Tabulation Plans

Attachment 10 – Plans for Tabulation and Publication

The following analyses of the 2014-15 Tobacco Use Supplement-Census Population Survey (TUS-CPS) are examples of the types of analyses anticipated:

a. Cigarette Smoking Patterns

Proportions of current (some-day, everyday and combined), former, and never smokers as well as cessation activity and successful cessation, will be arrayed in tables for comparing trends over selected time points from 1992-93 through 2014-2015 from the TUS –CPS data. Each table will be cross-tabulated by demographic characteristics, particularly age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic region of the country. Trends of consumption will be analyzed. Correlations between prevalence, initiation and quit rates with consumption rates (estimated from self-report and from wholesale tax data receipts) will be investigated.

b. Use of Emerging and More Traditional Smokeless Tobacco Products, Various Types of Cigars and Pipes, and E-cigarettes

We will compare some of these emerging product estimates with traditional product estimates from earlier years such as 2010-2011. The TUS data will allow us to measure the impact of dual use of cigarettes -- and e-cigarettes and/or one or more other non-cigarette tobacco products on cigarette and all tobacco cessation during the past 12 months. Data on changes in smoking and other tobacco use patterns in the U. S. over time and subsequent relationships with other factors measured on other CPS Supplements and health outcomes through linkages with the NLMS will be explored by us as well as through grantee funded research.

c. Prevalence of Menthol Smoking and Purchasing of Single Cigarettes

Most African-American smokers smoke mentholated cigarettes. In addition, recent trends have shown that the prevalence of the smoking of mentholated cigarettes has been increasing among women and children/adolescents in the US. This survey will allow a sample-size large enough to provide stable estimates of mentholated smoking as well as provide data on US sub-populations. Purchasing of single cigarettes are more often an activity of youth, certain minorities and poorer smokers. We will describe this phenomenon both nationally and regionally and look at predictors of this behavior as well as how this behavior relates to attempts/provides barriers to quitting smoking.

d. Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure and other policy interventions

Policy approaches, including the voluntary adoption of work site restrictions, enactment of restrictive clean indoor air laws, and enforcement of restrictions are effective in reducing the number of persons exposed to SHS. Also, smoke-free workplace policies reduce exposure of nonsmokers to SHS and increase the likelihood that smokers in these settings will smoke fewer cigarettes or quit. Findings from all of the prior TUS-CPS showed substantial differences in the proportion of workers who reported smoke-free policies among various occupational groups. We will analyze trends for workplace smoking policies using the TUS-CPS from 1992-2015in order to address disparities in exposure to SHS among different occupational and other socio-economic groups.

Data from NHANES suggest that serum cotinine in nonsmokers declined substantially since NHANES III (1988-1994). Examining trends on rules for smoking in the home will help understand to what extent this decline can be ascribed to decreased exposure in the home. Because of the household composition data collected on the standard CPS questionnaire, exposure to passive smoking for children can be assessed. This assessment will come from a supplement question on smoking within the home. Exposure in the home will necessarily be a crude measure; nevertheless we will be able to estimate the exposure to children with this mechanism.

We will continue to track policy changes which eliminate state excise tax loopholes by examining changes in cigarette costs and smoker tax avoidance behavior (price-reducing strategies) comparing the 2003, 2006-07, 2010-2011, and 2014-15 data. A big federal excise tax increase was put into effect in the spring of 2009. It is likely that by the end of the 2014-15 fielding period that states and the federal gov’t will continue to increase these taxes and 2014-15 data will further aid examination of impact of these changes.

e. Smoking Norms

By providing interventions that are through multiple communication channels, the intent is to change the entire social milieu. That is, an effective delivery of tobacco control and intervention programs will include accelerating changes in social norms to further decrease the social acceptability of smoking. A number of questions on the "Tobacco Use" supplement will cover areas that measure process, rather than outcome (reported smoking) concepts. These include questions about social norms, i.e., acceptability of smoking (typically self-imposed home smoking rules, attitudes about smoking in public places and certain private spaces), and worksite based interventions. As smoking cigarettes is becoming less acceptable and as technology is improving access to quitting information, we will be able to compare the use of quit lines pre- and post-2005 national quit line launch and the emergent internet/web-based programs over time including before and after FDA-CTP existence.

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