Authorizing legislation - Combatting Autism

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

120 STAT. 2821

Public Law 109–416
109th Congress
An Act
To amend the Public Health Service Act to combat autism through research, screening, intervention and education.

Dec. 19, 2006
[S. 843]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

Combating
Autism Act of
2006.
42 USC 201 note.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Combating Autism Act of 2006’’.
SEC. 2. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE; IMPROVING AUTISM-RELATED
RESEARCH.

(a) CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE REGARDING RESEARCH ON
AUTISM.—Section 409C of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C.284g) is amended—
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘AUTISM’’ and
inserting ‘‘AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER’’;
(2) by striking the term ‘‘autism’’ each place such term
appears (other than the section heading) and inserting ‘‘autism
spectrum disorder’’; and
(3) in subsection (a)—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
and
(B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
‘‘(1) EXPANSION OF ACTIVITIES.—The Director of NIH (in
this section referred to as the ‘Director’) shall, subject to the
availability of appropriations, expand, intensify, and coordinate
the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect
to research on autism spectrum disorder, including basic and
clinical research in fields including pathology, developmental
neurobiology, genetics, epigenetics, pharmacology, nutrition,
immunology, neuroimmunology, neurobehavioral development,
endocrinology, gastroenterology, and toxicology. Such research
shall investigate the cause (including possible environmental
causes), diagnosis or rule out, early detection, prevention, services, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum
disorder.
‘‘(2) CONSOLIDATION.—The Director may consolidate program activities under this section if such consolidation would
improve program efficiencies and outcomes.’’.
(b) CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE GENERALLY.—Part A of title IV
of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 281 et seq.) is amended
by adding at the end the following:





























































































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120 STAT. 2822

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

42 USC 283j.

‘‘SEC. 404H. REVIEW OF CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE.

Deadline.
Reports.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1, 2008, and periodically
thereafter, the Secretary, acting through the Director of NIH, shall
conduct a review and submit a report to the appropriate committees
of the Congress on the centers of excellence.
‘‘(b) REPORT CONTENTS.—Each report under subsection (a) shall
include the following:
‘‘(1) Evaluation of the performance and research outcomes
of each center of excellence.
‘‘(2) Recommendations for promoting coordination of
information among centers of excellence.
‘‘(3) Recommendations for improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and outcomes of the centers of excellence.
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘center of excellence’
means an entity receiving funding under this title in its capacity
as a center of excellence.’’.
SEC.

3.

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
RESEARCH PROGRAM.

SURVEILLANCE

AND

(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Public Health Service Act
(42 U.S.C. 241 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:

‘‘PART R—PROGRAMS RELATING TO AUTISM
42 USC 280i.

‘‘SEC. 399AA. DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES SURVEILLANCE AND
RESEARCH PROGRAM.

‘‘(a) AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
may award grants or cooperative agreements to eligible entities
for the collection, analysis, and reporting of State epidemiological data on autism spectrum disorder and other developmental
disabilities. An eligible entity shall assist with the development
and coordination of State autism spectrum disorder and other
developmental disability surveillance efforts within a region.
In making such awards, the Secretary may provide direct technical assistance in lieu of cash.
‘‘(2) DATA STANDARDS.—In submitting epidemiological data
to the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1), an eligible entity
shall report data according to guidelines prescribed by the
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
after consultation with relevant State and local public health
officials, private sector developmental disability researchers,
and advocates for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
or other developmental disabilities.
‘‘(3) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive an award under
paragraph (1), an entity shall be a public or nonprofit private
entity (including a health department of a State or a political
subdivision of a State, a university, or any other educational
institution), and submit to the Secretary an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such information
as the Secretary may require.
‘‘(b) CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
EPIDEMIOLOGY.—



























































































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PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

120 STAT. 2823

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, award grants
or cooperative agreements for the establishment of regional
centers of excellence in autism spectrum disorder and other
developmental disabilities epidemiology for the purpose of collecting and analyzing information on the number, incidence,
correlates, and causes of autism spectrum disorder and other
developmental disabilities.
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To be eligible to receive a grant or
cooperative agreement under paragraph (1), an entity shall
submit to the Secretary an application containing such agreements and information as the Secretary may require, including
an agreement that the center to be established under the grant
or cooperative agreement shall operate in accordance with the
following:
‘‘(A) The center will collect, analyze, and report autism
spectrum disorder and other developmental disability data
according to guidelines prescribed by the Director of the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, after consultation with relevant State and local public health officials,
private sector developmental disability researchers, and
advocates for individuals with developmental disabilities.
‘‘(B) The center will develop or extend an area of special
research expertise (including genetics, epigenetics, and
epidemiological research related to environmental exposures), immunology, and other relevant research specialty
areas.
‘‘(C) The center will identify eligible cases and controls
through its surveillance system and conduct research into
factors which may cause or increase the risk of autism
spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.
‘‘(c) FEDERAL RESPONSE.—The Secretary shall coordinate the
Federal response to requests for assistance from State health,
mental health, and education department officials regarding potential or alleged autism spectrum disorder or developmental disability
clusters.
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this part:
‘‘(1) OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES.—The term ‘other
developmental disabilities’ has the meaning given the term
‘developmental disability’ in section 102(8) of the Developmental
Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C.
15002(8)).
‘‘(2) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of the several
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.
‘‘(e) SUNSET.—This section shall not apply after September
30, 2011.

Grants.
Contracts.

‘‘SEC. 399BB. AUTISM EDUCATION, EARLY DETECTION, AND INTERVENTION.

42 USC 280i–1.

‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section—
‘‘(1) to increase awareness, reduce barriers to screening
and diagnosis, promote evidence-based interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental





























































































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120 STAT. 2824

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

disabilities, and train professionals to utilize valid and reliable
screening tools to diagnose or rule out and provide evidencebased interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder
and other developmental disabilities; and
‘‘(2) to conduct activities under this section with a focus
on an interdisciplinary approach (as defined in programs developed under section 501(a)(2) of the Social Security Act) that
will also focus on specific issues for children who are not
receiving an early diagnosis and subsequent interventions.
‘‘(b) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, establish and evaluate activities to—
‘‘(1) provide information and education on autism spectrum
disorder and other developmental disabilities to increase public
awareness of developmental milestones;
‘‘(2) promote research into the development and validation
of reliable screening tools for autism spectrum disorder and
other developmental disabilities and disseminate information
regarding those screening tools;
‘‘(3) promote early screening of individuals at higher risk
for autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities as early as practicable, given evidence-based screening
techniques and interventions;
‘‘(4) increase the number of individuals who are able to
confirm or rule out a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
and other developmental disabilities;
‘‘(5) increase the number of individuals able to provide
evidence-based interventions for individuals diagnosed with
autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities;
and
‘‘(6) promote the use of evidence-based interventions for
individuals at higher risk for autism spectrum disorder and
other developmental disabilities as early as practicable.
‘‘(c) INFORMATION AND EDUCATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out subsection (b)(1), the
Secretary, in collaboration with the Secretary of Education
and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, provide culturally competent information regarding autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities, risk factors, characteristics, identification,
diagnosis or rule out, and evidence-based interventions to meet
the needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder or
other developmental disabilities and their families through—
‘‘(A) Federal programs, including—
‘‘(i) the Head Start program;
‘‘(ii) the Early Start program;
‘‘(iii) the Healthy Start program;
‘‘(iv) programs under the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990;
‘‘(v) programs under title XIX of the Social Security
Act (particularly the Medicaid Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Program);
‘‘(vi) the program under title XXI of the Social
Security Act (the State Children’s Health Insurance
Program);
‘‘(vii) the program under title V of the Social Security Act (the Maternal and Child Health Block Grant
Program);





























































































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PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

120 STAT. 2825

‘‘(viii) the program under parts B and C of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act;
‘‘(ix) the special supplemental nutrition program
for women, infants, and children established under
section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C.
1786); and
‘‘(x) the State grant program under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
‘‘(B) State licensed child care facilities; and
‘‘(C) other community-based organizations or points of
entry for individuals with autism spectrum disorder and
other developmental disabilities to receive services.
‘‘(2) LEAD AGENCY.—
‘‘(A) DESIGNATION.—As a condition on the provision
of assistance or the conduct of activities under this section
with respect to a State, the Secretary may require the
Governor of the State—
‘‘(i) to designate a public agency as a lead agency
to coordinate the activities provided for under paragraph (1) in the State at the State level; and
‘‘(ii) acting through such lead agency, to make
available to individuals and their family members,
guardians, advocates, or authorized representatives;
providers; and other appropriate individuals in the
State, comprehensive culturally competent information
about State and local resources regarding autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities,
risk factors, characteristics, identification, diagnosis or
rule out, available services and supports, and evidencebased interventions.
‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS OF AGENCY.—In designating the
lead agency under subparagraph (A)(i), the Governor
shall—
‘‘(i) select an agency that has demonstrated experience and expertise in—
‘‘(I) autism spectrum disorder and other
developmental disability issues; and
‘‘(II) developing, implementing, conducting,
and administering programs and delivering education,
information,
and
referral
services
(including technology-based curriculum-development services) to individuals with developmental
disabilities and their family members, guardians,
advocates or authorized representatives, providers,
and other appropriate individuals locally and
across the State; and
‘‘(ii) consider input from individuals with developmental disabilities and their family members, guardians, advocates or authorized representatives, providers, and other appropriate individuals.
‘‘(C) INFORMATION.—Information under subparagraph
(A)(ii) shall be provided through—
‘‘(i) toll-free telephone numbers;
‘‘(ii) Internet websites;
‘‘(iii) mailings; or
‘‘(iv) such other means as the Governor may
require.





























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Communications
and telecommunications.
Websites.











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120 STAT. 2826

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006
‘‘(d) TOOLS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To promote the use of valid and reliable
screening tools for autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities, the Secretary shall develop a curriculum
for continuing education to assist individuals in recognizing
the need for valid and reliable screening tools and the use
of such tools.
‘‘(2) COLLECTION, STORAGE, COORDINATION, AND AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary, in collaboration with the Secretary
of Education, shall provide for the collection, storage, coordination, and public availability of tools described in paragraph
(1), educational materials and other products that are used
by the Federal programs referred to in subsection (c)(1)(A),
as well as—
‘‘(A) programs authorized under the Developmental
Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000;
‘‘(B) early intervention programs or interagency coordinating councils authorized under part C of the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act; and
‘‘(C) children with special health care needs programs
authorized under title V of the Social Security Act.
‘‘(3) REQUIRED SHARING.—In establishing mechanisms and
entities under this subsection, the Secretary, and the Secretary
of Education, shall ensure the sharing of tools, materials, and
products developed under this subsection among entities
receiving funding under this section.
‘‘(e) DIAGNOSIS.—
‘‘(1) TRAINING.—The Secretary, in coordination with activities conducted under title V of the Social Security Act, shall,
subject to the availability of appropriations, expand existing
interdisciplinary training opportunities or opportunities to
increase the number of sites able to diagnose or rule out individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental
disabilities and ensure that—
‘‘(A) competitive grants or cooperative agreements are
awarded to public or nonprofit agencies, including institutions of higher education, to expand existing or develop
new maternal and child health interdisciplinary leadership
education in neurodevelopmental and related disabilities
programs (similar to the programs developed under section
501(a)(2) of the Social Security Act) in States that do not
have such a program;
‘‘(B) trainees under such training programs—
‘‘(i) receive an appropriate balance of academic,
clinical, and community opportunities;
‘‘(ii) are culturally competent;
‘‘(iii) are ethnically diverse;
‘‘(iv) demonstrate a capacity to evaluate, diagnose
or rule out, develop, and provide evidence-based interventions to individuals with autism spectrum disorder
and other developmental disabilities; and
‘‘(v) demonstrate an ability to use a family-centered
approach; and
‘‘(C) program sites provide culturally competent services.
‘‘(2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary may award
one or more grants under this section to provide technical

Grants.
Contracts.





























































































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PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

120 STAT. 2827

assistance to the network of interdisciplinary training programs.
‘‘(3) BEST PRACTICES.—The Secretary shall promote
research into additional valid and reliable tools for shortening
the time required to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of autism
spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities and
detecting individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other
developmental disabilities at an earlier age.
‘‘(f) INTERVENTION.—The Secretary shall promote research,
through grants or contracts, to determine the evidence-based practices for interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
or other developmental disabilities, develop guidelines for those
interventions, and disseminate information related to such research
and guidelines.
‘‘(g) SUNSET.—This section shall not apply after September
30, 2011.

Grants.
Contracts.

42 USC 280i–2.

‘‘SEC. 399CC. INTERAGENCY AUTISM COORDINATING COMMITTEE.

‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a committee, to be known as the ‘Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Committee’), to coordinate
all efforts within the Department of Health and Human Services
concerning autism spectrum disorder.
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In carrying out its duties under this
section, the Committee shall—
‘‘(1) develop and annually update a summary of advances
in autism spectrum disorder research related to causes, prevention, treatment, early screening, diagnosis or rule out, intervention, and access to services and supports for individuals with
autism spectrum disorder;
‘‘(2) monitor Federal activities with respect to autism spectrum disorder;
‘‘(3) make recommendations to the Secretary regarding any
appropriate changes to such activities, including recommendations to the Director of NIH with respect to the strategic plan
developed under paragraph (5);
‘‘(4) make recommendations to the Secretary regarding
public participation in decisions relating to autism spectrum
disorder;
‘‘(5) develop and annually update a strategic plan for the
conduct of, and support for, autism spectrum disorder research,
including proposed budgetary requirements; and
‘‘(6) submit to the Congress such strategic plan and any
updates to such plan.
‘‘(c) MEMBERSHIP.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Committee shall be composed of—
‘‘(A) the Director of the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention;
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institutes of Health,
and the Directors of such national research institutes of
the National Institutes of Health as the Secretary determines appropriate;
‘‘(C) the heads of such other agencies as the Secretary
determines appropriate;
‘‘(D) representatives of other Federal Governmental
agencies that serve individuals with autism spectrum disorder such as the Department of Education; and





























































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Strategic plan.

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120 STAT. 2828

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

‘‘(E) the additional members appointed under paragraph (2).
‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL MEMBERS.—Not fewer than 6 members
of the Committee, or 1/3 of the total membership of the Committee, whichever is greater, shall be composed of non-Federal
public members to be appointed by the Secretary, of which—
‘‘(A) at least one such member shall be an individual
with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder;
‘‘(B) at least one such member shall be a parent or
legal guardian of an individual with an autism spectrum
disorder; and
‘‘(C) at least one such member shall be a representative
of leading research, advocacy, and service organizations
for individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
‘‘(d) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT; TERMS OF SERVICE; OTHER
PROVISIONS.—The following provisions shall apply with respect to
the Committee:
‘‘(1) The Committee shall receive necessary and appropriate
administrative support from the Secretary.
‘‘(2) Members of the Committee appointed under subsection
(c)(2) shall serve for a term of 4 years, and may be reappointed
for one or more additional 4 year term. Any member appointed
to fill a vacancy for an unexpired term shall be appointed
for the remainder of such term. A member may serve after
the expiration of the member’s term until a successor has
taken office.
‘‘(3) The Committee shall meet at the call of the chairperson
or upon the request of the Secretary. The Committee shall
meet not fewer than 2 times each year.
‘‘(4) All meetings of the Committee shall be public and
shall include appropriate time periods for questions and presentations by the public.
‘‘(e) SUBCOMMITTEES; ESTABLISHMENT AND MEMBERSHIP.—In
carrying out its functions, the Committee may establish subcommittees and convene workshops and conferences. Such subcommittees
shall be composed of Committee members and may hold such
meetings as are necessary to enable the subcommittees to carry
out their duties.
‘‘(f) SUNSET.—This section shall not apply after September 30,
2011, and the Committee shall be terminated on such date.

Applicability.

42 USC 280i–3.

‘‘SEC. 399DD. REPORT TO CONGRESS.

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 4 years after the date of
enactment of the Combating Autism Act of 2006, the Secretary,
in coordination with the Secretary of Education, shall prepare and
submit to the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
of the Senate and the Energy and Commerce Committee of the
House of Representatives a progress report on activities related
to autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.
‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—The report submitted under subsection (a)
shall contain—
‘‘(1) a description of the progress made in implementing
the provisions of the Combating Autism Act of 2006;
‘‘(2) a description of the amounts expended on the
implementation of the particular provisions of Combating
Autism Act of 2006;





























































































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PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

120 STAT. 2829

‘‘(3) information on the incidence of autism spectrum disorder and trend data of such incidence since the date of enactment of the Combating Autism Act of 2006;
‘‘(4) information on the average age of diagnosis for children
with autism spectrum disorder and other disabilities, including
how that age may have changed over the 4-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act;
‘‘(5) information on the average age for intervention for
individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and other
developmental disabilities, including how that age may have
changed over the 4-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act;
‘‘(6) information on the average time between initial
screening and then diagnosis or rule out for individuals with
autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities,
as well as information on the average time between diagnosis
and evidence-based intervention for individuals with autism
spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities;
‘‘(7) information on the effectiveness and outcomes of interventions for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, including by various subtypes, and other developmental
disabilities and how the age of the child may affect such
effectiveness;
‘‘(8) information on the effectiveness and outcomes of
innovative and newly developed intervention strategies for
individuals with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities; and
‘‘(9) information on services and supports provided to
individuals with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities who have reached the age of majority (as
defined for purposes of section 615(m) of the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1415(m)).’’.
(b) REPEALS.—The following sections of the Children’s Health
Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–310) are repealed:
(1) Section 102 (42 U.S.C. 247b–4b), relating to the Developmental Disabilities Surveillance and Research Program.
(2) Section 103 (42 U.S.C. 247b–4c), relating to information
and education.
(3) Section 104 (42 U.S.C. 247b–4d), relating to the InterAgency Autism Coordinating Committee.
(4) Section 105 (42 U.S.C. 247b–4e), relating to reports.
SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Part R of title III of the Public Health Service
Act, as added by section 3, is amended by adding at the end
the following:
42 USC 280i–4.

‘‘SEC. 399EE. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

‘‘(a)

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES SURVEILLANCE AND
RESEARCH PROGRAM.—To carry out section 399AA, there are authorized to be appropriated the following:
‘‘(1) For fiscal year 2007, $15,000,000.
‘‘(2) For fiscal year 2008, $16,500,000.
‘‘(3) For fiscal year 2009, $18,000,000.
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2010, $19,500,000.
‘‘(5) For fiscal year 2011, $21,000,000.



























































































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120 STAT. 2830

PUBLIC LAW 109–416—DEC. 19, 2006

‘‘(b) AUTISM EDUCATION, EARLY DETECTION, AND INTERVENcarry out section 399BB, there are authorized to be
appropriated the following:
‘‘(1) For fiscal year 2007, $32,000,000.
‘‘(2) For fiscal year 2008, $37,000,000.
‘‘(3) For fiscal year 2009, $42,000,000.
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2010, $47,000,000.
‘‘(5) For fiscal year 2011, $52,000,000.
‘‘(c) INTERAGENCY AUTISM COORDINATING COMMITTEE; CERTAIN
OTHER PROGRAMS.—To carry out section 399CC, 409C, and section
404H, there are authorized to be appropriated the following:
‘‘(1) For fiscal year 2007, $100,000,000.
‘‘(2) For fiscal year 2008, $114,500,000.
‘‘(3) For fiscal year 2009, $129,000,000.
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2010, $143,500,000.
‘‘(5) For fiscal year 2011, $158,000,000.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 409C of the Public
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284g) is amended by striking subsection (e) (relating to funding).
TION.—To

Approved December 19, 2006.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 843:
SENATE REPORTS: No. 109–318 (Comm. on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 152 (2006):
Aug. 3, considered and passed Senate.
Dec. 6, considered and passed House, amended.
Dec. 7, Senate concurred in House amendment.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 42 (2006):
Dec. 19, Presidential statement.

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