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The Cyber Resilience Review is based on the Cyber Resilience Evaluation Method and the
CERT® Resilience Management Model (CERT-RMM), both developed at Carnegie Mellon
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2 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Generate Report
Print Report
Organization Information
Facilitator:
Name
Phone
Email
Date of Cyber Resilience Review
(Please use popup calendar)
Name of Organization/Business Unit
Sector
Critical Service
Physical Location:
City
State
Alabama
Critical Service Point of Contact:
Name
Phone
Email
3 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
1 Asset Management
1 Asset Management
The purpose of Asset Management is to identify, document, and manage assets during their life
cycle to ensure sustained productivity to support critical services.
Goal 1 – Services are identified and prioritized.
Yes Incomplete
No
1.
Is the organizations mission, vision, values and purpose,
including the organizations place in critical infrastructure,
identified and communicated? [EF:SG1.SP1]
c
2.
Are the organization's mission objectives and activities
prioritized? [EF:SG1.SP3]
c
3.
Are services identified? [SC:SG2.SP1]
c
4.
Are services prioritized based on analysis of the potential impact
if the services are disrupted? [SC:SG2.SP1]
c
Goal 2 – Assets are inventoried, and the authority and
responsibility for these assets is established.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are the assets that directly support the critical service
inventoried? [ADM:SG1.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Do asset descriptions include protection and sustainment
requirements? [ADM:SG1.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are both owners and custodians of assets documented in asset
descriptions? [ADM:SG1.SP3]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are the physical locations of assets (both within and outside the
organization) documented in the asset inventory?
[ADM:SG1.SP3]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
4 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1 Asset Management
Goal 3 – The relationship between assets and the services
they support is established.
1.
2.
2.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Have change criteria been established for asset descriptions?
[ADM:SG3.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are asset descriptions updated when changes to assets occur?
[ADM:SG3.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Goal 5 – Access to assets is managed.
1.
Incomplete
Are the associations between assets and the critical service they
support documented? [ADM:SG2.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are confidentiality, integrity, and availability requirements
established for each service-related asset? [RRD:SG2.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Goal 4 – The asset inventory is managed.
1.
Yes
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Is access to assets granted based on their protection
requirements? [AM:SG1.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are access requests reviewed and approved by the asset owner?
[AM:SG1.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
5 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
c
c
1 Asset Management
3.
4.
Are access privileges reviewed to identify excessive or
inappropriate privileges? [AM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are access privileges modified as a result of reviews?
[AM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Goal 6 – Information assets are categorized and managed
to ensure the sustainment and protection of the critical
service.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.
3.
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are information assets categorized based on sensitivity and
potential impact to the critical service (such as public, internal
use only, secret)? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
Is the categorization of information assets monitored and
enforced? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
Are there policies and procedures for the proper labeling and
handling of information assets? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
Are all staff members who handle information assets (including
those who are external to the organization, such as contractors)
trained in the use of information categories? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
Are high-value information assets backed-up and retained?
[KIM:SG6.SP1]
Do guidelines exist for properly disposing of information
assets? [KIM:SG4.SP3]
Is adherence to information asset disposal guidelines monitored
and enforced? [KIM:SG4.SP3]
Goal 7 – Facility assets supporting the critical service are
prioritized and managed.
1.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are facilities prioritized based on potential impact to the critical
service, to identify those that should be the focus of protection
and sustainment activities? [EC:SG1.SP1]
Is the prioritization of facilities reviewed and validated?
[EC:SG1.SP1]
Are protection and sustainment requirements of the critical
service considered during the selection of facilities?
[EC:SG2.SP2]
6 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
1 Asset Management
Yes
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
MIL5-Defined
2.
3.
4.
c
Have stakeholders for asset management activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have asset management standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
c
c
2.
3.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are asset management activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are asset management activities periodically reviewed to
ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of asset management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the asset
management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform asset
management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform asset management
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned asset
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing asset management
activities?
Is there a documented policy for asset management?
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of asset
management activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to asset management activities documented
and shared across the organization?
7 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
1 Asset Management
Other Observations – Asset Management
8 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
2 Controls Management
2 Controls Management
The purpose of Controls Management is to identify, analyze, and manage controls in a critical
service’s operating environment.
Goal 1 – Control objectives are established.
Yes Incomplete
No
1.
2.
Have control objectives been established for assets required for
delivery of the critical service? [CTRL:SG1.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are control objectives prioritized according to their potential to
affect the critical service? [CTRL:SG1.SP1]
Goal 2 – Controls are implemented.
1.
2.
2.
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are control designs analyzed to identify gaps where control
objectives are not adequately satisfied? [CTRL:SG3.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
As a result of the controls analysis, are new controls introduced
or existing controls modified to address gaps? [CTRL:SG3.SP1]
Goal 4 – The internal control system is assessed to ensure
control objectives are met.
1.
c
Have controls been implemented to achieve the control
objectives established for the critical service? [CTRL:SG2.SP1]
Goal 3 – Control designs are analyzed to ensure they
satisfy control objectives.
1.
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Is the performance of controls assessed on a scheduled basis to
verify they continue to meet control objectives?
[CTRL:SG4.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
As a result of scheduled assessments, are new controls
introduced or existing controls modified to address problem
areas? [CTRL:SG4.SP1]
9 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
c
2 Controls Management
MIL2-Planned
Yes
1.
Is there a plan for performing controls management activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for controls management?
3.
Have stakeholders for controls management activities have been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have controls management standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
MIL5-Defined
2.
3.
4.
c
c
c
2.
3.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are controls management activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are controls management activities periodically reviewed to
ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of controls management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
controls management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform controls
management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform controls management
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned controls
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of controls
management activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to controls management documented and
shared across the organization?
10 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
2 Controls Management
Other Observations – Controls Management
11 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
3 Configuration and Change Management
3 Configuration and Change Management
The purpose of Configuration and Change Management is to establish processes to ensure the
integrity of assets using change control and change control audits.
Goal 1 – The life cycle of assets is managed.
Yes Incomplete
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Is a change management process used to manage
modifications to assets? [ADM:SG3.SP2]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are resilience requirements evaluated as a result of changes
to assets? [RRM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is capacity management and planning performed for assets?
[TM:SG5.SP3]
Are change requests tracked to closure? [TM:SG4.SP3]
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Are stakeholders notified when they are affected by changes
to assets? [ADM:SG3.SP2]
Goal 2 – The integrity of technology and information
assets is managed.
1.
c
c
Yes
Is configuration management performed for technology
assets? [TM:SG4.SP2]
Are techniques in use to detect changes to technology
assets? [TM:SG4.SP3]
Are modifications to technology assets reviewed?
[TM:SG4.SP2; TM:SG4.SP3]
Are integrity requirements used to determine which staff
members are authorized to modify information assets?
[KIM:SG5.SP1]
Is the integrity of information assets monitored?
[KIM:SG5.SP3]
Are unauthorized or unexplained modifications to
technology assets addressed? [TM:SG4.SP2; TM:SG4.SP3]
Are modifications to technology assets tested before being
committed to production systems? [TM:SG4.SP4]
Has a process for managing access to technology assets
been implemented? [TM:SG4.SP1]
Incomplete
No
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
12 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
3 Configuration and Change Management
Goal 3 – Asset configuration baselines are established.
1.
2.
Yes
MIL2-Planned
2.
c
c
MIL3-Managed
No
c
4.
Have stakeholders for change management activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have change management standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
c
c
Yes
MIL4-Measured
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing change
management activities?
Is there a documented policy for change management?
c
3.
1.
MIL5-Defined
No
Do technology assets have configuration baselines?
[TM:SG4.SP2]
Is approval obtained for proposed changes to baselines?
[TM:SG4.SP3]
Yes
1.
Incomplete
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
c
c
c
2.
Incomplete
No
Are change management activities periodically reviewed
and measured to ensure they are effective and producing
intended results?
Are change management activities periodically reviewed to
ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of change management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
change management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform change
management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform change management
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned change
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of
change management activities from which operating units
can derive practices that fit their unique operating
circumstances?
Are improvements to change management documented and
shared across the organization?
Incomplete
No
c
c
13 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
3 Configuration and Change Management
Other Observations – Configuration and Change Management
14 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
4 Vulnerability Management
4 Vulnerability Management
The purpose of Vulnerability Management is to identify, analyze, and manage vulnerabilities in a
critical service’s operating environment.
Goal 1 – Preparation for vulnerability analysis and
Yes Incomplete
No
resolution activities is conducted.
1.
2.
Has a vulnerability analysis and resolution strategy been
developed? [VAR: SG1.SP2]
Goal 2 – A process for identifying and analyzing
vulnerabilities is established and maintained.
1.
2.
3.
c
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is there a standard set of tools and/or methods in use to identify
vulnerabilities in assets? [VAR: SG1.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Have sources of vulnerability information been identified?
[VAR: SG2.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is the information from these sources kept current? [VAR:
SG2.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are vulnerabilities being actively discovered? [VAR: SG2.SP2]
Information
Technology
Facilities
15 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
4 Vulnerability Management
4.
5.
6.
Are vulnerabilities categorized and prioritized? [VAR:
SG2.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are vulnerabilities analyzed to determine relevance to the
organization? [VAR: SG2.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is a repository used for recording information about
vulnerabilities and their resolution? [VAR: SG2.SP2]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Goal 3 – Exposure to identified vulnerabilities is
managed.
1.
2.
3.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are actions taken to manage exposure to identified
vulnerabilities? [VAR: SG3.SP1]
Is the effectiveness of vulnerability mitigation reviewed? [VAR:
SG3.SP1]
Is the status of unresolved vulnerabilities monitored? [VAR:
SG3.SP1]
Goal 4 – The root causes of vulnerabilities are addressed.
1.
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are underlying causes for vulnerabilities identified (through
root-cause analysis or other means) and addressed? [VAR:
SG4.SP1]
16 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
4 Vulnerability Management
Yes
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
2.
3.
4.
c
Have stakeholders for vulnerability management activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have vulnerability management standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
c
c
2.
3.
MIL5-Defined
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are vulnerability management activities periodically reviewed
and measured to ensure they are effective and producing
intended results?
Are vulnerability management activities periodically reviewed
to ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of vulnerability management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
vulnerability management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform vulnerability
management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform vulnerability management
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned vulnerability
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing vulnerability
management activities?
Is there a documented policy for vulnerability management?
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of
vulnerability management activities from which operating units
can derive practices that fit their unique operating
circumstances?
Are improvements to vulnerability management activities
documented and shared across the organization?
17 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
4 Vulnerability Management
Other Observations – Vulnerability Management
18 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
5 Incident Management
5 Incident Management
The purpose of Incident Management is to establish processes to identify and analyze events,
detect incidents, and determine an organizational response.
Goal 1 – A process for identifying, analyzing, responding
Yes Incomplete
No
to, and learning from incidents is established.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Does the organization have a plan for managing incidents?
[IMC:SG1.SP1]
Is the incident management plan reviewed and updated?
[IMC:SG1.SP1]
Are the roles and responsibilities in the plan included in job
descriptions? [IMC:SG1.SP2]
Have staff been assigned to the roles and responsibilities
detailed in the incident management plan? [IMC:SG1.SP2]
Goal 2 – A process for detecting, reporting, triaging, and
analyzing events is established.
1.
Are events detected and reported? [IMC:SG2.SP1]
2.
Is event data logged in an incident knowledgebase or similar
mechanism? [IMC:SG2.SP2]
Are events categorized? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
3.
4.
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
c
5.
Are events analyzed to determine if they are related to other
events? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
Are events prioritized? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
6.
Is the status of events tracked? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
7.
Are events managed to resolution? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
8.
Have requirements (rules, laws, regulations, policies, etc.) for
identifying event evidence for forensic purposes been
identified? [IMC:SG2.SP3]
Is there a process to ensure event evidence is handled as
required by law or other obligations? [IMC:SG2.SP3]
c
c
c
c
c
c
9.
c
c
Goal 3 – Incidents are declared and analyzed.
Yes
1.
Are incidents declared? [IMC:SG3.SP1]
2.
Have criteria for the declaration of an incident been established?
[IMC.SG3.SP1]
Are incidents analyzed to determine a response?
[IMC:SG3.SP2]
3.
Incomplete
No
c
c
c
19 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
5 Incident Management
Goal 4 – A process for responding to and recovering
from incidents is established.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are incidents escalated to stakeholders for input and resolution?
[IMC:SG4.SP1]
Are responses to declared incidents developed and implemented
according to pre-defined procedures? [IMC:SG4.SP2]
Are incident status and response communicated to affected
parties? [IMC:SG4.SP3]
Are incidents tracked to resolution? [IMC:SG4.SP4]
c
c
c
c
Goal 5 – Post-incident lessons learned are translated into
improvement strategies.
1.
2.
3.
Yes
Incomplete
No
Is analysis performed to determine the root causes of incidents?
[IMC:SG5.SP1]
Is there a link between the incident management process and
other related processes (problem management, risk
management, change management, etc.)? [IMC:SG5.SP2]
Are lessons learned from incident management used to improve
asset protection and service continuity strategies?
[IMC:SG5.SP3]
20 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
5 Incident Management
MIL2-Planned
Yes
1.
2.
3.
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
MIL5-Defined
2.
3.
4.
c
c
c
2.
3.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are incident management activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are incident management activities periodically reviewed to
ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of incident management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
incident management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform incident
management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform incident management
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned incident
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing incident
management activities?
Is there a documented policy for incident management?
Have stakeholders for incident management activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have incident management standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of incident
management activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to incident management activities
documented and shared across the organization?
21 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
5 Incident Management
Other Observations – Incident Management
22 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
6 Service Continuity Management
6 Service Continuity Management
The purpose of Service Continuity Management is to ensure the continuity of essential
operations of services and their associated assets if a disruption occurs as a result of an incident,
disaster, or other disruptive event.
Goal 1 – Service continuity plans for high-value services
Yes Incomplete
No
are developed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Are service continuity plans developed and documented for
assets required for delivery of the critical service?
[SC:SG3.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are service continuity plans developed using established
standards, guidelines, and templates? [SC:SG3.SP2]
Are staff members assigned to execute specific service
continuity plans? [SC:SG3.SP3]
Are key contacts identified in the service continuity plans?
[SC:SG2.SP2]
Are service continuity plans stored in a controlled manner and
available to all those who need to know? [SC:SG3.SP4]
Are availability requirements such as recovery time objectives
and recovery point objectives established? [TM:SG5.SP1]
Goal 2 – Service continuity plans are reviewed to resolve
conflicts between plans.
1.
2.
3.
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are plans reviewed to identify and resolve conflicts?
[SC:SG4.SP2]
c
Goal 3 - Service continuity plans are tested to ensure they
meet their stated objectives.
1.
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Have standards for testing service continuity plans been
implemented? [SC:SG5.SP1]
Has a schedule for testing service continuity plans been
established? [SC:SG5.SP1]
Are service continuity plans tested? [SC:SG5.SP3]
c
c
c
4.
5.
Are backup and storage procedures for high-value information
assets tested? [KIM:SG6.SP1]
Are test results compared with test objectives to identify needed
improvements to service continuity plans? [SC:SG5.SP4]
23 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
6 Service Continuity Management
Goal 4 – Service continuity plans are executed and
reviewed
1.
2.
3.
Yes
MIL2-Planned
2.
3.
4.
c
c
c
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
c
Have stakeholders for service continuity activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have service continuity standards and guidelines been identified
and implemented?
c
c
MIL5-Defined
2.
Incomplete
No
Is there management oversight of the performance of the service
continuity activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform service continuity
activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform service continuity
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned service
continuity activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are service continuity activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are service continuity activities periodically reviewed to ensure
they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of service continuity?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing service continuity
activities?
Is there a documented policy for service continuity?
Yes
1.
No
Have conditions been identified that trigger the execution of the
service continuity plan? [SC:SG6.SP1]
Is execution of service continuity plans reviewed?
[SC:SG6.SP2]
Are improvements identified as result of executing service
continuity plans? (SC:SG7.SP2)
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of service
continuity activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to service continuity documented and shared
across the organization?
24 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
6 Service Continuity Management
Other Observations – Service Continuity Management
25 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
7 Risk Management
7 Risk Management
The purpose of Risk Management is to identify, analyze, and mitigate risks to critical service
assets that could adversely affect the operation and delivery of services.
Goal 1 – A strategy for identifying, analyzing, and
Yes Incomplete
No
mitigating risks is developed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Have sources of risk that can affect operations been identified?
[RISK: SG1.SP1]
Have categories been established for risks? [RISK: SG1.SP1]
c
Has a plan for managing operational risk been established?
[RISK: SG1.SP2]
Is the plan for managing operational risk communicated to
stakeholders? [RISK: SG1.SP2]
c
c
Goal 2 – Risk tolerances are identified, and the focus of
risk management activities is established.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
2.
No
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are operational risks that could affect delivery of the critical
service identified? [RISK: SG3.SP2]
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are risks analyzed to determine potential impact to the critical
service? [RISK: SG4.SP1]
c
Is a disposition (accept, transfer, mitigate, etc.) assigned to
identified risks? [RISK: SG4.SP3]
c
Goal 5 – Risks to assets and services are mitigated and
controlled.
1.
Incomplete
c
Yes
Goal 4 – Risks are analyzed and assigned a disposition.
1.
Yes
Have impact areas been identified, such as reputation, financial
health, and regulatory compliance? [RISK: SG2.SP2]
Have impact areas been prioritized to determine their relative
importance? [RISK: SG2.SP2]
Have risk tolerance parameters been established for each impact
area? [RISK: SG2.SP2]
Are risk tolerance thresholds, which trigger action, defined for
each category of risk? [RISK: SG2.SP1]
Goal 3 – Risks are identified.
1.
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are plans developed for risks that the organization decides to
mitigate? [RISK: SG5.SP1]
Are identified risks tracked to closure? [RISK: SG5.SP2]
26 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
7 Risk Management
Yes
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
MIL5-Defined
2.
3.
4.
c
Have stakeholders for risk management activities have
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have risk management activities standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
c
c
2.
3.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are risk management activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are risk management activities periodically reviewed to ensure
they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of risk management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the risk
management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform risk management
activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform risk management activities
as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned risk
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing risk management
activities?
Is there a documented policy for risk management?
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of risk
management activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to risk management documented and shared
across the organization?
27 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
7 Risk Management
Other Observations – Risk Management
28 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
8 External Dependencies Management
8 External Dependencies Management
The purpose of External Dependencies Management is to establish processes to manage an
appropriate level of controls to ensure the sustainment and protection of services and assets that
are dependent on the actions of external entities.
Goal 1 – External dependencies are identified and
prioritized to ensure sustained operation of high-value
Yes Incomplete
No
services.
1.
2.
3.
Are dependencies on external relationships that are critical to
the service identified? [EXD:SG1.SP1]
Has a process been established for creating and maintaining a
list of external dependencies? [EXD:SG1.SP1]
Are external dependencies prioritized? [EXD:SG1.SP2]
Goal 2 – Risks due to external dependencies are
identified and managed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
c
Incomplete
No
Are risks due to external dependencies identified and managed?
[EXD:SG2.SP1]
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Have resilience requirements of the critical service been
established that apply specifically to each external dependency?
[EXD:SG3.SP2]
Are these requirements reviewed and updated? [EXD:SG3.SP2]
c
c
Is the ability of external entities to meet resilience requirements
of the critical service considered in the selection process?
[EXD:SG3.SP3]
Are resilience requirements included in formal agreements with
external entities? [EXD:SG3.SP4]
Goal 4 – Performance of external entities is managed.
1.
c
Yes
Goal 3 – Relationships with external entities are formally
established and maintained.
1.
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Is the performance of external entities monitored against
resilience requirements? [EXD:SG4.SP1]
Has responsibility been assigned for monitoring external entity
performance (as related to resilience requirements)?
[EXD:SG4.SP1]
Are corrective actions taken as necessary to address issues with
external entity performance (as related to resilience
requirements)? [EXD:SG4.SP2]
Are corrective actions evaluated to ensure issues are remedied?
[EXD:SG4.SP2]
29 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
8 External Dependencies Management
Goal 5 – Dependencies on public services and
infrastructure service providers are identified.
1.
2.
Yes
MIL2-Planned
2.
3.
4.
c
c
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
c
c
c
MIL5-Defined
2.
Incomplete
No
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
external dependency management activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform external
dependency management activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform external dependency
management activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of external dependency
management activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are external dependency management activities periodically
reviewed and measured to ensure they are effective and
producing intended results?
Are external dependency management activities periodically
reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to external
dependency management?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing external dependency
management activities?
Is there a documented policy for external dependency
management?
Have stakeholders for external dependency management
activities been identified and made aware of their roles?
Have external dependency management activities standards and
guidelines been identified and implemented?
Yes
1.
No
Are public services on which the critical service depends (fire
response and rescue services, law enforcement, etc.) identified?
[EC:SG4.SP3]
Are infrastructure providers on which the critical service
depends (telecommunications and telephone services, energy
sources, etc.) identified? [EC:SG4.SP4]
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of the
external dependency management activities from which
operating units can derive practices that fit their unique
operating circumstances?
Are improvements to external dependency management
documented and shared across the organization?
c
c
30 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
8 External Dependencies Management
Other Observations – External Dependencies Management
31 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
9 Training and Awareness
9 Training and Awareness
The purpose of training and awareness is to promote awareness in and develop skills and
knowledge of people in support of their roles in attaining and sustaining operational sustainment
and protection.
Goal 1 – Cyber security awareness and training
Yes Incomplete
No
programs are established.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Have cyber security awareness needs been identified for the
critical service? [OTA:SG1.SP1]
Have required skills been identified for specific roles
(administrators, technicians, etc.) for the critical service?
[HRM:SG1.SP2]
Are skill gaps present in personnel responsible for cyber
security identified? [OTA:SG3.SP1]
Have training needs been identified? [OTA:SG3.SP1]
Goal 2 – Awareness and training activities are conducted.
1.
2.
3.
4.
c
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Are cyber security awareness activities for the critical service
conducted? [OTA:SG2.SP1]
Are cyber security training activities for the critical service
conducted? [OTA:SG4.SP1]
Is the effectiveness of the awareness and training programs
evaluated? [OTA:SG2.SP3, OTA:SG4.SP3]
Are awareness and training activities revised as needed?
[OTA:SG1.SP3 and OTA:SG3.SP3]
32 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
c
9 Training and Awareness
MIL2-Planned
Yes
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing training activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for training?
3.
Have stakeholders for training activities been identified and
made aware of their roles?
Have training standards and guidelines been identified and
implemented?
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
MIL5-Defined
2.
3.
4.
c
c
c
2.
3.
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are training activities periodically reviewed and measured to
ensure they are effective and producing intended results?
Are training activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are
adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the
performance of training?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of the
training activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform training activities
as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform training activities as
planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned training
activities identified, analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and
controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of the
training activities from which operating units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to training documented and shared across the
organization?
33 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
9 Training and Awareness
Other Observations – Training and Awareness
34 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
10 Situational Awareness
10 Situational Awareness
The purpose of Situational Awareness is to actively discover and analyze information related to
immediate operational stability and security and to coordinate such information across the
enterprise to ensure that all organizational units are performing under a common operating
picture.
Goal 1 – Threat monitoring is performed.
Yes Incomplete
No
1.
2.
3.
Has responsibility for monitoring sources of threat information
been assigned? [MON:SG1.SP2]
Have threat monitoring procedures been implemented?
[MON:SG2.SP2]
Have resources been assigned and trained to perform threat
monitoring? [MON:SG2.SP3]
Goal 2 – The requirements for communicating threat
information are established.
1.
2.
2.
3.
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Have internal stakeholders (such as the critical service owner
and incident management staff) been identified to whom threat
information must be communicated? [COMM:SG1.SP1]
Have external stakeholders (such as emergency management
personnel, regulatory, and information sharing organizations)
been identified to whom threat information must be
communicated? [COMM:SG1.SP1]
Goal 3 – Threat information is communicated.
1.
c
c
c
Yes
Incomplete
No
Is threat information communicated to stakeholders?
[COMM:SG3.SP2]
Have resources been assigned authority and accountability for
communicating threat information? [COMM:SG2.SP3]
Have resources been trained with respect to their specific role in
communicating threat information? [COMM:SG2.SP3]
35 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
c
10 Situational Awareness
Yes
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
4.
MIL3-Managed
MIL4-Measured
2.
3.
4.
c
Have stakeholders for situational awareness activities been
identified and made aware of their roles?
Have situational awareness standards and guidelines been
identified and implemented?
c
c
2.
3.
MIL5-Defined
2.
No
c
c
c
c
Incomplete
No
Are situational awareness activities periodically reviewed and
measured to ensure they are effective and producing intended
results?
Are situational awareness activities periodically reviewed to
ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to
situational awareness?
c
c
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there management oversight of the performance of situational
awareness activities?
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform situational
awareness activities as planned?
Is there adequate funding to perform situational awareness
activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned situational
awareness activities identified, analyzed, disposed of,
monitored, and controlled?
Yes
1.
No
c
Yes
1.
Incomplete
Is there a documented plan for performing situational awareness
activities?
Is there a documented policy for situational awareness?
Incomplete
No
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of the
situational awareness activities from which operating units can
derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
Are improvements to situational awareness activities
documented and shared across the organization?
36 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
c
c
10 Situational Awareness
Other Observations – Situational Awareness
37 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
PLEASE USE THE BUTTONS BELOW TO GENERATE
AND PRINT THE REPORT
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CYBER RESILIENCE REVIEW
SELF-ASSESSMENT REPORT
FOR
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4
About This Report ........................................................................................................................ 5
Cyber Resilience Review Results ................................................................................................. 6
Summary of Results ...................................................................................................................... 9
1
Asset Management ........................................................................................................... 11
2
Controls Management ..................................................................................................... 26
3
Configuration and Change Management ...................................................................... 37
4
Vulnerability Management ............................................................................................. 47
5
Incident Management ...................................................................................................... 60
6
Service Continuity Management .................................................................................... 75
7
Risk Management ............................................................................................................ 89
8
External Dependency Management ............................................................................. 103
9
Training and Awareness ............................................................................................... 116
10
Situational Awareness ................................................................................................... 125
List of Resources Referenced in this Report .......................................................................... 134
2 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Notification
This report is provided “as is” for informational purposes only. The Department of
Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any
information contained within. In no event shall the United States Government or its
contractors or subcontractors be liable for any damages, including but not limited to,
direct, indirect, special or consequential damages and including damages based on any
negligence of the United States Government or its contractors or subcontractors, arising
out of, resulting from, or in any way connected with this report, whether or not based upon
warranty, contract, tort, or otherwise, whether or not injury was sustained from, or arose
out of the results of, or reliance upon the report.
The DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, including the subject of the
analysis in this report. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or
services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or
imply their endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by DHS.
The display of the DHS official seal or other DHS visual identities on this report shall not
be interpreted to provide the recipient organization authorization to use the official seal,
insignia or other visual identities of the Department of Homeland Security. The DHS seal,
insignia, or other visual identities shall not be used in any manner to imply endorsement of
any commercial product or activity by DHS or the United States Government. Use of the
DHS seal without proper authorization violates federal law (e.g., 18 U.S.C. §§ 506, 701,
1017), and is against DHS policies governing usage of its seal.
3 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Cyber Resilience Review Report for
Organization Name
Introduction
On , conducted a Cyber Resilience Review (CRR) Self-Assessment. Answers to questions about
On month day, year, organization name conducted a Cyber Resilience Review (CRR) Selfcybersecurity practices were gathered from key stakeholders within and scored.
Assessment. Answers to questions about cybersecurity practices were gathered from key
stakeholders within dynamic link to organization name and scored.
Overview and Scope of the CRR
The CRR consists of a one-day, structured facilitation and interview of key personnel. The
primary goal of the CRR is to develop an understanding and qualitative measurement of essential
cyber security capabilities. Personnel are asked to describe how these capabilities are
institutionalized and managed, and how these capabilities are applied to support the organization
during times of stress. The assessment questions asked participants to articulate evidence
regarding both performances of cyber security practices as well as sustainment of those practices
over time. Individual organizations are examined for specific capacities and capabilities in
defining, managing, and measuring cyber security practices and behaviors, as described in
categories. The categories examined are:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Asset Management
Controls Management
Configuration and Change Management
Vulnerability Management
Incident Management
Service Continuity Management
Risk Management
External Dependencies Management
Training and Awareness
Situational Awareness
The categories examined are derived from a larger security and business continuity framework
known as the CERT® Resilience Management Model (CERT-RMM), which was developed by the
CERT Program at Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute.
4 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
About This Report
The CRR has a service orientation, meaning that one of the foundational principles of its design is
The CRR has a service orientation, meaning that one of the foundational principles of its design is
the idea that an organization deploys its people, information, technology and facilities to support
the idea that an organization deploys its people, information, technology and facilities to support
specific operational missions. During the CRR, this focus on services is how improves its
specific operational missions. During the CRR, this focus on services is how organization name
understanding of the cyber security management of services that support critical infrastructure. This
improves its understanding of the cyber security management of services that support critical
improved
understanding
helps the
organizationhelps
focusthe
itsorganization
efforts in improving
infrastructure.
This improved
understanding
focus its cyber
effortssecurity
in improving
management.
cyber security management.
For
For this
this assessment,
assessment, the
the critical
critical infrastructure
infrastructure service
service is
is .critical service.
This report summarizes the assessment findings and provides your organization with options for
consideration in each category. The options for consideration aim to provide general guidelines or
activities as to how your organization can improve the organization’s cyber security posture and
preparedness. These options are not meant to fully represent all activities needed for a robust cyber
security management program, but to provide initial guidance on how to incorporate various cyber
security practices including CERT® Resilience Management Model (CERT-RMM), National
Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), and other cyber security standards.
Please note that guidance provided in this report includes National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) Special Publications. While the primary audience for these documents is
United States Federal Civilian Agencies, NIST encourages the adoption of these guidelines by
State, local, and tribal governments, as well as private sector organizations. Additionally, while the
CRR bases its questions and options for consideration on CERT-RMM, the results do not
constitute a formal “rating” and should not be interpreted as a formal appraisal of your organization
against CERT-RMM. Detailed information about the RMM can be found at
www.cert.org/resilience. Options for Consideration appearing in italics have been derived from
the Specific Goals (SG) and Specific Practices (SP) sections of the CERT-RMM.
5 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Cyber Resilience Review Results
The CRR is an interview-based assessment. It is understood that participants often do not have
complete knowledge of an organization’s operations. Actual performance may vary from what is
indicated in this report. Organizational performance is presented across several dimensions within
the report. Scores are provided for individual Practices, Goals, and Domains.
Basic Rules
1. Practices are either performed (answer =”Yes”), incompletely performed (answer =
“Incomplete”), or not performed (answer = “No”)
2. A goal is achieved only if all practices are performed
3. A Domain is achieved at MIL-1 if all the Goals in the Domain are achieved
4. A Domain can be achieved at higher levels if the MIL questions for each level (MIL-2
through MIL-5) are answered.
Scoring Rubric
Step 1
Each Practice in a Domain is scored as the following:
performed when the question is answered with a “Yes” (green)
x
not performed when a question is answered with an “Incomplete” (yellow) or “No” (red)
x
or “Not Answered” (grey)
if “Not Answered” (grey) is shown, the question was left blank and is scored the same as a
x
“No”
Step 2
Each Goal within the Domain is then scored as the following:
achieved when all practices are performed (green)
x
partially achieved when some practices are performed (yellow)
x
not achieved when no practices are performed (red)
x
Step 3
Each Domain is assigned a MIL level based on the following:
MIL-0 if only some of the goals are achieved
x
MIL-1 if all of the goals are achieved
x
MIL-2 if MIL-1 is achieved and all of the MIL-2 questions are answered YES
x
MIL-3 if MIL-2 is achieved and all of the MIL-3 questions are answered YES
x
MIL-4 if MIL-3 is achieved and all of the MIL-4 questions are answered YES
x
MIL-5 if MIL-4 is achieved and all of the MIL-5 questions are answered YES
x
6 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Maturity Indicator Levels
Maturity Indicator Levels (MIL) are assigned by Domain and represent a consolidated view of
performance. CERT-RMM MILs describe attributes that would be indicative of mature capabilities
as represented in the model’s capability levels. However, they do not fully represent capability levels
as defined because a capability level can only be assigned through a formal appraisal process, not as
the result of using an assessment-based instrument.
MIL0 Incomplete
Indicates that Practices in the Domain are not being performed as measured by responses to the
relevant CRR questions. If MIL0 is assigned, no further assessment of maturity indicator is
performed.
MIL1 Performed
Indicates that all Practices in a Domain are being performed as measured by responses to the relevant
CRR questions. MIL1 means that there is sufficient and substantial support for the existence of the
practices.
MIL2 Planned
Indicates that all Practices in Domain are not only performed, but are supported by sufficient
planning, stakeholders, and relevant standards and guidelines. A planned process/practice is
established by the organization (Is the practice documented and communicable to all who
x
need to know?)
planned (Is the practice performed according to a documented plan?)
x
supported by stakeholders (Are the stakeholders of the practice known and are they aware of
x
the practice and their role in the practice?)
supported by relevant standards and guidelines (Have the standards and guidelines that
x
support the practice been identified and implemented?)
MIL3 Managed
Indicates that all Practices in a Domain are performed, planned, and have the basic infrastructure in
place to support the process. A managed process/practice
is governed by the organization (Is the practice supported by policy and is there appropriate
x
oversight over the performance of the practice?)
is appropriately staffed and funded (Are the staff and funds necessary to perform the
x
practice as intended available?)
is assigned to staff who are responsible and accountable for the performance of the practice
x
(Have staff been assigned to perform the practice and are they responsible and accountable
for the performance of the practice?)
x
is performed by staff who are adequately trained to perform the practice (Are the staff who
perform the practice adequately skilled and trained to perform the practice?)
7 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
x
produces work products that are expected from performance of the practice and are placed
under appropriate levels of configuration control (Does the practice produce artifacts and
work products that are expected from performing the practice, and if so, are the
configurations of these artifacts/work products managed?)
x
is managed for risk (Are risks related to the performance of the practice identified, analyzed,
disposed of, monitored, and controlled?)
MIL4 Measured
Indicates that all Practices in a Domain are performed, planned, managed, monitored, and controlled.
A measured process/practice is
x
x
x
x
periodically evaluated for effectiveness (Is the practice periodically reviewed to ensure that
it is effective and producing intended results?)
monitored and controlled (Are appropriate implementation and performance measures
identified, applied, and analyzed?)
objectively evaluated against its practice description and plan (Is the practice periodically
evaluated to ensure that it adheres to the practice description and the plan for the practice?)
periodically reviewed with higher-level management (Is higher-level management aware of
any issues related to the performance of the practice?)
MIL5 Defined
Indicates that all Practices in a Domain are performed, planned, managed, monitored, controlled, and
consistent across all internal[1] constituencies who have a vested interest in the performance of the
practice. A defined process/practice ensures that the organization reaps the benefits of consistent
performance of the practice across organizational units and that all organizational units can benefit
from improvements realized in any organizational unit. At MIL5, a process/practice
is defined by the organization and tailored by organizational units for their use (Is there an
x
organization-sponsored definition of the practice from which organizational units can derive
practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?)
x
is supported by improvement information that is collected by and shared among
organizational units for the overall benefit of the organization (Are practice improvements
documented and shared across internal constituencies so that the organization as a whole
reaps benefits from these improvements?)
[1] In this case, “internal” refers to constituencies over which the organization has direct managerial control.
8 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Situational Awareness
Training and Awareness
External Dependencies Management
Risk Management
Service Continuity Management
Incident Management
Vulnerability Management
Configuration and Change Management
Controls Management
Asset Management
Summary of Results
9 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
10 Situational Awareness
9 Training and Awareness
8 External Dependencies Management
7 Risk Management
6 Service Continuity Management
5 Incident Management
4 Vulnerability Management
3 Configuration and Change Management
2 Controls Management
1 Asset Management
G1
G2
G1
G1
G1
G3
G2
G2
G1
G2
G1
G1
G4
G6
G2
MIL-1
G3
G2
G4
G1
G3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
MIL-5
G2
MIL-4
MIL-5
10 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
G3 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-1
MIL-3
G2 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G5 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G5 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G5 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G3 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-1
G4
G4
G3
MIL-3
G7 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
MIL-2
G1
MIL-1
G3
MIL-1
G2
MIL-1
G3
G3
MIL-1
G1
G2
MIL-1
G5
MIL-1
MIL-1
Overview of CRR Results
Asset Management
1
G1
Asset Management
G2
MIL-1
G3 G4 G5
G6
G7
IL1
MIL-2
IL2 IL3
IL4
IL1
MIL-3
IL2 IL3
IL4
MIL-4
IL1 IL2 IL3
MIL-5
IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Services are identified and prioritized.
1.
Is the organizations mission, vision, values and purpose, including the organizations place
in critical infrastructure, identified and communicated? [EF:SG1.SP1]
2.
Are the organization's mission objectives and activities prioritized? [EF:SG1.SP3]
3.
Are services identified? [SC:SG2.SP1]
4.
Are services prioritized based on analysis of the potential impact if the services are
disrupted? [SC:SG2.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EF:SG1.SP1] Identify the organization’s mission, vision, values, and purpose. From a
resilience management perspective, the identification, comprehension, and communication
of the organization’s strategic objectives provides essential and necessary guidance and
direction for the operational resilience management process. Effective operational
resilience ensures that the organization can reach its strategic objectives.
Additional References:
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 PM-8
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EF:SG1.SP3] Prioritize and document the organizations strategic objectives. In order to
appropriately scope the organization’s operational resilience management process and
corresponding operational resilience management activities, the high-value services of the
organization that support the strategic objectives must be identified, prioritized, and
communicated as a common target for success.
Affinity analysis between the organization’s strategic objectives and services is a means to
help the organization prioritize services and to identify high-value services that must be
made resilient.
Additional References:
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4 PM-11
11 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Asset Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG2.SP1] Identify the organization’s high-value services, associated assets, and
activities. A fundamental risk management principle is to focus on activities to protect and
sustain services and assets that most directly affect the organization’s ability to achieve its
mission.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems", Page
15-18
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG2.SP1] Prioritize and document the list of high-value services that must be
provided if a disruption occurs. Consideration of the consequences of the loss of highvalue organizational services is typically performed as part of a business impact analysis.
In addition, the consequences of risks to high-value services are identified and analyzed in
risk assessment activities. The organization must consider this information when
prioritizing high-value services.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems", Page
16-18
Goal 2 – Assets are inventoried, and authority and responsibility for these assets is
established.
1.
Are the assets that directly support the critical service inventoried? [ADM:SG1.SP1]
2.
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Do asset descriptions include protection and sustainment requirements? [ADM:SG1.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
3.
Are both owners and custodians of assets documented in asset descriptions?
[ADM:SG1.SP3]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
12 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Asset Management
4.
Are the physical locations of assets (both within and outside the organization) documented
in the asset inventory? [ADM:SG1.SP3]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG1.SP1] Identify and inventory high-value assets. An organization must be able
to identify its high-value assets, document them, and establish their value in order to
develop strategies for protecting and sustaining assets commensurate with their value to
services.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems", Page 2-3
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG1.SP2] Update the asset database with asset profile information. All
information relevant to the asset (collected from the asset profile) should be contained with
the asset in its entry in the asset database. Strategies to protect and sustain an asset may be
documented as part of the asset profile.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG1.SP3] Document and describe the owner of each asset on the asset profile. The
organization should also, to the extent possible, identify relevant custodians for each highvalue asset.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems", Page 19-21
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG1.SP3] Document and describe the physical location of the asset and the
custodian of the asset.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems" Page 19-24
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Asset Management
Goal 3 – The relationship between assets and the services they support is established.
1.
2.
Are the associations between assets and the critical service they support documented?
[ADM:SG2.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are confidentiality, integrity, and availability requirements established for each servicerelated asset? [RRD:SG2.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG2.SP1] Assign assets in the asset database to one or more services. The
relationship between assets and the services they support must be understood in order to
effectively develop, implement, and manage resilience strategies that support the
accomplishment of the service’s mission.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems", Page 21
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[RRD:SG2.SP1] Document confidentiality, integrity, and availability requirements for
each service-related asset. The needs of the organization are satisfied by consistent and
efficient performance of services. These services depend on the contributions and support
of assets to meet their missions. Thus, the resilience of these assets is paramount to mission
assurance.
Additional References
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and
Information Systems, Page 2
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Asset Management
Goal 4 – The asset inventory is managed.
1.
Have change criteria been established for asset descriptions? [ADM:SG3.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
2.
Are asset descriptions updated when changes to assets occur? [ADM:SG3.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG3.SP1] Develop and document criteria for establishing when a change in asset
inventory must be considered. Ensure that these criteria are commensurate with the
organization’s risk tolerances.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems", Page 21
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG3.SP2] Document the asset changes by updating asset profiles and the asset
database.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal
Information Systems", Page 26
Goal 5 – Access to assets is managed.
1.
2.
Is access to assets granted based on their protection requirements? [AM:SG1.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are access requests reviewed and approved by the asset owner? [AM:SG1.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
15 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Asset Management
3.
Are access privileges reviewed to identify excessive or inappropriate privileges?
[AM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
4.
Are access privileges modified as a result of reviews? [AM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[AM:SG1.SP1] Access privileges are assigned and approved by asset owners based on the
role of the person, object, or entity that is requesting access. Asset owners are the persons
or organizational units, internal or external to the organization, who have primary
responsibility for the viability, productivity, and resilience of a high-value organizational
asset. It is the owner’s responsibility to ensure that requirements for protecting and
sustaining assets are defined for assets under their control. In part, these requirements are
satisfied by defining and assigning access privileges that are commensurate with the
requirements. Therefore, the asset owner is responsible for granting and revoking access
privileges to an identity based on the identity’s role and the asset’s resilience requirements.
To be successful, asset owners must be aware of identities that need access to their assets
and must evaluate the need with respect to business and resilience requirements before
granting approval.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations", AC-1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[AM:SG1.SP1] Access requests should be sponsored by an appropriate person in the
organization (i.e., a supervisor or manager) and should be directly submitted to and
approved by the owner of the assets (or their agents) to which access is being requested.
Access requests should include proper justification for the request and should be approved
by the sponsor of the request.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" AC-1
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Asset Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[AM:SG1.SP3] The mismanagement of access privileges is a major source of potential
risks and vulnerabilities to the organization. Because assets and the identity community
that needs access to the assets are pervasive across the organization, and in some cases
extend beyond the organization, the ability to ensure that only authorized identities have
appropriate privileges is an ongoing challenge. The organization must establish
responsibility for regular review of access privileges and a process for correcting
inconsistencies.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" AC-2
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[AM:SG1.SP3] Asset owners should document any inconsistencies or misalignment in
access privileges. Owners should identify privileges that are:
• excessive
• out of alignment with the identity’s role or job responsibility
• assigned but never approved by the asset owner
• in violation of the asset’s resilience requirements
Owners should also identify identities that may have been provisioned with access
privileges but are no longer considered as valid identities. A disposition for each
inconsistency or misalignment should be documented, as well as the actions that need to be
taken to correct these issues.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" AC-2
Goal 6 – Information assets are prioritized and managed to ensure the sustainment and
protection of the critical service.
1
Are information assets categorized based on sensitivity and potential impact to the critical
service (such as public, internal use only, secret)? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
2
Is the categorization of information assets monitored and enforced? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
3
Are there policies and procedures for the proper labeling and handling of information
assets? [KIM:SG1.SP2]
4
Are all staff members who handle information assets (including those who are external to
the organization, such as contractors) trained in the use of information categories?
[KIM:SG1.SP2]
5
6
7
Are high-value information assets backed-up and retained ? [KIM:SG6.SP1]
Do guidelines exist for properly disposing of information assets? [KIM:SG4.SP3]
Is adherence to information asset disposal guidelines monitored and enforced?
[KIM:SG4.SP3]
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Asset Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG1.SP2] Assign sensitivity categorization levels to information assets.
This practice typically occurs when the information asset is defined. The categorization
level should be kept as part of the definition of the information asset in the asset inventory.
Additional References
FIPS Publication 200 "Minimum Security Requirements for Federal information and
information Systems", Page 2
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG2.SP2] Establish and implement administrative controls for information assets.
Administrative controls for protecting information assets include information security
policies that govern the behavior of users, including policies for the proper sensitivity
categorization of information assets.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 45-48
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG1.SP2] Establish policies for proper handling of information assets according to
the sensitivity categorization scheme. Establish policies and procedures for proper labeling
for each category of information asset.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" MP-3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG1.SP2] Assign responsibility for the assignment of sensitivity categorization
levels to information assets. All staff who handle information assets (including those who
are external to the organization) should be trained in the organization’s sensitivity
categorization scheme and be authorized to assign a categorization level. Training should
also be provided for proper handling of each category of information asset.
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Asset Management
Q5
Q6
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG6.SP1] Develop information asset backup and retention procedures.Information
asset backup and retention procedures should include:
• standards for the frequency of backup and storage (which may be established and
connected to the organization’s configuration management of information assets) and the
retention period for each information asset
• the types and forms of information asset retention (paper, CDs, tapes, etc.)
• the identification of organization-authorized storage locations and methods, as well as
guidelines for appropriate proximity of these storage locations
• procedures for accessing stored copies of information assets
• standards for the protection and environmental control of information assets in storage
(particularly if the assets are stored in locations not owned by the organization)
• standards for the testing of the validity of the information assets to be used in restorative
activities
• periodic revision of the guidelines as operational conditions change
The application of these guidelines should be based on the value of the asset and its
availability requirements during an emergency, which may be indicated by a service
continuity plan.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-9
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG4.SP3] Develop and implement guidelines for the appropriate disposition of
information assets. Communicate these guidelines to all staff who are responsible for the
resilience of information assets.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations", Page MP-6
Q7
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG4.SP3] Communicate these guidelines to all staff who are responsible for
theresilience of information assets. Proper disposition of information assets is highly
dependent on the type of asset, its form, its sensitivity categorization, and other factors
such as whether the disposition must be logged or tracked.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 10-13
Goal 7 – Facility assets supporting the critical service are prioritized and managed.
1
Are facilities prioritized based on potential impact to the critical service, to identify those
that should be the focus of protection and sustainment activities? [EC:SG1.SP1]
2
3
Is the prioritization of facilities reviewed and validated? [EC:SG1.SP1]
Are protection and sustainment requirements of the critical service considered during the
selection of facilities? [EC:SG2.SP2]
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Asset Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EC:SG1.SP1] Prioritize facility assets. The prioritization of facility assets is necessary so
that the organization can ensure it focuses protection and sustainability activities on
facilities that have the most potential for impacting the organization if they are disrupted or
destroyed. Unlike other organizational assets, facilities tend to be “hubs” of services; that
is, many services tend to be performed in or supported by a single facility. An example of
this would be a data center where many application systems (and their associated hardware,
software, and network components) support a number of organizational services. Because
the loss of a facility can have widespread cascading effects on a number of services, the
organization should consider this strongly when prioritizing facility assets. One means for
supporting this criterion is to review the mapping between services and facility assets. This
information may also be gathered as the result of a business impact analysis activity at the
organizational unit level
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems", Page
17
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EC:SG1.SP1] Periodically validate and update the list of high-value facility assets based
on operational and organizational environment changes.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[EC:SG2.SP2] A specific subset of controls should be considered during the design,
construction, or leasing of facility assets. These controls are typically technical or physical
in nature and are focused on sustaining the operability and viability of facilities, thus
contributing to a facility’s operational resilience.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations", PE-16, PE-17, PE-18
MIL2-Planned
1
2
3
Is there a documented plan for performing asset management activities?
Is there a documented policy for asset management?
Have stakeholders for asset management activities been identified and made aware of their
roles?
4
Have asset management standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
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Asset Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider planning for asset management. This involves developing a plan for performing
the process to ensure that an accurate inventory of assets is developed and maintained and
can form a foundation for managing operational resilience. Developing and maintaining an
asset inventory may be challenging because most organizations have a significant number
of assets. Thus, the plan must address how the inventory will be taken and maintained at
various levels of the organization. For practicality, most organizations may take inventory
at an organizational unit level and have a method or tool to aggregate the inventory at an
enterprise level.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring policies and procedures, including the documentation of assets and
for establishing asset ownership and custodianship. The asset management policy should
address
• responsibility, authority, and ownership for performing process activities, including
collecting and
documenting asset inventory information
• the association of assets to core organizational services, and the prioritization of assets in
the inventory
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders, which are individuals who are involved in various tasks
in the asset management process, such as
• planning for the process
• creating an asset inventory baseline
• creating asset profiles
• associating assets with services and analyzing asset-service dependencies
• reviewing and appraising the effectiveness of process activities
• resolving issues in the process
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring standards, and guidelines, including procedures, standards, and
guidelines for:
• documenting asset descriptions and relevant information
• describing and identifying asset owners
• describing and identifying asset custodians
• the development of criteria to provide guidance on asset inventory updating,
reconciliation, and change control
• the association of assets to core organizational services, and the prioritization of assets in
the inventory
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations.
Q4
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Asset Management
MIL3-Managed
1
Is there management oversight of the performance of the asset management activities?
2
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform asset management activities as planned?
3
4
Is there adequate funding to perform asset management activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned asset management activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the asset management process as needed to
ensure that:
• newly acquired assets are included in the inventory
• assets that have been modified are reflected accurately in the inventory
• assets that have been retired are removed from the inventory
• asset-service mapping is accurate and current
• ownership and custodianship over assets are established and documented
• change control processes are operating appropriately to minimize discrepancies between
the organization’s asset base and the asset inventory
• access to the asset inventory is being limited to only authorized staff
• status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a timely manner
• asset and service dependency issues are referred to the risk management process when
necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• administrative, technical, and physical controls are operating as intended
• controls are meeting the stated intent of the resilience requirements
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in skills required in the asset
management process. Examples of these skills include:
• knowledge of the tools, techniques, and methods necessary to identify and inventory
high-value assets.
• knowledge unique to each type of asset that is required to identify and inventory each
type
• knowledge necessary to work effectively with asset owners and custodians
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop effective requirements, plans, and programs for the process
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Asset Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that asset management activities are adequately funded. Considerations
for funding the asset management process should extend beyond the initial development of
the asset inventory to the maintenance of the inventory. Initial costs may be higher if the
organization does not have a formal or usable asset baseline to serve as a foundation.
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk arising from insufficient asset management practices.
Discrepancies result when assets are acquired, modified, or retired but not reflected
accurately in the asset inventory. Assets form the foundation for operational resilience
management, as because they are the target of strategies required to protect and sustain
services. To the extent that the asset definition and management process results in
inventory discrepancies, the organization’s overall ability to manage operational resilience
is impeded.
MIL4-Measured
1
Are asset management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2
Are asset management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the
plan?
3
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of asset
management?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Consider measuring the asset management process against its process description,
standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
Q2
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the asset management process against its
process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
Q3
Consider reviewing the activities, status, and results of the asset management process with
higher-level managers and resolve issues.
MIL5-Defined
1
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of asset management activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2
Are improvements to asset management activities documented and shared across the
organization?
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Asset Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to asset management, that includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational
unit or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting asset management work products, measures, measurement results, and
improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to support
future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Asset Management
Other Observations – Asset Management
25 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Controls Management
2
Controls Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
G3
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Control objectives are established.
1.
2.
Have control objectives been established for assets (technology, information, facilities,
and people) required for delivery of the critical service? [CTRL:SG1.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are control objectives prioritized according to their potential to affect the critical service?
[CTRL:SG1.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG1.SP1] Define and document control objectives that result from management
directives and guidelines. Affinity analysis of directives and guidelines may be useful in
identifying categories of control objectives.
These are examples of control objectives:
• prevent unauthorized use of purchase orders
• ensure adequate supplies of materials
• establish an enterprise architecture for information technology
• develop and communicate policies regarding standards of ethical behavior
• identify and assess risks that may cause material misstatements of financial records
• educate and train staff
• manage external entity relationships
• establish a compliance program
Additional References
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and
Information Systems Page 2
26 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Controls Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG1.SP1] The intent of prioritization is to determine the control objectives that
most need attention because of their potential to affect operational resilience. Assigning a
relative priority to each control objective or category aids in determining the level of
resources to apply when defining, analyzing, assessing, and addressing gaps in controls
(refer to CTRL:SG2, SG3, and SG4). Management directives and guidelines can be used
to establish criteria for prioritizing control objectives.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 14-15 Managing for Enterprise Security Page 15
Goal 2 – Controls are implemented.
1.
Have controls been implemented to achieve the control objectives established for the
critical service? [CTRL:SG2.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG2.SP1] Establish enterprise-level controls to satisfy control objectives. These
can be a combination of controls that already exist, controls that need to be updated, and
new controls that need to be implemented.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 14-15
Goal 3 – Control designs are analyzed to ensure they satisfy control objectives.
1.
2.
Are control designs analyzed to identify gaps where control objectives are not adequately
satisfied? [CTRL:SG3.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
As a result of the controls analysis, are new controls introduced or existing controls
modified to address gaps? [CTRL:SG3.SP1]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG3.SP1] Analyze existing controls against control objectives.Identify gaps
where enterprise control objectives for the resilience of services and assets and service
control objectives are not adequately satisfied by existing controls.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology
Systems" Section 2.4 and Section 3.2
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG3.SP1] Identify updates to existing controls and proposed new controls to
address gaps. This includes identifying gaps where the control objective’s priority does
not warrant further investment in updated or new controls.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology
Systems" Section 3
Goal 4 – The internal control system assessed to ensure control objectives are met.
1.
2.
Is the performance of controls assessed on a scheduled basis to verify they continue to
meet control objectives? [CTRL:SG4.SP1]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
As a result of scheduled assessments, are new controls introduced or existing controls
modified to address problem areas? [CTRL:SG4.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG4.SP1] Perform control assessments. Performing periodic assessment of the
internal control system is necessary to ensure that controls continue to meet control
objectives, that control objectives continue to implement strategies for protecting and
sustaining services (and their supporting assets), and that resilience requirements are
satisfied.Various assessment techniques can be used ranging from informal, selfassessments to more structured formal assessments against established standards. Affinity
analysis, interviews, and surveys may provide useful insight. In addition, results from
business impact analyses, risk assessments, and internal audits and external audits (refer to
the Compliance process area) can contribute.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security RiskOrganization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 46-48
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Controls Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[CTRL:SG4.SP1] Identify updates to existing controls and proposed new controls to
address problem areas. Organizations can realize efficiencies of scale by requiring specific
controls for a given type of asset. For example, standardizing desktop and laptop system
configurations or deploying access control systems across a range of technology assets that
support multiple high-value services can reduce the cost of controls.
Straightforward changes can be addressed by service and asset owners and the line of
business and organizational unit managers to whom they report. For more complex
changes that require broader organizational planning and coordination, a remediation plan
may be required.
Remediation plans should address:
• the actions the organization must take to ensure that controls satisfy control objectives
effectively and efficiently
• changes to the internal control system
• assignment of responsibility and authority to perform the work
• schedule and costs to perform the work
• documentation of risk mitigation strategies and residual risks
The actions called for in remediation plans must be tracked to closure. Plans are updated as
required. Any changes to existing controls and the addition of any new controls may result
in the need for a reassessment
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 48
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
Is there a plan for performing controls management activities?
Is there a documented policy for controls management?
Have stakeholders for controls management activities have been identified and made aware
of their roles?
4.
Have controls management standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing and maintaining a plan for controls management. The plan for the
controls management process should be directly influenced by the management directives
and guidelines and resilience requirements that serve as the basis for defining control
objectives.
The plan for the controls management process should not be confused with remediation
plans for changes to the internal control system that require broad organizational planning
and coordination. The plan for the controls management process details how the
organization will perform controls management, including the development of remediation
plans.
Subpractice:
• Define and document the plan for performing the process.
• Define and document the process description.
• Review the plan with relevant stakeholders and get their agreement.
• Revise the plan as necessary.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a policy for controls management. The controls management policy
should address:
• responsibility, authority, and ownership for performing process activities
• procedures, standards, and guidelines for
- defining and selecting control objectives
- prioritizing control objectives
- evaluating and acquiring tools for monitoring the performance of controls
- analyzing and assessing controls
- identifying gaps in controls and approaches for addressing them
- identifying redundant and conflicting controls
- identifying risks associated with problems in the internal control system
• periodically assessing the internal control system
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying and documenting stakeholders of the controls management process.
Stakeholders of the controls management process include those that are responsible for
control objectives and controls, oversee the controls management process, and are involved
in any aspect of ensuring the effectiveness of the internal control system and managing
risks resulting from unresolved problems.Stakeholders of the compliance process are also
stakeholders of the controls management process for controls that directly support
compliance process activities and the fulfillment of compliance obligations.
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Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing standards and guidelines for controls management.
• affinity analysis methods for categorizing control objectives and analyzing controls
• methods for prioritizing control objectives
• techniques and tools for developing and maintaining traceability between control
objectives and controls
• methods for conducting surveys and interviews
• methods and techniques for identifying and addressing gaps in controls as well as
conflicting and
redundant controls
• methods, techniques, and tools for control analysis and assessment
• methods, techniques, and tools for coordinating process activities across organizational
units and lines of
business
• methods, techniques, and tools for collecting, analyzing, validating, and managing
information about the
internal control system
• monitoring, auditing, and other assessment techniques to identify problem areas
• methods and tools for managing changes to controls
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the controls management activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform controls management activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform controls management activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned controls management activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting oversight of controls management activities. These are examples of
controls management work products placed under control:
• management directives and guidelines
• control objectives and their priorities
• enterprise-, service-, and asset-level controls
• traceability matrix of control objectives and controls, including responsible staff
• analysis and assessment results, including control gaps
• updates to existing controls
• proposed new controls
• redundant and conflicting controls
• risks related to unsatisfied control objectives
• risks related to redundant and conflicting controls
• remediation plans
• updates to service continuity plans
• process plan
• policies and procedures
• contracts with external entities
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in the skills necessary to perform
controls management. These are examples of skills required in the controls management
process:
• knowledge of the tools, techniques, and methods necessary to analyze, assess, and
manage the internal control system, including those necessary to perform the process using
the selected methods, techniques, and tools
• knowledge unique to each control objective
• knowledge necessary to successfully remediate control gaps, problem areas,
redundancies, and conflicts
• knowledge necessary to work effectively with asset and service owners and custodians
• oral and written communication skills to prepare reports on the effectiveness of the
internal control system and defend these reports if required
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop effective control objectives and controls
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that controls management activities are adequately funded.
Considerations for funding the process should extend beyond the initial development of
controls to the maintenance of the system of internal controls, which includes evaluation of
control effectiveness.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that risk arising from the failure of controls management is identified,
assessed, and mitigated.
Q4
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MIL4-Measured
1.
Are controls management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are controls management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to
the plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of controls
management?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the controls management process. These are examples of metrics for
the controls management process:
• number of controls and number of controls by category
• percentage of control objectives that are fully satisfied by existing controls
• percentage of controls that span multiple control objectives
• percentage of controls that require updates; percentage of control objectives that are
affected by updated controls
• percentage of proposed new controls; percentage of control objectives that are affected by
proposed new controls
• percentage of redundant controls; percentage of control objectives that are affected by
redundant controls
• percentage of conflicting controls; percentage of control objectives that are affected by
conflicting controls
• time and resources expended to conduct an analysis of controls (establish the baseline)
• time and resources expended to conduct an assessment of controls (periodic)
• number of problem areas resulting from the assessment of controls
• number of problem areas escalated to higher-level managers for review
• percentage of control objectives requiring remediation plans
• percentage of controls that have been fully automated
• timeliness of resolving control gaps (implementation of control updates and proposed
new controls; resolution of redundant and conflicting controls)
• reduction in number of controls
• number of process risks referred to the risk management process; number of risks where
corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider reviewing the controls management activities. Periodic reviews of the controls
management process are needed to ensure that
• control objectives are satisfied and continue to be satisfied across time and in the face of
changing business and risk conditions
• control problem areas have been identified and remediated
• risks related to control problem areas have been identified, properly referred, and
addressed
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider reviewing issues with performance of controls management. Reviews of the
controls management process may result from periodic assessment or post-event audits that
seek to identify problems that must be corrected. Elevating the results of these assessments
and audits to managers provides an opportunity to correct controls management process
deficiencies and to make managers aware of variations in the process that not only have
localized impact but may also affect the organization’s resilience as a whole.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of controls management activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to controls management documented and shared across the
organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to controls management, that
includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting controls management work products, measures, measurement results,
and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to support
future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Other Observations – Controls Management
36 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Configuration and Change Management
3
Configuration and Change Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G3 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – The life cycle of assets is managed.
1.
Is a change management process used to manage modifications to assets? [ADM:SG3.SP2]
2.
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are resilience requirements evaluated as a result of changes to assets? [[RRM:SG1.SP3]
Information
Technology
Facilities
3.
4.
5.
Is capacity management and planning performed for assets? [TM:SG5.SP3]
Are change requests tracked to closure? [TM:SG4.SP3]
Are stakeholders notified when they are affected by changes to assets? [ADM:SG3.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG3.SP2] Maintain a requirement change history with rationale for performing the
changes. Change management for resilience requirements is a continuous process and
therefore requires that the organization effectively assign responsibility and accountability
for it. The organization must independently monitor that the change management process is
operational and that asset-level resilience requirements have been updated on a regular
basis so that they remain in direct alignment with organizational drivers.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
37 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Configuration and Change Management
Q2
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[RRM:SG1.SP3] Evaluate the impact of requirement changes on existing activities and
commitments for protecting and sustaining assets and services. The organization must
independently monitor that the change management process is operational and that assetlevel resilience requirements have been updated on a regular basis so that they remain in
direct alignment with organizational drivers.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG5.SP3] Develop a strategy to meet the demand for capacity based on the resilience
requirements for the technology asset and the services it supports. In this case, the strategy
may need to consider the organization’s strategic objectives and how the accomplishment
of these objectives affects capacity of current technology assets and future capacity needs.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-128 "Guide for Security Configuration Management of
Information Systems" Page 29-30
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP3] Track the status of change requests to closure. Ensure that all change
requests have a disposition and that changes that have not been closed are provided an
updated status.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[ADM:SG3.SP2] Establish communication channels to ensure custodians are aware of
changes in assets.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
Goal 2 – The integrity of technology and information assets is managed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is configuration management performed for technology assets? [TM:SG4.SP2]
Are techniques in use to detect changes to technology assets? [TM:SG4.SP3]
Are modifications to technology assets reviewed? [TM:SG4.SP3; TM:SG4.SP.2]
Are integrity requirements used to determine which staff members are authorized to
modify information assets? [KIM:SG5.SP1]
5.
6.
Is the integrity of information assets monitored? [KIM:SG5SP3]
Are unauthorized or unexplained modifications to technology assets addressed?
[TM:SG4.SP2; TM:SG4.SP3]
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Configuration and Change Management
7.
Are modifications to technology assets tested before being committed to production
systems? [TM:SG4.SP4]
8.
Has a process for managing access to technology assets been implemented?
[TM:SG4.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP2] Create baseline configuration items. Establishing a technology asset
baseline (commonly called a configuration item) provides a foundation for managing the
integrity of the asset as it changes over its life cycle.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-70 "National Checklist Program for IT Products: Guidelines for
Checklist Users and Developers", Entire Document
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP3] Develop and implement change control policies, procedures, and
techniques. Change requests address not only new or changed requirements but also
maintenance and/or failures in the technology assets. Changes are evaluated to ensure that
they are consistent with all technical and resilience requirements.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-2
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP2, TM:SG4.SP3] Review configuration control logs and identify anomalies.
Periodically verify (through monitoring and auditing) that changes to configurations are
valid and authorized.
Analyze the impact of changes proposed in the change requests. Change requests are
analyzed to determine the impact that the change will have on the resilience requirements,
budget, and schedule. Changes are also evaluated for their impact beyond immediate
project or contract requirements. Changes to a technology used in multiple services can
resolve an immediate issue while causing a problem in other applications.
Obtain agreement and approval for changes to baselines from relevant stakeholders.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
39 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Configuration and Change Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG5.SP1] Identify and document staff who are authorized to modify information
assets, relative to the asset’s integrity requirements. This information may be specifically
included as part of the information asset’s resilience requirements.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" AC-2
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG5.SP3] Establish requirements for the inclusion of data validation controls in
services and related systems. The inclusion of data validation controls ensures that
information assets retain their integrity when charged into the production cycles of
processes and systems.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" PL-1
Q6
Q7
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP2, TM:SG4.SP3] Perform configuration audits. Regularly audit the integrity
of the configuration item baselines to ensure that they are complete and correct and that
they continue to meet configuration management standards and procedures. Identify action
items that are required to repair any anomalies.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3 and CM-9
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP4] Test release builds.
To minimize operational impact, the organization must test the release build in a
segregated test environment to identify issues, concerns, and problems that may cascade
into other operational areas when the build is released. Once all operational issues have
been defined and addressed (in some cases by “rebuilding” the build), the organization can
proceed to move the release build into the production environment.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
40 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Configuration and Change Management
Q8
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP1] Establish access management policies and procedures for requesting and
approving access privileges to technology assets.The organization should establish policies
and procedures for requesting, approving, and providing access to technology assets to
persons, objects, and entities. The access management policy should establish the
responsibilities of requestors, asset owners, and asset custodians (who typically are called
upon to implement access requests). The policy should address clear guidelines for access
requests that originate external to the organization (i.e., from contractors or business
partners). The policy should also cover the type and extent of access that will be provided
to objects such as systems and processes.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" AC-1
Goal 3 – Asset configuration baselines are established.
1.
Do technology assets have configuration baselines? [TM:SG4.SP2]
2.
Is approval obtained for proposed changes to baselines? [TM:SG4.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP2] Create baseline configuration items.
Establishing a technology asset baseline (commonly called a configuration item) provides a
foundation for managing the integrity of the asset as it changes over its life cycle.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-70 "National Checklist Program for IT Products: Guidelines for
Checklist Users and Developers" Page Entire Document
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[TM:SG4.SP3] Obtain agreement and approval for changes to baselines from relevant
stakeholders.
Additional Reference
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CM-3
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing change management activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for change management?
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Configuration and Change Management
3.
Have stakeholders for change management activities been identified and made aware of
their roles?
4.
Have change management standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider planning for configuration and change management. The plan for configuration
and change management should maintain a focus of ensuring adequate protection and
sustainment strategies as assets are deployed and are modified.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring policies and procedures, including the documentation of configuration
and changes. The configuration and change policy should address
• configuration baselines, baseline review and change criteria, change request management,
change testing, change risk assessment, and change deployment.
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders, which are individuals who are involved in various tasks
in the configuration and change management process, such as
• planning for the process
• creating baseline configurations
• evaluating an updating changes
• managing changes to assets and to the asset inventory
• reviewing and appraising the effectiveness of process activities
• resolving issues in the process
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring standards, and guidelines, including procedures, standards, and
guidelines for
• establishing and managing baseline configurations
• change control
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations.
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the change management activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform change management activities as planned?
3.
4.
Is there adequate funding to perform change management activities as planned?
Are risks related to the performance of planned change management activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the configuration and change management
process are needed to ensure that
• assets are placed under configuration management
• baseline configurations meet the organization's needs
• baseline configurations are updated as needed
• changes to assets do not introduce unacceptable risk
• changes to assets are effectively communicated to all who need to know
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in skills required in the configuration
and change management process. Examples of these skills include:
• knowledge of the tools, techniques, and methods necessary to manage baseline
configurations.
• knowledge necessary to work effectively with asset owners and custodians
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop effective requirements, plans, and programs for the process
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that configuration and change management activities are adequately
funded. Funding the configuration and change management process should include
ensuring that baseline configurations are available to all stakeholders who require access,
that baseline configurations are appropriately managed under the change control process.
The change control process should be funded to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of
changes, that changes are sufficiently tested, and that unacceptable risk is not introduces to
the operating environment as a result of changes.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk arising from insufficient configuration and change management
practices. Discrepancies result when assets are acquired, modified, or retired but not
reflected accurately in the change management repository, or when assets are deployed
without being placed under configuration management. Assets form the foundation for
operational resilience management, as because they are the target of strategies required to
protect and sustain services. To the extent that the asset's configuration is not under
configuration management, the organization’s overall ability to manage operational
resilience is impeded.
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are change management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are change management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the
plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of change
management?
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Configuration and Change Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider Objectively evaluating adherence of the configuration and change management
process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider reviewing activities, status, and results of the process with the immediate level of
managers responsible for the process and identify issues.
Reviews of the configuration and change management process may result from periodic
examination or post-event audits that seek to identify problems that must be corrected.
Elevating the results of these examinations to managers provides an opportunity to correct
process deficiencies and to make managers aware of variations in the risk management
process that not only have localized impact but may also affect the organization’s
resilience as a whole.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the configuration and change management
process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of change management activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to change management documented and shared across the organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to configuration and change
management, that includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
44 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Configuration and Change Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Collect configuration and change management work products, measures, measurement
results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to
support future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
These are examples of improvement work products and information:
• metrics and measurements of the viability of the process
• changes and trends in operating conditions that affect risk sources and categories
• changes in risk conditions and the risk environment that affect risk parameters,
measurement criteria, or risk dispositions
• lessons learned in post-event review of continuity exercises, incidents, and disruptions in
continuity, particularly those that result in losses or compromises that exceed risk
parameters and measurement criteria
• process lessons learned that can be applied to improve operational resilience management
performance and internal controls
• issues with the risk identification, analysis, prioritization, overall assessment, mitigation,
and monitoring processes
• lessons learned from both successfully and unsuccessfully mitigating identified risks
• risk mitigation plan costs and benefits for future return on investment analysis
• resilience requirements that are not being satisfied or are being exceeded
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Configuration and Change Management
Other Observations – Configuration and Change Management
46 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Vulnerability Management
4
Vulnerability Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
G3
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Preparation for vulnerability analysis and resolution activities is conducted.
1.
2.
Has a vulnerability analysis and resolution strategy been developed? [VAR: SG1.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is there a standard set of tools and/or methods in use to identify vulnerabilities in assets?
[VAR: SG1.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1 CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG1.SP2] Develop and document an operational vulnerability analysis and
resolution strategy. The strategy for addressing vulnerability analysis and resolution should
be documented in a plan that can be communicated to relevant stakeholders and
implemented. The plan should address:
• the scope of vulnerability analysis and resolution activities
• the essential activities that are required for vulnerability analysis and resolution• a plan for
collecting the data necessary for vulnerability activities
• tools, techniques, and methods that have been approved for identifying and analyzing
vulnerabilities across a range of assets
• a schedule for performing vulnerability activities
• the roles and responsibilities necessary to carry out the plan
• the skills and training required to perform the vulnerability analysis and resolution strategy
and plan
• the relative costs associated with the activities, particularly for the purchase and licensing
of tools, techniques, and methods
• relevant stakeholders of the vulnerability activities and their roles
• objectives for measuring when the plan and strategy are successful
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 6-9
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG1.SP2] Identify the tools, techniques, and methods that the organization will use
to identify vulnerabilities to assets. The organization should compile a list of approved and
recommended tools, techniques, and methods that can be used for vulnerability activities.
Pre-approving tools, techniques, and methods ensures consistency and cost-effectiveness, as
well as validity of results. This list should cover the entire range of assets and include both
procedural and automated methods
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 4
Goal 2 – A process for identifying and analyzing vulnerabilities is established and
maintained.
1.
Have sources of vulnerability information been identified? [VAR: SG2.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
2.
Is the information from these sources kept current? [VAR: SG2.SP1]
Information
Technology
Facilities
3.
Are vulnerabilities being actively discovered? [VAR: SG2.SP2]
Information
Technology
Facilities
4.
Are vulnerabilities categorized and prioritized? [VAR: SG2.SP3]
5.
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are vulnerabilities analyzed to determine relevance to the organization? [VAR: SG2.SP3]
6.
Information
Technology
Facilities
Is a repository used for recording information about vulnerabilities and their resolution?
[VAR: SG2.SP2]
Information
Technology
Facilities
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP1] Identify sources of relevant vulnerability information. The sources of
vulnerability information should fit the organization’s vulnerability identification and
analysis needs. The internal sources of vulnerability information supplied by other
operational resilience management processes should be included in the list.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3"Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 3
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP1] Review sources on a regular basis and update as necessary. New sources
of vulnerability information are continually emerging. The organization must review these
sources and add them to its source list to be sure to have access to the most current,
accurate, and extensive information about vulnerabilities.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 3
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP2] Discover vulnerabilities.Data collection should be coordinated to
discover vulnerabilities and populate the vulnerability repository as efficiently as possible.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 33
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP3] Prioritize and categorize vulnerabilities for disposition.
Based on the organization’s prioritization guidelines and the results of vulnerability
analysis, vulnerabilities must be categorized by disposition.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 3
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP3] Analyze the structure and action of the vulnerability.
This may require the vulnerability to be decomposed into other artifacts such as threat,
threat actor, motive, and potential outcome. In addition, relationships between
vulnerabilities may be identified that could indicate similar root causes or origins that must
be considered in resolution actions.
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Q6
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG2.SP2] Establishes a vulnerability repository as the central source
of vulnerability life-cycle information and populate the vulnerability repository. Basic
information that should be collected about vulnerabilities include
• a unique organizational identifier for internal reference
• description of the vulnerability
• date entered to the repository
• references to the source of the vulnerability
• the importance of the vulnerability to the organization (critical, moderate, etc.)
• individuals or teams assigned to analyze and remediate the vulnerability
• a log of remediation actions taken to reduce or eliminate the vulnerability
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 4
Goal 3 – Exposure to identified vulnerabilities is managed.
1.
Are actions taken to manage exposure to identified vulnerabilities? [VAR: SG3.SP1]
2.
Is the effectiveness of vulnerability mitigation reviewed? [VAR: SG3.SP1]
3.
Is the status of unresolved vulnerabilities monitored? [VAR: SG3.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG3.SP1] Develop a vulnerability management strategy for all vulnerabilities that
require resolution. The strategy should address the actions that the organization will take to
reduce or eliminate exposure or to provide an operational workaround if preferable.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 2.0 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program"
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG3.SP1] Analyze the effectiveness of vulnerability management strategies to
ensure that objectives are achieved.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3 "Creating a Patch Management and Vulnerability
Management Program" Section 5
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Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG3.SP1] Monitor the status of open vulnerabilities.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 33
Goal 4 – The root causes of vulnerabilities are addressed.
1.
Are underlying causes for vulnerabilities identified (through root-cause analysis or other
means) and addressed? [VAR: SG4.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[VAR: SG4.SP1] Identify and analyze the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 39
MIL2-Planned
1.
2.
3.
Is there a documented plan for performing vulnerability management activities?
Is there a documented policy for vulnerability management?
Have stakeholders for vulnerability management activities been identified and made aware
of their roles?
4.
Have vulnerability management standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM ReferenceConsider establishing and managing a plan for vulnerability
management. The plan for the vulnerability management process should not be confused
with the organizational vulnerability management strategy and plan for identifying and
analyzing vulnerabilities. The plan for the vulnerability management process details how the
organization will perform vulnerability analysis and resolution, including the development
of strategies and plans for vulnerability analysis and resolution.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a policy for vulnerability management. The vulnerability management
policy should address
• responsibility, authority, and ownership for performing process activities
• information categorization, labeling, and handling
• protection against tampering or unauthorized access
• encryption, secure storage, and secure transport and distribution of information
• procedures, standards, and guidelines for
- identifying the assets that are the focus of vulnerability management activities
- storage capacity of collection mechanisms and actions to take if capacity is exceeded by
type of media
- collection of vulnerability data
- recording and storage of vulnerability data, including collection media (electronic logs,
data files,
databases, and information repositories)
- distribution of vulnerability data, including media, methods, and channels
- service level agreement terms and conditions for external entities involved in process
activities
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations
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Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM ReferenceConsider identifying stakeholders of the vulnerability management
process. These are examples of stakeholders of the vulnerability analysis and resolution
process:
• higher-level managers responsible for establishing organizational risk criteria and
tolerances
• staff responsible for the organization’s risk management plan• asset owners, custodians,
and users
• staff responsible for managing operational risks to assets
• staff responsible for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an internal control
system for assets
• staff responsible for developing, testing, implementing, and executing service continuity
plans
• external entities responsible for managing high-value assets and providing essential
services
• internet service providers
• human resources (for people assets)
• legal counsel
• information technology staff, such as system administrators and CSIRTs
• staff responsible for physical security (for facility assets)
• internal and external auditors
• owners of operational resilience management processes, including risk management,
incident management and control, and service continuity
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines for vulnerability management. Such
standards and guidelines should address:
• vulnerability data
• process strategy and plans, including the scope of the plans and commitments to the plans
• list of sources of vulnerability information
• list of internal and external stakeholders and a plan for their involvement
• vulnerability prioritization guidelines
• prioritized process requirements, accepted requirements, and risks resulting from
unsatisfied requirements
• infrastructure requirements
• vulnerability data collection and storage standards and parameters
• vulnerability data identification, monitoring, collection, analysis, remediation, handling,
and storage methods, procedures, techniques, and tools
• vulnerability data distribution plans, procedures, processes, media, methods, and tools
• collection media, including electronic logs, data files, databases, and repositories
• vulnerability status reports, including resolution strategies
• policies and procedures
• contracts with external entities
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MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the vulnerability management
activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform vulnerability management activities as
planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform vulnerability management activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned vulnerability management activities
identified, analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting reviews of the vulnerability management process, including:
• current sources of vulnerability data are in use
• assets subject to the process are identified, documented, and included in the scope of
process activities
• assets that have been retired are removed from the scope of the process
• vulnerability data is identified, collected, and stored in a timely manner
• the vulnerability repository is established and maintained
• access to the vulnerability repository is limited to authorized staff
• vulnerability management status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a
timely manner
• vulnerabilities are referred to the risk management process when necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• administrative, technical, and physical controls are operating as intended
• controls are meeting the stated intent of the resilience requirements
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff possess adequate skills to perform vulnerability
management activities. These are examples of skills required in the vulnerability
management process:
• knowledge of tools, techniques, and methods used to identify, analyze, remediate, monitor,
and communicate vulnerabilities for all asset types, including those necessary to perform the
process using the selected methods, techniques, and tools
• knowledge of tools, techniques, and methods necessary to ensure the confidentiality,
integrity, and availability of vulnerability data
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop effective process requirements, plans, and programs
• knowledge necessary to analyze and prioritize process requirements
• knowledge necessary to interpret vulnerability data and represent it in ways that are
meaningful and appropriate for managers and stakeholders
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Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that vulnerability management activities are adequately funded. Funding
the process should extend beyond the initial development of vulnerability management
activities, tools, and processes to ensure that the operating environment is continuously
monitored for vulnerabilities.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk from the failure of vulnerability management processes. Monitor
key components of vulnerability management, including:
• current sources of vulnerability data are in use
• assets subject to the process are identified, documented, and included in the scope of
process activities
• assets that have been retired are removed from the scope of the process
• vulnerability data is identified, collected, and stored in a timely manner
• the vulnerability repository is established and maintained
• access to the vulnerability repository is limited to authorized staff
• vulnerability management status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a
timely manner
• vulnerabilities are referred to the risk management process when necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• administrative, technical, and physical controls are operating as intended
• controls are meeting the stated intent of the resilience requirements
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are vulnerability management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they
are effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are vulnerability management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering
to the plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of vulnerability
management?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the vulnerability management process. These are examples of metrics
for the vulnerability management process:
• for high-value information, technology, and facilities assets (including assets owned and
managed by external entities as well as internally):
• number of high-value assets (by type) subject to process activities (This is determined by
the resilience requirements associated with identified assets and assumes an up-to-date
asset inventory.
• percentage of high-value assets that have been monitored for vulnerabilities within an
agreed-upon time interval
• percentage of high-value assets that have been audited or assessed for vulnerabilities
within an agreed upon time interval
• number of reported vulnerabilities by asset type or category for which some form of
resolution or remediation is called for (course of action, reduction, elimination)
• percentage of vulnerabilities that have been satisfactorily remediated (or conversely,
percentage of open vulnerabilities) by time interval (days, weeks, months)
• number of reported vulnerabilities for which a vulnerability management strategy exists
• percentage of vulnerabilities with a vulnerability management strategy that is on track per
plan
• number and percentage of vulnerabilities requiring a root-cause analysis
• number of vulnerabilities referred to the risk management process; number of
vulnerabilities where corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• number of vulnerabilities referred to the incident management and control process by time
interval
• number of vulnerabilities referred to the service continuity process by time interval
• schedule for collecting, recording, and distributing vulnerability data, including elapsed
time from high-value data collection to data distribution to key stakeholders
• percentage of organizational units, lines of business, projects, and activities using
vulnerability data to assess the performance of operational resilience management processes
• number of risks resulting from unsatisfied process requirements, designated as high,
medium, or low or some other organizational risk ranking method
• number of scope changes to process activities by time interval
• number of process risks referred to the risk management process; number of risks where
corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
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Q2
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the vulnerability management process against
its process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance. These are
examples of activities to be reviewed:
• the alignment of stakeholder requirements and needs with the process scope, strategy,
plans, and management strategies for specific vulnerabilities
• assignment of responsibility, accountability, and authority for process activities
• determining the adequacy of process reports and reviews in informing decision makers
regarding the performance of operational resilience management activities and the need to
take corrective action, if any
• verification of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability controls
• use of process data for improving strategies for protecting and sustaining assets and
services
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization Reviews the activities, status, and results of the
vulnerability management process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of vulnerability management activities
from which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating
circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to vulnerability management activities documented and shared across the
organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to vulnerability management, that
includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition
and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit or line of
business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s
tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process,
and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider Collecting vulnerability management work products, measures, measurement
results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to
support future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Other Observations – Vulnerability Management
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Incident Management
5
Incident Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
G3
MIL-2
G4
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G5 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – A process for identifying, analyzing, responding to, and learning from incidents is
established.
1.
2.
3.
Does the organization have a plan for managing incidents? [IMC:SG1.SP1]
Is the incident management plan reviewed and updated? [IMC:SG1.SP1]
Are the roles and responsibilities in the plan included in job descriptions? [IMC:SG1.SP2]
4.
Have staff been assigned to the roles and responsibilities detailed in the incident
management plan? [IMC:SG1.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG1.SP1] Establish the incident management plan. The incident management plan
should address at a minimum:
• the organization’s philosophy for incident management
• the structure of the incident management process
• the requirements and objectives of the incident management process relative to managing
operational
resilience
• a description of how the organization will identify incidents, analyze them, and respond
to them
• the roles and responsibilities necessary to carry out the plan
• applicable training needs and requirements
• resources that will be required to meet the objectives of the plan
• relevant costs and budgets associated with incident management activities
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide"
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG1.SP1] Revise the plan and commitments as necessary
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" IR-8
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG1.SP2] Develop detailed job descriptions for each role and responsibility detailed
in the incident management plan.
Additional References
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Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2.4
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 41
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG1.SP2] Assign staff to incident management roles and responsibilities.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2.4
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 41
Goal 2 – A process for detecting, reporting, triaging, and analyzing events established.
1.
2.
Are events detected and reported? [IMC:SG2.SP1]
Is event data logged in an incident knowledgebase or similar mechanism? [IMC:SG2.SP2]
3.
4.
Are events categorized? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
Are events analyzed to determine if they are related to other events? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
5.
6.
7.
8.
Are events prioritized? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
Is the status of events tracked? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
Are events tracked to resolution? [IMC:SG2.SP4]
Have requirements (rules, laws, regulations, policies, etc.) for identifying event evidence
for forensic purposes been identified? [IMC:SG2.SP3]
9.
Is there a process to ensure event evidence is handled as required by law or other
obligations? [IMC:SG2.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP1] Define the methods of event detection and reporting.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2.3
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP2] Develop and implement an incident management knowledgebase that
allows for the entry of event reports (and the tracking of declared incidents) through all
phases of their life cycle.Guidelines and standards for the consistent documentation of
events should be developed and communicated to all who are involved in the reporting and
logging processes.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)
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Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP4] Assign a category to events from the organization’s standard category
definitions.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 66
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP4] Perform correlation analysis on event reports to determine if there is
affinity between two or more events.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.4
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 69-70
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP4] Prioritize events. Events may be prioritized based on event knowledge,
the results of categorization and correlation analysis, incident declaration criteria and
experience with past-declared incidents.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.2
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 124-128
Q6
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP4] Assign events that have not been assigned a “closed” status for
furtheranalysis and resolution. Possible dispositions for event reports include
• closed
• referred for further analysis
• referred to organizational unit or line of business for disposition
• declared as incident and referred to incident handling and response process
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section
3Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 153
Q7
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP4] Periodically review the incident knowledgebase for events that have not
been closed or for which there is no disposition. Events that have not been closed or that
do not have a disposition should be reprioritized and analyzed for resolution.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.4
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 155-156
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Q8
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP3] Identify relevant rules, laws, regulations, and policies for which incident
evidence may be required. Because there may be compliance issues related to the
collection and preservation of incident data, this practice must be considered in the context
of the organization’s compliance program.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2.4.4
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 26
Q9
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG2.SP3] Document events and related evidence information in the incident
management knowledgebase where practical.
Rules, laws, regulations, and policies may require specific documentation for forensic
purposes. These specific requirements must be included in the organization’s logging and
tracking process. Some information about events may be confidential or sensitive, so the
organization must be careful to appropriately limit access to event information to only
those who need to know about it
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 26
Goal 3 – Incidents are declared and analyzed.
1.
Are incidents declared? [IMC:SG3.SP1]
2.
Have criteria for the declaration of an incident been established? [IMC.SG3.SP1]
3.
Are incidents analyzed to determine a response? [IMC:SG3.SP2]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG3.SP1] Establish a process to declare incidents. Incident declaration defines the
point at which the organization has established that an incident has occurred, is occurring,
or is imminent, and will need to be handled and responded to. The time from event
detection to incident declaration may be immediate, requiring little additional review and
analysis. In other cases, incident declaration requires more thoughtful analysis
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.2
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 77-79
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC.SG3.SP1] Establish incident declaration criteria for use in guiding when to declare
an incident. To guide the organization in determining when to declare an incident
(particularly if incident declaration is not immediately apparent), the organization must
define incident declaration criteria.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.2.6
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 77-79
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG3.SP2] Identify relevant analysis tools, techniques, and activities that the
organization will use to analyze incidents and develop appropriate responses.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.1.1
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 79-91
Goal 4 – A process for responding to and recovering from incidents is established.
1.
Are incidents escalated to stakeholders for input and resolution? [IMC:SG4.SP1]
2.
Are responses to declared incidents developed and implemented according to pre-defined
procedures? [IMC:SG4.SP2]
3.
Are incident status and response communicated to affected parties? [IMC:SG4.SP3]
4.
Are incidents tracked to resolution? [IMC:SG4.SP4]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG4.SP1] Develop incident escalation procedures.Incident escalation procedures
should consider the type and extent of incident and the appropriate stakeholders Incidents
that the organization has declared and which require an organizational response must be
escalated to those stakeholders who can implement, manage, and bring to closure an
appropriate and timely solution.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.2.6
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 128-132
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG4.SP2] Develop an incident response strategy and plan to limit incident effect
and to repair incident damage. The incident response strategy and plan should address at a
minimum
• the essential activities (administrative, technical, and physical) that are required to
contain or limit
damage and provide service continuity
• existing continuity of operations and restoration plans in the organization’s plan
inventory
• the resources and skills required to perform the incident response strategy and plan
• coordination activities with other internal staff and external agencies that must be
performed to
implement the strategy
• the levels of authority and access needed by responders to carry out the strategy and plan
• objectives for measuring when the strategy and plan are successful
• the estimated cost of implementing the strategy and plan
• the essential activities necessary to restore services to normal operation (recovery), the
resources
involved in these activities, and their estimated cost
• legal and regulatory obligations that must be met by the strategy
• standardized responses for certain types of incidents
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 3.1
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG4.SP3] Develop and implement an organizational incident management
communications plan. The incident communications plan should address the stakeholders
with whom communications about incidents are required.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide" Section 2.3.1
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) Page 92-99
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Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG4.SP4] Track incidents that have been open for an extended period of time
without closure and resolve. Incidents that appear to be open for an extended period of
time may not have followed the organization’s incident management process or may not
have been formally closed. The status of incidents in the incident database should be
reviewed regularly to determine if open incidents should be closed or need additional
action.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident Handling guide"
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs)
Goal 5 – Post-incident lessons learned are translated into improvement strategies.
1.
2.
Is analysis performed to determine the root causes of incidents? [IMC:SG5.SP1]
Is there a link between the incident management process and other related processes
(problem management, risk management, change management, etc.)? [IMC:SG5.SP2]
3.
Are lessons learned from incident management used to improve asset protection and
service continuity strategies? [IMC:SG5.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG5.SP1] Identify root-cause analysis tools and techniques and ensure all staff who
participate in analysis are trained in their use. These tools and techniques may include
cause-and-effect diagrams, interrelationship diagrams, causal factor tree analysis, etc.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" IR-8
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG5.SP2] Establish a problem management system to ensure that all operational
events that are not part of standard operation (incidents, problems, and errors) are recorded,
analyzed, and resolved in a timely manner.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" IR-1
66 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Incident Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[IMC:SG5.SP3] Review incident knowledgebase information and update the following
areas accordingly:
• protection strategies and controls for assets involved in the incident
• continuity plans and strategies for sustaining assets involved in the incident
• information security and other organizational policies that need to reflect new standards,
procedures, and
guidelines based on what is learned in the incident handling
• training for staff on information security, business continuity, and IT operations
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" IR-4
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing incident management activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for incident management?
3.
Have stakeholders for incident management activities been identified and made aware of
their roles?
4.
Have incident management standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing a plan for incident management. The plan for the incident
management and control process should reflect the organization’s stated philosophy of
incident management and the preferred means for handling incidents (i.e., through a
dedicated or permanent team, a virtual team, etc.).
Subpractice:
• Define and document the plan for performing the process.
• Define and document the process description.
• Review the plan with relevant stakeholders and get their commitment.
• Revise the plan as necessary.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
These are examples of tools, techniques, and methods to support the incident management
process:
• methods, techniques, and tools for
- event identification, detection, and reporting
- analyzing events and incidents, including determining when one or more events should be
declared an incident
- collecting, documenting, and preserving evidence for events and incidents
- recovering from events
• methods and tools for event and incident logging and tracking
• methods for triaging events
• root-cause analysis techniques and tools, such as cause-and-effect diagrams,
interrelationship diagrams, and causal factor tree analysis
67 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Incident Management
• incident databases and knowledge bases, including predetermined response and recovery
actions for specific types of incidents
• methods and techniques for responding to events
• communications methods for reporting and escalating incidents
• methods for conducting post-incident reviews and ensuring lessons learned are reflected
in process activities
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the incident management process. Examples include:
• incident owners
• asset owners and custodians
• service owners
• organizational unit and line of business managers responsible for high-value assets and
the services they support
• staff who serve key roles in incident communications activities, such as public relations
• staff who provide input to and resolution of incidents as they are escalated
• staff responsible for developing, implementing, and managing an internal control system
for assets
• external entities involved in process activities and responsible for managing high-value
assets
• human resources
• information technology staff
• service desk staff
• staff responsible for physical security
• legal and law enforcement staff, including federal agencies
• internal and external auditors
• regulatory and governing agencies
68 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Incident Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines for incident management activities. Such
standards and guidelines should include information on:
• event reports, including sources of event detection and reporting
• incident management plans and the process plan
• incident response strategy and plan
• event and incident status reports
• incident communications plan
• list of incident stakeholders
• incident management policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines
• incident knowledgebase
• event and incident evidence
• incident declaration criteria
• incident escalation procedures and criteria
• post-incident analysis reports
• list of incident management process improvements
• contracts with external entities
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the incident management activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform incident management activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform incident management activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned incident management activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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Incident Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the incident management process. Periodic
reviews are needed to ensure that
• the process is known and accessible
• events and incidents are identified, reported, and addressed on a timely basis
• events and incidents are logged and closed
• proper forensic procedures are used to collect and preserve evidence
• events are properly triaged and analyzed for root causes
• incidents are properly declared
• incidents are properly escalated to designated stakeholders
• incident response capabilities are commensurate with the priority of an incident
• incidents are communicated appropriately to stakeholders at a level commensurate with
their involvement
• event and incident status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a timely
manner
• post-incident reviews are performed to improve the process
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• administrative, technical, and physical controls are operating as intended
• controls are meeting the stated intent of the resilience requirements
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
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Incident Management
Q2
Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in skills required in the incident
management process. Examples of these skills include:
• event detection, reporting, and tracking, including service desk activities
• documenting and logging event reports
• collecting and preserving evidence
• technical analysis of events and incidents, including triage
• declaring incidents
• escalating and communicating incidents
• understanding and applying laws, rules, and regulations
• performing incident response, including damage containment
• creating, managing, and deploying incident response teams
• developing and implementing administrative, technical, and physical controls
• performing root-cause analysis and post-incident review
• using tools, techniques, and methods necessary to handle incidents throughout their life
cycle, including those necessary to perform the process using the selected methods,
techniques, and tools
• knowledge unique to each type of asset or service that may be the target of an incident
• working effectively and collaborating with asset owners and custodians
• eliciting and prioritizing stakeholder requirements and needs and interpreting them to
develop effective incident management plans and plans for handling specific types of
incidents
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that incident management activities are adequately funded.
Considerations for funding the process should extend beyond the initial development of
incident management activities, tools, and processes to ensure that the organization
maintains a capability to manage incidents.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk from the failure of the incident management process. Failures can
occur in:
• detecting events and incidents
• planning for incident handling, management, and response
• making commitments to process plans and activities
• collecting, documenting, and preserving event and incident evidence
• analyzing events and incidents
• declaring incidents
• responding to incidents, including participating on incident response teams
• communicating events and incidents and the status of incidents as they move through the
incident lifecycle
• escalating incidents
• coordinating process activities
• reviewing and appraising the effectiveness of process activities
• performing post-incident review and improvement processes
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MIL4-Measured
1.
Are incident management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are incident management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to
the plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of incident
management?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the performance of incident management activities. Include
• percentage of operational time that high-value services and assets were unavailable (as
seen by users and customers) due to incidents
• percentage of incidents that exploited existing vulnerabilities with known solutions,
patches, or workarounds
• number and percentage of events or incidents handled in a specific period
• number and percentage of events or incidents that are contained in a specific period
• percentage of incidents that require escalation
• percentage of incidents that require involvement of law enforcement
• number of events or incidents that have been logged but not closed
• average time between event detection and related incident declaration, response, or
closure
• percentage increase in the volume of events and incidents in a specific period
• extent of consequences to the organization due to incidents by incident type (also referred
to as “magnitude”)
• percentage increase in the elapsed time of the incident life cycle by incident type
• number and percentage of recurrence of specified events or incidents
• percentage increase in resource needs (training, skill building, additional human
resources) to support incident management
• number of post-incident review activities that result in control changes or improvements
to the process
• number of incidents referred to the risk management process; number of risks where
corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the incident management and control process
against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
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Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization Reviews the activities, status, and results of the
incident management process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of incident management activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to incident management activities documented and shared across the
organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to incident management, that
includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting incident management work products, measures, measurement results,
and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to support
future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Incident Management
Other Observations – Incident Management
74 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Service Continuity Management
6
Service Continuity Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
G3
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Service continuity plans for high-value services are developed.
1.
2.
Are service continuity plans developed and documented for assets required for delivery of
the critical service? [SC:SG3.SP2]
People
Information
Technology
Facilities
Are service continuity plans developed using established standards, guidelines, and
templates? [SC:SG3.SP2]
3.
Are staff members assigned to execute specific service continuity plans? [SC:SG3.SP3]
4.
Are key contacts identified in the service continuity plans? [SC:SG2.SP2]
5.
Are service continuity plans stored in a controlled manner and available to all those who
need to know? [SC:SG3.SP4]
6.
Are availability requirements such as recovery time objectives and recovery point
objectives established? [TM:SG5.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG3.SP2] Document the service continuity plans using available templates as
appropriate. A service continuity plan typically includes the following information:
• identification of authority for initiating and executing the plan (plan ownership)
• identification of the communication mechanism to initiate execution of the plan
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
A.3-1 - A.3-10
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Service Continuity Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG3.SP2] Document the key elements of the specific plan. Documentation of the
plan must be consistent with the standards and guidelines established by the organization to
ensure plan consistency, accuracy, and ability to implement.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
A.3-1 - A.3- 10
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG3.SP3] Assign staff to the service continuity plans. Ensure that those who are
assigned tasks in the plans are aware of their assignments, have the authority to act as
prescribed in the plans, and are held accountable for their activities. Ensure that these staff
members commit to performing their roles as described in the plans
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-2
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG2.SP2] Develop a key contact list for organizational services that can be included
as part of the service continuity plans.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
31-33
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG3.SP4] Store and protect the service continuity plans in the plan inventory or
database. Ensure that the service continuity plans are properly protected but accessible on
demand to those who have proper authorization.
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Service Continuity Management
Q6
CERT-RMM Reference
Establish availability metrics for high-value technology assets.
Availability metrics establish the planned and required “uptime” for a technology asset.
They are typically established as part of the asset’s resilience requirement for availability
and may be developed with consideration of the services that the asset supports. While
availability metrics are most useful for managing technology assets in operation, they also
play a significant part in the development plans to sustain technology assets in that they
establish a parameter or target that must be attained by technology assets under disruptive
conditions. In other words, the availability metric must be met by an asset not only in dayto-day operations but sometimes also under diminished conditions brought on by a
disruption or event. These metrics must be considered in planning to determine whether
they can be met under diminished conditions and, if not, what additional steps the
organization may need to take (i.e., implement manual procedures) to ensure that
associated services are not affected.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
16-18
Goal 2 – Service continuity plans are reviewed to resolve conflicts between plans.
1.
Are plans reviewed to identify and resolve conflicts? [SC:SG4.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG4.SP2] Review plans to determine plan conflicts. Determine the severity of plan
conflicts and develop appropriate mitigation actions to reduce or eliminate the conflicts.
Conflicts that would impede successful plan execution pose operational risks that must be
mitigated by the organization. Remember that the conflict may affect more than one plan,
and therefore mitigation actions may have to be performed on more than one plan.
Goal 3 - Service continuity plans tested to ensure they meet their stated objectives.
1.
Have standards for testing service continuity plans been implemented? [SC:SG5.SP1]
2.
Has a schedule for testing service continuity plans been established? [SC:SG5.SP1]
3.
Are service continuity plans tested? [SC:SG5.SP3]
4.
Are backup and storage procedures for high-value information assets tested?
[KIM:SG6.SP1]
5.
Are test results compared with test objectives to identify needed improvements to service
continuity plans? [SC:SG5.SP4]
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Service Continuity Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG5.SP1] Develop a testing program and test standards to apply universally across all
testing of service continuity plans.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-84 "Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans
and Capabilities" Page 2-1 - 2-5
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG5.SP1] Establish schedules for ongoing testing and review of plans.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-84 "Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans
and Capabilities" Page 6-1
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG5.SP3] Execute the service continuity plan test. On a regular basis, service
continuity plans are exercised (tested) according to their test plan. The test should establish
the viability, accuracy, and completeness of the plan. It should also provide information
about the organization’s level of preparedness to address the specific area(s) included in
the plan.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-84 "Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans
and Capabilities" Page 6-1 - 6-6
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[KIM:SG6.SP1] Periodically test the organization’s backup and storage procedures and
guidelines to ensure continued validity as operational conditions change. Stored
information assets should be periodically tested to ensure that they are complete, accurate,
and current and can be used for restorative purposes when necessary.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-9 and CP-10
Q5
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG5.SP4] Compare actual test results with expected test results and test objectives.
Areas where objectives could not be met are recorded and strategies are developed to
review and revise the plans. Improvements to the testing process and plans are also
identified, documented, and incorporated into future tests.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-84 "Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans
and Capabilities" Page 6-6
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Service Continuity Management
Goal 4 – Service continuity plans are executed and reviewed.
1.
Have conditions been identified that trigger the execution of the service continuity plan?
[SC:SG6.SP1]
2.
Is the execution of service continuity plans reviewed? [SC:SG6.SP2]
3.
Are improvements identified as a result of executing service continuity plans?
(SC:SG7.SP2)
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG6.SP1] Determine the conditions under which a service continuity plan must be
executed. Ensure that the owners of service continuity plans understand these conditions
and have the authority and responsibility to execute the plans if necessary.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
36
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG6.SP2] Compare documented service continuity plan results with plan objectives
and expectations. The debriefing of the execution of service continuity plans is an
invaluable means for identifying plan shortcomings and for improving the plan. Plan
improvements are documented through this process and incorporated into future plan
versions.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[SC:SG7.SP2] Identify and document changes to service continuity plans based ondefined
criteria and conditions such as the results of service continuity plan execution or testing
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems"
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Service Continuity Management
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing service continuity activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for service continuity?
3.
Have stakeholders for service continuity activities been identified and made aware of their
roles?
4.
Have service continuity standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing a plan for Service Continuity management. Such a plan includes
information on how the organization will carry out service continuity planning and
execution. A plan for service continuity is an organizational construct from which a service
continuity program is developed and implemented. The plan for the service continuity
process should be directly influenced by the strategic planning process of the organization
and reflect strategic initiatives where appropriate.
The plan for the service continuity process should not be confused with a plan (and
program) for service continuity or service-specific continuity plans. The plan for the
service continuity process details how the organization will perform service continuity
planning, including the development of service continuity plans. Service continuity plans
are service-specific plans for sustaining services and associated assets under degraded
conditions.
Subpractice
• Define and document the plan for performing the process.
• Define and document the process description.
• Review the plan with relevant stakeholders and get their agreement.
• Revise the plan as necessary.
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Service Continuity Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring policies and procedures for service continuity management. Such
standards should include :
• methods for identifying and prioritizing high-value services
• methods for analyzing service dependencies and interdependencies
• templates for developing and documenting service continuity plans
• methods, techniques, and tools for performing consistent and structured version control
and for managing changes to service continuity plans
• tools for archiving, storing, and securing service continuity plans
• tools for providing access control over service continuity plan inquiries, modifications,
and deletions
• tools for managing the service continuity plan inventory/database, including controlling
access and managing changes
• methods for communicating with stakeholders (Refer to the Communications process
area.)
• methods for distributing up-to-date versions of service continuity plans to stakeholders
• methods for analyzing plan dependencies and resolving conflicts
• methods, techniques, and tools for testing plans and documenting results
• methods and tools for capturing and maintaining the list of files and databases that
constitute vital records (Refer to the Knowledge and Information Management process
area.)
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the service continuity management process.
Examples include:
• owners of high-value services and supporting assets (for which plans must be developed)
• custodians of high-value services and supporting assets (who may need to execute or
participate in plans)
• organizational unit and line of business managers responsible for high-value services and
supporting assets
• staff involved in developing plans
• external entities on which service continuity plans are dependent, such as public
emergency management staff and other public agencies, partners, and suppliers
• external entities responsible for managing high-value services
• external entities to which the organization is a supplier
• regulatory and legal entities to which the organization is required to submit service
continuity plans
• staff involved in versioning, storing, archiving, and securing plans
• staff involved in testing plans
• internal and external auditors
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Service Continuity Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines for service continuity management,
including:
• planning for the process
• making decisions about the process
• making commitments to service continuity plans and activities as well as the process plan
• developing service continuity plans and the process plan
• communicating service continuity plans and activities and process plans and activities
• coordinating process activities
• participating in the test and execution of service continuity plans
• reviewing and appraising the effectiveness of process activities
• establishing requirements for the process
• resolving issues in the process
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the service continuity activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform service continuity activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform service continuity activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned service continuity activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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Service Continuity Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the service continuity management process.
Periodic reviews are needed to ensure that
• the process is a planned and coordinated activity
• process planning is driven by managing and mitigating organizational risk
• internal and external dependencies that affect the process and service continuity plans are
identified and considered
• vital organizational records are identified
• all service continuity plans have assigned owners
• service continuity plans are developed, resourced, and validated for high-value services,
including new services that are developed and acquired
• service continuity plans are tested when developed and periodically as dictated by
business conditions and the need to manage risk
• changes to service continuity plans and the plan inventory/database are controlled
• access to service continuity plans is limited to authorized staff
• the effectiveness of service continuity plans is measured
• the process is improved based on testing and experience in executing plans
• status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a timely manner
• process issues are referred to the risk management process when necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in the skills necessary to perform
service continuity management. Such skills include:
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop service continuity plans and programs, including the process
plan
• knowledge required to develop service continuity plans
• communication skills for conveying the contents of service continuity plans to
stakeholders
• knowledge unique to each type of service that is required to develop service-specific
continuity plans
• knowledge necessary to work effectively with service and asset owners and custodians
• knowledge necessary to plan and conduct service continuity testing
• knowledge of the tools, techniques, and methods necessary to perform the process using
the selected methods, techniques, and tools
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that service continuity management activities are adequately funded.
Funding the process should extend beyond the initial development of service continuity
management activities, tools, and processes to ensure that the organization maintains a
capability to ensure the resilience of essential services.
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Service Continuity Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk from the failure of the service continuity management process.
Failures can occur in:
• planning for the process
• making decisions about the process
• making commitments to service continuity plans and activities as well as the process plan
• developing service continuity plans and the process plan
• communicating service continuity plans and activities and process plans and activities
• coordinating process activities
• participating in the test and execution of service continuity plans
• reviewing and appraising the effectiveness of process activities
• establishing requirements for the process
• resolving issues in the process
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are service continuity activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are service continuity activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the
plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of service
continuity?
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Service Continuity Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the service continuity management process. Examples of measures
include:
• number and percentage of service continuity plans
- completed
- tested, and number of times tested by time period
- executed, and number of times executed by event on date
- that have never been executed
• number of service continuity plans that have not yet been developed (percentage of highvalue services
and supporting assets that do not have service continuity plans)
• percentage of plans
- without established owners
- that require changes
- with missing components (assigned owner, resources, etc.)
- that exhibit dependencies on other plans
- that exhibit one or more conflicts (such as a single point of failure)
- that have not been tested
- that have failed one or more test objectives
- that have failed in execution
- that have not been reviewed post-execution
- that have been changed without authorization, review, or testing
• frequency of changes to plans by service or service type
• percentage of plan test objectives (RTOs and RPOs) unmet
• number of plans without identified stakeholders
• percentage of staff who have not been trained on their roles and responsibilities as
defined in
service continuity plans
• number of process risks referred to the risk management process; number of risks where
corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions
requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
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Service Continuity Management
Q2
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating the service continuity process, to ensure that:
• the process is a planned and coordinated activity
• process planning is driven by managing and mitigating organizational risk
• internal and external dependencies that affect the process and service continuity plans are
identified and considered
• vital organizational records are identified
• all service continuity plans have assigned owners
• service continuity plans are developed, resourced, and validated for high-value services,
including new services that are developed and acquired
• service continuity plans are tested when developed and periodically as dictated by
business conditions and the need to manage risk
• changes to service continuity plans and the plan inventory/database are controlled
• access to service continuity plans is limited to authorized staff
• the effectiveness of service continuity plans is measured
• the process is improved based on testing and experience in executing plans
• status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a timely manner
• process issues are referred to the risk management process when necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization Reviews the activities, status, and results of the
service continuity management process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of service continuity activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to service continuity documented and shared across the organization?
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Service Continuity Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to service continuity management,
that includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting service continuity management work products, measures, measurement
results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to
support future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Service Continuity Management
Other Observations – Service Continuity Management
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Risk Management
7
G1
Risk Management
MIL-1
G2 G3 G4
G5
IL1
MIL-2
IL2 IL3
IL4
IL1
MIL-3
IL2 IL3
IL4
MIL-4
IL1 IL2 IL3
MIL-5
IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – A strategy for identifying, analyzing, and mitigating risks is developed.
1.
Have sources of risk that can affect operations been identified? [RISK: SG1.SP1]
2.
Have categories been established for risks? [RISK: SG1.SP1]
3.
Has a plan for managing operational risk been established? [RISK: SG1.SP2]
4.
Is the plan for managing operational risk communicated to stakeholders? [RISK: SG1.SP2]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG1.SP1] Determine operational risk sources.
Risk sources are the fundamental areas of risk that can affect organizational services and
associated assets while they are in operation to meet the organization’s mission. Risk
sources represent common areas where risks may originate. Typical internal and external
sources include:
• poorly designed and executed business processes and services
• inadvertent actions of people, such as accidental disclosures or modifications of
information
• intentional actions of people, such as insider threat and fraud
• failure of systems to perform as intended, or risks posed by the complexity and
unpredictability of interconnected systems
• failures of technology, such as the unanticipated results of the execution of software and
the failure of hardware components such as servers and telecommunications
• external events and forces, such as natural disasters, failures of public infrastructure, and
failures in the organization’s supply chain
Advance definition of specific risk sources for the organization provides a means for early
identification of risk and can seed mitigation plans that can cover a broad array of
operational risks before the organization realizes the consequences of these risks.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-37 Revision 1"Guide for Applying the Risk Management
Framework to Federal Information Systems" Page 6-8
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG1.SP1] Determine operational risk categories.Risk categories provide a means
for collecting and organizing risk for ease of analysis and mitigation. Typical operational
risk categories align with the various sources of operational risk such as failed processes,
actions of people, systems and technology, and external events but can be as granular as
necessary for the organization to effectively manage risk. Operational risks may also align
with the types of assets they are most likely to affect—risks to the availability of people, the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, etc.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 7-9
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Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG1.SP2] Develop and document an operational risk management strategy that
aligns with the organization’s overall enterprise risk management strategy. Because of the
pervasive nature of operational risk, a comprehensive operational risk management strategy
is needed to ensure proper consideration of risk and the effects on operational resilience.
The strategy provides a common foundation for the performance of operational risk
management activities and for the collection, coordination, and elevation of operational risk
to the organization's risk management process.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 7-9
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG1.SP2] Communicate the operational risk management strategy to relevant
stakeholders and obtain their commitment to the activities. The strategy should be
documented and communicated to all relevant stakeholders, internal and external, who are
responsible for any operational risk management activity.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 9-11
Goal 2 – Risk tolerances are identified, and focus of risk management is established.
1.
Have impact areas been identified, such as reputation, financial health, and regulatory
compliance? [RISK: SG2.SP2]
2.
Have impact areas been prioritized to determine their relative importance? [RISK:
SG2.SP2]
3.
Have risk tolerance parameters been established for each impact area? [RISK: SG2.SP2]
4.
Are risk tolerance thresholds, which trigger action, defined for each category of risk?
[RISK: SG2.SP1]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG2.SP2] Define organizational impact areas.
Organizational impact areas identify the categories where realized risk may have
meaningful and disruptive consequences. These areas typify what is important to the
organization and to the accomplishment of its mission.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 9-11
"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk Assessment
Process" Page Entire Document
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG2.SP2] Prioritize areas of impact for the organization. The prioritization of
impact areas allows the organization to determine the relative importance of these areas to
allow them to be used for risk prioritization and mitigation.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 37-40
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG2.SP2] Define and document risk measurement and evaluation criteria. Risk
measurement and evaluation criteria provide the bounds on the severity of consequences to
the organization across the organizationally defined areas of impact. The consistent
application of these criteria across all operational risks ensures that risks are prioritized
according to organizational importance (even if they are specific to an organizational unit or
line of business) and are mitigated accordingly. The range of criteria can be either
qualitative (high, medium, low) or quantitative (based on levels of loss, fines, number of
customers lost, etc.).
Additional References
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and
Information Systems Page 2
"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk Assessment
Process" Page 32-33
Q4
CERT-RMM References
[RISK: SG2.SP1] Define risk thresholds for each risk category. Risk thresholds are a
management tool to determine when risk is in control or has exceeded acceptable
organizational limits. They must be set for each category of operational risk that the
organization establishes as a means for measuring and managing risk. For example, a risk
threshold for virus intrusions may be whenever more than 200 users are affected; this would
indicate that management needs to act to prevent operational disruption.
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Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 11
Goal 3 – Risks are identified.
1.
Are operational risks that could affect delivery of the critical service identified? [RISK:
SG3.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK:SG3.SP2] Identify the services that are associated with each asset-specific risk
statement. Update the risk statement to reflect associated services. Examining risk in the
context of services provides the organization additional information that must be considered
when prioritizing risks for disposition and mitigation.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems"
"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk Assessment
Process"
Goal 4 – Risks are analyzed and assigned a disposition.
1.
Are risks analyzed to determine potential impact to the critical service NQ4 [RISK:
SG4.SP1]?
2.
Is a disposition (accept, transfer, mitigate, etc.) assigned to identified risks? [RISK:
SG4.SP3]
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK:SG4.SP1] Evaluate the identified risks using the defined risk parameters and risk
measurement criteria. Each risk is evaluated and assigned values in accordance with the
defined risk parameters and risk measurement criteria. (These include likelihood,
consequence, consequence severity, and thresholds.) The organization may weigh the
valuation of the risks by adjusting for the priority of impact areas (reputation, finance, etc.)
that they established as part of the risk measurement criteria. This will ensure that impact
areas of most importance to the organization will influence more strongly which risks are
prioritized higher for mitigation. The organization can further influence the prioritization by
applying a probability factor, if known.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems"
"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk Assessment
Process"
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG4.SP3] Assign a risk disposition to each risk statement based on risk valuation
and prioritization and obtain approval for the proposed disposition of each risk, particularly
risks that are not going to be mitigated. A risk disposition is assigned to each risk
statement or group of statements. The organization must establish a range of acceptable and
consistent risk dispositions and their definitions. Possible risk dispositions include:
• avoid
• accept
• monitor
• research or defer
• transfer
• mitigate or control.
Risks that are to be accepted must be approved by a sufficient level of organizational
management that accepts responsibility and authority for the potential impact on operational
resilience that could result. Risks that are to be transferred must demonstrate a clear and
willing party (organization or person) able to accept the risk. Risks that are to be researched
or deferred must be carefully examined to ensure that delaying mitigation will not result in
the realization of the risk or effects on operationalresilience.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems"
Appendix I"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk
Assessment Process" Page 58-64
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Goal 5 – Risks to assets and services are mitigated and controlled.
1.
Are plans developed for risks that the organization decides to mitigate? [RISK: SG5.SP1]
2.
Are identified risks tracked to closure? [RISK: SG5.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG5.SP1] Develop risk mitigation plans for all risks that have a “mitigation” or
“control” disposition. Developing risk mitigation plans is an extensive activity that will vary
by organization. There are some common elements of risk mitigation plans that should be
considered for all plans:
• how the threat or vulnerability will be reduced
• the actions that will prevent or limit an actor from exploiting a threat or vulnerability
• the controls that will have to be implemented or updated to reduce exposure, including an
articulation of administrative, physical, and technical controls
• the service continuity plans that would be used to reduce the impact of consequences
should risk be realized
• the staff who are responsible for implementing and monitoring the mitigation plan
• the cost of the plan, and a cost-benefit analysis that demonstrates the value of the plan
commensurate with the value of the related assets and services or avoidance of
consequences
• the implementation specifics of the plan (when, where, how)
• the residual risk that would not be addressed by the plan
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems"
Section 3
CERT-RMM Reference
[RISK: SG5.SP2] Provide a method for tracking open risks to closure.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 19-36
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing risk management activities?
2.
Is there s documented policy for risk management?
3.
Have stakeholders for risk management activities have identified and made aware of their
roles?
4.
Have risk management activities standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
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Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1 CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a plan for risk management process. The plan for the risk management
process should be directly influenced by the strategic and operational planning processes of
the organization and reflect strategic objectives and initiatives where appropriate. The plan
for the risk management process should not be confused with a risk management plan or
plans for mitigating risk as the plan for the risk management process details how the
organization will perform risk management, including the development of risk management
and mitigation plans.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing a risk management policy that addresses
• responsibility, authority, and ownership for performing process activities
• procedures, standards, and guidelines for
- identifying risk sources and categories of risk
- defining risk parameters (such as risk tolerance thresholds) and risk measurement criteria
- assigning risk priorities based on risk valuation
- assigning risk dispositions
- developing risk mitigation plans
• periodically monitoring the status of all risks and adjusting as necessary
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the risk management process. These are examples of
stakeholders:
• organizational unit managers, line of business managers, project managers, and business
process owners
• owners of identified assets and services (for which plans to manage risks must be
developed)
• custodians of identified assets and services (who may need to execute or participate in
plans)
• staff involved in identifying, analyzing, mitigating, and controlling risks to assets and
services (such as information technology, human resources, legal, and compliance staff)
• staff involved in reviewing and adjusting strategies to protect and sustain assets and
services
• the owner of any resilience management process who has referred risks to the process
• risk owners
• risk mitigation plan owners
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines that address
• identifying risk sources and categories of risk
• defining risk parameters (such as risk tolerance thresholds) and risk measurement criteria
• assigning risk priorities based on risk valuation
• assigning risk dispositions
• developing risk mitigation plans
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Risk Management
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the risk management activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform risk management activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform risk management activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned risk management activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the risk management process. These are examples of metrics for the
risk management process:
• percentage of identified assets and services for which some form of risk assessment has
been performed and documented as required by policy
• percentage of identified assets and services for which the impact or cost of compromise
has been quantified
• percentage of identified risks that do not have a defined risk disposition
• percentage of identified risks that have a defined mitigation plan against which status is
reported in accordance with policy
• percentage of identified risks that have not been tracked to closure
• change in volume of risks that have been identified over a selected period
• percentage of previously identified risks that have converted to a risk disposition of
“mitigate”
• percentage of identified assets for which a mitigation plan has been implemented to
mitigate risks as necessary and to maintain these risks within acceptable risk parameters and
risk measurement criteria
• percentage of identified services for which a mitigation plan has been implemented to
mitigate risks as necessary and to maintain these risks within acceptable risk parameters and
risk measurement criteria
• percentage of security incidents that caused damage, compromise, or loss to identified
assets or services beyond established risk parameters and risk measurement criteria
• percentage of realized risks that have exceeded established risk thresholds
• percentage of identified or realized risks that have been characterized as “high” impact
according to the organization’s risk evaluation criteria
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider assigning qualified staff to perform risk management processes. These are
examples of staff required to perform the risk management process:
• organizational unit managers, line of business managers, project managers, and asset and
service owners and custodians.
• the chief risk officer or equivalent
• a risk management steering council, group, or process group
• staff responsible for
- identifying operational risk sources and categories
- identifying and assessing operational risks, including risks identified by the process and
other resilience management processes
- business impact analysis
- scenario planning and analysis
- assigning risk disposition to risk statements based on risk valuation and prioritization developing risk mitigation plans and implementing these plans, including accepting,
deferring, or transferring residual risk
- monitoring and tracking risks to closure
- managing external entities that have contractual obligations for risk management activities
• higher-level managers responsible for defining risk parameters, including risk tolerance
thresholds, authorization for levels of risk acceptance, organizational impact areas and
priorities, and risk measurement criteria
• staff skilled in interview techniques and the use of questionnaires and surveys
• vital managers and subject matter experts
• external entities involved in process activities and in assessing risk on outsourced
functions
• internal and external auditors responsible for reporting to appropriate committees on
process effectiveness
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that risk management activities are adequately funded. Funding
considerations should include ensuring that risk is adequately identified, assessed, and
mitigated on a continuous basis, and that risk management activities are not treated as
discrete occasional activities.
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying risk to the organization that arises from failed risk management
processes. Deviations from the risk management plan may occur because operational risks
for assets and services vary widely, and thus the mitigation of these risks may require
process deviations. The organization must determine if the deviations are appropriate given
the risk parameters and whether the deviation will result in an impact on operational
resilience.In addition, deviations from the risk management plan may occur when
organizational units fail to follow the enterprise-sponsored process. These deviations may
affect the operational resilience of the organizational unit’s services but may also have a
cascading effect on enterprise operational resilience objectives.
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MIL4-Measured
1.
Are risk management activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are risk management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the
plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of risk management?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring risk management activities to ensure their effectiveness. These are
examples of metrics for the risk management process:
• percentage of identified assets and services for which some form of risk assessment has
been performed and documented as required by policy
• percentage of identified assets and services for which the impact or cost of compromise
has been quantified
• percentage of identified risks that do not have a defined risk disposition
• percentage of identified risks that have a defined mitigation plan against which status is
reported in accordance with policy
• percentage of identified risks that have not been tracked to closure
• change in volume of risks that have been identified over a selected period
• percentage of previously identified risks that have converted to a risk disposition of
“mitigate”
• percentage of identified assets for which a mitigation plan has been implemented to
mitigate risks as necessary and to maintain these risks within acceptable risk parameters and
risk measurement criteria
• percentage of identified services for which a mitigation plan has been implemented to
mitigate risks as necessary and to maintain these risks within acceptable risk parameters and
risk measurement criteria
• percentage of security incidents that caused damage, compromise, or loss to identified
assets or services beyond established risk parameters and risk measurement criteria
• percentage of realized risks that have exceeded established risk thresholds
• percentage of identified or realized risks that have been characterized as “high” impact
according to the organization’s risk evaluation criteria
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
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Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider reviewing activities, status, and results of the process with the immediate level of
managers responsible for the process and identify issues.
Reviews of the risk management process may result from periodic examination or postevent audits that seek to identify problems that must be corrected. Elevating the results of
these examinations to managers provides an opportunity to correct process deficiencies and
to make managers aware of variations in the risk management process that not only have
localized impact but may also affect the organization’s resilience as a whole.
Q3
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the risk management process against its
process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of risk management activities from
which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to risk management documented and shared across the organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing and tailoring process assets, including standard processes.
Subpractice:
• Select from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the risk
management
process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit or line of business.
• Establish the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring
guidelines.
• Ensure that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and
ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Document the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revise the description of the defined process as necessary.
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Risk Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Collect risk management work products, measures, measurement results, and improvement
information derived from planning and performing the process to support future use and
improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. These are examples of
improvement work products and information:
• metrics and measurements of the viability of the process
• changes and trends in operating conditions that affect risk sources and categories
• changes in risk conditions and the risk environment that affect risk parameters,
measurement criteria, or
risk dispositions
• lessons learned in post-event review of continuity exercises, incidents, and disruptions in
continuity, particularly those that result in losses or compromises that exceed risk
parameters and measurement
criteria
• process lessons learned that can be applied to improve operational resilience management
performance
and internal controls
• issues with the risk identification, analysis, prioritization, overall assessment, mitigation,
and monitoring
processes
• lessons learned from both successfully and unsuccessfully mitigating identified risks
• risk mitigation plan costs and benefits for future return on investment analysis
• resilience requirements that are not being satisfied or are being exceeded
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Risk Management
Other Observations – Risk Management
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External Dependency Management
8
External Dependency Management
MIL-1
G1
G2
G3
MIL-2
G4
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
G5 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – External dependencies are identified and prioritized to ensure sustained operation
of high-value services.
1.
Are dependencies on external relationships that are critical to the service identified?
[EXD:SG1.SP1]
2.
Has a process been established for creating and maintaining a list of external
dependencies? [EXD:SG1.SP1]
3.
Are external dependencies prioritized? [EXD:SG1.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG1.SP1] Identify External Dependencies. It is important for the organization to
identify and characterize all such external dependencies so that they can be understood,
formalized, monitored, and managed as part of the organization’s comprehensive risk
management process.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page E-2
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG1.SP1]Establish a process for creating and maintaining the list of external
dependencies and entities.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 19
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External Dependency Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG1.SP2] Apply the prioritization criteria to the list of external dependencies to
produce a prioritized list. Depending on the prioritization scheme developed by the
organization, the result might be several lists, tiers, or sets of external dependencies. Be
sure that external dependencies that are required for the successful execution of security
activities, service continuity plans, and service restoration plans are prioritized
appropriately.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 25-26
Goal 2 – Risks due to external dependencies are identified and managed.
1.
Are risks due to external dependencies identified and managed? [EXD:SG2.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG2.SP1] Identify risks due to external dependencies. Identification of risks due to
external dependencies requires an understanding of the actions of the associated external
entity in the operation, support, or resilience of the organization’s services. External
entities will be responsible for varying dependencies in the support of the organization’s
operations.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology
Systems" Appendix D
Goal 3 – Relationships with external entities formally established and maintained.
1.
Have resilience requirements of the critical service been established that apply specifically
to each external dependency? [EXD:SG3.SP2]
2.
Are these requirements reviewed and updated? [EXD:SG3.SP2]
3.
Is the ability of external entities to meet resilience requirements of the critical service
considered in the selection process? [EXD:SG3.SP3]
4.
Are resilience requirements included in formal agreements with external entities?
[EXD:SG3.SP4]
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External Dependency Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG3.SP2] For each external dependency, establish a list of resilience specifications
that apply to the responsible external entity. The process for determining and documenting
the resilience specifications that apply to an external dependency and entity will vary based
on the action of the entity in relation to the organization’s operations and the priority of the
external dependency. At a minimum, the resilience specifications should include a clear
and definitive statement of the external entity’s services, support, products, assets, or staff
on which the organization relies.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 24-26
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG3.SP2] Periodically review and update resilience specifications for external
dependencies and entities as conditions warrant
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG3.SP3] Evaluate external entities based on their abilities to meet the resilience
specifications and in accordance with the established selection criteria.
Q4
Additional References
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security Risk Organization, Mission,
and Information System View" Page 24-26
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG3.SP4] Properly document the agreement terms, conditions, specifications and
other provisions. All agreement provisions should be documented in the agreement in
language that is unambiguous. The agreement should not contain any general exceptions
for achieving the resilience specifications unless they are carefully considered and
negotiated. It may, however, contain scenarios of types of unforeseen events for which the
external entity is not expected to prepare. Any exceptions granted to resilience
specifications or scenarios for which the external entity is not required to prepare should be
treated as risks. All agreements should establish and enable procedures for monitoring the
performance of external entities and inspecting the services or products they deliver to the
organization.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" SA-4
Goal 4 – Performance of external entities is managed.
1.
Is the performance of external entities monitored against resilience requirements?
[EXD:SG4.SP1]
2.
Has responsibility been assigned for monitoring external entity performance (as related to
resilience requirements)? [EXD:SG4.SP1]
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External Dependency Management
3.
Are corrective actions taken as necessary to address issues with external entity
performance (as related to resilience requirements)? [EXD:SG4.SP2]
4.
Are corrective actions evaluated to ensure issues are remedied? [EXD:SG4.SP2]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG4.SP1] Establish procedures and responsibility for monitoring external entity
performance and inspecting any external entity deliverables. Procedures should be
consistent with the agreement between the organization and the external entity and should
be based on verifying that the external entity is achieving the specifications as defined in
the agreement. All agreement specifications should be considered for monitoring; it may be
appropriate to prioritize monitoring and inspection activities based on a risk analysis of the
specifications (which includes all external dependencies). Monitoring and inspection
procedures should address the external entity’s required characteristics, required behaviors,
and required performance parameters.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG4.SP1] Establish the responsibility for monitoring external entity performance
and inspecting any external entity deliverables. (Responsibility is typically assigned to the
organizational owner of the relationship.)
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" SA-9
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG4.SP2] The agreement should be reviewed to identify appropriate and allowable
corrective actions for consideration. The various alternatives should be evaluated based on
their likelihood to succeed in correcting the situation and mitigating any associated risks.
It may be valuable and appropriate to include the external entity in the discussion and
consideration of alternatives, especially if both the organization and the external entity
desire to continue the relationship.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" SA-12
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[EXD:SG4.SP2] Monitor as appropriate to ensure that issues are remedied in a timely
manner.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" SA-13
106 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Goal 5 – Dependencies on public services and infrastructure service providers are identified.
1.
Are public services on which the critical service depends (fire response and rescue
services, law enforcement, etc.) identified? [EC:SG4.SP3]
2.
Are infrastructure providers on which the critical service depends (telecommunications and
telephone services, energy sources, etc.) identified? [EC:SG4.SP4]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[EC:SG4.SP3] Identify and document public services on which facilities rely. Typically,
this activity results from business impact analysis. However, it can be included as part of
service continuity planning or facility asset definition, depending on the organization. A
resulting list of public services for each facility should be documented and made available
for inclusion in service continuity plans as appropriate.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for Federal Information Systems" Page
53,55
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[EC:SG4.SP4] Identify and document internal infrastructure dependencies that the
organization relies upon to provide services. Remember that these dependencies may be
internal as well as external, particularly where the organization has control over certain
aspects of facility infrastructure such as power or telecommunications that they provide for
their own operations.
Typically, this activity results from business impact analysis. However, it can be included
as part of service continuity planning or facility asset definition, depending on the
organization. A resulting list of public infrastructure providers for each facility should be
documented and made available for inclusion in service continuity plans as appropriate.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-2
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing external dependency management activities?
2.
3.
Is there a documented policy for external dependency management?
Have stakeholders for external dependency management activities been identified and
made aware of their roles?
4.
Have external dependency management activities standards and guidelines been identified
and implemented?
107 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a plan for external dependency management. A plan for performing
the external dependencies management process is developed to ensure that the organization
can satisfy its operational resilience requirements when an external entity has access to,
control of, ownership in, possession of, responsibility for (including development,
operations, maintenance, or support), or other defined obligations related to one or more
assets or services of the organization. The plan must address the enterprise and resilience
specifications for the service being performed or the product being provided (i.e., the
external dependency) by the external entity. In addition, because external entities can be
located in many geographical locations, the plan must address those external entities and
stakeholders that can enable or adversely affect operational resilience.The plan for the
external dependencies management process should not be confused with service continuity
(recovery, restoration) plans for assets and services that are under the control of external
entities. The plan for the external dependencies management process details how the
organization will manage external dependencies and relationships with external entities,
including the development of service continuity plans where such entities are involved.
Subpractice:
• Define and document the plan for performing the process.
• Define and document the process description.
• Review the plan with relevant stakeholders and get their agreement.
• Revise the plan as necessary.
108 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing policies and procedures for external dependency management. The
external dependencies management policy should address
• responsibility, authority, and ownership for performing process activities
• procedures, standards, and guidelines for - identifying and prioritizing external
dependencies
- associating external dependencies with services and assets
- managing operational risks resulting from external dependencies
- evaluating and selecting external entities
- formalizing and enforcing agreements with external entities, including changing any
provisions by mutual agreement
- developing and documenting enterprise and resilience specifications for external entities,
including organizational policies to which external entities are expected to adhere
• standards of performance and service levels
• establishing service continuity plans and procedures for external entities
• monitoring the performance of external entities, including inspecting the services or
products they deliver (Such procedures specify frequency, protocol, and responsibility for
monitoring and inspection.)
• terminating relationships with external entities as specified in formal agreements
• issue escalation and dispute resolution
• requesting, approving, providing, and terminating access for external entities
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the external dependency management process.
Examples include:
• internal and external owners and custodians of organizational assets
• internal and external service owners
• organizational unit and line of business managers responsible for high-value assets and
the services they support
• staff responsible for managing operational risks arising from external dependencies and
relationships with external entities
• staff responsible for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an internal control
system for organizational assets where an external dependency and an external entity are
involved
• staff required to develop, test, implement, and execute service continuity plans that
involve external dependencies and external entities
• acquisition and procurement staff
• internal and external auditors
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External Dependency Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines for external dependency management.
Include:
• list of external dependencies, with priorities
• criteria for prioritizing external dependencies
• affinity analyses results to inform dependency prioritization and risk identification
• information that defines external dependencies, stored as a maintainable information
repository or database
• risk statements with impact valuation
• list of external dependency risks with categorization and prioritization, risk disposition,
mitigation plans, and current status
• agreement templates, including enterprise specifications that apply to external entities
• external dependencies and resilience specifications that apply to each external entity
• RFPs, including applicable SLAs
• criteria for selecting external entities
• proposal evaluation results and decision rationale
• agreements with external entities, including contracts, memoranda of agreement,
purchase orders, and licensing agreements
• performance-monitoring reports
• relationship management databases
• inspection reports on deliverables
• corrective-action reports
• process plan
• policies and procedures
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the external dependency management
activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform external dependency management activities
as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform external dependency management activities as
planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of external dependency management activities
identified, analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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External Dependency Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the external dependency management process.
Ensure the organization:
• definite roles and responsibilities in the process plan
• includes process tasks and responsibility for these tasks in specific job descriptions
• develops policy requiring organizational unit managers, line of business managers,
project managers, and asset and service owners and custodians to participate in the process
for services and assets under their ownership or custodianship
• develops and implementing agreements, including contracts, SLAs, memoranda of
agreement, purchase orders, and licensing agreements
• includes process tasks in staff performance management goals and objectives, with
requisite measurement of progress against these goals
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in skills required in external
dependency management. These are examples of skills required in the organizational
training and awareness process:
• identifying and prioritizing external dependencies
• affinity analyses
• elicitation of resilience specifications to be reflected in RFPs and agreements with
external entities
• evaluating and selecting external entities
• negotiating agreements with external entities
• prioritizing external entities based on the priority of the external dependencies for which
the entity is responsible
• knowledge of tools, techniques, and methods that can be used to identify, analyze,
mitigate, and monitor operational risks resulting from external dependencies and from
relationships with external entities
• managing relationships with external entities
• monitoring the performance of external entities, including the inspection of deliverables
and knowing when corrective actions are called for
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that external dependency management activities are adequately funded.
Funding the process should extend beyond the initial development of the activities, but
include maintenance and refresh.
111 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk arising from insufficient external dependency management
practices. Examples of practices that might be evaluated include:
• list of external dependencies, with priorities
• criteria for prioritizing external dependencies
• affinity analyses results to inform dependency prioritization and risk identification
• information that defines external dependencies, stored as a maintainable information
repository or database
• risk statements with impact valuation
• list of external dependency risks with categorization and prioritization, risk disposition,
mitigation plans, and current status
• agreement templates, including enterprise specifications that apply to external entities
• external dependencies and resilience specifications that apply to each external entity
• RFPs, including applicable SLAs
• criteria for selecting external entities
• proposal evaluation results and decision rationale
• agreements with external entities, including contracts, memoranda of agreement,
purchase orders, and licensing agreements
• performance-monitoring reports
• relationship management databases
• inspection reports on deliverables
• corrective-action reports
• process plan
• policies and procedures
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are external dependency management activities periodically reviewed and measured to
ensure they are effective and producing intended results.
2.
Are external dependency management activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are
adhering to the plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to external dependency management?
112 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the adherence of the external dependency management process against
its process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
• number and percentage of external entities in a variety of categories, such as
- by external dependency
- by business process, by service, by asset or product
- by type of service or product provided
- by prioritized tier (based on prioritization criteria)
- by agreement type (formal contract with and without SLA, memorandum of agreement,
purchase order, licensing agreement, and other, including no type of agreement)
- by number or type of agreement changes
- by status (RFP, source selection, awarded, contract initiated, performing as expected, out
of compliance, in dispute or litigation, terminated, renewed, etc.)
- by monetary value
- by geographic region
- by operational throughput that relies upon the external entity (for example, number of
customers, transaction volume)
- by number of entities external to itself upon which the external entity relies to meet its
agreements with the organization
- by CERT-RMM capability rating
• percentage of external dependencies without designated organizational owners
• percentage of external entities without designated organizational owners
• percentage of external entities whose financial status is at risk
• percentage of external entities that have undergone some form of assessment, risk
assessment, and audit as required by policy
• percentage of external entities that
- play a key role in fulfilling service continuity plans during disruptive events
- have tested their service continuity plans, including their participation in the
organization’s service continuity plans per agreement
- failed to perform as expected during a disruptive event
• percentage of external entities whose deliverables have failed to pass inspection
• percentage of external entities with corrective actions that have not been remedied in the
designated time period
• number of external dependency risks referred to the risk management process; number of
risks where corrective action is still pending (by risk rank)
• level of adherence to process policies; number of policy violations; number of policy
exceptions requested and number approved
• number of process activities that are on track per plan
• rate of change of resource needs to support the process
• rate of change of costs to support the process
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the external dependency management
process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
113 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
External Dependency Management
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization reviews the activities, status, and results of the
external dependency management process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of the external dependency management
activities from which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating
circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to external dependency management documented and shared across the
organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to external dependency management,
that includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting external dependency management work products, measures,
measurement results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing
the process to support future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and
process assets.
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External Dependency Management
Other Observations – External Dependencies Management
115 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
9
Training and Awareness
MIL-1
G1
G2
MIL-2
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Cyber security awareness and training programs are established.
1.
Have cyber security awareness needs been identified for the critical service?
[OTA:SG1.SP1]
2.
Have required cyber security skills been identified for specific roles (administrators,
technicians, etc.) for the critical service? [HRM:SG1.SP2]
3.
Are skill gaps present in personnel responsible for cyber security identified?
[OTA:SG3.SP1]
4.
Have cyber security training needs been identified? [OTA:SG3.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG1.SP1] Analyze the organization’s operational resilience program to identify the
types and extent of awareness efforts that are necessary to satisfy resilience program
objectives. Because managing operational resilience requires acculturation of both internal
and external parties (staff), the types and extent of awareness efforts may need to be
extensive and rigorous. The objectives of awareness efforts must be clearly stated and must
help the organization achieve inculcation of staff to the organization’s philosophy of
managing operational resilience.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model"
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[HRM:SG1.SP1] Establish and document baseline competencies necessary to meet the
needs of the organization’s operational resilience management process. Baseline
competencies may be as detailed as the organization needs to describe its required skill
sets. This may involve many layers of information, including role (security administrator,
network administrator, CIO, etc.) and position (CIO, senior security analyst, network
engineer, etc.).
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model"
116 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG3.SP1] Collect information about skill gaps, cross-training, and succession
planning by reviewing the job responsibilities of staff involved in resilience processes, as
well as current performance levels.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model" Section 5
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG3.SP1] Document the resilience training needs of the organization.
The training needs should focus not only on the skills and knowledge needed to perform
particular roles in the supporting disciplines of security, business continuity, and IT
operations and service delivery, but also on the convergence aspects of these disciplines
toward operational resilience management. The training needs should also adequately
cover the capabilities represented by the operational resilience management process.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model"
Goal 2 – Awareness and training activities are conducted.
1.
Are cyber security awareness activities for the critical service conducted? [OTA:SG2.SP1]
2.
Are cyber security training activities for the critical service conducted? [OTA:SG4.SP1]
3.
Is the effectiveness of the awareness and training programs evaluated? [OTA:SG2.SP3,
OTA:SG4.SP3]
4.
Are awareness and training activities revised as needed? [OTA:SG1.SP3 and
OTA:SG3.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG2.SP1] Perform awareness activities according to the schedule and the plan.
Awareness materials are distributed to the target populations according to the schedule and
the approaches established in the plan.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model"
117 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG4.SP1] Conduct the training.Experienced instructors should perform training.
When possible, training is conducted in settings that closely resemble actual performance
conditions and includes activities to simulate actual work situations. This approach
includes integration of tools, methods, and procedures for competency development.
Training is tied to work responsibilities so that on-the-job activities or other outside
experiences will reinforce the training within a reasonable time after the training.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model"
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG2.SP3, OTA:SG4.SP3] Provide a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of
each awareness activity with respect to the objectives for that activity. For awareness
presentations, this mechanism should include evaluations of the material and the
presenters.
Provide a mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of each training course with respect to
established organizational, project, or individual learning (or performance) objectives.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model" Section 7.3.2
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
[OTA:SG1.SP3, OTA:SG3.SP3] Revise the awareness materials and supporting artifacts
as necessary.
Revise the resilience training needs of the organization as necessary.
Additional References
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information Security Training Requirements:
A Role-and Performance-Based Model" Section 4.1
118 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing training activities?
2.
Is there a documented policy for training?
3.
Have stakeholders for training activities been identified and made aware of their roles?
4.
Have training standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a plan for training and awareness.
• Special consideration in the plan may have to be given to training and awareness for skill
development, sustaining skill competencies, and reassignment planning for various roles.
These activities aid in protecting and sustaining people to support operational resilience.
• Special consideration in the plan may also have to be given to how the organization
incorporates training and awareness activities for resources that are not under its direct
control, including external entities such as contractors, outsourcing partners, training
suppliers, and other business partners.
• Define and document the process description.
• Review the plan with relevant stakeholders and get their agreement.
• Revise the plan as necessary.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing policies and procedures for training and awareness. Include the
following:
• methods and tools for building and distributing awareness messages, including pens,
mugs, posters,
signage, screen savers, newsletters, etc.
• instruments for analyzing training needs
• training workstations and other hardware needs
• instructional design tools
• packages for developing presentation materials
• tools, methods, and procedures that closely resemble actual performance conditions and
simulate actual work situations
• methods for delivering awareness and training materials, from user on-demand training to
classroom-based training
• tools for tracking awareness and training course attendance and successful and
unsuccessful completion by designated staff
• methods for evaluating the effectiveness of awareness activities, including surveys, focus
groups, interviews, etc.
• methods for evaluating the effectiveness of training activities, including testing,
assessment mechanisms, etc.
• tools used to capture and securely store training records and ensure such records are
accessed only by authorized staff
119 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the training and awareness process. Examples
include:
• staff who are required to determine the degree to which their constituencies understand
the organization’s resilience goals, objectives, standards, policies, and processes,
including:
- asset owners and custodians
- service owners
- business process owners
- organizational unit and line of business managers responsible for high-value services and
assets
• external entities responsible for managing high-value assets and services
• human resources (for ensuring the resilience of people assets)
• information technology staff (for ensuring the resilience of technology assets)
• staff responsible for physical security (for ensuring the resilience of facility assets)
• internal and external auditors
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing standards and guidelines for training and awareness. Include:
• awareness and training needs
• awareness and training plans and programs
• awareness and training records and waivers
• awareness and training materials and supporting work products
• instructor evaluation forms
• awareness and training effectiveness surveys
• survey and interview results
• awareness and training examinations and assessment results
• policies and procedures
• contracts with external entities
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of the training activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform training activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform training activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned training activities identified, analyzed,
disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
120 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the training and awareness process as needed to
ensure control over:
• awareness and training needs
• awareness and training plans and programs
• awareness and training records and waivers
• awareness and training materials and supporting work products
• instructor evaluation forms
• awareness and training effectiveness surveys
• survey and interview results
• awareness and training examinations and assessment results
• policies and procedures
• contracts with external entities
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in skills required in training and
awareness. These are examples of skills required in the organizational training and
awareness process:
• curriculum and instructional design
• course delivery
• course and instructor evaluation
• measuring the effectiveness of awareness and training materials
• structuring and conducting participant surveys and interviews
• knowledge of the tools, techniques, and methods necessary to create, deliver, and
maintain training and awareness work products, including those necessary to perform the
process using the selected methods, techniques, and tools
• knowledge unique to each operational resilience management process area and assets and
services that are the focus of these processes
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop effective process requirements, plans, and programs
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that training and awareness activities are adequately funded. Funding
the process should extend beyond the initial development of the training and awareness
programs, but include maintenance and refresh.
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk arising from insufficient training and awareness practices.
Examples of practices that might be evaluated include:
• awareness and training needs
• awareness and training plans and programs
• awareness and training records and waivers
• awareness and training materials and supporting work products
• instructor evaluation forms
• awareness and training effectiveness surveys
• survey and interview results
• awareness and training examinations and assessment results
• policies and procedures
• contracts with external entities
121 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are training activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are effective and
producing intended results?
2.
3.
Are training activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the plan?
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to the performance of training?
122 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the adherence of the training and awareness activities against their
process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the training and awareness processes against
their process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization Reviews the activities, status, and results of the
training and awareness process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Have the organization adopted a standard definition of the training activities from which
operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to training documented and shared across the organization?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to training and awareness, that
includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting training and awareness work products, measures, measurement results,
and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to support
future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
123 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Training and Awareness
Other Observations – Training and Awareness
124 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Situational Awareness
10
Situational Awareness
MIL-1
G1
G2
MIL-2
G3
MIL-3
MIL-4
MIL-5
IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 IL1 IL2 IL3 IL1 IL2
Goal 1 – Threat monitoring is performed.
1.
Has responsibility for monitoring sources of threat information been assigned?
[MON:SG1.SP2]
2.
Have threat monitoring procedures been implemented? [MON:SG2.SP2]
3.
Have resources been assigned to threat monitoring processes? [MON:SG2.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[MON:SG1.SP2] Identify stakeholders of the monitoring process. The list should include
internal and external stakeholders and should be seeded by examining operational resilience
management processes and their organizational owners. Stakeholders of the organization’s
monitoring processes are those internal and external people, entities, or agencies that require
information about the operational resilience management processes for which they have
responsibility and for which they must achieve resilience goals, objectives, and obligations.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 7-10
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[MON:SG2.SP2] Review, refine, and develop monitoring operating procedures. Detailed
processes, standard operating procedures, or work instructions may be created during
monitoring infrastructure implementation, but they will need to be regularly reviewed,
tailored, and possibly supplemented to meet ongoing monitoring needs.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 19-26
125 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Situational Awareness
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[MON:SG2.SP3] Assign resources to monitoring processes. Ensure that monitoring
support staff have received appropriate training to perform the necessary monitoring
activities. These are examples of training:
• operating, monitoring, and configuring monitoring systems components
• supporting stakeholders in understanding and interpreting monitoring data
• securing data collected from monitoring systems components
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for
Federal Information Systems and Organizations" Page 16-17
Goal 2 – The requirements for communicating threat information are established.
1.
Have internal stakeholders (such as the critical service owner and incident management
staff) been identified to whom threat information must be communicated?
[COMM:SG1.SP1]
2.
Have external stakeholders (such as emergency management personnel, regulatory, and
information sharing organizations) been identified to whom threat information must be
communicated? [COMM:SG1.SP1]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[COMM:SG1.SP1] Identify relevant stakeholders that may have a vested interest or vital
role in communications about resilience. When determining which stakeholders to include
in the list, consider
• rationale for stakeholder involvement
• roles and responsibilities of the relevant stakeholders
• relationships between stakeholders
• relative importance of the stakeholder to success of the program
• resources (e.g., training, materials, time, and funding) needed to ensure stakeholder
interaction.
Stakeholders and their communications needs may be defined as a part of other operational
resilience management processes. For example, the communication needs of staff involved
in the incident management process may be defined by that process. These communications
requirements should be considered independently of the processes and practices in the
Communications process area because they have a specialized purpose and involve specific
stakeholders.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" Page 22-23
126 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Situational Awareness
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[COMM:SG1.SP1] Establish a plan that describes the involvement of all communications
stakeholders. The plan identifies all internal and external stakeholders, including their roles
and classes, as well as the types, frequencies, and levels of communication they are to
receive in specified circumstances.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security Continuous Monitoring for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" Page 22-24
Goal 3 – Threat information is communicated.
1.
2.
Is threat information communicated to stakeholders? [COMM:SG3.SP2]
Have resources been assigned authority and accountability for communicating threat
information? [COMM:SG2.SP3]
3.
Have resources been trained with respect to their specific role in communicating threat
information? [COMM:SG2.SP3]
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
[COMM:SG3.SP2] Communicate threat information to stakeholders. Implement and
manage communications infrastructure. From a generic standpoint, the organization’s
communications infrastructure must support communications requirements from
stakeholders.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems"
Page 14-15
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
[COMM:SG2.SP3] Assign resources to communications processes roles and
responsibilities. Staff are assigned authority and accountability for carrying out the
communications plan and program.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-3
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
[COMM:SG2.SP3] Ensure that organizational training is provided to communications staff
respective to the specific resilience communications role they perform. This is especially
important for communications roles in other operational resilience management processes
such as incident management and in the execution of service continuity plans.
Additional References
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended Security Controls for Federal
Information Systems and Organizations" CP-3
MIL2-Planned
1.
Is there a documented plan for performing situational awareness activities?
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Situational Awareness
2.
Is there a documented policy for situational awareness?
3.
Have stakeholders for situational awareness activities been identified and made aware of
their roles?
4.
Have situational awareness standards and guidelines been identified and implemented?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing a plan for situational awareness.
Special consideration in the plan may have to be given to information acquisition, sustaining
skill competencies, and planning for changes in the operating environment. These activities
aid in protecting and sustaining critical services.
Special consideration in the plan may also have to be given to how the organization
validates and communicates about cyber security information, and how the organization will
maintain a common operating picture.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider developing policies and procedures for situational awareness. Include the
following:
• methods and tools for rapidly learning cyber security information,
• processes that will enable effective analysis of cyber security information
• criteria that might be used to evaluate sources of cyber security information.
• identification of methods of communicating cyber security information across the
organization to enable a common operating picture
• repositories of cyber security information
• Possible actions that the organization might take in an effort to temporarily reduce its
attack surface in the event of inclement cyber security information.
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Situational Awareness
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider identifying stakeholders of the situational awareness process. Examples include:
• owners of high-value services and supporting assets (for which plans must be developed)
• custodians of high-value services and supporting assets (who may need to execute or
participate in plans)
• organizational unit and line of business managers responsible for high-value services and
supporting assets
• staff involved in developing plans
• external entities on which service continuity plans are dependent, such as public
emergency management staff and other public agencies, partners, and suppliers
• external entities responsible for managing high-value services
• external entities to which the organization is a supplier
• regulatory and legal entities to which the organization is required to submit service
continuity plans
• staff involved in versioning, storing, archiving, and securing plans
• staff involved in testing plans
• internal and external auditors
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider sponsoring standards, and guidelines, including procedures, standards, and
guidelines for
• monitoring cyber security information
• recording relevant cyber security information
• evaluating sources of cyber security information
• communicating cyber security information
• reducing the organization's attack surface
• methods for measuring adherence to policy, exceptions granted, and policy violations.
MIL3-Managed
1.
Is there management oversight of the performance of situational awareness activities?
2.
Have qualified staff been assigned to perform situational awareness activities as planned?
3.
Is there adequate funding to perform situational awareness activities as planned?
4.
Are risks related to the performance of planned situational awareness activities identified,
analyzed, disposed of, monitored, and controlled?
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Situational Awareness
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider conducting periodic reviews of the situational awareness process as needed to
ensure that:
• the process is a planned and coordinated activity
• process planning is driven by managing and mitigating organizational risk
• internal and external dependencies that affect the process and service continuity plans are
identified and considered
• the effectiveness of situational awareness plans is measured
• the process is improved based on testing and experience in executing plans
• status reports are provided to appropriate stakeholders in a timely manner
• process issues are referred to the risk management process when necessary
• actions requiring management involvement are elevated in a timely manner
• the performance of process activities is being monitored and regularly reported
• key measures are within acceptable ranges as demonstrated in governance dashboards or
scorecards and financial reports
• actions resulting from internal and external audits are being closed in a timely manner
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that responsible staff are trained in the skills necessary to perform
situational awareness. Such skills include:
• knowledge necessary to elicit and prioritize stakeholder requirements and needs and
interpret them to develop situational awareness plans and programs, including the process
plan
• knowledge required to identify relevant sources of cyber security information
• communication skills for conveying the contents of situational awareness plans to
stakeholders
• knowledge required to identify methods to establish a common operating picture
• knowledge required to identify methods of reducing the organization's attack surface in
response to a hostile environment.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that situational awareness activities are adequately funded .Funding the
process should extend beyond the initial development of situational awareness activities,
tools, and processes to ensure that the organization maintains a capability to ensure the
resilience of essential services.
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider managing risk from the failure of the situational awareness process. Failures can
occur in:
• planning for the process
• making decisions about the process
• making commitments to plans and activities as well as the process plan
• effective communication about cyber security
• development of a common operating picture
• development of effective plans to reduce the organization's attack surface.
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Situational Awareness
MIL4-Measured
1.
Are situational awareness activities periodically reviewed and measured to ensure they are
effective and producing intended results?
2.
Are situational awareness activities periodically reviewed to ensure they are adhering to the
plan?
3.
Is higher-level management aware of issues related to situational awareness?
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider measuring the situational awareness process against its process description,
standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance. Examples of measurement include:
• number of sources of cyber security evaluated for trustworthiness
• percentage of stakeholders who receive cyber security information within the defined
thresholds
• percentage of services that have attack surface reduction plans
• number of stakeholders who seek situational awareness information out on a daily basis.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider objectively evaluating adherence of the situational awareness process against its
process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliance.
Q3
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider ensuring that the organization Reviews the activities, status, and results of the
situational awareness process with higher-level managers and resolves issues.
MIL5-Defined
1.
Has the organization adopted a standard definition of the situational awareness activities
from which operating units can derive practices that fit their unique operating
circumstances?
2.
Are improvements to situational awareness activities documented and shared across the
organization?
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Situational Awareness
Option(s) for Consideration:
Q1
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider establishing an organization-wide approach to situational awareness, that includes:
• Selecting from the organization’s set of standard processes those processes that cover the
asset definition and management process and best meet the needs of the organizational unit
or line of business.
• Establishing the defined process by tailoring the selected processes according to the
organization’s tailoring guidelines.
• Ensuring that the organization’s process objectives are appropriately addressed in the
defined process, and ensure that process governance extends to the tailored processes.
• Documenting the defined process and the records of the tailoring.
• Revising the description of the defined process as necessary.
Q2
CERT-RMM Reference
Consider collecting situational awareness work products, measures, measurement results,
and improvement information derived from planning and performing the process to support
future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
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Situational Awareness
Other Observations – Situational Awareness
133 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
List of Resources Referenced in this Report
Resource Name
URL
"A Complete Guide to the Common Vulnerability Scoring
System Version 2.0"
"Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information
Security Risk Assessment Process"
CERT Resilience Management Model (CERT®-RMM)
http://www.first.org/cvss/cvss-guide.pdf
Draft Special Publication 800-16 Revision 1 "Information
Security Training Requirements: A Role-and PerformanceBased Model"
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization
of Federal Information and Information Systems
FIPS Publication 200 "Minimum Security Requirements for
Federal information and information Systems"
Handbook for Computer Security Incident Response Teams
(CSIRTs)
Managing for Enterprise Security
Special Publication 800-18 Revision 1 "Guide for Developing
Security Plans for Federal Information Systems"
Special Publication 800-30 "Risk Management Guide for
Information Technology Systems"
Special Publication 800-34 "Contingency Planning for
Federal Information Systems"
Special Publication 800-37 Revision 1"Guide for Applying
the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information
Systems"
Special Publication 800-39 "Managing Information Security
Risk Organization, Mission, and Information System View"
Special Publication 800-40 Version 3.0 "Creating a Patch
Management and Vulnerability Management Program"
Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4 "Recommended
Security Controls for Federal Information Systems and
Organizations"
Special Publication 800-61 "Computer Security Incident
Handling guide"
Special Publication 800-70 "National Checklist Program for
IT Products: Guidelines for Checklist Users and Developers"
Special Publication 800-84 "Guide to Test, Training, and
Exercise Programs for IT Plans and Capabilities"
Special Publication 800-128 "Guide for Security
Configuration Management of Information Systems"
Special Publication 800-137 "Information Security
Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) for Federal Information
Systems and Organizations"
http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/07tr012.pdf
http://www.cert.org/resiliency/rmm.html
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-16rev1/draft_sp800_16_rev1_2nd-draft.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips199/FIPSPUB-199-final.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips200/FIPS200-final-march.pdf
http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/csirthandbook.pdf
http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/managinges0412.p
df
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-18Rev1/sp800-18-Rev1-final.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-30rev1/sp800_30_r1.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-34rev1/sp800-34-rev1_errata-Nov11-2010.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-37rev1/sp800-37-rev1-final.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/80039/SP800-39-final.pdf
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublication
s/NIST.SP.800-40r3.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-53r4
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublication
s/NIST.SP.800-61r2.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-70rev2/SP800-70-rev2.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/80084/SP800-84.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800128/sp800-128.pdf
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800137/SP800-137-Final.pdf
134 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
Contact Information for Questions Related to this Report
For any questions regarding the CRR Self-Assessment please email [email protected].
135 | CRR Self-Assessment V 7.0.0
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | CRR Self Assessment |
| Subject | The Cyber Resilience Review Self-Assessment Package allows an organization to examine practices in ten domains of cybersecurity |
| Author | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
| File Modified | 2016-09-27 |
| File Created | 2016-06-01 |