OMB Appendix B HSIS Justification and Sources for Spring 2015 Parent Interview Questions

Appendix B

Justification and Sources for Spring 2015

Parent Interview Questions

Appendix B: Justification and Sources for Spring 2015 Parent Interview Questions

The spring 2015 Parent Interview is based on previously approved OMB data collection (OMB #0970-0229, Expiration Date: 04/30/2015) with slight modifications. This attachment presents the justification and sources (when appropriate) of the questions that have been changed or added since previously approved OMB data collection.

Question in Current ICR (2014)	Previously Approved Version of Question	Justification for New or Changed Questions	Source for New or Changed Questions
Contact Information Update
[CHILD FIRST NAME, LAST NAME] is listed as the child who is part of this study. Is the child’s name correct? 1-Yes (Go to A-3) 2-No (Go to A-2)	N/A - New question	These additional questions were added to help to maintain contact information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
What is the child’s correct name?	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
Are you still this child’s primary caregiver? 1-Yes 2-No (Go to D-1)	N/A - New question	This question identifies any changes in child’s primary care to maintain updated contact information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
Have you moved since May 1, 2014? 1-Yes 2-No	No change
What is your current street address? Also, please tell me whether this is the correct spelling of your name.	No change
Is this the name and address for us to use when we send you a letter in the mail? 1-Yes 2-No	No change
What is the name and address where we should send you a letter in the mail?	No change
Should we mail your 20 dollar check to you at (this address/one of these addresses)? 1-Yes, physical address (Go to A-10) 2-Yes, letter mailing address (Go to A-10) 3-No, another name and address (Go to A-9)	No change
What is the name and address where we should mail the check?	No change
Are you currently employed? 1-Yes 2-No	No change
What is the name and address of the place where you work?	No change
What are your current phone numbers? Check the box if None for that phone number. -Home Telephone -Cell phone -Work Phone (If A-10=Yes) -Alternate Phone	What are your current phone numbers? Check the box if None for that phone number. -Home Telephone -Alternate Phone	This updated question now requests cell and work phone numbers the most complete contact information possible for a potential follow-up study.	Question revised to match Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
Which of these is the best number to reach you? -Home Telephone -Cell phone -Work (If A-10=Yes) -Alternate Phone -Other (Specify)	N/A - New question	These additional questions were added to help to maintain contact information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
What is your email address? Check the box if None. □	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
Are you planning to move between now and March 2016? 1-Yes 2-No (Go to A-18a)	No change
Do you know what your new address will be or the general area you are planning to move? 1-Yes 2-No (Go to A-18a)	No change
What is the area where you are planning to move and, if you know, what will be your new address and telephone number?	No change
Just In case we have trouble reaching you in the future, would you please tell me the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three people who will know how to contact you? We will contact these people only if we are having difficulty contacting you directly.	No change
A-18a. What is the name of the first person	No change
A-18b. How is this person related to [CHILD]? (CIRCLE THE RELATIONAHIP CODE.) 01=Birth Mother 02=Birth Father 03=Adoptive Mother 04=Adoptive Father 05=Stepmother 06=Stepfather 07=Grandmother 08=Grandfather 09=Great grandmother 10=Great grandfather 11=Sister/Stepsister 12=Brother/Stepbrother 13=Other relative or in-law (female) 14=Other relative or in-law (male) 15=Foster parent (female) 16=Foster parent (male) 17=Other non-relative (female) 18=Other non-relative (male) 19=Parent’s partner (female) 20=Parent’s partner (male)	No change
A-18c. What is the person’s preferred language? 1-English 2-Spanish 3-Other (specify)	N/A - New question	These questions were modified or added, only if necessary, to collect more complete information on alternate contacts for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
A-18d. What is the person’s address?	No change
A-18e. Is this person currently employed? 1-Yes 2-No (Go to A-18-g)	N/A - New question		Westat developed. This question screens out those who do not need to respond to question 18f.
A-18f. What is the name of the place where this person works?	No change
A-18g. What are this person’s current phone numbers? Check the box if None for that phone number. -Home Telephone -Cell phone -Work -Alternate Phone	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
A-18h. Which of these is the best number to reach this person? Home Telephone -Cell phone -Work -Alternate Phone -Other (Specify)	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
A-18i. What is this person’s email address? Check the box if None. □	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
The same series of questions are repeated for the second person (A-19a-A-19i).	See above (A-18a-i)
The same questions are repeated for the third person (A-20a-A-20i).	See above (A-18a-i)
Child’s Current Contact and School Information
What is your child’s email address? Check the box if he/she does not have email. □	N/A - New question	These questions provide direct child participant contact information for a potential follow up study when the child is 18 or older. The child participant may decide at that time whether or not to participate in any potential future studies.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B-2. What is your child’s cell phone number? Check the box if no cell phone. □	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B.3 Please list any other ways to reach your child directly?	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B.4 Did a doctor or other professional ever tell you that your child has any special needs or disabilities-for example, physical difficulties, emotional, language, hearing, or learning difficulties, or other special needs? 1-Yes 2-No	N/A - New question	Research has demonstrated that early childhood programs can produce long-term effects on school achievement, grade retention, placement in special education, and social adjustment.1 This question will provide us with the ability to assess whether being diagnosed as having special needs or disabilities may influence long-term impacts of Head Start examined in a potential follow-up study. This question was used in the parent interview for the HSIS (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008). This question will extend and update the available data.	Head Start Impact Study (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008), Parent Interview, Westat
B-5. Does your child currently receive . . . Special education services through an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)? 1-Yes 2-No Gifted/talented services 1-Yes 2-No	N/A - New question	Research has demonstrated that early childhood programs can produce long-term effects on school achievement, grade retention, placement in special education, and social adjustment.2 This question will give us the ability to assess whether obtaining special education services and/or gifted services to meet the individual needs of children may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study. This item was added at the request of the National Head Start Association (NSHA).	Modified from the ECLS-K 8th Grade Year-Special Education Questionnaire
B-6. Has your child’s teacher or other school staff ever spoken to you about the possibility of retaining your child or repeating a grade? 1-Yes 2-No	N/A - New question	Research has demonstrated that early childhood programs can produce long-term effects on school achievement, grade retention, placement in special education, and social adjustment.3 These questions will give us the ability to assess whether children’s school retention or repeating of a grade may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study.	Westat developed.
B-7. Has your child ever repeated a grade or been retained in a grade? 1-Yes 2-No (GO TO B-9)	N/A - New question		Westat developed.
B-8. What grade(s) was (were) repeated?	N/A - New question		Westat developed.
B-9. Thinking ahead to when your child is 18, where do you think your child will be living? 01-With you 02-With another family member 03-On his/her own or with roommates 04-In a college dorm 05-In the military 06-Other (Specify)	N/A - New question	This question was added to help to maintain contact information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B-10. Has your child ever had any contact with the juvenile justice system? This would include: being picked up by the police for breaking the law being found guilty for a crime or a delinquent offense being on probation or court supervision being held at juvenile hall or in jail 1-Yes 2-No 3-Don’t Know	N/A - New question	Some research suggests that participation in Head Start reduces the chances of being arrested and charged with a crime, particularly for African-Americans.4 This question will give us the ability to assess whether children’s contact with the juvenile justice system may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B-11. Overall, how would you describe your child’s health? 01-Excellent 02-Very Good 03-Good 04-Fair 05-Poor	N/A - New question	Prior research has found evidence that immunizations and physician visits increased among Head Start participants.5 This question will give us the ability to assess whether children’s health may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study. The HSIS (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008) annually asked parents to rate their child’s health. This question will extend and update the available data.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B-12. Will (or did) your child graduate from high school or get a GED before Fall 2015? 1-Yes, Graduated from high school 2-Yes, GED 3-No	N/A - New question	These additional questions were added to help to maintain contact information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
B-13. Is your child currently enrolled in school (includes home school)? 1-Yes 2-No	N/A - New question		Westat developed
B-14. Is your child currently enrolled in College/Vocational School, Twelfth Grade, Eleventh Grade, Tenth Grade, Ninth Grade, Ungraded, or Other? 01-YES, COLLEGE/VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 02-YES, TWELFTH GRADE 03-YES, ELEVENTH GRADE 04-YES, TENTH GRADE 05-YES, NINTH GRADE 06-NO, UNGRADED 07-Other (Specify)	Is your child currently enrolled in Ninth Grade, Eighth Grade, Seventh Grade, or Sixth Grade? 01- YES, NINTH Grade 02-YES, EIGHTH GRADE 03-YES, SEVENTH GRADE 04-YES, SIXTH GRADE 05-NO, UNGRADED 06-Other (Specify)	The response options for this question were updated with grade and college-levels appropriate for the HSIS child participant age range.
B-15. Which of the following best describes the school setting that [CHILD] is in? 01-Public School 02-Private School 03-Home School 04-Magnet School 05-Charter School 06-Other (Specify)	Which of the following best describes the school setting that [CHILD] is in? 01-Public School 02-Private School 03-Home School 04-Other (Specify)	Two additional response options, magnet and charter school, were added to this question to provide parents with a more complete list of school setting that children may be attending.
B-16. How often do you feel your child is safe at school? Would you say never, sometimes, usually, or always? 01-Never 02-Sometimes 03-Usually 04-Always	N/A - New question	A growing body of evidence has shown that parents’ perception of school safety was associated with greater social competence and less behavior problems and anxiety issues.6 This question will give us the ability to assess whether parent-perceived school safety may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study.	Adapted from the Parent Questionnaire in the National Survey of Children’s Health Survey (NSCH), 2007
B-17. What is the name, address, and telephone number of this school?	No change
B-18. Between now and March 2015, are you planning to change [CHILD’S] current school or enroll him/her in a new school? 01-YES 02-IF YES, approximately when? __Month 03-NO (GO TO SECTION C)	No change
B-19. Do you know the name, address or telephone number of that school or where it will be located? 01-YES 02-NO  Mark this box if the child will not be in school. (GO TO SECTION C)	No change
B-20. What is the area where the school will be located and, if you know it, what is the name, address and telephone number of that school?	No change
For each of the following statements, please tell me how often your child (None of the time, Some of the time, Most of the time, or All of the time)?
B-21. Cares about doing well in school? 01-None of the time 02-Some of the time 03-Most of the time 04-All of the time	N/A - New question	A growing number studies have showed that children’s educational engagement is linked with higher academic achievement and lower drop-out rates.7 These questions will give us the ability to assess whether parent’s perceptions on children’s educational engagement may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study.	Adapted from Child Trend’s Educational Engagement Subscale from Flourishing Children’s Project (see http://www.childtrends.org/our-research/positive-indicators/positive-indicators-project/educational-engagement/)
B-22. Pays attention in class? 01-None of the time 02-Some of the time 03-Most of the time 04-All of the time	N/A - New question
B-23. Goes to class unprepared? 01-None of the time 02-Some of the time 03-Most of the time 04-All of the time	N/A - New question
For each of the following statements, please tell me how often your child… (None of the time, Some of the time, Most of the time, or All of the time)?
B-24. If something interests my child, he/she tries to learn more about it. 01-Strongly disagree 02-Somewhat disagree 03-Neither agree nor disagree 04-Strongly agree	N/A - New question
B-25. My child thinks the things he/she learns at school are useful. 01-Strongly disagree 02-Somewhat disagree 03-Neither agree nor disagree 04-Strongly agree	N/A - New question
B-26. My child believes that being a student is one of the most important parts of who he/she is. 01-Strongly disagree 02-Somewhat disagree 03-Neither agree nor disagree 04-Strongly agree	N/A - New question
Current Parent/Primary Caregiver Information
C-1. What is the highest grade or year of school that you have completed? 01-Less than high school 02-High school or GED 03-Vocational school or 2 year Associate’s Degree 04-College or graduate school	N/A - New question	There is a large body of research that demonstrates that mother’s education is associated with various economic, educational, and health outcomes for their children.8 This question will provide us with the ability to assess whether the mother’s education may influence long-term impacts in a potential follow-up study. Information was collected on parent highest level of education annually in the parent interview for the HSIS (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008). This question will extend and update the available data	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation Head Start Impact Study (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008), Parent Interview, Westat
C-2. Which of the following best describes your present work or school situation? 01-Working full-time (35 hours a week or more) 02-Working part-time (less than 35 hours per week) 03-Unemployed and looking for work 04-Unemployed and not looking for work 05-Full-time homemaker 06-In school 07-Too disabled to work 08-Other (Specify)	N/A - New question	Research has established the relationship between parent employment and child outcomes including less success in school, lower educational achievement, and lower incomes during adulthood. 9 This question will provide us with the ability to assess whether parent employment may influence long-term impacts in a potential follow-up study. Information was collected on parent employment and schooling annually in the parent interview for the HSIS (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008). This question will extend and update the available data	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation Head Start Impact Study (2002-2006) and the Third Grade Follow-up (2007-2008), Parent Interview, Westat
The following are questions about your knowledge of your child’s activities. For each activity, please provide one answer for how often this activity occurs.
C-3. Do you know what your child does during his or her free time? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question	Evidence from multiple studies suggests that parent knowledge of child activities (sometimes referred to as ‘parental monitoring’) is associated with better adolescent judgments and fewer deviant friends.10 These questions will give us the ability to assess whether parent knowledge of children’s activities may influence children’s long-term outcomes examined in a potential follow-up study.	Adapted from scale of parent knowledge of child activities questions included in Statin and Kerr’s (2000) study.
C-4. Do you know who your child has as friends during his or her free time? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-5. Do you know what type of homework your child has? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-6. Do you know what your child spends money on? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-7. Do you know when your child has a paper or exam due at school? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-8. Do you know how your child does on different subjects at school? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-9. Do you know where your child goes when he or she is out with friends at night? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-10. Do you know what your child does after school? 01-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
C-11. In the last month, how often did you have no idea where your child was at night? 1-No, never 02-Rarely 03-Sometimes 04-Most of the time 05-Yes, always	N/A - New question
Other Primary Caregiver
PLEASE COMPLETE IF RESPONDENT IS NO LONGER THE CHILD’S PRIMARY CAREGIVER
D-1. Who is this child’s primary caregiver now? (What is his/her name)?  Mark this box if you do not know.	N/A - New question	These questions provide contact information on the current primary caregiver (if a change has occurred) to maintain updated information necessary for a potential follow-up study.	Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-2. What is this person’s relationship to the child? 01-Parent 02-Grandparent 03-Other relative 04-Non-relative foster parent 05-Other non-relative 06-Other (Specify)	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-3. About when did this person become the child’s primary caregiver?	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-4. What are this person’s phone numbers? Check the box if None for that phone number. -Home Telephone -Cell Phone -Work -Alternate Phone	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-5. Which of these is the best number to use to reach this person? -Home Telephone -Cell Phone -Work -Alternate Phone	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-6. What is this person’s email address? Check the box if None	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-7. What is the child’s current home address?	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation
D-8. What is the child’s permanent home address?  Same as current home address	N/A - New question		Early Head Start Follow-up Study, 2013 Tracking Survey, Rand Corporation

REFERENCES

Anderson, K., Foster, J., & Frisvold, D. (2004). Investing in health: The long-term impacts of Head Start. Working Paper No. 04-W26. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University, Department of Economics.

Barnett, W. S. (2008). Preschool education and its lasting effects: Research and policy

implications. Boulder and Tempe, AZ: Education and the Public Interest Center & Education

Policy Research Unit. Retrieved [10/22/2014] from http://epicpolicy.org/publication/preschooleducation

Brooks-Gunn, J. & Duncan, G.J. (Summer/Fall, 1997). The effects of poverty on children. Children and Poverty, (7)2, 55-71.

Butler, A. M., Kowalkowski, M., Jones, H. A., & Raphael, J. L. (2012). The relationship of reported neighborhood conditions with child mental health. Academic Pediatrics, 12(6), 523-531.

Crouter, A. C. & Head, M. R. (2002). Parental monitoring and knowledge of children. Handbook of Parenting, 3, 461-483.

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.

Garces, E., Thomas, D. & Currie, J. (2002). Longer term effects of Head Start. American Economic Review, 92, 999–1012.

Hernandez, D.J. & Napierala, J.S. (2014). Mother’s education and children’s outcomes. New York: Foundation for Child Development.

Ludwig, J. & Phillips, D.A. (2008). Long-term effects of Head Start on low-income children. New York Academy of Sciences, 1136, 257-268.

McLoyd, V.C. (1998). Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. American Psychologist 53(2), 185-204.

Schueler, B. E., Capotosto, L., Bahena, S., McIntyre, J., & Gehlbach, H. (2014). Measuring parent perceptions of school climate. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 314

Stattin, H. & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71(4), 1072-1085.

Yoshikawa, H., Weiland, C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Burchinal, M.R., Espinosa, L.M., Gormley, W.T., Ludwig, J., Magnuson, K.A., Phillips, D., & Zaslow, M.J. (2013). Investing in our future: the evidence based on preschool education. Washington, DC and New York: Society for Research in Child Development and Foundation for Child Development.

Youngblade, L. M., Theokas, C., Schulenberg, J., Curry, L., Huang, I. C., & Novak, M. (2007). Risk and promotive factors in families, schools, and communities: A contextual model of positive youth development in adolescence. Pediatrics, 119(Supplement 1), S47-S53.

1 See Barnett (2008).

2 See Barnett (2008).

3 See Barnett (2008).

4 See Ludwig, & Phillips (2008) and Garces et al. (2002).

5 See Anderson et al. (2004).

6 See Schuler et al. (2014), Butler et al. (2012), and Youngblade et al. (2007)

7 See Fredricks et al. (2004).

8 See Hernandez & Napierala (2014), Yoshikawa et al. (2013), and McLoyd (1998).

9 See Hernandez & Napierala (2014), McLoyd (1998), and Brooks-Gunn & Duncan (1997).

10 See Crouter & Head (2002).