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pdfFRUIT CROPS 2011
(August 1, 2012)
The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
Agricultural Chemical Use Program is the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s official source of
statistics about on-farm pesticide use and pest
management practices.
was conducted in 12 states; results are based on 4,075
responses. For each commodity, the states surveyed
account for the majority of U.S. acres of the crop (Table 1).
Respondents applied a total of 331 unique pesticide
active ingredients to the surveyed crops in 2011, up
10 percent from 2009. The 331 active ingredients are
categorized into four pesticide classes: insecticides (96),
herbicides (80), fungicides (70), and other chemicals (85).
In fall 2011, NASS collected data about pesticide
use and pest management practices on 23 fruit
crops planted for the 2011 crop year. The survey
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Table 1. 2011 Fruit Chemical Use Survey: Program States by Crop
No. of
States
% of U.S.
Acreage*
Apples
X
7
82
Apricots
X
1
89
Avocados
X
1
87
X
Blackberries
X
X
Blueberries
X
Cherries, Sweet
X
X
X
X
X
Cherries, Tart
X
1
100
X
X
6
82
X
X
4
97
X
3
78
X
Dates
X
1
100
Figs
X
1
100
Grapefruit
X
3
100
Grapes, All
X
3
94
Kiwifruit
X
1
100
Lemons
X
1
80
Nectarines
X
1
95
Olives
X
1
100
Oranges, All
X
2
99
Peaches
X
7
81
Pears
X
Plums
X
Prunes
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Raspberries
X
Tangelos
Tangerines
X
X
X
X
X
X
3
95
1
100
1
100
2
69
X
1
100
X
2
95
*Based on Citrus Fruits: 2011 Summary (NASS, September 2011) and Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts: 2011 Summary (NASS, July 2012).
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Statistics Service
(800) 727-9540
www.nass.usda.gov
This report highlights results for apples,
blueberries, and peaches, which are each
produced in at least six geographically diverse
states. The seven states in which apple growers
were surveyed represent 82 percent of the U.S.
apple acreage. The six blueberry states surveyed
make up 82 percent of the nation’s blueberry
acreage, and the seven peach states account for 81
percent of U.S. peach acres.
Pesticide Use
The growers surveyed applied fungicides to
84 percent of their apple acres, 87 percent of
blueberry acres, and 81 percent of peach acres
(Figure 1). They applied insecticides to 84 percent
of apple, 84 percent of blueberry, and 61 percent
of peach acres. Herbicides and other chemicals
were used less extensively.
Based on percent of planted acres treated,
mancozeb was the most widely used fungicide on
apples, applied to 40 percent of planted acres at
an average rate of 10.117 pounds per acre for the
crop year (Table 2). Sulfur ranked second, applied
to 39 percent of planted acres.
For blueberries, fenbuconazole was the most
widely used fungicide, applied to 55 percent of
acres at an average rate of 0.218 pounds per acre
for the crop year. This was followed closely by
pyraclostrobin, applied to 50 percent of acres. For
peaches the most widely applied fungicides were
sulfur, propiconazole, and chlorothalonil, covering
56, 34, and 26 percent of the acreage, respectively.
Figure 1. Pesticides: Percent of Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Apples
Fungicides
Insecticides
Blueberries
Herbicides
Other Chemicals
Peaches
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Table 2. Top Fungicides Used, by Percent of Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Active Ingredient
Active Ingredient
Apples
Blueberries
Peaches
Percent
CropYear*
Year*
Percent
Planted Crop
%ofof
ofPlanted
Acres
Treated
Average
Rate
Acres
Treated
Planted Acres
Average Rate
Treated
lbs/acre
%
lbs/acre
Total
Total
Applied
Applied
lbs
lbs
Mancozeb
40
10.117
1,097,300
Sulfur
39
10.471
1,094,500
Myclobutanil
35
0.198
18,700
Fenbuconazole
55
0.218
7,100
Pyraclostrobin
50
0.296
8,800
Captan
44
3.369
87,100
Sulfur
56
40.128
2,014,800
Propiconazole
34
0.236
7,200
Chlorothalonil
26
3.495
82,800
* The period starting immediately after harvest of the previous year’s crop and ending at harvest of the current year’s crop.
Among insecticides, apple growers in the surveyed
states applied carbaryl to 46 percent of the
acreage (at an average rate of 1.566 pounds per
acre for the crop year), chlorantraniliprole to 45
percent, and chlorpyrifos to 44 percent (Table 3).
Blueberry growers applied phosmet on 38 percent
of blueberry acres at an average rate of 1.683
pounds per acre for the crop year. Peach growers
applied esfenvalerate to 31 percent of acres at an
average rate of 0.114 pounds per acre.
For all three fruits, growers used herbicides less
widely than fungicides or insecticides. On apples,
growers applied glyphosate isopropylamine
salt to 25 percent of acres at an average of 1.604
pounds per acre for the crop year (Table 4).
Blueberry growers applied diuron to 19 percent
of acres, followed closely by oryzalin (18 percent
of acres) and paraquat (16 percent). Glyphosate
isopropylamine salt and oxyfluorfen were each
applied to 16 percent of peach acres.
Table 3. Top Insecticides Used, by Percent of Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Active Ingredient
Apples
Blueberries
Peaches
% of
Planted Acres
Treated
Crop Year*
Average Rate
Total
Applied
lbs/acre
lbs
Carbaryl
46
1.566
196,300
Chlorantraniliprole
45
0.111
13,700
Chlorpyrifos
44
1.759
211,100
Phosmet
38
1.683
37,300
Zeta-cypermethrin
32
0.053
1,000
Malathion
30
3.955
68,900
Esfenvalerate
31
0.114
3,200
Lambda-cyhalothrin
19
0.075
1,300
Phosmet
13
4.663
56,300
* The period starting immediately after harvest of the previous year’s crop and ending at harvest of the current year’s crop.
Table 4. Top Herbicides Used, by Percent of Planted Acres Treated, 2011 Program States
Active Ingredient
Active Ingredient
Apples
Blueberries
Peaches
Percent
CropYear*
Year*
% of
of Planted Crop
Acres Treated
AverageRate
Rate
Planted
Acres
Average
Treated
lbs/acre
lbs/acre
%
Total
Applied
lbs
lbs
Glyphosate isopropylamine salt
25
1.604
110,600
Paraquat
15
1.016
41,100
2,4-D, dimethylamine salt
10
0.909
25,100
Diuron
19
1.397
16,000
Oryzalin
18
3.346
36,000
Paraquat
16
0.969
9,100
Glyphosate isopropylamine salt
16
1.193
17,400
Oxyfluorfen
16
0.179
2,700
2,4-D, dimethylamine salt
9
1.130
9,200
* The period starting immediately after harvest of the previous year’s crop and ending at harvest of the current year’s crop.
Pest Management Practices
The survey asked growers to report on the
pest management practices they used on their
operation’s total fruit acres in 2011. Pests are
defined as weeds, insects, or diseases. Fruit
growers reported practices in three categories
of pest management strategy: prevention,
monitoring, and suppression. Prevention
practices keep a pest population from infesting
a crop or field. Monitoring practices involve
observing or detecting pests through systematic
sampling, counting, or other forms of scouting.
Suppression involves controlling or reducing
existing pest populations in order to mitigate crop
damage.
Irrigating crops was the most widely reported
prevention practice, used on 93 percent of fruit
acres (Table 5). Among monitoring practices,
scouting for diseases and insects were both used
on 96 percent of fruit acres. The most widely
used pest suppression practice was alternating
pesticides having different mechanisms of action,
used on 74 percent of fruit acres.
Table 5. Top Pest Management Practices within Category, 2011 Total and Selected Program States*
Top Practice
Prevention
Monitoring
Suppression
Total
California
Florida
% of fruit acres
Michigan
Irrigated crop acres
93
99
99
44
Chopped, mowed, plowed, or burned field edges, etc.
78
73
79
91
Cleaned implements after fieldwork
74
72
85
74
Scouted for diseases
96
96
94
98
Scouted for insects
96
96
94
99
Scouted for weeds
95
95
92
93
Alternated pesticides with different mechanisms of action
74
61
89
94
Scouted for information to make decisions
54
40
62
86
Maintained ground covers or other physical barriers
50
58
20
68
*Includes all fruits grown by respondents, not just surveyed crops.
For More Information
The 2011 agricultural chemical use data for fruit are available through the Quick Stats 2.0 database on the
NASS website. To access the database, go to: http://quickstats.nass.usda.gov.
Under Program, select “Survey”
Under Sector, select “Environmental”
Under Group, select “Fruit & Tree Nuts”
Select the fruit commodity, category, geographic level, and year you are interested in
For assistance, call the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540. For information on the survey
methodology, go to www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Chemical_Use/index.asp and
click “Methodology” under the 2011 Fruit heading.
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Statistics Service
(800) 727-9540
www.nass.usda.gov
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Modified | 2012-07-31 |
| File Created | 2012-07-31 |