. 144. Provision for expiration of public health emergencies.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

151.
152.
153.
154.

Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

155.
156.
157.
158.
159.

Subtitle E—Additional Provisions
Designated State public emergency announcement plan.
Expanded research by Secretary of Energy.
Expanded research on worker health and safety.
Enhancement of emergency preparedness of Department of Veterans
Affairs.
Reauthorization of existing program.
Sense of Congress.
General Accounting Office report.
Certain awards.
Public access defibrillation programs and public access defibrillation
demonstration projects.

TITLE II—ENHANCING CONTROLS ON DANGEROUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
AND TOXINS
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

201.
202.
203.
204.

Subtitle A—Department of Health and Human Services
Regulation of certain biological agents and toxins.
Implementation by Department of Health and Human Services.
Effective dates.
Conforming amendment.

Subtitle B—Department of Agriculture
Sec. 211. Short title.
Sec. 212. Regulation of certain biological agents and toxins.
Sec. 213. Implementation by Department of Agriculture.
Subtitle C—Interagency Coordination Regarding Overlap Agents and Toxins
Sec. 221. Interagency coordination.
Subtitle D—Criminal Penalties Regarding Certain Biological Agents and Toxins
Sec. 231. Criminal penalties.
TITLE III—PROTECTING SAFETY AND SECURITY OF FOOD AND DRUG
SUPPLY
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.

Subtitle A—Protection of Food Supply
Food safety and security strategy.
Protection against adulteration of food.
Administrative detention.
Debarment for repeated or serious food import violations.
Registration of food facilities.
Maintenance and inspection of records for foods.
Prior notice of imported food shipments.
Authority to mark articles refused admission into United States.
Prohibition against port shopping.
Notices to States regarding imported food.
Grants to States for inspections.
Surveillance and information grants and authorities.
Surveillance of zoonotic diseases.
Authority to commission other Federal officials to conduct inspections.
Rule of construction.

Subtitle B—Protection of Drug Supply
Sec. 321. Annual registration of foreign manufacturers; shipping information; drug
and device listing.
Sec. 322. Requirement of additional information regarding import components
intended for use in export products.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

Subtitle C—General Provisions Relating to Upgrade of Agricultural Security
331. Expansion of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service activities.
332. Expansion of Food Safety Inspection Service activities.
333. Biosecurity upgrades at the Department of Agriculture.
334. Agricultural biosecurity.
335. Agricultural bioterrorism research and development.
336. Animal enterprise terrorism penalties.

TITLE IV—DRINKING WATER SECURITY AND SAFETY
Sec. 401. Terrorist and other intentional acts.

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116 STAT. 596

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

Sec. 402. Other Safe Drinking Water Act amendments.
Sec. 403. Miscellaneous and technical amendments.
TITLE V—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
Subtitle A—Prescription Drug User Fees
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.
Sec.

501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.

Short title.
Findings.
Definitions.
Authority to assess and use drug fees.
Accountability and reports.
Reports of postmarketing studies.
Savings clause.
Effective date.
Sunset clause.

Subtitle B—Funding Provisions Regarding Food and Drug Administration
Sec. 521. Office of Drug Safety.
Sec. 522. Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising, and Communications.
Sec. 523. Office of Generic Drugs.
Subtitle C—Additional Provisions
Sec. 531. Transition to digital television.
Sec. 532. 3-year delay in lock in procedures for Medicare+Choice plans; change in
Medicare+Choice reporting deadlines and annual, coordinated election
period for 2003, 2004, and 2005.

TITLE I—NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS
FOR BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER
PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES
Subtitle A—National Preparedness and Response Planning, Coordinating, and Reporting
SEC. 101. NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following title:

‘‘TITLE XXVIII—NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS
FOR
BIOTERRORISM
AND
OTHER
PUBLIC
HEALTH
EMERGENCIES
‘‘Subtitle A—National Preparedness and
Response Planning, Coordinating, and
Reporting
42 USC 300hh.

‘‘SEC. 2801. NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS PLAN.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(1) PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE REGARDING PUBLIC
HEALTH EMERGENCIES.—The Secretary shall further develop
and implement a coordinated strategy, building upon the core
public health capabilities established pursuant to section 319A,

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 597

for carrying out health-related activities to prepare for and
respond effectively to bioterrorism and other public health
emergencies, including the preparation of a plan under this
section. The Secretary shall periodically thereafter review and,
as appropriate, revise the plan.
‘‘(2) NATIONAL APPROACH.—In carrying out paragraph (1),
the Secretary shall collaborate with the States toward the
goal of ensuring that the activities of the Secretary regarding
bioterrorism and other public health emergencies are coordinated with activities of the States, including local governments.
‘‘(3) EVALUATION OF PROGRESS.—The plan under paragraph
(1) shall provide for specific benchmarks and outcome measures
for evaluating the progress of the Secretary and the States,
including local governments, with respect to the plan under
paragraph (1), including progress toward achieving the goals
specified in subsection (b).
‘‘(b) PREPAREDNESS GOALS.—The plan under subsection (a)
should include provisions in furtherance of the following:
‘‘(1) Providing effective assistance to State and local governments in the event of bioterrorism or other public health emergency.
‘‘(2) Ensuring that State and local governments have appropriate capacity to detect and respond effectively to such emergencies, including capacities for the following:
‘‘(A) Effective public health surveillance and reporting
mechanisms at the State and local levels.
‘‘(B) Appropriate laboratory readiness.
‘‘(C) Properly trained and equipped emergency
response, public health, and medical personnel.
‘‘(D) Health and safety protection of workers
responding to such an emergency.
‘‘(E) Public health agencies that are prepared to coordinate health services (including mental health services)
during and after such emergencies.
‘‘(F) Participation in communications networks that can
effectively disseminate relevant information in a timely
and secure manner to appropriate public and private entities and to the public.
‘‘(3) Developing and maintaining medical countermeasures
(such as drugs, vaccines and other biological products, medical
devices, and other supplies) against biological agents and toxins
that may be involved in such emergencies.
‘‘(4) Ensuring coordination and minimizing duplication of
Federal, State, and local planning, preparedness, and response
activities, including during the investigation of a suspicious
disease outbreak or other potential public health emergency.
‘‘(5) Enhancing the readiness of hospitals and other health
care facilities to respond effectively to such emergencies.
‘‘(c) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date
of the enactment of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy
and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate,
a report concerning progress with respect to the plan under

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116 STAT. 598

42 USC 247d–6
note.
Deadline.

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subsection (a), including progress toward achieving the goals
specified in subsection (b).
‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY.—Reports submitted under
paragraph (1) by the Secretary (other than the first report)
shall make recommendations concerning—
‘‘(A) any additional legislative authority that the Secretary determines is necessary for fully implementing the
plan under subsection (a), including meeting the goals
under subsection (b); and
‘‘(B) any additional legislative authority that the Secretary determines is necessary under section 319 to protect
the public health in the event of an emergency described
in section 319(a).
‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section may not be construed as expanding or limiting any of the authorities of the Secretary that, on the day before the date of the enactment of the
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and
Response Act of 2002, were in effect with respect to preparing
for and responding effectively to bioterrorism and other public
health emergencies.’’.
(b) OTHER REPORTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee
on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, a
report concerning—
(A) the recommendations and findings of the National
Advisory Committee on Children and Terrorism under section 319F(c)(2) of the Public Health Service Act;
(B) the recommendations and findings of the EPIC
Advisory Committee under section 319F(c)(3) of such Act;
(C) the characteristics that may render a rural community uniquely vulnerable to a biological attack, including
distance, lack of emergency transport, hospital or laboratory capacity, lack of integration of Federal or State public
health networks, workforce deficits, or other relevant
characteristics;
(D) the characteristics that may render areas or populations designated as medically underserved populations
(as defined in section 330 of such Act) uniquely vulnerable
to a biological attack, including significant numbers of lowincome or uninsured individuals, lack of affordable and
accessible health care services, insufficient public and primary health care resources, lack of integration of Federal
or State public health networks, workforce deficits, or other
relevant characteristics;
(E) the recommendations of the Secretary with respect
to additional legislative authority that the Secretary determines is necessary to effectively strengthen rural communities, or medically underserved populations (as defined
in section 330 of such Act); and
(F) the need for and benefits of a National Disaster
Response Medical Volunteer Service that would be a private-sector, community-based rapid response corps of medical volunteers.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
(2) STUDY
METHODS.—The

REGARDING

LOCAL

EMERGENCY

116 STAT. 599
RESPONSE

Secretary shall conduct a study of effective
methods for the provision of emergency response services
through local governments (including through private response
contractors and volunteers of such governments) in a consistent
manner in response to acts of bioterrorism or other public
health emergencies. Not later than 180 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,
and Pensions of the Senate, a report describing the findings
of the study.

Deadline.
Reports.

SEC. 102. ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS; NATIONAL DISASTER MEDICAL SYSTEM.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Title XXVIII of the Public Health Service
Act, as added by section 101 of this Act, is amended by adding
at the end the following subtitle:

‘‘Subtitle B—Emergency Preparedness and
Response
‘‘SEC. 2811. COORDINATION OF PREPAREDNESS FOR AND RESPONSE
TO BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

‘‘(a) ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established within the Department of Health and Human Services the position of Assistant
Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness. The
President shall appoint an individual to serve in such position.
Such Assistant Secretary shall report to the Secretary.
‘‘(2) DUTIES.—Subject to the authority of the Secretary,
the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness shall carry out the following duties with respect to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies:
‘‘(A) Coordinate on behalf of the Secretary—
‘‘(i) interagency interfaces between the Department
of Health and Human Services (referred to in this
paragraph as the ‘Department’) and other departments,
agencies, and offices of the United States; and
‘‘(ii) interfaces between the Department and State
and local entities with responsibility for emergency
preparedness.
‘‘(B) Coordinate the operations of the National Disaster
Medical System and any other emergency response activities within the Department of Health and Human Services
that are related to bioterrorism and other public health
emergencies.
‘‘(C) Coordinate the efforts of the Department to bolster
State and local emergency preparedness for a bioterrorist
attack or other public health emergency, and evaluate the
progress of such entities in meeting the benchmarks and
other outcome measures contained in the national plan
and in meeting the core public health capabilities established pursuant to 319A.

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42 USC
300hh–11.

Establishment.
President.

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116 STAT. 600

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
‘‘(D) Any other duties determined appropriate by the
Secretary.
‘‘(b) NATIONAL DISASTER MEDICAL SYSTEM.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the operation in accordance with this section of a system to be known
as the National Disaster Medical System. The Secretary shall
designate the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency
Preparedness as the head of the National Disaster Medical
System, subject to the authority of the Secretary.
‘‘(2) FEDERAL AND STATE COLLABORATIVE SYSTEM.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The National Disaster Medical
System shall be a coordinated effort by the Federal agencies
specified in subparagraph (B), working in collaboration
with the States and other appropriate public or private
entities, to carry out the purposes described in paragraph
(3).
‘‘(B) PARTICIPATING FEDERAL AGENCIES.—The Federal
agencies referred to in subparagraph (A) are the Department of Health and Human Services, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Department of Defense,
and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
‘‘(3) PURPOSE OF SYSTEM.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may activate the
National Disaster Medical System to—
‘‘(i) provide health services, health-related social
services, other appropriate human services, and appropriate auxiliary services to respond to the needs of
victims of a public health emergency (whether or not
determined to be a public health emergency under
section 319); or
‘‘(ii) be present at locations, and for limited periods
of time, specified by the Secretary on the basis that
the Secretary has determined that a location is at
risk of a public health emergency during the time
specified.
‘‘(B) ONGOING ACTIVITIES.—The National Disaster Medical System shall carry out such ongoing activities as may
be necessary to prepare for the provision of services
described in subparagraph (A) in the event that the Secretary activates the National Disaster Medical System for
such purposes.
‘‘(C) TEST FOR MOBILIZATION OF SYSTEM.—During the
one-year period beginning on the date of the enactment
of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, the Secretary shall conduct
an exercise to test the capability and timeliness of the
National Disaster Medical System to mobilize and otherwise respond effectively to a bioterrorist attack or other
public health emergency that affects two or more
geographic locations concurrently. Thereafter, the Secretary
may periodically conduct such exercises regarding the
National Disaster Medical System as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
‘‘(c) CRITERIA.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish criteria
for the operation of the National Disaster Medical System.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 601

‘‘(2) PARTICIPATION AGREEMENTS FOR NON-FEDERAL ENTIcarrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish criteria regarding the participation of States and private
entities in the National Disaster Medical System, including
criteria regarding agreements for such participation. The criteria shall include the following:
‘‘(A) Provisions relating to the custody and use of Federal personal property by such entities, which may in the
discretion of the Secretary include authorizing the custody
and use of such property to respond to emergency situations
for which the National Disaster Medical System has not
been activated by the Secretary pursuant to subsection
(b)(3)(A). Any such custody and use of Federal personal
property shall be on a reimbursable basis.
‘‘(B) Provisions relating to circumstances in which an
individual or entity has agreements with both the National
Disaster Medical System and another entity regarding the
provision of emergency services by the individual. Such
provisions shall address the issue of priorities among the
agreements involved.
‘‘(d) INTERMITTENT DISASTER-RESPONSE PERSONNEL.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For the purpose of assisting the National
Disaster Medical System in carrying out duties under this
section, the Secretary may appoint individuals to serve as intermittent personnel of such System in accordance with applicable
civil service laws and regulations.
‘‘(2) LIABILITY.—For purposes of section 224(a) and the
remedies described in such section, an individual appointed
under paragraph (1) shall, while acting within the scope of
such appointment, be considered to be an employee of the
Public Health Service performing medical, surgical, dental, or
related functions. With respect to the participation of individuals appointed under paragraph (1) in training programs
authorized by the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness or a comparable official of any Federal
agency specified in subsection (b)(2)(B), acts of individuals so
appointed that are within the scope of such participation shall
be considered within the scope of the appointment under paragraph (1) (regardless of whether the individuals receive compensation for such participation).
‘‘(e) CERTAIN EMPLOYMENT ISSUES REGARDING INTERMITTENT
APPOINTMENTS.—
‘‘(1) INTERMITTENT DISASTER-RESPONSE APPOINTEE.—For
purposes of this subsection, the term ‘intermittent disasterresponse appointee’ means an individual appointed by the Secretary under subsection (d).
‘‘(2) COMPENSATION FOR WORK INJURIES.—An intermittent
disaster-response appointee shall, while acting in the scope
of such appointment, be considered to be an employee of the
Public Health Service performing medical, surgical, dental, or
related functions, and an injury sustained by such an individual
shall be deemed ‘in the performance of duty’, for purposes
of chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code, pertaining to
compensation for work injuries. With respect to the participation of individuals appointed under subsection (d) in training
programs authorized by the Assistant Secretary for Public
Health Emergency Preparedness or a comparable official of
TIES.—In

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116 STAT. 602

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

any Federal agency specified in subsection (b)(2)(B), injuries
sustained by such an individual, while acting within the scope
of such participation, also shall be deemed ‘in the performance
of duty’ for purposes of chapter 81 of title 5, United States
Code (regardless of whether the individuals receive compensation for such participation). In the event of an injury to such
an intermittent disaster-response appointee, the Secretary of
Labor shall be responsible for making determinations as to
whether the claimant is entitled to compensation or other benefits in accordance with chapter 81 of title 5, United States
Code.
‘‘(3) EMPLOYMENT AND REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Service as an intermittent disasterresponse appointee when the Secretary activates the
National Disaster Medical System or when the individual
participates in a training program authorized by the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency Preparedness
or a comparable official of any Federal agency specified
in subsection (b)(2)(B) shall be deemed ‘service in the uniformed services’ for purposes of chapter 43 of title 38,
United States Code, pertaining to employment and
reemployment rights of individuals who have performed
service in the uniformed services (regardless of whether
the individual receives compensation for such participation). All rights and obligations of such persons and procedures for assistance, enforcement, and investigation shall
be as provided for in chapter 43 of title 38, United States
Code.
‘‘(B) NOTICE OF ABSENCE FROM POSITION OF EMPLOYMENT.—Preclusion of giving notice of service by necessity
of Service as an intermittent disaster-response appointee
when the Secretary activates the National Disaster Medical
System shall be deemed preclusion by ‘military necessity’
for purposes of section 4312(b) of title 38, United States
Code, pertaining to giving notice of absence from a position
of employment. A determination of such necessity shall
be made by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, and shall not be subject to judicial
review.
‘‘(4) LIMITATION.—An intermittent disaster-response
appointee shall not be deemed an employee of the Department
of Health and Human Services for purposes other than those
specifically set forth in this section.
‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING USE OF COMMISSIONED
CORPS.—If the Secretary assigns commissioned officers of the Regular or Reserve Corps to serve with the National Disaster Medical
System, such assignments do not affect the terms and conditions
of their appointments as commissioned officers of the Regular or
Reserve Corps, respectively (including with respect to pay and
allowances, retirement, benefits, rights, privileges, and immunities).
‘‘(g) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘auxiliary services’ includes mortuary services, veterinary services, and
other services that are determined by the Secretary to be appropriate with respect to the needs referred to in subsection (b)(3)(A).
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
providing for the Assistant Secretary for Public Health Emergency
Preparedness and the operations of the National Disaster Medical

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 603

System, other than purposes for which amounts in the Public Health
Emergency Fund under section 319 are available, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each
of the fiscal years 2002 through 2006.’’.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING RESOURCES OF NATIONAL
DISASTER MEDICAL SYSTEM.—It is the sense of the Congress that
the Secretary of Health and Human Services should provide sufficient resources to entities tasked to carry out the duties of the
National Disaster Medical System for reimbursement of expenses,
operations, purchase and maintenance of equipment, training, and
other funds expended in furtherance of the National Disaster Medical System.
SEC. 103. IMPROVING ABILITY OF CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
AND PREVENTION.

Section 319D of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–
4) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘SEC. 319D. REVITALIZING THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND
PREVENTION.

‘‘(a) FACILITIES; CAPACITIES.—
‘‘(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention has an essential role in defending
against and combatting public health threats and requires
secure and modern facilities, and expanded and improved
capabilities related to bioterrorism and other public health
emergencies, sufficient to enable such Centers to conduct this
important mission.
‘‘(2) FACILITIES.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may design, construct, and
equip new facilities, renovate existing facilities (including
laboratories, laboratory support buildings, scientific
communication facilities, transshipment complexes, secured
and isolated parking structures, office buildings, and other
facilities and infrastructure), and upgrade security of such
facilities, in order to better conduct the capacities described
in section 319A, and for supporting public health activities.
‘‘(B) MULTIYEAR CONTRACTING AUTHORITY.—For any
project of designing, constructing, equipping, or renovating
any facility under subparagraph (A), the Director of the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may enter
into a single contract or related contracts that collectively
include the full scope of the project, and the solicitation
and contract shall contain the clause ‘availability of funds’
found at section 52.232–18 of title 48, Code of Federal
Regulations.
‘‘(3) IMPROVING THE CAPACITIES OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION.—The Secretary, taking into
account evaluations under section 319B(a), shall expand,
enhance, and improve the capabilities of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention relating to preparedness for and
responding effectively to bioterrorism and other public health
emergencies. Activities that may be carried out under the preceding sentence include—
‘‘(A) expanding or enhancing the training of personnel;
‘‘(B) improving communications facilities and networks,
including delivery of necessary information to rural areas;

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116 STAT. 604

Deadline.

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‘‘(C) improving capabilities for public health surveillance and reporting activities, taking into account the
integrated system or systems of public health alert communications and surveillance networks under subsection (b);
and
‘‘(D) improving laboratory facilities related to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies, including
increasing the security of such facilities.
‘‘(b) NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AND SURVEILLANCE NETWORKS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, directly or through
awards of grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, shall
provide for the establishment of an integrated system or systems of public health alert communications and surveillance
networks between and among—
‘‘(A) Federal, State, and local public health officials;
‘‘(B) public and private health-related laboratories, hospitals, and other health care facilities; and
‘‘(C) any other entities determined appropriate by the
Secretary.
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary shall ensure that networks under paragraph (1) allow for the timely sharing and
discussion, in a secure manner, of essential information concerning bioterrorism or another public health emergency, or
recommended methods for responding to such an attack or
emergency.
‘‘(3) STANDARDS.—Not later than one year after the date
of the enactment of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, the Secretary, in
cooperation with health care providers and State and local
public health officials, shall establish any additional technical
and reporting standards (including standards for interoperability) for networks under paragraph (1).
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
‘‘(1) FACILITIES; CAPACITIES.—
‘‘(A) FACILITIES.—For the purpose of carrying out subsection (a)(2), there are authorized to be appropriated
$300,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2002 and 2003,
and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal
years 2004 through 2006.
‘‘(B) MISSION; IMPROVING CAPACITIES.—For the purposes of achieving the mission of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention described in subsection (a)(1), for
carrying out subsection (a)(3), for better conducting the
capacities described in section 319A, and for supporting
public health activities, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the
fiscal years 2002 through 2006.
‘‘(2) NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AND SURVEILLANCE NETWORKS.—For the purpose of carrying out subsection (b), there
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2002 through 2006.’’.

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116 STAT. 605

SEC. 104. ADVISORY COMMITTEES AND COMMUNICATIONS; STUDY
REGARDING COMMUNICATIONS ABILITIES OF PUBLIC
HEALTH AGENCIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319F of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–6) is amended—
(1) by striking subsections (b) and (i);
(2) by redesignating subsections (c) through (h) as subsections (e) through (j), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following subsections:
‘‘(b) ADVICE TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.—
‘‘(1) REQUIRED ADVISORY COMMITTEES.—In coordination
with the working group under subsection (a), the Secretary
shall establish advisory committees in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) to provide expert recommendations to assist
such working groups in carrying out their respective responsibilities under subsections (a) and (b).
‘‘(2) NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CHILDREN AND TERRORISM.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to be
known as the National Advisory Committee on Children
and Terrorism (referred to in this paragraph as the
‘Advisory Committee’).
‘‘(B) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall provide
recommendations regarding—
‘‘(i) the preparedness of the health care (including
mental health care) system to respond to bioterrorism
as it relates to children;
‘‘(ii) needed changes to the health care and emergency medical service systems and emergency medical
services protocols to meet the special needs of children;
and
‘‘(iii) changes, if necessary, to the national stockpile
under section 121 of the Public Health Security and
Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
to meet the emergency health security of children.
‘‘(C) COMPOSITION.—The Advisory Committee shall be
composed of such Federal officials as may be appropriate
to address the special needs of the diverse population
groups of children, and child health experts on infectious
disease, environmental health, toxicology, and other relevant professional disciplines.
‘‘(D) TERMINATION.—The Advisory Committee terminates one year after the date of the enactment of the
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and
Response Act of 2002.
‘‘(3) EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to be
known as the Emergency Public Information and Communications Advisory Committee (referred to in this paragraph as the ‘EPIC Advisory Committee’).
‘‘(B) DUTIES.—The EPIC Advisory Committee shall
make recommendations to the Secretary and the working
group under subsection (a) and report on appropriate ways

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116 STAT. 606

42 USC 247d–6
note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

to communicate public health information regarding bioterrorism and other public health emergencies to the public.
‘‘(C) COMPOSITION.—The EPIC Advisory Committee
shall be composed of individuals representing a diverse
group of experts in public health, medicine, communications, behavioral psychology, and other areas determined
appropriate by the Secretary.
‘‘(D) DISSEMINATION.—The Secretary shall review the
recommendations of the EPIC Advisory Committee and
ensure that appropriate information is disseminated to the
public.
‘‘(E) TERMINATION.—The EPIC Advisory Committee
terminates one year after the date of the enactment of
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and
Response Act of 2002.
‘‘(c) STRATEGY FOR COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATION
REGARDING BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.—In coordination with working group under subsection
(a), the Secretary shall develop a strategy for effectively communicating information regarding bioterrorism and other public health
emergencies, and shall develop means by which to communicate
such information. The Secretary may carry out the preceding sentence directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements.
‘‘(d) RECOMMENDATION OF CONGRESS REGARDING OFFICIAL FEDERAL INTERNET SITE ON BIOTERRORISM.—It is the recommendation
of Congress that there should be established an official Federal
Internet site on bioterrorism, either directly or through provision
of a grant to an entity that has expertise in bioterrorism and
the development of websites, that should include information relevant to diverse populations (including messages directed at the
general public and such relevant groups as medical personnel,
public safety workers, and agricultural workers) and links to appropriate State and local government sites.’’.
(b) STUDY REGARDING COMMUNICATIONS ABILITIES OF PUBLIC
HEALTH AGENCIES.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services,
in consultation with the Federal Communications Commission, the
National Telecommunications and Information Administration, and
other appropriate Federal agencies, shall conduct a study to determine whether local public health entities have the ability to maintain communications in the event of a bioterrorist attack or other
public health emergency. The study shall examine whether
redundancies are required in the telecommunications system,
particularly with respect to mobile communications, for public
health entities to maintain systems operability and connectivity
during such emergencies. The study shall also include recommendations to industry and public health entities about how to implement
such redundancies if necessary.
SEC. 105. EDUCATION OF HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; TRAINING
REGARDING PEDIATRIC ISSUES.

42 USC 247d–6.

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Section 319F(g) of the Public Health Service Act, as redesignated by section 104(a)(2) of this Act, is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(g) EDUCATION; TRAINING REGARDING PEDIATRIC ISSUES.—
‘‘(1) MATERIALS; CORE CURRICULUM.—The Secretary, in
collaboration with members of the working group described

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 607

in subsection (b), and professional organizations and societies,
shall—
‘‘(A) develop materials for teaching the elements of
a core curriculum for the recognition and identification
of potential bioweapons and other agents that may create
a public health emergency, and for the care of victims
of such emergencies, recognizing the special needs of children and other vulnerable populations, to public health
officials, medical professionals, emergency physicians and
other emergency department staff, laboratory personnel,
and other personnel working in health care facilities
(including poison control centers);
‘‘(B) develop a core curriculum and materials for
community-wide planning by State and local governments,
hospitals and other health care facilities, emergency
response units, and appropriate public and private sector
entities to respond to a bioterrorist attack or other public
health emergency;
‘‘(C) develop materials for proficiency testing of laboratory and other public health personnel for the recognition
and identification of potential bioweapons and other agents
that may create a public health emergency; and
‘‘(D) provide for dissemination and teaching of the
materials described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) by
appropriate means, which may include telemedicine, longdistance learning, or other such means.
‘‘(2) CERTAIN ENTITIES.—The entities through which education and training activities described in paragraph (1) may
be carried out include Public Health Preparedness Centers,
the Public Health Service’s Noble Training Center, the
Emerging Infections Program, the Epidemic Intelligence
Service, the Public Health Leadership Institute, multi-State,
multi-institutional consortia, other appropriate educational
entities, professional organizations and societies, private accrediting organizations, and other nonprofit institutions or entities
meeting criteria established by the Secretary.
‘‘(3) GRANTS AND CONTRACTS.—In carrying out paragraph
(1), the Secretary may carry out activities directly and through
the award of grants and contracts, and may enter into interagency cooperative agreements with other Federal agencies.
‘‘(4) HEALTH-RELATED ASSISTANCE FOR EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PERSONNEL TRAINING.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, may provide technical assistance with respect to health-related aspects of emergency
response personnel training carried out by the Department
of Justice and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.’’.
SEC. 106. GRANTS REGARDING SHORTAGES OF CERTAIN HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
243 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 319G the following
section:
‘‘SEC. 319H. GRANTS REGARDING TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF CERTAIN HEALTH PROFESSIONALS.

42 USC 247d–7a.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may make awards of grants
and cooperative agreements to appropriate public and nonprofit

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116 STAT. 608

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

private health or educational entities, including health professions
schools and programs as defined in section 799B, for the purpose
of providing low-interest loans, partial scholarships, partial fellowships, revolving loan funds, or other cost-sharing forms of assistance
for the education and training of individuals in any category of
health professions for which there is a shortage that the Secretary
determines should be alleviated in order to prepare for or respond
effectively to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies.
‘‘(b) AUTHORITY REGARDING NON-FEDERAL CONTRIBUTIONS.—
The Secretary may require as a condition of an award under subsection (a) that a grantee under such subsection provide non-Federal
contributions toward the purpose described in such subsection.
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2002
through 2006.’’.
SEC. 107. EMERGENCY SYSTEM FOR ADVANCE REGISTRATION OF
HEALTH PROFESSIONS VOLUNTEERS.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act, as amended
by section 106 of this Act, is amended by inserting after section
319H the following section:
42 USC 247d–7b.

‘‘SEC. 319I. EMERGENCY SYSTEM FOR ADVANCE REGISTRATION OF
HEALTH PROFESSIONS VOLUNTEERS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, directly or through an
award of a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, establish
and maintain a system for the advance registration of health professionals for the purpose of verifying the credentials, licenses, accreditations, and hospital privileges of such professionals when, during
public health emergencies, the professionals volunteer to provide
health services (referred to in this section as the ‘verification
system’). In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Secretary
shall provide for an electronic database for the verification system.
‘‘(b) CERTAIN CRITERIA.—The Secretary shall establish provisions regarding the promptness and efficiency of the system in
collecting, storing, updating, and disseminating information on the
credentials, licenses, accreditations, and hospital privileges of volunteers described in subsection (a).
‘‘(c) OTHER ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary may make grants and
provide technical assistance to States and other public or nonprofit
private entities for activities relating to the verification system
developed under subsection (a).
‘‘(d) COORDINATION AMONG STATES.—The Secretary may
encourage each State to provide legal authority during a public
health emergency for health professionals authorized in another
State to provide certain health services to provide such health
services in the State.
‘‘(e) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section may not be construed as authorizing the Secretary to issue requirements regarding
the provision by the States of credentials, licenses, accreditations,
or hospital privileges.
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary
for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006.’’.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 609

SEC. 108. WORKING GROUP.

Section 319F of the Public Health Service Act, as amended
by section 104(a), is amended by striking subsection (a) and
inserting the following:
‘‘(a) WORKING GROUP ON BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC
HEALTH EMERGENCIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination with the
Secretary of Agriculture, the Attorney General, the Director
of Central Intelligence, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary
of Energy, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency, the Director of the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Veterans
Affairs, and with other similar Federal officials as determined
appropriate, shall establish a working group on the prevention,
preparedness, and response to bioterrorism and other public
health emergencies. Such joint working group, or subcommittees thereof, shall meet periodically for the purpose of consultation on, assisting in, and making recommendations on—
‘‘(A) responding to a bioterrorist attack, including the
provision of appropriate safety and health training and
protective measures for medical, emergency service, and
other personnel responding to such attacks;
‘‘(B) prioritizing countermeasures required to treat,
prevent, or identify exposure to a biological agent or toxin
pursuant to section 351A;
‘‘(C) facilitation of the awarding of grants, contracts,
or cooperative agreements for the development, manufacture, distribution, supply-chain management, and purchase
of priority countermeasures;
‘‘(D) research on pathogens likely to be used in a
biological threat or attack on the civilian population;
‘‘(E) development of shared standards for equipment
to detect and to protect against biological agents and toxins;
‘‘(F) assessment of the priorities for and enhancement
of the preparedness of public health institutions, providers
of medical care, and other emergency service personnel
(including firefighters) to detect, diagnose, and respond
(including mental health response) to a biological threat
or attack;
‘‘(G) in the recognition that medical and public health
professionals are likely to provide much of the first response
to such an attack, development and enhancement of the
quality of joint planning and training programs that
address the public health and medical consequences of
a biological threat or attack on the civilian population
between—
‘‘(i) local firefighters, ambulance personnel, police
and public security officers, or other emergency
response personnel (including private response contractors); and
‘‘(ii) hospitals, primary care facilities, and public
health agencies;
‘‘(H) development of strategies for Federal, State, and
local agencies to communicate information to the public
regarding biological threats or attacks;

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116 STAT. 610

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
‘‘(I) ensuring that the activities under this subsection
address the health security needs of children and other
vulnerable populations;
‘‘(J) strategies for decontaminating facilities contaminated as a result of a biological attack, including appropriate protections for the safety of workers conducting such
activities;
‘‘(K) subject to compliance with other provisions of
Federal law, clarifying the responsibilities among Federal
officials for the investigation of suspicious outbreaks of
disease and other potential public health emergencies, and
for related revisions of the interagency plan known as
the Federal response plan; and
‘‘(L) in consultation with the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration and the U.S. Fire Administration,
ways to enhance coordination among Federal agencies
involved with State, local, and community based emergency
medical services, including issuing a report that—
‘‘(i) identifies needs of community-based emergency
medical services; and
‘‘(ii) identifies ways to streamline and enhance the
process through which Federal agencies support
community-based emergency medical services.
‘‘(2) CONSULTATION WITH EXPERTS.—In carrying out subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (1), the working group
under such paragraph shall consult with the pharmaceutical,
biotechnology, and medical device industries, and other appropriate experts.
‘‘(3) USE OF SUBCOMMITTEES REGARDING CONSULTATION
REQUIREMENTS.—With respect to a requirement under law that
the working group under paragraph (1) be consulted on a
matter, the working group may designate an appropriate subcommittee of the working group to engage in the consultation.
‘‘(4) DISCRETION IN EXERCISE OF DUTIES.—Determinations
made by the working group under paragraph (1) with respect
to carrying out duties under such paragraph are matters committed to agency discretion for purposes of section 701(a) of
title 5, Unites States Code.
‘‘(5) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This subsection may not be
construed as establishing new regulatory authority for any
of the officials specified in paragraph (1), or as having any
legal effect on any other provision of law, including the responsibilities and authorities of the Environmental Protection
Agency.’’.

SEC. 109. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE.

Section 319E of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–
5) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(A) by striking ‘‘shall conduct and support’’ and
inserting ‘‘shall directly or through awards of grants or
cooperative agreements to public or private entities provide
for the conduct of’’; and
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
‘‘(4) the sequencing of the genomes, or other DNA analysis,
or other comparative analysis, of priority pathogens (as determined by the Director of the National Institutes of Health

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 611

in consultation with the task force established under subsection
(a)), in collaboration and coordination with the activities of
the Department of Defense and the Joint Genome Institute
of the Department of Energy; and’’;
(2) in subsection (e)(2), by inserting after ‘‘societies,’’ the
following: ‘‘schools or programs that train medical laboratory
personnel,’’; and
(3) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘and such sums’’ and
all that follows and inserting the following: ‘‘$25,000,000 for
each of the fiscal years 2002 and 2003, and such sums as
may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2004 through
2006.’’.
SEC. 110. SUPPLIES AND SERVICES IN LIEU OF AWARD FUNDS.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act, as amended
by section 107 of this Act, is amended by inserting after section
319I the following section:
‘‘SEC. 319J. SUPPLIES AND SERVICES IN LIEU OF AWARD FUNDS.

42 USC 247d–7c.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of a recipient of an award
under any of sections 319 through 319I or section 319K, the Secretary may, subject to subsection (b), provide supplies, equipment,
and services for the purpose of aiding the recipient in carrying
out the purposes for which the award is made and, for such purposes, may detail to the recipient any officer or employee of the
Department of Health and Human Services.
‘‘(b) CORRESPONDING REDUCTION IN PAYMENTS.—With respect
to a request described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall reduce
the amount of payments under the award involved by an amount
equal to the costs of detailing personnel and the fair market value
of any supplies, equipment, or services provided by the Secretary.
The Secretary shall, for the payment of expenses incurred in complying with such request, expend the amounts withheld.’’.
SEC. 111. ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
243 et seq.) is amended—
(1) in section 319A(a)(1), by striking ‘‘10 years’’ and
inserting ‘‘five years’’;
(2) in section 319B(a), in the first sentence, by striking
‘‘10 years’’ and inserting ‘‘five years’’; and
(3) in section 391F(e)(2), as redesignated by section
104(a)(2) of this Act—
(A) by striking ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘clinic,’’; and
(B) by inserting before the period following: ‘‘, professional organization or society, school or program that trains
medical laboratory personnel, private accrediting organization, or other nonprofit private institution or entity meeting
criteria established by the Secretary’’.

42 USC 247d–1.
42 USC 247d–2.
42 USC 247d–6.

Subtitle B—Strategic National Stockpile;
Development of Priority Countermeasures
SEC. 121. STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.

42 USC
300hh–12.

(a) STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.—

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116 STAT. 612

Contracts.

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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health and Human
Services (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in
coordination with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall maintain a stockpile or stockpiles of drugs, vaccines and other
biological products, medical devices, and other supplies in such
numbers, types, and amounts as are determined by the Secretary to be appropriate and practicable, taking into account
other available sources, to provide for the emergency health
security of the United States, including the emergency health
security of children and other vulnerable populations, in the
event of a bioterrorist attack or other public health emergency.
(2) PROCEDURES.—The Secretary, in managing the stockpile
under paragraph (1), shall—
(A) consult with the working group under section
319F(a) of the Public Health Service Act;
(B) ensure that adequate procedures are followed with
respect to such stockpile for inventory management and
accounting, and for the physical security of the stockpile;
(C) in consultation with Federal, State, and local officials, take into consideration the timing and location of
special events;
(D) review and revise, as appropriate, the contents
of the stockpile on a regular basis to ensure that emerging
threats, advanced technologies, and new countermeasures
are adequately considered;
(E) devise plans for the effective and timely supplychain management of the stockpile, in consultation with
appropriate Federal, State and local agencies, and the
public and private health care infrastructure; and
(F) ensure the adequate physical security of the stockpile.
(b) SMALLPOX VACCINE DEVELOPMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award contracts,
enter into cooperative agreements, or carry out such other
activities as may reasonably be required in order to ensure
that the stockpile under subsection (a) includes an amount
of vaccine against smallpox as determined by the Secretary
to be sufficient to meet the health security needs of the United
States.
(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall
be construed to limit the private distribution, purchase, or
sale of vaccines from sources other than the stockpile described
in subsection (a).
(c) DISCLOSURES.—No Federal agency shall disclose under section 552, United States Code, any information identifying the location at which materials in the stockpile under subsection (a) are
stored.
(d) DEFINITION.—For purposes of subsection (a), the term
‘‘stockpile’’ includes—
(1) a physical accumulation (at one or more locations) of
the supplies described in subsection (a); or
(2) a contractual agreement between the Secretary and
a vendor or vendors under which such vendor or vendors agree
to provide to the Secretary supplies described in subsection
(a).
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—

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116 STAT. 613

(1) STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.—For the purpose of
carrying out subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated $640,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and such sums as
may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.
(2) SMALLPOX VACCINE DEVELOPMENT.—For the purpose of
carrying out subsection (b), there are authorized to be appropriated $509,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and such sums as
may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.
SEC.

122.

ACCELERATED
MEASURES.

APPROVAL

OF

PRIORITY

COUNTER-

21 USC 356–1.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services
may designate a priority countermeasure as a fast-track product
pursuant to section 506 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (21 U.S.C. 356) or as a device granted review priority pursuant
to section 515(d)(5) of such Act (21 U.S.C. 360e(d)(5)). Such a
designation may be made prior to the submission of—
(1) a request for designation by the sponsor or applicant;
or
(2) an application for the investigation of the drug under
section 505(i) of such Act or section 351(a)(3) of the Public
Health Service Act.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a sponsor
or applicant from declining such a designation.
(b) USE OF ANIMAL TRIALS.—A drug for which approval is
sought under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act on the basis
of evidence of effectiveness that is derived from animal studies
pursuant to section 123 may be designated as a fast track product
for purposes of this section.
(c) PRIORITY REVIEW OF DRUGS AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS.—
A priority countermeasure that is a drug or biological product
shall be considered a priority drug or biological product for purposes
of performance goals for priority drugs or biological products agreed
to by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs.
(d) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this title:
(1) The term ‘‘priority countermeasure’’ has the meaning
given such term in section 319F(h)(4) of the Public Health
Service Act.
(2) The term ‘‘priority drugs or biological products’’ means
a drug or biological product that is the subject of a drug
or biologics application referred to in section 101(4) of the
Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997.
SEC. 123. ISSUANCE OF RULE ON ANIMAL TRIALS.

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall complete
the process of rulemaking that was commenced under authority
of section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and
section 351 of the Public Health Service Act with the issuance
of the proposed rule entitled ‘‘New Drug and Biological Drug Products; Evidence Needed to Demonstrate Efficacy of New Drugs for
Use Against Lethal or Permanently Disabling Toxic Substances
When Efficacy Studies in Humans Ethically Cannot be Conducted’’
published in the Federal Register on October 5, 1999 (64 Fed.
Reg. 53960), and shall promulgate a final rule.

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116 STAT. 614

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SEC. 124. SECURITY FOR COUNTERMEASURE DEVELOPMENT AND
PRODUCTION.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act, as amended
by section 110 of this Act, is amended by inserting after section
319J the following section:
42 USC 247d–7d.

‘‘SEC. 319K. SECURITY FOR COUNTERMEASURE DEVELOPMENT AND
PRODUCTION.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation with the
Attorney General and the Secretary of Defense, may provide technical or other assistance to provide security to persons or facilities
that conduct development, production, distribution, or storage of
priority countermeasures (as defined in section 319F(h)(4)).
‘‘(b) GUIDELINES.—The Secretary may develop guidelines to
enable entities eligible to receive assistance under subsection (a)
to secure their facilities against potential terrorist attack.’’.
SEC.

42 USC 247d–6.

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125.

ACCELERATED COUNTERMEASURE
DEVELOPMENT.

RESEARCH

AND

Section 319F(h) of the Public Health Service Act, as redesignated by section 104(a)(2) of this Act, is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(h) ACCELERATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON PRIORITY
PATHOGENS AND COUNTERMEASURES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—With respect to pathogens of potential
use in a bioterrorist attack, and other agents that may cause
a public health emergency, the Secretary, taking into consideration any recommendations of the working group under subsection (a), shall conduct, and award grants, contracts, or
cooperative agreements for, research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and studies in the health sciences
relating to—
‘‘(A) the epidemiology and pathogenesis of such pathogens;
‘‘(B) the sequencing of the genomes, or other DNA
analysis, or other comparative analysis, of priority pathogens (as determined by the Director of the National
Institutes of Health in consultation with the working group
established in subsection (a)), in collaboration and coordination with the activities of the Department of Defense and
the Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy;
‘‘(C) the development of priority countermeasures; and
‘‘(D) other relevant areas of research;
with consideration given to the needs of children and other
vulnerable populations.
‘‘(2) PRIORITY.—The Secretary shall give priority under this
section to the funding of research and other studies related
to priority countermeasures.
‘‘(3) ROLE OF DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider using
the biomedical research and development capabilities of the
Department of Veterans Affairs, in conjunction with that
Department’s affiliations with health-professions universities.
When advantageous to the Government in furtherance of the
purposes of such paragraph, the Secretary may enter into
cooperative agreements with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs
to achieve such purposes.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 615

‘‘(4) PRIORITY COUNTERMEASURES.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘priority countermeasure’ means a drug, biological
product, device, vaccine, vaccine adjuvant, antiviral, or diagnostic test that the Secretary determines to be—
‘‘(A) a priority to treat, identify, or prevent infection
by a biological agent or toxin listed pursuant to section
351A(a)(1), or harm from any other agent that may cause
a public health emergency; or
‘‘(B) a priority to diagnose conditions that may result
in adverse health consequences or death and may be caused
by the administering of a drug, biological product, device,
vaccine, vaccine adjuvant, antiviral, or diagnostic test that
is a priority under subparagraph (A).’’.
SEC. 126. EVALUATION OF NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
REGARDING BIOTERRORIST ATTACK AND OTHER PUBLIC
HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services
(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall promptly carry
out a program to periodically evaluate new and emerging technologies that, in the determination of the Secretary, are designed
to improve or enhance the ability of public health or safety officials
to conduct public health surveillance activities relating to a bioterrorist attack or other public health emergency.
(b) CERTAIN ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out this subsection, the
Secretary shall, to the extent practicable—
(1) survey existing technology programs funded by the Federal Government for potentially useful technologies;
(2) promptly issue a request, as necessary, for information
from non-Federal public and private entities for ongoing activities in this area; and
(3) evaluate technologies identified under paragraphs (1)
and (2) pursuant to subsection (c).
(c) CONSULTATION AND EVALUATION.—In carrying out subsection (b)(3), the Secretary shall consult with the working group
under section 319F(a) of the Public Health Service Act, as well
as other appropriate public, nonprofit, and private entities, to
develop criteria for the evaluation of such technologies and to conduct such evaluations.
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the
House of Representatives, and the Committee on Health, Education,
Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, a report on the activities under
this section.
SEC. 127. POTASSIUM IODIDE.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Through the national stockpile under section
121, the President, subject to subsections (b) and (c), shall make
available to State and local governments potassium iodide tablets
for stockpiling and for distribution as appropriate to public facilities,
such as schools and hospitals, in quantities sufficient to provide
adequate protection for the population within 20 miles of a nuclear
power plant.
(b) STATE AND LOCAL PLANS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) applies with respect to
a State or local government, subject to paragraph (2), if the
government involved meets the following conditions:

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42 USC
300hh–13.

Deadline.

42 USC
300hh–12 note.

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116 STAT. 616

Deadline.

Deadline.

Contracts.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

(A) Such government submits to the President a plan
for the stockpiling of potassium iodide tablets, and for
the distribution and utilization of potassium iodide tablets
in the event of a nuclear incident.
(B) The plan is accompanied by certifications by such
government that the government has not already received
sufficient quantities of potassium iodide tablets from the
Federal Government.
(2) LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.—Subsection (a) applies with
respect to a local government only if, in addition to the conditions described in paragraph (1), the following conditions are
met:
(A) The State in which the locality involved is located—
(i) does not have a plan described in paragraph
(1)(A); or
(ii) has a plan described in such paragraph, but
the plan does not address populations at a distance
greater than 10 miles from the nuclear power plant
involved.
(B) The local government has petitioned the State to
modify the State plan to address such populations, not
exceeding 20 miles from such plant, and 60 days have
elapsed without the State modifying the State plan to
address populations at the full distance sought by the
local government through the petition.
(C) The local government has submitted its local plan
under paragraph (1)(A) to the State, and the State has
approved the plan and certified that the plan is not inconsistent with the State emergency plan.
(c) GUIDELINES.—Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President, in consultation with
individuals representing appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, shall establish guidelines for the stockpiling of potassium
iodide tablets, and for the distribution and utilization of potassium
iodide tablets in the event of a nuclear incident. Such tablets
may not be made available under subsection (a) until such guidelines have been established.
(d) INFORMATION.—The President shall carry out activities to
inform State and local governments of the program under this
section.
(e) REPORTS.—
(1) PRESIDENT.—Not later than six months after the date
on which the guidelines under subsection (c) are issued, the
President shall submit to the Congress a report—
(A) on whether potassium iodide tablets have been
made available under subsection (a) or other Federal, State,
or local programs, and the extent to which State and local
governments have established stockpiles of such tablets;
and
(B) the measures taken by the President to implement
this section.
(2) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall request the
National Academy of Sciences to enter into an agreement
with the President under which the Academy conducts
a study to determine what is the most effective and safe
way to distribute and administer potassium iodide tablets

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 617

on a mass scale. If the Academy declines to conduct the
study, the President shall enter into an agreement with
another appropriate public or nonprofit private entity to
conduct the study.
(B) REPORT.—The President shall ensure that, not later
than six months after the date of the enactment of this
Act, the study required in subparagraph (A) is completed
and a report describing the findings made in the study
is submitted to the Congress.
(f) APPLICABILITY.—Subsections (a) and (d) cease to apply as
requirements if the President determines that there is an alternative and more effective prophylaxis or preventive measures for
adverse thyroid conditions that may result from the release of
radionuclides from nuclear power plants.

Deadline.

Subtitle C—Improving State, Local, and
Hospital Preparedness for and Response
to Bioterrorism and Other Public Health
Emergencies
SEC. 131. GRANTS TO IMPROVE STATE, LOCAL, AND HOSPITAL
PREPAREDNESS FOR AND RESPONSE TO BIOTERRORISM
AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Part B of title III of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 243 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section
319C the following sections:
‘‘SEC. 319C–1. GRANTS TO IMPROVE STATE, LOCAL, AND HOSPITAL
PREPAREDNESS FOR AND RESPONSE TO BIOTERRORISM
AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

42 USC 247d–3a.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To enhance the security of the United States
with respect to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies,
the Secretary shall make awards of grants or cooperative agreements to eligible entities to enable such entities to conduct the
activities described in subsection (d).
‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive an award under
subsection (a), an entity shall—
‘‘(A)(i) be a State; and
‘‘(ii) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application
at such time, and in such manner, and containing such
information as the Secretary may require, including an
assurance that the State—
‘‘(I) has completed an evaluation under section
319B(a), or an evaluation that is substantially equivalent to an evaluation described in such section (as
determined by the Secretary);
‘‘(II) has prepared, or will (within 60 days of
receiving an award under this section) prepare, a Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergency
Preparedness and Response Plan in accordance with
subsection (c);
‘‘(III) has established a means by which to obtain
public comment and input on the plan prepared under
subclause (II), and on the implementation of such plan,

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116 STAT. 618

Deadline.

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that shall include an advisory committee or other
similar mechanism for obtaining comment from the
public at large as well as from other State and local
stakeholders;
‘‘(IV) will use amounts received under the award
in accordance with the plan prepared under subclause
(II), including making expenditures to carry out the
strategy contained in the plan; and
‘‘(V) with respect to the plan prepared under subclause (II), will establish reasonable criteria to evaluate
the effective performance of entities that receive funds
under the award and include relevant benchmarks in
the plan; or
‘‘(B)(i) be a political subdivision of a State or a consortium of 2 or more such subdivisions; and
‘‘(ii) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application
at such time, and in such manner, and containing such
information as the Secretary may require.
‘‘(2) COORDINATION WITH STATEWIDE PLANS.—An award
under subsection (a) to an eligible entity described in paragraph
(1)(B) may not be made unless the application of such entity
is in coordination with, and consistent with, applicable Statewide plans described in subsection (d)(1).
‘‘(c) BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN.—Not later than 60 days after
receiving amounts under an award under subsection (a), an eligible
entity described in subsection (b)(1)(A) shall prepare and submit
to the Secretary a Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergency
Preparedness and Response Plan. Recognizing the assessment of
public health needs conducted under section 319B, such plan shall
include a description of activities to be carried out by the entity
to address the needs identified in such assessment (or an equivalent
assessment).
‘‘(d) USE OF FUNDS.—An award under subsection (a) may be
expended for activities that may include the following and similar
activities:
‘‘(1) To develop Statewide plans (including the development
of the Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergency
Preparedness and Response Plan required under subsection
(c)), and community-wide plans for responding to bioterrorism
and other public health emergencies that are coordinated with
the capacities of applicable national, State, and local health
agencies and health care providers, including poison control
centers.
‘‘(2) To address deficiencies identified in the assessment
conducted under section 319B.
‘‘(3) To purchase or upgrade equipment (including stationary or mobile communications equipment), supplies,
pharmaceuticals or other priority countermeasures to enhance
preparedness for and response to bioterrorism or other public
health emergencies, consistent with the plan described in subsection (c).
‘‘(4) To conduct exercises to test the capability and timeliness of public health emergency response activities.
‘‘(5) To develop and implement the trauma care and burn
center care components of the State plans for the provision
of emergency medical services.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

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‘‘(6) To improve training or workforce development to
enhance public health laboratories.
‘‘(7) To train public health and health care personnel to
enhance the ability of such personnel—
‘‘(A) to detect, provide accurate identification of, and
recognize the symptoms and epidemiological characteristics
of exposure to a biological agent that may cause a public
health emergency; and
‘‘(B) to provide treatment to individuals who are
exposed to such an agent.
‘‘(8) To develop, enhance, coordinate, or improve participation in systems by which disease detection and information
about biological attacks and other public health emergencies
can be rapidly communicated among national, State, and local
health agencies, emergency response personnel, and health care
providers and facilities to detect and respond to a bioterrorist
attack or other public health emergency, including activities
to improve information technology and communications equipment available to health care and public health officials for
use in responding to a biological threat or attack or other
public health emergency.
‘‘(9) To enhance communication to the public of information
on bioterrorism and other public health emergencies, including
through the use of 2–1–1 call centers.
‘‘(10) To address the health security needs of children and
other vulnerable populations with respect to bioterrorism and
other public health emergencies.
‘‘(11) To provide training and develop, enhance, coordinate,
or improve methods to enhance the safety of workers and
workplaces in the event of bioterrorism.
‘‘(12) To prepare and plan for contamination prevention
efforts related to public health that may be implemented in
the event of a bioterrorist attack, including training and planning to protect the health and safety of workers conducting
the activities described in this paragraph.
‘‘(13) To prepare a plan for triage and transport management in the event of bioterrorism or other public health emergencies.
‘‘(14) To enhance the training of health care professionals
to recognize and treat the mental health consequences of bioterrorism or other public health emergencies.
‘‘(15) To enhance the training of health care professionals
to assist in providing appropriate health care for large numbers
of individuals exposed to a bioweapon.
‘‘(16) To enhance training and planning to protect the
health and safety of personnel, including health care professionals, involved in responding to a biological attack.
‘‘(17) To improve surveillance, detection, and response
activities to prepare for emergency response activities including
biological threats or attacks, including training personnel in
these and other necessary functions and including early
warning and surveillance networks that use advanced information technology to provide early detection of biological threats
or attacks.
‘‘(18) To develop, enhance, and coordinate or improve the
ability of existing telemedicine programs to provide health care

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116 STAT. 620

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

information and advice as part of the emergency public health
response to bioterrorism or other public health emergencies.
Nothing in this subsection may be construed as establishing new
regulatory authority or as modifying any existing regulatory
authority.
‘‘(e) PRIORITIES IN USE OF GRANTS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(A) PRIORITIES.—Except as provided in subparagraph
(B), the Secretary shall, in carrying out the activities
described in this section, address the following hazards
in the following priority:
‘‘(i) Bioterrorism or acute outbreaks of infectious
diseases.
‘‘(ii) Other public health threats and emergencies.
‘‘(B) DETERMINATION OF THE SECRETARY.—In the case
of the hazard involved, the degree of priority that would
apply to the hazard based on the categories specified in
clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) may be modified
by the Secretary if the following conditions are met:
‘‘(i) The Secretary determines that the modification
is appropriate on the basis of the following factors:
‘‘(I) The extent to which eligible entities are
adequately prepared for responding to hazards
within the category specified in clause (i) of
subparagraph (A).
‘‘(II) There has been a significant change in
the assessment of risks to the public health posed
by hazards within the category specified in clause
(ii) of such subparagraph.
‘‘(ii) Prior to modifying the priority, the Secretary
notifies the appropriate committees of the Congress
of the determination of the Secretary under clause
(i) of this subparagraph.
‘‘(2) AREAS OF EMPHASIS WITHIN CATEGORIES.—The Secretary shall determine areas of emphasis within the category
of hazards specified in clause (i) of paragraph (1)(A), and shall
determine areas of emphasis within the category of hazards
specified in clause (ii) of such paragraph, based on an assessment of the risk and likely consequences of such hazards and
on an evaluation of Federal, State, and local needs, and may
also take into account the extent to which receiving an award
under subsection (a) will develop capacities that can be used
for public health emergencies of varying types.
‘‘(f) CERTAIN ACTIVITIES.—In administering activities under section 319C(c)(4) or similar activities, the Secretary shall, where
appropriate, give priority to activities that include State or local
government financial commitments, that seek to incorporate multiple public health and safety services or diagnostic databases into
an integrated public health entity, and that cover geographic areas
lacking advanced diagnostic and laboratory capabilities.
‘‘(g) COORDINATION WITH LOCAL MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM.—
An eligible entity and local Metropolitan Medical Response Systems
shall, to the extent practicable, ensure that activities carried out
under an award under subsection (a) are coordinated with activities
that are carried out by local Metropolitan Medical Response Systems.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 621

‘‘(h) COORDINATION OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES.—In making awards
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) annually notify the Director of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, the Director of the Office of Justice Programs, and the Director of the National Domestic Preparedness
Office, as to the amount, activities covered under, and status
of such awards; and
‘‘(2) coordinate such awards with other activities conducted
or supported by the Secretary to enhance preparedness for
bioterrorism and other public health emergencies.
‘‘(i) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘eligible
entity’ means an entity that meets the conditions described in
subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1).
‘‘(j) FUNDING.—
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
‘‘(A) FISCAL YEAR 2003.—
‘‘(i) AUTHORIZATIONS.—For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated
$1,600,000,000 for fiscal year 2003, of which—
‘‘(I) $1,080,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for awards pursuant to paragraph (3) (subject to the authority of the Secretary to make
awards pursuant to paragraphs (4) and (5)); and
‘‘(II) $520,000,000 is authorized to be
appropriated—
‘‘(aa) for awards under subsection (a) to
States, notwitstanding the eligibility conditions under subsection (b), for the purpose of
enhancing the preparedness of hospitals
(including children’s hospitals), clinics, health
centers, and primary care facilities for bioterrorism and other public health emergencies;
and
‘‘(bb) for Federal, State, and local planning
and administrative activities related to such
purpose.
‘‘(ii) CONTINGENT ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION.—If
a significant change in circumstances warrants an
increase in the amount authorized to be appropriated
under clause (i) for fiscal year 2003, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary
for such year for carrying out this section, in addition
to the amount authorized in clause (i).
‘‘(B) OTHER FISCAL YEARS.—For the purpose of carrying
out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal
years 2004 through 2006.
‘‘(2) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Amounts appropriated
under paragraph (1) shall be used to supplement and not supplant other State and local public funds provided for activities
under this section.
‘‘(3) STATE BIOTERRORISM AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE BLOCK GRANT FOR FISCAL
YEAR 2003.—

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116 STAT. 622

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For fiscal year 2003, the Secretary
shall, in an amount determined in accordance with subparagraphs (B) through (D), make an award under subsection (a) to each State, notwithstanding the eligibility
conditions described in subsection (b), that submits to the
Secretary an application for the award that meets the
criteria of the Secretary for the receipt of such an award
and that meets other implementation conditions established by the Secretary for such awards. No other awards
may be made under subsection (a) for such fiscal year,
except as provided in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(II) and paragraphs
(4) and (5).
‘‘(B) BASE AMOUNT.—In determining the amount of an
award pursuant to subparagraph (A) for a State, the Secretary shall first determine an amount the Secretary considers appropriate for the State (referred to in this paragraph as the ‘base amount’), except that such amount may
not be greater than the minimum amount determined
under subparagraph (D).
‘‘(C) INCREASE ON BASIS OF POPULATION.—After determining the base amount for a State under subparagraph
(B), the Secretary shall increase the base amount by an
amount equal to the product of—
‘‘(i) the amount appropriated under paragraph
(1)(A)(i)(I) for the fiscal year, less an amount equal
to the sum of all base amounts determined for the
States under subparagraph (B), and less the amount,
if any, reserved by the Secretary under paragraphs
(4) and (5); and
‘‘(ii) subject to paragraph (4)(C), the percentage
constituted by the ratio of an amount equal to the
population of the State over an amount equal to the
total population of the States (as indicated by the
most recent data collected by the Bureau of the
Census).
‘‘(D) MINIMUM AMOUNT.—Subject to the amount appropriated under paragraph (1)(A)(i)(I), an award pursuant
to subparagraph (A) for a State shall be the greater of
the base amount as increased under subparagraph (C),
or the minimum amount under this subparagraph. The
minimum amount under this subparagraph is—
‘‘(i) in the case of each of the several States, the
District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, an amount equal to the lesser of—
‘‘(I) $5,000,000; or
‘‘(II) if the amount appropriated under paragraph (1)(A)(i)(I) is less than $667,000,000, an
amount equal to 0.75 percent of the amount appropriated under such paragraph, less the amount,
if any, reserved by the Secretary under paragraphs
(4) and (5); or
‘‘(ii) in the case of each of American Samoa, Guam,
the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
and the Virgin Islands, an amount determined by the
Secretary to be appropriate, except that such amount
may not exceed the amount determined under clause
(i).

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‘‘(4) CERTAIN POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For fiscal year 2003, the Secretary
may, before making awards pursuant to paragraph (3)
for such year, reserve from the amount appropriated under
paragraph (1)(A)(i)(I) for the year an amount determined
necessary by the Secretary to make awards under subsection (a) to political subdivisions that have a substantial
number of residents, have a substantial local infrastructure
for responding to public health emergencies, and face a
high degree of risk from bioterrorist attacks or other public
health emergencies. Not more than three political subdivisions may receive awards pursuant to this subparagraph.
‘‘(B) COORDINATION WITH STATEWIDE PLANS.—An award
pursuant to subparagraph (A) may not be made unless
the application of the political subdivision involved is in
coordination with, and consistent with, applicable Statewide plans described in subsection (c).
‘‘(C) RELATIONSHIP TO FORMULA GRANTS.—In the case
of a State that will receive an award pursuant to paragraph
(3), and in which there is located a political subdivision
that will receive an award pursuant to subparagraph (A),
the Secretary shall, in determining the amount under paragraph (3)(C) for the State, subtract from the population
of the State an amount equal to the population of such
political subdivision.
‘‘(D) CONTINUITY OF FUNDING.—In determining
whether to make an award pursuant to subparagraph (A)
to a political subdivision, the Secretary may consider, as
a factor indicating that the award should be made, that
the political subdivision received public health funding from
the Secretary for fiscal year 2002.
‘‘(5) SIGNIFICANT UNMET NEEDS; DEGREE OF RISK.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For fiscal year 2003, the Secretary
may, before making awards pursuant to paragraph (3)
for such year, reserve from the amount appropriated under
paragraph (1)(A)(i)(I) for the year an amount determined
necessary by the Secretary to make awards under subsection (a) to eligible entities that—
‘‘(i) have a significant need for funds to build
capacity to identify, detect, monitor, and respond to
a bioterrorist or other threat to the public health,
which need will not be met by awards pursuant to
paragraph (3); and
‘‘(ii) face a particularly high degree of risk of such
a threat.
‘‘(B) RECIPIENTS OF GRANTS.—Awards pursuant to
subparagraph (A) may be supplemental awards to States
that receive awards pursuant to paragraph (3), or may
be awards to eligible entities described in subsection
(b)(1)(B) within such States.
‘‘(C) FINDING WITH RESPECT TO DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA.—The Secretary shall consider the District of
Columbia to have a significant unmet need for purposes
of subparagraph (A), and to face a particularly high degree
of risk for such purposes, on the basis of the concentration
of entities of national significance located within the District.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
‘‘(6) FUNDING OF LOCAL ENTITIES.—For fiscal year 2003,
the Secretary shall in making awards under this section ensure
that appropriate portions of such awards are made available
to political subdivisions, local departments of public health,
hospitals (including children’s hospitals), clinics, health centers,
or primary care facilities, or consortia of such entities.

42 USC 247d–3b.

‘‘SEC.

319C–2. PARTNERSHIPS
PREPAREDNESS.

FOR

COMMUNITY

AND

HOSPITAL

‘‘(a) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall make awards of grants or
cooperative agreements to eligible entities to enable such entities
to improve community and hospital preparedness for bioterrorism
and other public health emergencies.
‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible for an award under subsection
(a), an entity shall—
‘‘(1) be a partnership consisting of—
‘‘(A) one or more hospitals (including children’s hospitals), clinics, health centers, or primary care facilities;
and
‘‘(B)(i) one or more political subdivisions of States;
‘‘(ii) one or more States; or
‘‘(iii) one or more States and one or more political
subdivisions of States; and
‘‘(2) prepare, in consultation with the Chief Executive
Officer of the State, District, or territory in which the hospital,
clinic, health center, or primary care facility described in paragraph (1)(A) is located, and submit to the Secretary, an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.
‘‘(c) REGIONAL COORDINATION.—In making awards under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to eligible entities
that submit applications that, in the determination of the Secretary,
will—
‘‘(1) enhance coordination—
‘‘(A) among the entities described in subsection
(b)(1)(A); and
‘‘(B) between such entities and the entities described
in subsection (b)(1)(B); and
‘‘(2) serve the needs of a defined geographic area.
‘‘(d) CONSISTENCY OF PLANNED ACTIVITIES.—An entity described
in subsection (b)(1) shall utilize amounts received under an award
under subsection (a) in a manner that is coordinated and consistent,
as determined by the Secretary, with an applicable State Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Emergency Preparedness and
Response Plan.
‘‘(e) USE OF FUNDS.—An award under subsection (a) may be
expended for activities that may include the following and similar
activities—
‘‘(1) planning and administration for such award;
‘‘(2) preparing a plan for triage and transport management
in the event of bioterrorism or other public health emergencies;
‘‘(3) enhancing the training of health care professionals
to improve the ability of such professionals to recognize the
symptoms of exposure to a potential bioweapon, to make appropriate diagnosis, and to provide treatment to those individuals
so exposed;

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‘‘(4) enhancing the training of health care professionals
to recognize and treat the mental health consequences of bioterrorism or other public health emergencies;
‘‘(5) enhancing the training of health care professionals
to assist in providing appropriate health care for large numbers
of individuals exposed to a bioweapon;
‘‘(6) enhancing training and planning to protect the health
and safety of personnel involved in responding to a biological
attack;
‘‘(7) developing and implementing the trauma care and
burn center care components of the State plans for the provision
of emergency medical services; or
‘‘(8) conducting such activities as are described in section
319C–1(d) that are appropriate for hospitals (including children’s hospitals), clinics, health centers, or primary care facilities.
‘‘(f) LIMITATION ON AWARDS.—A political subdivision of a State
shall not participate in more than one partnership described in
subsection (b)(1).
‘‘(g) PRIORITIES IN USE OF GRANTS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(A) PRIORITIES.—Except as provided in subparagraph
(B), the Secretary shall, in carrying out the activities
described in this section, address the following hazards
in the following priority:
‘‘(i) Bioterrorism or acute outbreaks of infectious
diseases.
‘‘(ii) Other public health threats and emergencies.
‘‘(B) DETERMINATION OF THE SECRETARY.—In the case
of the hazard involved, the degree of priority that would
apply to the hazard based on the categories specified in
clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) may be modified
by the Secretary if the following conditions are met:
‘‘(i) The Secretary determines that the modification
is appropriate on the basis of the following factors:
‘‘(I) The extent to which eligible entities are
adequately prepared for responding to hazards
within the category specified in clause (i) of
subparagraph (A).
‘‘(II) There has been a significant change in
the assessment of risks to the public health posed
by hazards within the category specified in clause
(ii) of such subparagraph.
‘‘(ii) Prior to modifying the priority, the Secretary
notifies the appropriate committees of the Congress
of the determination of the Secretary under clause
(i) of this subparagraph.
‘‘(2) AREAS OF EMPHASIS WITHIN CATEGORIES.—The Secretary shall determine areas of emphasis within the category
of hazards specified in clause (i) of paragraph (1)(A), and shall
determine areas of emphasis within the category of hazards
specified in clause (ii) of such paragraph, based on an assessment of the risk and likely consequences of such hazards and
on an evaluation of Federal, State, and local needs, and may
also take into account the extent to which receiving an award
under subsection (a) will develop capacities that can be used
for public health emergencies of varying types.

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‘‘(h) COORDINATION WITH LOCAL MEDICAL RESPONSE SYSTEM.—
An eligible entity and local Metropolitan Medical Response Systems
shall, to the extent practicable, ensure that activities carried out
under an award under subsection (a) are coordinated with activities
that are carried out by local Metropolitan Medical Response Systems.
‘‘(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2004 through
2006.’’.
(b) CERTAIN GRANTS.—Section 319C of the Public Health
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–3) is amended by striking subsection
(f).

Subtitle D—Emergency Authorities;
Additional Provisions
SEC. 141. REPORTING DEADLINES.

Federal Register,
publication.

Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d)
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(d) DATA SUBMITTAL AND REPORTING DEADLINES.—In any case
in which the Secretary determines that, wholly or partially as
a result of a public health emergency that has been determined
pursuant to subsection (a), individuals or public or private entities
are unable to comply with deadlines for the submission to the
Secretary of data or reports required under any law administered
by the Secretary, the Secretary may, notwithstanding any other
provision of law, grant such extensions of such deadlines as the
circumstances reasonably require, and may waive, wholly or partially, any sanctions otherwise applicable to such failure to comply.
Before or promptly after granting such an extension or waiver,
the Secretary shall notify the Congress of such action and publish
in the Federal Register a notice of the extension or waiver.’’.
SEC. 142. STREAMLINING AND CLARIFYING COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
QUARANTINE PROVISIONS.

(a) ELIMINATION OF PREREQUISITE FOR NATIONAL ADVISORY
HEALTH COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION BEFORE ISSUING QUARANTINE
RULES.—
(1) EXECUTIVE ORDERS SPECIFYING DISEASES SUBJECT TO
INDIVIDUAL DETENTIONS.—Section 361(b) of the Public Health
Act (42 U.S.C. 264(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘Executive orders
of the President upon the recommendation of the National
Advisory Health Council and the Surgeon General’’ and
inserting ‘‘Executive orders of the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary, in consultation with the Surgeon
General,’’.
(2) REGULATIONS PROVIDING FOR APPREHENSION OF INDIVIDUALS.—Section 361(d) of the Public Health Act (42 U.S.C.
264(d)) is amended by striking ‘‘On recommendation of the
National Advisory Health Council, regulations’’ and inserting
‘‘Regulations’’.
(3) REGULATIONS PROVIDING FOR APPREHENSION OF INDIVIDUALS IN WARTIME.—Section 363 of the Public Health Act (42
U.S.C. 266) is amended by striking ‘‘the Surgeon General, on
recommendation of the National Advisory Health Council,’’ and

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inserting ‘‘the Secretary, in consultation with the Surgeon General,’’.
(b) APPREHENSION AUTHORITY TO APPLY IN CASES OF EXPOSURE
TO DISEASE.—
(1) REGULATIONS PROVIDING FOR APPREHENSION OF INDIVIDUALS.—Section 361(d) of the Public Health Act (42 U.S.C.
264(d)), as amended by subsection (a)(2), is further amended—
(A) by striking ‘‘(1)’’ and ‘‘(2)’’ and inserting ‘‘(A)’’ and
‘‘(B)’’, respectively;
(B) by striking ‘‘(d)’’ and inserting ‘‘(d)(1)’’;
(C) in paragraph (1) (as designated by subparagraph
(B) of this paragraph), in the first sentence, by striking
‘‘in a communicable stage’’ each place such term appears
and inserting ‘‘in a qualifying stage’’; and
(D) by adding at the end the following paragraph:
‘‘(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘qualifying stage’,
with respect to a communicable disease, means that such disease—
‘‘(A) is in a communicable stage; or
‘‘(B) is in a precommunicable stage, if the disease would
be likely to cause a public health emergency if transmitted
to other individuals.’’.
(2) REGULATIONS PROVIDING FOR APPREHENSION OF INDIVIDUALS IN WARTIME.—Section 363 of the Public Health Act (42
U.S.C. 266), as amended by subsection (a)(3), is further
amended by striking ‘‘in a communicable stage’’.
(c) STATE AUTHORITY.—Section 361 of the Public Health Act
(42 U.S.C. 264) is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(e) Nothing in this section or section 363, or the regulations
promulgated under such sections, may be construed as superseding
any provision under State law (including regulations and including
provisions established by political subdivisions of States), except
to the extent that such a provision conflicts with an exercise of
Federal authority under this section or section 363.’’.
SEC. 143. EMERGENCY WAIVER OF MEDICARE, MEDICAID, AND SCHIP
REQUIREMENTS.

(a) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—Title XI of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section
1134 the following new section:
‘‘AUTHORITY

TO WAIVE REQUIREMENTS DURING NATIONAL
EMERGENCIES

‘‘SEC. 1135. (a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to
enable the Secretary to ensure to the maximum extent feasible,
in any emergency area and during an emergency period (as defined
in subsection (g)(1))—
‘‘(1) that sufficient health care items and services are available to meet the needs of individuals in such area enrolled
in the programs under titles XVIII, XIX, and XXI; and
‘‘(2) that health care providers (as defined in subsection
(g)(2)) that furnish such items and services in good faith, but
that are unable to comply with one or more requirements
described in subsection (b), may be reimbursed for such items
and services and exempted from sanctions for such noncompliance, absent any determination of fraud or abuse.
‘‘(b) SECRETARIAL AUTHORITY.—To the extent necessary to
accomplish the purpose specified in subsection (a), the Secretary

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

is authorized, subject to the provisions of this section, to temporarily
waive or modify the application of, with respect to health care
items and services furnished by a health care provider (or classes
of health care providers) in any emergency area (or portion of
such an area) during any portion of an emergency period, the
requirements of titles XVIII, XIX, or XXI, or any regulation thereunder (and the requirements of this title other than this section,
and regulations thereunder, insofar as they relate to such titles),
pertaining to—
‘‘(1)(A) conditions of participation or other certification
requirements for an individual health care provider or types
of providers,
‘‘(B) program participation and similar requirements for
an individual health care provider or types of providers, and
‘‘(C) pre-approval requirements;
‘‘(2) requirements that physicians and other health care
professionals be licensed in the State in which they provide
such services, if they have equivalent licensing in another State
and are not affirmatively excluded from practice in that State
or in any State a part of which is included in the emergency
area;
‘‘(3) sanctions under section 1867 (relating to examination
and treatment for emergency medical conditions and women
in labor) for a transfer of an individual who has not been
stabilized in violation of subsection (c) of such section if the
transfer arises out of the circumstances of the emergency;
‘‘(4) sanctions under section 1877(g) (relating to limitations
on physician referral);
‘‘(5) deadlines and timetables for performance of required
activities, except that such deadlines and timetables may only
be modified, not waived; and
‘‘(6) limitations on payments under section 1851(i) for
health care items and services furnished to individuals enrolled
in a Medicare+Choice plan by health care professionals or facilities not included under such plan.
Insofar as the Secretary exercises authority under paragraph (6)
with respect to individuals enrolled in a Medicare+Choice plan,
to the extent possible given the circumstances, the Secretary shall
reconcile payments made on behalf of such enrollees to ensure
that the enrollees do not pay more than would be required had
they received services from providers within the network of the
plan and may reconcile payments to the organization offering the
plan to ensure that such organization pays for services for which
payment is included in the capitation payment it receives under
part C of title XVIII.
‘‘(c) AUTHORITY FOR RETROACTIVE WAIVER.—A waiver or modification of requirements pursuant to this section may, at the Secretary’s discretion, be made retroactive to the beginning of the
emergency period or any subsequent date in such period specified
by the Secretary.
‘‘(d) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—The Secretary shall provide
a certification and advance written notice to the Congress at least
two days before exercising the authority under this section with
respect to an emergency area. Such a certification and notice shall
include—
‘‘(1) a description of—

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‘‘(A) the specific provisions that will be waived or modified;
‘‘(B) the health care providers to whom the waiver
or modification will apply;
‘‘(C) the geographic area in which the waiver or modification will apply; and
‘‘(D) the period of time for which the waiver or modification will be in effect; and
‘‘(2) a certification that the waiver or modification is necessary to carry out the purpose specified in subsection (a).
‘‘(e) DURATION OF WAIVER.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A waiver or modification of requirements
pursuant to this section terminates upon—
‘‘(A) the termination of the applicable declaration of
emergency or disaster described in subsection (g)(1)(A);
‘‘(B) the termination of the applicable declaration of
public health emergency described in subsection (g)(1)(B);
or
‘‘(C) subject to paragraph (2), the termination of a
period of 60 days from the date the waiver or modification
is first published (or, if applicable, the date of extension
of the waiver or modification under paragraph (2)).
‘‘(2) EXTENSION OF 60-DAY PERIODS.—The Secretary may,
by notice, provide for an extension of a 60-day period described
in paragraph (1)(C) (or an additional period provided under
this paragraph) for additional period or periods (not to exceed,
except as subsequently provided under this paragraph, 60 days
each), but any such extension shall not affect or prevent the
termination of a waiver or modification under subparagraph
(A) or (B) of paragraph (1).
‘‘(f) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Within one year after the end of
the emergency period in an emergency area in which the Secretary
exercised the authority provided under this section, the Secretary
shall report to the Congress regarding the approaches used to
accomplish the purposes described in subsection (a), including an
evaluation of such approaches and recommendations for improved
approaches should the need for such emergency authority arise
in the future.
‘‘(g) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
‘‘(1) EMERGENCY AREA; EMERGENCY PERIOD.—An ‘emergency
area’ is a geographical area in which, and an ‘emergency period’
is the period during which, there exists—
‘‘(A) an emergency or disaster declared by the President
pursuant to the National Emergencies Act or the Robert
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act;
and
‘‘(B) a public health emergency declared by the Secretary pursuant to section 319 of the Public Health Service
Act.
‘‘(2) HEALTH CARE PROVIDER.—The term ‘health care provider’ means any entity that furnishes health care items or
services, and includes a hospital or other provider of services,
a physician or other health care practitioner or professional,
a health care facility, or a supplier of health care items or
services.’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a)
shall be effective on and after September 11, 2001.

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116 STAT. 630

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

SEC. 144. PROVISION FOR EXPIRATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319(a) of the Public Health Service
Act (42 U.S.C. 247d(a)), is amended by adding at the end the
following new sentence: ‘‘Any such determination of a public health
emergency terminates upon the Secretary declaring that the emergency no longer exists, or upon the expiration of the 90-day period
beginning on the date on which the determination is made by
the Secretary, whichever occurs first. Determinations that terminate under the preceding sentence may be renewed by the Secretary
(on the basis of the same or additional facts), and the preceding
sentence applies to each such renewal. Not later than 48 hours
after making a determination under this subsection of a public
health emergency (including a renewal), the Secretary shall submit
to the Congress written notification of the determination.’’.
(b) APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made by subsection (a)
applies to any public health emergency under section 319(a) of
the Public Health Service Act, including any such emergency that
was in effect as of the day before the date of the enactment of
this Act. In the case of such an emergency that was in effect
as of such day, the 90-day period described in such section with
respect to the termination of the emergency is deemed to begin
on such date of enactment.

42 USC 247d
note.

Subtitle E—Additional Provisions
SEC. 151. DESIGNATED STATE PUBLIC EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT
PLAN.

Section 613(b) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5196b(b)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting
‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(7) include a plan for providing information to the public
in a coordinated manner.’’.
42 USC 7257d.

SEC. 152. EXPANDED RESEARCH BY SECRETARY OF ENERGY.

(a) DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION RESEARCH.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In conjunction with the working group
under section 319F(a) of the Public Health Service Act, the
Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the National
Nuclear Security Administration shall expand, enhance, and
intensify research relevant to the rapid detection and identification of pathogens likely to be used in a bioterrorism attack
or other agents that may cause a public health emergency.
(2) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—Activities carried out under
paragraph (1) may include—
(A) the improvement of methods for detecting biological
agents or toxins of potential use in a biological attack
and the testing of such methods under variable conditions;
(B) the improvement or pursuit of methods for testing,
verifying, and calibrating new detection and surveillance
tools and techniques; and
(C) carrying out other research activities in relevant
areas.

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(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National
Nuclear Security Administration shall submit to the Committee
on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Armed
Services of the Senate, and the Committee on Energy and
Commerce and the Committee on Armed Services of the House
of Representatives, a report setting forth the programs and
projects that will be funded prior to the obligation of funds
appropriated under subsection (b).
(b) AUTHORIZATION.—For the purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may
be necessary in each of fiscal years 2002 through 2006.

Deadline.

SEC. 153. EXPANDED RESEARCH ON WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY.

29 USC 669a.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in
this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’), acting through the Director of
the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, shall
enhance and expand research as deemed appropriate on the health
and safety of workers who are at risk for bioterrorist threats or
attacks in the workplace, including research on the health effects
of measures taken to treat or protect such workers for diseases
or disorders resulting from a bioterrorist threat or attack. Nothing
in this section may be construed as establishing new regulatory
authority for the Secretary or the Director to issue or modify any
occupational safety and health rule or regulation.
SEC.

154.

ENHANCEMENT OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS.

OF

(a) READINESS OF DEPARTMENT MEDICAL CENTER.—(1) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall take appropriate actions to enhance
the readiness of Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers
to protect the patients and staff of such centers from chemical
or biological attack or otherwise to respond to such an attack
and so as to enable such centers to fulfil their obligations as
part of the Federal response to public health emegencies.
(2) Actions under paragraph (1) shall include—
(A) the provision of decontamination equipment and personal protection equipment at Department medical centers;
and
(B) the provision of training in the use of such equipment
to staff of such centers.
(b) SECURITY AT DEPARTMENT MEDICAL AND RESEARCH FACILITIES.—(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary shall carry out an evaluation of the
security needs at Department medical centers and research facilities. The evaluation shall address the following needs:
(A) Needs for the protection of patients and medical staff
during emergencies, including a chemical or biological attack
or other terrorist attack.
(B) Needs, if any, for screening personnel engaged in
research relating to biological pathogens or agents, including
work associated with such research.
(C) Needs for securing laboratories or other facilities
engaged in research relating to biological pathogens or agents.
(D) Any other needs the Secretary considers appropriate.
(2) The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to enhance
the security of Department medical centers and research facilities,
including staff and patients at such centers and facilities. In taking

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116 STAT. 632

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such actions, the Secretary shall take into account the results
of the evaluation required by paragraph (1).
(c) TRACKING OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES
AND EQUIPMENT.—The Secretary shall develop and maintain a centralized system for tracking the current location and availability
of pharmaceuticals, medical supplies, and medical equipment
throughout the Department health care system in order to permit
the ready identification and utilization of such pharmaceuticals,
supplies, and equipment for a variety of purposes, including
response to a chemical or biological attack or other terrorist attack.
(d) TRAINING.—The Secretary shall ensure that the Department
medical centers, in consultation with the accredited medical school
affiliates of such medical centers, develop and implement curricula
to train resident physicians and health care personnel in medical
matters relating to biological, chemical, or radiological attacks.
(e) PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL DISASTER MEDICAL SYSTEM.—
(1) The Secretary shall, in consultation with the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the
Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, establish
and maintain a training program to facilitate the participation
of the staff of Department medical centers, and of the community
partners of such centers, in the National Disaster Medical System.
(2) The Secretary shall establish and maintain the training
program under paragraph (1) in accordance with the recommendations of the working group under section 319F(a) of the Public
Health Service Act.
(f) MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING.—(1) With respect to activities
conducted by personnel serving at Department medical centers,
the Secretary shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Health
and Human Services, the American Red Cross, and the working
group under section 319F(a) of the Public Health Service Act,
develop and maintain various strategies for providing mental health
counseling and assistance, including counseling and assistance for
post-traumatic stress disorder, to local and community emergency
response providers, veterans, active duty military personnel, and
individuals seeking care at Department medical centers following
a bioterrorist attack or other public health emergency.
(2) The strategies under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) Training and certification of providers of mental health
counseling and assistance.
(B) Mechanisms for coordinating the provision of mental
health counseling and assistance to emergency response providers referred to in that paragraph.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is hereby
authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Veterans
Affairs amounts as follows:
(1) To carry out activities required by subsection (a)—
(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2002; and
(B) such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal
years 2003 through 2006.
(2) To carry out activities required by subsections (b)
through (f)—
(A) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2002; and
(B) such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal
years 2003 through 2006.

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116 STAT. 633

SEC. 155. REAUTHORIZATION OF EXISTING PROGRAM.

Section 582(f) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
290hh-1(f)) is amended by striking ‘‘2002 and 2003’’ and inserting
‘‘2003 through 2006’’.
SEC. 156. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

It is the sense of the Congress that—
(1) many excellent university-based programs are already
functioning and developing important biodefense products and
solutions throughout the United States;
(2) accelerating the crucial work done at university centers
and laboratories will contribute significantly to the United
States capacity to defend against any biological threat or attack;
(3) maximizing the effectiveness of, and extending the mission of, established university programs would be one appropriate use of the additional resources provided for in this Act
and the amendments made by this Act; and
(4) the Secretary of Health and Human Services should,
as appropriate, recognize the importance of existing public and
private university-based research, training, public awareness,
and safety related biological defense programs when the Secretary makes awards of grants and contracts in accordance
with this Act and the amendments made by this Act.
SEC. 157. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE REPORT.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General shall submit to
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and to the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, a report that describes—
(1) Federal activities primarily related to research on,
preparedness for, and the management of the public health
and medical consequences of a bioterrorist attack against the
civilian population;
(2) the coordination of the activities described in paragraph
(1);
(3) the effectiveness of such efforts in preparing national,
State, and local authorities to address the public health and
medical consequences of a potential bioterrorist attack against
the civilian population;
(4) the activities and costs of the Civil Support Teams
of the National Guard in responding to biological threats or
attacks against the civilian population;
(5) the activities of the working group under subsection
(a) and the efforts made by such group to carry out the activities
described in such subsection; and
(6) the ability of private sector contractors to enhance
governmental responses to biological threats or attacks.

42 USC 300hh
note.

SEC. 158. CERTAIN AWARDS.

Section 319(a) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
247d(a)) is amended in the matter after and below paragraph (2)
by striking ‘‘grants and’’ and inserting ‘‘grants, providing awards
for expenses, and’’.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

Community
Access to
Emergency
Defibrillation Act
of 2002.
42 USC 201 note.
42 USC 244 note.

SEC. 159. PUBLIC ACCESS DEFIBRILLATION PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC
ACCESS DEFIBRILLATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.

42 USC 244.

‘‘SEC. 312. PUBLIC ACCESS DEFIBRILLATION PROGRAMS.

Grants.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award grants to States,
political subdivisions of States, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations to develop and implement public access defibrillation
programs—
‘‘(1) by training and equipping local emergency medical
services personnel, including firefighters, police officers, paramedics, emergency medical technicians, and other first
responders, to administer immediate care, including
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external
defibrillation, to cardiac arrest victims;
‘‘(2) by purchasing automated external defibrillators,
placing the defibrillators in public places where cardiac arrests
are likely to occur, and training personnel in such places to
administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated
external defibrillation to cardiac arrest victims;
‘‘(3) by setting procedures for proper maintenance and
testing of such devices, according to the guidelines of the manufacturers of the devices;
‘‘(4) by providing training to members of the public in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external
defibrillation;
‘‘(5) by integrating the emergency medical services system
with the public access defibrillation programs so that emergency

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(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the ‘‘Community
Access to Emergency Defibrillation Act of 2002’’.
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Over 220,000 Americans die each year from cardiac
arrest. Every 2 minutes, an individual goes into cardiac arrest
in the United States.
(2) The chance of successfully returning to a normal heart
rhythm diminishes by 10 percent each minute following sudden
cardiac arrest.
(3) Eighty percent of cardiac arrests are caused by ventricular fibrillation, for which defibrillation is the only effective
treatment.
(4) Sixty percent of all cardiac arrests occur outside the
hospital. The average national survival rate for out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest is only 5 percent.
(5) Communities that have established and implemented
public access defibrillation programs have achieved average
survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as high as 50
percent.
(6) According to the American Heart Association, wide use
of defibrillators could save as many as 50,000 lives nationally
each year.
(7) Successful public access defibrillation programs ensure
that cardiac arrest victims have access to early 911 notification,
early cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early defibrillation, and
early advanced care.
(c) PUBLIC ACCESS DEFIBRILLATION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS.—
Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
243 et seq.), as amended by Public Law 106–310, is amended
by adding after section 311 the following:

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medical services personnel, including dispatchers, are informed
about the location of automated external defibrillators in their
community; and
‘‘(6) by encouraging private companies, including small
businesses, to purchase automated external defibrillators and
provide training for their employees to administer
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and external automated
defibrillation to cardiac arrest victims in their community.
‘‘(b) PREFERENCE.—In awarding grants under subsection (a),
the Secretary shall give a preference to a State, political subdivision
of a State, Indian tribe, or tribal organization that—
‘‘(1) has a particularly low local survival rate for cardiac
arrests, or a particularly low local response rate for cardiac
arrest victims; or
‘‘(2) demonstrates in its application the greatest commitment to establishing and maintaining a public access
defibrillation program.
‘‘(c) USE OF FUNDS.—A State, political subdivision of a State,
Indian tribe, or tribal organization that receives a grant under
subsection (a) may use funds received through such grant to—
‘‘(1) purchase automated external defibrillators that have
been approved, or cleared for marketing, by the Food and
Drug Administration;
‘‘(2) provide automated external defibrillation and basic
life support training in automated external defibrillator usage
through nationally recognized courses;
‘‘(3) provide information to community members about the
public access defibrillation program to be funded with the grant;
‘‘(4) provide information to the local emergency medical
services system regarding the placement of automated external
defibrillators in public places;
‘‘(5) produce materials to encourage private companies,
including small businesses, to purchase automated external
defibrillators; and
‘‘(6) further develop strategies to improve access to automated external defibrillators in public places.
‘‘(d) APPLICATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a grant under
subsection (a), a State, political subdivision of a State, Indian
tribe, or tribal organization shall prepare and submit an
application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner,
and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require.
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall—
‘‘(A) describe the comprehensive public access
defibrillation program to be funded with the grant and
demonstrate how such program would make automated
external defibrillation accessible and available to cardiac
arrest victims in the community;
‘‘(B) contain procedures for implementing appropriate
nationally recognized training courses in performing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automated
external defibrillators;
‘‘(C) contain procedures for ensuring direct involvement
of a licensed medical professional and coordination with

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116 STAT. 636

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

the local emergency medical services system in the oversight of training and notification of incidents of the use
of the automated external defibrillators;
‘‘(D) contain procedures for proper maintenance and
testing of the automated external defibrillators, according
to the labeling of the manufacturer;
‘‘(E) contain procedures for ensuring notification of
local emergency medical services system personnel,
including dispatchers, of the location and type of devices
used in the public access defibrillation program; and
‘‘(F) provide for the collection of data regarding the
effectiveness of the public access defibrillation program
to be funded with the grant in affecting the out-of-hospital
cardiac arrest survival rate.
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
$25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003, and such sums as may be necessary
for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2006. Not more than
10 percent of amounts received under a grant awarded under this
section may be used for administrative expenses.
42 USC 245.

‘‘SEC.

313.

PUBLIC ACCESS
PROJECTS.

DEFIBRILLATION

DEMONSTRATION

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award grants to political
subdivisions of States, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations to
develop and implement innovative, comprehensive, communitybased public access defibrillation demonstration projects that—
‘‘(1) provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated
external defibrillation to cardiac arrest victims in unique settings;
‘‘(2) provide training to community members in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external
defibrillation; and
‘‘(3) maximize community access to automated external
defibrillators.
‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS.—A recipient of a grant under subsection
(a) shall use the funds provided through the grant to—
‘‘(1) purchase automated external defibrillators that have
been approved, or cleared for marketing, by the Food and
Drug Administration;
‘‘(2) provide basic life training in automated external
defibrillator usage through nationally recognized courses;
‘‘(3) provide information to community members about the
public access defibrillation demonstration project to be funded
with the grant;
‘‘(4) provide information to the local emergency medical
services system regarding the placement of automated external
defibrillators in the unique settings; and
‘‘(5) further develop strategies to improve access to automated external defibrillators in public places.
‘‘(c) APPLICATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to receive a grant under
subsection (a), a political subdivision of a State, Indian tribe,
or tribal organization shall prepare and submit an application
to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing
such information as the Secretary may reasonably require.

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‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—An application submitted under paragraph (1) may—
‘‘(A) describe the innovative, comprehensive, community-based public access defibrillation demonstration
project to be funded with the grant;
‘‘(B) explain how such public access defibrillation demonstration project represents innovation in providing public
access to automated external defibrillation; and
‘‘(C) provide for the collection of data regarding the
effectiveness of the demonstration project to be funded
with the grant in—
‘‘(i) providing emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation to cardiac arrest victims in the setting served by the demonstration project; and
‘‘(ii) affecting the cardiac arrest survival rate in
the setting served by the demonstration project.
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each
of fiscal years 2002 through 2006. Not more than 10 percent of
amounts received under a grant awarded under this section may
be used for administrative expenses.’’.

TITLE II—ENHANCING CONTROLS ON
DANGEROUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
AND TOXINS
Subtitle A—Department of Health and
Human Services
SEC. 201. REGULATION OF CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.

(a) BIOLOGICAL AGENTS PROVISIONS OF THE ANTITERRORISM
EFFECTIVE DEATH PENALTY ACT OF 1996; CODIFICATION IN
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT, WITH AMENDMENTS.—Subpart
1 of part F of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
262 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 351 the following:

AND
THE

‘‘SEC.

AND

VerDate 11-MAY-2000

351A.

ENHANCED CONTROL
AGENTS AND TOXINS.

OF

DANGEROUS

BIOLOGICAL

42 USC 262a.

‘‘(a) REGULATORY CONTROL OF CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
TOXINS.—
‘‘(1) LIST OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall by regulation
establish and maintain a list of each biological agent and
each toxin that has the potential to pose a severe threat
to public health and safety.
‘‘(B) CRITERIA.—In determining whether to include an
agent or toxin on the list under subparagraph (A), the
Secretary shall—
‘‘(i) consider—
‘‘(I) the effect on human health of exposure
to the agent or toxin;

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‘‘(II) the degree of contagiousness of the agent
or toxin and the methods by which the agent or
toxin is transferred to humans;
‘‘(III) the availability and effectiveness of
pharmacotherapies and immunizations to treat
and prevent any illness resulting from infection
by the agent or toxin; and
‘‘(IV) any other criteria, including the needs
of children and other vulnerable populations, that
the Secretary considers appropriate; and
‘‘(ii) consult with appropriate Federal departments
and agencies and with scientific experts representing
appropriate professional groups, including groups with
pediatric expertise.
‘‘(2) BIENNIAL REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review and
republish the list under paragraph (1) biennially, or more often
as needed, and shall by regulation revise the list as necessary
in accordance with such paragraph.
‘‘(b) REGULATION OF TRANSFERS OF LISTED AGENTS AND
TOXINS.—The Secretary shall by regulation provide for—
‘‘(1) the establishment and enforcement of safety procedures
for the transfer of listed agents and toxins, including measures
to ensure—
‘‘(A) proper training and appropriate skills to handle
such agents and toxins; and
‘‘(B) proper laboratory facilities to contain and dispose
of such agents and toxins;
‘‘(2) the establishment and enforcement of safeguard and
security measures to prevent access to such agents and toxins
for use in domestic or international terrorism or for any other
criminal purpose;
‘‘(3) the establishment of procedures to protect the public
safety in the event of a transfer or potential transfer of such
an agent or toxin in violation of the safety procedures established under paragraph (1) or the safeguard and security measures established under paragraph (2); and
‘‘(4) appropriate availability of biological agents and toxins
for research, education, and other legitimate purposes.
‘‘(c) POSSESSION AND USE OF LISTED AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the establishment
and enforcement of standards and procedures governing the possession and use of listed agents and toxins, including the provisions
described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b), in order
to protect the public health and safety.
‘‘(d) REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE.—
‘‘(1) REGISTRATION.—Regulations under subsections (b) and
(c) shall require registration with the Secretary of the possession, use, and transfer of listed agents and toxins, and shall
include provisions to ensure that persons seeking to register
under such regulations have a lawful purpose to possess, use,
or transfer such agents and toxins, including provisions in
accordance with subsection (e)(6).
‘‘(2) IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE.—Regulations under subsections (b) and (c) shall require that registration include (if
available to the person registering) information regarding the
characterization of listed agents and toxins to facilitate their

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identification, including their source. The Secretary shall maintain a national database that includes the names and locations
of registered persons, the listed agents and toxins such persons
are possessing, using, or transferring, and information
regarding the characterization of such agents and toxins.
‘‘(e) SAFEGUARD AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTERED
PERSONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections (b) and
(c) shall include appropriate safeguard and security requirements for persons possessing, using, or transferring a listed
agent or toxin commensurate with the risk such agent or toxin
poses to public health and safety (including the risk of use
in domestic or international terrorism). The Secretary shall
establish such requirements in consultation with the Attorney
General, and shall ensure compliance with such requirements
as part of the registration system under such regulations.
‘‘(2) LIMITING ACCESS TO LISTED AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
Requirements under paragraph (1) shall include provisions to
ensure that registered persons—
‘‘(A) provide access to listed agents and toxins to only
those individuals whom the registered person involved
determines have a legitimate need to handle or use such
agents and toxins;
‘‘(B) submit the names and other identifying information for such individuals to the Secretary and the Attorney
General, promptly after first determining that the individuals need access under subparagraph (A), and periodically
thereafter while the individuals have such access, not less
frequently than once every five years;
‘‘(C) deny access to such agents and toxins by individuals whom the Attorney General has identified as restricted
persons; and
‘‘(D) limit or deny access to such agents and toxins
by individuals whom the Attorney General has identified
as within any category under paragraph (3)(B)(ii), if limiting or denying such access by the individuals involved
is determined appropriate by the Secretary, in consultation
with the Attorney General.
‘‘(3) SUBMITTED NAMES; USE OF DATABASES BY ATTORNEY
GENERAL.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon the receipt of names and other
identifying information under paragraph (2)(B), the
Attorney General shall, for the sole purpose of identifying
whether the individuals involved are within any of the
categories specified in subparagraph (B), promptly use
criminal, immigration, national security, and other electronic databases that are available to the Federal Government and are appropriate for such purpose.
‘‘(B) CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the categories specified in this subparagraph
regarding an individual are that—
‘‘(i) the individual is a restricted person; or
‘‘(ii) the individual is reasonably suspected by any
Federal law enforcement or intelligence agency of—
‘‘(I) committing a crime set forth in section
2332b(g)(5) of title 18, United States Code;

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
‘‘(II) knowing involvement with an organization that engages in domestic or international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of such title
18) or with any other organization that engages
in intentional crimes of violence; or
‘‘(III) being an agent of a foreign power (as
defined in section 1801 of title 50, United States
Code).
‘‘(C) NOTIFICATION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL REGARDING
SUBMITTED NAMES.—After the receipt of a name and other
identifying information under paragraph (2)(B), the
Attorney General shall promptly notify the Secretary
whether the individual is within any of the categories
specified in subparagraph (B).
‘‘(4) NOTIFICATIONS BY SECRETARY.—The Secretary, after
receiving notice under paragraph (3) regarding an individual,
shall promptly notify the registered person involved of whether
the individual is granted or denied access under paragraph
(2). If the individual is denied such access, the Secretary shall
promptly notify the individual of the denial.
‘‘(5) EXPEDITED REVIEW.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall provide for a procedure through which, upon
request to the Secretary by a registered person who submits
names and other identifying information under paragraph
(2)(B) and who demonstrates good cause, the Secretary may,
as determined appropriate by the Secretary—
‘‘(A) request the Attorney General to expedite the
process of identification under paragraph (3)(A) and
notification of the Secretary under paragraph (3)(C); and
‘‘(B) expedite the notification of the registered person
by the Secretary under paragraph (4).
‘‘(6) PROCESS REGARDING PERSONS SEEKING TO REGISTER.—
‘‘(A) INDIVIDUALS.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall provide that an individual who seeks to register under either of such subsections is subject to the
same processes described in paragraphs (2) through (4)
as apply to names and other identifying information submitted to the Attorney General under paragraph (2)(B).
Paragraph (5) does not apply for purposes of this subparagraph.
‘‘(B) OTHER PERSONS.—Regulations under subsections
(b) and (c) shall provide that, in determining whether to
deny or revoke registration by a person other than an
individual, the Secretary shall submit the name of such
person to the Attorney General, who shall use criminal,
immigration, national security, and other electronic databases available to the Federal Government, as appropriate
for the purpose of promptly notifying the Secretary whether
the person, or, where relevant, the individual who owns
or controls such person, is a restricted person or is reasonably suspected by any Federal law enforcement or intelligence agency of being within any category specified in
paragraph (3)(B)(ii) (as applied to persons, including
individuals). Such regulations shall provide that a person
who seeks to register under either of such subsections
is subject to the same processes described in paragraphs

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(2) and (4) as apply to names and other identifying information submitted to the Attorney General under paragraph
(2)(B). Paragraph (5) does not apply for purposes of this
subparagraph. The Secretary may exempt Federal, State,
or local governmental agencies from the requirements of
this subparagraph.
‘‘(7) REVIEW.—
‘‘(A) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections
(b) and (c) shall provide for an opportunity for a review
by the Secretary—
‘‘(I) when requested by the individual involved,
of a determination under paragraph (2) to deny
the individual access to listed agents and toxins;
and
‘‘(II) when requested by the person involved,
of a determination under paragraph (6) to deny
or revoke registration for such person.
‘‘(ii) EX PARTE REVIEW.—During a review under
clause (i), the Secretary may consider information relevant to the review ex parte to the extent that disclosure of the information could compromise national
security or an investigation by any law enforcement
agency.
‘‘(iii) FINAL AGENCY ACTION.—The decision of the
Secretary in a review under clause (i) constitutes final
agency action for purposes of section 702 of title 5,
United States Code.
‘‘(B) CERTAIN PROCEDURES.—
‘‘(i) SUBMISSION OF EX PARTE MATERIALS IN
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.—When reviewing a decision of
the Secretary under subparagraph (A), and upon
request made ex parte and in writing by the United
States, a court, upon a sufficient showing, may review
and consider ex parte documents containing information the disclosure of which could compromise national
security or an investigation by any law enforcement
agency. If the court determines that portions of the
documents considered ex parte should be disclosed to
the person involved to allow a response, the court
shall authorize the United States to delete from such
documents specified items of information the disclosure
of which could compromise national security or an
investigation by any law enforcement agency, or to
substitute a summary of the information to which the
person may respond. Any order by the court authorizing the disclosure of information that the United
States believes could compromise national security or
an investigation by any law enforcement agency shall
be subject to the processes set forth in subparagraphs
(A) and (B)(i) of section 2339B(f)(5) of title 18, United
States Code (relating to interlocutory appeal and expedited consideration).
‘‘(ii) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—In a review
under subparagraph (A), and in any judical proceeding
conducted pursuant to such review, neither the Secretary nor the Attorney General may be required to

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disclose to the public any information that under subsection (h) shall not be disclosed under section 552
of title 5, United States Code.
‘‘(8) NOTIFICATIONS REGARDING THEFT OR LOSS OF AGENTS.—
Requirements under paragraph (1) shall include the prompt
notification of the Secretary, and appropriate Federal, State,
and local law enforcement agencies, of the theft or loss of
listed agents and toxins.
‘‘(9) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR REGISTERED PERSONS.—
The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, may
provide technical assistance to registered persons to improve
security of the facilities of such persons.
‘‘(f) INSPECTIONS.—The Secretary shall have the authority to
inspect persons subject to regulations under subsection (b) or (c)
to ensure their compliance with such regulations, including prohibitions on restricted persons and other provisions of subsection (e).
‘‘(g) EXEMPTIONS.—
‘‘(1) CLINICAL OR DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES.—Regulations
under subsections (b) and (c) shall exempt clinical or diagnostic
laboratories and other persons who possess, use, or transfer
listed agents or toxins that are contained in specimens presented for diagnosis, verification, or proficiency testing, provided that—
‘‘(A) the identification of such agents or toxins is
reported to the Secretary, and when required under Federal, State, or local law, to other appropriate authorities;
and
‘‘(B) such agents or toxins are transferred or destroyed
in a manner set forth by the Secretary by regulation.
‘‘(2) PRODUCTS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall exempt products that are, bear, or contain
listed agents or toxins and are cleared, approved, licensed,
or registered under any of the Acts specified in subparagraph (B), unless the Secretary by order determines that
applying additional regulation under subsection (b) or (c)
to a specific product is necessary to protect public health
and safety.
‘‘(B) RELEVANT LAWS.—For purposes of subparagraph
(A), the Acts specified in this subparagraph are the following:
‘‘(i) The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
‘‘(ii) Section 351 of this Act.
‘‘(iii) The Act commonly known as the VirusSerum-Toxin Act (the eighth paragraph under the
heading ‘Bureau of Animal Industry’ in the Act of
March 4, 1913; 21 U.S.C. 151–159).
‘‘(iv) The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act.
‘‘(C) INVESTIGATIONAL USE.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may exempt an
investigational product that is, bears, or contains a
listed agent or toxin from the applicability of provisions
of regulations under subsection (b) or (c) when such
product is being used in an investigation authorized
under any Federal Act and the Secretary determines
that applying additional regulation under subsection

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(b) or (c) to such product is not necessary to protect
public health and safety.
‘‘(ii) CERTAIN PROCESSES.—Regulations under subsections (b) and (c) shall set forth the procedures for
applying for an exemption under clause (i). In the
case of investigational products authorized under any
of the Acts specified in subparagraph (B), the Secretary
shall make a determination regarding a request for
an exemption not later than 14 days after the first
date on which both of the following conditions have
been met by the person requesting the exemption:
‘‘(I) The person has submitted to the Secretary
an application for the exemption meeting the
requirements established by the Secretary.
‘‘(II) The person has notified the Secretary
that the investigation has been authorized under
such an Act.
‘‘(3) PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.—The Secretary may
temporarily exempt a person from the applicability of the
requirements of this section, in whole or in part, if the Secretary
determines that such exemption is necessary to provide for
the timely participation of the person in a response to a
domestic or foreign public health emergency (whether determined under section 319(a) or otherwise) that involves a listed
agent or toxin. With respect to the emergency involved, such
exemption for a person may not exceed 30 days, except that
the Secretary, after review of whether such exemption remains
necessary, may provide one extension of an additional 30 days.
‘‘(4) AGRICULTURAL EMERGENCIES.—Upon request of the
Secretary of Agriculture, after the granting by such Secretary
of an exemption under section 212(g)(1)(D) of the Agricultural
Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 pursuant to a finding that
there is an agricultural emergency, the Secretary of Health
and Human Services may temporarily exempt a person from
the applicability of the requirements of this section, in whole
or in part, to provide for the timely participation of the person
in a response to the agricultural emergency. With respect to
the emergency involved, the exemption under this paragraph
for a person may not exceed 30 days, except that upon request
of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services may, after review of whether such exemption
remains necessary, provide one extension of an additional 30
days.
‘‘(h) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—
‘‘(1) NONDISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.—No Federal agency specified in paragraph (2) shall disclose under
section 552 of title 5, United States Code, any of the following:
‘‘(A) Any registration or transfer documentation submitted under subsections (b) and (c) for the possession,
use, or transfer of a listed agent or toxin; or information
derived therefrom to the extent that it identifies the listed
agent or toxin possessed, used, or transferred by a specific
registered person or discloses the identity or location of
a specific registered person.
‘‘(B) The national database developed pursuant to subsection (d), or any other compilation of the registration
or transfer information submitted under subsections (b)

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and (c) to the extent that such compilation discloses sitespecific registration or transfer information.
‘‘(C) Any portion of a record that discloses the sitespecific or transfer-specific safeguard and security measures used by a registered person to prevent unauthorized
access to listed agents and toxins.
‘‘(D) Any notification of a release of a listed agent
or toxin submitted under subsections (b) and (c), or any
notification of theft or loss submitted under such subsections.
‘‘(E) Any portion of an evaluation or report of an inspection of a specific registered person conducted under subsection (f) that identifies the listed agent or toxin possessed
by a specific registered person or that discloses the identity
or location of a specific registered person if the agency
determines that public disclosure of the information would
endanger public health or safety.
‘‘(2) COVERED AGENCIES.—For purposes of paragraph (1)
only, the Federal agencies specified in this paragraph are the
following:
‘‘(A) The Department of Health and Human Services,
the Department of Justice, the Department of Agriculture,
and the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(B) Any Federal agency to which information specified
in paragraph (1) is transferred by any agency specified
in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
‘‘(C) Any Federal agency that is a registered person,
or has a sub-agency component that is a registered person.
‘‘(D) Any Federal agency that awards grants or enters
into contracts or cooperative agreements involving listed
agents and toxins to or with a registered person, and
to which information specified in paragraph (1) is transferred by any such registered person.
‘‘(3) OTHER EXEMPTIONS.—This subsection may not be construed as altering the application of any exemptions to public
disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code,
except as to subsection 552(b)(3) of such title, to any of the
information specified in paragraph (1).
‘‘(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Except as specifically provided in paragraph (1), this subsection may not be construed
as altering the authority of any Federal agency to withhold
under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, or the obligation of any Federal agency to disclose under section 552 of
title 5, United States Code, any information, including information relating to—
‘‘(A) listed agents and toxins, or individuals seeking
access to such agents and toxins;
‘‘(B) registered persons, or persons seeking to register
their possession, use, or transfer of such agents and toxins;
‘‘(C) general safeguard and security policies and
requirements under regulations under subsections (b) and
(c); or
‘‘(D) summary or statistical information concerning registrations, registrants, denials or revocations of registrations, listed agents and toxins, inspection evaluations and
reports, or individuals seeking access to such agents and
toxins.

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‘‘(5) DISCLOSURES TO CONGRESS; OTHER DISCLOSURES.—This
subsection may not be construed as providing any authority—
‘‘(A) to withhold information from the Congress or any
committee or subcommittee thereof; or
‘‘(B) to withhold information from any person under
any other Federal law or treaty.
‘‘(i) CIVIL MONEY PENALTY.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other penalties that
may apply under law, any person who violates any provision
of regulations under subsection (b) or (c) shall be subject to
the United States for a civil money penalty in an amount
not exceeding $250,000 in the case of an individual and
$500,000 in the case of any other person.
‘‘(2) APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.—The provisions
of section 1128A of the Social Security Act (other than subsections (a), (b), (h), and (i), the first sentence of subsection
(c), and paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (f)) shall apply
to a civil money penalty under paragraph (1) in the same
manner as such provisions apply to a penalty or proceeding
under section 1128A(a) of such Act. The Secretary may delegate
authority under this subsection in the same manner as provided
in section 1128A(j)(2) of the Social Security Act, and such
authority shall include all powers as contained in section 6
of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.).
‘‘(j) NOTIFICATION IN EVENT OF RELEASE.—Regulations under
subsections (b) and (c) shall require the prompt notification of
the Secretary by a registered person whenever a release, meeting
criteria established by the Secretary, of a listed agent or toxin
has occurred outside of the biocontainment area of a facility of
the registered person. Upon receipt of such notification and a finding
by the Secretary that the release poses a threat to public health
or safety, the Secretary shall take appropriate action to notify
relevant State and local public health authorities, other relevant
Federal authorities, and, if necessary, other appropriate persons
(including the public). If the released listed agent or toxin is an
overlap agent or toxin (as defined in subsection (l)), the Secretary
shall promptly notify the Secretary of Agriculture upon notification
by the registered person.
‘‘(k) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall report to the Congress
annually on the number and nature of notifications received under
subsection (e)(8) (relating to theft or loss) and subsection (j) (relating
to releases).
‘‘(l) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
‘‘(1) The terms ‘biological agent’ and ‘toxin’ have the
meanings given such terms in section 178 of title 18, United
States Code.
‘‘(2) The term ‘listed agents and toxins’ means biological
agents and toxins listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(3) The term ‘listed agents or toxins’ means biological
agents or toxins listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(4) The term ‘overlap agents and toxins’ means biological
agents and toxins that—
‘‘(A) are listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1); and
‘‘(B) are listed pursuant to section 212(a)(1) of the
Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002.
‘‘(5) The term ‘overlap agent or toxin’ means a biological
agent or toxin that—

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116 STAT. 646

Deadline.
42 USC 262a
note.

Deadlines.
42 USC 262a
note.

Guidelines.

Rules.

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‘‘(A) is listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1); and
‘‘(B) is listed pursuant to section 212(a)(1) of the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002.
‘‘(6) The term ‘person’ includes Federal, State, and local
governmental entities.
‘‘(7) The term ‘registered person’ means a person registered
under regulations under subsection (b) or (c).
‘‘(8) The term ‘restricted person’ has the meaning given
such term in section 175b of title 18, United States Code.
‘‘(m) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2002
through 2007.’’.
(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than one year after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services, after consultation with other appropriate Federal
agencies, shall submit to the Congress a report that—
(1) describes the extent to which there has been compliance
by governmental and private entities with applicable regulations under section 351A of the Public Health Service Act
(as added by subsection (a) of this section), including the extent
of compliance before the date of the enactment of this Act,
and including the extent of compliance with regulations promulgated after such date of enactment;
(2) describes the actions to date and future plans of the
Secretary for updating the list of biological agents and toxins
under such section 351A;
(3) describes the actions to date and future plans of the
Secretary for determining compliance with regulations under
such section 351A and for taking appropriate enforcement
actions;
(4) evaluates the impact of such section 351A on research
on biological agents and toxins listed pursuant to such section;
and
(5) provides any recommendations of the Secretary for
administrative or legislative initiatives regarding such section
351A.
SEC. 202. IMPLEMENTATION BY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN
SERVICES.

(a) DATE CERTAIN FOR NOTICE OF POSSESSION.—Not later than
90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, all persons
(unless exempt under subsection (g) of section 351A of the Public
Health Service Act, as added by section 201 of this Act) in possession
of biological agents or toxins listed under such section 351A of
the Public Health Service Act shall notify the Secretary of Health
and Human Services of such possession. Not later than 30 days
after such date of enactment, the Secretary shall provide written
guidance on how such notice is to be provided to the Secretary.
(b) DATE CERTAIN FOR PROMULGATION; EFFECTIVE DATE
REGARDING CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PENALTIES.—Not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of Health and Human Services shall promulgate an interim final
rule for carrying out section 351A of the Public Health Service
Act, subject to subsection (c). Such interim final rule shall take
effect 60 days after the date on which such rule is promulgated,
including for purposes of—

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116 STAT. 647

(1) section 175b(c) of title 18, United States Code (relating
to criminal penalties), as added by section 231(a)(5) of this
Act; and
(2) section 351A(i) of the Public Health Service Act (relating
to civil penalties).
(c) TRANSITIONAL PROVISION REGARDING CURRENT RESEARCH
AND EDUCATION.—The interim final rule under subsection (b) shall
include time frames for the applicability of the rule that minimize
disruption of research or educational projects that involve biological
agents and toxins listed pursuant to section 351A(a)(1) of the Public
Health Service Act and that were underway as of the effective
date of such rule.
SEC. 203. EFFECTIVE DATES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Regulations promulgated by the Secretary
of Health and Human Services under section 511 of the
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 are deemed
to have been promulgated under section 351A of the Public Health
Service Act, as added by section 201 of this Act. Such regulations,
including the list under subsection (d)(1) of such section 511, that
were in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of
this Act remain in effect until modified by the Secretary in accordance with such section 351A and with section 202 of this Act.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE REGARDING DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—Subsection (h) of section 351A of the Public Health Service
Act, as added by section 201 of this Act, is deemed to have taken
effect on the effective date of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death
Penalty Act of 1996.

42 USC 262a
note.

SEC. 204. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.

Subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) of section 511 of the
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C.
262 note) are repealed.

Subtitle B—Department of Agriculture
SEC. 211. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Agricultural Bioterrorism
Protection Act of 2002’’.
SEC. 212. REGULATION OF CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.

Agricultural
Bioterrorism
Protection Act of
2002.
7 USC 8401 note.

7 USC 8401.

(a) REGULATORY CONTROL OF CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND
TOXINS.—
(1) LIST OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall
by regulation establish and maintain a list of each
biological agent and each toxin that the Secretary determines has the potential to pose a severe threat to animal
or plant health, or to animal or plant products.
(B) CRITERIA.—In determining whether to include an
agent or toxin on the list under subparagraph (A), the
Secretary shall—
(i) consider—
(I) the effect of exposure to the agent or toxin
on animal or plant health, and on the production
and marketability of animal or plant products;

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116 STAT. 648

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Safety.

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(II) the pathogenicity of the agent or the toxicity of the toxin and the methods by which the
agent or toxin is transferred to animals or plants;
(III) the availability and effectiveness of
pharmacotherapies and prophylaxis to treat and
prevent any illness caused by the agent or toxin;
and
(IV) any other criteria that the Secretary considers appropriate to protect animal or plant
health, or animal or plant products; and
(ii) consult with appropriate Federal departments
and agencies and with scientific experts representing
appropriate professional groups.
(2) BIENNIAL REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review and
republish the list under paragraph (1) biennially, or more often
as needed, and shall by regulation revise the list as necessary
in accordance with such paragraph.
(b) REGULATION OF TRANSFERS OF LISTED AGENTS AND
TOXINS.—The Secretary shall by regulation provide for—
(1) the establishment and enforcement of safety procedures
for the transfer of listed agents and toxins, including measures
to ensure—
(A) proper training and appropriate skills to handle
such agents and toxins; and
(B) proper laboratory facilities to contain and dispose
of such agents and toxins;
(2) the establishment and enforcement of safeguard and
security measures to prevent access to such agents and toxins
for use in domestic or international terrorism or for any other
criminal purpose;
(3) the establishment of procedures to protect animal and
plant health, and animal and plant products, in the event
of a transfer or potential transfer of such an agent or toxin
in violation of the safety procedures established under paragraph (1) or the safeguard and security measures established
under paragraph (2); and
(4) appropriate availability of biological agents and toxins
for research, education, and other legitimate purposes.
(c) POSSESSION AND USE OF LISTED AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the establishment
and enforcement of standards and procedures governing the possession and use of listed agents and toxins, including the provisions
described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b), in order
to protect animal and plant health, and animal and plant products.
(d) REGISTRATION; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE.—
(1) REGISTRATION.—Regulations under subsections (b) and
(c) shall require registration with the Secretary of the possession, use, and transfer of listed agents and toxins, and shall
include provisions to ensure that persons seeking to register
under such regulations have a lawful purpose to possess, use,
or transfer such agents and toxins, including provisions in
accordance with subsection (e)(6).
(2) IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE.—Regulations under subsections (b) and (c) shall require that registration include (if
available to the person registering) information regarding the
characterization of listed agents and toxins to facilitate their

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116 STAT. 649

identification, including their source. The Secretary shall maintain a national database that includes the names and locations
of registered persons, the listed agents and toxins such persons
are possessing, using, or transferring, and information
regarding the characterization of such agents and toxins.
(e) SAFEGUARD AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTERED
PERSONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections (b) and
(c) shall include appropriate safeguard and security requirements for persons possessing, using, or transferring a listed
agent or toxin commensurate with the risk such agent or toxin
poses to animal and plant health, and animal and plant products (including the risk of use in domestic or international
terrorism). The Secretary shall establish such requirements
in consultation with the Attorney General, and shall ensure
compliance with such requirements as part of the registration
system under such regulations.
(2) LIMITING ACCESS TO LISTED AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
Requirements under paragraph (1) shall include provisions to
ensure that registered persons—
(A) provide access to listed agents and toxins to only
those individuals whom the registered person involved
determines have a legitimate need to handle or use such
agents and toxins;
(B) submit the names and other identifying information
for such individuals to the Secretary and the Attorney
General, promptly after first determining that the individuals need access under subparagraph (A), and periodically
thereafter while the individuals have such access, not less
frequently than once every five years; and
(C)(i) in the case of listed agents and toxins that are
not overlap agents and toxins (as defined in subsection
(g)(1)(A)(ii)), limit or deny access to such agents and toxins
by individuals whom the Attorney General has identified
as within any category under paragraph (3)(B), if limiting
or denying such access by the individuals involved is determined appropriate by the Secretary, in consultation with
the Attorney General; and
(ii) in the case of listed agents and toxins that are
overlap agents—
(I) deny access to such agents and toxins by
individuals whom the Attorney General has identified as within any category referred to in paragraph (3)(B)(i); and
(II) limit or deny access to such agents and
toxins by individuals whom the Attorney General
has identified as within any category under paragraph (3)(B)(ii), if limiting or denying such access
by the individuals involved is determined appropriate by the Secretary, in consultation with the
Attorney General.
(3) SUBMITTED NAMES; USE OF DATABASES BY ATTORNEY
GENERAL.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon the receipt of names and other
identifying information under paragraph (2)(B), the
Attorney General shall, for the sole purpose of identifying
whether the individuals involved are within any of the

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
categories specified in subparagraph (B), promptly use
criminal, immigration, national security, and other electronic databases that are available to the Federal Government and are appropriate for such purpose.
(B) CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the categories specified in this subparagraph
regarding an individual are that—
(i) the individual is within any of the categories
described in section 175b(d)(1) of title 18, United States
Code (relating to restricted persons); or
(ii) the individual is reasonably suspected by any
Federal law enforcement or intelligence agency of—
(I) committing a crime set forth in section
2332b(g)(5) of title 18, United States Code;
(II) knowing involvement with an organization
that engages in domestic or international terrorism
(as defined in section 2331 of such title 18) or
with any other organization that engages in intentional crimes of violence; or
(III) being an agent of a foreign power (as
defined in section 1801 of title 50, United States
Code).
(C) NOTIFICATION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL REGARDING
SUBMITTED NAMES.—After the receipt of a name and other
identifying information under paragraph (2)(B), the
Attorney General shall promptly notify the Secretary
whether the individual is within any of the categories
specified in subparagraph (B).
(4) NOTIFICATIONS BY SECRETARY.—The Secretary, after
receiving notice under paragraph (3) regarding an individual,
shall promptly notify the registered person involved of whether
the individual is granted or denied access under paragraph
(2). If the individual is denied such access, the Secretary shall
promptly notify the individual of the denial.
(5) EXPEDITED REVIEW.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall provide for a procedure through which, upon
request to the Secretary by a registered person who submits
names and other identifying information under paragraph
(2)(B) and who demonstrates good cause, the Secretary may,
as determined appropriate by the Secretary—
(A) request the Attorney General to expedite the
process of identification under paragraph (3)(A) and
notification of the Secretary under paragraph (3)(C); and
(B) expedite the notification of the registered person
by the Secretary under paragraph (4).
(6) PROCESS REGARDING PERSONS SEEKING TO REGISTER.—
(A) INDIVIDUALS.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall provide that an individual who seeks to register under either of such subsections is subject to the
same processes described in paragraphs (2) through (4)
as apply to names and other identifying information submitted to the Attorney General under paragraph (2)(B).
Paragraph (5) does not apply for purposes of this subparagraph.
(B) OTHER PERSONS.—Regulations under subsections
(b) and (c) shall provide that, in determining whether to
deny or revoke registration by a person other than an

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116 STAT. 651

individual, the Secretary shall submit the name of such
person to the Attorney General, who shall use criminal,
immigration, national security, and other electronic databases available to the Federal Government, as appropriate
for the purpose of promptly notifying the Secretary whether
the person, or, where relevant, the individual who owns
or controls such person, is within any of the categories
described in section 175b(d)(1) of title 18, United States
Code (relating to restricted persons), or is reasonably suspected by any Federal law enforcement or intelligence
agency of being within any category specified in paragraph
(3)(B)(ii) (as applied to persons, including individuals). Such
regulations shall provide that a person who seeks to register under either of such subsections is subject to the
same processes described in paragraphs (2) and (4) as
apply to names and other identifying information submitted
to the Attorney General under paragraph (2)(B). Paragraph
(5) does not apply for purposes of this subparagraph. The
Secretary may exempt Federal, State, or local governmental
agencies from the requirements of this subparagraph.
(7) REVIEW.—
(A) ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall provide for an opportunity for a review
by the Secretary—
(I) when requested by the individual involved,
of a determination under paragraph (2) to deny
the individual access to listed agents and toxins;
and
(II) when requested by the person involved,
of a determination under under paragraph (6) to
deny or revoke registration for such person.
(ii) EX PARTE REVIEW.—During a review under
clause (i), the Secretary may consider information relevant to the review ex parte to the extent that disclosure of the information could compromise national
security or an investigation by any law enforcement
agency.
(iii) FINAL AGENCY ACTION.—The decision of the
Secretary in a review under clause (i) constitutes final
agency action for purposes of section 702 of title 5,
United States Code.
(B) CERTAIN PROCEDURES.—
(i) SUBMISSION OF EX PARTE MATERIALS IN JUDICIAL
PROCEEDINGS.—When reviewing a decision of the Secretary under subparagraph (A), and upon request made
ex parte and in writing by the United States, a court,
upon a sufficient showing, may review and consider
ex parte documents containing information the disclosure of which could compromise national security or
an investigation by any law enforcement agency. If
the court determines that portions of the documents
considered ex parte should be disclosed to the person
involved to allow a response, the court shall authorize
the United States to delete from such documents specified items of information the disclosure of which could
compromise national security or an investigation by

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any law enforcement agency, or to substitute a summary of the information to which the person may
respond. Any order by the court authorizing the disclosure of information that the United States believes
could compromise national security or an investigation
by any law enforcement agency shall be subject to
the processes set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B)(i)
of section 2339B(f)(5) of title 18, United States Code
(relating to interlocutory appeal and expedited consideration).
(ii) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—In a review
under subparagraph (A), and in any judical proceeding
conducted pursuant to such review, neither the Secretary nor the Attorney General may be required to
disclose to the public any information that under subsection (h) shall not be disclosed under section 552
of title 5, United States Code.
(8) NOTIFICATIONS REGARDING THEFT OR LOSS OF AGENTS.—
Requirements under paragraph (1) shall include the prompt
notification of the Secretary, and appropriate Federal, State,
and local law enforcement agencies, of the theft or loss of
listed agents and toxins.
(9) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR REGISTERED PERSONS.—The
Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, may provide technical assistance to registered persons to improve security of the facilities of such persons.
(f) INSPECTIONS.—The Secretary shall have the authority to
inspect persons subject to regulations under subsection (b) or (c)
to ensure their compliance with such regulations, including prohibitions on restricted persons and other provisions of subsection (e).
(g) EXEMPTIONS.—
(1) OVERLAP AGENTS AND TOXINS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—
(i) LIMITATION.—In the case of overlap agents and
toxins, exemptions from the applicability of provisions
of regulations under subsection (b) or (c) may be
granted only to the extent provided in this paragraph.
(ii) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
(I) The term ‘‘overlap agents and toxins’’
means biological agents and toxins that—
(aa) are listed pursuant to subsection
(a)(1); and
(bb) are listed pursuant to section
315A(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act.
(II) The term ‘‘overlap agent or toxin’’ means
a biological agent or toxin that—
(aa) is listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1);
and
(bb) is listed pursuant to section
315A(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act.
(B) CLINICAL OR DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES.—Regulations under subsections (b) and (c) shall exempt clinical
or diagnostic laboratories and other persons who possess,
use, or transfer overlap agents or toxins that are contained
in specimens presented for diagnosis, verification, or proficiency testing, provided that—

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(i) the identification of such agents or toxins is
reported to the Secretary, and when required under
Federal, State, or local law, to other appropriate
authorities; and
(ii) such agents or toxins are transferred or
destroyed in a manner set forth by the Secretary by
regulation.
(C) PRODUCTS.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—Regulations under subsections (b)
and (c) shall exempt products that are, bear, or contain
overlap agents or toxins and are cleared, approved,
licensed, or registered under any of the Acts specified
in clause (ii), unless the Secretary by order determines
that applying additional regulation under subsection
(b) or (c) to a specific product is necessary to protect
animal or plant health, or animal or plant products.
(ii) RELEVANT LAWS.—For purposes of clause (i),
the Acts specified in this clause are the following:
(I) The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
(II) Section 351 of the Public Health Service
Act.
(III) The Act commonly known as the VirusSerum-Toxin Act (the eighth paragraph under the
heading ‘‘Bureau of Animal Industry’’ in the Act
of March 4, 1913; 21 U.S.C. 151–159).
(IV) The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act.
(iii) INVESTIGATIONAL USE.—
(I) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may exempt
an investigational product that is, bears, or contains an overlap agent or toxin from the applicability of provisions of regulations under subsection
(b) or (c) when such product is being used in an
investigation authorized under any Federal Act
and the Secretary determines that applying additional regulation under subsection (b) or (c) to
such product is not necessary to protect animal
and plant health, and animal and plant products.
(II) CERTAIN PROCESSES.—Regulations under
subsections (b) and (c) shall set forth the procedures for applying for an exemption under subclause (I). In the case of investigational products
authorized under any of the Acts specified in clause
(ii), the Secretary shall make a determination
regarding a request for an exemption not later
than 14 days after the first date on which both
of the following conditions have been met by the
person requesting the exemption:
(aa) The person has submitted to the Secretary an application for the exemption
meeting the requirements established by the
Secretary.
(bb) The person has notified the Secretary
that the investigation has been authorized
under such an Act.
(D) AGRICULTURAL EMERGENCIES.—The Secretary may
temporarily exempt a person from the applicability of the

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requirements of this section with respect to an overlap
agent or toxin, in whole or in part, if the Secretary determines that such exemption is necessary to provide for
the timely participation of the person in a response to
a domestic or foreign agricultural emergency that involves
such an agent or toxin. With respect to the emergency
involved, the exemption under this subparagraph for a
person may not exceed 30 days, except that the Secretary,
after review of whether such exemption remains necessary,
may provide one extension of an additional 30 days.
(E) PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES.—Upon request of
the Secretary of Health and Human Services, after the
granting by such Secretary of an exemption under
351A(g)(3) of the Public Health Service Act pursuant to
a finding that there is a public health emergency, the
Secretary of Agriculture may temporarily exempt a person
from the applicability of the requirements of this section
with respect to an overlap agent or toxin, in whole or
in part, to provide for the timely participation of the person
in a response to the public health emergency. With respect
to the emergency involved, such exemption for a person
may not exceed 30 days, except that upon request of the
Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary
of Agriculture may, after review of whether such exemption
remains necessary, provide one extension of an additional
30 days.
(2) GENERAL AUTHORITY FOR EXEMPTIONS NOT INVOLVING
OVERLAP AGENTS OR TOXINS.—In the case of listed agents or
toxins that are not overlap agents or toxins, the Secretary
may grant exemptions from the applicability of provisions of
regulations under subsection (b) or (c) if the Secretary determines that such exemptions are consistent with protecting
animal and plant health, and animal and plant products.
(h) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—
(1) NONDISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.—No Federal
agency specified in paragraph (2) shall disclose under section
552 of title 5, United States Code, any of the following:
(A) Any registration or transfer documentation submitted under subsections (b) and (c), or permits issued
prior to the date of the enactment of this Act, for the
possession, use or transfer of a listed agent or toxin; or
information derived therefrom to the extent that it identifies the listed agent or toxin possessed, used or transferred
by a specific person or discloses the identity or location
of a specific person.
(B) The national database developed pursuant to subsection (d), or any other compilation of the registration
or transfer information submitted under subsections (b)
and (c) to the extent that such compilation discloses sitespecific registration or transfer information.
(C) Any portion of a record that discloses the sitespecific or transfer-specific safeguard and security measures used by a registered person to prevent unauthorized
access to listed agents and toxins.
(D) Any notification of a release of a listed agent or
toxin submitted under subsections (b) and (c), or any

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notification of theft or loss submitted under such subsections.
(E) Any portion of an evaluation or report of an inspection of a specific registered person conducted under subsection (f) that identifies the listed agent or toxin possessed
by a specific registered person or that discloses the identity
or location of a specific registered person if the agency
determines that public disclosure of the information would
endanger animal or plant health, or animal or plant products.
(2) COVERED AGENCIES.—For purposes of paragraph (1)
only, the Federal agencies specified in this paragraph are the
following:
(A) The Department of Health and Human Services,
the Department of Justice, the Department of Agriculture,
and the Department of Transportation.
(B) Any Federal agency to which information specified
in paragraph (1) is transferred by any agency specified
in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.
(C) Any Federal agency that is a registered person,
or has a sub-agency component that is a registered person.
(D) Any Federal agency that awards grants or enters
into contracts or cooperative agreements involving listed
agents and toxins to or with a registered person, and
to which information specified in paragraph (1) is transferred by any such registered person.
(3) OTHER EXEMPTIONS.—This subsection may not be construed as altering the application of any exemptions to public
disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code,
except as to subsection 552(b)(3) of such title, to any of the
information specified in paragraph (1).
(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Except as specifically provided in paragraph (1), this subsection may not be construed
as altering the authority of any Federal agency to withhold
under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, or the obligation of any Federal agency to disclose under section 552 of
title 5, United States Code, any information, including information relating to—
(A) listed agents and toxins, or individuals seeking
access to such agents and toxins;
(B) registered persons, or persons seeking to register
their possession, use, or transfer of such agents and toxins;
(C) general safeguard and security policies and requirements under regulations under subsections (b) and (c);
or
(D) summary or statistical information concerning registrations, registrants, denials or revocations of registrations, listed agents and toxins, inspection evaluations and
reports, or individuals seeking access to such agents and
toxins.
(5) DISCLOSURES TO CONGRESS; OTHER DISCLOSURES.—This
subsection may not be construed as providing any authority—
(A) to withhold information from the Congress or any
committee or subcommittee thereof; or
(B) to withhold information from any person under
any other Federal law or treaty.
(i) CIVIL MONEY PENALTY.—

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(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other penalties that
may apply under law, any person who violates any provision
of regulations under subsection (b) or (c) shall be subject to
the United States for a civil money penalty in an amount
not exceeding $250,000 in the case of an individual and
$500,000 in the case of any other person.
(2) APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.—The provisions
of sections 423 and 425(2) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C.
7733 and 7735(2)) shall apply to a civil money penalty or
activity under paragraph (1) in the same manner as such
provisions apply to a penalty or activity under the Plant Protection Act.
(j) NOTIFICATION IN EVENT OF RELEASE.—Regulations under
subsections (b) and (c) shall require the prompt notification of
the Secretary by a registered person whenever a release, meeting
criteria established by the Secretary, of a listed agent or toxin
has occurred outside of the biocontainment area of a facility of
the registered person. Upon receipt of such notification and a finding
by the Secretary that the release poses a threat to animal or
plant health, or animal or plant products, the Secretary shall take
appropriate action to notify relevant Federal, State, and local
authorities, and, if necessary, other appropriate persons (including
the public). If the released listed agent or toxin is an overlap
agent or toxin, the Secretary shall promptly notify the Secretary
of Health and Human Services upon notification by the registered
person.
(k) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall report to the Congress
annually on the number and nature of notifications received under
subsection (e)(8) (relating to theft or loss) and subsection (j) (relating
to releases).
(l) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
(1) The terms ‘‘biological agent’’ and ‘‘toxin’’ have the
meanings given such terms in section 178 of title 18, United
States Code.
(2) The term ‘‘listed agents and toxins’’ means biological
agents and toxins listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
(3) The term ‘‘listed agents or toxins’’ means biological
agents or toxins listed pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
(4) The terms ‘‘overlap agents and toxins’’ and ‘‘overlap
agent or toxin’’ have the meaning given such terms in subsection (g)(1)(A)(ii).
(5) The term ‘‘person’’ includes Federal, State, and local
governmental entities.
(6) The term ‘‘registered person’’ means a person registered
under regulations under subsection (b) or (c).
(7) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(m) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2002
through 2007, in addition to other funds that may be available.

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SEC. 213. IMPLEMENTATION BY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Rules.
7 USC 8401 note.

(a) DATE CERTAIN FOR PROMULGATION OF LIST.—Not later than
60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall
promulgate an interim final rule that establishes the initial list

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under section 212(a)(1). In promulgating such rule, the Secretary
shall provide written guidance on the manner in which the notice
required in subsection (b) is to be provided to the Secretary.
(b) DATE CERTAIN FOR NOTICE OF POSSESSION.—Not later than
60 days after the date on which the Secretary promulgates the
interim final rule under subsection (a), all persons (unless exempt
under section 212(g)) in possession of biological agents or toxins
included on the list referred to in subsection (a) shall notify the
Secretary of such possession.
(c) DATE CERTAIN FOR PROMULGATION; EFFECTIVE DATE
REGARDING CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PENALTIES.—Not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
shall promulgate an interim final rule for carrying out section
212, other than for the list referred to in subsection (a) of this
section (but such rule may incorporate by reference provisions
promulgated pursuant to subsection (a)). Such interim final rule
shall take effect 60 days after the date on which such rule is
promulgated, including for purposes of—
(1) section 175b(c) of title 18, United States Code (relating
to criminal penalties), as added by section 231(a)(5) of this
Act; and
(2) section 212(i) of this Act (relating to civil penalties).
(d) TRANSITIONAL PROVISION REGARDING CURRENT RESEARCH
AND EDUCATION.—The interim final rule under subsection (c) shall
include time frames for the applicability of the rule that minimize
disruption of research or educational projects that involve biological
agents and toxins listed pursuant to section 212(a)(1) and that
were underway as of the effective date of such rule.

Guidelines.

Rules.

Subtitle C—Interagency Coordination
Regarding Overlap Agents and Toxins
SEC. 221. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.

7 USC 8411.

(a) IN GENERAL.—
(1) COORDINATION.—The Secretary of Agriculture and the
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall in accordance
with this section coordinate activities regarding overlap agents
and toxins.
(2) OVERLAP AGENTS AND TOXINS; OTHER TERMS.—For purposes of this section:
(A) The term ‘‘overlap agent or toxin’’ means a
biological agent or toxin that—
(i) is listed pursuant to section 315A(a)(1) of the
Public Health Service Act, as added by section 201
of this Act; and
(ii) is listed pursuant to section 212(a)(1) of this
Act.
(B) The term ‘‘section 351A program’’ means the program under section 351A of the Public Health Service
Act.
(C) The term ‘‘section 212 program’’ means the program
under section 212 of this Act.
(b) CERTAIN MATTERS.—In carrying out the section 351A program and the section 212 program, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture shall, to the

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greatest extent practicable, coordinate activities to achieve the following purposes:
(1) To minimize any conflicts between the regulations
issued under, and activities carried out under, such programs.
(2) To minimize the administrative burden on persons subject to regulation under both of such programs.
(3) To ensure the appropriate availability of biological
agents and toxins for legitimate biomedical, agricultural or
veterinary research, education, or other such purposes.
(4) To ensure that registration information for overlap
agents and toxins under the section 351A and section 212
programs is contained in both the national database under
the section 351A program and the national database under
the section 212 program.
(c) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Promptly after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary
of Health and Human Services shall enter into a memorandum
of understanding regarding overlap agents and toxins that is
in accordance with paragraphs (2) through (4) and contains
such additional provisions as the Secretary of Agriculture and
the Secretary of Health and Human Services determine to
be appropriate.
(2) SINGLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM REGARDING REGISTERED
PERSONS.—The memorandum of understanding under paragraph (1) shall provide for the development and implementation
of a single system of registration for persons who possess,
use, or transfer overlap agents or toxins and are required
to register under both the section 351A program and the section
212 program. For purposes of such system, the memorandum
shall provide for the development and implementation of the
following:
(A) A single registration form through which the person
submitting the form provides all information that is
required for registration under the section 351A program
and all information that is required for registration under
the section 212 program.
(B) A procedure through which a person may choose
to submit the single registration form to the agency administering the section 351A program (in the manner provided
under such program), or to the agency administering the
section 212 program (in the manner provided under such
program).
(C) A procedure through which a copy of a single
registration form received pursuant to subparagraph (B)
by the agency administering one of such programs is
promptly provided to the agency administering the other
program.
(D) A procedure through which the agency receiving
the single registration form under one of such programs
obtains the concurrence of the agency administering the
other program that the requirements for registration under
the other program have been met.
(E) A procedure through which—

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(i) the agency receiving the single registration form
under one of such programs informs the agency administering the other program whether the receiving
agency has denied the registration; and
(ii) each of such agencies ensures that registrations
are entered into the national database of registered
persons that is maintained by each such agency.
(3) PROCESS OF IDENTIFICATION.—With respect to the
process of identification under the section 351A program and
the section 212 program for names and other identifying
information submitted to the Attorney General (relating to
certain categories of individuals and entities), the memorandum
of understanding under paragraph (1) shall provide for the
development and implementation of the following:
(A) A procedure through which a person who is
required to submit information pursuant to such process
makes (in addition to the submission to the Attorney General) a submission, at the option of the person, to either
the agency administering the section 351A program or
the agency administering the section 212 program, but
not both, which submission satisfies the requirement of
submission for both of such programs.
(B) A procedure for the sharing by both of such agencies
of information received from the Attorney General by one
of such agencies pursuant to the submission under subparagraph (A).
(C) A procedure through which the agencies administering such programs concur in determinations that
access to overlap agents and toxins will be granted.
(4) COORDINATION OF INSPECTIONS AND ENFORCEMENT.—
The memorandum of understanding under paragraph (1) shall
provide for the development and implementation of procedures
under which Federal personnel under the section 351A program
and the section 212 program may share responsibilities for
inspections and enforcement activities under such programs
regarding overlap agents and toxins. Activities carried out
under such procedures by one of such programs on behalf
of the other may be carried out with or without reimbursement
by the agency that administers the other program.
(5) DATE CERTAIN FOR IMPLEMENTATION.—The memorandum of understanding under paragraph (1) shall be implemented not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act. Until the single system of registration under paragraph (2) is implemented, persons who possess, use, or transfer
overlap agents or toxins shall register under both the section
351A program and the section 212 program.
(d) JOINT REGULATIONS.—Not later than 18 months after the
date on which the single system of registration under subsection
(c)(2) is implemented, the Secretary of Health and Human Services
and the Secretary of Agriculture shall jointly issue regulations
for the possession, use, and transfer of overlap agents and toxins
that meet the requirements of both the section 351A program
and the section 212 program.

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Subtitle D—Criminal Penalties Regarding
Certain Biological Agents and Toxins
SEC. 231. CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 175b of title 18, United States Code,
as added by section 817 of Public Law 107–56, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(1)’’;
(2) by transferring subsection (c) from the current placement of the subsection and inserting the subsection before
subsection (b);
(3) by striking ‘‘(c)’’ and inserting ‘‘(2);
(4) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (d); and
(5) by inserting before subsection (d) (as so redesignated)
the following subsections:
‘‘(b) TRANSFER TO UNREGISTERED PERSON.—
‘‘(1) SELECT AGENTS.—Whoever transfers a select agent
to a person who the transferor knows or has reasonable cause
to believe is not registered as required by regulations under
subsection (b) or (c) of section 351A of the Public Health Service
Act shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more
than 5 years, or both.
‘‘(2) CERTAIN OTHER BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.—Whoever transfers a biological agent or toxin listed pursuant to
section 212(a)(1) of the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection
Act of 2002 to a person who the transferor knows or has
reasonable cause to believe is not registered as required by
regulations under subsection (b) or (c) of section 212 of such
Act shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more
than 5 years, or both.
‘‘(c) UNREGISTERED FOR POSSESSION.—
‘‘(1) SELECT AGENTS.—Whoever knowingly possesses a
biological agent or toxin where such agent or toxin is a select
agent for which such person has not obtained a registration
required by regulations under section 351A(c) of the Public
Health Service Act shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned
for not more than 5 years, or both.
‘‘(2) CERTAIN OTHER BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS.—Whoever knowingly possesses a biological agent or toxin where
such agent or toxin is a biological agent or toxin listed pursuant
to section 212(a)(1) of the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection
Act of 2002 for which such person has not obtained a registration required by regulations under section 212(c) of such Act
shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned for not more
than 5 years, or both.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Chapter 10 of title 18, United
States Code, is amended—
(1) in section 175b (as added by section 817 of Public
Law 107–56 and amended by subsection (a) of this section)—
(A) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ‘‘The term’’ and
all that follows through ‘‘does not include’’ and inserting
the following: ‘‘The term ‘select agent’ means a biological
agent or toxin to which subsection (a) applies. Such term
(including for purposes of subsection (a)) does not include’’;
and

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(B) in the heading for the section, by striking ‘‘Possession by restricted persons’’ and inserting ‘‘Select
agents; certain other agents’’; and
(2) in the chapter analysis, in the item relating to section
175b, by striking ‘‘Possession by restricted persons.’’ and
inserting ‘‘Select agents; certain other agents.’’.
(c) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.—Chapter 10 of title 18, United
States Code, as amended by section 817 of Public Law 107–56
and subsections (a) and (b) of this section, is amended—
(1) in section 175(c), by striking ‘‘protective’’ and all that
follows and inserting ‘‘protective, bona fide research, or other
peaceful purposes.’’;
(2) in section 175b—
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘described in subsection (b)’’ and all that follows and inserting the following:
‘‘shall ship or transport in or affecting interstate or foreign
commerce, or possess in or affecting interstate or foreign
commerce, any biological agent or toxin, or receive any
biological agent or toxin that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce, if the biological
agent or toxin is listed as a select agent in Appendix
A of part 72 of title 42, Code of Federal Regulations,
pursuant to section 351A of the Public Health Service
Act, and is not exempted under subsection (h) of section
72.6, or Appendix A of part 72, of title 42, Code of Federal
Regulations.’’; and
(B) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ‘‘section 1010(a)(3)’’
and inserting ‘‘section 101(a)(3)’’;
(3) in section 176(a)(1)(A), by striking ‘‘exists by reason
of’’ and inserting ‘‘pertains to’’; and
(4) in section 178—
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘means any microorganism’’ and all that follows through ‘‘product, capable
of’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘means any microorganism
(including, but not limited to, bacteria, viruses, fungi,
rickettsiae or protozoa), or infectious substance, or any
naturally occurring, bioengineered or synthesized component of any such microorganism or infectious substance,
capable of’’;
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘means the toxic’’
and all that follows through ‘‘including—’’ and inserting
the following: ‘‘means the toxic material or product of
plants, animals, microorganisms (including, but not limited
to, bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae or protozoa), or infectious substances, or a recombinant or synthesized molecule,
whatever their origin and method of production, and
includes—’’; and
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘recombinant molecule,’’ and all that follows through ‘‘biotechnology,’’ and
inserting ‘‘recombinant or synthesized molecule,’’.
(d) ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL CORRECTION.—Section 2332a of title
18, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph
(1), by striking ‘‘section 229F)’’ and all that follows through
‘‘section 178)—’’ and inserting ‘‘section 229F)—’’; and

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(2) in subsection (c)(2)(C), by striking ‘‘a disease organism’’
and inserting ‘‘a biological agent, toxin, or vector (as those
terms are defined in section 178 of this title)’’.

TITLE III—PROTECTING SAFETY AND
SECURITY OF FOOD AND DRUG SUPPLY
Subtitle A—Protection of Food Supply
21 USC 341 note.

SEC. 301. FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY STRATEGY.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The President’s Council on Food Safety (as
established by Executive Order No. 13100) shall, in consultation
with the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury,
other relevant Federal agencies, the food industry, consumer and
producer groups, scientific organizations, and the States, develop
a crisis communications and education strategy with respect to
bioterrorist threats to the food supply. Such strategy shall address
threat assessments; technologies and procedures for securing food
processing and manufacturing facilities and modes of transportation; response and notification procedures; and risk communications to the public.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
implementing the strategy developed under subsection (a), there
are authorized to be appropriated $750,000 for fiscal year 2002,
and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal
year.
SEC. 302. PROTECTION AGAINST ADULTERATION OF FOOD.

(a) INCREASING INSPECTIONS FOR DETECTION OF ADULTERATION
FOOD.—Section 801 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (21 U.S.C. 381) is amended by adding at the end the following
subsection:
‘‘(h)(1) The Secretary shall give high priority to increasing
the number of inspections under this section for the purpose of
enabling the Secretary to inspect food offered for import at ports
of entry into the United States, with the greatest priority given
to inspections to detect the intentional adulteration of food.’’.
(b) IMPROVEMENTS TO INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.—
Section 801(h) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as
added by subsection (a) of this section, is amended by adding
at the end the following paragraph:
‘‘(2) The Secretary shall give high priority to making necessary
improvements to the information management systems of the Food
and Drug Administration that contain information related to foods
imported or offered for import into the United States for purposes
of improving the ability of the Secretary to allocate resources,
detect the intentional adulteration of food, and facilitate the
importation of food that is in compliance with this Act.’’.
(c) LINKAGES WITH APPROPRIATE PUBLIC ENTITIES.—Section
801(h) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended
by subsection (b) of this section, is amended by adding at the
end the following paragraph:
‘‘(3) The Secretary shall improve linkages with other regulatory
agencies of the Federal Government that share responsibility for
food safety, and shall with respect to such safety improve linkages
OF

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with the States and Indian tribes (as defined in section 4(e) of
the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25
U.S.C. 450b(e))).’’.
(d) TESTING FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF
FOOD.—Section 801 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,
as amended by subsection (a) of this section, is amended by adding
at the end the following:
‘‘(i)(1) For use in inspections of food under this section, the
Secretary shall provide for research on the development of tests
and sampling methodologies—
‘‘(A) whose purpose is to test food in order to rapidly
detect the adulteration of the food, with the greatest priority
given to detect the intentional adulteration of food; and
‘‘(B) whose results offer significant improvements over the
available technology in terms of accuracy, timing, or costs.
‘‘(2) In providing for research under paragraph (1), the Secretary
shall give priority to conducting research on the development of
tests that are suitable for inspections of food at ports of entry
into the United States.
‘‘(3) In providing for research under paragraph (1), the Secretary
shall as appropriate coordinate with the Director of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the Director of the National
Institutes of Health, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Secretary of Agriculture.
‘‘(4) The Secretary shall annually submit to the Committee
on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the
Senate, a report describing the progress made in research under
paragraph (1), including progress regarding paragraph (2).’’.
(e) ASSESSMENT OF THREAT OF INTENTIONAL ADULTERATION
OF FOOD.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting
through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall ensure that,
not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this
Act—
(1) the assessment that (as of such date of enactment)
is being conducted on the threat of the intentional adulteration
of food is completed; and
(2) a report describing the findings of the assessment is
submitted to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the
House of Representatives and to the Committee on Health,
Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section and the amendments made by this section,
there are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for fiscal
year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the
fiscal years 2003 through 2006, in addition to other authorizations
of appropriations that are available for such purpose.

Reports.

Deadline.

Reports.

SEC. 303. ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION.

(a) EXPANDED AUTHORITY.—Section 304 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 334) is amended by adding
at the end the following subsection:
‘‘(h) ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOODS.—
‘‘(1) DETENTION AUTHORITY.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An officer or qualified employee of
the Food and Drug Administration may order the detention,
in accordance with this subsection, of any article of food

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that is found during an inspection, examination, or investigation under this Act conducted by such officer or qualified employee, if the officer or qualified employee has credible evidence or information indicating that such article
presents a threat of serious adverse health consequences
or death to humans or animals.
‘‘(B) SECRETARY’S APPROVAL.—An article of food may
be ordered detained under subparagraph (A) only if the
Secretary or an official designated by the Secretary
approves the order. An official may not be so designated
unless the official is the director of the district under
this Act in which the article involved is located, or is
an official senior to such director.
‘‘(2) PERIOD OF DETENTION.—An article of food may be
detained under paragraph (1) for a reasonable period, not to
exceed 20 days, unless a greater period, not to exceed 30
days, is necessary, to enable the Secretary to institute an
action under subsection (a) or section 302. The Secretary shall
by regulation provide for procedures for instituting such action
on an expedited basis with respect to perishable foods.
‘‘(3) SECURITY OF DETAINED ARTICLE.—An order under paragraph (1) with respect to an article of food may require that
such article be labeled or marked as detained, and shall require
that the article be removed to a secure facility, as appropriate.
An article subject to such an order shall not be transferred
by any person from the place at which the article is ordered
detained, or from the place to which the article is so removed,
as the case may be, until released by the Secretary or until
the expiration of the detention period applicable under such
order, whichever occurs first. This subsection may not be construed as authorizing the delivery of the article pursuant to
the execution of a bond while the article is subject to the
order, and section 801(b) does not authorize the delivery of
the article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article
is subject to the order.
‘‘(4) APPEAL OF DETENTION ORDER.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—With respect to an article of food
ordered detained under paragraph (1), any person who
would be entitled to be a claimant for such article if the
article were seized under subsection (a) may appeal the
order to the Secretary. Within five days after such an
appeal is filed, the Secretary, after providing opportunity
for an informal hearing, shall confirm or terminate the
order involved, and such confirmation by the Secretary
shall be considered a final agency action for purposes of
section 702 of title 5, United States Code. If during such
five-day period the Secretary fails to provide such an opportunity, or to confirm or terminate such order, the order
is deemed to be terminated.
‘‘(B) EFFECT OF INSTITUTING COURT ACTION.—The
process under subparagraph (A) for the appeal of an order
under paragraph (1) terminates if the Secretary institutes
an action under subsection (a) or section 302 regarding
the article of food involved.’’.
(b) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 331) is amended by adding at the
end the following:

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‘‘(bb) The transfer of an article of food in violation of an order
under section 304(h), or the removal or alteration of any mark
or label required by the order to identify the article as detained.’’.
(c) TEMPORARY HOLDS AT PORTS OF ENTRY.—Section 801 of
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section
302(d)of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(j)(1) If an officer or qualified employee of the Food and Drug
Administration has credible evidence or information indicating that
an article of food presents a threat of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals, and such officer or
qualified employee is unable to inspect, examine, or investigate
such article upon the article being offered for import at a port
of entry into the United States, the officer or qualified employee
shall request the Secretary of Treasury to hold the food at the
port of entry for a reasonable period of time, not to exceed 24
hours, for the purpose of enabling the Secretary to inspect, examine,
or investigate the article as appropriate.
‘‘(2) The Secretary shall request the Secretary of Treasury
to remove an article held pursuant to paragraph (1) to a secure
facility, as appropriate. During the period of time that such article
is so held, the article shall not be transferred by any person from
the port of entry into the United States for the article, or from
the secure facility to which the article has been removed, as the
case may be. Subsection (b) does not authorize the delivery of
the article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article
is so held.
‘‘(3) An officer or qualified employee of the Food and Drug
Administration may make a request under paragraph (1) only if
the Secretary or an official designated by the Secretary approves
the request. An official may not be so designated unless the official
is the director of the district under this Act in which the article
involved is located, or is an official senior to such director.
‘‘(4) With respect to an article of food for which a request
under paragraph (1) is made, the Secretary, promptly after the
request is made, shall notify the State in which the port of entry
involved is located that the request has been made, and as
applicable, that such article is being held under this subsection.’’.

21 USC 381.

SEC. 304. DEBARMENT FOR REPEATED OR SERIOUS FOOD IMPORT
VIOLATIONS.

(a) DEBARMENT AUTHORITY.—
(1) PERMISSIVE DEBARMENT.—Section 306(b)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 335a(b)(1)) is
amended—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ after the
comma at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at
the end and inserting ‘‘, or’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following subparagraph:
‘‘(C) a person from importing an article of food or
offering such an article for import into the United States.’’.
(2) AMENDMENT REGARDING DEBARMENT GROUNDS.—Section
306(b)) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
335a(b)) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘subparagraph (A) or (B) of’’ before
‘‘paragraph (1)’’;

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116 STAT. 666

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
(B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4);
and

21 USC 335a.

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(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following paragraph:
‘‘(3) PERSONS SUBJECT TO PERMISSIVE DEBARMENT; FOOD
IMPORTATION.—A person is subject to debarment under paragraph (1)(C) if—
‘‘(A) the person has been convicted of a felony for
conduct relating to the importation into the United States
of any food; or
‘‘(B) the person has engaged in a pattern of importing
or offering for import adulterated food that presents a
threat of serious adverse health consequences or death
to humans or animals.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 306 of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 335a) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), in the heading for the subsection,
by striking ‘‘MANDATORY DEBARMENT.—’’ and inserting
‘‘MANDATORY DEBARMENT; CERTAIN DRUG APPLICATIONS.—’’;
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in the heading for the subsection, by striking
‘‘PERMISSIVE DEBARMENT.—’’ and inserting ‘‘PERMISSIVE
DEBARMENT;
CERTAIN
DRUG
APPLICATIONS;
FOOD
IMPORTS.—’’; and
(B) in paragraph (2), in the heading for the paragraph,
by striking ‘‘PERMISSIVE DEBARMENT.—’’ and inserting
‘‘PERMISSIVE DEBARMENT; CERTAIN DRUG APPLICATIONS.—
’’;
(3) in subsection (c)(2)(A)(iii), by striking ‘‘subsection (b)(2)’’
and inserting ‘‘paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b)’’;
(4) in subsection (d)(3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ‘‘or (b)(2)(A)’’
and inserting ‘‘ or paragraph (2)(A) or (3) of subsection
(b)’’;
(B) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II), by inserting ‘‘in
applicable cases,’’ before ‘‘sufficient audits’’;
(C) in subparagraph (B), in each of clauses (i) and
(ii), by inserting ‘‘or subsection (b)(3)’’ after ‘‘subsection
(b)(2)(B)’’; and
(D) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting before the
period the following: ‘‘or the food importation process, as
the case may be’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.—Section 306(l)(2) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 335a(l)(2)) is amended—
(1) in the first sentence—
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘subsection (b)(2),’’; and
(B) by inserting ‘‘, and subsection (b)(3)(A)’’ after ‘‘subsection (b)(2)(B)’’; and
(2) in the second sentence, by inserting ‘‘, subsection
(b)(3)(B),’’ after ‘‘subsection (b)(2)(B)’’.
(d) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 303(b) of this Act, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(cc) The importing or offering for import into the United States
of an article of food by, with the assistance of, or at the direction
of, a person debarred under section 306(b)(3).’’.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

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(e) IMPORTATION BY DEBARRED PERSONS.—Section 801 of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section
303(c) of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following
subsection:
‘‘(k)(1) If an article of food is being imported or offered for
import into the United States, and the importer, owner, or consignee
of the article is a person who has been debarred under section
306(b)(3), such article shall be held at the port of entry for the
article, and may not be delivered to such person. Subsection (b)
does not authorize the delivery of the article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article is so held. The article shall be
removed to a secure facility, as appropriate. During the period
of time that such article is so held, the article shall not be transferred by any person from the port of entry into the United States
for the article, or from the secure facility to which the article
has been removed, as the case may be.
‘‘(2) An article of food held under paragraph (1) may be delivered
to a person who is not a debarred person under section 306(b)(3)
if such person affirmatively establishes, at the expense of the person, that the article complies with the requirements of this Act,
as determined by the Secretary.’’.

21 USC 381.

SEC. 305. REGISTRATION OF FOOD FACILITIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter IV of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
‘‘SEC. 415. REGISTRATION OF FOOD FACILITIES.

21 USC 350d.

‘‘(a) REGISTRATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall by regulation require
that any facility engaged in manufacturing, processing, packing,
or holding food for consumption in the United States be registered with the Secretary. To be registered—
‘‘(A) for a domestic facility, the owner, operator, or
agent in charge of the facility shall submit a registration
to the Secretary; and
‘‘(B) for a foreign facility, the owner, operator, or agent
in charge of the facility shall submit a registration to
the Secretary and shall include with the registration the
name of the United States agent for the facility.
‘‘(2) REGISTRATION.—An entity (referred to in this section
as the ‘registrant’) shall submit a registration under paragraph
(1) to the Secretary containing information necessary to notify
the Secretary of the name and address of each facility at
which, and all trade names under which, the registrant conducts business and, when determined necessary by the Secretary through guidance, the general food category (as identified
under section 170.3 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations)
of any food manufactured, processed, packed, or held at such
facility. The registrant shall notify the Secretary in a timely
manner of changes to such information.
‘‘(3) PROCEDURE.—Upon receipt of a completed registration
described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall notify the registrant of the receipt of such registration and assign a registration number to each registered facility.
‘‘(4) LIST.—The Secretary shall compile and maintain an
up-to-date list of facilities that are registered under this section.
Such list and any registration documents submitted pursuant

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Notification.

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116 STAT. 668

21 USC 381.

21 USC 350d
note.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

to this subsection shall not be subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code. Information derived
from such list or registration documents shall not be subject
to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code,
to the extent that it discloses the identity or location of a
specific registered person.
‘‘(b) FACILITY.—For purposes of this section:
‘‘(1) The term ‘facility’ includes any factory, warehouse,
or establishment (including a factory, warehouse, or establishment of an importer) that manufactures, processes, packs, or
holds food. Such term does not include farms; restaurants;
other retail food establishments; nonprofit food establishments
in which food is prepared for or served directly to the consumer;
or fishing vessels (except such vessels engaged in processing
as defined in section 123.3(k) of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations).
‘‘(2) The term ‘domestic facility’ means a facility located
in any of the States or Territories.
‘‘(3)(A) The term ‘foreign facility’ means a facility that
manufacturers, processes, packs, or holds food, but only if food
from such facility is exported to the United States without
further processing or packaging outside the United States.
‘‘(B) A food may not be considered to have undergone
further processing or packaging for purposes of subparagraph
(A) solely on the basis that labeling was added or that any
similar activity of a de minimis nature was carried out with
respect to the food.
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall
be construed to authorize the Secretary to require an application,
review, or licensing process.’’.
(b) PROHIBITED ACTS.—Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 331), as amended by section 304(d)
of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(dd) The failure to register in accordance with section 415.’’.
(c) IMPORTATION; FAILURE TO REGISTER.—Section 801 of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section
304(e) of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following
subsection:
‘‘(l)(1) If an article of food is being imported or offered for
import into the United States, and such article is from a foreign
facility for which a registration has not been submitted to the
Secretary under section 415, such article shall be held at the
port of entry for the article, and may not be delivered to the
importer, owner, or consignee of the article, until the foreign facility
is so registered. Subsection (b) does not authorize the delivery
of the article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article
is so held. The article shall be removed to a secure facility, as
appropriate. During the period of time that such article is so held,
the article shall not be transferred by any person from the port
of entry into the United States for the article, or from the secure
facility to which the article has been removed, as the case may
be.’’.
(d) ELECTRONIC FILING.—For the purpose of reducing paperwork and reporting burdens, the Secretary of Health and Human
Services may provide for, and encourage the use of, electronic
methods of submitting to the Secretary registrations required pursuant to this section. In providing for the electronic submission of

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

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such registrations, the Secretary shall ensure adequate authentication protocols are used to enable identification of the registrant
and validation of the data as appropriate.
(e) RULEMAKING; EFFECTIVE DATE.—Not later than 18 months
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health
and Human Services shall promulgate proposed and final regulations for the requirement of registration under section 415 of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (as added by subsection
(a) of this section). Such requirement of registration takes effect—
(1) upon the effective date of such final regulations; or
(2) upon the expiration of such 18-month period if the
final regulations have not been made effective as of the expiration of such period, subject to compliance with the final regulations when the final regulations are made effective.

Deadline.

SEC. 306. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS FOR FOODS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter IV of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 305 of this Act, is amended
by inserting before section 415 the following section:
‘‘SEC. 414. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS.

21 USC 350c.

‘‘(a) RECORDS INSPECTION.—If the Secretary has a reasonable
belief that an article of food is adulterated and presents a threat
of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or
animals, each person (excluding farms and restaurants) who manufactures, processes, packs, distributes, receives, holds, or imports
such article shall, at the request of an officer or employee duly
designated by the Secretary, permit such officer or employee, upon
presentation of appropriate credentials and a written notice to
such person, at reasonable times and within reasonable limits and
in a reasonable manner, to have access to and copy all records
relating to such article that are needed to assist the Secretary
in determining whether the food is adulterated and presents a
threat of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans
or animals. The requirement under the preceding sentence applies
to all records relating to the manufacture, processing, packing,
distribution, receipt, holding, or importation of such article maintained by or on behalf of such person in any format (including
paper and electronic formats) and at any location.
‘‘(b) REGULATIONS CONCERNING RECORDKEEPING.—The Secretary, in consultation and coordination, as appropriate, with other
Federal departments and agencies with responsibilities for regulating food safety, may by regulation establish requirements
regarding the establishment and maintenance, for not longer than
two years, of records by persons (excluding farms and restaurants)
who manufacture, process, pack, transport, distribute, receive, hold,
or import food, which records are needed by the Secretary for
inspection to allow the Secretary to identify the immediate previous
sources and the immediate subsequent recipients of food, including
its packaging, in order to address credible threats of serious adverse
health consequences or death to humans or animals. The Secretary
shall take into account the size of a business in promulgating
regulations under this section.
‘‘(c) PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—The Secretary
shall take appropriate measures to ensure that there are in effect
effective procedures to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of any
trade secret or confidential information that is obtained by the
Secretary pursuant to this section.

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116 STAT. 670

Deadline.
21 USC 350c
note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

‘‘(d) LIMITATIONS.—This section shall not be construed—
‘‘(1) to limit the authority of the Secretary to inspect records
or to require establishment and maintenance of records under
any other provision of this Act;
‘‘(2) to authorize the Secretary to impose any requirements
with respect to a food to the extent that it is within the
exclusive jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant
to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.),
the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.),
or the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 1031 et seq.);
‘‘(3) to have any legal effect on section 552 of title 5,
United States Code, or section 1905 of title 18, United States
Code; or
‘‘(4) to extend to recipes for food, financial data, pricing
data, personnel data, research data, or sales data (other than
shipment data regarding sales).’’.
(b) FACTORY INSPECTION.—Section 704(a) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 374(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting after the first sentence
the following new sentence: ‘‘In the case of any person
(excluding farms and restaurants) who manufactures, processes, packs, transports, distributes, holds, or imports foods,
the inspection shall extend to all records and other information
described in section 414 when the Secretary has a reasonable
belief that an article of food is adulterated and presents a
threat of serious adverse health consequences or death to
humans or animals, subject to the limitations established in
section 414(d).’’; and
(2) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding subparagraph
(A), by striking ‘‘second sentence’’ and inserting ‘‘third sentence’’.
(c) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 331) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (e)—
(A) by striking ‘‘by section 412, 504, or 703’’ and
inserting ‘‘by section 412, 414, 504, 703, or 704(a)’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘under section 412’’ and inserting
‘‘under section 412, 414(b)’’; and
(2) in paragraph (j), by inserting ‘‘414,’’ after ‘‘412,’’.
(d) EXPEDITED RULEMAKING.—Not later than 18 months after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate
proposed and final regulations establishing recordkeeping requirements under subsection 414(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (as added by subsection (a)).
SEC. 307. PRIOR NOTICE OF IMPORTED FOOD SHIPMENTS.

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(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 801 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 305(c) of this Act, is amended
by adding at the end the following subsection:
‘‘(m)(1) In the case of an article of food that is being imported
or offered for import into the United States, the Secretary, after
consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall by regulation
require, for the purpose of enabling such article to be inspected
at ports of entry into the United States, the submission to the
Secretary of a notice providing the identity of each of the following:
The article; the manufacturer and shipper of the article; if known
within the specified period of time that notice is required to be

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provided, the grower of the article; the country from which the
article originates; the country from which the article is shipped;
and the anticipated port of entry for the article. An article of
food imported or offered for import without submission of such
notice in accordance with the requirements under this paragraph
shall be refused admission into the United States. Nothing in this
section may be construed as a limitation on the port of entry
for an article of food.
‘‘(2)(A) Regulations under paragraph (1) shall require that a
notice under such paragraph be provided by a specified period
of time in advance of the time of the importation of the article
of food involved or the offering of the food for import, which period
shall be no less than the minimum amount of time necessary
for the Secretary to receive, review, and appropriately respond
to such notification, but may not exceed five days. In determining
the specified period of time required under this subparagraph,
the Secretary may consider, but is not limited to consideration
of, the effect on commerce of such period of time, the locations
of the various ports of entry into the United States, the various
modes of transportation, the types of food imported into the United
States, and any other such consideration. Nothing in the preceding
sentence may be construed as a limitation on the obligation of
the Secretary to receive, review, and appropriately respond to any
notice under paragraph (1).
‘‘(B)(i) If an article of food is being imported or offered for
import into the United States and a notice under paragraph (1)
is not provided in advance in accordance with the requirements
under paragraph (1), such article shall be held at the port of
entry for the article, and may not be delivered to the importer,
owner, or consignee of the article, until such notice is submitted
to the Secretary, and the Secretary examines the notice and determines that the notice is in accordance with the requirements under
paragraph (1). Subsection (b) does not authorize the delivery of
the article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article
is so held. The article shall be removed to a secure facility, as
appropriate. During the period of time that such article is so held,
the article shall not be transferred by any person from the port
of entry into the United States for the article, or from the secure
facility to which the article has been removed, as the case may
be.
‘‘(ii) In carrying out clause (i) with respect to an article of
food, the Secretary shall determine whether there is in the possession of the Secretary any credible evidence or information indicating
that such article presents a threat of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals.
‘‘(3)(A) This subsection may not be construed as limiting the
authority of the Secretary to obtain information under any other
provision of this Act.
‘‘(B) This subsection may not be construed as authorizing the
Secretary to impose any requirements with respect to a food to
the extent that it is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Secretary
of Agriculture pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21
U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C.
451 et seq.), or the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 1031
et seq.).’’.

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116 STAT. 672
21 USC 331.

21 USC 351 note.
Deadline.

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

(b) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 305(b) of this Act, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(ee) The importing or offering for import into the United States
of an article of food in violation of the requirements under section
801(m).’’.
(c) RULEMAKING; EFFECTIVE DATE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services shall promulgate proposed and final regulations for the requirement of providing notice in accordance
with section 801(m) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (as added by subsection (a) of this section). Such requirement of notification takes effect—
(A) upon the effective date of such final regulations;
or
(B) upon the expiration of such 18-month period if
the final regulations have not been made effective as of
the expiration of such period, subject to compliance with
the final regulations when the final regulations are made
effective.
(2) DEFAULT; MINIMUM PERIOD OF ADVANCE NOTICE.—If
under paragraph (1) the requirement for providing notice in
accordance with section 801(m) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act takes effect without final regulations having
been made effective, then for purposes of such requirement,
the specified period of time that the notice is required to be
made in advance of the time of the importation of the article
of food involved or the offering of the food for import shall
be not fewer than eight hours and not more than five days,
which shall remain in effect until the final regulations are
made effective.
SEC. 308. AUTHORITY TO MARK ARTICLES REFUSED ADMISSION INTO
UNITED STATES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 801 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 381(a)), as amended by section 307(a)
of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(n)(1) If a food has been refused admission under subsection
(a), other than such a food that is required to be destroyed, the
Secretary may require the owner or consignee of the food to affix
to the container of the food a label that clearly and conspicuously
bears the statement: ‘UNITED STATES: REFUSED ENTRY’.
‘‘(2) All expenses in connection with affixing a label under
paragraph (1) shall be paid by the owner or consignee of the
food involved, and in default of such payment, shall constitute
a lien against future importations made by such owner or consignee.
‘‘(3) A requirement under paragraph (1) remains in effect until
the Secretary determines that the food involved has been brought
into compliance with this Act.’’.
(b) MISBRANDED FOODS.—Section 403 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
‘‘(v) If—
‘‘(1) it fails to bear a label required by the Secretary under
section 801(n)(1) (relating to food refused admission into the
United States);

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‘‘(2) the Secretary finds that the food presents a threat
of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans
or animals; and
‘‘(3) upon or after notifying the owner or consignee involved
that the label is required under section 801, the Secretary
informs the owner or consignee that the food presents such
a threat.’’.
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—With respect to articles of food
that are imported or offered for import into the United States,
nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority
of the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary
of the Treasury to require the marking of refused articles of food
under any other provision of law.

21 USC 381 note.

SEC. 309. PROHIBITION AGAINST PORT SHOPPING.

Section 402 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 342) is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(h) If it is an article of food imported or offered for import
into the United States and the article of food has previously been
refused admission under section 801(a), unless the person reoffering
the article affirmatively establishes, at the expense of the owner
or consignee of the article, that the article complies with the
applicable requirements of this Act, as determined by the Secretary.’’.
SEC. 310. NOTICES TO STATES REGARDING IMPORTED FOOD.

Chapter IX of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 391 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following
section:
‘‘SEC. 908. NOTICES TO STATES REGARDING IMPORTED FOOD.

21 USC 398.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary has credible evidence or
information indicating that a shipment of imported food or portion
thereof presents a threat of serious adverse health consequences
or death to humans or animals, the Secretary shall provide notice
regarding such threat to the States in which the food is held
or will be held, and to the States in which the manufacturer,
packer, or distributor of the food is located, to the extent that
the Secretary has knowledge of which States are so involved. In
providing notice to a State, the Secretary shall request the State
to take such action as the State considers appropriate, if any,
to protect the public health regarding the food involved.
‘‘(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Subsection (a) may not be construed as limiting the authority of the Secretary with respect to
food under any other provision of this Act.’’.
SEC. 311. GRANTS TO STATES FOR INSPECTIONS.

Chapter IX of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as
amended by section 310 of this Act, is amended by adding at
the end the following section:
‘‘SEC. 909. GRANTS TO STATES FOR INSPECTIONS.

21 USC 399.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized to make grants
to States, territories, and Indian tribes (as defined in section 4(e)
of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
(25 U.S.C. 450b(e))) that undertake examinations, inspections, and
investigations, and related activities under section 702. The funds
provided under such grants shall only be available for the costs

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116 STAT. 674

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of conducting such examinations, inspections, investigations, and
related activities.
‘‘(b) NOTICES REGARDING ADULTERATED IMPORTED FOOD.—The
Secretary may make grants to the States for the purpose of assisting
the States with the costs of taking appropriate action to protect
the public health in response to notification under section 908,
including planning and otherwise preparing to take such action.
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary
for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006.’’.
SEC. 312. SURVEILLANCE AND INFORMATION GRANTS AND AUTHORITIES.

Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
243 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 317P the following:
42 USC 247b–20.

‘‘SEC. 317R. FOOD SAFETY GRANTS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may award grants to States
and Indian tribes (as defined in section 4(e) of the Indian SelfDetermination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e)))
to expand participation in networks to enhance Federal, State,
and local food safety efforts, including meeting the costs of establishing and maintaining the food safety surveillance, technical, and
laboratory capacity needed for such participation.
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of
carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated
$19,500,000 for fiscal year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary
for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006.’’.
7 USC 8319.

SEC. 313. SURVEILLANCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES.

The Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the
Commissioner of Food and Drugs and the Director of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Secretary of Agriculture
shall coordinate the surveillance of zoonotic diseases.
SEC. 314. AUTHORITY TO COMMISSION OTHER FEDERAL OFFICIALS
TO CONDUCT INSPECTIONS.

Section 702(a) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(21 U.S.C. 372(a)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)(1)’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘In the case of food packed’’ and inserting
the following:
‘‘(3) In the case of food packed’’;
(3) by striking ‘‘For the purposes of this subsection’’ and
inserting the following:
‘‘(4) For the purposes of this subsection,’’; and
(4) by inserting after paragraph (1) (as designated by paragraph (1) of this section) the following paragraph:
‘‘(2)(A) In addition to the authority established in paragraph
(1), the Secretary, pursuant to a memorandum of understanding
between the Secretary and the head of another Federal department
or agency, is authorized to conduct examinations and investigations
for the purposes of this Act through the officers and employees
of such other department or agency, subject to subparagraph (B).
Such a memorandum shall include provisions to ensure adequate
training of such officers and employees to conduct the examinations

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and investigations. The memorandum of understanding shall contain provisions regarding reimbursement. Such provisions may, at
the sole discretion of the head of the other department or agency,
require reimbursement, in whole or in part, from the Secretary
for the examinations or investigations performed under this section
by the officers or employees of the other department or agency.
‘‘(B) A memorandum of understanding under subparagraph (A)
between the Secretary and another Federal department or agency
is effective only in the case of examinations or inspections at facilities or other locations that are jointly regulated by the Secretary
and such department or agency.
‘‘(C) For any fiscal year in which the Secretary and the head
of another Federal department or agency carries out one or more
examinations or inspections under a memorandum of understanding
under subparagraph (A), the Secretary and the head of such department or agency shall with respect to their respective departments
or agencies submit to the committees of jurisdiction (authorizing
and appropriating) in the House of Representatives and the Senate
a report that provides, for such year—
‘‘(i) the number of officers or employees that carried out
one or more programs, projects, or activities under such memorandum;
‘‘(ii) the number of additional articles that were inspected
or examined as a result of such memorandum; and
‘‘(iii) the number of additional examinations or investigations that were carried out pursuant to such memorandum.’’.
SEC. 315. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Reports.

21 USC 331 note.

Nothing in this title, or an amendment made by this title,
shall be construed to alter the jurisdiction between the Secretaries
of Agriculture and of Health and Human Services, under applicable
statutes and regulations.

Subtitle B—Protection of Drug Supply
SEC. 321. ANNUAL REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS;
SHIPPING INFORMATION; DRUG AND DEVICE LISTING.

(a) ANNUAL REGISTRATION; LISTING.—Section 510 of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360) is amended—
(1) in subsection (i)(1)—
(A) by striking ‘‘Any establishment’’ and inserting ‘‘On
or before December 31 of each year, any establishment’’;
and
(B) by striking ‘‘shall register’’ and all that follows
and inserting the following: ‘‘shall, through electronic
means in accordance with the criteria of the Secretary,
register with the Secretary the name and place of business
of the establishment, the name of the United States agent
for the establishment, the name of each importer of such
drug or device in the United States that is known to
the establishment, and the name of each person who
imports or offers for import such drug or device to the
United States for purposes of importation.’’; and
(2) in subsection (j)(1), in the first sentence, by striking
‘‘or (d)’’ and inserting ‘‘(d), or (i)’’.

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116 STAT. 676

21 USC 331 note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

(b) IMPORTATION; STATEMENT REGARDING REGISTRATION OF
MANUFACTURER.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 801 of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 308(a) of this Act,
is amended by adding at the end the following subsection:
‘‘(o) If an article that is a drug or device is being imported
or offered for import into the United States, and the importer,
owner, or consignee of such article does not, at the time of offering
the article for import, submit to the Secretary a statement that
identifies the registration under section 510(i) of each establishment
that with respect to such article is required under such section
to register with the Secretary, the article may be refused admission.
If the article is refused admission for failure to submit such a
statement, the article shall be held at the port of entry for the
article, and may not be delivered to the importer, owner, or consignee of the article, until such a statement is submitted to the
Secretary. Subsection (b) does not authorize the delivery of the
article pursuant to the execution of a bond while the article is
so held. The article shall be removed to a secure facility, as appropriate. During the period of time that such article is so held,
the article shall not be transferred by any person from the port
of entry into the United States for the article, or from the secure
facility to which the article has been removed, as the case may
be.’’.
(2) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301 of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended by section 307(b) of this
Act, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(ff) The importing or offering for import into the United States
of a drug or device with respect to which there is a failure to
comply with a request of the Secretary to submit to the Secretary
a statement under section 801(o).’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section
take effect upon the expiration of the 180-day period beginning
on the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 322. REQUIREMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING
IMPORT COMPONENTS INTENDED FOR USE IN EXPORT
PRODUCTS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 801(d)(3) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 381(d)(3)) is amended to read as
follows:
‘‘(3)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), no component of a drug,
no component part or accessory of a device, or other article of
device requiring further processing, which is ready or suitable for
use for health-related purposes, and no article of a food additive,
color additive, or dietary supplement, including a product in bulk
form, shall be excluded from importation into the United States
under subsection (a) if each of the following conditions is met:
‘‘(i) The importer of such article of a drug or device or
importer of such article of a food additive, color additive, or
dietary supplement submits to the Secretary, at the time of
initial importation, a statement in accordance with the following:
‘‘(I) Such statement provides that such article is
intended to be further processed by the initial owner or
consignee, or incorporated by the initial owner or consignee,
into a drug, biological product, device, food, food additive,

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color additive, or dietary supplement that will be exported
by the initial owner or consignee from the United States
in accordance with subsection (e) or section 802, or with
section 351(h) of the Public Health Service Act.
‘‘(II) The statement identifies the manufacturer of such
article and each processor, packer, distributor, or other
entity that had possession of the article in the chain of
possession of the article from the manufacturer to such
importer of the article.
‘‘(III) The statement is accompanied by such certificates
of analysis as are necessary to identify such article, unless
the article is a device or is an article described in paragraph
(4).
‘‘(ii) At the time of initial importation and before the
delivery of such article to the importer or the initial owner
or consignee, such owner or consignee executes a good and
sufficient bond providing for the payment of such liquidated
damages in the event of default as may be required pursuant
to regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury.
‘‘(iii) Such article is used and exported by the initial owner
or consignee in accordance with the intent described under
clause (i)(I), except for any portions of the article that are
destroyed.
‘‘(iv) The initial owner or consignee maintains records on
the use or destruction of such article or portions thereof, as
the case may be, and submits to the Secretary any such records
requested by the Secretary.
‘‘(v) Upon request of the Secretary, the initial owner or
consignee submits a report that provides an accounting of the
exportation or destruction of such article or portions thereof,
and the manner in which such owner or consignee complied
with the requirements of this subparagraph.
‘‘(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Secretary may
refuse admission to an article that otherwise would be imported
into the United States under such subparagraph if the Secretary
determines that there is credible evidence or information indicating
that such article is not intended to be further processed by the
initial owner or consignee, or incorporated by the initial owner
or consignee, into a drug, biological product, device, food, food
additive, color additive, or dietary supplement that will be exported
by the initial owner or consignee from the United States in accordance with subsection (e) or section 802, or with section 351(h)
of the Public Health Service Act.
‘‘(C) This section may not be construed as affecting the responsibility of the Secretary to ensure that articles imported into the
United States under authority of subparagraph (A) meet each of
the conditions established in such subparagraph for importation.’’.
(b) PROHIBITED ACT.—Section 301(w) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 331(w)) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(w) The making of a knowingly false statement in any statement, certificate of analysis, record, or report required or requested
under section 801(d)(3); the failure to submit a certificate of analysis
as required under such section; the failure to maintain records
or to submit records or reports as required by such section; the
release into interstate commerce of any article or portion thereof
imported into the United States under such section or any finished
product made from such article or portion, except for export in

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Reports.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

accordance with section 801(e) or 802, or with section 351(h) of
the Public Health Service Act; or the failure to so export or to
destroy such an article or portions thereof, or such a finished
product.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section
take effect upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning
on the date of the enactment of this Act.

Subtitle C—General Provisions Relating to
Upgrade of Agricultural Security
7 USC 8320.

SEC. 331. EXPANSION OF ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION
SERVICE ACTIVITIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to
in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) may utilize existing authorities
to give high priority to enhancing and expanding the capacity
of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to conduct
activities to—
(1) increase the inspection capacity of the Service at international points of origin;
(2) improve surveillance at ports of entry and customs;
(3) enhance methods of protecting against the introduction
of plant and animal disease organisms by terrorists;
(4) develop new and improve existing strategies and technologies for dealing with intentional outbreaks of plant and
animal disease arising from acts of terrorism or from unintentional introduction, including—
(A) establishing cooperative agreements among Veterinary Services of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service, State animal health commissions and regulatory
agencies for livestock and poultry health, and private veterinary practitioners to enhance the preparedness and
ability of Veterinary Services and the commissions and
agencies to respond to outbreaks of such animal diseases;
and
(B) strengthening planning and coordination with State
and local agencies, including—
(i) State animal health commissions and regulatory
agencies for livestock and poultry health; and
(ii) State agriculture departments; and
(5) otherwise improve the capacity of the Service to protect
against the threat of bioterrorism.
(b) AUTOMATED RECORDKEEPING SYSTEM.—The Administrator
of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service may implement
a central automated recordkeeping system to provide for the reliable
tracking of the status of animal and plant shipments, including
those shipments on hold at ports of entry and customs. The Secretary shall ensure that such a system shall be fully accessible
to or fully integrated with the Food Safety Inspection Service.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section, $30,000,000 for fiscal
year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent
fiscal year.

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SEC. 332. EXPANSION OF FOOD SAFETY INSPECTION SERVICE ACTIVITIES.

21 USC 679c.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture may utilize
existing authorities to give high priority to enhancing and
expanding the capacity of the Food Safety Inspection Service to
conduct activities to—
(1) enhance the ability of the Service to inspect and ensure
the safety and wholesomeness of meat and poultry products;
(2) improve the capacity of the Service to inspect international meat and meat products, poultry and poultry products,
and egg products at points of origin and at ports of entry;
(3) strengthen the ability of the Service to collaborate with
relevant agencies within the Department of Agriculture and
with other entities in the Federal Government, the States,
and Indian tribes (as defined in section 4(e) of the Indian
Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C.
450b(e))) through the sharing of information and technology;
and
(4) otherwise expand the capacity of the Service to protect
against the threat of bioterrorism.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section, $15,000,000 for fiscal
year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent
fiscal year.
SEC. 333. BIOSECURITY UPGRADES AT THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2002,
$180,000,000 for the purpose of enabling the Agricultural Research
Service to conduct building upgrades to modernize existing facilities,
of which (1) $100,000,000 shall be allocated for renovation,
updating, and expansion of the Biosafety Level 3 laboratory and
animal research facilities at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center
(Greenport, New York), and of which (2) $80,000,000 shall be allocated for the Agricultural Research Service/Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service facility in Ames, Iowa. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal
years 2003 through 2006 for the purpose described in the preceding
sentence, for the planning and design of an Agricultural Research
Service biocontainment laboratory for poultry research in Athens,
Georgia, and for the planning, updating, and renovation of the
Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Laboratory in Laramie, Wyoming.
SEC. 334. AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY.

Appropriation
authorization.
State listing.

7 USC 3353.

(a) SECURITY AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.—
(1) GRANTS.—The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in
this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) may award grants to covered
entities to review security standards and practices at their
facilities in order to protect against bioterrorist attacks.
(2) COVERED ENTITIES.—Covered entities under this subsection are colleges or universities that—
(A) are colleges or universities as defined in section
1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103); and
(B) have programs in food and agricultural sciences,
as defined in such section.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

(3) LIMITATION.—Each individual covered entity may be
awarded one grant under paragraph (1), the amount of which
shall not exceed $50,000.
(4) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—Colleges and universities
receiving grants under paragraph (1) may use such grants
to enter into contracts with independent private organizations
with established and demonstrated security expertise to conduct
the security reviews specified in such paragraph.
(b) GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOSECURITY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may award grants to
associations of food producers or consortia of such associations
for the development and implementation of educational programs to improve biosecurity on farms in order to ensure the
security of farm facilities against potential bioterrorist attacks.
(2) LIMITATION.—Each individual association eligible under
paragraph (1) may be awarded one grant under such paragraph,
the amount of which shall not exceed $100,000. Each consortium eligible under paragraph (1) may be awarded one grant
under such paragraph, the amount of which shall not exceed
$100,000 per association participating in the consortium.
(3) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—Associations of food producers
receiving grants under paragraph (1) may use such grants
to enter into contracts with independent private organizations
with established and demonstrated expertise in biosecurity to
assist in the development and implementation of educational
programs to improve biosecurity specified in such paragraph.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may
be necessary for each fiscal year.
7 USC 3354.

SEC. 335. AGRICULTURAL BIOTERRORISM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to
in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) may utilize existing research
authorities and research programs to protect the food supply of
the United States by conducting and supporting research activities
to—
(1) enhance the capability of the Secretary to respond in
a timely manner to emerging or existing bioterrorist threats
to the food and agricultural system of the United States;
(2) develop new and continue partnerships with institutions
of higher education and other institutions to help form stable,
long-term programs to enhance the biosecurity and food safety
of the United States, including the coordination of the development, implementation, and enhancement of diverse capabilities
for addressing threats to the nation’s agricultural economy
and food supply, with special emphasis on planning, training,
outreach, and research activities related to vulnerability analyses, incident response, detection, and prevention technologies;
(3) strengthen coordination with the intelligence community to better identify research needs and evaluate materials
or information acquired by the intelligence community relating
to potential threats to United States agriculture;
(4) expand the involvement of the Secretary with international organizations dealing with plant and animal disease
control;

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

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(5) continue research to develop rapid detection field test
kits to detect biological threats to plants and animals and
to provide such test kits to State and local agencies preparing
for or responding to bioterrorism;
(6) develop an agricultural bioterrorism early warning
surveillance system through enhancing the capacity of and
coordination between State veterinary diagnostic laboratories,
Federal and State agricultural research facilities, and public
health agencies; and
(7) otherwise improve the capacity of the Secretary to protect against the threat of bioterrorism.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized
to be appropriated to carry out this section, $190,000,000 for fiscal
year 2002, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent
fiscal year.
SEC. 336. ANIMAL ENTERPRISE TERRORISM PENALTIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 43(a) of title 18, United States Code,
is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever—
‘‘(1) travels in interstate or foreign commerce, or uses or
causes to be used the mail or any facility in interstate or
foreign commerce for the purpose of causing physical disruption
to the functioning of an animal enterprise; and
‘‘(2) intentionally damages or causes the loss of any property (including animals or records) used by the animal enterprise, or conspires to do so,
shall be punished as provided for in subsection (b).’’.
(b) PENALTIES.—Section 43(b) of title 18, United States Code,
is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—
‘‘(1) ECONOMIC DAMAGE.—Any person who, in the course
of a violation of subsection (a), causes economic damage not
exceeding $10,000 to an animal enterprise shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both.
‘‘(2) MAJOR ECONOMIC DAMAGE.—Any person who, in the
course of a violation of subsection (a), causes economic damage
exceeding $10,000 to an animal enterprise shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.
‘‘(3) SERIOUS BODILY INJURY.—Any person who, in the
course of a violation of subsection (a), causes serious bodily
injury to another individual shall be fined under this title
or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
‘‘(4) DEATH.—Any person who, in the course of a violation
of subsection (a), causes the death of an individual shall be
fined under this title and imprisoned for life or for any term
of years.’’.
(c) RESTITUTION.—Section 43(c) of title 18, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(3) for any other economic damage resulting from the
offense.’’.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

TITLE IV—DRINKING WATER SECURITY
AND SAFETY
SEC. 401. TERRORIST AND OTHER INTENTIONAL ACTS.

The Safe Drinking Water Act (title XIV of the Public Health
Service Act) is amended by inserting the following new section
after section 1432:
42 USC 300i–2.

Deadline.

Certification.
Deadlines.

Deadlines.
Protocols.

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‘‘SEC. 1433. TERRORIST AND OTHER INTENTIONAL ACTS.

‘‘(a) VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS.—(1) Each community water
system serving a population of greater than 3,300 persons shall
conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts intended to substantially
disrupt the ability of the system to provide a safe and reliable
supply of drinking water. The vulnerability assessment shall
include, but not be limited to, a review of pipes and constructed
conveyances, physical barriers, water collection, pretreatment, treatment, storage and distribution facilities, electronic, computer or
other automated systems which are utilized by the public water
system, the use, storage, or handling of various chemicals, and
the operation and maintenance of such system. The Administrator,
not later than August 1, 2002, after consultation with appropriate
departments and agencies of the Federal Government and with
State and local governments, shall provide baseline information
to community water systems required to conduct vulnerability
assessments regarding which kinds of terrorist attacks or other
intentional acts are the probable threats to—
‘‘(A) substantially disrupt the ability of the system to provide a safe and reliable supply of drinking water; or
‘‘(B) otherwise present significant public health concerns.
‘‘(2) Each community water system referred to in paragraph
(1) shall certify to the Administrator that the system has conducted
an assessment complying with paragraph (1) and shall submit
to the Administrator a written copy of the assessment. Such certification and submission shall be made prior to:
‘‘(A) March 31, 2003, in the case of systems serving a
population of 100,000 or more.
‘‘(B) December 31, 2003, in the case of systems serving
a population of 50,000 or more but less than 100,000.
‘‘(C) June 30, 2004, in the case of systems serving a population greater than 3,300 but less than 50,000.
‘‘(3) Except for information contained in a certification under
this subsection identifying the system submitting the certification
and the date of the certification, all information provided to the
Administrator under this subsection and all information derived
therefrom shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of
title 5 of the United States Code.
‘‘(4) No community water system shall be required under State
or local law to provide an assessment described in this section
to any State, regional, or local governmental entity solely by reason
of the requirement set forth in paragraph (2) that the system
submit such assessment to the Administrator.
‘‘(5) Not later than November 30, 2002, the Administrator,
in consultation with appropriate Federal law enforcement and intelligence officials, shall develop such protocols as may be necessary
to protect the copies of the assessments required to be submitted

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under this subsection (and the information contained therein) from
unauthorized disclosure. Such protocols shall ensure that—
‘‘(A) each copy of such assessment, and all information
contained in or derived from the assessment, is kept in a
secure location;
‘‘(B) only individuals designated by the Administrator may
have access to the copies of the assessments; and
‘‘(C) no copy of an assessment, or part of an assessment,
or information contained in or derived from an assessment
shall be available to anyone other than an individual designated
by the Administrator.
At the earliest possible time prior to November 30, 2002, the
Administrator shall complete the development of such protocols
for the purpose of having them in place prior to receiving any
vulnerability assessments from community water systems under
this subsection.
‘‘(6)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any individual
referred to in paragraph (5)(B) who acquires the assessment submitted under paragraph (2), or any reproduction of such assessment,
or any information derived from such assessment, and who knowingly or recklessly reveals such assessment, reproduction, or
information other than—
‘‘(i) to an individual designated by the Administrator under
paragraph (5),
‘‘(ii) for purposes of section 1445 or for actions under section
1431, or
‘‘(iii) for use in any administrative or judicial proceeding
to impose a penalty for failure to comply with this section,
shall upon conviction be imprisoned for not more than one year
or fined in accordance with the provisions of chapter 227 of title
18, United States Code, applicable to class A misdemeanors, or
both, and shall be removed from Federal office or employment.
‘‘(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), an individual referred
to in paragraph (5)(B) who is an officer or employee of the United
States may discuss the contents of a vulnerability assessment submitted under this section with a State or local official.
‘‘(7) Nothing in this section authorizes any person to withhold
any information from Congress or from any committee or subcommittee of Congress.
‘‘(b) EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN.—Each community water
system serving a population greater than 3,300 shall prepare or
revise, where necessary, an emergency response plan that incorporates the results of vulnerability assessments that have been
completed. Each such community water system shall certify to
the Administrator, as soon as reasonably possible after the enactment of this section, but not later than 6 months after the completion of the vulnerability assessment under subsection (a), that the
system has completed such plan. The emergency response plan
shall include, but not be limited to, plans, procedures, and identification of equipment that can be implemented or utilized in the event
of a terrorist or other intentional attack on the public water system.
The emergency response plan shall also include actions, procedures,
and identification of equipment which can obviate or significantly
lessen the impact of terrorist attacks or other intentional actions
on the public health and the safety and supply of drinking water
provided to communities and individuals. Community water systems

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shall, to the extent possible, coordinate with existing Local Emergency Planning Committees established under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.)
when preparing or revising an emergency response plan under
this subsection.
‘‘(c) RECORD MAINTENANCE.—Each community water system
shall maintain a copy of the emergency response plan completed
pursuant to subsection (b) for 5 years after such plan has been
certified to the Administrator under this section.
‘‘(d) GUIDANCE TO SMALL PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS.—The
Administrator shall provide guidance to community water systems
serving a population of less than 3,300 persons on how to conduct
vulnerability assessments, prepare emergency response plans, and
address threats from terrorist attacks or other intentional actions
designed to disrupt the provision of safe drinking water or significantly affect the public health or significantly affect the safety
or supply of drinking water provided to communities and individuals.
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—(1) There are authorized to be appropriated
to carry out this section not more than $160,000,000 for the fiscal
year 2002 and such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal years
2003 through 2005.
‘‘(2) The Administrator, in coordination with State and local
governments, may use funds made available under paragraph (1)
to provide financial assistance to community water systems for
purposes of compliance with the requirements of subsections (a)
and (b) and to community water systems for expenses and contracts
designed to address basic security enhancements of critical importance and significant threats to public health and the supply of
drinking water as determined by a vulnerability assessment conducted under subsection (a). Such basic security enhancements
may include, but shall not be limited to the following:
‘‘(A) the purchase and installation of equipment for detection of intruders;
‘‘(B) the purchase and installation of fencing, gating,
lighting, or security cameras;
‘‘(C) the tamper-proofing of manhole covers, fire hydrants,
and valve boxes;
‘‘(D) the rekeying of doors and locks;
‘‘(E) improvements to electronic, computer, or other automated systems and remote security systems;
‘‘(F) participation in training programs, and the purchase
of training manuals and guidance materials, relating to security
against terrorist attacks;
‘‘(G) improvements in the use, storage, or handling of various chemicals; and
‘‘(H) security screening of employees or contractor support
services.
Funding under this subsection for basic security enhancements
shall not include expenditures for personnel costs, or monitoring,
operation, or maintenance of facilities, equipment, or systems.
‘‘(3) The Administrator may use not more than $5,000,000
from the funds made available under paragraph (1) to make grants
to community water systems to assist in responding to and alleviating any vulnerability to a terrorist attack or other intentional
acts intended to substantially disrupt the ability of the system
to provide a safe and reliable supply of drinking water (including

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sources of water for such systems) which the Administrator determines to present an immediate and urgent security need.
‘‘(4) The Administrator may use not more than $5,000,000
from the funds made available under paragraph (1) to make grants
to community water systems serving a population of less than
3,300 persons for activities and projects undertaken in accordance
with the guidance provided to such systems under subsection (d).
SEC. 402. OTHER SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT AMENDMENTS.

The Safe Drinking Water Act (title XIV of the Public Health
Service Act) is amended by inserting the following new sections
after section 1433 (as added by section 401 of this Act):

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‘‘SEC. 1434. CONTAMINANT PREVENTION, DETECTION AND RESPONSE.

42 USC 300i–3.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in consultation with the
Centers for Disease Control and, after consultation with appropriate
departments and agencies of the Federal Government and with
State and local governments, shall review (or enter into contracts
or cooperative agreements to provide for a review of) current and
future methods to prevent, detect and respond to the intentional
introduction of chemical, biological or radiological contaminants
into community water systems and source water for community
water systems, including each of the following:
‘‘(1) Methods, means and equipment, including real time
monitoring systems, designed to monitor and detect various
levels of chemical, biological, and radiological contaminants
or indicators of contaminants and reduce the likelihood that
such contaminants can be successfully introduced into public
water systems and source water intended to be used for
drinking water.
‘‘(2) Methods and means to provide sufficient notice to
operators of public water systems, and individuals served by
such systems, of the introduction of chemical, biological or
radiological contaminants and the possible effect of such
introduction on public health and the safety and supply of
drinking water.
‘‘(3) Methods and means for developing educational and
awareness programs for community water systems.
‘‘(4) Procedures and equipment necessary to prevent the
flow of contaminated drinking water to individuals served by
public water systems.
‘‘(5) Methods, means, and equipment which could negate
or mitigate deleterious effects on public health and the safety
and supply caused by the introduction of contaminants into
water intended to be used for drinking water, including an
examination of the effectiveness of various drinking water technologies in removing, inactivating, or neutralizing biological,
chemical, and radiological contaminants.
‘‘(6) Biomedical research into the short-term and long-term
impact on public health of various chemical, biological and
radiological contaminants that may be introduced into public
water systems through terrorist or other intentional acts.
‘‘(b) FUNDING.—For the authorization of appropriations to carry
out this section, see section 1435(e).

Contracts.

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116 STAT. 686

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

42 USC 300i–4.

‘‘SEC. 1435. SUPPLY DISRUPTION PREVENTION, DETECTION AND
RESPONSE.

Contracts.

‘‘(a) DISRUPTION OF SUPPLY OR SAFETY.—The Administrator,
in coordination with the appropriate departments and agencies
of the Federal Government, shall review (or enter into contracts
or cooperative agreements to provide for a review of) methods
and means by which terrorists or other individuals or groups could
disrupt the supply of safe drinking water or take other actions
against water collection, pretreatment, treatment, storage and distribution facilities which could render such water significantly less
safe for human consumption, including each of the following:
‘‘(1) Methods and means by which pipes and other constructed conveyances utilized in public water systems could
be destroyed or otherwise prevented from providing adequate
supplies of drinking water meeting applicable public health
standards.
‘‘(2) Methods and means by which collection, pretreatment,
treatment, storage and distribution facilities utilized or used
in connection with public water systems and collection and
pretreatment storage facilities used in connection with public
water systems could be destroyed or otherwise prevented from
providing adequate supplies of drinking water meeting
applicable public health standards.
‘‘(3) Methods and means by which pipes, constructed
conveyances, collection, pretreatment, treatment, storage and
distribution systems that are utilized in connection with public
water systems could be altered or affected so as to be subject
to cross-contamination of drinking water supplies.
‘‘(4) Methods and means by which pipes, constructed
conveyances, collection, pretreatment, treatment, storage and
distribution systems that are utilized in connection with public
water systems could be reasonably protected from terrorist
attacks or other acts intended to disrupt the supply or affect
the safety of drinking water.
‘‘(5) Methods and means by which information systems,
including process controls and supervisory control and data
acquisition and cyber systems at community water systems
could be disrupted by terrorists or other groups.
‘‘(b) ALTERNATIVE SOURCES.—The review under this section
shall also include a review of the methods and means by which
alternative supplies of drinking water could be provided in the
event of the destruction, impairment or contamination of public
water systems.
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out this
section and section 1434—
‘‘(1) the Administrator shall ensure that reviews carried
out under this section reflect the needs of community water
systems of various sizes and various geographic areas of the
United States; and
‘‘(2) the Administrator may consider the vulnerability of,
or potential for forced interruption of service for, a region
or service area, including community water systems that provide service to the National Capital area.
‘‘(d) INFORMATION SHARING.—As soon as practicable after
reviews carried out under this section or section 1434 have been
evaluated, the Administrator shall disseminate, as appropriate as
determined by the Administrator, to community water systems

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information on the results of the project through the Information
Sharing and Analysis Center, or other appropriate means.
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry
out this section and section 1434 not more than $15,000,000 for
the fiscal year 2002 and such sums as may be necessary for the
fiscal years 2003 through 2005.’’.
SEC. 403. MISCELLANEOUS AND TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

The Safe Drinking Water Act is amended as follows:
(1) Section 1414(i)(1) is amended by inserting ‘‘1433’’ after
‘‘1417’’.
(2) Section 1431 is amended by inserting in the first sentence after ‘‘drinking water’’ the following: ‘‘, or that there
is a threatened or potential terrorist attack (or other intentional
act designed to disrupt the provision of safe drinking water
or to impact adversely the safety of drinking water supplied
to communities and individuals), which’’.
(3) Section 1432 is amended as follows:
(A) By striking ‘‘5 years’’ in subsection (a) and inserting
‘‘20 years’’.
(B) By striking ‘‘3 years’’ in subsection (b) and inserting
‘‘10 years’’.
(C) By striking ‘‘$50,000’’ in subsection (c) and inserting
‘‘$1,000,000’’.
(D) By striking ‘‘$20,000’’ in subsection (c) and
inserting ‘‘$100,000’’.
(4) Section 1442 is amended as follows:
(A) By striking ‘‘this subparagraph’’ in subsection (b)
and inserting ‘‘this subsection’’.
(B) By amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
‘‘(d) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (b) not more than $35,000,000 for the fiscal year 2002
and such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal year thereafter.’’.

42 USC 300g–3.
42 USC 300i.

42 USC 300i–1.

42 USC 300j–1.

Appropriation
authorization.

TITLE V—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS
Subtitle A—Prescription Drug User Fees
SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Prescription Drug User
Fee Amendments of 2002’’.
SEC. 502. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds that—
(1) prompt approval of safe and effective new drugs and
other therapies is critical to the improvement of the public
health so that patients may enjoy the benefits provided by
these therapies to treat and prevent illness and disease;
(2) the public health will be served by making additional
funds available for the purpose of augmenting the resources
of the Food and Drug Administration that are devoted to the
process for the review of human drug applications and the
assurance of drug safety;
(3) the provisions added by the Prescription Drug User
Fee Act of 1992, as amended by the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, have been successful in

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Prescription
Drug User Fee
Amendments of
2002.
21 USC 301 note.

21 USC 379g
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116 STAT. 688

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
substantially reducing review times for human drug applications and should be—
(A) reauthorized for an additional 5 years, with certain
technical improvements; and
(B) carried out by the Food and Drug Administration
with new commitments to implement more ambitious and
comprehensive improvements in regulatory processes of the
Food and Drug Administration, including—
(i) strengthening and improving the review and
monitoring of drug safety;
(ii) considering greater interaction between the
agency and sponsors during the review of drugs and
biologics intended to treat serious diseases and lifethreatening diseases; and
(iii) developing principles for improving first-cycle
reviews; and
(4) the fees authorized by amendments made in this subtitle
will be dedicated towards expediting the drug development
process and the process for the review of human drug applications as set forth in the goals identified for purposes of part
2 of subchapter C of chapter VII of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act, in the letters from the Secretary of Health
and Human Services to the chairman of the Committee on
Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and
the chairman of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor
and Pensions of the Senate, as set forth in the Congressional
Record.

SEC. 503. DEFINITIONS.

Section 735 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 379g) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), in the matter after and below subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘licensure, as described in subparagraph
(D)’’ and inserting ‘‘licensure, as described in subparagraph
(C)’’;
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and
inserting ‘‘, and’’;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following
subparagraph:
‘‘(C) which is on the list of products described in section
505(j)(7)(A) or is on a list created and maintained by the
Secretary of products approved under human drug applications under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act.’’;
and
(D) in the matter after and below subparagraph (C)
(as added by subparagraph (C) of this paragraph), by
striking ‘‘Service Act,’’ and all that follows through
‘‘biological product’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘Service
Act. Such term does not include a biological product’’;
(3) in paragraph (6), by adding at the end the following
subparagraph:
‘‘(F) In the case of drugs approved after October 1,
2002, under human drug applications or supplements: collecting, developing, and reviewing safety information on
the drugs, including adverse event reports, during a period

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

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of time after approval of such applications or supplements,
not to exceed three years.’’; and
(4) in paragraph (8)—
(A) by striking the matter after and below subparagraph (B);
(B) by striking subparagraph (B);
(C) by striking ‘‘is the lower of’’ and all that follows
through ‘‘Consumer Price Index’’ and inserting ‘‘is the Consumer Price Index’’; and
(D) by striking ‘‘1997, or’’ and inserting ‘‘1997.’’.
SEC. 504. AUTHORITY TO ASSESS AND USE DRUG FEES.

(a) TYPES OF FEES.—Section 736(a) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(a)) is amended—
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘fiscal
year 1998’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2003’’;
(2) in paragraph (1)(A)—
(A) in each of clauses (i) and (ii), by striking ‘‘in subsection (b)’’ and inserting ‘‘under subsection (c)(4)’’; and
(B) in clause (ii), by adding at the end the following
sentence: ‘‘Such fee shall be half of the amount of the
fee established under clause (i).’’;
(3) in paragraph (2)(A), in the matter after and below
clause (ii)—
(A) by striking ‘‘in subsection (b)’’ and inserting ‘‘under
subsection (c)(4)’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘payable on or before January 31’’ and
inserting ‘‘payable on or before October 1’’; and
(4) in paragraph (3)—
(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subparagraph
(B), each person who is named as the applicant in a human
drug application, and who, after September 1, 1992, had
pending before the Secretary a human drug application
or supplement, shall pay for each such prescription drug
product the annual fee established under subsection (c)(4).
Such fee shall be payable on or before October 1 of each
year. Such fee shall be paid only once for each product
for a fiscal year in which the fee is payable.’’; and
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘The listing’’ and
all that follows through ‘‘filed under section 505(b)(2)’’ and
inserting the following: ‘‘A prescription drug product shall
not be assessed a fee under subparagraph (A) if such
product is identified on the list compiled under section
505(j)(7)(A) with a potency described in terms of per 100
mL, or if such product is the same product as another
product approved under an application filed under section
505(b)’’.
(b) FEE AMOUNTS.—Section 736(b) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(b)) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(b) FEE REVENUE AMOUNTS.—Except as provided in subsections (c), (d), (f), and (g), fees under subsection (a) shall be
established to generate the following revenue amounts:

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116 STAT. 690

Effective date.

Federal Register,
publication.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

‘‘Type of Fee Revenue

Fiscal Year
2003

Fiscal Year
2004

Fiscal Year
2005

Fiscal Year
2006

Fiscal Year
2007

Application/Supplement ..............
Establishment .......
Product ..................
Total Fee Revenue

$74,300,000
$74,300,000
$74,300,000
$222,900,000

$77,000,000
$77,000,000
$77,000,000
$231,000,000

$84,000,000
$84,000,000
$84,000,000
$252,000,000

$86,434,000
$86,433,000
$86,433,000
$259,300,000

$86,434,000
$86,433,000
$86,433,000
$259,300,000

If, after the date of the enactment of the Prescription Drug User
Fee Amendments of 2002, legislation is enacted requiring the Secretary to fund additional costs of the retirement of Federal personnel, fee revenue amounts shall be increased in each year by
the amount necessary to fully fund the portion of such additional
costs that are attributable to the process for the review of human
drug applications.’’.
(c) ADJUSTMENTS.—Section 736(c) of the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(c)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1)—
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by
striking ‘‘fees and total fee revenues’’ and inserting ‘‘revenues’’;
(B) in subparagraph (A)—
(i) by striking ‘‘during the preceding fiscal year’’;
and
(ii) by striking ‘‘, or’’ and inserting the following:
‘‘for the 12 month period ending June 30 preceding
the fiscal year for which fees are being established,
or’’;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘for such fiscal
year’’ and inserting ‘‘for the previous fiscal year’’; and
(D) in the matter after and below subparagraph (B),
by striking ‘‘fiscal year 1997’’; and inserting ‘‘fiscal year
2003’’;
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs
(4) and (5), respectively;
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following paragraphs:
‘‘(2) WORKLOAD ADJUSTMENT.—Beginning with fiscal year
2004, after the fee revenues established in subsection (b) are
adjusted for a fiscal year for inflation in accordance with paragraph (1), the fee revenues shall be adjusted further for such
fiscal year to reflect changes in the workload of the Secretary
for the process for the review of human drug applications.
With respect to such adjustment:
‘‘(A) The adjustment shall be determined by the Secretary based on a weighted average of the change in the
total number of human drug applications, commercial
investigational new drug applications, efficacy supplements, and manufacturing supplements submitted to the
Secretary. The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register the fee revenues and fees resulting from the adjustment and the supporting methodologies.
‘‘(B) Under no circumstances shall the adjustment
result in fee revenues for a fiscal year that are less than
the fee revenues for the fiscal year established in subsection
(b), as adjusted for inflation under paragraph (1).

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‘‘(3) FINAL YEAR ADJUSTMENT.—For fiscal year 2007, the
Secretary may, in addition to adjustments under paragraphs
(1) and (2), further increase the fee revenues and fees established in subsection (b) if such an adjustment is necessary
to provide for not more than three months of operating reserves
of carryover user fees for the process for the review of human
drug applications for the first three months of fiscal year 2008.
If such an adjustment is necessary, the rationale for the amount
of the increase shall be contained in the annual notice establishing fee revenues and fees for fiscal year 2007. If the Secretary has carryover balances for such process in excess of
three months of such operating reserves, the adjustment under
this paragraph shall not be made.’’; and
(4) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by paragraph (2)
of this subsection), by amending such paragraph to read as
follows:
‘‘(4) ANNUAL FEE SETTING.—The Secretary shall, 60 days
before the start of each fiscal year that begins after September
30, 2002, establish, for the next fiscal year, application, product,
and establishment fees under subsection (a), based on the revenue amounts established under subsection (b) and the adjustments provided under this subsection.’’.
(d) FEE WAIVER OR REDUCTION.—Section 736(d)) of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(d)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1)—
(A) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘or’’ after the
comma at the end;
(B) by striking subparagraph (D); and
(C) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (D); and
(2) in paragraph (3), in each of subparagraphs (A) and
(B), by striking ‘‘paragraph (1)(E)’’ each place such term appears
and inserting ‘‘paragraph (1)(D)’’.
(e) ASSESSMENT OF FEES.—Section 736(f) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(f)) is amended—
(1) in the heading for the subsection, by striking ‘‘ASSESSMENT OF FEES.—’’ and inserting ‘‘LIMITATIONS.—’’; and
(2) in paragraph (1), by striking the heading for the paragraph and all that follows through ‘‘fiscal year beginning’’ and
inserting the following: ‘‘IN GENERAL.—Fees under subsection
(a) shall be refunded for a fiscal year beginning’’.
(f) CREDITING AND AVAILABILITY OF FEES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 736(g)(1) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379h(g)(1)) is amended
by striking ‘‘Fees collected for a fiscal year’’ and all that follows
through ‘‘fiscal year limitation.’’ and inserting the following:
‘‘Fees authorized under subsection (a) shall be collected and
available for obligation only to the extent and in the amount
provided in advance in appropriations Acts. Such fees are
authorized to remain available until expended.’’.
(2) COLLECTIONS AND APPROPRIATION ACTS.—Section
736(g)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21
U.S.C. 379h(g)(2)) is amended—
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as
clauses (i) and (ii), respectively;

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002
(B) by striking ‘‘(2) COLLECTIONS’’ and all that follows
through ‘‘the amount specified’’ in clause (i) (as so redesignated) and inserting the following:
‘‘(2) COLLECTIONS AND APPROPRIATION ACTS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The fees authorized by this
section—
‘‘(i) shall be retained in each fiscal year in an
amount not to exceed the amount specified’’;
(C) by moving clause (ii) (as so redesignated) two ems
to the right; and
(D) by adding at the end the following subparagraph:
‘‘(B) COMPLIANCE.—The Secretary shall be considered
to have met the requirements of subparagraph (A)(ii) in
any fiscal year if the costs funded by appropriations and
allocated for the process for the review of human drug
applications—
‘‘(i) are not more than 3 percent below the level
specified in subparagraph (A)(ii); or
‘‘(ii)(I) are more than 3 percent below the level
specified in subparagraph (A)(ii), and fees assessed
for the fiscal year following the subsequent fiscal year
are decreased by the amount in excess of 3 percent
by which such costs fell below the level specified in
such subparagraph; and
‘‘(II) such costs are not more than 5 percent below
the level specified in such subparagraph.’’.
(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 736(g)(3)
of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C.
379h(g)(3)) is amended by striking subparagraphs (A) through
(E) and inserting the following:
‘‘(A) $222,900,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(B) $231,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
‘‘(C) $252,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
‘‘(D) $259,300,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
‘‘(E) $259,300,000 for fiscal year 2007;’’.

Effective dates.
Deadlines.
21 USC 379g
note.

SEC. 505. ACCOUNTABILITY AND REPORTS.

Federal Register,
publication.

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(a) PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY.—
(1) CONSULTATION.—In developing recommendations to the
Congress for the goals and plans for meeting the goals for
the process for the review of human drug applications for
the fiscal years after fiscal year 2007, and for the reauthorization of sections 735 and 736 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services
(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall consult
with the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House
of Representatives, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor,
and Pensions of the Senate, appropriate scientific and academic
experts, health care professionals, representatives of patient
and consumer advocacy groups, and the regulated industry.
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Secretary shall publish in the
Federal Register recommendations under paragraph (1), after
negotiations with the regulated industry; shall present such
recommendations to the congressional committees specified in
such paragraph; shall hold a meeting at which the public may
present its views on such recommendations; and shall provide

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 693

for a period of 30 days for the public to provide written comments on such recommendations.
(b) PERFORMANCE REPORT.—Beginning with fiscal year 2003,
not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year during
which fees are collected under part 2 of subchapter C of chapter
VII of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 379g
et seq.), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall prepare
and submit to the President, the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report
concerning the progress of the Food and Drug Administration in
achieving the goals identified in the letters described in section
502(4) during such fiscal year and the future plans of the Food
and Drug Administration for meeting the goals.
(c) FISCAL REPORT.—Beginning with fiscal year 2003, not later
than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which
fees are collected under the part described in subsection (b), the
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall prepare and submit
to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and
Pensions of the Senate, a report on the implementation of the
authority for such fees during such fiscal year and the use, by
the Food and Drug Administration, of the fees collected during
such fiscal year for which the report is made.
SEC. 506. REPORTS OF POSTMARKETING STUDIES.

Section 506B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(21 U.S.C. 356b) is amended by adding at the end the following
subsections:
‘‘(d) DISCLOSURE.—If a sponsor fails to complete an agreed
upon study required by this section by its original or otherwise
negotiated deadline, the Secretary shall publish a statement on
the Internet site of the Food and Drug Administration stating
that the study was not completed and, if the reasons for such
failure to complete the study were not satisfactory to the Secretary,
a statement that such reasons were not satisfactory to the Secretary.
‘‘(e) NOTIFICATION.—With respect to studies of the type required
under section 506(b)(2)(A) or under section 314.510 or 601.41 of
title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, as each of such sections
was in effect on the day before the effective date of this subsection,
the Secretary may require that a sponsor who, for reasons not
satisfactory to the Secretary, fails to complete by its deadline a
study under any of such sections of such type for a drug or biological
product (including such a study conducted after such effective date)
notify practitioners who prescribe such drug or biological product
of the failure to complete such study and the questions of clinical
benefit, and, where appropriate, questions of safety, that remain
unanswered as a result of the failure to complete such study.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as altering the
requirements of the types of studies required under section
506(b)(2)(A) or under section 314.510 or 601.41 of title 21, Code
of Federal Regulations, as so in effect, or as prohibiting the Secretary from modifying such sections of title 21 of such Code to
provide for studies in addition to those of such type.’’.

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116 STAT. 694

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

21 USC 379g
note.

SEC. 507. SAVINGS CLAUSE.

21 USC 356b
note.

SEC. 508. EFFECTIVE DATE.

21 USC 379g
note.

SEC. 509. SUNSET CLAUSE.

Notwithstanding section 107 of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, and notwithstanding the amendments made by this subtitle, part 2 of subchapter C of chapter
VII of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as in effect
on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, continues
to be in effect with respect to human drug applications and supplements (as defined in such part as of such day) that, on or after
October 1, 1997, but before October 1, 2002, were accepted by
the Food and Drug Administration for filing and with respect to
assessing and collecting any fee required by such Act for a fiscal
year prior to fiscal year 2003.
The amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect October
1, 2002.
The amendments made by sections 503 and 504 cease to be
effective October 1, 2007, and section 505 ceases to be effective
120 days after such date.

Subtitle B—Funding Provisions Regarding
Food and Drug Administration
SEC. 521. OFFICE OF DRUG SAFETY.

Of the amounts appropriated for the Food and Drug Administration for a fiscal year, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall reserve for the Office of Drug Safety (within such Administration), the following amounts:
(1) For fiscal year 2003, an amount equal to the sum
of $5,000,000 and the amount made available under appropriations Acts for such Office for fiscal year 2002.
(2) For fiscal year 2004, an amount equal to the sum
of $10,000,000 and the amount made available under appropriations Acts for such Office for fiscal year 2002.
(3) For each subsequent fiscal year, an amount equal to
the sum of the amount made available under appropriations
Acts for such Office for fiscal year 2004 and an amount sufficient to offset the effects of inflation occurring after the beginning of fiscal year 2004.
Appropriation
authorization.

SEC. 522. DIVISION OF DRUG MARKETING, ADVERTISING, AND COMMUNICATIONS.

For the Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising, and Communications (within the Office of Medical Policy, Food and Drug
Administration), there are authorized to be appropriated the following amounts, stated as increases above the amount made available under appropriations Acts for such Division for fiscal year
2002:
(1) For fiscal year 2003, an increase of $2,500,000.
(2) For fiscal year 2004, an increase of $4,000,000.
(3) For fiscal year 2005, an increase of $5,500,000.
(4) For fiscal year 2006, an increase of $7,500,000.
(5) For fiscal year 2007, an increase of $7,500,000.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

116 STAT. 695

SEC. 523. OFFICE OF GENERIC DRUGS.

For the Office of Generic Drugs (within the Food and Drug
Administration), there are authorized to be appropriated the following amounts, stated as increases above the amount made available under appropriations Acts for such Office for fiscal year 2002:
(1) For fiscal year 2003, an increase of $3,000,000.
(2) For fiscal year 2004, an increase of $6,000,000.
(3) For fiscal year 2005, an increase of $9,000,000.
(4) For fiscal year 2006, an increase of $12,000,000.
(5) For fiscal year 2007, an increase of $15,000,000.

Appropriation
authorization.

Subtitle C—Additional Provisions

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SEC. 531. TRANSITION TO DIGITAL TELEVISION.

47 USC 336 note.

(a) PAIR ASSIGNMENT REQUIRED.—In order to further promote
the orderly transition to digital television, and to promote the
equitable allocation and use of digital channels by television broadcast permittees and licensees, the Federal Communications
Commission, at the request of an eligible licensee or permittee,
shall, within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act,
allot, if necessary, and assign a paired digital television channel
to that licensee or permittee, provided that—
(1) such channel can be allotted and assigned without
further modification of the tables of allotments as set forth
in sections 73.606 and 73.622 of the Commission’s regulations
(47 CFR 73.606, 73.622); and
(2) such allotment and assignment is otherwise consistent
with the Commission’s rules (47 CFR part 73).
(b) ELIGIBLE TRANSITION LICENSEE OR PERMITTEE.—For purposes of subsection (a), the term ‘‘eligible licensee or permittee’’
means only a full power television broadcast licensee or permittee
(or its successor in interest) that—
(1) had an application pending for an analog television
station construction permit as of October 24, 1991, which
application was granted after April 3, 1997; and
(2) as of the date of enactment of this Act, is the permittee
or licensee of that station.
(c) REQUIREMENTS ON LICENSEE OR PERMITTEE.—
(1) CONSTRUCTION DEADLINE.—Any licensee or permittee
receiving a paired digital channel pursuant to this section—
(A) shall be required to construct the digital television
broadcast facility within 18 months of the date on which
the Federal Communications Commission issues a construction permit therefore, and
(B) shall be prohibited from obtaining or receiving
an extension of time from the Commission beyond the
construction deadline established by paragraph (1).
(2) PROHIBITION OF ANALOG OPERATION USING DIGITAL
PAIR.—Any licensee or permittee receiving a paired digital
channel pursuant to this section shall be prohibited from giving
up its current paired analog assignment and becoming a singlechannel broadcaster and operating in analog on such paired
digital channel.
(d) RELIEF RESTRICTED.—Any paired digital allotment and
assignment made under this section shall not be available to any

Deadline.

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116 STAT. 696

PUBLIC LAW 107–188—JUNE 12, 2002

other applicant unless such applicant is an eligible licensee or
permittee within the meaning of subsection (b).
SEC.

Applicability.
42 USC
1395w–24 note.

Applicability.
42 USC
1395w–21 note.

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532.

3-YEAR DELAY IN LOCK IN PROCEDURES FOR
MEDICARE+CHOICE PLANS; CHANGE IN CERTAIN
MEDICARE+CHOICE DEADLINES AND ANNUAL, COORDINATED ELECTION PERIOD FOR 2003, 2004, AND 2005.

(a) LOCK-IN DELAY.—Section 1851(e) of the Social Security Act
(42 U.S.C. 1395w–21(e)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ‘‘THROUGH 2001’’ and
‘‘during 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001’’ and inserting ‘‘THROUGH
2004’’ and ‘‘during the period beginning January 1, 1998, and
ending on December 31, 2004’’, respectively;
(2) in the heading to paragraph (2)(B), by striking ‘‘DURING
2002’’ and inserting ‘‘DURING 2005’’;
(3) in paragraphs (2)(B)(i) and (2)(C)(i), by striking ‘‘2002’’
and inserting ‘‘2005’’ each place it appears;
(4) in paragraph (2)(D), by striking ‘‘2001’’ and inserting
‘‘2004’’; and
(5) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘2002’’ and inserting ‘‘2005’’
each place it appears.
(b) CHANGE IN REPORTING DEADLINE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1854(a)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C.
1395w–24(a)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘Not later than July
1 of each year’’ and inserting ‘‘Not later than the second Monday
in September of 2002, 2003, and 2004 (or July 1 of each other
year)’’.
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph
(1) shall apply to information submitted for years beginning
with 2003.
(c) DELAY IN ANNUAL, COORDINATED ELECTION PERIOD.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1851(e) of such Act (42 U.S.C.
1395w–21(e)) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking ‘‘means’’ and all
that follows and inserting the following: ‘‘means, with
respect to a year before 2003 and after 2005, the month
of November before such year and with respect to 2003,
2004, and 2005, the period beginning on November 15
and ending on December 31 of the year before such year.’’;
and
(B) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ‘‘each subsequent
year (as provided in paragraph (3))’’ and inserting ‘‘during
the annual, coordinated election period under paragraph
(3) for each subsequent year’’.
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph
(1) shall apply to the annual, coordinated election period for
years beginning with 2003.
(d) CHANGE TO ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF PAYMENT RATES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1853(b)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C.
1395w–23(b)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘not later than March
1 before the calendar year concerned’’ and inserting ‘‘for years
before 2004 and after 2005 not later than March 1 before
the calendar year concerned and for 2004 and 2005 not later
than the second Monday in May before the respective calendar
year’’.

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(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph
(1) shall first apply to announcements for years after 2003.

Applicability.
42 USC
1395w–23 note.

Approved June 12, 2002.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 3448:
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107–481 (Comm. of Conference).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 147 (2001): Dec. 11, 12, considered and passed House.
Dec. 20, considered and passed Senate, amended.
Vol. 148 (2002): May 22, House agreed to conference report.
May 23, Senate agreed to conference report.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 38 (2002):
June 12, Presidential remarks.

Æ

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