Attachment C - News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 20, 2012

USDL-12-0493

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS —2011
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time
since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—was 12.1 percent in 2011, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans was 8.3 percent.
Twenty-six percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported having a service-connected disability in
August 2011, compared with about 14 percent of all veterans.
This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of
about 60,000 households that provides information on employment and unemployment in the United
States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; those monthly data are the source of the
2011 annual averages presented in this release. In August 2011, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability. Information from
the supplement is also presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms
used in this release.
Highlights from the 2011 data:


The unemployment rate of veterans in 2011 (8.3 percent) was not statistically different from the
rate in 2010 (8.7 percent). The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans also was little different from a
year earlier. (See table A.)



Young male veterans (those ages 18 to 24) who served during Gulf War era II had an
unemployment rate of 29.1 percent in 2011, higher than that of young male nonveterans (17.6
percent). (See table 2B.)



Among all veterans, those with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 8.5
percent in August 2011, about the same as the rate for veterans with no disability (7.9 percent).
(See table 6.)



One in three employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector
in August 2011, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 7.)



Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard
had an unemployment rate of 9.1 percent in August 2011, little different than the rate for those
veterans who had not been members (11.0 percent). (See table 8.)



Gulf War-era II veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both had an unemployment rate of
11.6 percent in August 2011. (See table 9.)

The Veteran Population
In 2011, 21.6 million men and women in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 18 and over were
veterans. (See table 1.) In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time of the survey.
Veterans are more likely to be men and older than nonveterans. In part, this reflects the characteristics of
veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Veterans who served
during these wartime periods account for about one-half (10.4 million) of the total veteran population. A
total of 5.3 million veterans served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War
era II (September 2001 forward). Another 5.9 million served outside these designated wartime periods.
Because age and other demographic differences affect labor force status, the next sections focus on
veterans by period of service.
Gulf War-era II Veterans
In 2011, about 2.4 million of the nation's veterans had served during Gulf War era II. About 17 percent
of these veterans were women, compared with 3 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean
War, and the Vietnam era. About half of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and
34. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was 12.0 percent in 2011, little
different from the rate for women (12.4 percent). (See table 1.)
The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans age 18 to 24, at 29.1 percent, was higher than
that for nonveterans of the same age group (17.6 percent). The rate for male veterans age 25 to 34 also
was higher than the rate for their nonveteran counterparts (13.4 and 9.5 percent, respectively). For those
age 35 and over, the unemployment rates of male veterans and nonveterans generally were little
different. (See table 2B.)
Veterans of Gulf War era II and nonveterans had similar occupational profiles in 2011 after accounting
for gender. About one-third of the employed men in both groups worked in management and
professional occupations, a higher proportion than in any other major occupational group. Among
employed women, about 49 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans and 41 percent of nonveterans worked
in management and professional occupations. (See table 4.)
Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2011 as were
nonveterans—27 percent and 14 percent, respectively. About 14 percent of employed veterans of the era
worked for the federal government, compared with about 2 percent of employed nonveterans.
(See table 5.)

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In August 2011, approximately 38 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported that they had served in
Iraq, Afghanistan, or both. (Some veterans did not report their location of service.) These veterans had
an unemployment rate of 11.6 percent, not statistically different from Gulf War-era II veterans who
served elsewhere (8.6 percent). (See table 9.)
Gulf War-era I Veterans
For the 2.9 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the
proportion that were women (16 percent in 2011) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans. About
87 percent of the era's veterans were age 35 and over, compared with 36 percent of Gulf War-era II
veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
The labor force participation rate of male veterans from Gulf War era I was 85.7 percent in 2011, little
different than the rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans (83.5 percent). The unemployment rate for male
Gulf War-era I veterans (7.1 percent) was lower than the rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (12.0
percent). This difference in the unemployment rate reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of
veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I veterans were not
statistically different from those of nonveterans of the same gender and age group.
Veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Era
In 2011, about 10.4 million veterans responded that they had served during World War II, the Korean
War, or the Vietnam era. Nearly all of these veterans were at least 55 years old, and more than half were
at least 65 years old. Nearly all (97 percent) of these veterans were men. In 2011, just over one-third of
male veterans of these wartime periods were in the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 7.6
percent. Male veterans of these wartime periods had lower labor force participation rates compared with
male nonveterans in the same age categories. (See tables 1 and 2B.)
Veterans of Other Service Periods
In 2011, about 5.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly
between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I.
Because these veterans served between the major wartime periods, which span several decades, this
group is concentrated in two age ranges. About 43 percent of these veterans were 45 to 54 years old, and
another 38 percent were 65 years and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Nine in 10 veterans of other service periods were men. Among most age groups, male veterans of
service periods between the designated wartime periods had labor force participation rates and
unemployment rates that were not statistically different than those of male nonveterans.
Veterans with a Service-connected Disability
In August 2011, about 3.0 million veterans, or 14 percent of the total, reported having a serviceconnected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-connected disability.)
Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments
of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 6.)

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Among veterans with a service-connected disability, about 4 in 10 reported a disability rating of less
than 30 percent, while about 3 in 10 had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2011, 60.3 percent
of veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were in the labor force,
compared with 26.6 percent for those with a rating of 60 percent or higher.
Among veterans who served in Gulf War-era II, about 1 in 4 (633,000) reported having a serviceconnected disability. Of these, 80.0 percent were in the labor force in August 2011, compared with 83.7
percent of veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II
veterans, the unemployment rate of those with a disability was 12.1 percent, not statistically different
from those with no disability (9.5 percent).
In August 2011, 19.5 percent (586,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (69.6 percent) was lower than the rate for
veterans from the era who did not have a disability (88.2 percent). Unemployment rates for Gulf Warera I veterans with and without service-connected disabilities were little different (7.1 and 6.9 percent,
respectively).
Among the 1.2 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War,
and the Vietnam era, 20.9 percent were in the labor force in August 2011, compared with 35.5 percent of
veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of
veterans with a disability from these wartime periods was 3.1 percent, below the rate for their
counterparts with no disability (8.2 percent).
Veterans with a service-connected disability from other service periods had a labor force participation
rate of 53.1 percent in August 2011, compared with 56.8 percent for veterans with no disability from
these periods. Among veterans from other service periods, the unemployment rates of veterans with and
without service-connected disabilities were not statistically different—9.4 and 7.5 percent, respectively.
Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public
sector. In August 2011, 34 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or
local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 14 percent of
nonveterans. About 18 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal
government, compared with 6 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans.
(See table 7.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
About 30 percent of both Gulf War-era I and Gulf War-era II veterans were reported to be current or
past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 9.1 percent in
August 2011, little different from those who had never been members (11.0 percent). Gulf War-era II
veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had a higher labor force
participation rate than those who had never been members. For veterans of Gulf War-era I, labor force
participation rates as well as unemployment rates were similar for members and nonmembers.
(See table 8.)

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Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,
period of service, and sex, 2010-2011 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service

2010
Total

Men

2011
Women

Total

Men

Women

TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,011
11,758
53.4
10,738
48.8
1,020
8.7
10,253

20,225
10,650
52.7
9,717
48.0
933
8.8
9,575

1,786
1,108
62.1
1,021
57.2
87
7.9
678

21,613
11,320
52.4
10,375
48.0
945
8.3
10,293

19,812
10,204
51.5
9,360
47.2
844
8.3
9,608

1,801
1,116
62.0
1,015
56.3
101
9.1
685

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,169
1,783
82.2
1,577
72.7
205
11.5
386

1,800
1,523
84.6
1,348
74.9
174
11.4
278

369
260
70.6
229
62.2
31
12.0
108

2,387
1,937
81.2
1,704
71.4
234
12.1
450

1,982
1,656
83.5
1,457
73.5
199
12.0
327

405
281
69.5
246
60.9
35
12.4
123

NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

206,875
140,130
67.7
126,908
61.3
13,222
9.4
66,745

90,409
70,345
77.8
62,967
69.6
7,378
10.5
20,064

116,466
69,785
59.9
63,941
54.9
5,844
8.4
46,681

209,278
140,424
67.1
128,140
61.2
12,284
8.7
68,854

92,019
70,854
77.0
64,280
69.9
6,573
9.3
21,166

117,259
69,570
59.3
63,859
54.5
5,710
8.2
47,689

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.

Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through the
Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly
survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics—obtains information on employment and
unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.
Most of the data in this release are annual averages for
2011, compiled from the results of the monthly survey.
Some of the data, such as those related to service-connected
disability and Reserve or National Guard status, are from
special questions asked as part of the latest veterans
supplement to the CPS, which was conducted in August
2011. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department
of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service.
Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older
regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data
are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this release are
as follows:
Veterans are men and women who previously served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were
civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the
Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they
had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on
active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of
the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are
persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes
and prisons.
Nonveterans are men and women who never served on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf
War-era veterans are men and women who served in the
Armed Forces during these periods, regardless of where
they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime
period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and women
who served in the Armed Forces at any time other than
World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf
War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in
several armed conflicts during other service periods, these
conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller
proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime
periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected
wartime periods and during another period are classified in
the wartime period.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the
question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces?"
Period of service is obtained from answers to the
question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active
duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service
periods are identified:
Gulf War era II — September 2001-present
Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era
— August 1964-April 1975
Korean War — July 1950-January 1955
World War II — December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods — All other time periods
Period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program
needs of the survey sponsors.
Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are
individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March
2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in
both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined
by answers to two questions, "Did you serve in Iraq, off the
coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time
since March 2003?" and, "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since
October 2001?"
Presence of service-connected disability is determined
by answers to the question, "Has the Department of
Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD)
determined that you have a service-connected disability,
that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made
worse by any of your military service?"
Service-connected disability rating is based on
answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings
are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule
published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38,
"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—
"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is
"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting
from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a
result of or incident to military service. The percentage
ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the
average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such
diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil
occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of
possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100
percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from
answers to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were
asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a callup from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was
no, they were asked, "Have you ever been a member of the
Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either
question classified persons as "Current or past member of
the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter
question classified persons as "Never a member of the
Reserve or National Guard." These questions were asked
only of Gulf War-era veterans.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather
than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates will differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or
sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or
level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses
are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of
confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the
CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the
explanatory note for the household survey available online
at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

230,891
21,613
5,323
2,387
2,936
10,436
5,853
209,278

151,743
11,320
4,397
1,937
2,460
3,549
3,374
140,424

65.7
52.4
82.6
81.2
83.8
34.0
57.6
67.1

138,515
10,375
3,992
1,704
2,289
3,280
3,102
128,140

60.0
48.0
75.0
71.4
78.0
31.4
53.0
61.2

13,229
945
405
234
172
269
271
12,284

8.7
8.3
9.2
12.1
7.0
7.6
8.0
8.7

79,147
10,293
925
450
476
6,887
2,480
68,854

Men
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

111,831
19,812
4,457
1,982
2,475
10,106
5,248
92,019

81,058
10,204
3,777
1,656
2,121
3,441
2,986
70,854

72.5
51.5
84.7
83.5
85.7
34.0
56.9
77.0

73,641
9,360
3,428
1,457
1,971
3,181
2,751
64,280

65.8
47.2
76.9
73.5
79.6
31.5
52.4
69.9

7,417
844
349
199
150
260
235
6,573

9.2
8.3
9.2
12.0
7.1
7.6
7.9
9.3

30,773
9,608
680
327
353
6,665
2,262
21,166

Women
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

119,060
1,801
865
405
461
330
605
117,259

70,685
1,116
620
281
339
108
388
69,570

59.4
62.0
71.7
69.5
73.5
32.7
64.1
59.3

64,874
1,015
564
246
318
99
351
63,859

54.5
56.3
65.2
60.9
68.9
30.1
58.1
54.5

5,811
101
56
35
21
9
36
5,710

8.2
9.1
9.1
12.4
6.3
7.9
9.4
8.2

48,374
685
245
123
122
222
217
47,689

White
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

186,403
18,463
4,176
1,865
2,310
9,365
4,923
167,941

122,998
9,449
3,498
1,531
1,967
3,176
2,775
113,550

66.0
51.2
83.8
82.1
85.1
33.9
56.4
67.6

113,501
8,709
3,199
1,357
1,842
2,941
2,568
104,792

60.9
47.2
76.6
72.7
79.7
31.4
52.2
62.4

9,497
740
299
174
125
235
207
8,757

7.7
7.8
8.5
11.4
6.3
7.4
7.4
7.7

63,405
9,014
678
335
343
6,189
2,147
54,391

Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

27,799
2,349
855
394
462
782
712
25,450

17,732
1,389
676
316
360
254
459
16,343

63.8
59.1
79.0
80.1
78.0
32.5
64.5
64.2

14,988
1,233
595
271
325
229
409
13,755

53.9
52.5
69.6
68.7
70.3
29.3
57.5
54.0

2,743
156
81
45
35
25
50
2,588

15.5
11.2
11.9
14.3
9.8
9.9
10.9
15.8

10,068
960
180
78
101
528
253
9,107

Asian
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,066
262
94
47
47

7,303
154
75
35
40

66.0
58.9
80.2
75.4
85.1

6,796
147
72
33
39

61.4
56.1
76.3
70.0
82.6

507
7
4
3
1

6.9
4.8
4.9
7.1
3.0

3,763
108
19
12
7

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

111
57
10,804

40
39
7,149

35.8
68.8
66.2

39
36
6,650

35.0
63.9
61.5

1
3
499

2.1
7.2
7.0

72
18
3,656

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II..................................... .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans............................................. .

32,570
1,259
547
287
260
384
328
31,311

22,572
847
464
239
224
148
235
21,725

69.3
67.2
84.7
83.4
86.2
38.6
71.6
69.4

20,048
764
406
199
207
138
219
19,284

61.6
60.6
74.2
69.3
79.7
36.0
66.8
61.6

2,524
83
57
41
17
10
16
2,441

11.2
9.8
12.4
17.0
7.5
6.6
6.7
11.2

9,999
413
84
48
36
236
93
9,586

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans
who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black
or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race.

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

21,613
299
1,590
2,364
3,636
5,084
8,640

11,320
213
1,318
2,090
2,989
2,976
1,733

52.4
71.4
82.9
88.4
82.2
58.5
20.1

10,375
149
1,160
1,940
2,761
2,747
1,618

48.0
49.8
73.0
82.1
75.9
54.0
18.7

945
64
158
150
228
229
115

8.3
30.2
12.0
7.2
7.6
7.7
6.7

10,293
85
272
274
647
2,108
6,907

5,323
299
1,590
1,874
1,025
436
99

4,397
213
1,318
1,665
871
298
33

82.6
71.4
82.9
88.8
85.0
68.3
33.1

3,992
149
1,160
1,546
826
281
30

75.0
49.8
73.0
82.5
80.5
64.4
30.7

405
64
158
119
45
17
2

9.2
30.2
12.0
7.1
5.2
5.7
–

925
85
272
209
154
138
66

2,387
299
1,218
412
339
103
16

1,937
213
1,000
358
287
71
7

81.2
71.4
82.1
86.9
84.6
69.3
–

1,704
149
870
337
275
66
7

71.4
49.8
71.4
81.7
81.2
63.9
–

234
64
130
22
12
6
0

12.1
30.2
13.0
6.0
4.1
7.8
–

450
85
218
54
52
32
8

2,936
372
1,462
686
333
83

2,460
318
1,306
584
226
25

83.8
85.6
89.4
85.1
68.0
30.5

2,289
290
1,209
551
215
24

78.0
78.1
82.7
80.2
64.6
28.3

172
28
97
33
11
2

7.0
8.7
7.4
5.7
5.0
–

476
54
155
102
106
58

10,436
86
4,032
6,319

3,549
60
2,258
1,231

34.0
70.2
56.0
19.5

3,280
54
2,077
1,149

31.4
62.3
51.5
18.2

269
7
180
81

7.6
11.3
8.0
6.6

6,887
26
1,774
5,088

5,853
490
2,525
616
2,222

3,374
426
2,058
420
470

57.6
86.9
81.5
68.2
21.1

3,102
395
1,882
388
438

53.0
80.5
74.5
63.0
19.7

271
31
176
32
32

8.0
7.3
8.6
7.6
6.7

2,480
64
467
196
1,753

209,278
29,172
39,774
37,135
40,209
31,905
31,084

140,424
18,910
32,406
30,569
32,373
20,791
5,374

67.1
64.8
81.5
82.3
80.5
65.2
17.3

128,140
15,859
29,377
28,330
30,106
19,439
5,029

61.2
54.4
73.9
76.3
74.9
60.9
16.2

12,284
3,051
3,030
2,239
2,267
1,352
345

8.7
16.1
9.3
7.3
7.0
6.5
6.4

68,854
10,262
7,367
6,565
7,836
11,114
25,710

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf
War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other
service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime
period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no
data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

19,812
250
1,322
1,985
3,146
4,749
8,360

10,204
179
1,136
1,786
2,621
2,786
1,697

51.5
71.6
86.0
89.9
83.3
58.7
20.3

9,360
127
996
1,661
2,424
2,569
1,583

47.2
50.8
75.3
83.7
77.1
54.1
18.9

844
52
141
125
196
217
113

8.3
29.1
12.4
7.0
7.5
7.8
6.7

9,608
71
186
200
525
1,963
6,663

4,457
250
1,322
1,568
872
356
89

3,777
179
1,136
1,416
761
255
30

84.7
71.6
86.0
90.3
87.2
71.6
34.2

3,428
127
996
1,315
722
239
28

76.9
50.8
75.3
83.9
82.8
67.2
31.7

349
52
141
100
38
15
2

9.2
29.1
12.4
7.1
5.0
6.0
–

680
71
186
152
112
101
59

1,982
250
1,012
329
290
85
15

1,656
179
864
290
254
62
7

83.5
71.6
85.3
88.1
87.6
72.3
–

1,457
127
748
273
245
57
6

73.5
50.8
73.9
82.7
84.6
67.0
–

199
52
115
18
9
5
0

12.0
29.1
13.4
6.1
3.4
7.4
–

327
71
148
39
36
24
8

2,475
310
1,238
582
271
74

2,121
273
1,126
507
193
23

85.7
88.0
90.9
87.0
71.3
31.8

1,971
247
1,043
477
182
22

79.6
79.8
84.2
81.9
67.3
29.4

150
25
83
30
11
2

7.1
9.3
7.4
5.9
5.6
–

353
37
113
76
78
50

10,106
83
3,877
6,146

3,441
57
2,171
1,213

34.0
69.5
56.0
19.7

3,181
51
1,997
1,133

31.5
61.2
51.5
18.4

260
7
173
80

7.6
11.9
8.0
6.6

6,665
25
1,707
4,933

5,248
417
2,191
515
2,125

2,986
370
1,802
360
453

56.9
88.6
82.3
70.0
21.3

2,751
346
1,651
332
422

52.4
82.8
75.4
64.5
19.9

235
24
151
29
31

7.9
6.5
8.4
7.9
6.9

2,262
48
388
155
1,672

92,019
14,689
19,388
17,461
18,308
13,064
9,109

70,854
9,900
17,333
15,900
15,865
9,567
2,289

77.0
67.4
89.4
91.1
86.7
73.2
25.1

64,280
8,158
15,678
14,709
14,689
8,900
2,147

69.9
55.5
80.9
84.2
80.2
68.1
23.6

6,573
1,742
1,654
1,191
1,176
667
143

9.3
17.6
9.5
7.5
7.4
7.0
6.2

21,166
4,789
2,056
1,560
2,443
3,497
6,820

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf
War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other
service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime
period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no
data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2011
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

1,801
49
268
379
490
335
280

1,116
35
182
305
369
190
37

62.0
70.4
67.8
80.5
75.2
56.6
13.1

1,015
22
165
279
337
178
35

56.3
45.0
61.5
73.7
68.7
53.0
12.3

101
12
17
26
32
12
2

9.1
36.1
9.2
8.4
8.7
6.4
5.7

685
15
86
74
122
146
243

865
49
268
306
153
80
10

620
35
182
249
110
43
2

71.7
70.4
67.8
81.2
72.1
53.9
–

564
22
165
230
103
41
2

65.2
45.0
61.5
75.2
67.6
51.9
–

56
12
17
18
7
2
0

9.1
36.1
9.2
7.4
6.2
3.6
–

245
15
86
57
43
37
8

405
49
206
83
49
18
0

281
35
136
68
33
10
0

69.5
70.4
66.1
82.2
66.9
–
–

246
22
122
64
30
9
0

60.9
45.0
59.0
77.4
60.6
–
–

35
12
14
4
3
1
0

12.4
36.1
10.6
5.9
–
–
–

123
15
70
15
16
8
0

461
62
223
104
62
10

339
45
181
77
33
2

73.5
73.5
80.9
74.5
53.6
–

318
43
166
74
33
2

68.9
69.7
74.4
70.9
52.8
–

21
2
14
4
1
0

6.3
5.1
8.0
4.9
–
–

122
16
43
26
29
8

330
3
154
173

108
3
87
18

32.7
–
56.3
10.5

99
3
80
17

30.1
–
51.8
9.6

9
0
7
2

7.9
–
8.0
–

222
0
67
155

605
73
334
101
97

388
56
255
60
16

64.1
77.2
76.5
59.2
16.7

351
49
230
56
16

58.1
67.4
69.0
55.7
16.3

36
7
25
4
0

9.4
12.7
9.9
5.9
–

217
17
78
41
81

117,259
14,483
20,385
19,674
21,901
18,841
21,975

69,570
9,010
15,074
14,669
16,508
11,224
3,085

59.3
62.2
73.9
74.6
75.4
59.6
14.0

63,859
7,701
13,699
13,621
15,417
10,539
2,883

54.5
53.2
67.2
69.2
70.4
55.9
13.1

5,710
1,309
1,375
1,047
1,091
685
202

8.2
14.5
9.1
7.1
6.6
6.1
6.6

47,689
5,473
5,311
5,005
5,393
7,617
18,890

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf
War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other
service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime
period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no
data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational
attainment, 2011 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

21,314
1,376
6,853
7,288
5,797

11,106
287
3,292
4,188
3,340

52.1
20.8
48.0
57.5
57.6

10,226
250
2,988
3,821
3,167

48.0
18.2
43.6
52.4
54.6

880
36
304
367
173

7.9
12.7
9.2
8.8
5.2

10,207
1,090
3,561
3,100
2,456

5,024
61
1,329
2,142
1,492

4,184
41
1,100
1,754
1,289

83.3
67.2
82.8
81.9
86.4

3,843
35
989
1,593
1,226

76.5
57.7
74.4
74.3
82.2

341
6
111
161
63

8.1
14.2
10.1
9.2
4.9

840
20
229
389
202

2,088
24
525
935
605

1,724
16
430
739
538

82.5
–
82.0
79.0
89.0

1,555
15
377
658
505

74.4
–
71.8
70.4
83.5

169
1
54
81
33

9.8
–
12.5
11.0
6.1

365
8
94
196
67

2,936
37
805
1,208
887

2,460
24
670
1,015
751

83.8
66.4
83.2
84.0
84.7

2,289
20
613
935
721

78.0
54.7
76.1
77.4
81.3

172
4
57
80
30

7.0
–
8.5
7.8
4.1

476
12
135
193
136

10,436
935
3,430
3,171
2,901

3,549
132
1,035
1,194
1,189

34.0
14.1
30.2
37.7
41.0

3,280
119
946
1,094
1,122

31.4
12.8
27.6
34.5
38.7

269
12
89
100
67

7.6
9.2
8.6
8.4
5.6

6,887
803
2,395
1,977
1,712

5,853
381
2,094
1,975
1,404

3,374
114
1,157
1,240
862

57.6
30.0
55.3
62.8
61.4

3,102
96
1,053
1,134
819

53.0
25.1
50.3
57.4
58.3

271
18
104
106
43

8.0
16.1
9.0
8.5
5.0

2,480
266
937
735
542

180,106
23,651
55,035
45,995
55,426

121,513
11,218
34,040
32,810
43,446

67.5
47.4
61.9
71.3
78.4

112,281
9,637
30,826
30,223
41,595

62.3
40.7
56.0
65.7
75.0

9,233
1,581
3,214
2,587
1,850

7.6
14.1
9.4
7.9
4.3

58,593
12,433
20,994
13,185
11,981

Total

Percent
of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans
who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet
publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2011
annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
WW II,
Korean
War, and
Gulf War Gulf War Vietnam
era II
era I
era

Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands).................................................... .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed...................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations....................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................... .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................. .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................... .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed...................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations....................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................... .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................. .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................... .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed...................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations....................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................... .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................. .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

10,375

3,992

1,704

2,289

3,280

3,102

128,140

100.0
37.6
18.1
19.5
14.5
16.9
8.8
8.2
14.0
0.4
6.0
7.7
16.9
7.3
9.7

100.0
37.6
16.6
21.0
17.2
16.7
7.5
9.2
14.3
0.3
5.6
8.4
14.2
7.0
7.2

100.0
35.1
14.8
20.2
19.0
16.9
7.4
9.5
16.1
0.3
6.2
9.6
13.0
6.2
6.8

100.0
39.4
17.9
21.5
15.8
16.5
7.6
8.9
13.0
0.3
5.2
7.5
15.2
7.6
7.6

100.0
40.3
21.6
18.8
11.6
17.2
10.9
6.3
12.8
0.5
5.7
6.5
18.1
6.8
11.4

100.0
34.6
16.4
18.2
14.2
17.0
8.2
8.9
15.0
0.3
6.7
8.0
19.2
8.2
11.0

100.0
37.9
15.4
22.5
17.7
24.1
11.0
13.1
9.0
0.7
5.0
3.2
11.4
5.8
5.6

9,360

3,428

1,457

1,971

3,181

2,751

64,280

100.0
36.4
18.2
18.2
14.5
15.6
9.0
6.6
15.4
0.4
6.6
8.4
18.2
7.7
10.4

100.0
35.9
16.5
19.4
17.3
14.7
7.6
7.0
16.4
0.3
6.4
9.6
15.8
7.6
8.1

100.0
32.8
14.4
18.4
19.7
15.1
7.5
7.6
18.3
0.3
7.0
11.0
14.0
6.7
7.4

100.0
38.2
18.1
20.1
15.5
14.3
7.7
6.6
14.9
0.3
6.1
8.6
17.0
8.4
8.6

100.0
40.1
21.8
18.3
11.7
16.7
11.0
5.7
13.1
0.5
5.9
6.6
18.5
6.9
11.6

100.0
32.9
16.1
16.8
14.1
15.4
8.3
7.1
16.8
0.3
7.5
8.9
20.8
8.8
12.0

100.0
34.3
16.4
17.9
14.5
16.8
10.5
6.3
17.0
1.1
9.8
6.1
17.3
7.9
9.4

1,015

564

246

318

99

351

63,859

100.0
48.0
17.4
30.6
15.1
29.7
7.0
22.7
1.6
0.3
0.6
0.7
5.7

100.0
47.8
17.1
30.7
16.4
28.9
6.7
22.2
1.9
0.3
0.7
0.8
5.1

100.0
48.5
17.5
31.0
14.7
27.3
6.4
20.9
2.8
0.4
1.7
0.7
6.8

100.0
47.3
16.8
30.4
17.7
30.1
6.9
23.2
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.8
3.8

100.0
49.7
15.0
34.7
9.0
32.4
9.2
23.2
1.9
0.5
0.2
1.1
7.1

100.0
48.0
18.6
29.4
14.6
30.2
6.9
23.2
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.4
6.3

100.0
41.4
14.3
27.1
20.9
31.4
11.4
19.9
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.3
5.4

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2011
annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
WW II,
Korean
War, and
Gulf War Gulf War Vietnam
era II
era I
era

Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1
2.6

3.0
2.1

3.4
3.4

2.8
1.0

2.5
4.6

Other
service
periods
3.4
2.9

Nonveterans

3.6
1.9

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans
who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system
is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with
earlier years.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2011 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Private industries.. . . . . .................................. .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..... .
Construction........................................... .
Manufacturing... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.............................................. .
Federal................................................. .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Private industries.. . . . . .................................. .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..... .
Construction........................................... .
Manufacturing... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.............................................. .
Federal................................................. .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Gulf War
era II

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

10,375

3,992

1,704

2,289

3,280

3,102

128,140

100.0
2.0
0.7
1.3
98.0
91.1
69.5
0.9
5.2
13.0
2.8
8.2
7.1
2.4
4.6
10.1
8.2
4.0
3.1
21.7
8.9
5.0
7.8
6.8

100.0
0.7
0.4
0.3
99.3
96.3
69.9
1.1
4.9
12.2
2.3
7.1
6.1
3.0
4.5
12.0
9.1
4.5
3.1
26.5
12.4
5.7
8.4
2.9

100.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
99.2
97.0
69.8
1.2
4.8
10.5
1.6
8.6
5.7
2.4
4.7
12.2
8.5
5.6
3.9
27.2
14.2
5.7
7.3
2.2

100.0
0.7
0.4
0.3
99.3
95.9
69.9
1.1
4.9
13.4
2.9
6.1
6.4
3.4
4.3
11.8
9.6
3.7
2.5
25.9
11.1
5.8
9.1
3.4

100.0
3.7
1.1
2.6
96.3
84.8
67.7
0.9
4.4
12.8
3.4
9.2
7.0
2.0
5.1
8.9
7.4
3.3
3.3
17.1
5.9
4.4
6.8
11.4

100.0
1.8
0.7
1.1
98.2
91.1
70.8
0.6
6.4
14.2
2.7
8.4
8.4
2.2
4.2
8.9
7.9
4.0
3.0
20.3
7.6
4.7
7.9
7.1

100.0
1.5
1.0
0.6
98.5
92.3
78.0
0.5
5.0
9.8
2.6
10.8
3.7
2.0
6.3
9.6
15.2
8.3
4.2
14.3
2.1
4.5
7.7
6.1

9,360

3,428

1,457

1,971

3,181

2,751

64,280

100.0
2.1
0.8
1.4
97.9
90.6
69.8
1.0
5.6
13.6
2.9
8.2
7.6
2.5
4.4
10.2
6.6
3.9
3.2
20.8
8.5
4.8

100.0
0.8
0.4
0.3
99.2
96.3
70.1
1.3
5.5
13.1
2.5
7.2
6.7
3.2
4.1
12.2
6.9
4.4
3.0
26.2
12.3
5.7

100.0
0.9
0.5
0.4
99.1
96.9
69.4
1.4
5.3
11.1
1.7
8.6
6.4
2.5
4.2
12.8
6.1
5.6
3.7
27.5
14.3
6.0

100.0
0.7
0.4
0.3
99.3
96.0
70.7
1.2
5.7
14.5
3.1
6.2
7.0
3.7
3.9
11.9
7.5
3.5
2.5
25.2
10.8
5.5

100.0
3.7
1.1
2.7
96.3
84.6
68.0
0.9
4.5
13.0
3.5
9.2
7.2
2.1
5.1
9.1
6.8
3.3
3.4
16.6
5.7
4.3

100.0
2.0
0.8
1.2
98.0
90.3
71.4
0.6
6.9
15.0
2.8
8.3
9.1
2.2
4.1
8.9
6.1
4.1
3.2
18.9
7.0
4.4

100.0
2.2
1.5
0.8
97.8
90.7
79.7
0.9
9.0
13.5
3.6
10.6
5.6
2.3
5.2
10.7
6.6
7.9
3.8
11.0
2.0
3.3

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2011 annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total

Gulf War
era II

Total
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2 ............................... .
Private industries.. . . . . .................................. .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..... .
Construction........................................... .
Manufacturing... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.............................................. .
Federal................................................. .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

7.5
7.2

8.2
2.9

7.2
2.3

8.9
3.3

6.7
11.6

7.6
7.6

5.6
7.0

1,015

564

246

318

99

351

63,859

100.0
0.7
0.4
0.3
99.3
96.1
66.7
0.2
1.3
7.1
1.3
7.6
2.4
1.9
6.1
8.9
22.6
4.4
2.8
29.4
12.9
6.4
10.1
3.2

100.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
99.3
96.4
68.2
0.2
0.9
6.9
1.1
6.6
2.1
1.9
7.0
10.3
22.6
5.2
3.6
28.1
12.9
5.8
9.4
2.9

100.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
99.6
97.7
72.2
0.2
1.6
7.0
0.9
8.6
1.6
2.3
7.6
9.0
22.7
5.3
5.3
25.4
13.3
3.8
8.3
1.9

100.0
1.0
0.6
0.4
99.0
95.4
65.1
0.1
0.3
6.7
1.4
5.0
2.4
1.6
6.5
11.3
22.4
5.1
2.3
30.2
12.6
7.3
10.3
3.7

100.0
1.9
0.5
1.4
98.1
91.5
59.1
0.0
1.5
5.0
0.0
8.3
3.2
1.5
6.4
3.2
25.3
2.8
2.1
32.4
12.7
7.1
12.6
6.6

100.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
99.7
96.9
66.3
0.3
2.0
8.0
2.0
9.1
2.9
2.0
4.6
8.2
22.0
3.5
1.6
30.6
12.9
7.1
10.5
2.6

100.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
99.2
93.9
76.2
0.1
1.1
6.1
1.6
11.1
1.8
1.6
7.3
8.5
23.8
8.7
4.5
17.7
2.2
5.7
9.8
5.2

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
2 Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans
who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
VETERANS
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

21,562
2,952
1,146
689
864
253
15,004
3,606

11,374
1,432
691
395
230
117
7,869
2,072

52.7
48.5
60.3
57.3
26.6
46.2
52.4
57.5

10,497
1,310
638
355
212
106
7,246
1,941

48.7
44.4
55.6
51.5
24.6
41.8
48.3
53.8

877
122
53
40
18
11
623
132

7.7
8.5
7.7
10.1
7.7
9.6
7.9
6.3

10,188
1,520
455
295
634
136
7,134
1,534

5,399
1,219
459
300
353
106
3,207
973

4,445
914
392
257
185
80
2,767
763

82.3
75.0
85.4
85.7
52.2
75.4
86.3
78.4

4,071
824
355
224
171
74
2,547
699

75.4
67.6
77.4
74.7
48.3
69.6
79.4
71.8

374
90
37
33
14
6
220
64

8.4
9.8
9.3
12.9
7.5
7.7
8.0
8.4

954
305
67
43
169
26
439
210

2,394
633
225
170
166
71
1,368
393

1,951
506
196
157
96
57
1,145
300

81.5
80.0
87.1
92.2
57.8
(1)
83.7
76.3

1,759
445
171
141
82
51
1,036
277

73.5
70.4
76.2
82.6
49.5
(1)
75.8
70.5

192
61
25
16
14
6
108
22

9.8
12.1
12.6
10.4
14.4
(1)
9.5
7.5

443
126
29
13
70
14
223
93

3,006
586
234
130
187
36
1,839
580

2,494
408
196
100
88
23
1,623
463

83.0
69.6
83.7
77.3
47.3
(1)
88.2
79.9

2,312
379
184
83
88
23
1,511
422

76.9
64.7
78.6
64.3
47.3
(1)
82.2
72.7

182
29
12
17
–
–
112
41

7.3
7.1
6.1
16.8
–
–
6.9
8.9

512
178
38
29
99
12
216
117

10,383
1,249
459
284
393
113
7,494
1,640

3,577
261
134
74
34
20
2,660
656

34.5
20.9
29.1
26.1
8.6
17.6
35.5
40.0

3,332
253
131
73
30
20
2,441
638

32.1
20.3
28.4
25.7
7.6
17.6
32.6
38.9

245
8
3
1
4
–
219
18

6.9
3.1
2.3
(1)
(1)
–
8.2
2.7

6,806
988
326
210
359
93
4,834
984

5,780
484
228
105
118
34
4,303
993

3,352
257
165
63
11
17
2,442
653

58.0
53.1
72.7
60.2
9.7
(1)
56.8
65.8

3,094
233
152
58
11
12
2,258
603

53.5
48.1
66.6
55.2
9.7
(1)
52.5
60.8

258
24
14
5
–
5
184
50

7.7
9.4
8.3
(1)
–
(1)
7.5
7.6

2,428
227
62
42
106
17
1,861
340

Gulf War era, total
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era II
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era I
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Other service periods
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

MEN
VETERANS
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

19,759
2,693
1,055
622
777
240
13,783
3,282

10,291
1,300
633
357
200
110
7,105
1,886

52.1
48.3
60.0
57.4
25.7
46.0
51.5
57.5

9,524
1,187
586
320
182
99
6,571
1,766

48.2
44.1
55.6
51.5
23.5
41.3
47.7
53.8

767
113
47
37
18
11
534
120

7.5
8.7
7.4
10.4
8.8
10.2
7.5
6.4

9,468
1,393
422
265
577
130
6,678
1,397

4,542
1,043
397
259
289
97
2,683
816

3,829
814
350
230
160
73
2,355
660

84.3
78.1
88.1
88.9
55.4
75.6
87.8
80.9

3,524
733
320
200
147
67
2,188
603

77.6
70.3
80.5
77.2
50.7
69.2
81.5
73.8

306
81
30
30
14
6
168
58

8.0
9.9
8.6
13.2
8.6
(1)
7.1
8.7

713
229
47
29
129
24
328
156

1,981
547
185
153
144
65
1,103
332

1,655
452
170
140
88
54
935
268

83.5
82.6
91.7
91.8
61.1
(1)
84.8
80.7

1,512
394
148
124
74
48
869
249

76.3
72.0
80.0
81.1
51.5
(1)
78.8
75.0

143
58
22
16
14
6
66
19

8.6
12.8
12.7
11.6
15.7
(1)
7.1
7.0

327
95
15
12
56
11
167
64

2,561
496
213
106
145
32
1,581
485

2,175
362
181
90
72
19
1,420
393

84.9
73.1
84.9
84.8
49.8
(1)
89.8
81.1

2,012
340
172
76
72
19
1,318
354

78.6
68.5
80.9
71.5
49.8
(1)
83.4
73.1

163
23
9
14
–
–
102
39

7.5
6.3
4.7
15.7
–
–
7.2
9.9

386
133
32
16
73
12
161
92

10,048
1,216
447
274
383
113
7,243
1,589

3,499
254
130
71
33
20
2,603
643

34.8
20.9
29.1
25.9
8.7
17.6
35.9
40.4

3,261
246
127
70
29
20
2,391
625

32.5
20.2
28.4
25.4
7.7
17.6
33.0
39.3

238
8
3
1
4
–
212
18

6.8
3.2
2.3
(1)
(1)
–
8.1
2.8

6,549
962
317
203
349
93
4,640
946

5,169
435
211
90
105
30
3,857
877

2,963
233
153
56
6
17
2,147
583

57.3
53.5
72.7
62.6
5.9
(1)
55.7
66.5

2,739
208
139
51
6
12
1,992
538

53.0
47.9
66.2
56.7
5.9
(1)
51.7
61.3

224
24
14
5
–
5
155
45

7.6
10.4
9.0
(1)
–
(1)
7.2
7.7

2,207
202
57
34
98
13
1,710
294

Gulf War era, total
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era II
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era I
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Other service periods
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

WOMEN
VETERANS
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Less than 30 percent disability rating ...................................
30 to 50 percent disability rating ...........................................
60 percent or higher disability rating .....................................
Disability rating not reported .................................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

1,803
259
91
67
87
14
1,221
324

1,083
132
58
37
30
7
764
186

60.1
51.1
63.5
(1)
34.3
(1)
62.6
57.6

974
123
51
35
30
7
676
175

54.0
47.5
56.4
(1)
34.3
(1)
55.4
54.1

109
9
6
3
–
–
89
11

10.1
7.0
(1)
(1)
–
–
11.6
6.1

720
127
33
29
57
7
456
137

857
176
524
157

615
100
412
103

71.8
56.7
78.7
65.5

547
91
360
97

63.8
51.5
68.7
61.5

68
9
53
6

11.1
9.2
12.7
6.1

242
76
111
54

412
86
265
62

296
54
209
32

71.9
63.5
79.0
(1)

247
51
167
29

59.9
59.9
63.1
(1)

49
3
42
4

16.6
(1)
20.2
(1)

116
31
56
29

445
91
259
95

319
46
203
70

71.7
50.3
78.4
73.9

300
40
193
68

67.5
43.6
74.5
71.1

19
6
10
3

5.9
(1)
5.0
(1)

126
45
56
25

336
33
251
51

78
8
57
13

23.3
(1)
22.8
(1)

71
8
50
13

21.1
(1)
19.9
(1)

7

–

9.3
–
(1)
–

257
25
194
38

610
49
446
116

389
24
295
70

63.8
(1)
66.2
60.8

356
24
266
65

58.3
(1)
59.7
56.5

34
–
29
5

8.7
–
9.8
(1)

221
25
151
45

Gulf War era, total
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era II
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
Gulf War era I
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

–
7

Other service periods
Total ......................................................................................
With service-connected disability .............................................
Without service-connected disability ........................................
Presence of disability not reported ...........................................

1 Rates not shown where the base is less than 75,000. Small estimated
levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are
subject to relatively large standard errors.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans
could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf
War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January
1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of

service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than
one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served
in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the
wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated
disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a
rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38."
More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash
represents or rounds to zero.

Table 7. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,
and class of worker, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries
Veteran status, presence of disability, and
period of service

Total
employed
(thousands)

Wage and salary workers 1
Total

Agriculture
and related
industries

Total

Federal

State
and
local

Selfemployed,
unicorporated,
and unpaid
family
workers

Government
Total

Private
sector

Veterans, total 2 ..........................................................
With service-connected disability ...........................
Without service-connected disability ......................

10,497
1,310
7,246

100.0
100.0
100.0

2.3
.8
2.8

97.7
99.2
97.2

69.7
59.5
71.3

21.0
33.6
19.0

8.3
18.4
6.3

12.7
15.2
12.7

7.1
6.1
6.9

Gulf War era, total 2 ................................................
With service-connected disability .......................
Without service-connected disability ..................

4,071
824
2,547

100.0
100.0
100.0

.7
–
.8

99.3
100.0
99.2

70.7
59.3
74.1

25.5
36.6
22.7

11.0
20.9
7.8

14.5
15.6
14.8

3.1
4.1
2.4

Gulf War era II 2 ..................................................
With service-connected disability ...................
Without service-connected disability ..............

1,759
445
1,036

100.0
100.0
100.0

.4
–
.6

99.6
100.0
99.4

70.4
61.0
74.1

26.2
35.3
22.9

13.0
20.9
9.8

13.2
14.4
13.1

3.1
3.7
2.4

Gulf War era I 2 ...................................................
With service-connected disability ...................
Without service-connected disability ..............

2,312
379
1,511

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.0
–
1.0

99.0
100.0
99.0

70.9
57.3
74.1

25.0
38.1
22.5

9.5
21.0
6.5

15.5
17.1
16.0

3.2
4.6
2.4

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2 ..................
With service-connected disability .......................
Without service-connected disability ..................

3,332
253
2,441

100.0
100.0
100.0

4.5
4.1
5.2

95.5
95.9
94.8

68.9
59.8
69.0

16.0
26.6
14.8

5.7
14.3
4.9

10.3
12.3
9.9

10.7
9.5
11.0

Other service periods 2 ...........................................
With service-connected disability .......................
Without service-connected disability ..................

3,094
233
2,258

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.9
–
2.4

98.1
100.0
97.6

69.4
60.1
70.5

20.4
30.5
19.5

7.5
13.7
6.1

12.9
16.8
13.4

8.3
9.4
7.5

Nonveterans ............................................................... 128,265

100.0

1.7

98.3

78.4

13.7

2.1

11.6

6.2

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans
could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf
War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and
other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only
2

one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served
in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period
are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health
condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The
associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is
determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this
release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.

Table 8. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2011, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Period of service and
Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total ......................................................................................
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ......................
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported ..............

5,399
1,587
2,842
970

4,445
1,356
2,313
776

82.3
85.4
81.4
80.0

4,071
1,246
2,113
712

75.4
78.5
74.4
73.4

374
110
200
64

8.4
8.1
8.6
8.2

954
231
529
194

2,394
724
1,286
383

1,951
630
1,018
302

81.5
87.1
79.2
78.8

1,759
573
906
279

73.5
79.2
70.5
72.9

192
57
112
22

9.8
9.1
11.0
7.5

443
93
268
81

3,006
864
1,555
587

2,494
726
1,294
474

83.0
84.0
83.2
80.8

2,312
673
1,206
432

76.9
77.9
77.6
73.7

182
53
88
41

7.3
7.2
6.8
8.7

512
138
261
113

Gulf War era II
Total ......................................................................................
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ......................
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported ..............
Gulf War era I
Total ......................................................................................
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard ............
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard ......................
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported ..............

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era
began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I
(August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period.

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2011, not seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Period of service and location

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

Gulf War era II

Total ......................................................................................
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 .......................................
Served elsewhere .....................................................................
Location of service not reported ...............................................

2,394
911
1,156
327

1,951
768
933
249

81.5
84.3
80.7
76.4

1,759
679
853
227

73.5
74.5
73.8
69.5

192
89
80
22

9.8
11.6
8.6
9.0

443
143
223
77

1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes
veterans who served in both countries.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II
veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.