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pdfField Crops 2011:
Barley and Sorghum (May 16, 2012)
Overview
The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
Agricultural Chemical Use Program is the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s official source of
statistics about on-farm and post-harvest fertilizer
and pesticide use and pest management practices.
In fall 2011, NASS collected data about fertilizer
and pesticide use, as well as pest management
practices, on barley and sorghum acreage planted
for the 2011 crop year. These data were collected
as part of the Agricultural Resource Management
Survey (ARMS). The barley results were based on
1,266 individual questionnaires from producers
in 13 program states. These states were Arizona,
California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana,
North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming (Figure 1).
These states accounted for 92 percent of the barley
acreage planted in the United States in the 2011
crop year.
The sorghum results are based on 548 individual
questionnaires from producers in six program
states. These states were Colorado, Kansas,
Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas
(Figure 1). These States accounted for 91 percent of
the sorghum acreage planted in the United States
in the 2011 crop year.
Figure 1. Agricultural Chemical Use on Barley and Sorghum: Program States by Crop, 2011
Barley
Barley and Sorghum
Sorghum
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Statistics Service
(800) 727-9540
www.nass.usda.gov
Pesticides
Barley Highlights
Fertilizers
Nitrogen (N) was the most widely used primary
macronutrient on barley. Farmers applied
nitrogen to 86 percent of acres planted to barley
at an average rate of 72 pounds per acre for the
2011 crop year (Table 1). The macronutrient
phosphate (P) was applied to 68 percent of barley
acres planted, potash (K) to 28 percent. The
micronutrient sulfur (S) was applied to 30 percent
of acres planted to barley.
Table 1. Fertilizers: Applications to Barley Planted
Acres, 2011 Program States
In the 13 States surveyed, a total of 71 unique
pesticide active ingredients were applied to acres
planted to barley. Of the four pesticide classes,
herbicides were the most commonly used, applied
to 83 percent of barley acres planted (Figure
2). Fungicides and insecticides were applied to
24 percent and 6 percent of acres, respectively.
Etephon, a plant growth regulator used to
control lodging in barley, was the only active
ingredient in the other class that was reported.
Based on percent of acres planted, the three
most commonly used active ingredients were
herbicides: pinoxaden, followed by glyphosate
isopropylamine salt and bromoxynil octanoate
(Table 2).
Figure 2. Pesticides: Percent of Barley Planted
Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Percent of
Planted
Acres
Treated
Crop Year
Average Rate
Total
Applied
Herbicide
%
lbs/acre
lbs
Fungicide
Nitrogen
86
72
145,600,000
Phosphate
68
30
48,000,000
Potash
28
24
15,800,000
Sulfur
30
21
14,500,000
Insecticide
Other
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Table 2. Top Pesticides Used, by Percent of Barley
Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Active
Ingredient
Pesticide Class
Percent of Planted
Acres Treated
Crop Year
Average Rate
Total Applied
%
lbs/acre
lbs
Pinoxaden
Herbicide
42
0.050
49,000
Glyphosate
isopropylamine salt
Herbicide
35
1.161
943,000
Bromoxynil octanoate
Herbicide
32
0.221
163,000
100%
Pesticides
Sorghum Highlights
Nitrogen (N) was the most widely used primary
macronutrient on sorghum. Farmers applied
nitrogen to 81 percent of acres planted to
sorghum at an average rate of 67 pounds per acre
for the 2011 crop year (Table 3). The macronutrient
phosphate (P) was applied to 54 percent of
planted sorghum acres, potash (K) to 9 percent.
The micronutrient sulfur (S) was applied to 16
percent of acres planted to sorghum.
In the six States surveyed, a total of 48 unique
pesticide active ingredients were applied to acres
planted to sorghum. Of the four pesticide classes,
herbicides were the most commonly used, applied
to 86 percent of sorghum acres planted (Figure
3). Insecticides were applied to 6 percent of acres
planted to sorghum. Pyraclostrobin was the only
fungicide that was reported, but there were not a
sufficient number of reports to publish the data.
No active ingredients in the other pesticide class
were reported. Based on percent of acres planted,
the three most commonly used active ingredients
were herbicides: atrazine followed by glyphosate
isopropylamine salt and S-metolachlor (Table 4).
Table 3. Fertilizers: Applications to Sorghum
Planted Acres, 2011 Program States
Figure 3. Pesticides: Percent of Sorghum Planted
Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Fertilizers
Percent of
Planted
Acres
Treated
Crop Year
Average
Rate
Total
Applied
%
lbs/acre
lbs
Nitrogen
81
67
269,100,000
Phosphate
54
26
69,100,000
Potash
9
16
7,000,000
Sulfur
16
9
7,500,000
Herbicide
Fungicide (D)
Insecticide
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
(D) = Insufficient reports to publish data.
Table 4. Top Pesticides Used, by Percent of Sorghum
Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Active
Ingredient
Pesticide Class
Percent of Planted
Acres Treated
Crop Year
Average Rate
Total Applied
%
lbs/acre
lbs
Atrazine
Herbicide
64
1.316
4,206,000
Glyphosate
isopropylamine salt
Herbicide
47
1.282
2,986,000
S-metolachlor
Herbicide
37
1.178
2,142,000
100%
Pest Management Practices: Barley and Sorghum
Barley and sorghum growers reported using pest management practices in each of the following
four categories: prevention, avoidance, monitoring, and suppression. Scouting for weeds was the top
management practice for both barley and sorghum acres planted (Table 5).
Table 5. Top Practice in Each Pest Management
Category, by Percent of Barley and Sorghum Acres,
2011 Program States
Category
Percent of Planted Acres
Treated
Top Practice in Category
Barley
Sorghum
Prevention
No-till or minimum till used
60
67
Avoidance
Rotated crop during past 3 years
70
80
Monitoring
Scouted for weeds
92
82
Suppression
Ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers
maintained
45
51
For More Information: Data Summary Published to Quick Stats 2.0 (May 16, 2012)
The 2011 agricultural chemical use data for barley and sorghum are available through the Quick Stats 2.0
database on the NASS Website: www.nass.usda.gov. To access the database, go to ‘quickstats.nass.usda.gov’
and follow the instructions below.
Commodity
Quick Stats 2.0 Search
‘Program’
‘Sector’
‘Group’
‘Commodity’
Barley
Survey
Environmental
Field Crops
Barley
Sorghum
Survey
Environmental
Field Crops
Sorghum
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Modified | 2012-05-16 |
| File Created | 2012-05-16 |