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Title 50 → Chapter I → Subchapter B → Part 16
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Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries
PART 16—INJURIOUS WILDLIFE
Contents
Subpart A—Introduction
§16.1 Purpose of regulations.
§16.2 Scope of regulations.
§16.3 General restrictions.
Subpart B—Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife
§16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.
§16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
§16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or their eggs.
§16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
§16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.
Subpart C—Permits
§16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.
Subpart D—Additional Exemptions
§16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
§16.33 Importation of naturalhistory specimens.
AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42.
SOURCE: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.
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Subpart A—Introduction
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§16.1 Purpose of regulations.
The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C. 42).
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§16.2 Scope of regulations.
The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may
require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and interstate transportation
of wildlife (see also part 13).
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§16.3 General restrictions.
Any importation or transportation of live wildlife or eggs thereof, or dead fish or eggs or salmonids of the fish family
Salmonidae into the United States or its territories or possessions is deemed to be injurious or potentially injurious to the
health and welfare of human beings, to the interest of forestry, agriculture, and horticulture, and to the welfare and survival of
the wildlife or wildlife resources of the United States; and any such importation into or the transportation of live wildlife or
eggs thereof between the continental United States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or
any territory or possession of the United States by any means whatsoever, is prohibited except for certain purposes and
under certain conditions as hereinafter provided in this part: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to
psittacine birds (see also §§16.32 and 16.33 for other exemptions).
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Subpart B—Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife
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§16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of live specimens of: (1) Any species of socalled “flying
fox” or fruit bat of the genus Pteropus; (2) any species of mongoose or meerkat of the genera Atilax, Cynictis, Helogale,
Herpestes, Ichneumia, Mungos, and Suricata; (3) any species of European rabbit of the genus Oryctolagus; (4) any species
of Indian wild dog, red dog, or dhole of the genus Cuon; (5) any species of multimammate rat or mouse of the
genus Mastomys; (6) any raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides; and (7) any brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula:
Provided, that the Director shall issue permits authorizing the importation, transportation, and possession of such mammals
under the terms and conditions set forth in §16.22.
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under
§14.61, all other species of live wild mammals may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit,
for scientific, medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live wild mammals or any progeny
thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of
release or by persons having prior written permission for release from such agency: Provided, That the provisions of this
paragraph shall not apply to live game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is governed by regulations under part
14 of this chapter.
[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 56362, Dec. 16, 1982; 67 FR 39868, June 11, 2002]
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§16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of any live specimen or egg of (1) the species of socalled
“pink starling” or “rosy pastor” Sturnus roseus; (2) the species of dioch (including the subspecies blackfronted, redbilled, or
Sudan dioch) Quelea quelea; (3) any species of Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora; (4) the species of redwhiskered bul
bul, Pycnonotus jocosus: Provided, That the Director shall issue permits authorizing the importation, transportation, and
possession of such live birds under the terms and conditions set forth in §16.22.
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under
§14.61, all species of live wild game, birds may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for
scientific, medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, and the eggs of such birds may be imported,
transported, and possessed, without a permit, for propagating or scientific collection purposes, but no such live wild game
birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having
jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior written permission for release from such agency.
(c) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under
§14.61, all species of live, wild nongame birds (other than those listed in paragraph (a) of this section) may be imported,
transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating
purposes, but no such live, wild nongame birds or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by or under the
direction of State wildlife conservation agencies when such agencies have received prior written permission from the Director
for such release: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to live bald and golden eagles or to live
migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, respectively, or to
birds of the Family Psittacidae (parrots, macaws, cockatoos, parakeets, lories, lovebirds, etc.), the importation and
transportation of which is governed by U.S. Public Health Service regulations under 42 CFR parts 71 and 72.
(d) The importation of the eggs of wild nongame birds is prohibited except as permitted under §16.33.
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§16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or their eggs.
(a) Upon an exporter filing a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under §14.61 of this chapter, live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or parts thereof, or their gametes or fertilized
eggs, may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity without a permit except as follows:
(1) No such live fish, mollusks, crustacean, or any progency or eggs thereof may be released into the wild except by the
State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior written permission
from such agency.
(2) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any of the species listed in this paragraph is prohibited except as
provided under the terms and conditions set forth in §16.22:
(i) Live fish or viable eggs of walking catfish, family Clariidae.
(ii) Live mitten crabs, genus Eriocheir, or their viable eggs.
(iii) Live mollusks, veligers, or viable eggs of zebra mussels, genus Dreissena.
(iv) Any live fish or viable eggs of snakehead fishes of the genera Channa and Parachanna (or their generic synonyms
of Bostrychoides, Ophicephalus, Ophiocephalus, and Parophiocephalus) of the Family Channidae, including but not limited
to:
(A) Channa amphibeus (Chel or Borna snakehead).
(B) Channa argus (Northern or Amur snakehead).
(C) Channa asiatica (Chinese or Northern Green snakehead).
(D) Channa aurantimaculata.
(E) Channa bankanensis (Bangka snakehead).
(F) Channa baramensis (Baram snakehead).
(G) Channa barca (barca or tiger snakehead).
(H) Channa bleheri (rainbow or jewel snakehead).
(I) Channa cyanospilos (bluespotted snakehead).
(J) Channa gachua (dwarf, gaucha, or frog snakehead).
(K) Channa harcourtbutleri (Inle snakehead).
(L) Channa lucius (shiny or splendid snakehead).
(M) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead).
(N) Channa marulius (bullseye, murrel, Indian, great, or cobra snakehead).
(O) Channa maruloides (emperor snakehead).
(P) Channa melanoptera.
(Q) Channa melasoma (black snakehead).
(R) Channa micropeltes (giant, red, or redline snakehead).
(S) Channa nox.
(T) Channa orientalis (Ceylon or Ceylonese Green snakehead).
(U) Channa panaw.
(V) Channa pleurophthalmus (ocellated, spotted, or eyespot snakehead).
(W) Channa punctata (dotted or spotted snakehead).
(X) Channa stewartii (golden snakehead).
(Y) Channa striata (chevron or striped snakehead).
(Z) Parachanna africana (Niger or African snakehead).
(AA) Parachanna insignis (Congo, squarespotted African or light African snakehead).
(BB) Parachanna obscura (dark African, dusky, or squarespotted snakehead).
(v) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following species in family Cyprinidae:
(A) Carassius carassius (crucian carp).
(B) Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp).
(C) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (largescale silver carp).
(D) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp).
(E) Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).
(F) Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp).
(G) Phoxinus phoxinus (Eurasian minnow).
(H) Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko).
(I) Rutilus rutilus (roach).
(vi) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Lates niloticus (Nile perch), family Centropomidae.
(vii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Perccottus glenii (Amur sleeper), family Odontobutidae.
(viii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following species in family Percidae:
(A) Perca fluviatilis (European perch).
(B) Sander lucioperca (zander).
(ix) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Silurus glanis (wels catfish), family Siluridae.
(x) Any live crustacean, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Cherax destructor (common yabby), family Parastacidae.
(3) Notwithstanding §16.32, all Federal agencies shall be subject to the requirements stated within this section. Live or
dead uneviscerated salmonid fish (family Salmonidae), live fertilized eggs, or gametes of salmonid fish are prohibited entry
into the United States for any purpose except by direct shipment accompanied by a certification that: as defined in
paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the fish lots, from which the shipments originated, have been sampled; virus assays have
been conducted on the samples according to methods described in paragraphs (e)(2) through (4); of this section;
and Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious hematopoietic necrosis,
and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been detected in the fish stocks from which the samples were taken. In addition,
live salmonid fish can be imported into the United States only upon written approval from the Director of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service.
(4) All live fish eggs of salmonid fish must be disinfected within 24 hours prior to shipment to the United States.
Disinfection shall be accomplished by immersion for 15 minutes in a 75 part per million (titratable active iodine) non
detergent solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (iodophor) buffered to a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Following disinfection, the eggs
shall be rinsed and maintained in water free of fish pathogens until packed and shipped. Any ice or water used for shipping
shall be from pathogenfree water.
(b)(1) The certification to accompany importations as required by this section shall consist of a statement in the English
language, printed or typewritten, stating that this shipment of dead uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, or live,
disinfected fertilized eggs or gametes of salmonid fish has been tested, by the methods outlined in this section, and none of
the listed viruses were detected. The certification shall be signed in the country of origin by a qualified fish pathologist
designated as a certifying official by the Director.
(2) The certification must contain:
(i) The date and port of export in the country of origin and the anticipated date of arrival in the United States and port of
entry;
(ii) Surface vessel name or number or air carrier and flight number;
(iii) Bill of lading number or airway bill number;
(iv) The date and location where fish, tissue, or fluid samples were collected;
(v) The date and location where virus assays were completed; and
(vi) The original handwritten signature, in ink, of the certifying official and his or her address and telephone number.
(3) Certification may be substantially in the following form:
I, ____, designated by the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on ____ (date), as a certifying official for ____ (country),
as required by Title 50, CFR 16.13, do hereby certify that the fish lot(s) of origin for this shipment of ____ (weight in kilograms) dead
uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid fish eggs disinfected as described in §16.13, or live salmonid gametes
to be shipped under ____ (bill of lading number or airway bill number), were sampled at ____ (location of fish facility) on ____
(sampling date) and the required viral assays were completed on ____ (date assays were completed) at ____ (location where assays
were conducted) using the methodology described in §16.13. I further certify that Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing
viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been detected in viral
assays of the fish lot(s) of origin.
The shipment is scheduled to depart ____ (city and country) on ____ (date), via ____ (name of carrier) with anticipated arrival at
the port of ____ (city), U.S.A., on ____ (date).
(Signature in ink of certifying official)
(Printed name of certifying official)
Date:
Organization employing certifying official:
Mailing address:
City:
State/Province:
Zip Code/Mail Code:
Country:
Office telephone number: International code
Telephone number
Fax number
(c) Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation of dead salmonid fish when such fish have been
eviscerated (all internal organs removed, gills may remain) or filleted or when such fish or eggs have been processed by
canning, pickling, smoking, or otherwise prepared in a manner whereby the Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses
causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have been
killed.
(d) Any fish caught in the wild in North America under a valid sport or commercial fishing license shall be exempt from
sampling and certification requirements and from filing the Declaration for Importation of Wildlife. The Director may enter into
formal agreements allowing the importation of gametes, fertilized eggs, live fish, or dead, uneviscerated fish without
inspection and certification of pathogen status, if the exporting Nation has an acceptable program of inspection and pathogen
control in operation, can document the occurrence and distribution of fish pathogens within its boundaries, and can
demonstrate that importation of salmonid fishes into the United States from that National will not pose a substantial risk to
the public and private fish stocks of the United States.
(e) Fish sampling requirements, sample processing, and methods for virus assays—(1) Fish sampling requirements. (i)
Sampling for virus assays required by this section must be conducted within the six (6) months prior to the date of shipment
of dead uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid eggs, or salmonid gametes to the United States.
Sampling shall be on a lotbylot basis with the samples from each lot distinctively marked, maintained, and processed for
virus assay separately. A fish lot is defined as a group of fish of the same species and age that originated from the same
discrete spawning population and that always have shared a common water supply. In the case of adult broodstock, various
age groups of the same fish species may be sampled as a single lot, provided they meet the other conditions previously
stated and have shared the same container(s) for at least 1 year prior to the sampling date.
(ii) In a sample, or subsample of a given lot, collection of 10 or more moribund fish shall be given first preference. The
remainder of fish required for collection shall be randomly selected live fish from all containers occupied by the lot being
sampled. Moribund fish shall be collected and processed separately from randomly selected fish. In the event the sample is
taken from adult broodstock of different ages that share the same container, first preference shall be given to collecting
samples from the older fish.
(iii) The minimum sample numbers collected from each lot must be in accordance with a plan that provides 95 percent
confidence that at least one fish, with a detectable level of infection, will be collected and will be present in the sample if the
assumed minimum prevalence of infection equals or exceeds 2 percent. A total of 150 fish collected proportionately from
among all containers shared by the lot usually meets this requirement. A sampling strategy based on a presumed pathogen
prevalence of 5 percent (60 fish) may be used to meet sampling requirements for shipments of gametes, fertilized eggs, or
uneviscerated dead fish; provided that in the previous 2 years no disease outbreaks caused by a pathogen of concern have
occurred at the facility from which the shipment originated and all stocks held at the facility have been inspected at least
four times during that period (at intervals of approximately 6 months) and no pathogens of concern detected.
(iv) Fish must be alive when collected and processed within 48 hours after collection. Tissue and fluid samples shall be
stored in sealed, aseptic containers and kept at 4 °Celsius (C.) or on ice but not frozen.
(v) Tissue collection shall be as follows:
(A) Sac Fry and fry to 4 centimeter (cm): Assay entire fish. If present, remove the yolk sac.
(B) Fish 46 cm: Assay entire visceral mass including kidney.
(C) Fish longer than 6 cm: Assay kidney and spleen in approximately equal weight proportions.
(D) Spawning adult broodstock: Assay kidney and spleen tissues from males and/or females and ovarian fluid from
females. Ovarian fluid may comprise up to 50 percent of the samples collected.
(2) General sample processing requirements. (i) Ovarian fluid samples shall be collected from each spawning female
separately. All samples from individual fish shall be measured to ensure that similar quantities from each fish are combined
if samples are pooled. Ovarian fluid samples from no more than five fish may be combined to form a pool.
(ii) Whole fry (less yolk sacs), viscera, and kidney and spleen tissues from no more than five fish may be similarly
pooled.
(iii) Antibiotics and antifungal agents may be added to ovarian fluid or tissue samples to control microbial contaminant
growth at the time of sample collection. Final concentrations shall not exceed 200500 micrograms/milliliter (µg/ml) of
Gentamycin, 800 international units/milliliter (IU/ml) of penicillin, or 800 µg/ml of streptomycin. Antifungal agent
concentrations should not exceed 200 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) of 20 µg/ml of amphotericin B (Fungizone).
(iv) Sample temperature must be maintained between 4 at 15 °C. during processing. Use separate sets of sterile
homogenization and processing equipment to process fluids or tissues from each fish lot sampled. Processing equipment
need not be sterilized between samples within a single lot.
(v) Homogenized tissue samples may be diluted 1:10 with buffered cell culture medium (pH 7.47.8) containing
antibiotics and antifungal agents not exceeding the concentrations described in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section. Centrifuge
tissue suspensions and ovarian fluid samples 4 °C. at 2,500 × gravity (g) (relative centrifugal force) for 15 minutes. Resulting
supernatant solutions can be stored overnight at 4 °C.
(vi) At the time of inoculation onto cell cultures, total dilution of processed tissue samples must not exceed 1:100
((volume to volume) (v/v)); total dilution of ovarian fluid samples must not exceed 1:20 (v/v). In samples inoculated onto cell
cultures, the final antibiotic concentration shall not exceed 100 µg/ml of Gentamicin, 100 IU/ml of penicillin, or 100 µg/ml of
streptomycin and antifungal agent concentrations should not exceed 25 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) or 2.5 µg/ml of
amphotericin B (Fungizone).
(3) Cell culture procedures. (i) Both epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE214) cell
lines must be maintained and used in all virus assays. Susceptible, normal appearing, and rapidly dividing cell cultures shall
be selected. Penicillin (100 IU/ml), streptomycin (100 µg/ml), and antifungal agents, such as mycostatin/Nystatin (25 IU/ml)
or amphotericin B/Fungizone (2.5 µg/ml), are permitted in media used for cell culture and virus assay work.
(ii) Cell cultures shall be seeded and grown, at optimum temperatures, to 8090 percent confluence in 24well plates for
virus assay work.
(iii) Decant the medium from the required number of 24well plates of each cell line, and inoculate four replicate wells per
cell line with .10 ml per well of each processed sample. When all wells have been inoculated, tilt plates to spread the inocula
evenly. Incubate inoculated plates for 1 hour at 15 °C. for sample contact. After the 1 hour contact add cell culture medium.
Medium shall be buffered or cells incubated so that a pH between 7.4 and 7.8 is maintained. All cell culture assays shall be
incubated, without overlays, at 15 °C. for 21 days.
(4) Virus identification by serological methods. All cell cultures showing cytopathic effects (CPE) must be subcultured
onto fresh cell cultures. If CPE is observed, determine the presence and identity the virus by serum neutralization, dot blot,
enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, or other equivalent serological technique.
(f) Information concerning the importation requirements of this section and application requirements for designation as a
certifying official for purposes of this section may be obtained by contacting the Division of Fish and Aquatic Conservation
Programs at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at 7033581878.
(g) The information collection requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Office of Management and
Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 10180078. The information is being collected to
inform U.S. Customs and USFWS inspectors of the contents, origin, routing, and destination of fish and eggs shipments and
to certify that the fish lots were inspected for listed pathogens. The information will be used to protect the health of the
fishery resource. Response is required to obtain a benefit.
[58 FR 58979, Nov. 5, 1993, as amended at 65 FR 37063, June 13, 2000; 67 FR 62203, Oct. 4, 2002; 72 FR 37469, July 10, 2007; 72
FR 59035, Oct. 18, 2007; 76 FR 15858, Mar. 22, 2011; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 67899, Sept. 30, 2016]
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§16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live or dead specimen, including parts, but not eggs or gametes,
of the genera Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus,
Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren,
Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton, including but not limited to, the species listed in this paragraph, is prohibited except as
provided under the terms and conditions set forth at §16.22 of this part:
(1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander).
(2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong firebellied newt).
(3) Cynops cyanurus (bluetailed firebellied newt).
(4) Cynops ensicauda (swordtailed newt).
(5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding firebellied newt).
(6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan).
(7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental firebellied newt).
(8) Cynops orphicus (no common name).
(9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese firebellied newt).
(10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt).
(11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander).
(12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander).
(13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander).
(14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander).
(15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
(16) Hydromantes genei (Sardinian cave salamander).
(17) Hydromantes imperialis (imperial cave salamander).
(18) Hydromantes italicus (Italian cave salamander).
(19) Hydromantes platycephalus (Mount Lyell salamander).
(20) Hydromantes sarrabusensis (no common name).
(21) Hydromantes shastae (Shasta salamander).
(22) Hydromantes strinatii or Speleomantes strinatii (French cave salamander, Strinati's cave salamander).
(23) Hydromantes supramontis (Supramonte cave salamander).
(24) Hynobius abei (Abe's salamander).
(25) Hynobius amakusaensis (Amakusasanshouo).
(26) Hynobius amjiensis (Anji salamander).
(27) Hynobius arisanensis (Arisan hynobid).
(28) Hynobius boulengeri (Odaigahara salamander).
(29) Hynobius chinensis (Chinese salamander).
(30) Hynobius dunni (Oita salamander).
(31) Hynobius formosanus (Taiwan salamander).
(32) Hynobius fucus or Hynobius fuca (Taiwan lesser salamander).
(33) Hynobius glacialis (Nanhu salamander).
(34) Hynobius guabangshanensis (no common name).
(35) Hynobius hidamontanus (Hakuba salamander).
(36) Hynobius hirosei (no common name).
(37) Hynobius katoi (Akaishi sanshouo).
(38) Hynobius kimurae (Hida salamander).
(39) Hynobius leechii (northeastern China hynobiid salamander).
(40) Hynobius lichenatus (northeast salamander).
(41) Hynobius maoershanensis (no common name).
(42) Hynobius naevius (blotched salamander).
(43) Hynobius nebulosus (misty salamander).
(44) Hynobius nigrescens (black salamander).
(45) Hynobius okiensis (Oki salamander).
(46) Hynobius osumiensis (Osumisanshouo).
(47) Hynobius quelpaertensis (no common name).
(48) Hynobius retardatus (Hokkaido salamander).
(49) Hynobius shinichisatoi (Sobosanshouo).
(50) Hynobius sonani (Sonan's hynobiid).
(51) Hynobius stejnegeri (Bekko Sanshouo).
(52) Hynobius takedai (Hokuriku Sanshouo).
(53) Hynobius tokyoensis (Tokyo salamander).
(54) Hynobius tsuensis (Tsushima Sanshouo).
(55) Hynobius turkestanicus (Turkestanian salamander).
(56) Hynobius yangi (no common name).
(57) Hynobius yatsui (no common name).
(58) Hynobius yiwuensis (Yiwu hynobiid).
(59) Ichthyosaura alpestris (alpine newt).
(60) Lissotriton boscai (Bosca's newt).
(61) Lissotriton helveticus (palmate newt).
(62) Lissotriton italicus (Italian newt).
(63) Lissotriton kosswigi (Triton pontue de Kosswig).
(64) Lissotriton lantzi (no common name).
(65) Lissotriton montandoni (Carpathian newt).
(66) Lissotriton vulgaris (smooth newt).
(67) Neurergus crocatus (no common name).
(68) Neurergus derjugini or Neurergus microspilotus (Kurdistan newt).
(69) Neurergus kaiseri (Lorestan newt, Luristan newt, emperor spotted newt, Zagros newt, Iranian harlequin newt, kaiser
newt).
(70) Neurergus strauchii (no common name).
(71) Notophthalmus meridionalis (blackspotted newt).
(72) Notophthalmus perstriatus (striped newt).
(73) Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern newt).
(74) Onychodactylus fischeri (longtailed clawed salamander).
(75) Onychodactylus fuscus (Tadami clawed salamander).
(76) Onychodactylus intermedius (Bandai clawed salamander).
(77) Onychodactylus japonicus (Japanese clawed salamander).
(78) Onychodactylus kinneburi (Shikoku clawed salamander).
(79) Onychodactylus koreanus (KoraiSansyouo).
(80) Onychodactylus nipponoborealis (Riben Bei Zhaoni).
(81) Onychodactylus tsukubaensis (Tsukuba clawed salamander).
(82) Onychodactylus zhangyapingi (Jilin Zhaoni).
(83) Onychodactylus zhaoermii (Liaoning).
(84) Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (spottailed warty newt).
(85) Paramesotriton chinensis (Chinese warty newt).
(86) Paramesotriton deloustali (no common name).
(87) Paramesotriton fuzhongensis (no common name).
(88) Paramesotriton guanxiensis (Guangxi warty newt).
(89) Paramesotriton hongkongensis (no common name).
(90) Paramesotriton labiatus (spotless stout newt).
(91) Paramesotriton longliensis (no common name).
(92) Paramesotriton maolanensis (no common name).
(93) Paramesotriton qixilingensis (no common name).
(94) Paramesotriton wulingensis (no common name).
(95) Paramesotriton yunwuensis (no common name).
(96) Paramesotriton zhijinensis (no common name).
(97) Plethodon ainsworthi (Catahoula salamander, bay springs salamander).
(98) Plethodon albagula (western slimy salamander).
(99) Plethodon amplus (Blue Ridge graycheeked salamander).
(100) Plethodon angusticlavius (Ozark salamander, Ozark zigzag salamander).
(101) Plethodon asupak (Scott Bar salamander).
(102) Plethodon aureolus (Tellico salamander).
(103) Plethodon caddoensis (Caddo Mountain salamander).
(104) Plethodon chattahoochee (Chattahoochee slimy salamander).
(105) Plethodon cheoah (Cheoah bald salamander).
(106) Plethodon chlorobryonis (Atlantic Coast slimy salamander).
(107) Plethodon cinereus (eastern redbacked salamander, redback salamander, salamandre rayée, redbacked
salamander).
(108) Plethodon cylindraceus (whitespotted slimy salamander).
(109) Plethodon dorsalis (zigzag salamander, northern zigzag salamander).
(110) Plethodon dunni (Dunn's salamander).
(111) Plethodon electromorphus (northern ravine salamander).
(112) Plethodon elongatus (Del Norte salamander).
(113) Plethodon fourchensis (Fourche Mountain salamander).
(114) Plethodon glutinosus (slimy salamander, northern slimy salamander).
(115) Plethodon grobmani (southeastern slimy salamander).
(116) Plethodon hoffmani (valley and ridge salamander).
(117) Plethodon hubrichti (Peaks of Otter salamander).
(118) Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene salamander).
(119) Plethodon jordani (Appalachian salamander, redcheeked salamander, Jordan's salamander).
(120) Plethodon kentucki (Kentucky salamander, Cumberland Plateau salamander).
(121) Plethodon kiamichi (Kiamichi slimy salamander).
(122) Plethodon kisatchie (Louisiana slimy salamander).
(123) Plethodon larselli (Larch Mountain salamander).
(124) Plethodon meridianus (South Mountain graycheeked salamander, southern graycheeked salamander).
(125) Plethodon metcalfi (southern graycheeked salamander).
(126) Plethodon mississippi (Mississippi slimy salamander).
(127) Plethodon montanus (northern graycheeked salamander).
(128) Plethodon neomexicanus (Jemez Mountains salamander).
(129) Plethodon nettingi (Cheat Mountain salamander).
(130) Plethodon ocmulgee (Ocmulgee slimy salamander).
(131) Plethodon ouachitae (Rich Mountain salamander).
(132) Plethodon petraeus (Pigeon Mountain salamander).
(133) Plethodon punctatus (whitespotted salamander, cow knob salamander).
(134) Plethodon richmondi (southern ravine salamander, ravine salamander).
(135) Plethodon savannah (Savannah slimy salamander).
(136) Plethodon sequoyah (Sequoyah slimy salamander).
(137) Plethodon serratus (southern redbacked salamander).
(138) Plethodon shenandoah (Shenandoah salamander).
(139) Plethodon sherando (Big Levels salamander).
(140) Plethodon shermani (redlegged salamander).
(141) Plethodon stormi (Siskiyou Mountains salamander).
(142) Plethodon teyahalee (Southern Appalachian salamander).
(143) Plethodon vandykei (Van Dyke's salamander).
(144) Plethodon variolatus (South Carolina slimy salamander).
(145) Plethodon vehiculum (western redbacked salamander).
(146) Plethodon ventralis (southern zigzag salamander).
(147) Plethodon virginia (Shenandoah Mountain salamander).
(148) Plethodon websteri (Webster's salamander).
(149) Plethodon wehrlei (Wehrle's salamander).
(150) Plethodon welleri (Weller's salamander).
(151) Plethodon yonahlossee (Yonahlossee salamander).
(152) Pleurodeles nebulosus (no common name).
(153) Pleurodeles poireti (Algerian newt).
(154) Pleurodeles waltl (Spanish newt).
(155) Salamandra algira (Algerian salamander).
(156) Salamandra atra (alpine salamander).
(157) Salamandra corsica (Corsican fire salamander).
(158) Salamandra infraimmaculata (no common name).
(159) Salamandra lanzai (Lanza's alpine salamander, Salamandra di Lanza).
(160) Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander).
(161) Salamandrella keyserlingii (Siberian newt).
(162) Salamandrella tridactyla (no common name).
(163) Salamandrina perspicillata (northern spectacled salamander).
(164) Salamandrina terdigitata (southern spectacled salamander).
(165) Siren intermedia (lesser siren).
(166) Siren lacertina (greater siren).
(167) Taricha granulosa (roughskinned newt).
(168) Taricha rivularis (redbellied newt).
(169) Taricha sierrae (Sierra newt).
(170) Taricha torosa (California newt).
(171) Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt).
(172) Triturus cristatus (great crested newt).
(173) Triturus dobrogicus (Danube crested newt).
(174) Triturus hongkongensis (no common name)
(175) Triturus ivanbureschi (BalkanAnatolian crested newt, Buresch's crested newt).
(176) Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt).
(177) Triturus macedonicus (no common name).
(178) Triturus marmoratus (marbled newt).
(179) Triturus pygmaeus (pygmy marbled newt).
(180) Triturus vittatus (no common name).
(181) Tylototriton anguliceps (angularheaded newt).
(182) Tylototriton asperrimus (black knobby newt).
(183) Tylototriton broadoridgus (no common name).
(184) Tylototriton dabienicus (no common name).
(185) Tylototriton daweishanensis (no common name).
(186) Tylototriton hainanensis (Hainan knobby newt).
(187) Tylototriton kweichowensis (redtailed knobby newt).
(188) Tylototriton liuyangensis (no common name).
(189) Tylototriton lizhenchangi (Mangshan crocodile newt).
(190) Tylototriton notialis (no common name).
(191) Tylototriton panhai (no common name).
(192) Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus (southern Sichuan crocodile newt).
(193) Tylototriton shanjing (Yunnan newt).
(194) Tylototriton shanorum (no common name).
(195) Tylototriton taliangensis (Thailand newt).
(196) Tylototriton uyenoi (no common name).
(197) Tylototriton verrucosus (Himalayan newt).
(198) Tylototriton vietnamensis (no common name).
(199) Tylototriton wenxianensis (Wenxian knobby newt).
(200) Tylototriton yangi (Tiannan crocodile newt).
(201) Tylototriton ziegleri (Ziegler's crocodile newt).
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under
§14.61 of this chapter, all other species of amphibians may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity, without a
permit, for scientific, medical, education, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such amphibians or any progeny or
eggs thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area
of release or by persons having prior written permission for release from such agency.
[81 FR 1554, Jan. 13, 2016]
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§16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live specimen, gamete, viable egg, or hybrid of the species
listed in this paragraph is prohibited except as provided under the terms and conditions set forth at §16.22:
(1) Boiga irregularis (brown tree snake).
(2) Python molurus (including P. molurus molurus (Indian python) and P. molurus bivittatus (Burmese python)).
(3) Python reticulatus, Broghammerus reticulatus, or Malayopython reticulatus (reticulated python).
(4) Python sebae (Northern African python or African rock python).
(5) Python natalensis (Southern African python or African rock python).
(6) Eunectes notaeus (yellow anaconda).
(7) Eunectes deschauenseei (DeSchauensee's anaconda).
(8) Eunectes murinus (green anaconda).
(9) Eunectes beniensis (Beni anaconda).
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required under
§14.61, all other species of live reptiles or their eggs may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity, without a
permit, for scientific, medical, educational, exhibitional or propagating purposes, but no such live reptiles or any progency or
eggs thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area
of release or by persons having prior written permission for release from such agency.
[55 FR 17441, Apr. 25, 1990, as amended at 77 FR 3366, Jan. 23, 2012; 80 FR 12745, Mar. 10, 2015]
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Subpart C—Permits
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§16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.
The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a
permit authorizing the importation into or shipment between the continental United States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any possession of the United States of injurious wildlife (See subpart B of this part) for
zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes.
(a) Application requirements. Submit applications for permits to import, transport, or acquire injurious wildlife for such
purposes to the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the address listed for the Division of Management
Authority at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Submit applications in writing on a Federal Fish and Wildlife License/Permit application (Form 3
200) and attach all of the following information:
(1) The number of specimens and the common and scientific names (genus and species) of each species of live wildlife
proposed to be imported or otherwise acquired, transported and possessed;
(2) The purpose of such importation or other acquisition, transportation and possession;
(3) The address of the premises where such live wildlife will be kept in captivity;
(4) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous experience in caring for and handling captive wildlife.
(b) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B, permits to
import or ship injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes shall be subject to the following
conditions:
(1) All live wildlife acquired under permit and all progeny thereof, must be confined in the approved facilities on the
premises authorized in the permit.
(2) No live wildlife, acquired under permit, or any eggs or progeny thereof, may be sold, donated, traded, loaned, or
transferred to any other person unless such person has a permit issued by the Director under §16.22 authorizing him to
acquire and possess such wildlife or the eggs or progeny thereof.
(3) Permittees shall notify the nearest Special AgentinCharge (see §10.22 of this chapter) by telephone or other
expedient means within 24 hours following the escape of any wildlife imported or transported under authority of a permit
issued under this section, or the escape of any progeny of such wildlife, unless otherwise specifically exempted by terms of
the permit.
(c) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit to import or ship
injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes:
(1) Whether the wildlife is being imported or otherwise acquired for a bona fide scientific, medical, educational, or
zoological exhibition purpose;
(2) Whether the facilities for holding the wildlife in captivity have been inspected and approved, and consist of a basic
cage or structure of a design and material adequate to prevent escape which is maintained inside a building or other facility
of such structure that the wildlife could not escape from the building or other facility after escaping from the cage or structure
maintained therein;
(3) Whether the applicant is a responsible person who is aware of the potential dangers to public interests posed by
such wildlife, and who by reason of his knowledge, experience, and facilities reasonably can be expected to provide
adequate protection for such public interests; and
(4) If such wildlife is to be imported or otherwise acquired for zoological or aquarium exhibition purposes, whether such
exhibition or display will be open to the public during regular appropriate hours.
(d) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements contained in this part 16
under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Number 10180093. The Service may not conduct or sponsor, and you are
not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. We are
collecting this information to provide information necessary to evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to
review permit applications and make decisions, according to criteria established in various Federal wildlife conservation
statutes and regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or retain
a permit. We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to average 2 hours per response, including
time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the forms. Direct comments
regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection
Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 30786, July 15, 1982; 63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]
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Subpart D—Additional Exemptions
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§16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation, without a permit, of any live wildlife by Federal
agencies solely for their own use, upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of
entry as required under §14.61: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to bald and golden eagles or
their eggs, or to migratory birds or their eggs, the importations of which are governed by regulations under parts 22 and 21 of
this chapter, respectively.
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§16.33 Importation of naturalhistory specimens.
Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation, without a permit, of dead naturalhistory specimens
of wildlife or their eggs for museum or scientific collection purposes: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not
apply to dead migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations under parts 20 and 21 of this chapter; to
dead game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is governed by regulations under part 14 of this chapter; or to
dead bald and golden eagles or their eggs, the importation of which is governed by regulations under part 22 of this chapter.
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