Formative - Developmental

NCS FFQ
LOI2-QUEX-14

ATTACHMENT C.4.7
OMB Control Number: 0925-0593
Expiration Date: 06/31/2013

45196

National Children's Study

Food Frequency
Questionnaire

P1-T3

Instructions
This questionnaire asks you about the foods you ate over the past 3 months.
Answer each question as best you can. Estimate if you are not sure. A guess is better than leaving a blank.
Use only a black or blue pen. Do not use a felt-tip pen or a pencil.
Do not fold, staple, or tear the pages.
Mark

to indicate your answer.

If you want to change your answer, mark
correct answer.

on the wrong answer and put an X in the box next to the

If you mark NEVER, NO, or DON'T KNOW for a question, please follow any arrows or instructions that
direct you to the next question.

NOTIFICATION TO RESPONDENT OF ESTIMATED BURDEN
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 30 minutes per response,
including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data
needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor,
and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently
valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this
collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to: NIH, Project Clearance Office, 6705
Rockledge Drive, MSC 7974, Bethesda, MD 20892-7974, ATTN: PRA (0925-0590). Do not return the completed
form to this address.

Place Label Here
FFQPT301.00EN

45196

3a. Each time you drank other 100% fruit juice or
100% fruit juice mixtures, how much did you
usually drink?

1. Over the past 3 months, how often did you drink
tomato juice or vegetable juice?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 2)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1½ cups (6 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

4. Over the past 3 months, how often did you drink
other fruit drinks (such as cranberry cocktail,
Hi-C, lemonade, or Kool-Aid, diet or regular)?

1a. Each time you drank tomato juice or
vegetable juice, how much did you usually
drink?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 5)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1¼ cups (6 to 10 ounces)
More than 1¼ cups (10 ounces)
2. Over the past 3 months, how often did you drink
orange juice or grapefruit juice?

4a. Each time you drank fruit drinks, how much
did you usually drink?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 3)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 2 cups (8 to 16 ounces)
More than 2 cups (16 ounces)

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

4b. How often were your fruit drinks diet or sugarfree?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

2a. Each time you drank orange juice or grapefruit
juice, how much did you usually drink?
Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1¼ cups (6 to 10 ounces)
More than 1¼ cups (10 ounces)

5. How often did you drink milk as a beverage
(NOT in coffee, NOT in cereal)? (Please include
chocolate milk, hot chocolate made with milk, soy
milk, rice milk, and other types of milk.)

3. Over the past 3 months, how often did you drink
other 100% fruit juice or 100% fruit juice
mixtures (such as apple, grape, pineapple, or
others)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 6)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 4)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

5a. Each time you drank milk as a beverage, how
much did you usually drink?
Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 1½ cups (8 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

Question 4 appears in the next column.

Question 6 appears on the next page.

2

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Over the past 3 months...

7b. How often were these soft drinks, soda, or pop
diet or sugar-free?

5b. What kind of milk did you usually drink?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Whole milk
2% fat milk
1% fat milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% fat milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Raw, unpasteurized milk
Other

7c.

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

6. How often did you drink meal replacement,
energy, or high-protein beverages such as
Instant Breakfast, Ensure, Slimfast, Sustacal or
others?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 7)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

8. How often did you drink beer?
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 9)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

6a. Each time you drank meal replacement,
energy, or high-protein beverages, how
much did you usually drink?

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

8a. Each time you drank beer, how much did you
usually drink?

Less than 1 cup (8 ounces)
1 to 1½ cups (8 to 12 ounces)
More than 1½ cups (12 ounces)

Less than a 12-ounce can or bottle
1 to 3 12-ounce cans or bottles
More than 3 12-ounce cans or bottles

7. How often did you drink soft drinks, soda, or
pop?

9. How often did you drink wine or wine coolers?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 8)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

How often were these soft drinks, soda, or pop
caffeine-free?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 10)

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

7a. Each time you drank soft drinks, soda, or
pop, how much did you usually drink?

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

9a. Each time you drank wine or wine coolers,
how much did you usually drink?

Less than 12 ounces or less than
1 can or bottle

Less than 5 ounces or less than 1 glass
5 to 12 ounces or 1 to 2 glasses
More than 12 ounces or more than 2 glasses

12 to 16 ounces or 1 can or bottle
More than 16 ounces or more than
1 can or bottle

Question 8 appears in the next column.

Question 10 appears on the next page.

3

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Over the past 3 months...

12b. How often was the cold cereal you ate Total,
Product 19, or Right Start?

10. How often did you drink liquor or mixed drinks?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 11)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1–2 times per week
3–4 times per week

5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2–3 times per day
4–5 times per day
6 or more times per
day

12c. How often was the cold cereal you ate All
Bran, Fiber One, 100% Bran, or Bran Buds?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

10a. Each time you drank liquor or mixed drinks,
how much did you usually drink?
Less than 1 shot of liquor
1 to 3 shots of liquor
More than 3 shots of liquor

12d. How often was the cold cereal you ate some
other bran or fiber cereal (such as Cheerios,
Shredded Wheat, Raisin Bran, Bran Flakes,
Grape-Nuts, Granola, Wheaties, or Healthy
Choice)?

11. How often did you eat oatmeal, grits, or other
cooked cereal?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 12)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

12e. How often was the cold cereal you ate any
other type of cold cereal (such as Corn
Flakes, Rice Krispies, Frosted Flakes, Special K,
Froot Loops, Cap'n Crunch, or others)?

11a. Each time you ate oatmeal, grits, or other
cooked cereal, how much did you usually
eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ¾ cup
¾ to 1¼ cups
More than 1¼ cups
12. How often did you eat cold cereal?

12f. Was milk added to your cold cereal? (Please
include soy milk, rice milk, and other kinds of
milk.)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 13)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NO (GO TO QUESTION 13)

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

YES
12g. What kind of milk was usually added?

12a. Each time you ate cold cereal, how much did
you usually eat?

Whole milk
2% fat milk
1% fat milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% fat milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Raw, unpasteurized milk
Other

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2½ cups
More than 2½ cups

Question 13 appears on the next page.

Question 13 appears on the next page.

4

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15a. Each time you ate pears, how many did you
usually eat?

Over the past 3 months...
12h. Each time milk was added to your cold
cereal, how much was usually added?

Less than 1 pear
1 pear
More than 1 pear

Less than ½ cup
½ cup to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

16. How often did you eat bananas?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 17)

13. How often did you eat applesauce?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 14)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

16a. Each time you ate bananas, how many did
you usually eat?

13a. Each time you ate applesauce, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than 1 banana
1 banana
More than 1 banana

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

17. How often did you eat dried fruit, such as prunes
or raisins (not including dried apricots)?

14. How often did you eat apples?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 18)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 15)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

17a. Each time you ate dried fruit, how much did
you usually eat (not including dried apricots)?

14a. Each time you ate apples, how many did you
usually eat?

Less than 2 tablespoons
2 to 5 tablespoons
More than 5 tablespoons

Less than 1 apple
1 apple
More than 1 apple

18. How often did you eat peaches, nectarines, or
plums (fresh, canned, or frozen)?

15. How often did you eat pears (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 19)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 16)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 16 appears in the next column.

Question 19 appears on the next page.

5

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

Over the past 3 months...

21. How often did you eat melon (fresh or frozen),
other than cantaloupe (such as watermelon or
honeydew)?

18a. Each time you ate peaches, nectarines, or
plums, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 22)

Less than 1 fruit or less than ½ cup
1 to 2 fruits or ½ to ¾ cup
More than 2 fruits or more than ¾ cup

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

19. How often did you eat grapes?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 20)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

21a. Each time you ate melon other than
cantaloupe, how much did you usually eat?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than ½ cup or 1 small wedge
½ to 2 cups or 1 medium wedge
More than 2 cups or 1 large wedge

19a. Each time you ate grapes, how much did you
usually eat?

22. How often did you eat strawberries (fresh or
frozen)?

Less than ½ cup or less than 10 grapes
½ to 1 cup or 10 to 30 grapes
More than 1 cup or more than 30 grapes

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 23)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

20. How often did you eat cantaloupe (fresh or
frozen)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 21)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

22a. Each time you ate strawberries, how much
did you usually eat?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than ¼ cup or less than 3 berries
¼ to ¾ cup or 3 to 8 berries
More than ¾ cup or more than 8 berries

20a. Each time you ate cantaloupe, how much did
you usually eat?

23. How often did you eat oranges, tangerines, or
tangelos (fresh or canned)?

Less than ¼ melon or less than ½ cup
¼ melon or ½ to 1 cup
More than ¼ melon or more than 1 cup

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 24)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

23a. Each time you ate oranges, tangerines, or
tangelos, how many did you usually eat?
Less than 1 fruit
1 fruit
More than 1 fruit

Question 21 appears in the next column.

Question 24 appears on the next page.

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27. How often did you eat RAW greens (such as
spinach, turnip, collard, mustard, chard, or kale)?
(We will ask about lettuce later.)

Over the past 3 months...
24. How often did you eat grapefruit (fresh or
canned)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 28)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 25)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

27a. Each time you ate RAW greens, how much
did you usually eat?

24a. Each time you ate grapefruit, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than ½ grapefruit
½ grapefruit
More than ½ grapefruit

28. How often did you eat coleslaw?

25. How often did you eat other kinds of fruit?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 29)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 26)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

28a. Each time you ate coleslaw, how much did
you usually eat?

25a. Each time you ate other kinds of fruit, how
much did you usually eat?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

29. How often did you eat cabbage (other than
coleslaw)?

26. How often did you eat COOKED greens (such as
spinach, turnip, collard, mustard, chard, or kale)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 30)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 27)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

29a. Each time you ate cabbage, how much did
you usually eat?

26a. Each time you ate COOKED greens, how
much did you usually eat?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Question 27 appears in the next column.

Question 30 appears on the next page.

7

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Over the past 3 months...

33. How often did you eat corn (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

30. How often did you eat carrots (fresh, canned or
frozen)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 34)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 31)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

33a. Each time you ate corn, how much did you
usually eat?

30a. Each time you ate carrots, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 1 ear of less than ½ cup
1 ear or ½ to 1 cup
More than 1 ear or more than 1 cup

Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 baby carrots
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 5 baby carrots
More than ½ cup or more than 5 baby carrots

34. How often did you eat broccoli (fresh or frozen)?

31. How often did you eat string beans or green
beans (fresh, canned, or frozen)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 35)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 32)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

34a. Each time you ate broccoli, how much did you
usually eat?

31a. Each time you ate string beans or green
beans, how much did you usually eat?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

35. How often did you eat cauliflower or Brussels
sprouts (fresh or frozen)?

32. How often did you eat peas (fresh, canned, or
frozen)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 36)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 33)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

35a. Each time you ate cauliflower or Brussels
sprouts, how much did you usually eat?

32a. Each time you ate peas, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ¾ cup
More than ¾ cup

Question 33 appears in the next column.

Question 36 appears on the next page.

8

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Over the past 3 months...

38a. Which fats were usually added to your
vegetables DURING COOKING? (Please do
not include potatoes. Mark all that apply.)

36. How often did you eat mixed vegetables?

Margarine
(including low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat
Olive oil

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 37)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Corn oil
Canola or rapeseed oil
Oil spray, such as
Pam or others
Other kinds of oils
None of the above

39. Now, thinking again about all the cooked
vegetables you ate in the past 3 months, how
often was some sort of fat, sauce, or dressing added
AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?
(Please do not include potatoes.)

36a. Each time you ate mixed vegetables, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 40)
37. How often did you eat onions?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 38)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

39a. Which fats, sauces, or dressings were usually
added AFTER COOKING OR AT THE
TABLE? (Please do not include potatoes.
Mark all that apply.)

37a. Each time you ate onions, how much did you
usually eat?

Margarine
(including low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat

Less than 1 slice or less than 1 tablespoon
1 slice or 1 to 4 tablespoons
More than 1 slice or more than 4 tablespoons
38. Now think about all the cooked vegetables you
ate in the past 3 months and how they were
prepared. How often were your vegetables COOKED
WITH some sort of fat, including oil spray?
(Please do not include potatoes.)

Salad dressing
Cheese sauce
White sauce
Other

39b. If margarine, butter, lard, fatback, or bacon fat
was added to your cooked vegetables AFTER
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE, how much did
you usually add?
Did not usually add these
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 39)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

39c. If salad dressing, cheese sauce, or white
sauce was added to your cooked vegetables
AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE, how
much did you usually add?
Did not usually add these
Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

Question 39 appears in the next column.

Question 40 appears on the next page.

9

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Over the past 3 months...

43. How often did you eat salad dressing (including
low-fat) on salads?

40. Over the past 3 months, how often did you eat
sweet peppers (green, red, or yellow)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 44)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 41)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

43a. Each time you ate salad dressing on salads,
how much did you usually eat?

40a. Each time you ate sweet peppers, how much
did you usually eat?
Less than 1/8 pepper
1/8 to ¼ pepper
More than ¼ pepper

Less than 2 tablespoons
2 to 4 tablespoons
More than 4 tablespoons
44. How often did you eat sweet potatoes or yams?

41. How often did you eat fresh tomatoes (including
those in salads)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 45)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 42)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than ¼ tomato
¼ to ½ tomato
More than ½ tomato

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

44a. Each time you ate sweet potatoes or yams,
how much did you usually eat?

41a. Each time you ate fresh tomatoes, how much
did you usually eat?

1 small potato or less than ¼ cup
1 medium potato or ¼ to ¾ cup
1 large potato or more than ¾ cup
45. How often did you eat French fries, home fries,
hash browned potatoes, or tater tots?

42. How often did you eat lettuce salads (with or
without other vegetables)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 46)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 43)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45a. Each time you ate French fries, home fries,
hash browned potatoes, or tater tots, how
much did you usually eat?

42a. Each time you ate lettuce salads, how much
did you usually eat?

Less than 10 fries or less than ½ cup
10 to 25 fries or ½ to 1 cup
More than 25 fries or more than 1 cup

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1¼ cups
More than 1¼ cups

Question 43 appears in the next column.

Question 46 appears on the next page.

10

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Over the past 3 months...

47c. How often was sour cream (including lowfat) added to your potatoes, EITHER IN
COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?

45b. How often were the French fries, home fries,
hash browned potatoes, or tater tots you ate
prepared at restaurants including fast-food
restaurants?

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 47e)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

47d. Each time sour cream was added to your
potatoes, how much was usually added?
Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

46. How often did you eat potato salad?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 47)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

46a. Each time you ate potato salad, how much
did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
47f. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN COOKING
OR AT THE TABLE?

47. How often did you eat baked, boiled, or mashed
potatoes?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 48)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

47e. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN COOKING
OR AT THE TABLE?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

47a. Each time you ate baked, boiled, or mashed
potatoes, how much did you usually eat?

47g. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your potatoes, how much was usually added?
Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons
47h. How often was cheese or cheese sauce
added to your potatoes, EITHER IN COOKING
OR AT THE TABLE?

1 small potato or less than ½ cup
1 medium potato or ½ to 1 cup
1 large potato or more than 1 cup
47b. How often were these potatoes baked?

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 48)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 48 appears on the next page.

Question 48 appears on the next page.

11

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Over the past 3 months...

51. How often did you eat chili?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 52)

47i. Each time cheese or cheese sauce was
added to your potatoes, how much was usually
added?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons
48. How often did you eat salsa?

51a. Each time you ate chili, how much did you
usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 49)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

48a. Each time you ate salsa, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1¾ cups
More than 1¾ cups
52. How often did you eat Mexican foods (such as
tacos, tostados, burritos, tamales, fajitas,
enchiladas, quesadillas, and chimichangas)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 53)

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 5 tablespoons
More than 5 tablespoons

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

49. How often did you eat catsup?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 50)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 6 teaspoons
More than 6 teaspoons

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

52a. Each time you ate Mexican foods, how much
did you usually eat?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

49a. Each time you ate catsup, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 1 taco, burrito, etc.
1 to 2 tacos, burritos, etc.
More than 2 tacos, burritos, etc.
53. How often did you eat cooked dried beans (such
as baked beans, pintos, kidney, blackeyed peas,
lima, lentils, soybeans, or refried beans)? (Please
don't include bean soups or chili.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 54)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

50. How often did you eat stuffing, dressing, or
dumplings?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 51)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

53a. Each time you ate beans, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

50a. Each time you ate stuffing, dressing, or
dumplings, how much did you usually eat?
Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup
Question 51 appears in the next column.

Question 54 appears on the next page.

12

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Over the past 3 months...

56. How often did you eat pancakes, waffles, or
French toast?

53b. How often were the beans you ate refried
beans, beans prepared with any type of fat,
or with meat added?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 57)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

56a. Each time you ate pancakes, waffles, or
French toast, how much did you usually eat?

54. How often did you eat other kinds of
vegetables?

Less than 1 medium piece
1 to 3 medium pieces
More than 3 medium pieces

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 55)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

56b. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your pancakes, waffles, or French
toast AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

54a. Each time you ate other kinds of vegetables,
how much did you usually eat?
Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

56c. How often was butter (including low-fat) added
to your pancakes, waffles, or French toast
AFTER COOKING OR AT THE TABLE?

55. How often did you eat rice or other cooked grains
(such as bulgur, cracked wheat, or millet)?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 56)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

56d. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your pancakes, waffles, or French toast, how
much was usually added?

55a. Each time you ate rice or other cooked
grains, how much did you usually eat?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

56e. How often was syrup added to your pancakes,
waffles, or French toast?

55b. How often was butter, margarine, or oil
added to your rice IN COOKING OR AT THE
TABLE?

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 57)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 56 appears in the next column.

Question 57 appears on the next page.

13

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Over the past 3 months...

59a. Each time you ate pasta salad or macaroni
salad, how much did you usually eat?

56f. Each time syrup was added to your pancakes,
waffles, or French toast, how much was
usually added?
Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 4 tablespoons
More than 4 tablespoons

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup
60. Other than the pastas listed in Questions 57, 58,
and 59, how often did you eat pasta, spaghetti,
or other noodles?

57. How often did you eat lasagna, stuffed shells,
stuffed manicotti, ravioli, or tortellini? (Please
do not include spaghetti or other pasta.)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 61)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 58)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

60a. Each time you ate pasta, spaghetti, or other
noodles, how much did you usually eat?

57a. Each time you ate lasagna, stuffed shells,
stuffed manicotti, ravioli, or tortellini, how
much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 cup
1 to 3 cups
More than 3 cups
60b. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti, or
other noodles with tomato sauce or spaghetti
sauce made WITH meat?

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cup
More than 2 cups

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

58. How often did you eat macaroni and cheese?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 59)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

60c. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti, or
other noodles with tomato sauce or spaghetti
sauce made WITHOUT meat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

58a. Each time you ate macaroni and cheese, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than 1 cup
1 to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

60d. How often did you eat your pasta, spaghetti, or
other noodles with margarine, butter, oil, or
cream sauce?

59. How often did you eat pasta salad or macaroni
salad?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 60)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 60 appears in the next column.

Question 61 appears on the next page.

14

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Over the past 3 months...

61f. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your bagels or English muffins, how much was
usually added?

61. How often did you eat bagels or English
muffins?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO
QUESTION 62)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

61a. Each time you ate bagels or English muffins,
how many did you usually eat?
Less than 1 bagel or English muffin
1 bagel or English muffin
More than 1 bagel or English muffin

61g. How often was cream cheese (including lowfat) spread on your bagels or English muffins?
Almost never or never (GO TO INTRODUCTION
TO QUESTION 62)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
61h. Each time cream cheese was added to your
bagels or English muffins, how much was
usually added?

61b. How often were the bagels or English muffins
you ate whole grain?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

The next questions ask about your intake of breads other
than bagels or English muffins. First, we will ask about
bread you ate as part of sandwiches only. Then we will
ask about all other bread you ate.

61c. How often were your bagels or English muffins
toasted?

Over the past 3 months...

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

62. How often did you eat breads or rolls AS PART
OF SANDWICHES (including burger and hot dog
rolls)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 63)

61d. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your bagels or English muffins?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
61e. How often was butter (including low-fat) added
to your bagels or English muffins?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Introduction to question 62 appears in the next column.

Question 63 appears on the next page.

15

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

Over the past 3 months...

62g. How often was butter (including low-fat)
added to the breads or rolls used for your
sandwiches?

62a. Each time you ate breads or rolls AS PART
OF SANDWICHES, how many did you usually
eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1 slice or ½ roll
2 slices or 1 roll
More than 2 slices or more than 1 roll

62h. Each time margarine or butter was added to
the breads or rolls used for your sandwiches,
how much was usually added?

62b. How often were the breads or rolls used for
your sandwiches white bread (including
burger and hot dog rolls)?

Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
62c. How often were the breads or rolls used for
your sandwiches toasted?

63. How often did you eat breads or dinner rolls,
NOT AS PART OF SANDWICHES?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 64)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

62d. How often was mayonnaise or mayonnaisetype dressing (including low-fat) added to the
breads or rolls used for your sandwiches?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

63a. Each time you ate breads or dinner rolls,
NOT AS PART OF SANDWICHES, how much
did you usually eat?

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 62f)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1 slice or 1 dinner roll
2 slices or 2 dinner rolls
More than 2 slices or 2 dinner rolls
63b. How often were the breads or rolls you ate
white bread?

62e. Each time mayonnaise or mayonnaise-type
dressing was added to the breads or rolls used
for your sandwiches, how much was usually
added?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

63c. How often were the breads or rolls toasted?

62f. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to the breads or rolls used for your
sandwiches?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 62g appears in the next column.

Question 64 appears on the next page.

16

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Over the past 3 months...

64a. Each time you ate jam, jelly, or honey, how
much did you usually eat?

63d. How often was margarine (including low-fat)
added to your breads or rolls?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons
65. How often did you eat peanut butter or other nut
butter?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 66)

63e. How often was butter (including low-fat) added
to your breads or rolls?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

65a. Each time you ate peanut butter or other nut
butter, how much did you usually eat?

63f. Each time margarine or butter was added to
your breads or rolls, how much was usually
added?
Never added
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 2 teaspoons
More than 2 teaspoons

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons
66. How often did you eat roast beef or steak IN
SANDWICHES?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 67)

63g. How often was cream cheese (including lowfat) added to your breads or rolls?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never (GO TO QUESTION 64)
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 slice or less than 2 ounces
1 to 2 slices or 2 to 4 ounces
More than 2 slices or more than 4 ounces

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons
64. How often did you eat jam, jelly, or honey on
bagels, muffins, bread, rolls, or crackers?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

66a. Each time you ate roast beef or steak IN
SANDWICHES, how much did you usually
eat?

63h. Each time cream cheese was added to your
breads or rolls, how much was usually added?

67. How often did you eat turkey or chicken COLD
CUTS (such as loaf, luncheon meat, turkey ham,
turkey salami, or turkey pastrami)? (We will ask
about other turkey or chicken later.)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 65)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 68)

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Question 65 appears in the next column.

Question 68 appears on the next page.

17

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

Over the past 3 months...

69b. How often were the other cold cuts or
luncheon meats you ate light, low-fat, or fatfree? (Please do not include ham, turkey, or
chicken cold cuts.)

67a. Each time you ate turkey or chicken COLD
CUTS, how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices
68. How often did you eat luncheon or deli-style
ham? (We will ask about other ham later.)

70. How often did you eat canned tuna or tuna in
foil pouches (including in salads, sandwiches,
or casseroles)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 69)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

68a. Each time you ate luncheon or deli-style
ham, how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

70a. Each time you ate canned tuna or tuna in
foil pouches, how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 ounces
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 3 ounces
More than ½ cup or more than 3 ounces

68b. How often was the luncheon or deli-style ham
you ate light, low-fat, or fat-free?

70b. How often was the canned tuna or tuna in foil
pouches you ate water-packed tuna?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

69. How often did you eat other cold cuts or
luncheon meats (such as bologna, salami,
corned beef, pastrami, or others, including lowfat)? (Please do not include ham, turkey, or
chicken cold cuts.)

70c. How often was the canned tuna or tuna in foil
pouches you ate white "meat" tuna
including albacore?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 70)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 71)

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

69a. Each time you ate other cold cuts or luncheon
meats, how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
70d. How often was the canned tuna or tuna in foil
pouches you ate prepared with mayonnaise
or other dressing (including low-fat)?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 slice
1 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

Question 70 appears in the next column.

Question 71 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...

73a. Each time you ate ground beef in mixtures,
how much did you usually eat?

71. How often did you eat GROUND chicken or turkey?
(We will ask about other chicken and turkey later.)

Less than 3 ounces or less than ½ cup
3 to 8 ounces or ½ to 1 cup
More than 8 ounces or more than 1 cup

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 72)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

74. How often did you eat hot dogs or frankfurters?
(Please do not include sausages or vegetarian hot
dogs.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 75)

71a. Each time you ate GROUND chicken or
turkey, how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 2 ounces or less than ½ cup
2 to 4 ounces or ½ to 1 cup
More than 4 ounces or more than 1 cup

74a. Each time you ate hot dogs or frankfurters,
how many did you usually eat?

72. How often did you eat beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers?

Less than 1 hot dog
1 to 2 hot dogs
More than 2 hot dogs

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 73)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

74b. How often were the hot dogs or frankfurters
you ate light or low-fat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

72a. Each time you ate beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers, how much did you usually eat?
Less than 1 patty or less than 2 ounces
1 patty or 2 to 4 ounces
More than 1 patty or more than 4 ounces

75. How often did you eat beef mixtures such as
beef stew, beef pot pie, beef and noodles,
or beef and vegetables?

72b. How often were the beef hamburgers or
cheeseburgers you ate made with lean
ground beef?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 76)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

75a. Each time you ate beef stew, beef pot pie,
beef and noodles, or beef and vegetables,
how much did you usually eat?

73. How often did you eat ground beef in mixtures
(such as meatballs, casseroles, chili, or meatloaf)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 74)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cups
More than 2 cups

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 74 appears in the next column.

Question 76 appears on the next page.

19

45196

Over the past 3 months...

78a. Each time you ate pork or beef spareribs,
how much did you usually eat?

76. How often did you eat roast beef or pot roast
(including in mixtures)? (Please do not include
roast beef or pot roast in sandwiches.)

Less than 4 ribs
4 to 12 ribs
More than 12 ribs

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 77)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

79. How often did you eat roast turkey, turkey
cutlets, or turkey nuggets (including in
sandwiches)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 80)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

76a. Each time you ate roast beef or pot roast
(including in mixtures), how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 2 ounces
2 to 5 ounces
More than 5 ounces

79a. Each time you ate roast turkey, turkey
cutlets, or turkey nuggets, how much did you
usually eat? (Please note: 4 to 8 turkey
nuggets = 3 ounces.)

77. How often did you eat steak (beef)? (Please
do not include steak in sandwiches.)

Less than 2 ounces
2 to 4 ounces
More than 4 ounces

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 78)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

80. How often did you eat chicken as part of salads,
sandwiches, casseroles, stews, or other
mixtures?

77a. Each time you ate steak (beef), how much
did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 81)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 3 ounces
3 to 7 ounces
More than 7 ounces
77b. How often was the steak you ate lean?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

80a. Each time you ate chicken as part of salads,
sandwiches, casseroles, stews, or other
mixtures, how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1½ cups
More than 1½ cups

78. How often did you eat pork or beef spareribs?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 79)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

81. How often did you eat baked, broiled, roasted,
stewed, or fried chicken (including nuggets)?
(Please do not include chicken in mixtures.)

Question 79 appears in the next column.

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 82)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week
Question 82 appears on the next page.

20

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

Over the past 3 months...

83. How often did you eat pork (including chops,
roasts, and in mixed dishes)? (Please do not
include ham, ham steak, bacon, or sausage.)

81a. Each time you ate baked, broiled, roasted,
stewed, or fried chicken (including nuggets),
how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 84)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 2 drumsticks or wings, less than
1 breast or thigh, or less than 4 nuggets
2 drumsticks or wings, 1 breast or thigh, or
4 to 8 nuggets
More than 2 drumsticks or wings, more than
1 breast or thigh, or more than 8 nuggets

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

83a. Each time you ate pork, how much did you
usually eat?

81b. How often was the chicken you ate fried chicken
(including deep fried) or chicken nuggets?

Less than 2 ounces or less than 1 chop
2 to 5 ounces or 1 chop
More than 5 ounces or more than 1 chop

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

84. How often did you eat gravy on meat, chicken,
potatoes, rice, etc.?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 85)

81c. How often was the chicken you ate WHITE
meat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

84a. Each time you ate gravy on meat, chicken,
potatoes, rice, etc., how much did you usually
eat?

81d. How often did you eat chicken WITH skin?

Less than 1/8 cup
1/8 to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

85. How often did you eat liver (all kinds) or
liverwurst?

82. How often did you eat baked ham or ham steak?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 86)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 83)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

82a. Each time you ate baked ham or ham steak,
how much did you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

85a. Each time you ate liver or liverwurst, how
much did you usually eat?
Less than 1 ounce
1 to 4 ounces
More than 4 ounces

Less than 1 ounce
1 to 3 ounces
More than 3 ounces

Question 83 appears in the next column.

Question 86 appears on the next page.

21

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

88. How often did you eat shellfish such as shrimp,
oysters, clams, crab, crayfish, or lobsters?

Over the past 3 months...
86. How often did you eat bacon (including low-fat)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 89)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 87)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

88a. Each time you ate shellfish, how much did
you usually eat?

86a. Each time you ate bacon, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 2 ounces
2 to 5 ounces
More than 5 ounces

Fewer than 2 slices
2 to 3 slices
More than 3 slices

88b. How often was the shellfish you ate shrimp?

86b. How often was the bacon you ate light, lowfat, or lean?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

88c. How often was the shellfish you ate fried?

87. How often did you eat sausage (including low-fat)?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 88)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

89. How often did you eat fish sticks or fried fish
(NOT including shrimp or other shellfish)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 90)

87a. Each time you ate sausage, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 patty or 2 links
1 to 3 patties or 2 to 5 links
More than 3 patties or 5 links
87b. How often was the sausage you ate light,
low-fat, or lean?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

89a. Each time you ate fish sticks or fried fish,
how much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 2 ounces or less than 2 fish sticks
2 to 7 ounces or 2 to 3 fish sticks
More than 7 ounces or more than 3 fish sticks

Question 88 appears in the next column.

Question 90 appears on the next page.

22

45196

Over the past 3 months...

92a. Each time you ate tofu, soy burgers, or soy
meat-substitutes, how much did you usually
eat?

90. How often did you eat fish that was NOT FRIED
(not including shrimp or other shellfish and not
including canned tuna or tuna in foil pouches)?

Less than ¼ cup or less than 2 ounces
¼ to ½ cup or 2 to 4 ounces
More than ½ cup or more than 4 ounces

NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 91)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

90a. Each time you ate fish that was NOT FRIED,
how much did you usually eat?
Less than 2 ounces or less than 1 fillet
2 to 5 ounces or 1 fillet
More than 5 ounces or more than 1 fillet

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

93b. How often were the soups you ate bean soups?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 92)
3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

91a. Which of the following fats were regularly used
to prepare your meat, poultry, or fish? (Mark
all that apply.)
Corn oil
Canola or rapeseed oil
Oil spray, such as
Pam or others
Other kinds of oils
None of the above

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
93c. How often were the soups you ate cream
soups (including chowders)?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
93d. How often were the soups you ate tomato or
vegetable soups?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

92. How often did you eat tofu, soy burgers, or soy
meat-substitutes?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 93)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 cup
1 to 2 cups
More than 2 cups

91. How often was oil, butter, margarine, or other
fat used to FRY, SAUTE, BASTE, OR
MARINATE any meat, poultry, or fish you ate?
(Please do not include deep frying.)

Margarine
(including low-fat)
Butter (including
low-fat)
Lard, fatback, or
bacon fat
Olive oil

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 94)

93a. Each time you ate soup, how much did you
usually eat?

Now think about all the meat, poultry, and fish you ate in
the past 3 months and how they were prepared.

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

93. How often did you eat soup?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 93 appears in the next column.

Question 94 appears on the next page.

23

45196

96. How often did you eat corn bread or corn
muffins?

Over the past 3 months...
93e. How often were the soups you ate broth soups
(including chicken) with or without noodles or
rice?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 97)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

96a. Each time you ate corn bread or corn
muffins, how much did you usually eat?

94. How often did you eat pizza?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 95)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 piece or muffin
1 to 2 pieces or muffins
More than 2 pieces or muffins
97. How often did you eat biscuits?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 98)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

94a. Each time you ate pizza, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 1 slice or less than 1 mini pizza
1 to 3 slices or 1 mini pizza
More than 3 slices or more than 1 mini pizza

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

97a. Each time you ate biscuits, how many did you
usually eat?

94b. How often did you eat pizza with pepperoni,
sausage, or other meat?

Fewer than 1 biscuit
1 to 2 biscuits
More than 2 biscuits

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

98. How often did you eat potato chips, tortilla
chips, or corn chips (including low-fat, fat-free,
or low-salt)?

95. How often did you eat crackers?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 99)

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 96)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

95a. Each time you ate crackers, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

98a. Each time you ate potato chips, tortilla
chips, or corn chips, how much did you
usually eat?
Fewer than 10 chips or less than 1 cup
10 to 25 chips or 1 to 2 cups
More than 25 chips or more than 2 cups

Fewer than 4 crackers
4 to 10 crackers
More than 10 crackers

Question 96 appears in the next column.

Question 99 appears on the next page.

24

45196

Over the past 3 months...

101a. Each time you ate peanuts, walnuts, seeds, or
other nuts, how much did you usually eat?

98b. How often were the chips you ate low-fat or
fat-free?

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to ½ cup
More than ½ cup

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

101b. How often were the nuts or seeds you ate
almonds that were toasted or roasted?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

99. How often did you eat popcorn (including low-fat)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 100)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

102. How often did you eat energy, high-protein, or
breakfast bars such as Power Bars, Balance,
Clif, or others?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 103)

99a. Each time you ate popcorn, how much did
you usually eat?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 2 cups, popped
2 to 5 cups, popped
More than 5 cups, popped

102a. Each time you ate energy, high-protein, or
breakfast bars, how much did you usually
eat?

100. How often did you eat pretzels?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 101)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Less than 1 bar
1 bar
More than 1 bar
103. How often did you eat yogurt (NOT including
frozen yogurt)?

100a. Each time you ate pretzels, how many did
you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 104)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Fewer than 5 average twists
5 to 20 average twists
More than 20 average twists
101. How often did you eat peanuts, walnuts, seeds,
or other nuts?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

103a. Each time you ate yogurt, how much did you
usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 102)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 102 appears in the next column.

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 container
½ to 1 cup or 1 container
More than 1 cup or more than 1 container

Question 104 appears on the next page.

25

45196

Over the past 3 months...

106. How often did you eat frozen yogurt, sorbet, or
ices (including low-fat or fat-free)?

104. How often did you eat cottage cheese (including
low-fat)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 107)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 105)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

106a. Each time you ate frozen yogurt, sorbet, or
ices, how much did you usually eat?

104a. Each time you ate cottage cheese, how
much did you usually eat?

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 scoop
½ to 1 cup or 1 to 2 scoops
More than 1 cup or more than 2 scoops

Less than ¼ cup
¼ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

107. How often did you eat ice cream, ice cream
bars, or sherbet (including low-fat or fat-free)?

105. How often did you eat cheese (including low-fat;
including on cheeseburgers or in sandwiches or
subs)?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 108)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 106)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

107a. Each time you ate ice cream, ice cream
bars, or sherbet, how much did you usually
eat?

105a. Each time you ate cheese, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than ½ cup or less than 1 scoop
½ to 1½ cups or 1 to 2 scoops
More than 1½ cups or more than 2 scoops

Less than ½ ounce or less than 1 slice
½ to 1½ ounces or 1 slice
More than 1½ ounces or more than 1 slice

107b. How often was the ice cream you ate light,
low-fat, or fat-free ice cream or sherbet?

105b. How often was the cheese you ate light or
low-fat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
108. How often did you eat cake (including low-fat or
fat-free)?

105c. How often was the cheese you ate fat-free?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 109)
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Question 106 appears in the next column.

Question 109 appears on the next page.

26

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

45196

Over the past 3 months...

110a. Each time you ate doughnuts, sweet rolls,
Danish, or pop-tarts, how much did you
usually eat?

108a. Each time you ate cake, how much did you
usually eat?

Less than 1 piece
1 to 2 pieces
More than 2 pieces

Less than 1 medium piece
1 medium piece
More than 1 medium piece

111. How often did you eat sweet muffins or dessert

108b. How often was the cake you ate light,
low-fat, or fat-free?

breads (including low-fat or fat-free)?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 112)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

109. How often did you eat cookies or brownies
(including low-fat or fat-free)?

111a. Each time you ate sweet muffins or dessert
breads, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 110)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

Less than 1 medium piece
1 medium piece
More than 1 medium piece

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times
per day

111b. How often were the sweet muffins or dessert
breads you ate light, low-fat, or fat-free?

109a. Each time you ate cookies or brownies, how
much did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 2 cookies or 1 small brownie
2 to 4 cookies or 1 medium brownie
More than 4 cookies or 1 large brownie

112. How often did you eat fruit crisp, cobbler, or
strudel?

109b. How often were the cookies or brownies you
ate light, low-fat, or fat-free?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 113)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

110. How often did you eat doughnuts, sweet rolls,
Danish, or pop-tarts?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

112a. Each time you ate fruit crisp, cobbler, or
strudel, how much did you usually eat?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 111)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Question 111 appears in the next column.

Less than ½ cup
½ to 1 cup
More than 1 cup

Question 113 appears on the next page.

27

45196

114. How often did you eat chocolate candy?

Over the past 3 months...

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 115)

113. How often did you eat pie?

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 114)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

114a. Each time you ate chocolate candy, how
much did you usually eat?

113a. Each time you ate pie, how much did you
usually eat?
Less than 1/8 of a pie
About 1/8 of a pie
More than 1/8 of a pie

Less than 1 average bar or less than 1 ounce
1 average bar or 1 to 2 ounces
More than 1 average bar or more than 2 ounces
115. How often did you eat other candy?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 116)

The next four questions ask about the kinds of pie
you ate. Please read all four questions before
answering.

Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

113b. How often were the pies you ate fruit pie
(such as apple, blueberry, others)?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

115a. Each time you ate other candy, how much
did you usually eat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
113c. How often were the pies you ate cream,
pudding, custard, or meringue pie?

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

Fewer than 2 pieces
2 to 9 pieces
More than 9 pieces
116. How often did you eat eggs, egg whites, or egg
substitutes (NOT counting eggs in baked goods
and desserts)? (Please include eggs in salads,
quiche, and soufflés.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 117)
Less than 1 time per month
1 time per month
2–3 times per month
1 time per week
2 times per week

113d. How often were the pies you ate pumpkin or
sweet potato pie?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

3–4 times per week
5–6 times per week
1 time per day
2 or more times per
day

116a. Each time you ate eggs, egg whites, or egg
substitutes, how many did you usually eat?
1 egg
2 eggs
3 or more eggs

113e. How often were the pies you ate pecan pie?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 114 appears in the next column.

Question 117 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...

117a. How often was the coffee you drank
decaffeinated?

116b. How often were the eggs you ate egg
substitutes?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
116c. How often were the eggs you ate egg whites
only?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
118. How many glasses of ICED tea, caffeinated or
decaffeinated, did you drink?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 119)
Less than 1 cup per month
1-3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2-4 cups per week
5-6 cups per week

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
116d. How often were the eggs you ate regular
whole eggs?

118a. How often was the iced tea you drank
decaffeinated or herbal tea?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
118b. How often was the iced tea you drank green
tea?

116e. How often were the eggs you ate cooked in
oil, butter, or margarine?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
116f. How often were the eggs you ate part of egg
salad?

119. How many cups of HOT tea, caffeinated,
decaffeinated, or herbal, did you drink?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 120)
Less than 1 cup per month
1-3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2-4 cups per week
5-6 cups per week

117. How many cups of coffee, caffeinated or
decaffeinated, did you drink?

1 cup per day
2-3 cups per day
4-5 cups per day
6 or more cups
per day

119a. How often was the hot tea you drank
decaffeinated or herbal tea?

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 118)
Less than 1 cup per month
1-3 cups per month
1 cup per week
2-4 cups per week
5-6 cups per week

1 cup per day
2-3 cups per day
4-5 cups per day
6 or more cups
per day

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

1 cup per day
2-3 cups per day
4-5 cups per day
6 or more cups
per day

Question 118 appears in the next column.

Question 120 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...

122a. Each time non-dairy creamer was added to
your coffee or tea, how much was usually
used?

119b. How often was the hot tea you drank green
tea?

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

122b. What kind of non-dairy creamer did you
usually use?
Regular powdered
Low-fat or fat-free powdered
Regular liquid
Low-fat or fat-free liquid

120. How often did you add sugar or honey to your
coffee or tea?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 121)
Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

123. How often was cream or half and half added to
your coffee or tea?
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 124)
Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

120a. Each time sugar or honey was added to your
coffee or tea, how much was usually added?
Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

123a. Each time cream or half and half was added
to your coffee or tea, how much was usually
added?

121. How often did you add artificial sweetener to
your coffee or tea?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 2 tablespoons
More than 2 tablespoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 122)
Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

124. How often was milk added to your coffee or tea?
(Please include soy milk, rice milk, and other
types of milk.)
NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 125)

121a. What kind of artificial sweetener did you
usually use?

Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

Equal or aspartame
Sweet N Low or saccharin
Splenda or sucralose

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

124a. Each time milk was added to your coffee or
tea, how much was usually added?

122. How often was non-dairy creamer added to your
coffee or tea?

Less than 1 tablespoon
1 to 3 tablespoons
More than 3 tablespoons

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 123)
Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

Question 123 appears in the next column.

Question 125 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...
124b. What kind of milk was usually added to
your coffee or tea?
Whole milk
2% fat milk
1% fat milk
Skim, nonfat, or ½% fat milk
Evaporated or condensed (canned) milk
Soy milk
Rice milk
Raw, unpasteurized milk
Other

The following questions are about the kinds of butter,
margarine, mayonnaise, sour cream, cream cheese,
and salad dressing that you eat. If possible, please
check the labels of these foods to help you answer.
126. Over the past 3 months, did you eat margarine?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 127)
YES
126a. How often was the margarine you ate
regular-fat (stick or tub)?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

125. How often was sugar or honey added to foods
you ate? (Please do not include sugar in coffee,
tea, other beverages, or baked goods.)
NEVER (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO

126b. How often was the margarine you ate light
or low-fat (stick or tub)?

QUESTION 126)

Less than 1 time per month
1-3 times per month
1 time per week
2-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

per day

125a. Each time sugar or honey was added to
foods you ate, how much was usually
added?

126c. How often was the margarine you ate fat-free?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Less than 1 teaspoon
1 to 3 teaspoons
More than 3 teaspoons

127. Over the past 3 months, did you eat butter?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 128)
YES
127a. How often was the butter you ate light or
low-fat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Introduction to question 126 appears in the next column.

Question 128 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...

129b. How often was the sour cream you ate
light, low-fat, or fat-free?

128. Over the past 3 months, did you eat mayonnaise
or mayonnaise-type dressing?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NO (GO TO QUESTION 129)
YES
128a. How often was the mayonnaise you ate
regular-fat?

130. Over the past 3 months, did you eat cream
cheese?
NO (GO TO QUESTION 131)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

YES
130a. How often was the cream cheese you ate
regular-fat?

128b. How often was the mayonnaise you ate
light or low-fat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

130b. How often was the cream cheese you ate
light, low-fat, or fat-free?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

128c. How often was the mayonnaise you ate
fat-free?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

131. Over the past 3 months, did you eat salad
dressing?
NO (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 132)
YES

129. Over the past 3 months, did you eat sour cream?

131a. How often was the salad dressing you ate
regular-fat (including oil and vinegar
dressing)?

NO (GO TO QUESTION 130)
YES
129a. How often was the sour cream you ate
regular-fat?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

131b. How often was the salad dressing you ate
light or low-fat?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Question 130 appears in the next column.

Introduction to question 132 appears on the next page.

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131c. How often was the salad dressing you ate
fat-free?

134b. How often was the fish you ate salmon,
herring, trout, halibut, or sardines?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

134c. How often was the fish you ate swordfish,
shark, tilefish, or king mackerel?

The following two questions ask you to summarize your
usual intake of vegetables and fruits. (Please do not
include salads, potatoes, or juices.)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

132. Over the past 3 months, how many servings of
vegetables (not including salad, potatoes or juice)
did you eat per week or per day?
Less than 1 per week
1-2 per week
3-4 per week
5-6 per week
1 per day

2
3
4
5

134d. Over the past 3 months, did you eat any of the
following types of fish or shellfish? (Mark all
that apply.)

per day
per day
per day
or more per day

Refrigerated, smoked seafood, such as lox or
Nova-style salmon
Kippered or salted and dried fish
Refrigerated, pickled fish or fish packed in salt
brine, vinegar or sour cream
Fish jerky
Caviar, shad or cod roe
Seal or whale
Sushi with fish
Anchovies
None

133. Over the past 3 months, how many servings of
fruit (not including juices) did you eat per week or
per day?
Less than 1 per week
1-2 per week
3-4 per week
5-6 per week
1 per day

2
3
4
5

per day
per day
per day
or more per day

134e. Thinking about all the fish and seafood you
ate over the past 3 months, how often was
the fish and shellfish you ate caught in local
waters by you, your family, or friends?

The following question asks you to summarize your usual
intake of seafood, including fish and shellfish. (Please
include canned tuna or tuna in foil pouches.)
134. Over the past 3 months, how many servings of
seafood, including fish and shellfish (including
canned tuna or tuna in foil pouches) did you eat
per week or per day?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NONE (GO TO INTRODUCTION TO QUESTION 135)
Less than 1 per week
1-2 per week
3-4 per week

5-6 per week
1 per day
2 or more per day

134a. How often was the fish you ate tuna steaks or
other fresh tuna?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

The following questions ask you to describe your usual
intake of vegetable juices, fruit juices, and fruit drinks
over the past 3 months.
135. How often were the fruit juices and fruit drinks that
you drank calcium-fortified? (Please include
orange juice, grapefruit juice, other fruit juices,
fruit juice mixtures, and fruit drinks.)
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Don't know

Introduction to question 135 appears in the next column.

Question 136 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...

140. For ALL of the past 3 months, have you followed
any type of vegetarian diet?

136. How often were the fruit juices and fruit drinks that
you drank fortified with Vitamin D? (Please
include orange juice, grapefruit juice, other fruit
juices, fruit juice mixtures, and fruit drinks.)

NO (GO TO QUESTION 141)
YES
140a. Which of the following foods did you
TOTALLY EXCLUDE from your diet?
(Mark all that apply.)

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
Don't know
137. How often were the deli-style hams, cold cuts or
luncheon meats you ate eaten straight from the
package or wrapper, that is, without heating
or cooking?

Meat (beef, pork, lamb, etc.)
Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)
Fish and seafood
Eggs
Dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.)
141. For ALL of the past 3 months, did you regularly
eat any organic foods?

Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NO (GO TO QUESTION 142)
YES
141a. What kinds of organic foods did you
regularly eat? (Mark all that apply.)

138. How often were the hot dogs or frankfurters you
ate eaten straight from the package or
wrapper, that is, without heating or cooking?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

Fruits
Vegetables
Milk
Chicken
Beef

142. Over the past 3 months, how often did you drink
more than a sip of water?

139. Over the past 3 months, which of the following
foods did you eat AT LEAST THREE TIMES?
(Mark all that apply.)
Avocado, guacamole
Buttermilk or Kefir
Cheesecake
Chocolate, fudge, or
butterscotch toppings
or syrups
Chow mein noodles
Croissants
Dried apricots
Egg rolls
Granola bars
Hot peppers
Jello, gelatin
Milkshakes or
ice-cream sodas
Miso soup, paste, or
sauce

Pork
Cheese
Yogurt
Other foods

NEVER (GO TO QUESTION 143)
Less than 1 time per month
2-3 times per month
1-2 times per week
3-4 times per week
5-6 times per week

Olives
Oysters
Pickles or pickled
vegetables or fruit
Plantains
Pork neckbones, hock,
head, feet
Pudding or custard
Sauerkraut
Tempeh
Veal, venison, lamb
Duck or pheasant
Whipped cream, regular
Whipped cream,
substitute

1 time per day
2-3 times per day
4-5 times per day
6 or more times
per day

142a. Each time you drank more than a sip of
water, how much did you usually drink?
Less than ¾ cup (6 ounces)
¾ to 1¼ cups (6 to 10 ounces)
More than 1¼ cups (10 ounces)
142b. How often was your water bottled water?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always

NONE

Question 140 appears in the next column.

Question 143 appears on the next page.

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Over the past 3 months...
142c. How often was your water filtered water?
Almost never or never
About ¼ of the time
About ½ of the time
About ¾ of the time
Almost always or always
143. Over the past 3 months, during a regular day,
how many meals did you usually eat?
1
2
3
4
5+
144. Over the past 3 months, during a regular day,
how many snacks did you usually eat?
0
1
2
3
4
5+

145. What is today's date?

mm

dd

yyyy

Thank you very much for completing this
questionnaire! All of your answers are very
important. Please help us by looking at each
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