The Employment Situation BLS

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, December 2, 2016

USDL-16-2233

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2016
The unemployment rate declined to 4.6 percent in November, and total nonfarm payroll employment
increased by 178,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains occurred in
professional and business services and in health care.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
November 2014 – November 2016

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted,
November 2014 – November 2016

Percent

Thousands

8.0

450
400
350

7.0

300
250

6.0

200
150
100
50

5.0

0
-50

4.0
Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15

Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16

Household Survey Data
In November, the unemployment rate decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 4.6 percent, and the number
of unemployed persons declined by 387,000 to 7.4 million. Both measures had shown little movement,
on net, from August 2015 through October 2016. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men declined to 4.3 percent in
November. The rates for adult women (4.2 percent), teenagers (15.2 percent), Whites (4.2 percent),
Blacks (8.1 percent), Asians (3.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs edged down by 194,000 to 3.6
million in November. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was

little changed at 1.9 million and accounted for 24.8 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months,
the number of long-term unemployed was down by 198,000. (See tables A-11 and A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, changed little in November, and the
employment-population ratio held at 59.7 percent. These measures have shown little movement in
recent months. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers), at 5.7 million, changed little in November but was down by 416,000
over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See
table A-8.)
In November, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up by 215,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 591,000 discouraged workers in November, little different
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in November had not searched for work for
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 178,000 in November. Thus far in 2016, employment
growth has averaged 180,000 per month, compared with an average monthly increase of 229,000 in
2015. In November, employment gains occurred in professional and business services and in health care.
(See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services rose by 63,000 in November and has risen by
571,000 over the year. Over the month, accounting and bookkeeping services added 18,000 jobs.
Employment continued to trend up in administrative and support services (+36,000), computer systems
design and related services (+5,000), and management and technical consulting services (+4,000).
Health care employment rose by 28,000 in November. Within the industry, employment growth
occurred in ambulatory health care services (+22,000). Over the past 12 months, health care has added
407,000 jobs.
Employment in construction continued on its recent upward trend in November (+19,000), with a gain
in residential specialty trade contractors (+15,000). Over the past 3 months, construction has added
59,000 jobs, largely in residential construction.
Employment in other major industries, including mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality,
and government, changed little over the month.
-2-

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in
November. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, while overtime was
unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 3
cents to $25.89, following an 11-cent increase in October. Over the year, average hourly earnings have
risen by 2.5 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees edged up by 2 cents to $21.73 in November. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up from +191,000 to
+208,000, and the change for October was revised down from +161,000 to +142,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 2,000 less than previously
reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 176,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 6, 2017,
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2016,
scheduled for January 6, 2017, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household
survey data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.

Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Data
Effective with the release of January 2017 data on February 3, 2017, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program will begin using an improved methodology to select models for annual
seasonal adjustment processing. See www.bls.gov/ces/cestramo.htm for more information.

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Change from:
Oct. 2016Nov. 2016

Nov.
2016

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

251,747
157,367
62.5
149,444
59.4
7,924
5.0
94,380

254,091
159,907
62.9
151,968
59.8
7,939
5.0
94,184

254,321
159,712
62.8
151,925
59.7
7,787
4.9
94,609

254,540
159,486
62.7
152,085
59.7
7,400
4.6
95,055

219
-226
-0.1
160
0.0
-387
-0.3
446

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.0
4.7
4.6
15.6
4.4
9.4
3.9
6.4

5.0
4.7
4.4
15.8
4.4
8.3
3.9
6.4

4.9
4.6
4.3
15.6
4.3
8.6
3.4
5.7

4.6
4.3
4.2
15.2
4.2
8.1
3.0
5.7

-0.3
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
-0.1
-0.5
-0.4
0.0

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.1
6.8
5.4
4.4
2.5

4.2
8.5
5.2
4.2
2.5

4.0
7.3
5.5
3.8
2.6

3.9
7.9
4.9
3.9
2.3

-0.1
0.6
-0.6
0.1
-0.3

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,873
800
2,449
847

3,967
893
2,333
805

3,749
949
2,354
793

3,555
934
2,274
729

-194
-15
-80
-64

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,412
2,253
1,270
2,054

2,574
2,234
1,157
1,974

2,397
2,296
1,165
1,979

2,421
2,136
1,077
1,856

24
-160
-88
-123

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

6,085
3,536
2,221
20,171

5,894
3,618
1,969
20,688

5,889
3,505
2,118
20,691

5,669
3,505
1,909
21,018

-220
0
-209
327

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,717
594

1,844
553

1,700
487

1,932
591

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

280
279
53
-15
65
3
-12
-4.0
15
226
9.7
51.8
11.8
2.2
-18
18
48
0.7
45
42.4
46
11
1

208
205
21
1
26
-6
-6
-0.7
0
184
11.4
22.5
-3.2
0.3
5
2
87
33.6
38
22.5
8
13
3

142
135
7
-2
14
-5
-1
1.2
-4
128
7.9
-8.9
12.2
0.7
-3
9
48
7.3
44
37.4
15
3
7

178
156
17
2
19
-4
-6
1.2
2
139
2.8
-8.3
8.9
-0.3
-10
6
63
14.3
44
34.7
29
4
22

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

241
248

212
186

175
157

176
165

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.4
47.9
82.4

49.7
48.2
82.3

49.6
48.2
82.3

49.6
48.2
82.3

34.5
$25.27
$871.82
104.6
0.2
126.4
0.5

34.4
$25.81
$887.86
105.8
0.4
130.6
0.8

34.4
$25.92
$891.65
106.0
0.2
131.3
0.5

34.4
$25.89
$890.62
106.1
0.1
131.3
0.0

62.2
55.1

58.0
46.2

59.2
48.1

55.5
46.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 623,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:


The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

251,747
157,340
62.5
149,766
59.5
7,573
4.8
94,407
5,326

254,321
159,783
62.8
152,335
59.9
7,447
4.7
94,539
5,613

254,540
159,451
62.6
152,385
59.9
7,066
4.4
95,089
5,524

251,747
157,367
62.5
149,444
59.4
7,924
5.0
94,380
5,637

253,620
159,287
62.8
151,517
59.7
7,770
4.9
94,333
5,886

253,854
159,463
62.8
151,614
59.7
7,849
4.9
94,391
5,833

254,091
159,907
62.9
151,968
59.8
7,939
5.0
94,184
6,088

254,321
159,712
62.8
151,925
59.7
7,787
4.9
94,609
5,912

254,540
159,486
62.7
152,085
59.7
7,400
4.6
95,055
5,876

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,577
83,258
68.5
79,142
65.1
4,115
4.9
38,319

122,889
84,991
69.2
80,966
65.9
4,025
4.7
37,898

122,998
84,628
68.8
80,763
65.7
3,865
4.6
38,370

121,577
83,503
68.7
79,182
65.1
4,321
5.2
38,074

122,539
84,826
69.2
80,548
65.7
4,278
5.0
37,713

122,656
84,906
69.2
80,674
65.8
4,232
5.0
37,750

122,775
85,084
69.3
80,755
65.8
4,329
5.1
37,691

122,889
85,034
69.2
80,722
65.7
4,312
5.1
37,855

122,998
84,874
69.0
80,843
65.7
4,030
4.7
38,125

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,149
80,548
71.2
76,911
68.0
3,637
4.5
32,601

114,401
82,065
71.7
78,538
68.7
3,527
4.3
32,337

114,506
81,751
71.4
78,405
68.5
3,347
4.1
32,755

113,149
80,623
71.3
76,823
67.9
3,800
4.7
32,526

114,058
81,834
71.7
78,048
68.4
3,786
4.6
32,224

114,173
81,838
71.7
78,143
68.4
3,695
4.5
32,335

114,289
82,019
71.8
78,195
68.4
3,825
4.7
32,269

114,401
82,004
71.7
78,233
68.4
3,771
4.6
32,398

114,506
81,823
71.5
78,343
68.4
3,480
4.3
32,684

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,170
74,082
56.9
70,624
54.3
3,458
4.7
56,088

131,432
74,791
56.9
71,369
54.3
3,423
4.6
56,640

131,542
74,823
56.9
71,622
54.4
3,201
4.3
56,719

130,170
73,865
56.7
70,262
54.0
3,603
4.9
56,305

131,081
74,461
56.8
70,969
54.1
3,492
4.7
56,620

131,198
74,557
56.8
70,940
54.1
3,617
4.9
56,641

131,317
74,823
57.0
71,213
54.2
3,610
4.8
56,493

131,432
74,678
56.8
71,202
54.2
3,475
4.7
56,754

131,542
74,612
56.7
71,242
54.2
3,370
4.5
56,930

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,979
71,482
58.6
68,335
56.0
3,147
4.4
50,497

123,179
72,061
58.5
68,997
56.0
3,064
4.3
51,117

123,285
72,109
58.5
69,203
56.1
2,906
4.0
51,176

121,979
71,139
58.3
67,891
55.7
3,249
4.6
50,840

122,835
71,572
58.3
68,508
55.8
3,065
4.3
51,262

122,949
71,630
58.3
68,415
55.6
3,215
4.5
51,319

123,066
71,893
58.4
68,723
55.8
3,169
4.4
51,173

123,179
71,811
58.3
68,716
55.8
3,094
4.3
51,368

123,285
71,753
58.2
68,730
55.7
3,023
4.2
51,532

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,619
5,310
32.0
4,520
27.2
790
14.9
11,309

16,741
5,656
33.8
4,800
28.7
856
15.1
11,084

16,749
5,591
33.4
4,778
28.5
814
14.6
11,158

16,619
5,605
33.7
4,729
28.5
875
15.6
11,014

16,728
5,881
35.2
4,961
29.7
920
15.6
10,847

16,732
5,995
35.8
5,056
30.2
938
15.7
10,737

16,737
5,995
35.8
5,050
30.2
945
15.8
10,741

16,741
5,898
35.2
4,976
29.7
922
15.6
10,843

16,749
5,910
35.3
5,013
29.9
897
15.2
10,839

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

197,377
123,534
62.6
118,503
60.0
5,031
4.1
73,843

198,633
124,779
62.8
119,677
60.3
5,102
4.1
73,854

198,745
124,549
62.7
119,680
60.2
4,869
3.9
74,197

197,377
123,496
62.6
118,115
59.8
5,381
4.4
73,881

198,253
124,793
62.9
119,426
60.2
5,367
4.3
73,460

198,380
124,756
62.9
119,281
60.1
5,475
4.4
73,624

198,509
124,873
62.9
119,427
60.2
5,446
4.4
73,636

198,633
124,739
62.8
119,333
60.1
5,406
4.3
73,894

198,745
124,611
62.7
119,409
60.1
5,202
4.2
74,134

64,489
71.5
62,027
68.8
2,462
3.8

65,359
72.0
62,886
69.3
2,473
3.8

65,096
71.7
62,716
69.0
2,380
3.7

64,503
71.6
61,884
68.7
2,619
4.1

65,232
72.0
62,556
69.1
2,676
4.1

65,226
72.0
62,546
69.0
2,680
4.1

65,310
72.0
62,608
69.0
2,703
4.1

65,292
71.9
62,614
69.0
2,678
4.1

65,163
71.7
62,651
69.0
2,511
3.9

54,906
57.8
52,860
55.7
2,046
3.7

55,014
57.6
52,993
55.5
2,021
3.7

55,065
57.6
53,168
55.6
1,897
3.4

54,638
57.6
52,466
55.3
2,172
4.0

54,948
57.6
52,913
55.5
2,035
3.7

54,863
57.5
52,720
55.3
2,144
3.9

54,888
57.5
52,809
55.3
2,080
3.8

54,859
57.4
52,776
55.3
2,082
3.8

54,807
57.4
52,785
55.2
2,022
3.7

4,139
33.6
3,616
29.4
523
12.6

4,406
35.7
3,799
30.8
608
13.8

4,388
35.5
3,796
30.7
593
13.5

4,355
35.4
3,765
30.6
590
13.5

4,613
37.4
3,957
32.0
656
14.2

4,666
37.8
4,014
32.5
652
14.0

4,674
37.8
4,010
32.5
663
14.2

4,588
37.2
3,943
31.9
645
14.1

4,642
37.6
3,973
32.2
669
14.4

31,557
19,458
61.7
17,682
56.0
1,776
9.1
12,099

32,028
19,904
62.1
18,222
56.9
1,682
8.4
12,124

32,068
19,916
62.1
18,361
57.3
1,555
7.8
12,152

31,557
19,447
61.6
17,628
55.9
1,819
9.4
12,110

31,904
19,522
61.2
17,885
56.1
1,637
8.4
12,382

31,945
19,768
61.9
18,165
56.9
1,603
8.1
12,178

31,987
19,825
62.0
18,174
56.8
1,650
8.3
12,163

32,028
19,797
61.8
18,104
56.5
1,693
8.6
12,231

32,068
19,859
61.9
18,258
56.9
1,600
8.1
12,209

8,740
66.6
7,915
60.3
825
9.4

9,046
67.8
8,284
62.1
762
8.4

9,009
67.4
8,355
62.5
655
7.3

8,752
66.7
7,885
60.1
867
9.9

8,994
67.7
8,254
62.1
740
8.2

8,947
67.3
8,264
62.1
683
7.6

8,998
67.5
8,259
62.0
739
8.2

9,011
67.5
8,228
61.7
783
8.7

9,016
67.5
8,322
62.3
693
7.7

10,047
63.0
9,247
58.0
801
8.0

10,160
62.8
9,419
58.3
740
7.3

10,226
63.2
9,496
58.7
730
7.1

10,009
62.8
9,218
57.8
791
7.9

9,831
61.0
9,114
56.6
717
7.3

10,026
62.2
9,314
57.8
712
7.1

10,066
62.3
9,362
58.0
704
7.0

10,073
62.3
9,359
57.9
714
7.1

10,138
62.6
9,419
58.2
719
7.1

671
26.9
521
20.9
150
22.4

698
27.7
518
20.6
180
25.8

681
27.0
510
20.3
171
25.0

686
27.6
525
21.1
161
23.5

697
27.7
518
20.6
179
25.7

795
31.6
587
23.3
208
26.1

761
30.2
553
22.0
207
27.2

713
28.3
516
20.5
196
27.6

705
28.0
517
20.5
188
26.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nov.
2015
14,476
9,100
62.9
8,743
60.4
356
3.9
5,377

Oct.
2016
15,344
9,717
63.3
9,393
61.2
324
3.3
5,627

Nov.
2016
15,323
9,584
62.5
9,292
60.6
292
3.0
5,739

Nov.
2015
14,476
9,132
63.1
8,778
60.6
354
3.9
5,344

July
2016
15,211
9,651
63.4
9,281
61.0
369
3.8
5,560

Aug.
2016
15,304
9,702
63.4
9,290
60.7
412
4.2
5,603

Sept.
2016
15,310
9,764
63.8
9,381
61.3
382
3.9
5,547

Oct.
2016
15,344
9,807
63.9
9,470
61.7
337
3.4
5,537

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Nov.
2016
15,323
9,633
62.9
9,340
61.0
293
3.0
5,690

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

40,005
26,304
65.8
24,654
61.6
1,650
6.3
13,701

41,011
26,954
65.7
25,482
62.1
1,472
5.5
14,057

41,102
27,066
65.8
25,540
62.1
1,526
5.6
14,037

40,005
26,225
65.6
24,543
61.3
1,682
6.4
13,780

40,732
26,785
65.8
25,347
62.2
1,438
5.4
13,947

40,825
26,987
66.1
25,468
62.4
1,519
5.6
13,838

40,919
27,064
66.1
25,327
61.9
1,737
6.4
13,856

41,011
26,922
65.6
25,381
61.9
1,541
5.7
14,089

41,102
26,989
65.7
25,445
61.9
1,544
5.7
14,113

14,427
80.0
13,665
75.7
762
5.3

14,902
80.6
14,208
76.8
694
4.7

14,932
80.6
14,162
76.4
770
5.2

14,377
79.7
13,601
75.4
776
5.4

14,842
80.8
14,141
77.0
701
4.7

14,897
80.9
14,184
77.1
713
4.8

14,837
80.4
14,035
76.1
803
5.4

14,865
80.4
14,120
76.4
744
5.0

14,889
80.4
14,116
76.2
773
5.2

10,819
59.3
10,090
55.3
729
6.7

10,917
58.3
10,344
55.3
573
5.2

11,035
58.8
10,476
55.8
559
5.1

10,754
59.0
10,031
55.0
723
6.7

10,797
58.1
10,226
55.0
571
5.3

10,957
58.8
10,322
55.4
635
5.8

10,999
58.9
10,292
55.1
707
6.4

10,905
58.3
10,307
55.1
598
5.5

10,968
58.5
10,410
55.5
558
5.1

1,058
28.4
899
24.1
159
15.0

1,135
29.8
930
24.5
205
18.0

1,099
28.8
902
23.7
196
17.9

1,095
29.4
912
24.5
183
16.7

1,146
30.3
980
25.9
166
14.5

1,133
29.9
963
25.4
170
15.0

1,227
32.3
1,000
26.3
227
18.5

1,153
30.3
954
25.1
198
17.2

1,132
29.7
919
24.1
213
18.8

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,014
46.0
10,271
42.9
743
6.7

10,450
44.4
9,753
41.5
698
6.7

10,678
45.5
9,858
42.0
820
7.7

10,958
45.7
10,210
42.6
748
6.8

10,638
47.0
9,969
44.0
669
6.3

10,809
46.5
10,035
43.2
774
7.2

10,828
45.7
9,902
41.8
926
8.5

10,678
45.4
9,895
42.1
783
7.3

10,617
45.2
9,783
41.6
834
7.9

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,333
57.3
33,495
54.4
1,838
5.2

36,168
58.3
34,314
55.3
1,854
5.1

35,873
57.8
34,175
55.1
1,698
4.7

35,224
57.2
33,315
54.1
1,910
5.4

35,547
57.1
33,758
54.2
1,789
5.0

35,793
57.1
33,985
54.2
1,808
5.1

35,704
57.4
33,857
54.4
1,847
5.2

35,852
57.8
33,895
54.6
1,958
5.5

35,862
57.8
34,096
54.9
1,766
4.9

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,428
66.4
35,834
63.5
1,593
4.3

38,196
66.5
36,773
64.1
1,423
3.7

38,110
66.3
36,684
63.8
1,426
3.7

37,610
66.7
35,957
63.8
1,653
4.4

37,791
66.2
36,182
63.4
1,609
4.3

37,571
66.5
35,970
63.7
1,601
4.3

37,900
67.0
36,296
64.2
1,604
4.2

38,158
66.5
36,706
64.0
1,452
3.8

38,236
66.5
36,748
63.9
1,488
3.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52,933
74.2
51,681
72.5
1,252
2.4

54,179
74.3
52,801
72.4
1,378
2.5

54,054
73.9
52,867
72.3
1,187
2.2

52,757
74.0
51,451
72.1
1,306
2.5

54,100
74.0
52,741
72.1
1,359
2.5

54,068
74.1
52,618
72.1
1,450
2.7

54,341
74.2
52,967
72.3
1,374
2.5

54,101
74.1
52,709
72.2
1,392
2.6

53,923
73.7
52,679
72.0
1,244
2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Nov.
2015

Men
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Women
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,085
10,763
51.0
10,372
49.2
391
3.6
10,322

20,782
10,493
50.5
9,994
48.1
499
4.8
10,289

19,081
9,508
49.8
9,173
48.1
334
3.5
9,573

18,762
9,218
49.1
8,812
47.0
406
4.4
9,544

2,004
1,255
62.6
1,198
59.8
57
4.5
749

2,020
1,275
63.1
1,181
58.5
94
7.4
745

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,728
3,091
82.9
2,960
79.4
131
4.2
637

4,034
3,338
82.8
3,123
77.4
216
6.5
696

3,025
2,561
84.6
2,467
81.6
93
3.6
465

3,335
2,813
84.3
2,650
79.5
163
5.8
522

702
531
75.5
492
70.1
38
7.2
172

699
525
75.2
473
67.7
53
10.0
173

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,389
2,676
79.0
2,594
76.5
82
3.1
713

3,295
2,609
79.2
2,522
76.5
87
3.3
687

2,915
2,331
80.0
2,259
77.5
72
3.1
584

2,783
2,231
80.2
2,163
77.7
68
3.1
552

475
346
72.8
335
70.7
10
3.0
129

512
377
73.7
359
70.1
18
4.8
135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,739
2,244
25.7
2,168
24.8
76
3.4
6,495

8,341
1,944
23.3
1,867
22.4
78
4.0
6,397

8,427
2,174
25.8
2,105
25.0
69
3.2
6,253

8,042
1,877
23.3
1,804
22.4
73
3.9
6,165

312
70
22.6
63
20.1
8
–
242

299
67
22.5
63
21.0
4
–
232

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,229
2,751
52.6
2,650
50.7
101
3.7
2,478

5,112
2,602
50.9
2,483
48.6
119
4.6
2,510

4,714
2,443
51.8
2,342
49.7
101
4.1
2,271

4,602
2,297
49.9
2,196
47.7
101
4.4
2,305

515
308
59.9
308
59.8
1
0.2
207

510
305
59.9
287
56.3
19
6.1
205

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

221,746
144,783
65.3
137,877
62.2
6,906
4.8
76,963

224,658
147,061
65.5
140,801
62.7
6,260
4.3
77,598

97,897
72,844
74.4
69,223
70.7
3,621
5.0
25,053

99,680
74,491
74.7
71,234
71.5
3,256
4.4
25,189

123,849
71,939
58.1
68,654
55.4
3,285
4.6
51,910

124,978
72,570
58.1
69,566
55.7
3,003
4.1
52,408

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

Persons with no disability
Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,591
5,672
19.2
4,985
16.8
687
12.1
23,918

30,170
6,023
20.0
5,423
18.0
600
10.0
24,147

222,156
151,667
68.3
144,781
65.2
6,886
4.5
70,489

224,371
153,428
68.4
146,962
65.5
6,466
4.2
70,942

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,422
31.3
2,101
27.2
322
13.3
5,308

2,623
33.9
2,353
30.4
270
10.3
5,106

75,968
81.8
72,357
77.9
3,611
4.8
16,863

76,913
82.2
73,493
78.6
3,421
4.4
16,629

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,297
28.6
1,996
24.8
301
13.1
5,745

2,313
28.4
2,052
25.2
261
11.3
5,833

67,718
70.5
64,706
67.4
3,013
4.4
28,305

68,243
70.8
65,477
67.9
2,766
4.1
28,205

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

952
6.9
888
6.4
64
6.8
12,865

1,087
7.6
1,018
7.1
69
6.3
13,208

7,981
24.0
7,719
23.2
262
3.3
25,320

8,272
24.1
7,992
23.2
280
3.4
26,108

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Nov.
2015

Men
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Women
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

40,353
26,665
66.1
25,495
63.2
1,170
4.4
13,688

41,898
27,384
65.4
26,196
62.5
1,188
4.3
14,514

19,729
15,474
78.4
14,891
75.5
583
3.8
4,254

20,306
15,842
78.0
15,211
74.9
632
4.0
4,464

20,624
11,191
54.3
10,604
51.4
586
5.2
9,433

21,592
11,542
53.5
10,985
50.9
557
4.8
10,050

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

211,394
130,675
61.8
124,271
58.8
6,403
4.9
80,720

212,643
132,068
62.1
126,190
59.3
5,878
4.5
80,575

101,848
67,783
66.6
64,251
63.1
3,532
5.2
34,065

102,692
68,786
67.0
65,553
63.8
3,233
4.7
33,906

109,546
62,892
57.4
60,020
54.8
2,872
4.6
46,655

109,950
63,282
57.6
60,637
55.1
2,645
4.2
46,669

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

2,363
1,540
801
22
147,404
138,642
21,140
117,501
736
116,766
8,692
70

2,408
1,575
810
23
149,927
141,123
20,746
120,377
757
119,620
8,748
57

2,366
1,535
796
34
150,020
141,210
21,114
120,096
717
119,380
8,757
53

2,424
1,557
822
–
147,110
138,478
21,088
117,368
–
116,626
8,593
–

2,388
1,605
766
–
149,155
140,468
20,430
119,988
–
119,250
8,660
–

2,520
1,617
873
–
149,118
140,431
20,670
119,736
–
118,982
8,621
–

2,441
1,530
886
–
149,560
140,812
20,798
120,046
–
119,293
8,574
–

2,321
1,496
816
–
149,637
140,856
20,654
120,142
–
119,390
8,715
–

2,438
1,558
829
–
149,772
141,039
20,932
120,087
–
119,358
8,696
–

5,967
3,468
2,194
21,094

5,648
3,321
2,085
21,265

5,518
3,391
1,853
22,084

6,085
3,536
2,221
20,171

5,940
3,642
1,981
20,717

6,053
3,727
1,929
20,523

5,894
3,618
1,969
20,688

5,889
3,505
2,118
20,691

5,669
3,505
1,909
21,018

5,855
3,396
2,183
20,721

5,567
3,269
2,079
20,930

5,411
3,327
1,832
21,757

5,970
3,469
2,208
19,783

5,846
3,566
1,965
20,337

5,931
3,641
1,911
20,185

5,790
3,536
1,956
20,333

5,789
3,440
2,100
20,369

5,562
3,444
1,883
20,656

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

149,766
4,520
1,518
3,002
145,246
13,965
131,281
97,303
33,019
31,474
32,810
33,978

152,335
4,800
1,659
3,141
147,535
13,895
133,640
98,806
34,015
31,758
33,034
34,834

152,385
4,778
1,590
3,187
147,608
14,024
133,584
98,751
34,056
31,870
32,824
34,833

149,444
4,729
1,559
3,142
144,714
13,920
130,837
96,960
32,814
31,361
32,785
33,877

151,517
4,961
1,811
3,149
146,556
13,865
132,756
98,042
33,812
31,627
32,602
34,714

151,614
5,056
1,829
3,225
146,558
14,139
132,464
97,870
33,947
31,404
32,520
34,594

151,968
5,050
1,843
3,189
146,918
14,006
132,869
98,204
33,989
31,557
32,658
34,666

151,925
4,976
1,667
3,283
146,949
13,886
133,133
98,444
33,914
31,601
32,929
34,690

152,085
5,013
1,671
3,326
147,072
13,985
133,174
98,435
33,909
31,744
32,782
34,739

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79,142
2,231
747
1,485
76,911
7,020
69,892
51,982
17,829
16,883
17,270
17,910

80,966
2,429
743
1,685
78,538
7,105
71,433
52,815
18,273
17,126
17,416
18,618

80,763
2,359
716
1,642
78,405
7,171
71,233
52,760
18,254
17,187
17,319
18,473

79,182
2,358
781
1,571
76,823
7,026
69,767
51,862
17,732
16,829
17,302
17,905

80,548
2,500
869
1,627
78,048
7,120
70,987
52,395
18,197
17,048
17,149
18,592

80,674
2,531
895
1,631
78,143
7,238
70,913
52,401
18,238
16,996
17,167
18,512

80,755
2,560
852
1,710
78,195
7,185
70,968
52,497
18,232
16,968
17,298
18,471

80,722
2,490
752
1,727
78,233
7,123
71,149
52,620
18,208
17,033
17,379
18,529

80,843
2,501
766
1,731
78,343
7,195
71,172
52,672
18,199
17,134
17,339
18,501

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,624
2,289
771
1,517
68,335
6,946
61,390
45,321
15,191
14,591
15,540
16,069

71,369
2,372
916
1,456
68,997
6,790
62,207
45,991
15,741
14,632
15,618
16,216

71,622
2,419
874
1,545
69,203
6,852
62,351
45,990
15,802
14,683
15,505
16,361

70,262
2,371
778
1,571
67,891
6,894
61,070
45,098
15,082
14,533
15,483
15,972

70,969
2,461
942
1,522
68,508
6,745
61,768
45,646
15,614
14,579
15,453
16,122

70,940
2,525
934
1,594
68,415
6,901
61,551
45,469
15,709
14,408
15,352
16,082

71,213
2,490
991
1,478
68,723
6,820
61,902
45,707
15,757
14,589
15,360
16,195

71,202
2,486
915
1,556
68,716
6,763
61,984
45,824
15,706
14,567
15,550
16,161

71,242
2,512
905
1,595
68,730
6,790
62,001
45,763
15,710
14,610
15,443
16,238

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44,952
35,503
9,702

45,445
35,608
10,034

45,294
35,653
9,935

44,816
35,185
–

45,532
35,316
–

45,478
35,350
–

45,678
35,493
–

45,347
35,406
–

45,252
35,332
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,897
27,870

124,588
27,747

123,960
28,425

122,099
27,332

123,892
27,595

124,301
27,207

124,296
27,637

124,193
27,727

124,202
27,845

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,596
5.1

8,050
5.3

8,107
5.3

7,414
5.0

7,361
4.9

7,562
5.0

7,863
5.2

7,776
5.1

7,837
5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,692
9,493

5,704
9,558

5,898
9,553

–
9,415

–
9,426

–
9,495

–
9,461

–
9,532

–
9,525

1

Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,924
875
322
565
7,048
1,480
5,608
4,311
1,913
1,289
1,108
1,300

7,787
922
407
513
6,865
1,278
5,595
4,286
1,839
1,287
1,160
1,333

7,400
897
374
558
6,503
1,230
5,338
4,064
1,720
1,169
1,175
1,269

5.0
15.6
17.1
15.2
4.6
9.6
4.1
4.3
5.5
3.9
3.3
3.7

4.9
15.6
15.3
15.9
4.5
9.0
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.5
3.6
3.7

4.9
15.7
16.7
15.2
4.5
8.1
4.1
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.6
3.5

5.0
15.8
17.3
15.2
4.5
8.1
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.6
3.6

4.9
15.6
19.6
13.5
4.5
8.4
4.0
4.2
5.1
3.9
3.4
3.7

4.6
15.2
18.3
14.4
4.2
8.1
3.9
4.0
4.8
3.6
3.5
3.5

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,321
521
184
341
3,800
887
2,936
2,255
1,049
641
565
682

4,312
541
210
335
3,771
775
3,004
2,248
999
665
585
755

4,030
550
235
337
3,480
723
2,816
2,136
929
621
586
680

5.2
18.1
19.1
17.8
4.7
11.2
4.0
4.2
5.6
3.7
3.2
3.7

5.0
16.5
15.0
17.4
4.6
10.1
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.5
3.7
3.8

5.0
17.5
17.9
17.5
4.5
9.3
4.0
4.1
5.0
3.8
3.5
3.6

5.1
16.5
18.8
15.6
4.7
9.2
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.1
3.5
3.9

5.1
17.9
21.9
16.2
4.6
9.8
4.1
4.1
5.2
3.8
3.3
3.9

4.7
18.0
23.5
16.3
4.3
9.1
3.8
3.9
4.9
3.5
3.3
3.5

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,603
355
138
224
3,249
592
2,672
2,056
865
648
543
599

3,475
381
197
178
3,094
502
2,591
2,038
841
622
575
570

3,370
347
138
221
3,023
507
2,523
1,928
791
548
589
572

4.9
13.0
15.1
12.5
4.6
7.9
4.2
4.4
5.4
4.3
3.4
3.6

4.7
14.8
15.6
14.2
4.3
7.8
3.9
4.0
5.0
3.5
3.4
3.4

4.9
13.7
15.5
12.8
4.5
6.8
4.2
4.6
5.4
4.4
3.8
3.4

4.8
15.0
15.9
14.8
4.4
7.0
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.2
3.8
3.3

4.7
13.3
17.7
10.3
4.3
6.9
4.0
4.3
5.1
4.1
3.6
3.4

4.5
12.1
13.3
12.2
4.2
7.0
3.9
4.0
4.8
3.6
3.7
3.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present..................... .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,246
1,107
719

1,320
1,091
652

1,264
991
657

2.7
3.1
6.9

2.6
3.0
7.2

2.7
3.0
7.9

2.9
3.0
6.4

2.8
3.0
6.1

2.7
2.7
6.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,554
1,416

6,330
1,469

6,177
1,307

5.1
4.9

4.9
4.9

4.9
5.0

5.0
4.9

4.8
5.0

4.7
4.5

1

Not seasonally adjusted.
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
3
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,633
768
2,865
2,072
793
791
2,361
788

3,352
673
2,679
1,856
823
975
2,374
746

3,271
723
2,548
1,838
710
936
2,188
671

3,873
939
2,934
2,112
822
800
2,449
847

3,739
997
2,743
2,021
722
824
2,298
826

3,791
998
2,792
2,005
787
885
2,271
861

3,967
1,075
2,892
1,986
906
893
2,333
805

3,749
994
2,755
1,907
847
949
2,354
793

3,555
904
2,651
1,901
750
934
2,274
729

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

48.0
10.1
37.8
10.4
31.2
10.4

45.0
9.0
36.0
13.1
31.9
10.0

46.3
10.2
36.1
13.3
31.0
9.5

48.6
11.8
36.8
10.0
30.7
10.6

48.6
13.0
35.7
10.7
29.9
10.7

48.6
12.8
35.8
11.3
29.1
11.0

49.6
13.4
36.2
11.2
29.2
10.1

47.8
12.7
35.1
12.1
30.0
10.1

47.5
12.1
35.4
12.5
30.4
9.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.3
0.5
1.5
0.5

2.1
0.6
1.5
0.5

2.1
0.6
1.4
0.4

2.5
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.4
0.6
1.4
0.5

2.5
0.6
1.5
0.5

2.3
0.6
1.5
0.5

2.2
0.6
1.4
0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,173
2,144
3,256
1,249
2,007

2,218
2,142
3,087
1,157
1,930

2,201
2,006
2,859
1,060
1,799

2,412
2,253
3,324
1,270
2,054

2,160
2,266
3,170
1,150
2,020

2,290
2,329
3,062
1,056
2,006

2,574
2,234
3,131
1,157
1,974

2,397
2,296
3,144
1,165
1,979

2,421
2,136
2,933
1,077
1,856

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.1
11.4

27.9
10.5

27.1
10.5

27.9
10.7

28.1
11.6

27.6
11.2

27.5
10.3

27.2
10.2

26.3
10.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28.7
28.3
43.0
16.5
26.5

29.8
28.8
41.5
15.5
25.9

31.1
28.4
40.5
15.0
25.5

30.2
28.2
41.6
15.9
25.7

28.4
29.8
41.7
15.1
26.6

29.8
30.3
39.9
13.8
26.1

32.4
28.1
39.4
14.6
24.9

30.6
29.3
40.1
14.9
25.2

32.3
28.5
39.2
14.4
24.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

149,766
58,667

152,385
59,707

7,573
1,276

7,066
1,382

4.8
2.1

4.4
2.3

24,101
34,566
25,927
33,728
15,716
18,012

25,051
34,656
26,964
33,869
15,792
18,077

513
763
1,795
1,649
851
798

592
790
1,600
1,501
770
732

2.1
2.2
6.5
4.7
5.1
4.2

2.3
2.2
5.6
4.2
4.6
3.9

13,971
1,057
7,892
5,021

14,144
1,041
8,091
5,012

932
169
578
185

866
146
562
158

6.3
13.8
6.8
3.5

5.8
12.3
6.5
3.1

17,475
8,252
9,223

17,701
8,258
9,443

1,115
437
678

1,018
449
568

6.0
5.0
6.8

5.4
5.2
5.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

7,573
5,810
80
536
622
384
238
1,013
271
111
251
839
734
1,005
348
170
472
332

7,066
5,415
37
517
619
341
278
915
209
115
273
753
716
1,011
249
156
449
376

4.8
4.7
8.5
6.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
5.0
4.3
4.3
2.6
5.2
3.2
7.4
5.3
10.2
2.2
3.4

4.4
4.3
4.7
5.7
3.9
3.4
4.7
4.4
3.2
4.2
2.8
4.5
3.1
7.1
3.8
9.6
2.1
3.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

July
2016

Aug.
2016

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016

Nov.
2016

2.1

1.9

1.8

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.2

4.8

4.7

4.4

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

4.9

4.6

5.2

5.0

4.8

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.0

5.8

5.7

5.6

6.1

6.0

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.8

9.6

9.2

9.0

9.9

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.5

9.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Nov.
2015

Men
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Women
Nov.
2016

Nov.
2015

Nov.
2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,407
5,326
1,717
594
1,123

95,089
5,524
1,932
591
1,341

38,319
2,599
947
389
558

38,370
2,636
1,020
393
627

56,088
2,726
770
205
565

56,719
2,889
912
198
714

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,596
5.1
4,055
2,107
233
1,169

8,107
5.3
4,362
2,287
270
1,136

3,693
4.7
2,149
720
166
641

3,816
4.7
2,369
739
141
538

3,902
5.5
1,906
1,388
67
527

4,290
6.0
1,992
1,548
130
598

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

144,122
121,611
19,747

145,052
122,900
19,881

145,920
123,332
19,871

146,399
123,657
19,778

142,875
120,847
19,634

144,808
122,592
19,622

144,950
122,727
19,629

145,128
122,883
19,646

Change
from:
Oct.2016 Nov.2016p
178
156
17

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

776
51.7
723.8
184.8
193.5
62.1
39.5

688
50.8
637.3
171.8
184.4
52.8
38.5

691
51.0
639.9
171.9
184.5
53.6
38.5

692
50.4
641.2
173.7
185.2
54.3
38.6

771
50.3
720.4
185.0
192.4
62.0
39.9

682
49.2
632.3
172.3
181.5
52.9
38.7

680
49.3
631.0
172.3
181.8
53.4
38.8

682
49.1
633.1
173.4
183.1
53.7
38.7

2
-0.2
2.1
1.1
1.3
0.3
-0.1

91.9
345.5

93.1
281.1

92.4
283.5

92.3
282.3

90.6
343.0

89.9
278.5

89.6
276.9

90.7
276.6

1.1
-0.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,654
1,446.6
712.9
733.7
968.4
4,239.4
1,842.7
2,396.7

6,886
1,498.9
754.4
744.5
995.6
4,391.9
1,937.6
2,454.3

6,891
1,503.4
756.5
746.9
1,000.1
4,387.0
1,929.9
2,457.1

6,813
1,493.7
754.5
739.2
963.8
4,355.7
1,923.1
2,432.6

6,549
1,428.3
702.2
726.1
939.6
4,180.9
1,821.1
2,359.8

6,671
1,464.8
735.1
729.7
932.7
4,273.1
1,882.9
2,390.2

6,685
1,470.5
738.1
732.4
937.3
4,277.4
1,886.0
2,391.4

6,704
1,475.7
743.0
732.7
935.2
4,292.9
1,900.7
2,392.2

19
5.2
4.9
0.3
-2.1
15.5
14.7
0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,317

12,307

12,289

12,273

12,314

12,269

12,264

12,260

7,732
385.9
403.1
385.5
1,441.7
1,105.0
1,039.8
154.8
86.3

7,670
384.0
409.0
372.6
1,419.5
1,076.9
1,032.5
161.9
83.9

7,669
385.5
410.0
373.5
1,421.1
1,074.8
1,030.7
161.5
83.8

7,661
386.3
406.5
373.9
1,419.0
1,071.3
1,032.4
161.6
84.2

7,733
383.7
400.2
385.9
1,444.4
1,106.0
1,041.4
155.5
86.2

7,663
381.7
401.9
373.0
1,420.6
1,078.5
1,034.2
162.4
84.2

7,662
383.2
402.9
373.6
1,420.4
1,075.1
1,033.3
162.7
84.0

7,656
383.9
402.3
373.6
1,418.8
1,071.2
1,034.2
162.9
84.0

-6
0.7
-0.6
0.0
-1.6
-3.9
0.9
0.2
0.0

366.0
397.7

357.3
394.5

355.8
394.5

356.5
395.1

366.3
398.6

358.1
394.6

356.7
394.8

356.8
395.7

0.1
0.9

35.0
382.4
1,605.9
919.0
383.7

34.9
382.7
1,606.8
928.0
387.5

35.1
381.5
1,603.2
927.5
388.2

35.0
381.9
1,603.2
929.3
386.0

34.8
382.4
1,606.3
918.0
385.5

35.0
382.5
1,605.9
927.7
386.5

35.0
382.1
1,605.1
928.9
387.6

34.8
382.1
1,603.8
930.1
387.5

-0.2
0.0
-1.3
1.2
-0.1

599.3

598.2

600.2

600.6

597.4

598.2

599.1

598.3

-0.8

4,585
1,513.2
115.3
118.0
136.7
373.1
451.3
117.4
811.1
686.4

4,637
1,558.4
111.6
116.6
133.1
369.1
439.6
117.1
818.3
690.7

4,620
1,552.2
111.8
115.0
131.6
367.2
439.1
117.3
818.1
685.6

4,612
1,543.6
112.1
115.8
131.8
368.1
438.3
115.6
821.4
684.5

4,581
1,511.3
115.3
116.9
136.2
373.3
449.4
116.8
812.3
687.8

4,606
1,535.5
112.2
116.8
131.9
369.1
440.0
115.5
820.6
689.7

4,602
1,538.4
112.2
114.5
130.8
368.2
438.2
114.8
821.4
687.9

4,604
1,540.0
112.0
114.6
131.2
368.2
436.1
114.9
822.4
685.7

2
1.6
-0.2
0.1
0.4
0.0
-2.1
0.1
1.0
-2.2

262.2

282.4

281.7

280.3

261.5

275.1

275.6

279.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101,864

103,019

103,461

103,879

101,213

102,970

103,098

103,237

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,596

27,281

27,465

27,919

27,087

27,409

27,421

27,424

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

-4

5,907.8
2,942.1
2,058.6

5,941.4
2,952.0
2,076.5

5,953.7
2,950.7
2,088.5

5,961.6
2,952.7
2,088.3

5,897.3
2,942.9
2,049.6

5,938.8
2,951.8
2,073.6

5,946.7
2,951.0
2,081.3

5,949.5
2,952.3
2,078.8

3.6
139
3
2.8
1.3
-2.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Change
from:
Oct.2016 Nov.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

907.1

912.9

914.5

920.6

904.8

913.4

914.4

918.4

4.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,168.7
1,964.2
1,265.4
145.2
553.6
485.1
555.8

15,846.7
2,011.6
1,298.4
153.9
559.3
479.3
518.5

15,997.0
2,013.0
1,302.6
150.8
559.6
487.4
517.6

16,368.5
2,016.6
1,304.8
147.5
564.3
498.6
534.6

15,754.2
1,965.7
1,263.9
149.4
552.4
469.5
527.2

15,994.0
2,005.6
1,295.8
151.1
558.6
485.3
525.5

15,985.1
2,011.4
1,300.6
151.2
559.6
482.5
513.7

15,976.8
2,017.3
1,303.7
151.2
562.4
483.6
509.5

-8.3
5.9
3.1
0.0
2.8
1.1
-4.2

1,221.9
3,087.2
1,045.2
912.6
1,492.2

1,267.6
3,105.8
1,042.7
937.3
1,344.3

1,266.4
3,113.7
1,051.6
934.4
1,359.4

1,260.4
3,126.6
1,073.7
924.7
1,453.4

1,248.5
3,065.4
1,033.2
911.3
1,376.8

1,289.2
3,108.9
1,050.2
930.4
1,383.4

1,291.2
3,110.9
1,052.9
930.6
1,364.8

1,291.7
3,113.1
1,058.9
924.7
1,347.2

0.5
2.2
6.0
-5.9
-17.6

684.1
3,320.1
1,414.3
1,905.8
851.3
549.0

611.9
3,155.5
1,280.7
1,874.8
838.3
533.9

619.3
3,223.4
1,315.5
1,907.9
859.7
551.1

673.8
3,374.5
1,412.0
1,962.5
849.7
581.9

627.3
3,169.4
1,321.0
1,848.3
837.2
522.7

623.1
3,214.0
1,320.3
1,893.7
838.3
540.1

622.1
3,221.3
1,321.5
1,899.8
841.4
542.3

621.7
3,222.1
1,316.4
1,905.7
836.6
550.4

-0.4
0.8
-5.1
5.9
-4.8
8.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,956.8
460.1
233.8
61.1
1,469.6

4,928.2
471.8
217.0
62.6
1,478.3

4,950.2
470.6
216.2
61.7
1,485.9

5,024.4
468.1
215.9
60.1
1,479.9

4,872.3
461.2
233.9
61.9
1,460.3

4,911.8
470.7
216.0
62.0
1,462.1

4,924.0
470.6
215.9
61.6
1,468.9

4,932.9
469.6
215.4
61.3
1,470.0

8.9
-1.0
-0.5
-0.3
1.1

489.5
49.8
25.8
659.3
656.0
851.8

476.3
47.7
36.3
654.5
609.9
873.8

481.9
47.6
30.4
657.4
610.6
887.9

480.1
47.7
25.3
657.0
690.1
900.2

472.4
49.8
30.5
656.1
613.8
832.4

465.5
47.9
30.1
654.0
632.1
871.4

465.4
47.7
29.7
653.1
634.4
876.7

465.5
47.6
29.9
653.7
640.1
879.8

0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.6
5.7
3.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

562.5

564.4

564.5

564.7

562.8

564.8

565.5

565.2

-0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,767
726.1

2,772
726.9

2,776
725.9

2,773
726.2

2,753
724.2

2,781
726.5

2,778
724.6

2,768
724.1

-10
-0.5

399.9
280.0
810.4

414.8
276.8
790.9

425.4
277.6
782.3

424.3
277.5
783.8

395.0
278.8
806.6

424.1
277.0
791.2

429.6
277.0
783.3

425.5
276.4
781.3

-4.1
-0.6
-2.0

301.3
248.9

299.8
263.0

300.7
264.4

298.4
263.2

300.6
248.1

299.7
262.8

300.1
263.7

298.0
262.9

-2.1
-0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,183
6,090.1
17.9

8,329
6,166.0
17.8

8,336
6,181.3
17.9

8,337
6,193.7
17.9

8,182
6,078.8
17.8

8,320
6,172.4
17.8

8,329
6,179.9
17.8

8,335
6,183.0
17.9

6
3.1
0.1

2,573.2
1,676.2
1,264.3
600.9
296.1

2,608.7
1,687.3
1,265.6
610.8
310.6

2,611.5
1,685.8
1,263.4
613.9
311.8

2,619.7
1,690.2
1,265.9
616.1
313.4

2,572.2
1,677.3
1,264.7
599.1
295.8

2,612.1
1,691.2
1,268.2
610.2
310.7

2,614.3
1,690.7
1,267.2
612.2
311.3

2,618.5
1,691.9
1,267.2
613.7
312.9

4.2
1.2
0.0
1.5
1.6

919.5
2,579.5
2,092.8
1,529.6
539.3
23.9

930.9
2,608.6
2,162.6
1,580.2
559.2
23.2

931.3
2,620.6
2,154.8
1,583.8
547.5
23.5

929.7
2,626.4
2,143.6
1,581.2
538.9
23.5

918.9
2,569.9
2,103.2
1,534.4
545.0
23.8

930.5
2,612.0
2,147.1
1,574.7
549.1
23.3

928.7
2,619.1
2,148.8
1,578.8
546.7
23.3

928.8
2,617.8
2,152.4
1,583.7
545.4
23.3

0.1
-1.3
3.6
4.9
-1.3
0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Change
from:
Oct.2016 Nov.2016p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,081
8,737.7
1,126.4
961.7
1,424.5
140.0

20,451
8,900.0
1,121.1
958.9
1,448.2
143.1

20,601
8,990.5
1,127.3
973.1
1,460.0
146.0

20,669
9,041.0
1,127.3
1,017.2
1,454.2
144.6

19,921
8,742.2
1,123.8
1,009.9
1,420.1
138.8

20,381
8,991.6
1,124.9
1,036.3
1,446.5
144.3

20,429
9,016.5
1,125.1
1,041.0
1,451.2
144.1

20,492
9,040.2
1,124.6
1,058.7
1,450.2
143.3

63
23.7
-0.5
17.7
-1.0
-0.8

1,960.3

2,010.2

2,034.0

2,042.4

1,948.4

2,016.5

2,024.9

2,030.3

5.4

1,303.5

1,361.5

1,381.7

1,385.4

1,291.4

1,364.4

1,370.4

1,373.9

3.5

660.7
493.0
667.6
2,245.3
9,098.3
8,696.5
478.2
143.9
3,713.9
3,033.4
921.7

671.9
496.9
688.2
2,278.9
9,272.5
8,859.2
497.3
144.4
3,715.8
3,027.0
920.2

676.2
498.9
693.3
2,277.9
9,332.2
8,918.6
500.9
144.4
3,762.6
3,072.6
937.7

681.7
495.0
693.2
2,283.0
9,345.0
8,930.2
504.2
144.0
3,796.6
3,098.5
946.7

661.7
491.0
657.2
2,244.6
8,933.9
8,531.9
478.2
143.8
3,587.7
2,919.2
900.5

676.3
497.0
685.5
2,277.2
9,112.0
8,701.8
497.8
144.2
3,630.7
2,953.7
925.6

678.8
495.8
685.2
2,280.1
9,132.3
8,719.8
500.2
143.9
3,639.4
2,961.0
924.5

682.1
493.1
684.0
2,282.1
9,170.0
8,755.7
502.7
144.0
3,660.7
2,975.3
924.9

3.3
-2.7
-1.2
2.0
37.7
35.9
2.5
0.1
21.3
14.3
0.4

201.4
884.0
2,038.4
315.0

205.1
904.2
2,142.0
330.2

204.1
906.9
2,129.5
332.5

202.0
910.3
2,096.6
329.8

201.2
872.8
2,029.9
317.9

204.5
896.7
2,074.8
327.6

204.2
898.2
2,081.2
328.2

202.6
899.8
2,089.3
331.6

-1.6
1.6
8.1
3.4

401.8

413.3

413.6

414.8

402.0

410.2

412.5

414.3

1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,569
3,674.9
18,893.7
15,310.9
6,995.2
2,573.3
919.7
825.1
759.0
260.9
1,361.2

22,738
3,519.9
19,217.8
15,610.7
7,170.9
2,622.5
940.5
866.6
788.5
257.8
1,400.6

23,050
3,725.6
19,324.2
15,676.9
7,223.9
2,638.6
947.4
877.8
793.5
260.7
1,410.4

23,145
3,761.3
19,383.2
15,717.1
7,249.9
2,648.1
948.1
881.7
801.6
259.5
1,413.1

22,315
3,485.6
18,829.3
15,267.0
6,967.5
2,564.2
917.3
823.7
757.4
261.1
1,349.6

22,808
3,559.0
19,249.3
15,618.5
7,182.5
2,626.6
943.1
870.3
789.9
259.2
1,399.4

22,852
3,565.5
19,286.7
15,645.6
7,199.3
2,630.3
944.7
874.6
793.9
260.6
1,402.6

22,896
3,574.7
19,321.4
15,674.0
7,221.5
2,637.7
944.8
879.8
799.2
260.0
1,404.8

44
9.2
34.7
28.4
22.2
7.4
0.1
5.2
5.3
-0.6
2.2

296.0
4,998.2
3,317.5
1,663.4
610.2

294.4
5,111.5
3,328.3
1,660.7
612.8

295.5
5,121.9
3,331.1
1,659.0
613.2

297.8
5,131.1
3,336.1
1,661.8
614.6

294.2
4,987.6
3,311.9
1,659.2
609.3

294.0
5,104.6
3,331.4
1,659.9
613.1

292.6
5,115.1
3,331.2
1,657.4
613.9

295.2
5,120.6
3,331.9
1,657.2
614.0

2.6
5.5
0.7
-0.2
0.1

882.2
161.7
3,582.8
2,190.4
154.7
334.1
903.6

891.0
163.8
3,607.1
2,222.7
158.4
332.1
893.9

893.8
165.1
3,647.3
2,241.8
159.1
333.6
912.8

894.2
165.5
3,666.1
2,256.9
158.9
332.2
918.1

882.0
161.4
3,562.3
2,186.4
155.0
334.6
886.2

894.1
164.3
3,630.8
2,237.5
159.0
333.5
900.8

894.9
165.0
3,641.1
2,245.6
159.5
334.5
901.5

895.5
165.2
3,647.4
2,252.2
159.3
333.2
902.7

0.6
0.2
6.3
6.6
-0.2
-1.3
1.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

15,034
2,045.7
448.7

15,748
2,293.9
492.2

15,518
2,185.4
469.0

15,327
2,086.2
450.0

15,307
2,196.0
460.9

15,556
2,225.6
465.8

15,571
2,232.4
465.0

15,600
2,242.6
466.6

29
10.2
1.6

147.4
1,449.6
12,988.4

159.7
1,642.0
13,454.1

159.3
1,557.1
13,332.1

151.8
1,484.4
13,241.1

152.2
1,582.9
13,110.9

158.1
1,601.7
13,329.9

158.2
1,609.2
13,339.0

157.3
1,618.7
13,357.8

-0.9
9.5
18.8

Industry

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Change
from:
Oct.2016 Nov.2016p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,866.0
11,122.4

1,970.5
11,483.6

1,913.1
11,419.0

1,866.0
11,375.1

1,926.4
11,184.5

1,930.0
11,399.9

1,926.3
11,412.7

1,926.2
11,431.6

-0.1
18.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,634
1,281.7
1,412.2
2,940.5

5,700
1,284.1
1,446.4
2,969.8

5,715
1,288.1
1,447.7
2,979.0

5,709
1,282.4
1,450.6
2,976.4

5,648
1,285.3
1,413.6
2,948.6

5,715
1,284.2
1,446.4
2,984.1

5,718
1,287.1
1,448.1
2,982.9

5,722
1,286.5
1,451.9
2,984.0

4
-0.6
3.8
1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,511
2,755.0
2,156.3
598.9
5,294.0
2,628.0
2,666.1
14,462.0
8,165.7
6,296.6

22,152
2,805.0
2,194.3
611.1
5,165.0
2,492.3
2,673.0
14,182.0
7,766.7
6,415.1

22,588
2,802.0
2,191.9
609.7
5,270.0
2,604.8
2,664.7
14,516.0
8,124.6
6,391.6

22,742
2,806.0
2,193.8
611.8
5,299.0
2,632.5
2,666.9
14,637.0
8,218.4
6,418.3

22,028
2,758.0
2,159.8
598.6
5,110.0
2,435.6
2,674.8
14,160.0
7,814.8
6,345.4

22,216
2,800.0
2,186.9
613.4
5,120.0
2,447.2
2,673.1
14,296.0
7,875.2
6,420.5

22,223
2,808.0
2,194.8
613.5
5,112.0
2,440.1
2,672.3
14,303.0
7,871.7
6,431.4

22,245
2,811.0
2,197.9
613.4
5,117.0
2,441.7
2,674.9
14,317.0
7,870.3
6,446.8

22
3.0
3.1
-0.1
5.0
1.6
2.6
14.0
-1.4
15.4

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.3
44.1
39.1
40.7
41.0
40.0
33.4
34.6
38.9
31.4
38.9
42.6
36.1
37.6
36.1
32.8
26.2
31.9

34.4
40.3
43.4
39.2
40.7
41.2
39.8
33.3
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.9
42.4
35.8
37.5
36.1
32.9
26.2
31.9

34.4
40.4
44.3
39.2
40.8
41.3
40.0
33.3
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.7
43.0
36.0
37.3
36.1
32.9
26.2
32.0

34.4
40.2
43.3
39.2
40.6
41.1
39.7
33.3
34.3
38.9
30.9
38.8
41.9
35.8
37.4
36.0
32.9
26.2
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.2
3.2
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.3
3.3
3.2

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.27
26.47
31.75
27.62
25.52
26.80
23.30
24.99
22.02
28.81
17.69
23.07
37.94
35.79
31.84
30.39
25.49
14.47
22.68

$25.81
27.08
31.92
28.28
26.17
27.42
24.01
25.51
22.46
29.70
17.90
23.48
38.29
36.95
32.60
30.97
25.83
15.02
23.01

$25.92
27.24
32.22
28.38
26.35
27.63
24.14
25.62
22.55
29.76
17.96
23.56
38.96
37.36
32.60
31.12
25.92
15.07
23.15

$25.89
27.09
31.76
28.28
26.19
27.43
24.06
25.61
22.56
29.76
18.01
23.65
38.24
37.27
32.70
31.12
25.87
15.06
23.12

$871.82
1,066.74
1,400.18
1,079.94
1,038.66
1,098.80
932.00
834.67
761.89
1,120.71
555.47
897.42
1,616.24
1,292.02
1,197.18
1,097.08
836.07
379.11
723.49

$887.86
1,091.32
1,385.33
1,108.58
1,065.12
1,129.70
955.60
849.48
768.13
1,155.33
551.32
913.37
1,623.50
1,322.81
1,222.50
1,118.02
849.81
393.52
734.02

$891.65
1,100.50
1,427.35
1,112.50
1,075.08
1,141.12
965.60
853.15
771.21
1,157.66
553.17
911.77
1,675.28
1,344.96
1,215.98
1,123.43
852.77
394.83
740.80

$890.62
1,089.02
1,375.21
1,108.58
1,063.31
1,127.37
955.18
852.81
773.81
1,157.66
556.51
917.62
1,602.26
1,334.27
1,222.98
1,120.32
851.12
394.57
737.53

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2016 Nov.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104.6
90.1
106.8
88.3
90.2
89.3
91.4
108.8
101.9
100.1
100.5
108.5
103.7
90.8
100.8
113.1
119.5
114.4
103.9

105.8
90.1
93.0
90.1
89.8
88.9
91.5
110.3
101.9
100.8
100.1
109.4
103.6
90.9
102.2
115.7
122.5
116.3
105.1

106.0
90.3
94.7
90.3
90.0
89.1
91.9
110.5
102.0
100.9
100.0
109.1
105.2
91.3
101.7
116.0
122.8
116.4
105.5

106.1
90.0
92.8
90.6
89.5
88.6
91.2
110.6
102.3
101.0
100.3
109.5
102.5
90.5
102.1
116.0
123.0
116.6
105.2

0.1
-0.3
-2.0
0.3
-0.6
-0.6
-0.8
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
-2.6
-0.9
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
-0.3

1

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2016 Nov.
2016p

126.4
107.8
136.2
105.9
107.0
106.2
108.1
132.1
120.8
120.3
117.5
127.0
130.0
115.7
125.1
139.3
146.5
133.6
129.1

130.6
110.3
119.2
110.8
109.3
108.2
111.5
136.8
123.2
124.9
118.4
130.3
131.1
119.6
129.9
145.2
152.2
140.9
132.6

131.3
111.2
122.5
111.4
110.3
109.3
112.5
137.5
123.8
125.4
118.7
130.4
135.4
121.5
129.4
146.2
153.0
141.5
133.9

131.3
110.2
118.3
111.3
109.1
107.9
111.4
137.6
124.2
125.4
119.4
131.5
129.5
120.1
130.2
146.3
153.0
141.7
133.4

0.0
-0.9
-3.4
-0.1
-1.1
-1.3
-1.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.8
-4.4
-1.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.4

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

70,531
57,926
4,279
109
815
3,355
1,799
1,556
53,647
10,964
1,735.2
7,932.6
1,161.4
134.4
1,105
4,667
8,875
17,174
7,915
2,947
12,605

71,902
59,136
4,301
100
834
3,367
1,799
1,568
54,835
11,160
1,754.3
8,075.7
1,198.8
131.3
1,114
4,740
9,159
17,580
8,080
3,002
12,766

71,959
59,197
4,304
100
839
3,365
1,797
1,568
54,893
11,155
1,754.8
8,068.4
1,200.3
131.9
1,116
4,742
9,164
17,618
8,097
3,001
12,762

72,032
59,252
4,309
100
839
3,370
1,797
1,573
54,943
11,150
1,752.3
8,062.6
1,203.2
132.0
1,109
4,747
9,170
17,653
8,110
3,004
12,780

49.4
47.9
21.8
14.1
12.4
27.2
23.3
34.0
53.0
40.5
29.4
50.4
23.8
23.9
40.1
57.0
44.6
77.0
51.7
52.2
57.2

49.7
48.2
21.9
14.7
12.5
27.4
23.5
34.0
53.3
40.7
29.5
50.5
24.4
23.2
40.1
57.0
44.9
77.1
51.9
52.5
57.5

49.6
48.2
21.9
14.7
12.6
27.4
23.5
34.1
53.2
40.7
29.5
50.5
24.4
23.3
40.2
56.9
44.9
77.1
52.0
52.5
57.4

49.6
48.2
21.9
14.7
12.5
27.5
23.5
34.2
53.2
40.7
29.5
50.5
24.4
23.4
40.1
57.0
44.7
77.1
52.0
52.5
57.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

99,566
14,159
559
4,939
8,661
5,327
3,334
85,407
22,777
4,726.7
13,371.6
4,227.3
450.9
2,229
6,334
16,328
19,575
13,467
4,697

100,926
14,105
475
5,034
8,596
5,257
3,339
86,821
23,007
4,754.1
13,550.6
4,247.6
454.3
2,235
6,458
16,669
20,014
13,690
4,748

101,024
14,108
475
5,046
8,587
5,258
3,329
86,916
23,017
4,760.2
13,543.6
4,257.8
455.2
2,242
6,467
16,703
20,053
13,691
4,743

101,124
14,126
480
5,057
8,589
5,259
3,330
86,998
23,005
4,763.4
13,514.3
4,272.0
455.3
2,225
6,478
16,745
20,086
13,713
4,746

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.2
45.6
39.8
41.7
42.1
41.2
32.4
33.7
38.5
30.1
38.9
42.6
35.6
37.1
35.5
32.1
25.0
30.7

33.6
41.2
45.7
39.8
41.8
42.2
41.1
32.3
33.4
38.7
29.6
38.8
42.6
35.7
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.6
41.2
45.8
39.6
42.0
42.4
41.3
32.4
33.5
38.8
29.7
38.6
43.3
35.6
36.8
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.6
41.2
45.6
39.8
41.8
42.2
41.1
32.3
33.4
38.7
29.6
38.6
42.0
35.2
36.8
35.3
32.3
25.0
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.2
4.2

4.3
4.5
4.1

4.4
4.5
4.2

4.4
4.5
4.2

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.23
22.16
26.61
25.43
20.07
21.10
18.39
21.03
18.79
23.75
14.94
20.87
34.66
29.52
25.61
25.05
22.27
12.55
19.14

$21.67
22.75
27.03
26.21
20.56
21.57
18.93
21.45
19.07
24.33
15.03
21.11
35.42
30.32
26.31
25.59
22.59
12.97
19.30

$21.71
22.80
27.13
26.24
20.64
21.64
19.02
21.49
19.10
24.37
15.03
21.13
35.86
30.39
26.33
25.63
22.63
12.98
19.38

$21.73
22.80
26.96
26.24
20.62
21.63
18.99
21.50
19.11
24.33
15.07
21.17
35.35
30.41
26.26
25.69
22.67
13.01
19.38

$715.45
912.99
1,213.42
1,012.11
836.92
888.31
757.67
681.37
633.22
914.38
449.69
811.84
1,476.52
1,050.91
950.13
889.28
714.87
313.75
587.60

$728.11
937.30
1,235.27
1,043.16
859.41
910.25
778.02
692.84
636.94
941.57
444.89
819.07
1,508.89
1,082.42
970.84
903.33
727.40
322.95
594.44

$729.46
939.36
1,242.55
1,039.10
866.88
917.54
785.53
696.28
639.85
945.56
446.39
815.62
1,552.74
1,081.88
968.94
907.30
728.69
323.20
596.90

$730.13
939.36
1,229.38
1,044.35
861.92
912.79
780.49
694.45
638.27
941.57
446.07
817.16
1,484.70
1,070.43
966.37
906.86
732.24
325.25
596.90

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2016 Nov.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111.8
89.1
135.5
98.4
82.9
84.3
80.9
117.8
107.0
107.2
101.9
123.8
98.2
90.6
110.6
129.9
133.9
123.3
101.1

113.0
88.8
115.4
100.3
82.5
83.4
80.9
119.4
107.1
108.3
101.5
124.1
99.0
91.1
112.2
131.9
137.4
124.9
102.6

113.1
88.8
115.6
100.1
82.8
83.8
81.0
119.9
107.5
108.8
101.8
123.7
100.8
91.1
112.0
132.5
137.6
124.9
102.5

113.2
88.9
116.3
100.8
82.4
83.4
80.6
119.7
107.1
108.6
101.3
124.1
97.8
89.4
112.2
132.5
138.3
125.6
102.5

0.1
0.1
0.6
0.7
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.2
-0.4
-0.2
-0.5
0.3
-3.0
-1.9
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.0

1

Nov.
2015

Sept.
2016

Oct.
2016p

Nov.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2016 Nov.
2016p

158.6
121.0
209.6
135.2
108.8
111.0
105.2
170.0
143.4
149.9
130.5
163.9
142.1
132.4
174.3
193.7
196.9
175.8
141.0

163.6
123.7
181.3
142.0
110.9
112.3
108.2
175.7
145.7
155.3
130.8
166.1
146.3
136.7
181.6
200.8
204.8
183.9
144.2

164.1
124.0
182.4
141.8
111.8
113.2
108.9
176.7
146.5
156.1
131.2
165.8
150.9
137.1
181.5
202.1
205.6
184.1
144.7

164.4
124.2
182.4
142.8
111.1
112.6
108.2
176.4
146.0
155.6
130.8
166.7
144.3
134.6
181.3
202.5
206.9
185.5
144.8

0.2
0.2
0.0
0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
0.5
-4.4
-1.8
-0.1
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.