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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

115 STAT. 597

Public Law 107–71
107th Congress
An Act
To improve aviation security, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Aviation and Transportation
Security Act’’.

Nov. 19, 2001
[S. 1447]
Aviation and
Transportation
Security Act.
49 USC 40101
note.

TITLE I—AVIATION SECURITY
SEC. 101. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘§ 114. Transportation Security Administration
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Transportation Security Administration
shall be an administration of the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(b) UNDER SECRETARY.—
‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—The head of the Administration shall
be the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security. The
Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate.
‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Under Secretary must—
‘‘(A) be a citizen of the United States; and
‘‘(B) have experience in a field directly related to
transportation or security.
‘‘(3) TERM.—The term of office of an individual appointed
as the Under Secretary shall be 5 years.
‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON OWNERSHIP OF STOCKS AND BONDS.—The
Under Secretary may not own stock in or bonds of a transportation
or security enterprise or an enterprise that makes equipment that
could be used for security purposes.
‘‘(d) FUNCTIONS.—The Under Secretary shall be responsible for
security in all modes of transportation, including—
‘‘(1) carrying out chapter 449, relating to civil aviation
security, and related research and development activities; and
‘‘(2) security responsibilities over other modes of transportation that are exercised by the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(e) SCREENING OPERATIONS.—The Under Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) be responsible for day-to-day Federal security screening
operations for passenger air transportation and intrastate air
transportation under sections 44901 and 44935;

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115 STAT. 598

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

‘‘(2) develop standards for the hiring and retention of security screening personnel;
‘‘(3) train and test security screening personnel; and
‘‘(4) be responsible for hiring and training personnel to
provide security screening at all airports in the United States
where screening is required under section 44901, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the heads of
other appropriate Federal agencies and departments.
‘‘(f) ADDITIONAL DUTIES AND POWERS.—In addition to carrying
out the functions specified in subsections (d) and (e), the Under
Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) receive, assess, and distribute intelligence information
related to transportation security;
‘‘(2) assess threats to transportation;
‘‘(3) develop policies, strategies, and plans for dealing with
threats to transportation security;
‘‘(4) make other plans related to transportation security,
including coordinating countermeasures with appropriate
departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United
States Government;
‘‘(5) serve as the primary liaison for transportation security
to the intelligence and law enforcement communities;
‘‘(6) on a day-to-day basis, manage and provide operational
guidance to the field security resources of the Administration,
including Federal Security Managers as provided by section
44933;
‘‘(7) enforce security-related regulations and requirements;
‘‘(8) identify and undertake research and development
activities necessary to enhance transportation security;
‘‘(9) inspect, maintain, and test security facilities, equipment, and systems;
‘‘(10) ensure the adequacy of security measures for the
transportation of cargo;
‘‘(11) oversee the implementation, and ensure the adequacy,
of security measures at airports and other transportation facilities;
‘‘(12) require background checks for airport security
screening personnel, individuals with access to secure areas
of airports, and other transportation security personnel;
‘‘(13) work in conjunction with the Administrator of the
Federal Aviation Administration with respect to any actions
or activities that may affect aviation safety or air carrier operations;
‘‘(14) work with the International Civil Aviation Organization and appropriate aeronautic authorities of foreign governments under section 44907 to address security concerns on
passenger flights by foreign air carriers in foreign air transportation; and
‘‘(15) carry out such other duties, and exercise such other
powers, relating to transportation security as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, to the extent authorized by law.
‘‘(g) NATIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the direction and control of
the Secretary, the Under Secretary, during a national emergency, shall have the following responsibilities:

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115 STAT. 599

‘‘(A) To coordinate domestic transportation, including
aviation, rail, and other surface transportation, and maritime transportation (including port security).
‘‘(B) To coordinate and oversee the transportationrelated responsibilities of other departments and agencies
of the Federal Government other than the Department
of Defense and the military departments.
‘‘(C) To coordinate and provide notice to other departments and agencies of the Federal Government, and appropriate agencies of State and local governments, including
departments and agencies for transportation, law enforcement, and border control, about threats to transportation.
‘‘(D) To carry out such other duties, and exercise such
other powers, relating to transportation during a national
emergency as the Secretary shall prescribe.
‘‘(2) AUTHORITY OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.—
The authority of the Under Secretary under this subsection
shall not supersede the authority of any other department
or agency of the Federal Government under law with respect
to transportation or transportation-related matters, whether
or not during a national emergency.
‘‘(3) CIRCUMSTANCES.—The Secretary shall prescribe the
circumstances constituting a national emergency for purposes
of this subsection.
‘‘(h) MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY INFORMATION.—In consultation
with the Transportation Security Oversight Board, the Under Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) enter into memoranda of understanding with Federal
agencies or other entities to share or otherwise cross-check
as necessary data on individuals identified on Federal agency
databases who may pose a risk to transportation or national
security;
‘‘(2) establish procedures for notifying the Administrator
of the Federal Aviation Administration, appropriate State and
local law enforcement officials, and airport or airline security
officers of the identity of individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat
to airline or passenger safety;
‘‘(3) in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies
and air carriers, establish policies and procedures requiring
air carriers—
‘‘(A) to use information from government agencies to
identify individuals on passenger lists who may be a threat
to civil aviation or national security; and
‘‘(B) if such an individual is identified, notify appropriate law enforcement agencies, prevent the individual
from boarding an aircraft, or take other appropriate action
with respect to that individual; and
‘‘(4) consider requiring passenger air carriers to share passenger lists with appropriate Federal agencies for the purpose
of identifying individuals who may pose a threat to aviation
safety or national security.
‘‘(i) VIEW OF NTSB.—In taking any action under this section
that could affect safety, the Under Secretary shall give great weight
to the timely views of the National Transportation Safety Board.
‘‘(j) ACQUISITIONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary is authorized—

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

‘‘(A) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or
otherwise) such real property, or any interest therein,
within and outside the continental United States, as the
Under Secretary considers necessary;
‘‘(B) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or
otherwise) and to construct, repair, operate, and maintain
such personal property (including office space and patents),
or any interest therein, within and outside the continental
United States, as the Under Secretary considers necessary;
‘‘(C) to lease to others such real and personal property
and to provide by contract or otherwise for necessary facilities for the welfare of its employees and to acquire, maintain, and operate equipment for these facilities;
‘‘(D) to acquire services, including such personal services as the Secretary determines necessary, and to acquire
(by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise) and to
construct, repair, operate, and maintain research and
testing sites and facilities; and
‘‘(E) in cooperation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, to utilize the research and
development facilities of the Federal Aviation Administration.
‘‘(2) TITLE.—Title to any property or interest therein
acquired pursuant to this subsection shall be held by the
Government of the United States.
‘‘(k) TRANSFERS OF FUNDS.—The Under Secretary is authorized
to accept transfers of unobligated balances and unexpended balances of funds appropriated to other Federal agencies (as such
term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5) to carry out functions
transferred, on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation
and Transportation Security Act, by law to the Under Secretary.
‘‘(l) REGULATIONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary is authorized to
issue, rescind, and revise such regulations as are necessary
to carry out the functions of the Administration.
‘‘(2) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law or executive order (including an executive order
requiring a cost-benefit analysis), if the Under Secretary
determines that a regulation or security directive must
be issued immediately in order to protect transportation
security, the Under Secretary shall issue the regulation
or security directive without providing notice or an opportunity for comment and without prior approval of the Secretary.
‘‘(B) REVIEW BY TRANSPORTATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT
BOARD.—Any regulation or security directive issued under
this paragraph shall be subject to review by the Transportation Security Oversight Board established under section
115. Any regulation or security directive issued under this
paragraph shall remain effective unless disapproved by
the Board or rescinded by the Under Secretary.
‘‘(3) FACTORS TO CONSIDER.—In determining whether to
issue, rescind, or revise a regulation under this section, the
Under Secretary shall consider, as a factor in the final determination, whether the costs of the regulation are excessive
in relation to the enhancement of security the regulation will

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115 STAT. 601

provide. The Under Secretary may waive requirements for an
analysis that estimates the number of lives that will be saved
by the regulation and the monetary value of such lives if
the Under Secretary determines that it is not feasible to make
such an estimate.
‘‘(4) AIRWORTHINESS OBJECTIONS BY FAA.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall not take
an aviation security action under this title if the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration notifies the
Under Secretary that the action could adversely affect the
airworthiness of an aircraft.
‘‘(B)
REVIEW
BY
SECRETARY.—Notwithstanding
subparagraph (A), the Under Secretary may take such
an action, after receiving a notification concerning the
action from the Administrator under subparagraph (A),
if the Secretary of Transportation subsequently approves
the action.
‘‘(m) PERSONNEL AND SERVICES; COOPERATION BY UNDER SECRETARY.—
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY OF UNDER SECRETARY.—In carrying out the
functions of the Administration, the Under Secretary shall have
the same authority as is provided to the Administrator of
the Federal Aviation Administration under subsections (l) and
(m) of section 106.
‘‘(2) AUTHORITY OF AGENCY HEADS.—The head of a Federal
agency shall have the same authority to provide services, supplies, equipment, personnel, and facilities to the Under Secretary as the head has to provide services, supplies, equipment,
personnel, and facilities to the Administrator of the Federal
Aviation Administration under section 106(m).
‘‘(n) PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.—The personnel
management system established by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under section 40122 shall apply to
employees of the Transportation Security Administration, or, subject
to the requirements of such section, the Under Secretary may
make such modifications to the personnel management system with
respect to such employees as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, such as adopting aspects of other personnel systems of
the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(o) ACQUISITION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.—The acquisition
management system established by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under section 40110 shall apply to
acquisitions of equipment, supplies, and materials by the Transportation Security Administration, or, subject to the requirements of
such section, the Under Secretary may make such modifications
to the acquisition management system with respect to such acquisitions of equipment, supplies, and materials as the Under Secretary
considers appropriate, such as adopting aspects of other acquisition
management systems of the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(p) AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.—The Transportation
Security Administration shall be subject to the Inspector General
Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) and other laws relating to the authority
of the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation.
‘‘(q) LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary may designate an
employee of the Transportation Security Administration to
serve as a law enforcement officer.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

‘‘(2) POWERS.—While engaged in official duties of the
Administration as required to fulfill the responsibilities under
this section, a law enforcement officer designated under paragraph (1) may—
‘‘(A) carry a firearm;
‘‘(B) make an arrest without a warrant for any offense
against the United States committed in the presence of
the officer, or for any felony cognizable under the laws
of the United States if the officer has probable cause to
believe that the person to be arrested has committed or
is committing the felony; and
‘‘(C) seek and execute warrants for arrest or seizure
of evidence issued under the authority of the United States
upon probable cause that a violation has been committed.
‘‘(3) GUIDELINES ON EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY.—The
authority provided by this subsection shall be exercised in
accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Under Secretary,
in consultation with the Attorney General of the United States,
and shall include adherence to the Attorney General’s policy
on use of deadly force.
‘‘(4) REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF AUTHORITY.—The
powers authorized by this subsection may be rescinded or suspended should the Attorney General determine that the Under
Secretary has not complied with the guidelines prescribed in
paragraph (3) and conveys the determination in writing to
the Secretary of Transportation and the Under Secretary.
‘‘(r) AUTHORITY TO EXEMPT.—The Under Secretary may grant
an exemption from a regulation prescribed in carrying out this
section if the Under Secretary determines that the exemption is
in the public interest.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for chapter 1 of
such title is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘114. Transportation Security Administration.’’.

5 USC 5313 note.

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(c) POSITION OF UNDER SECRETARY IN EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 5313 of title 5, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security.’’.
(2) BONUS ELIGIBILITY.—In addition to the annual rate
of pay authorized by section 5313 of title 5, United States
Code, the Under Secretary may receive a bonus for any calendar
year not to exceed 30 percent of the annual rate of pay, based
on the Secretary’s evaluation of the Under Secretary’s performance.
(3) CONFORMING CHANGE.—Section 106(r)(2)(A) of title 49,
United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Operating Officer shall
be paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be determined
by the Administrator, with the approval of the Air Traffic
Services Subcommittee of the Aviation Management
Advisory Council. The annual rate may not exceed the
annual compensation paid under section 102 of title 3.
The Chief Operating Officer shall be subject to the postemployment provisions of section 207 of title 18 as if the
position of Chief Operating Officer were described in section
207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.’’.

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115 STAT. 603

(d) COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES.—The last sentence
of section 106(m) of such title is amended by striking ‘‘supplies
and’’ and inserting ‘‘supplies, personnel, services, and’’.
(e) SECURITY AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.—
Section 40119 of such title is amended—
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration’’ and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary
of Transportation for Security’’;
(2) in subsections (b) and (c) by striking ‘‘Administrator’’
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary’’; and
(3) in subsection (b)(1)(C) by striking ‘‘air’’.
(f) REFERENCES TO FAA IN CHAPTER 449.—Chapter 449 of
such title is amended—
(1) in section 44904(b)(5) by striking ‘‘the Administration’’
and inserting ‘‘the Transportation Security Administration’’;
(2) in the second sentence of section 44913(a)(1) by striking
‘‘of the Administration’’ and inserting ‘‘of the Transportation
Security Administration’’;
(3) in section 44916(a)—
(A) in the first sentence by striking ‘‘Administrator’’
and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary of Transportation for Security’’; and
(B) in the second sentence by striking ‘‘Administration’’
and inserting ‘‘Transportation Security Administration’’;
(4) in each of sections 44933(a) and 44934(b) by striking
‘‘Assistant Administrator for Civil Aviation Security’’ and
inserting ‘‘Under Secretary’’;
(5) in section 44934(b)(1) by striking ‘‘Assistant Administrator’’ and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary’’;
(6) by striking sections 44931 and 44932 and the items
relating to such sections in the analysis for such chapter;
(7) by striking ‘‘Administrator’’ each place it appears in
such chapter (except in subsections (f) and (h) of section 44936)
and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary’’;
(8) by striking ‘‘Administrator’s’’ each place it appears in
such chapter and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary’s’’; and
(9) by striking ‘‘of the Federal Aviation Administration’’
each place it appears in such chapter (except in section 44936(f))
and inserting ‘‘of Transportation for Security’’.
(g) TRANSITION PROVISIONS.—
(1) SCHEDULE FOR ASSUMPTION OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY
FUNCTIONS.—Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security shall assume civil aviation security functions and
responsibilities under chapter 449 of title 49, United States
Code, as amended by this Act, in accordance with a schedule
to be developed by the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with air carriers, foreign air carriers, and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. The Under Secretary shall publish an appropriate notice of the transfer of
such security functions and responsibilities before assuming
the functions and responsibilities.
(2) ASSUMPTION OF CONTRACTS.—As of the date specified
in paragraph (1), the Under Secretary may assume the rights
and responsibilities of an air carrier or foreign air carrier
contract for provision of passenger screening services at airports
in the United States described in section 44903(c), subject to

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49 USC 44901–
44906, 44911–
44916, 44934–
44938.
49 USC 44903.
49 USC 44902–
44906, 44911–
44915, 44934–
44938.
49 USC 44901
note.
Deadline.

Notice.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001
payment of adequate compensation to parties to the contract,
if any.
(3) ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon request of the Under Secretary,
an air carrier or foreign air carrier carrying out a screening
or security function under chapter 449 of title 49, United
States Code, may enter into an agreement with the Under
Secretary to transfer any contract the carrier has entered
into with respect to carrying out the function, before the
Under Secretary assumes responsibility for the function.
(B) SCHEDULE.—The Under Secretary may enter into
an agreement under subparagraph (A) as soon as possible,
but not later than 90 days after the date of enactment
of this Act. The Under Secretary may enter into such
an agreement for one 180-day period and may extend such
agreement for one 90-day period if the Under Secretary
determines it necessary.
(4) TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP.—In recognition of the
assumption of the financial costs of security screening of passengers and property at airports, and as soon as practical
after the date of enactment of this Act, air carriers may enter
into agreements with the Under Secretary to transfer the
ownership, at no cost to the United States Government, of
any personal property, equipment, supplies, or other material
associated with such screening, regardless of the source of
funds used to acquire the property, that the Secretary determines to be useful for the performance of security screening
of passengers and property at airports.
(5) PERFORMANCE OF UNDER SECRETARY’S FUNCTIONS
DURING INTERIM PERIOD.—Until the Under Secretary takes
office, the functions of the Under Secretary that relate to aviation security may be carried out by the Secretary or the Secretary’s designee.

SEC. 102. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT BOARD.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
Establishment.

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‘‘§ 115. Transportation Security Oversight Board
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the Department of
Transportation a board to be known as the ‘Transportation Security
Oversight Board’.
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—
‘‘(1) NUMBER AND APPOINTMENT.—The Board shall be composed of 7 members as follows:
‘‘(A) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary’s
designee.
‘‘(B) The Attorney General, or the Attorney General’s
designee.
‘‘(C) The Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary’s designee.
‘‘(D) The Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary’s
designee.
‘‘(E) The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency,
or the Director’s designee.
‘‘(F) One member appointed by the President to represent the National Security Council.

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‘‘(G) One member appointed by the President to represent the Office of Homeland Security.
‘‘(2) CHAIRPERSON.—The Chairperson of the Board shall
be the Secretary of Transportation.
‘‘(c) DUTIES.—The Board shall—
‘‘(1) review and ratify or disapprove any regulation or security directive issued by the Under Secretary of Transportation
for security under section 114(l)(2) within 30 days after the
date of issuance of such regulation or directive;
‘‘(2) facilitate the coordination of intelligence, security, and
law enforcement activities affecting transportation;
‘‘(3) facilitate the sharing of intelligence, security, and law
enforcement information affecting transportation among Federal agencies and with carriers and other transportation providers as appropriate;
‘‘(4) explore the technical feasibility of developing a common
database of individuals who may pose a threat to transportation
or national security;
‘‘(5) review plans for transportation security;
‘‘(6) make recommendations to the Under Secretary
regarding matters reviewed under paragraph (5).
‘‘(d) QUARTERLY MEETINGS.—The Board shall meet at least
quarterly.
‘‘(e) CONSIDERATION OF SECURITY INFORMATION.—A majority
of the Board may vote to close a meeting of the Board to the
public, except that meetings shall be closed to the public whenever
classified, sensitive security information, or information protected
in accordance with section 40119(b), will be discussed.’’.
(b) POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.—Section 44911(b) of such title
is amended by striking ‘‘international’’.
(c) STRATEGIC PLANNING.—Section 44911(c) of such title is
amended by striking ‘‘consider placing’’ and inserting ‘‘place’’.
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for chapter 1 of
such title is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘115. Transportation Security Oversight Board.’’.
SEC. 103. FEDERAL SECURITY MANAGERS.

Section 44933 of title 49, United States Code, is amended
to read as follows:
‘‘§ 44933. Federal Security Managers
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT, DESIGNATION, AND STATIONING.—The
Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall establish the
position of Federal Security Manager at each airport in the United
States described in section 44903(c). The Under Secretary shall
designate individuals as Managers for, and station those Managers
at, those airports.
‘‘(b) DUTIES AND POWERS.—The Manager at each airport shall—
‘‘(1) oversee the screening of passengers and property at
the airport; and
‘‘(2) carry out other duties prescribed by the Under Secretary.’’.
SEC. 104. IMPROVED FLIGHT DECK INTEGRITY MEASURES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—As soon as possible after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—

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49 USC 44903
note.

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(1) issue an order (without regard to the provisions of
chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code)—
(A) prohibiting access to the flight deck of aircraft
engaged in passenger air transportation or intrastate air
transportation that are required to have a door between
the passenger and pilot compartments under title 14, Code
of Federal Regulations, except to authorized persons;
(B) requiring the strengthening of the flight deck door
and locks on any such aircraft operating in air transportation or intrastate air transportation that has a rigid
door in a bulkhead between the flight deck and the passenger area to ensure that the door cannot be forced open
from the passenger compartment;
(C) requiring that such flight deck doors remain locked
while any such aircraft is in flight except when necessary
to permit access and egress by authorized persons; and
(D) prohibiting the possession of a key to any such
flight deck door by any member of the flight crew who
is not assigned to the flight deck; and
(2) take such other action, including modification of safety
and security procedures and flight deck redesign, as may be
necessary to ensure the safety and security of the aircraft.
(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF OTHER METHODS.—As soon as possible
after such date of enactment, the Administrator of the Federal
Aviation Administration may develop and implement methods—
(1) to use video monitors or other devices to alert pilots
in the flight deck to activity in the cabin, except that the
use of such monitors or devices shall be subject to nondisclosure
requirements applicable to cockpit video recordings under section 1114(c);
(2) to ensure continuous operation of an aircraft transponder in the event of an emergency; and
(3) to revise the procedures by which cabin crews of aircraft
can notify flight deck crews of security breaches and other
emergencies, including providing for the installation of switches
or other devices or methods in an aircraft cabin to enable
flight crews to discreetly notify the pilots in the case of a
security breach occurring in the cabin.
(c) COMMUTER AIRCRAFT.—The Administrator shall investigate
means of securing the flight deck of scheduled passenger aircraft
operating in air transportation or intrastate air transportation that
do not have a rigid fixed door with a lock between the passenger
compartment and the flight deck and issue such an order as the
Administrator deems appropriate to ensure the inaccessibility, to
the greatest extent feasible, of the flight deck while the aircraft
is so operating, taking into consideration such aircraft operating
in regions where there is minimal threat to aviation security or
national security.
SEC. 105. DEPLOYMENT OF FEDERAL AIR MARSHALS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘§ 44917. Deployment of Federal air marshals
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security under the authority provided by section 44903(d)—

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‘‘(1) may provide for deployment of Federal air marshals
on every passenger flight of air carriers in air transportation
or intrastate air transportation;
‘‘(2) shall provide for deployment of Federal air marshals
on every such flight determined by the Secretary to present
high security risks;
‘‘(3) shall provide for appropriate training, supervision, and
equipment of Federal air marshals;
‘‘(4) shall require air carriers providing flights described
in paragraph (1) to provide seating for a Federal air marshal
on any such flight without regard to the availability of seats
on the flight and at no cost to the United States Government
or the marshal;
‘‘(5) may require air carriers to provide, on a space-available
basis, to an off-duty Federal air marshal a seat on a flight
to the airport nearest the marshal’s home at no cost to the
marshal or the United States Government if the marshal is
traveling to that airport after completing his or her security
duties;
‘‘(6) may enter into agreements with Federal, State, and
local agencies under which appropriately-trained law enforcement personnel from such agencies, when traveling on a flight
of an air carrier, will carry a firearm and be prepared to
assist Federal air marshals;
‘‘(7) shall establish procedures to ensure that Federal air
marshals are made aware of any armed or unarmed law
enforcement personnel on board an aircraft; and
‘‘(8) may appoint—
‘‘(A) an individual who is a retired law enforcement
officer;
‘‘(B) an individual who is a retired member of the
Armed Forces; and
‘‘(C) an individual who has been furloughed from an
air carrier crew position in the 1-year period beginning
on September 11, 2001,
as a Federal air marshal, regardless of age, if the individual
otherwise meets the background and fitness qualifications
required for Federal air marshals.
‘‘(b) LONG DISTANCE FLIGHTS.—In making the determination
under subsection (a)(2), nonstop, long distance flights, such as those
targeted on September 11, 2001, should be a priority.
‘‘(c) INTERIM MEASURES.—Until the Under Secretary completes
implementation of subsection (a), the Under Secretary may use,
after consultation with and concurrence of the heads of other Federal agencies and departments, personnel from those agencies and
departments, on a nonreimbursable basis, to provide air marshal
service.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for chapter 449
of such title is amended by adding after the item relating to section
44916 the following:
‘‘44917. Deployment of Federal air marshals.’’.

(c) BASIC PAY DEFINED.—Section 8331(3)(E) of title 5, United
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(E) availability pay—
‘‘(i) received by a criminal investigator under section 5545a of this title; or

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‘‘(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal of the Department of Transportation,
subject to all restrictions and earning limitations
imposed on criminal investigators under section
5545a;’’.

SEC. 106. IMPROVED AIRPORT PERIMETER ACCESS SECURITY.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44903 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(h) IMPROVED AIRPORT PERIMETER ACCESS SECURITY.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in consultation
with the airport operator and law enforcement authorities,
may order the deployment of such personnel at any secure
area of the airport as necessary to counter the risk of criminal
violence, the risk of aircraft piracy at the airport, the risk
to air carrier aircraft operations at the airport, or to meet
national security concerns.
‘‘(2) SECURITY OF AIRCRAFT AND GROUND ACCESS TO SECURE
AREAS.—In determining where to deploy such personnel, the
Under Secretary shall consider the physical security needs of
air traffic control facilities, parked aircraft, aircraft servicing
equipment, aircraft supplies (including fuel), automobile
parking facilities within airport perimeters or adjacent to
secured facilities, and access and transition areas at airports
served by other means of ground or water transportation.
‘‘(3) DEPLOYMENT OF FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL.—The Secretary may enter into a memorandum of
understanding or other agreement with the Attorney General
or the head of any other appropriate Federal law enforcement
agency to deploy Federal law enforcement personnel at an
airport in order to meet aviation safety and security concerns.
‘‘(4)
AIRPORT
PERIMETER
SCREENING.—The
Under
Secretary—
‘‘(A) shall require, as soon as practicable after the
date of enactment of this subsection, screening or inspection
of all individuals, goods, property, vehicles, and other equipment before entry into a secured area of an airport in
the United States described in section 44903(c);
‘‘(B) shall prescribe specific requirements for such
screening and inspection that will assure at least the same
level of protection as will result from screening of passengers and their baggage;
‘‘(C) shall establish procedures to ensure the safety
and integrity of—
‘‘(i) all persons providing services with respect to
aircraft providing passenger air transportation or
intrastate air transportation and facilities of such persons at an airport in the United States described in
section 44903(c);
‘‘(ii) all supplies, including catering and passenger
amenities, placed aboard such aircraft, including the
sealing of supplies to ensure easy visual detection of
tampering; and
‘‘(iii) all persons providing such supplies and facilities of such persons;
‘‘(D) shall require vendors having direct access to the
airfield and aircraft to develop security programs; and

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‘‘(E) may provide for the use of biometric or other
technology that positively verifies the identity of each
employee and law enforcement officer who enters a secure
area of an airport.’’.
(b) SMALL AND MEDIUM AIRPORTS.—
(1) TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—The
Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall develop
a plan to—
(A) provide technical support to airports, each of which
had less than 1 percent of the total annual enplanements
in the United States for the most recent calendar year
for which data is available, to enhance security operations;
and
(B) provide financial assistance to those airports to
defray the costs of enhancing security.
(2) REMOVAL OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.—
(A) CERTIFICATION BY OPERATOR.—If the operator of
an airport described in paragraph (1), after consultation
with the appropriate State and local law enforcement
authorities, determines that safeguards are in place to
sufficiently protect public safety, and so certifies in writing
to the Under Secretary, then any security rule, order, or
other directive restricting the parking of passenger vehicles
shall not apply at that airport after the applicable time
period specified in subparagraph (B), unless the Under
Secretary, taking into account individual airport circumstances, notifies the airport operator that the safeguards in place do not adequately respond to specific security risks and that the restriction must be continued in
order to ensure public safety.
(B) COUNTERMAND PERIOD.—The time period within
which the Secretary may notify an airport operator, after
receiving a certification under subparagraph (A), that a
restriction must be continued in order to ensure public
safety at the airport is—
(i) 15 days for a nonhub airport (as defined in
section 41714(h) of title 49, United States Code);
(ii) 30 days for a small hub airport (as defined
in such section);
(iii) 60 days for a medium hub airport (as defined
in such section); and
(iv) 120 days for an airport that had at least 1
percent of the total annual enplanements in the United
States for the most recent calendar year for which
data is available.
(c) IMPROVEMENT OF SECURED-AREA ACCESS CONTROL.—Section
44903(g)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘weaknesses by January 31, 2001;’’ in
subparagraph (A) and inserting ‘‘weaknesses;’’;
(2) by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the following:
‘‘(D) on an ongoing basis, assess and test for compliance
with access control requirements, report annually findings
of the assessments, and assess the effectiveness of penalties
in ensuring compliance with security procedures and take
any other appropriate enforcement actions when noncompliance is found;’’;

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(3) by striking ‘‘program by January 31, 2001;’’ in subparagraph (F) and inserting ‘‘program;’’; and
(4) by striking subparagraph (G) and inserting the following:
‘‘(G) work with airport operators to strengthen access
control points in secured areas (including air traffic control
operations areas, maintenance areas, crew lounges, baggage handling areas, concessions, and catering delivery
areas) to ensure the security of passengers and aircraft
and consider the deployment of biometric or similar technologies that identify individuals based on unique personal
characteristics.’’.
(d) AIRPORT SECURITY PILOT PROGRAM.—Section 44903(c) of
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end
the following:
‘‘(3) PILOT PROGRAMS.—The Administrator shall establish
pilot programs in no fewer than 20 airports to test and evaluate
new and emerging technology for providing access control and
other security protections for closed or secure areas of the
airports. Such technology may include biometric or other technology that ensures only authorized access to secure areas.’’.
(e) AIRPORT SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAMS.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall require scheduled passenger air carriers, and airports in the United States described
in section 44903(c) to develop security awareness programs for
airport employees, ground crews, gate, ticket, and curbside agents
of the air carriers, and other individuals employed at such airports.
SEC. 107. CREW TRAINING.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
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‘‘§ 44918. Crew training
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, appropriate law enforcement, security, and terrorism experts, representatives of air carriers and labor organizations representing individuals
employed in commercial aviation, shall develop detailed guidance
for a scheduled passenger air carrier flight and cabin crew training
program to prepare crew members for potential threat conditions.
‘‘(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The guidance shall require such
a program to include, at a minimum, elements that address the
following:
‘‘(1) Determination of the seriousness of any occurrence.
‘‘(2) Crew communication and coordination.
‘‘(3) Appropriate responses to defend oneself.
‘‘(4) Use of protective devices assigned to crew members
(to the extent such devices are required by the Administrator
or Under Secretary).
‘‘(5) Psychology of terrorists to cope with hijacker behavior
and passenger responses.
‘‘(6) Live situational training exercises regarding various
threat conditions.
‘‘(7) Flight deck procedures or aircraft maneuvers to defend
the aircraft.

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‘‘(8) Any other subject matter deemed appropriate by the
Administrator.
‘‘(c) AIR CARRIER PROGRAMS.—Within 60 days after the
Administrator issues the guidance under subsection (a) in final
form, each air carrier shall develop a flight and cabin crew training
program in accordance with that guidance and submit it to the
Administrator for approval. Within 30 days after receiving an air
carrier’s program under this subsection, the Administrator shall
review the program and approve it or require the air carrier to
make any revisions deemed necessary by the Administrator for
the program to meet the guidance requirements.
‘‘(d) TRAINING.—Within 180 days after the Administrator
approves the training program developed by an air carrier under
this section, the air carrier shall complete the training of all flight
and cabin crews in accordance with that program.
‘‘(e) UPDATES.—The Administrator shall update the training
guidance issued under subsection (a) from time to time to reflect
new or different security threats and require air carriers to revise
their programs accordingly and provide additional training to their
flight and cabin crews.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for
chapter 449 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting
after the item relating to section 44917 the following:

Deadline.

Deadline.

‘‘44918. Crew training.’’.
SEC. 108. SECURITY SCREENING BY PRIVATE COMPANIES.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘§ 44919. Security screening pilot program
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Under Secretary shall
establish a pilot program under which, upon approval of an application submitted by an operator of an airport, the screening of passengers and property at the airport under section 44901 will be
carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified private
screening company under a contract entered into with the Under
Secretary.
‘‘(b) PERIOD OF PILOT PROGRAM.—The pilot program under this
section shall begin on the last day of the 1-year period beginning
on the date of enactment of this section and end on the last
day of the 3-year period beginning on such date of enactment.
‘‘(c) APPLICATIONS.—An operator of an airport may submit to
the Under Secretary an application to participate in the pilot program under this section.
‘‘(d) SELECTION OF AIRPORTS.—From among applications submitted under subsection (c), the Under Secretary may select for
participation in the pilot program not more than 1 airport from
each of the 5 airport security risk categories, as defined by the
Under Secretary.
‘‘(e) SUPERVISION OF SCREENED PERSONNEL.—The Under Secretary shall provide Federal Government supervisors to oversee
all screening at each airport participating in the pilot program
under this section and provide Federal Government law enforcement
officers at the airport pursuant to this chapter.
‘‘(f) QUALIFIED PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANY.—A private
screening company is qualified to provide screening services at
an airport participating in the pilot program under this section

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if the company will only employ individuals to provide such services
who meet all the requirements of this chapter applicable to Federal
Government personnel who perform screening services at airports
under this chapter and will provide compensation and other benefits
to such individuals that are not less than the level of compensation
and other benefits provided to such Federal Government personnel
in accordance with this chapter.
‘‘(g) STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANIES.—The
Under Secretary may enter into a contract with a private screening
company to provide screening at an airport participating in the
pilot program under this section only if the Under Secretary determines and certifies to Congress that the private screening company
is owned and controlled by a citizen of the United States, to the
extent that the Under Secretary determines that there are private
screening companies owned and controlled by such citizens.
‘‘(h) TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS.—The Under Secretary may
terminate any contract entered into with a private screening company to provide screening services at an airport under the pilot
program if the Under Secretary finds that the company has failed
repeatedly to comply with any standard, regulation, directive, order,
law, or contract applicable to the hiring or training of personnel
to provide such services or to the provision of screening at the
airport.
‘‘(i) ELECTION.—If a contract is in effect with respect to
screening at an airport under the pilot program on the last day
of the 3-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this
section, the operator of the airport may elect to continue to have
such screening carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified
private screening company under a contract entered into with the
Under Secretary under section 44920 or by Federal Government
personnel in accordance with this chapter.
‘‘§ 44920. Security screening opt-out program
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—On or after the last day of the 2-year period
beginning on the date on which the Under Secretary transmits
to Congress the certification required by section 110(c) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, an operator of an airport
may submit to the Under Secretary an application to have the
screening of passengers and property at the airport under section
44901 to be carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified
private screening company under a contract entered into with the
Under Secretary.
‘‘(b) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.—The Under Secretary may
approve any application submitted under subsection (a).
‘‘(c) QUALIFIED PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANY.—A private
screening company is qualified to provide screening services at
an airport under this section if the company will only employ
individuals to provide such services who meet all the requirements
of this chapter applicable to Federal Government personnel who
perform screening services at airports under this chapter and will
provide compensation and other benefits to such individuals that
are not less than the level of compensation and other benefits
provided to such Federal Government personnel in accordance with
this chapter.
‘‘(d) STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANIES.—The
Under Secretary may enter into a contract with a private screening
company to provide screening at an airport under this section

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only if the Under Secretary determines and certifies to Congress
that—
‘‘(1) the level of screening services and protection provided
at the airport under the contract will be equal to or greater
than the level that would be provided at the airport by Federal
Government personnel under this chapter; and
‘‘(2) the private screening company is owned and controlled
by a citizen of the United States, to the extent that the Under
Secretary determines that there are private screening companies owned and controlled by such citizens.
‘‘(e) SUPERVISION OF SCREENED PERSONNEL.—The Under Secretary shall provide Federal Government supervisors to oversee
all screening at each airport at which screening services are provided under this section and provide Federal Government law
enforcement officers at the airport pursuant to this chapter.
‘‘(f) TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS.—The Under Secretary may
terminate any contract entered into with a private screening company to provide screening services at an airport under this section
if the Under Secretary finds that the company has failed repeatedly
to comply with any standard, regulation, directive, order, law, or
contract applicable to the hiring or training of personnel to provide
such services or to the provision of screening at the airport.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The analysis for such subchapter
is amended by adding after the item relating to section 44918
the following:
‘‘44919. Security screening pilot program.
‘‘44920. Security screening opt-out program.’’.
SEC. 109. ENHANCED SECURITY MEASURES.

49 USC 114 note.

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security may take the following actions:
(1) Require effective 911 emergency call capability for telephones serving passenger aircraft and passenger trains.
(2) Establish a uniform system of identification for all
State and local law enforcement personnel for use in obtaining
permission to carry weapons in aircraft cabins and in obtaining
access to a secured area of an airport, if otherwise authorized
to carry such weapons.
(3) Establish requirements to implement trusted passenger
programs and use available technologies to expedite the security
screening of passengers who participate in such programs,
thereby allowing security screening personnel to focus on those
passengers who should be subject to more extensive screening.
(4) In consultation with the Commissioner of the Food
and Drug Administration, develop alternative security procedures under which a medical product to be transported on
a flight of an air carrier would not be subject to an inspection
that would irreversibly damage the product.
(5) Provide for the use of technologies, including wireless
and wire line data technologies, to enable the private and
secure communication of threats to aid in the screening of
passengers and other individuals on airport property who are
identified on any State or Federal security-related data base
for the purpose of having an integrated response coordination
of various authorized airport security forces.
(6) In consultation with the Administrator of the Federal
Aviation Administration, consider whether to require all pilot

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licenses to incorporate a photograph of the license holder and
appropriate biometric imprints.
(7) Provide for the use of voice stress analysis, biometric,
or other technologies to prevent a person who might pose a
danger to air safety or security from boarding the aircraft
of an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air transportation
or intrastate air transportation.
(8) Provide for the use of technology that will permit
enhanced instant communications and information between airborne passenger aircraft and appropriate individuals or facilities on the ground.
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the Under Secretary
has implemented or decided not to take each of the actions specified
in subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall transmit to Congress
a report on the progress of the Under Secretary in evaluating
and taking such actions, including any legislative recommendations
that the Under Secretary may have for enhancing transportation
security.
SEC. 110. SCREENING.

(a) REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF WAYS TO STRENGTHEN SECURITY.—Section 44932(c) of title 49, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘x-ray’’ in paragraph (4);
(2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph (4);
(3) by striking ‘‘passengers.’’ in paragraph (5) and inserting
‘‘passengers;’’; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(6) to strengthen and enhance the ability to detect or
neutralize nonexplosive weapons, such as biological, chemical,
or similar substances; and
‘‘(7) to evaluate such additional measures as may be appropriate to enhance inspection of passengers, baggage, and
cargo.’’.
(b) PASSENGERS AND PROPERTY.—Section 44901 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (h); and
(2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the
following:
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security shall provide for the screening of all passengers and property, including United States mail, cargo, carry-on and checked
baggage, and other articles, that will be carried aboard a passenger
aircraft operated by an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air
transportation or intrastate air transportation. In the case of flights
and flight segments originating in the United States, the screening
shall take place before boarding and shall be carried out by a
Federal Government employee (as defined in section 2105 of title
5, United States Code), except as otherwise provided in section
44919 or 44920 and except for identifying passengers and baggage
for screening under the CAPPS and known shipper programs and
conducting positive bag-match programs.
‘‘(b) SUPERVISION OF SCREENING.—All screening of passengers
and property at airports in the United States where screening
is required under this section shall be supervised by uniformed
Federal personnel of the Transportation Security Administration

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who shall have the power to order the dismissal of any individual
performing such screening.
‘‘(c) CHECKED BAGGAGE.—A system must be in operation to
screen all checked baggage at all airports in the United States
as soon as practicable but not later than the 60th day following
the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security
Act.
‘‘(d) EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation
for Security shall take all necessary action to ensure that—
‘‘(A) explosive detection systems are deployed as soon
as possible to ensure that all United States airports
described in section 44903(c) have sufficient explosive
detection systems to screen all checked baggage no later
than December 31, 2002, and that as soon as such systems
are in place at an airport, all checked baggage at the
airport is screened by those systems; and
‘‘(B) all systems deployed under subparagraph (A) are
fully utilized; and
‘‘(C) if explosive detection equipment at an airport
is unavailable, all checked baggage is screened by an alternative means.
‘‘(e) MANDATORY SCREENING WHERE EDS NOT YET AVAILABLE.—As soon as practicable but not later than the 60th day
following the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation
Security Act and until the requirements of subsection (b)(1)(A)
are met, the Under Secretary shall require alternative means for
screening any piece of checked baggage that is not screened by
an explosive detection system. Such alternative means may include
1 or more of the following:
‘‘(1) A bag-match program that ensures that no checked
baggage is placed aboard an aircraft unless the passenger who
checked the baggage is aboard the aircraft.
‘‘(2) Manual search.
‘‘(3) Search by canine explosive detection units in combination with other means.
‘‘(4) Other means or technology approved by the Under
Secretary.
‘‘(f) CARGO DEADLINE.—A system must be in operation to screen,
inspect, or otherwise ensure the security of all cargo that is to
be transported in all-cargo aircraft in air transportation and intrastate air transportation as soon as practicable after the date of
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act.
‘‘(g) DEPLOYMENT OF ARMED PERSONNEL.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall order the
deployment of law enforcement personnel authorized to carry
firearms at each airport security screening location to ensure
passenger safety and national security.
‘‘(2) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS.—Except at airports required
to enter into agreements under subsection (c), the Under Secretary shall order the deployment of at least 1 law enforcement
officer at each airport security screening location. At the 100
largest airports in the United States, in terms of annual passenger enplanements for the most recent calendar year for
which data are available, the Under Secretary shall order the
deployment of additional law enforcement personnel at airport
security screening locations if the Under Secretary determines

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Deadline.

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that the additional deployment is necessary to ensure passenger
safety and national security.’’.
(c) DEADLINE FOR DEPLOYMENT OF FEDERAL SCREENERS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation
for Security shall deploy at all airports in the United States
where screening is required under section 44901 of title 49,
United States Code, a sufficient number of Federal screeners,
Federal Security Managers, Federal security personnel, and
Federal law enforcement officers to conduct the screening of
all passengers and property under section 44901 of such title
at such airports.
(2) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 year
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary
shall transmit to Congress a certification that the requirement
of paragraph (1) has been met.
(d) REPORTS.—
(1) DEPLOYMENT.—Within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security shall report to the Committee on Commerce, Science,
and Transportation of the Senate and to the Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the deployment of the systems required by section
44901(c) of title 49, United States Code. The Under Secretary
shall include in the report—
(A) an installation schedule;
(B) the dates of installation of each system; and
(C) the date on which each system installed is operational.
(2) SCREENING OF SMALL AIRCRAFT.—Within 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of
Transportation for Security shall transmit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
House of Representatives on the screening requirements
applicable to passengers boarding, and property being carried
aboard, aircraft with 60 seats or less used in scheduled passenger service with recommendations for any necessary changes
in those requirements.

49 USC 44901
note.
Deadline.

Deadline.

SEC. 111. TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF SECURITY SCREENING
PERSONNEL.

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(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44935 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (i); and
(2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
‘‘(e) SECURITY SCREENERS.—
‘‘(1) TRAINING PROGRAM.—The Under Secretary of
Transportation for Security shall establish a program for the
hiring and training of security screening personnel.
‘‘(2) HIRING.—
‘‘(A) QUALIFICATIONS.—Within 30 days after the date
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security
Act, the Under Secretary shall establish qualification
standards for individuals to be hired by the United States
as security screening personnel. Notwithstanding any

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provision of law, those standards shall require, at a minimum, an individual—
‘‘(i) to have a satisfactory or better score on a
Federal security screening personnel selection examination;
‘‘(ii) to be a citizen of the United States;
‘‘(iii) to meet, at a minimum, the requirements
set forth in subsection (f);
‘‘(iv) to meet such other qualifications as the Under
Secretary may establish; and
‘‘(v) to have the ability to demonstrate daily a
fitness for duty without any impairment due to illegal
drugs, sleep deprivation, medication, or alcohol.
‘‘(B) BACKGROUND CHECKS.—The Under Secretary shall
require that an individual to be hired as a security screener
undergo an employment investigation (including a criminal
history record check) under section 44936(a)(1).
‘‘(C) DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHO PRESENT
NATIONAL SECURITY RISKS.—The Under Secretary, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish procedures, in addition to any background check conducted under section 44936, to ensure
that no individual who presents a threat to national security is employed as a security screener.
‘‘(3) EXAMINATION; REVIEW OF EXISTING RULES.—The Under
Secretary shall develop a security screening personnel examination for use in determining the qualification of individuals
seeking employment as security screening personnel. The
Under Secretary shall also review, and revise as necessary,
any standard, rule, or regulation governing the employment
of individuals as security screening personnel.
‘‘(f) EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS FOR SCREENING PERSONNEL.—
‘‘(1) SCREENER REQUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding any
provision of law, an individual may not be deployed as a security screener unless that individual meets the following requirements:
‘‘(A) The individual shall possess a high school diploma,
a general equivalency diploma, or experience that the
Under Secretary has determined to be sufficient for the
individual to perform the duties of the position.
‘‘(B) The individual shall possess basic aptitudes and
physical abilities, including color perception, visual and
aural acuity, physical coordination, and motor skills, to
the following standards:
‘‘(i) Screeners operating screening equipment shall
be able to distinguish on the screening equipment monitor the appropriate imaging standard specified by the
Under Secretary.
‘‘(ii) Screeners operating any screening equipment
shall be able to distinguish each color displayed on
every type of screening equipment and explain what
each color signifies.
‘‘(iii) Screeners shall be able to hear and respond
to the spoken voice and to audible alarms generated
by screening equipment in an active checkpoint
environment.

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‘‘(iv) Screeners performing physical searches or
other related operations shall be able to efficiently
and thoroughly manipulate and handle such baggage,
containers, and other objects subject to security processing.
‘‘(v) Screeners who perform pat-downs or handheld metal detector searches of individuals shall have
sufficient dexterity and capability to thoroughly conduct those procedures over an individual’s entire body.
‘‘(C) The individual shall be able to read, speak, and
write English well enough to—
‘‘(i) carry out written and oral instructions
regarding the proper performance of screening duties;
‘‘(ii) read English language identification media,
credentials, airline tickets, and labels on items normally encountered in the screening process;
‘‘(iii) provide direction to and understand and
answer questions from English-speaking individuals
undergoing screening; and
‘‘(iv) write incident reports and statements and
log entries into security records in the English language.
‘‘(D) The individual shall have satisfactorily completed
all initial, recurrent, and appropriate specialized training
required by the security program, except as provided in
paragraph (3).
‘‘(2) VETERANS PREFERENCE.—The Under Secretary shall
provide a preference for the hiring of an individual as a security
screener if the individual is a member or former member of
the armed forces and if the individual is entitled, under statute,
to retired, retirement, or retainer pay on account of service
as a member of the armed forces.
‘‘(3) EXCEPTIONS.—An individual who has not completed
the training required by this section may be deployed during
the on-the-job portion of training to perform functions if that
individual—
‘‘(A) is closely supervised; and
‘‘(B) does not make independent judgments as to
whether individuals or property may enter a sterile area
or aircraft without further inspection.
‘‘(4) REMEDIAL TRAINING.—No individual employed as a
security screener may perform a screening function after that
individual has failed an operational test related to that function
until that individual has successfully completed the remedial
training specified in the security program.
‘‘(5) ANNUAL PROFICIENCY REVIEW.—The Under Secretary
shall provide that an annual evaluation of each individual
assigned screening duties is conducted and documented. An
individual employed as a security screener may not continue
to be employed in that capacity unless the evaluation demonstrates that the individual—
‘‘(A) continues to meet all qualifications and standards
required to perform a screening function;
‘‘(B) has a satisfactory record of performance and attention to duty based on the standards and requirements
in the security program; and

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‘‘(C) demonstrates the current knowledge and skills
necessary to courteously, vigilantly, and effectively perform
screening functions.
‘‘(6) OPERATIONAL TESTING.—In addition to the annual proficiency review conducted under paragraph (5), the Under Secretary shall provide for the operational testing of such personnel.
‘‘(g) TRAINING.—
‘‘(1) USE OF OTHER AGENCIES.—The Under Secretary may
enter into a memorandum of understanding or other arrangement with any other Federal agency or department with appropriate law enforcement responsibilities, to provide personnel,
resources, or other forms of assistance in the training of security
screening personnel.
‘‘(2) TRAINING PLAN.—Within 60 days after the date of
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act,
the Under Secretary shall develop a plan for the training of
security screening personnel. The plan shall require, at a minimum, that a security screener—
‘‘(A) has completed 40 hours of classroom instruction
or successfully completed a program that the Under Secretary determines will train individuals to a level of proficiency equivalent to the level that would be achieved
by such classroom instruction;
‘‘(B) has completed 60 hours of on-the-job instructions;
and
‘‘(C) has successfully completed an on-the-job training
examination prescribed by the Under Secretary.
‘‘(3)
EQUIPMENT-SPECIFIC
TRAINING.—An
individual
employed as a security screener may not use any security
screening device or equipment in the scope of that individual’s
employment unless the individual has been trained on that
device or equipment and has successfully completed a test
on the use of the device or equipment.
‘‘(h) TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall require
training to ensure that screeners are proficient in using the
most up-to-date new technology and to ensure their proficiency
in recognizing new threats and weapons.
‘‘(2) PERIODIC ASSESSMENTS.—The Under Secretary shall
make periodic assessments to determine if there are dual use
items and inform security screening personnel of the existence
of such items.
‘‘(3) CURRENT LISTS OF DUAL USE ITEMS.—Current lists
of dual use items shall be part of the ongoing training for
screeners.
‘‘(4) DUAL USE DEFINED.—For purposes of this subsection,
the term ‘dual use’ item means an item that may seem harmless
but that may be used as a weapon.
‘‘(i) LIMITATION ON RIGHT TO STRIKE.—An individual that
screens passengers or property, or both, at an airport under this
section may not participate in a strike, or assert the right to
strike, against the person (including a governmental entity)
employing such individual to perform such screening.
‘‘(j) UNIFORMS.—The Under Secretary shall require any individual who screens passengers and property pursuant to section

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115 STAT. 620

49 USC 44935
note.

49 USC 44935
note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

44901 to be attired while on duty in a uniform approved by the
Under Secretary.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 44936(a)(1) of title 49,
United States Code, is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ‘‘as a security screener
under section 44935(e) or a position’’ after ‘‘a position’’; and
(2) in subparagraph (E) by striking clause (iv).
(c) TRANSITION.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security shall complete the full implementation of section 44935
(e), (f), (g), and (h) of title 49, United States Code, as amended
by subsection (a), as soon as is practicable. The Under Secretary
may make or continue such arrangements for the training of security screeners under that section as the Under Secretary determines
necessary pending full implementation of that section as so
amended.
(d) SCREENER PERSONNEL.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
may employ, appoint, discipline, terminate, and fix the compensation, terms, and conditions of employment of Federal service for
such a number of individuals as the Under Secretary determines
to be necessary to carry out the screening functions of the Under
Secretary under section 44901 of title 49, United States Code.
The Under Secretary shall establish levels of compensation and
other benefits for individuals so employed.
SEC. 112. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44912(b)(1) of title 49, United States
Code, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘complete an intensive review of’’ and
inserting ‘‘periodically review’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘commercial aircraft in service and expected
to be in service in the 10-year period beginning on November
16, 1990;’’ in subparagraph (B) and inserting ‘‘aircraft in air
transportation;’’; and
(3) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (F) as subparagraphs (E) through (G), respectively, and inserting after
subparagraph (C) the following:
‘‘(D) the potential release of chemical, biological, or
similar weapons or devices either within an aircraft or
within an airport;’’.
(b) ADDITIONAL MATTERS REGARDING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—
(1) ADDITIONAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—Subsection (a)
of section 44912 of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5);
and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new
paragraph (4):
‘‘(4)(A) In carrying out the program established under this
subsection, the Administrator shall designate an individual to be
responsible for engineering, research, and development with respect
to security technology under the program.
‘‘(B) The individual designated under subparagraph (A) shall
use appropriate systems engineering and risk management models
in making decisions regarding the allocation of funds for
engineering, research, and development with respect to security
technology under the program.

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‘‘(C) The individual designated under subparagraph (A) shall,
on an annual basis, submit to the Research, Engineering and
Development Advisory Committee a report on activities under this
paragraph during the preceding year. Each report shall include,
for the year covered by such report, information on—
‘‘(i) progress made in engineering, research, and development with respect to security technology;
‘‘(ii) the allocation of funds for engineering, research, and
development with respect to security technology; and
‘‘(iii) engineering, research, and development with respect
to any technologies drawn from other agencies, including the
rationale for engineering, research, and development with
respect to such technologies.’’.
(2) REVIEW OF THREATS.—Subsection (b)(1) of that section
is further amended—
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G)
as subparagraphs (B) through (H) respectively; and
(B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so redesignated, the following new subparagraph (A):
‘‘(A) a comprehensive systems analysis (employing vulnerability analysis, threat attribute definition, and technology
roadmaps) of the civil aviation system, including—
‘‘(i) the destruction, commandeering, or diversion of
civil aircraft or the use of civil aircraft as a weapon; and
‘‘(ii) the disruption of civil aviation service, including
by cyber attack;’’.
(3) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL.—Subsection (c) of that section is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(c) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL.—(1) The Administrator shall
establish a scientific advisory panel, as a subcommittee of the
Research, Engineering, and Development Advisory Committee, to
review, comment on, advise the progress of, and recommend modifications in, the program established under subsection (a) of this
section, including the need for long-range research programs to
detect and prevent catastrophic damage to commercial aircraft,
commercial aviation facilities, commercial aviation personnel and
passengers, and other components of the commercial aviation
system by the next generation of terrorist weapons.
‘‘(2)(A) The advisory panel shall consist of individuals who
have scientific and technical expertise in—
‘‘(i) the development and testing of effective explosive detection systems;
‘‘(ii) aircraft structure and experimentation to decide on
the type and minimum weights of explosives that an effective
explosive detection technology must be capable of detecting;
‘‘(iii) technologies involved in minimizing airframe damage
to aircraft from explosives; and
‘‘(iv) other scientific and technical areas the Administrator
considers appropriate.
‘‘(B) In appointing individuals to the advisory panel, the
Administrator should consider individuals from academia and the
national laboratories, as appropriate.
‘‘(3) The Administrator shall organize the advisory panel into
teams capable of undertaking the review of policies and technologies
upon request.
‘‘(4) Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment
of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, and every two

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

years thereafter, the Administrator shall review the composition
of the advisory panel in order to ensure that the expertise of
the individuals on the panel is suited to the current and anticipated
duties of the panel.’’.
SEC. 113. FLIGHT SCHOOL SECURITY.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following
new section:

Deadline.

‘‘§ 44939. Training to operate certain aircraft
‘‘(a) WAITING PERIOD.—A person subject to regulation under
this part may provide training in the operation of any aircraft
having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds
or more to an alien (as defined in section 101(a)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3))) or to any other
individual specified by the Under Secretary of Transportation for
Security only if—
‘‘(1) that person has first notified the Attorney General
that the individual has requested such training and furnished
the Attorney General with that individual’s identification in
such form as the Attorney General may require; and
‘‘(2) the Attorney General has not directed, within 45 days
after being notified under paragraph (1), that person not to
provide the requested training because the Attorney General
has determined that the individual presents a risk to aviation
or national security.
‘‘(b) INTERRUPTION OF TRAINING.—If the Attorney General, more
than 45 days after receiving notification under subsection (a) from
a person providing training described in subsection (a), determines
that the individual presents a risk to aviation or national security,
the Attorney General shall immediately notify the person providing
the training of the determination and that person shall immediately
terminate the training.
‘‘(c) COVERED TRAINING.—For the purposes of subsection (a),
training includes in-flight training, training in a simulator, and
any other form or aspect of training.
‘‘(d) SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES.—The
Under Secretary shall require flight schools to conduct a security
awareness program for flight school employees to increase their
awareness of suspicious circumstances and activities of individuals
enrolling in or attending flight school.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following
new item:
‘‘44939. Training to operate certain aircraft.’’.

49 USC 44939
note.

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(c) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.—The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall work with
the International Civil Aviation Organization and the civil aviation
authorities of other countries to improve international aviation
security through screening programs for flight instruction candidates.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a)
applies to applications for training received after the date of enactment of this Act.

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115 STAT. 623

SEC. 114. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH SECURITY PERSONNEL.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 465 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended by inserting after section 46502 the following:
‘‘§ 46503. Interference with security screening personnel
‘‘An individual in an area within a commercial service airport
in the United States who, by assaulting a Federal, airport, or
air carrier employee who has security duties within the airport,
interferes with the performance of the duties of the employee or
lessens the ability of the employee to perform those duties, shall
be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 10 years,
or both. If the individual used a dangerous weapon in committing
the assault or interference, the individual may be imprisoned for
any term of years or life imprisonment.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for
chapter 465 of such title is amended by inserting after the item
relating to section 46502 the following:
‘‘46503. Interference with security screening personnel.’’.
SEC. 115. PASSENGER MANIFESTS.

Section 44909 is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(c) FLIGHTS IN FOREIGN AIR TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED
STATES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act,
each air carrier and foreign air carrier operating a passenger
flight in foreign air transportation to the United States shall
provide to the Commissioner of Customs by electronic transmission a passenger and crew manifest containing the information specified in paragraph (2). Carriers may use the advanced
passenger information system established under section 431
of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1431) to provide the information required by the preceding sentence.
‘‘(2) INFORMATION.—A passenger and crew manifest for a
flight required under paragraph (1) shall contain the following
information:
‘‘(A) The full name of each passenger and crew member.
‘‘(B) The date of birth and citizenship of each passenger
and crew member.
‘‘(C) The sex of each passenger and crew member.
‘‘(D) The passport number and country of issuance
of each passenger and crew member if required for travel.
‘‘(E) The United States visa number or resident alien
card number of each passenger and crew member, as
applicable.
‘‘(F) Such other information as the Under Secretary,
in consultation with the Commissioner of Customs, determines is reasonably necessary to ensure aviation safety.
‘‘(3) PASSENGER NAME RECORDS.—The carriers shall make
passenger name record information available to the Customs
Service upon request.
‘‘(4) TRANSMISSION OF MANIFEST.—Subject to paragraph (5),
a passenger and crew manifest required for a flight under
paragraph (1) shall be transmitted to the Customs Service
in advance of the aircraft landing in the United States in
such manner, time, and form as the Customs Service prescribes.

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‘‘(5) TRANSMISSION OF MANIFESTS TO OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Upon request, information provided to the Under Secretary or the Customs Service under this subsection may be
shared with other Federal agencies for the purpose of protecting
national security.’’.

49 USC 41309
note.

SEC. 116. AIR TRANSPORTATION ARRANGEMENTS IN CERTAIN STATES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any provision of section

41309(a) of title 49, United States Code, to the contrary, air carriers
providing air transportation on flights which both originate and
terminate at points within the same State may file an agreement,
request, modification, or cancellation of an agreement within the
scope of that section with the Secretary of Transportation upon
a declaration by the Governor of the State that such agreement,
request, modification, or cancellation is necessary to ensure the
continuing availability of such air transportation within that State.
(b) APPROVAL OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary may approve any
such agreement, request, modification, or cancellation and grant
an exemption under section 41308(c) of title 49, United States
Code, to the extent necessary to effectuate such agreement, request,
modification, or cancellation, without regard to the provisions of
section 41309(b) or (c) of that title.
(c) PUBLIC INTEREST REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary may
approve such an agreement, request, modification, or cancellation
if the Secretary determines that—
(1) the State to which it relates has extraordinary air
transportation needs and concerns; and
(2) approval is in the public interest.
(d) TERMINATION.—An approval under subsection (b) and an
exemption under section 41308(c) of title 49, United States Code,
granted under subsection (b) shall terminate on the earlier of the
2 following dates:
(1) A date established by the Secretary in the Secretary’s
discretion.
(2) October 1, 2002.
(e) EXTENSION.—Notwithstanding subsection (d), if the Secretary determines that it is in the public interest, the Secretary
may extend the termination date under subsection (d)(2) until a
date no later than October 1, 2003.
(f) REPORTS.—If the Secretary approves any such agreement,
request, modification, or cancellation under this section and grants
an exemption, the Secretary shall transmit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the
House of Representatives within 6 months describing what actions
have been taken by the air carriers to which the exemption was
granted. The Secretary shall also notify those committees if the
Secretary extends the termination date under subsection (e).
49 USC 44903
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SEC. 117. AIRLINE COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEMS.

In order to ensure that all airline computer reservation systems
maintained by United States air carriers are secure from unauthorized access by persons seeking information on reservations, passenger manifests, or other nonpublic information, the Secretary
of Transportation shall require all such air carriers to utilize to
the maximum extent practicable the best technology available to
secure their computer reservation system against such unauthorized
access.

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115 STAT. 625

SEC. 118. SECURITY SERVICE FEE.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended
by adding at the end the following:
‘‘§ 44940. Security service fee
‘‘(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—
‘‘(1) PASSENGER FEES.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall impose a uniform fee, on passengers
of air carriers and foreign air carriers in air transportation
and intrastate air transportation originating at airports in the
United States, to pay for the following costs of providing civil
aviation security services:
‘‘(A) Salary, benefits, overtime, retirement and other
costs of screening personnel, their supervisors and managers, and Federal law enforcement personnel deployed
at airport security screening locations under section 44901.
‘‘(B) The costs of training personnel described in
subparagraph (A), and the acquisition, operation, and
maintenance of equipment used by such personnel.
‘‘(C) The costs of performing background investigations
of personnel described in subparagraphs (A), (D), (F), and
(G).
‘‘(D) The costs of the Federal air marshals program.
‘‘(E) The costs of performing civil aviation security
research and development under this title.
‘‘(F) The costs of Federal Security Managers under
section 44903.
‘‘(G) The costs of deploying Federal law enforcement
personnel pursuant to section 44903(h).
The amount of such costs shall be determined by the Under
Secretary and shall not be subject to judicial review.
‘‘(2) AIR CARRIER FEES.—
‘‘(A) AUTHORITY.—In addition to the fee imposed pursuant to paragraph (1), and only to the extent that the
Under Secretary estimates that such fee will be insufficient
to pay for the costs of providing civil aviation security
services described in paragraph (1), the Under Secretary
may impose a fee on air carriers and foreign air carriers
engaged in air transportation and intrastate air transportation to pay for the difference between any such costs
and the amount collected from such fee, as estimated by
the Under Secretary at the beginning of each fiscal year.
The estimates of the Under Secretary under this subparagraph are not subject to judicial review.
‘‘(B) LIMITATIONS.—
‘‘(i) OVERALL LIMIT.—The amounts of fees collected
under this paragraph for each fiscal year may not
exceed, in the aggregate, the amounts paid in calendar
year 2000 by carriers described in subparagraph (A)
for screening passengers and property, as determined
by the Under Secretary.
‘‘(ii) PER-CARRIER LIMIT.—The amount of fees collected under this paragraph from an air carrier
described in subparagraph (A) for each of fiscal years
2002, 2003, and 2004 may not exceed the amount
paid in calendar year 2000 by that carrier for screening

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passengers and property, as determined by the Under
Secretary.
‘‘(iii) ADJUSTMENT OF PER-CARRIER LIMIT.—For
fiscal year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years, the percarrier limitation under clause (ii) may be determined
by the Under Secretary on the basis of market share
or any other appropriate measure in lieu of actual
screening costs in calendar year 2000.
‘‘(iv) FINALITY OF DETERMINATIONS.—Determinations of the Under Secretary under this subparagraph
are not subject to judicial review.
‘‘(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002.—The amount
of fees collected under this paragraph from any carrier
for fiscal year 2002 may not exceed the amounts paid
by that carrier for screening passengers and property for
a period of time in calendar year 2000 proportionate to
the period of time in fiscal year 2002 during which fees
are collected under this paragraph.
‘‘(b) SCHEDULE OF FEES.—In imposing fees under subsection
(a), the Under Secretary shall ensure that the fees are reasonably
related to the Transportation Security Administration’s costs of
providing services rendered.
‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON FEE.—Fees imposed under subsection (a)(1)
may not exceed $2.50 per enplanement in air transportation or
intrastate air transportation that originates at an airport in the
United States, except that the total amount of such fees may
not exceed $5.00 per one-way trip.
‘‘(d) IMPOSITION OF FEE.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 9701 of title
31 and the procedural requirements of section 553 of title
5, the Under Secretary shall impose the fee under subsection
(a)(1), and may impose a fee under subsection (a)(2), through
the publication of notice of such fee in the Federal Register
and begin collection of the fee within 60 days of the date
of enactment of this Act, or as soon as possible thereafter.
‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULES PASSENGER FEES.—A fee imposed under
subsection (a)(1) through the procedures under subsection (d)
shall apply only to tickets sold after the date on which such
fee is imposed. If a fee imposed under subsection (a)(1) through
the procedures under subsection (d) on transportation of a
passenger of a carrier described in subsection (a)(1) is not
collected from the passenger, the amount of the fee shall be
paid by the carrier.
‘‘(3) SUBSEQUENT MODIFICATION OF FEE.—After imposing
a fee in accordance with paragraph (1), the Under Secretary
may modify, from time to time through publication of notice
in the Federal Register, the imposition or collection of such
fee, or both.
‘‘(4) LIMITATION ON COLLECTION.—No fee may be collected
under this section except to the extent that the expenditure
of the fee to pay the costs of activities and services for which
the fee is imposed is provided for in advance in an appropriations Act.
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATION OF FEES.—
‘‘(1) FEES PAYABLE TO UNDER SECRETARY.—All fees imposed
and amounts collected under this section are payable to the
Under Secretary.

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‘‘(2) FEES COLLECTED BY AIR CARRIER.—A fee imposed under
subsection (a)(1) shall be collected by the air carrier or foreign
air carrier that sells a ticket for transportation described in
subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(3) DUE DATE FOR REMITTANCE.—A fee collected under
this section shall be remitted on the last day of each calendar
month by the carrier collecting the fee. The amount to be
remitted shall be for the calendar month preceding the calendar
month in which the remittance is made.
‘‘(4) INFORMATION.—The Under Secretary may require the
provision of such information as the Under Secretary decides
is necessary to verify that fees have been collected and remitted
at the proper times and in the proper amounts.
‘‘(5) FEE NOT SUBJECT TO TAX.—For purposes of section
4261 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 4261),
a fee imposed under this section shall not be considered to
be part of the amount paid for taxable transportation.
‘‘(6) COST OF COLLECTING FEE.—No portion of the fee collected under this section may be retained by the air carrier
or foreign air carrier for the costs of collecting, handling, or
remitting the fee except for interest accruing to the carrier
after collection and before remittance.
‘‘(f) RECEIPTS CREDITED AS OFFSETTING COLLECTIONS.—Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, any fee collected under this
section—
‘‘(1) shall be credited as offsetting collections to the account
that finances the activities and services for which the fee is
imposed;
‘‘(2) shall be available for expenditure only to pay the
costs of activities and services for which the fee is imposed;
and
‘‘(3) shall remain available until expended.
‘‘(g) REFUNDS.—The Under Secretary may refund any fee paid
by mistake or any amount paid in excess of that required.
‘‘(h) EXEMPTIONS.—The Under Secretary may exempt from the
passenger fee imposed under subsection (a)(1) any passenger
enplaning at an airport in the United States that does not receive
screening services under section 44901 for that segment of the
trip for which the passenger does not receive screening.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for such chapter
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘44940. Security service fee.’’.

(c) SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Part C of subtitle VII of title 49, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

‘‘CHAPTER 483—AVIATION SECURITY FUNDING
‘‘Sec.
‘‘48301. Aviation security funding.

‘‘§ 48301. Aviation security funding
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated
for fiscal years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 such sums as may
be necessary to carry out chapter 449 and related aviation security
activities under this title. Any amounts appropriated pursuant to

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

this section for fiscal year 2002 shall remain available until
expended.
‘‘(b) GRANTS FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY.—There is authorized to
be appropriated $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 to the Secretary
of Transportation to make grants to or other agreements with
air carriers (including intrastate air carriers) to—
‘‘(1) fortify cockpit doors to deny access from the cabin
to the pilots in the cockpit;
‘‘(2) provide for the use of video monitors or other devices
to alert the cockpit crew to activity in the passenger cabin;
‘‘(3) ensure continuous operation of the aircraft transponder
in the event the crew faces an emergency; and
‘‘(4) provide for the use of other innovative technologies
to enhance aircraft security.’’.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The subtitle analysis for
subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended by
inserting after the item relating to chapter 482 the following:
‘‘483. Aviation Security Funding ....................................................................

48301’’.

SEC. 119. INCREASED FUNDING FLEXIBILITY FOR AVIATION SECURITY.

(a) LIMITED USE OF AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FUNDS.—
(1) AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT FUNDS.—Section 47102(3) of title
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end
the following:
‘‘(J) in fiscal year 2002, any additional security related
activity required by law or by the Secretary after September 11, 2001, and before October 1, 2002.
‘‘(K) in fiscal year 2002 with respect to funds apportioned under section 47114 in fiscal years 2001 and 2002,
any activity, including operational activities, of an airport
that is not a primary airport if that airport is located
within the confines of enhanced class B airspace, as defined
by Notice to Airmen FDC 1/0618 issued by the Federal
Aviation Administration and the activity was carried out
when any restriction in the Notice is in effect.
‘‘(L) in fiscal year 2002, payments for debt service
on indebtedness incurred to carry out a project at an airport
owned or controlled by the sponsor or at a privately owned
or operated airport passenger terminal financed by indebtedness incurred by the sponsor if the Secretary determines
that such payments are necessary to prevent a default
on the indebtedness.’’.
(2) ALLOWABLE COSTS.—Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49,
United States Code, is amended—
(A) by striking ‘‘or’’ in subparagraph (B);
(B) by inserting ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘executed;’’ in subparagraph
(C); and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(D) if the cost is incurred after September 11, 2001,
for a project described in section 47102(3)(J), 47102(3)(K),
or 47102(3)(L) and shall not depend upon the date of execution of a grant agreement made under this subchapter;’’.
(3) DISCRETIONARY GRANTS.—Section 47115 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following:

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‘‘(i) CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROJECT UNDER EXPANDED SECURITY
ELIGIBILITY.—In order to assure that funding under this subchapter
is provided to the greatest needs, the Secretary, in selecting a
project described in section 47102(3)(J) for a grant, shall consider
the non-federal resources available to sponsor, the use of such
non-federal resources, and the degree to which the sponsor is providing increased funding for the project.’’.
(4) FEDERAL SHARE.—Section 47109(a) of title 49, United
States Code, is amended—
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ in paragraph (3);
(B) by striking ‘‘47134.’’ in paragraph (4) and inserting
‘‘47134; and’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(5) for fiscal year 2002, 100 percent for a project described
in section 47102(3)(J), 47102(3)(K), or 47102(3)(L).’’.
(5) AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.—Section 47102(3)(B) of title 49,
United States Code, is amended—
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of clause (viii);
(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (ix)
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(C) by inserting after clause (ix) the following new
clause:
‘‘(x) replacement of baggage conveyor systems, and
reconfiguration of terminal baggage areas, that the
Secretary determines are necessary to install bulk
explosive detection devices.’’.
(b) APPORTIONED FUNDS.—For the purpose of carrying out section 47114 of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal year 2003,
the Secretary shall use, in lieu of passenger boardings at an airport
during the prior calendar year, the greater of—
(1) the number of passenger boardings at that airport
during 2000; or
(2) the number of passenger boardings at that airport
during 2001.
(c) EXPEDITED PROCESSING OF SECURITY-RELATED PFC
REQUESTS.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, to the extent feasible, expedite the processing and
approval of passenger facility fee requests under subchapter I of
chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, for projects described
in section 47192(3)(J) of title 49, United States Code.
(d) AMENDMENT OF GENERAL FEE SCHEDULE PROVISION.—Section 45301(b)(1)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘directly’’ and inserting ‘‘reasonably’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘Administration’s costs’’ and inserting
‘‘Administration’s costs, as determined by the Administrator,’’;
and
(3) by adding at the end ‘‘The Determination of such costs
by the Administrator is not subject to judicial review.’’.

49 USC 47114
note.

SEC. 120. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPON DETECTION.

Section 44903(c)(2)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
‘‘(C) MAXIMUM USE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
Secretary of
WEAPON
DETECTION
EQUIPMENT.—The
Transportation may require airports to maximize the use
of technology and equipment that is designed to detect
or neutralize potential chemical or biological weapons.’’.

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115 STAT. 630
49 USC 44903
note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

SEC. 121. AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF AIRPORTS FOR SECURITY MANDATES.

(a) AIRPORT SECURITY.—There is authorized to be appropriated
to the Secretary of Transportation for fiscal years 2002 and 2003
a total of $1,500,000,000 to reimburse airport operators, on-airport
parking lots, and vendors of on-airfield direct services to air carriers
for direct costs incurred by such operators to comply with new,
additional, or revised security requirements imposed on such operators by the Federal Aviation Administration or Transportation Security Administration on or after September 11, 2001. Such sums
shall remain available until expended.
(b) DOCUMENTATION OF COSTS; AUDIT.—The Secretary may not
reimburse an airport operator, on-airport parking lot, or vendor
of on-airfield direct services to air carriers under this section for
any cost for which the airport operator, on-airport parking lot,
or vendor of on-airfield direct services does not demonstrate to
the satisfaction of the Secretary, using sworn financial statements
or other appropriate data, that—
(1) the cost is eligible for reimbursement under subsection
(a); and
(2) the cost was incurred by the airport operator, on-airport
parking lot, or vendor of on-airfield direct services to air carriers.
The Inspector General of the Department of Transportation and
the Comptroller General of the United States may audit such statements and may request any other information necessary to conduct
such an audit.
(c) CLAIM PROCEDURE.—Within 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, after consultation with airport
operators, on-airport parking lots, and vendors of on-airfield direct
services to air carriers, shall publish in the Federal Register the
procedures for filing claims for reimbursement under this section
of eligible costs incurred by airport operators.

Deadline.

SEC. 122. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.

It is the sense of the Congress that—
(1) an airport receiving Federal financial assistance should
meet with the tenants of the airport (other than air carriers
and foreign air carriers) to discuss adjustments of the rent
of the tenants to account for losses in revenue incurred by
the tenants on and after September 11, 2001;
(2) an air carrier that received financial assistance under
the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act
or under title 49, United States Code, since September 11,
2001, should meet with airport operators to discuss payment
of applicable rates, charges, and fees; and
(3) the Federal Aviation Administration should maintain
its current restriction on carry-on baggage of 1 bag and 1
personal item.
SEC. 123. AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS.
49 USC 47106.

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(a) COMPETITION PLAN.—Section 47106(f) is amended—
(1) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
‘‘(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002.—This subsection
does not apply to any passenger facility fee approved, or grant

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

115 STAT. 631

made, in fiscal year 2002 if the fee or grant is to be used
to improve security at a covered airport.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST
FUND.—Section 9502(d)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
(relating to airport and airway program) is amended by inserting
‘‘or the Aviation and Transportation Security Act’’ after ‘‘21st Century’’.

26 USC 9502.

SEC. 124. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

(a) REPORT DEADLINE.—Section 106(a) of the Air Transportation
Safety and System Stabilization Act (Public Law 107–42) is
amended by striking ‘‘February 1, 2001’’ and inserting ‘‘February
1, 2002’’.
(b) INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE OF AIRCRAFT.—Section
44306(c) (as redesignated by section 201(d) of such Act) is amended
by inserting ‘‘in the interest of air commerce or national security
or’’ before ‘‘to carry out foreign policy’’.
(c) FEDERAL CREDIT INSTRUMENTS.—Section 102(c)(2)(A) of such
Act is amended by striking ‘‘representatives’’ and inserting ‘‘representations’’.
(d) MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE PER AIR
CARRIER.—Section 103 of such Act is amended by adding at the
end the following:
‘‘(d) COMPENSATION FOR CERTAIN AIR CARRIERS.—
‘‘(1) SET-ASIDE.—The President may set aside a portion
of the amount of compensation payable to air carriers under
section 101(a)(2) to provide compensation to classes of air carriers, such as air tour operators and air ambulances (including
hospitals operating air ambulances) for whom the application
of a distribution formula containing available seat miles as
a factor would inadequately reflect their share of direct and
incremental losses. The President shall reduce the
$4,500,000,000 specified in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) by the amount
set aside under this subsection.
‘‘(2) DISTRIBUTION OF AMOUNTS.—The President shall distribute the amount set aside under this subsection proportionally among such air carriers based on an appropriate auditable
measure, as determined by the President.’’.
SEC. 125. ENCOURAGING AIRLINE
PICIOUS ACTIVITIES.

EMPLOYEES

TO

REPORT

49 USC 40101
note.

49 USC 44306.

49 USC 40101
note.
49 USC 40101
note.
President.

SUS-

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the following:
‘‘§ 44941. Immunity for reporting suspicious activities
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Any air carrier or foreign air carrier or
any employee of an air carrier or foreign air carrier who makes
a voluntary disclosure of any suspicious transaction relevant to
a possible violation of law or regulation, relating to air piracy,
a threat to aircraft or passenger safety, or terrorism, as defined
by section 3077 of title 18, United States Code, to any employee
or agent of the Department of Transportation, the Department
of Justice, any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer,
or any airport or airline security officer shall not be civilly liable
to any person under any law or regulation of the United States,
any constitution, law, or regulation of any State or political subdivision of any State, for such disclosure.

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115 STAT. 632

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to—
‘‘(1) any disclosure made with actual knowledge that the
disclosure was false, inaccurate, or misleading; or
‘‘(2) any disclosure made with reckless disregard as to
the truth or falsity of that disclosure.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for such
chapter is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘44941. Immunity for reporting suspicious activities.’’.
SEC. 126. LESS-THAN-LETHAL WEAPONRY FOR FLIGHT DECK CREWS.
Deadline.

Regulations.
Guidelines.
49 USC 40101
note.

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(a) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE STUDY.—The National
Institute of Justice shall assess the range of less-than-lethal weaponry available for use by a flight deck crewmember temporarily
to incapacitate an individual who presents a clear and present
danger to the safety of the aircraft, its passengers, or individuals
on the ground and report its findings and recommendations to
the Secretary of Transportation within 90 days after the date of
enactment of this Act.
(b) ARMING FLIGHT DECK CREW.—Section 44903 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(h) AUTHORITY TO ARM FLIGHT DECK CREW WITH LESS-THANLETHAL WEAPONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary, after receiving the recommendations of the National Institute of Justice, determines,
with the approval of the Attorney General and the Secretary
of State, that it is appropriate and necessary and would effectively serve the public interest in avoiding air piracy, the Secretary may authorize members of the flight deck crew on any
aircraft providing air transportation or intrastate air transportation to carry a less-than-lethal weapon while the aircraft
is engaged in providing such transportation.
‘‘(2) USAGE.—If the Secretary grants authority under paragraph (1) for flight deck crew members to carry a less-thanlethal weapon while engaged in providing air transportation
or intrastate air transportation, the Secretary shall—
‘‘(A) prescribe rules requiring that any such crew
member be trained in the proper use of the weapon; and
‘‘(B) prescribe guidelines setting forth the circumstances under which such weapons may be used.’’.
SEC. 127. MAIL AND FREIGHT WAIVERS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—During a national emergency affecting
air transportation or intrastate air transportation, the Secretary of Transportation, after consultation with the Transportation Security Oversight Board, may grant a complete or
partial waiver of any restrictions on the carriage by aircraft
of freight, mail, emergency medical supplies, personnel, or
patients on aircraft, imposed by the Department of Transportation (or other Federal agency or department) that would
permit such carriage of freight, mail, emergency medical supplies, personnel, or patients on flights, to, from, or within
a State if the Secretary determines that—
(1) extraordinary air transportation needs or concerns exist;
and
(2) the waiver is in the public interest, taking into consideration the isolation of and dependence on air transportation
of the State.

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115 STAT. 633

(b) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary may impose reasonable limitations on any such waiver.
SEC. 128. FLIGHT DECK SECURITY.

The pilot of a passenger aircraft operated by an air carrier
in air transportation or intrastate air transportation is authorized
to carry a firearm into the cockpit if—
(1) the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
approves;
(2) the air carrier approves;
(3) the firearm is approved by the Under Secretary; and
(4) the pilot has received proper training for the use of
the firearm, as determined by the Under Secretary.

49 USC 44903
note.

SEC. 129. AMENDMENTS TO AIRMEN REGISTRY AUTHORITY.

Section 44703(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in the first sentence of paragraph (1)—
(A) by striking ‘‘pilots’’ and inserting ‘‘airmen’’; and
(B) by striking the period and inserting ‘‘and related
to combating acts of terrorism.’’; and
(2) by adding at the end, the following new paragraphs:
‘‘(3) For purposes of this section, the term ‘acts of terrorism’
means an activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous
to human life that is a violation of the criminal laws of the United
States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if
committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any
State, and appears to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian
population to influence the policy of a government by intimidation
or coercion or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination
or kidnaping.
‘‘(4) The Administrator is authorized and directed to work with
State and local authorities, and other Federal agencies, to assist
in the identification of individuals applying for or holding airmen
certificates.’’.
SEC. 130. RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT.

Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘§ 44942. Performance goals and objectives
‘‘(a) SHORT TERM TRANSITION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Within 180 days after the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the
Under Secretary for Transportation Security may, in consultation with Congress—
‘‘(A) establish acceptable levels of performance for aviation security, including screening operations and access
control, and
‘‘(B) provide Congress with an action plan, containing
measurable goals and milestones, that outlines how those
levels of performance will be achieved.
‘‘(2) BASICS OF ACTION PLAN.—The action plan shall clarify
the responsibilities of the Transportation Security Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration and any other agency
or organization that may have a role in ensuring the safety
and security of the civil air transportation system.
‘‘(b) LONG-TERM RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT.—
‘‘(1) PERFORMANCE PLAN AND REPORT.—

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001
‘‘(A) PERFORMANCE PLAN.—
‘‘(i) Each year, consistent with the requirements
of the Government Performance and Results Act of
1993 (GPRA), the Secretary and the Under Secretary
for Transportation Security shall agree on a performance plan for the succeeding 5 years that establishes
measurable goals and objectives for aviation security.
The plan shall identify action steps necessary to
achieve such goals.
‘‘(ii) In addition to meeting the requirements of
GPRA, the performance plan should clarify the responsibilities of the Secretary, the Under Secretary for
Transportation Security and any other agency or
organization that may have a role in ensuring the
safety and security of the civil air transportation
system.
‘‘(B) PERFORMANCE REPORT.—Each year, consistent
with the requirements of GPRA, the Under Secretary for
Transportation Security shall prepare and submit to Congress an annual report including an evaluation of the extent
goals and objectives were met. The report shall include
the results achieved during the year relative to the goals
established in the performance plan.

‘‘§ 44943. Performance management system
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHING A FAIR AND EQUITABLE SYSTEM FOR MEASURING STAFF PERFORMANCE.—The Under Secretary for Transportation Security shall establish a performance management system
which strengthens the organization’s effectiveness by providing for
the establishment of goals and objectives for managers, employees,
and organizational performance consistent with the performance
plan.
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY FOR MEETING
PERFORMANCE GOALS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each year, the Secretary and Under
Secretary of Transportation for Security shall enter into an
annual performance agreement that shall set forth organizational and individual performance goals for the Under Secretary.
‘‘(2) GOALS.—Each year, the Under Secretary and each
senior manager who reports to the Under Secretary shall enter
into an annual performance agreement that sets forth organization and individual goals for those managers. All other
employees hired under the authority of the Under Secretary
shall enter into an annual performance agreement that sets
forth organization and individual goals for those employees.
‘‘(c) PERFORMANCE-BASED SERVICE CONTRACTING.—To the
extent contracts, if any, are used to implement the Aviation Security
Act, the Under Secretary for Transportation Security shall, to the
extent practical, maximize the use of performance-based service
contracts. These contracts should be consistent with guidelines published by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy.’’.

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115 STAT. 635

SEC. 131. VOLUNTARY PROVISION OF EMERGENCY SERVICES DURING
COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following
new section:
‘‘§ 44944. Voluntary provision of emergency services
‘‘(a) PROGRAM FOR PROVISION OF VOLUNTARY SERVICES.—
‘‘(1) PROGRAM.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for
Transportation Security shall carry out a program to permit
qualified law enforcement officers, firefighters, and emergency
medical technicians to provide emergency services on commercial air flights during emergencies.
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Under Secretary shall establish
such requirements for qualifications of providers of voluntary
services under the program under paragraph (1), including
training requirements, as the Under Secretary considers appropriate.
‘‘(3) CONFIDENTIALITY OF REGISTRY.—If as part of the program under paragraph (1) the Under Secretary requires or
permits registration of law enforcement officers, firefighters,
or emergency medical technicians who are willing to provide
emergency services on commercial flights during emergencies,
the Under Secretary shall take appropriate actions to ensure
that the registry is available only to appropriate airline personnel and otherwise remains confidential.
‘‘(4) CONSULTATION.—The Under Secretary shall consult
with appropriate representatives of the commercial airline
industry, and organizations representing community-based law
enforcement, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians,
in carrying out the program under paragraph (1), including
the actions taken under paragraph (3).
‘‘(b) EXEMPTION FROM LIABILITY.—An individual shall not be
liable for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State
court that arises from an act or omission of the individual in
providing or attempting to provide assistance in the case of an
in-flight emergency in an aircraft of an air carrier if the individual
meets such qualifications as the Under Secretary shall prescribe
for purposes of this section.
‘‘(c) EXCEPTION.—The exemption under subsection (b) shall not
apply in any case in which an individual provides, or attempts
to provide, assistance described in that paragraph in a manner
that constitutes gross negligence or willful misconduct.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following
new item:
‘‘44944. Voluntary provision of emergency services.’’.

(c) CONSTRUCTION REGARDING POSSESSION OF FIREARMS.—
Nothing in this section may be construed to require any modification
of regulations of the Department of Transportation governing the
possession of firearms while in aircraft or air transportation facilities or to authorize the possession of a firearm in an aircraft
or any such facility not authorized under those regulations.

49 USC 44944
note.

SEC. 132. GENERAL AVIATION AND AIR CHARTERS.

(a) AIR CHARTER PROGRAM.—Within 90 days after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation

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49 USC 44903
note.

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115 STAT. 636

Deadline.
Reports.

49 USC 40102
note.

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

for Transportation Security shall implement an aviation security
program for charter air carriers (as defined in section 40102(a)(13)
of title 49, United States Code) with a maximum certificated takeoff
weight of 12,500 pounds or more.
(b) GENERAL AVIATION PROGRAM.—Within 30 days after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation
for Transportation Security shall transmit a report on airspace
and other security measures that can be deployed, as necessary,
to improve general aviation security to the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. The
Under Secretary may submit the report in both classified and
redacted forms.
SEC. 133. DEFINITIONS.

Except as otherwise explicitly provided, any term used in this
title that is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States
Code, has the meaning given that term in that section.
SEC. 134. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CERTAIN AVIATION MATTERS.

(a) FLIGHT SERVICE STATION EMPLOYEES.—It is the sense of
Congress that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration should continue negotiating in good faith with flight service
station employees of the Administration with a goal of reaching
agreement on a contract as soon as possible.
(b) WAR RISK INSURANCE.—It is the sense of Congress that
the Secretary of Transportation should implement section 202 of
the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (Public
Law 107–42) so as to make war risk insurance directly available
to vendors, agents, and subcontractors of air carriers for all of
their domestic operations.
SEC. 135. SENSE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

It is the sense of the House of Representatives that—
(1) the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
should develop security procedures to allow passengers transporting a musical instrument on a flight of an air carrier
to transport the instrument in the passenger cabin of the
aircraft, notwithstanding any size or other restriction on carryon baggage but subject to such other reasonable security procedures, terms, and conditions as may be established by the
Under Secretary or the air carrier, including imposing additional charges by the air carrier; and
(2) an air carrier that transports mail under a contract
with the United States Postal Service should transport any
animal that the Postal Service allows to be shipped through
the mail.
SEC. 136. SHORT-TERM
ASSESSMENT
AND
DEPLOYMENT
OF
EMERGING SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES.

Deadline.

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Section 44903 of title 49, United States Code, is amended
by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(i) SHORT-TERM ASSESSMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGING
SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation
for Security shall recommend to airport operators, within 6
months after the date of enactment of the Aviation and
Transportation Security Act, commercially available measures

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115 STAT. 637

or procedures to prevent access to secure airport areas by
unauthorized persons. As part of the 6-month assessment, the
Under Secretary for Transportation Security shall—
‘‘(A) review the effectiveness of biometrics systems currently in use at several United States airports, including
San Francisco International;
‘‘(B) review the effectiveness of increased surveillance
at access points;
‘‘(C) review the effectiveness of card- or keypad-based
access systems;
‘‘(D) review the effectiveness of airport emergency exit
systems and determine whether those that lead to secure
areas of the airport should be monitored or how breaches
can be swiftly responded to; and
‘‘(E) specifically target the elimination of the ‘‘piggybacking’’ phenomenon, where another person follows an
authorized person through the access point.
The 6-month assessment shall include a 12-month deployment
strategy for currently available technology at all category X
airports, as defined in the Federal Aviation Administration
approved air carrier security programs required under part
108 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. Not later than
18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of Transportation shall conduct a review of reductions in
unauthorized access at these airports.
PASSENGER
PRESCREENING
‘‘(2)
COMPUTER-ASSISTED
SYSTEM.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transportation
shall ensure that the Computer-Assisted Passenger
Prescreening System, or any successor system—
‘‘(i) is used to evaluate all passengers before they
board an aircraft; and
‘‘(ii) includes procedures to ensure that individuals
selected by the system and their carry-on and checked
baggage are adequately screened.
‘‘(B) MODIFICATIONS.—The Secretary of Transportation
may modify any requirement under the Computer-Assisted
Passenger Prescreening System for flights that originate
and terminate within the same State, if the Secretary
determines that—
‘‘(i) the State has extraordinary air transportation
needs or concerns due to its isolation and dependence
on air transportation; and
‘‘(ii) the routine characteristics of passengers, given
the nature of the market, regularly triggers primary
selectee status.’’.
SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION SECURITY
TECHNOLOGY.

Deadline.

49 USC 44912
note.

(a) FUNDING.—To augment the programs authorized in section
44912(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, there is authorized
to be appropriated an additional $50,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2002 through 2006 and such sums as are necessary for
each fiscal year thereafter to the Transportation Security Administration, for research, development, testing, and evaluation of the
following technologies which may enhance aviation security in the
future. Grants to industry, academia, and Government entities to

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115 STAT. 638

Deadline.

Appropriation
authorization.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

carry out the provisions of this section shall be available for fiscal
years 2002 and 2003 for—
(1) the acceleration of research, development, testing, and
evaluation of explosives detection technology for checked baggage, specifically, technology that is—
(A) more cost-effective for deployment for explosives
detection in checked baggage at small- to medium-sized
airports, and is currently under development as part of
the Argus research program at the Transportation Security
Administration;
(B) faster, to facilitate screening of all checked baggage
at larger airports; or
(C) more accurate, to reduce the number of false
positives requiring additional security measures;
(2) acceleration of research, development, testing, and
evaluation of new screening technology for carry-on items to
provide more effective means of detecting and identifying
weapons, explosives, and components of weapons of mass
destruction, including advanced x-ray technology;
(3) acceleration of research, development, testing, and
evaluation of threat screening technology for other categories
of items being loaded onto aircraft, including cargo, catering,
and duty-free items;
(4) acceleration of research, development, testing, and
evaluation of threats carried on persons boarding aircraft or
entering secure areas, including detection of weapons, explosives, and components of weapons of mass destruction;
(5) acceleration of research, development, testing and
evaluation of integrated systems of airport security enhancement, including quantitative methods of assessing security factors at airports selected for testing such systems;
(6) expansion of the existing program of research, development, testing, and evaluation of improved methods of education,
training, and testing of key airport security personnel; and
(7) acceleration of research, development, testing, and
evaluation of aircraft hardening materials, and techniques to
reduce the vulnerability of aircraft to terrorist attack.
(b) GRANTS.—Grants awarded under this subtitle shall identify
potential outcomes of the research, and propose a method for quantitatively assessing effective increases in security upon completion
of the research program. At the conclusion of each grant, the grant
recipient shall submit a final report to the Transportation Security
Administration that shall include sufficient information to permit
the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security to prepare a
cost-benefit analysis of potential improvements to airport security
based upon deployment of the proposed technology. The Under
Secretary shall begin awarding grants under this subtitle within
90 days of the date of enactment of this Act.
(c) BUDGET SUBMISSION.—A budget submission and detailed
strategy for deploying the identified security upgrades recommended
upon completion of the grants awarded under subsection (b), shall
be submitted to Congress as part of the Department of Transportation’s annual budget submission.
(d) DEFENSE RESEARCH.—There is authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 to the Transportation Security Administration
to issue research grants in conjunction with the Defense Advanced

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115 STAT. 639

Research Projects Agency. Grants may be awarded under this section for—
(1) research and development of longer-term improvements
to airport security, including advanced weapons detection;
(2) secure networking and sharing of threat information
between Federal agencies, law enforcement entities, and other
appropriate parties;
(3) advances in biometrics for identification and threat
assessment; or
(4) other technologies for preventing acts of terrorism in
aviation.
SEC. 138. EMPLOYMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44936 of title 49, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘and a review of available law enforcement
data bases and records of other governmental and international
agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Under
Secretary of Transportation for Transportation Security,’’ after
‘‘check’’ in subsection (a)(1)(A);
(2) by striking ‘‘in any case described in subparagraph
(C)’’ in subsection (a)(1)(B) and inserting ‘‘and a review of
available law enforcement data bases and records of other
governmental and international agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Under Secretary of Transportation
for Transportation Security’’;
(3) by striking ‘‘will be’’ in subsection (a)(1)(B)(i) and
inserting ‘‘are’’;
(4) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon in clause (ii)
of subsection (a)(1)(B);
(5) by redesignating clause (iii) of subsection (a)(1)(B) as
clause (iv);
(6) by inserting after clause (ii) of subsection (a)(1)(B) the
following:
‘‘(iii) individuals who regularly have escorted
access to aircraft of an air carrier or foreign air carrier
or a secured area of an airport in the United States
the Administrator designates that serves an air carrier
or foreign air carrier; and’’;
(7) by striking subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) of subsection
(a)(1) and redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph
(D);
(8) by inserting after subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1)
the following:
‘‘(C) BACKGROUND CHECKS OF CURRENT EMPLOYEES.—
‘‘(i) A new background check (including a criminal
history record check and a review of available law
enforcement data bases and records of other governmental and international agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Under Secretary of Transportation for Transportation Security shall be required
for any individual who is employed in a position
described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) on the date
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act.
‘‘(ii) The Under Secretary may provide by order
(without regard to the provisions of chapter 5 of title

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

5, United States Code) for a phased-in implementation
of the requirements of this subparagraph.’’;
(9) by striking ‘‘107.31(m)’’ in subparagraph (D), as redesignated, and inserting ‘‘107.31(m)(1) or (2)’’;
(10) by striking ‘‘the date of enactment of this subparagraph.’’ in subparagraph (D), as redesignated, and inserting
‘‘November 22, 2000. The Under Secretary shall work with
the International Civil Aviation Organization and with appropriate authorities of foreign countries to ensure that individuals
exempted under this subparagraph do not pose a threat to
aviation or national security.’’;
(11) by striking ‘‘carrier, or airport operator’’ in subsection
(a)(2) and inserting ‘‘carrier, airport operator, or government’’;
(12) by striking ‘‘carrier, or airport operator’’ in subsection
(b)(1) and inserting ‘‘carrier, airport operator, or government’’;
(13) by striking ‘‘carrier, or airport operator’’ in subsection
(b)(3) and inserting ‘‘carrier, airport operator, or government’’;
and
(14) by adding at the end of subsection (c)(1) ‘‘All Federal
agencies shall cooperate with the Under Secretary and the
Under Secretary’s designee in the process of collecting and
submitting fingerprints.’’.
(b) RECORDS OF EMPLOYMENT OF PILOT APPLICANTS.—Part A
of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by moving subsections (f), (g), and (h) of section 44936
from section 44936, inserting them at the end of section 44703,
and redesignating them as subsections (h), (i), and (j), respectively; and
(2) in subsections (i) and (j) of section 44703 (as moved
to the end of section 44703 by paragraph (1) of this subsection),
by striking ‘‘subsection (f)’’ each place it appears and inserting
‘‘subsection (h)’’.
SEC. 139. ALCOHOL AND CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE TESTING.

Chapter 451 of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘contract personnel’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘personnel’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘contract employee’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘employee’’;
(3) in section 45106(c) by striking ‘‘contract employees’’
and inserting ‘‘employees’’;
(4) by inserting after section 45106 the following:

49 USC 45102.
49 USC 45103.

‘‘§ 45107. Transportation Security Administration
‘‘(a) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS RELATING TO TESTING PROGRAMS
WITH RESPECT TO AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING PERSONNEL.—
The authority of the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under this chapter with respect to programs relating to
testing of airport security screening personnel are transferred to
the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security. Notwithstanding section 45102(a), the regulations prescribed under section
45102(a) shall require testing of such personnel by their employers
instead of by air carriers and foreign air carriers.
‘‘(b) APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER WITH RESPECT TO EMPLOYEES
OF ADMINISTRATION.—The provisions of this chapter that apply
with respect to employees of the Federal Aviation Administration
whose duties include responsibility for safety-sensitive functions

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115 STAT. 641

shall apply with respect to employees of the Transportation Security
Administration whose duties include responsibility for security-sensitive functions. The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security,
the Transportation Security Administration, and employees of the
Transportation Security Administration whose duties include
responsibility for security-sensitive functions shall be subject to
and comply with such provisions in the same manner and to the
same extent as the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and employees of
the Federal Aviation Administration whose duties include responsibility for safety-sensitive functions, respectively.’’; and
(5) in the analysis for such chapter by inserting after
the item relating to section 45106 the following:
‘‘45107. Transportation Security Administration.’’.
SEC. 140. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO SUBTITLE VII.

(a) RECORDS OF EMPLOYMENT OF PILOT APPLICANTS.—Part A
of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended—
(1) by moving subsections (f), (g), and (h) of section 44936
from section 44936, inserting them at the end of section 44703,
and redesignating them as subsections (h), (i), and (j), respectively; and
(2) in subsections (i) and (j) of section 44703 (as moved
to the end of section 44703 by paragraph (1) of this subsection),
by striking ‘‘subsection (f)’’ each place it appears and inserting
‘‘subsection (h)’’.
(b) INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEDURES.—Chapter 461 of such
title is amended—
(1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a),
46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by inserting
after ‘‘(or’’ the following: ‘‘the Under Secretary of Transportation
for Security with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘or Administrator’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘, Under Secretary, or Administrator’’;
(3) in section 46101(a)(2) by striking ‘‘of Transportation
or the’’ and inserting ‘‘, Under Secretary, or’’;
(4) in section 46102(b) by striking ‘‘and the Administrator’’
and inserting ‘‘, the Under Secretary, and the Administrator’’;
(5) in section 46102(c) by striking ‘‘and Administrator’’
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘, Under Secretary, and
Administrator’’;
(6) in each of sections 46102(d) and 46104(b) by inserting
‘‘the Under Secretary,’’ after ‘‘Secretary,’’;
(7) in the heading to section 46106 by striking ‘‘Secretary
of Transportation and Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of
Transportation’’; and
(8) in the item relating to section 46106 of the analysis
for such chapter by striking ‘‘Secretary of Transportation and
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration’’ and
inserting ‘‘Department of Transportation’’.
(c) ADMINISTRATIVE.—Section 40113 of such title is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) by inserting after ‘‘(or’’ the following: ‘‘the Under
Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to

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46105, 46107,
46110.

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001
security duties and powers designated to be carried out
by the Under Secretary or’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘or Administrator’’ and inserting ‘‘,
Under Secretary, or Administrator’’; and
(2) in subsection (d)—
(A) by inserting after ‘‘The’’ the following: ‘‘Under Secretary of Transportation for Security or the’’;
(B) by striking ‘‘Administration’’ the second place it
appears and inserting ‘‘Transportation Security Administration or Federal Aviation Administration, as the case
may be,’’; and
(C) by striking ‘‘the Administrator decides’’ and
inserting ‘‘the Under Secretary or Administrator, as the
case may be, decides’’.
(d) PENALTIES.—Chapter 463 of such title is amended—
(1) in section 46301(d)(2)—
(A) by striking ‘‘, chapter 449 (except sections 44902,
44903(d), 44907(a)–(d)(1)(A) and (d)(1)(C)–(f), 44908, and
44909),’’;
(B) by inserting after the first sentence the following: ‘‘The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
may impose a civil penalty for a violation of chapter 449
(except sections 44902, 44903(d), 44907(a)–(d)(1)(A),
44907(d)(1)(C)–(f), 44908, and 44909) or a regulation prescribed or order issued under such chapter 449.’’; and
(C) by inserting ‘‘Under Secretary or’’ before ‘‘Administrator shall’’;
(2) in each of paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 46301(d)
by striking ‘‘Administrator’’ each place it appears and inserting
‘‘Under Secretary or Administrator’’;
(3) in section 46301(d)(8) by striking ‘‘Administrator’’ and
inserting ‘‘Under Secretary, Administrator,’’;
(4) in section 46301(h)(2) by inserting after ‘‘(or’’ the following: ‘‘the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
with respect to security duties and powers designated to be
carried out by the Under Secretary or’’;
(5) in section 46303(c)(2) by inserting ‘‘or the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security’’ after ‘‘Federal Aviation
Administration’’;
(6) in section 46311—
(A) by inserting after ‘‘Transportation,’’ the following:
‘‘the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with
respect to security duties and powers designated to be
carried out by the Under Secretary,’’;
(B) by inserting after ‘‘Secretary,’’ each place it appears
the following: ‘‘Under Secretary,’’; and
(C) by striking ‘‘or Administrator’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘, Under Secretary, or Administrator’’;
(7) in each of sections 46313 and 46316 by inserting after
‘‘(or’’ the following: ‘‘the Under Secretary of Transportation
for Security with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or’’; and
(8) in section 46505(d)(2) by inserting ‘‘or the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security’’ after ‘‘Federal Aviation
Administration’’.

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SEC. 141. SAVINGS PROVISION.

(a) TRANSFER OF ASSETS AND PERSONNEL.—Except as otherwise
provided in this Act, those personnel, property, and records
employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with a function transferred to the Transportation Security
Administration by this Act shall be transferred to the Transportation Security Administration for use in connection with the functions transferred. Unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds made available to the Federal Aviation
Administration to carry out such functions shall also be transferred
to the Transportation Security Administration for use in connection
with the functions transferred.
(b) LEGAL DOCUMENTS.—All orders, determinations, rules, regulations, permits, grants, loans, contracts, settlements, agreements,
certificates, licenses, and privileges—
(1) that have been issued, made, granted, or allowed to
become effective by the Federal Aviation Administration, any
officer or employee thereof, or any other Government official,
or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in the performance
of any function that is transferred by this Act; and
(2) that are in effect on the effective date of such transfer
(or become effective after such date pursuant to their terms
as in effect on such effective date), shall continue in effect
according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded,
set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by the Under
Secretary of Transportation for Security, any other authorized
official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or operation of law.
(c) PROCEEDINGS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The provisions of this Act shall not affect
any proceedings or any application for any license pending
before the Federal Aviation Administration at the time this
Act takes effect, insofar as those functions are transferred
by this Act; but such proceedings and applications, to the
extent that they relate to functions so transferred, shall be
continued. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals
shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant
to such orders, as if this Act had not been enacted; and orders
issued in any such proceedings shall continue in effect until
modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked by a duly authorized official, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation
of law.
(2) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection
shall be deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification
of any proceeding described in paragraph (1) under the same
terms and conditions and to the same extent that such proceeding could have been discontinued or modified if this Act
had not been enacted.
(3) ORDERLY TRANSFER.—The Secretary of Transportation
is authorized to provide for the orderly transfer of pending
proceedings from the Federal Aviation Administration.
(d) SUITS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—This Act shall not affect suits commenced
before the date of the enactment of this Act, except as provided
in paragraphs (2) and (3). In all such suits, proceeding shall
be had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered in the same
manner and with the same effect as if this Act had not been
enacted.

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note.

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(2) SUITS BY OR AGAINST FAA.—Any suit by or against
the Federal Aviation Administration begun before the date
of the enactment of this Act shall be continued, insofar as
it involves a function retained and transferred under this Act,
with the Transportation Security Administration (to the extent
the suit involves functions transferred to the Transportation
Security Administration under this Act) substituted for the
Federal Aviation Administration.
(3) REMANDED CASES.—If the court in a suit described
in paragraph (1) remands a case to the Transportation Security
Administration, subsequent proceedings related to such case
shall proceed in accordance with applicable law and regulations
as in effect at the time of such subsequent proceedings.
(e) CONTINUANCE OF ACTIONS AGAINST OFFICERS.—No suit,
action, or other proceeding commenced by or against any officer
in his official capacity as an officer of the Federal Aviation Administration shall abate by reason of the enactment of this Act. No
cause of action by or against the Federal Aviation Administration,
or by or against any officer thereof in his official capacity, shall
abate by reason of the enactment of this Act.
(f) EXERCISE OF AUTHORITIES.—Except as otherwise provided
by law, an officer or employee of the Transportation Security
Administration may, for purposes of performing a function transferred by this Act or the amendments made by this Act, exercise
all authorities under any other provision of law that were available
with respect to the performance of that function to the official
responsible for the performance of the function immediately before
the effective date of the transfer of the function under this Act.
(g) ACT DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘Act’’ includes
the amendments made by this Act.
31 USC 1105
note.

SEC. 142. BUDGET SUBMISSIONS.

49 USC 47108
note.

SEC. 143. LAND ACQUISITION COSTS.

The President’s budget submission for fiscal year 2003 and
each fiscal year thereafter shall reflect the establishment of the
Transportation Security Administration.
In the case of a grant for land acquisition issued to an airport
under chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, prior to January
1, 1995, the Secretary of Transportation may waive the provisions
of section 47108 of such title and provide an upward adjustment
in the maximum obligation of the United States under that chapter
to assist the airport in funding land acquisition costs (and associated
eligible costs) that increased as a result of a judicial order.
SEC. 144. LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR ACTS TO THWART CRIMINAL
VIOLENCE OR AIRCRAFT PIRACY.

49 USC 44903.

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Section 44903 is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(h) LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR ACTS TO THWART CRIMINAL
VIOLENCE OR AIRCRAFT PIRACY.—An individual shall not be liable
for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State court
arising out of the acts of the individual in attempting to thwart
an act of criminal violence or piracy on an aircraft if that individual
reasonably believed that such an act of criminal violence or piracy
was occurring or was about to occur.’’.

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SEC. 145. AIR CARRIERS REQUIRED TO HONOR TICKETS FOR SUSPENDED SERVICE.

(a) IN GENERAL.—Each air carrier that provides scheduled air
transportation on a route shall provide, to the extent practicable,
air transportation to passengers ticketed for air transportation on
that route by any other air carrier that suspends, interrupts, or
discontinues air passenger service on the route by reason of insolvency or bankruptcy of the other air carrier.
(b) PASSENGER OBLIGATION.—An air carrier is not required
to provide air transportation under subsection (a) to a passenger
unless that passenger makes alternative arrangements with the
air carrier for such transportation within 60 days after the date
on which that passenger’s air transportation was suspended, interrupted, or discontinued (without regard to the originally scheduled
travel date on the ticket).
(c) SUNSET.—This section does not apply to air transportation
the suspension, interruption, or discontinuance of which occurs
more than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 146. AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS IN ENHANCED CLASS B AIRSPACE.

Upon request of an operator of an aircraft affected by the
restrictions imposed under Notice to Airmen FDC 1/0618 issued
by the Federal Aviation Administration, or any other notice issued
after September 11, 2001, and prior to the date of enactment
of this Act that restricts the ability of United States registered
aircraft to conduct operations under part 91 of title 14, Code of
Federal Regulations, in enhanced class B airspace (as defined by
such Notice), such restrictions shall cease to be in effect for the
affected class of operator beginning on the 30th day following the
request, unless the Secretary of Transportation publishes a notice
in the Federal Register before such 30th day reimposing the restriction and explaining the reasons for the restriction.

49 USC 40101
note.

Deadline.

Federal Register,
publication.

SEC. 147. AVIATION WAR RISK INSURANCE.

Section 44306(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended
by striking ‘‘60 days’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘1 year’’.

TITLE II—LIABILITY LIMITATION
SEC. 201. AIR TRANSPORTATION SAFETY AND SYSTEM STABILIZATION
ACT AMENDMENTS.

(a) RECOVERY OF COLLATERAL SOURCE OBLIGATIONS OF TERRORISTS.—Section 405(c)(3)(B)(i) of the Air Transportation Safety and
System Stabilization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by
striking ‘‘obligations.’’ and inserting ‘‘obligations, or to a civil action
against any person who is a knowing participant in any conspiracy
to hijack any aircraft or commit any terrorist act.’’.
(b) EXTENSION OF LIABILITY RELIEF TO AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURERS AND OTHERS.—Section 408 of that Act is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘air carrier’’ in the section heading;
(2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

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note.

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115 STAT. 646

49 USC 40101
note.
49 USC 40101
note.

VerDate 11-MAY-2000

13:46 Nov 29, 2001

PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(1) LIABILITY LIMITED TO INSURANCE COVERAGE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, liability for all claims,
whether for compensatory or punitive damages or for contribution or indemnity, arising from the terrorist-related aircraft
crashes of September 11, 2001, against an air carrier, aircraft
manufacturer, airport sponsor, or person with a property
interest in the World Trade Center, on September 11, 2001,
whether fee simple, leasehold or easement, direct or indirect,
or their directors, officers, employees, or agents, shall not be
in an amount greater than the limits of liability insurance
coverage maintained by that air carrier, aircraft manufacturer,
airport sponsor, or person.
‘‘(2) WILLFUL DEFAULTS ON REBUILDING OBLIGATION.—Paragraph (1) does not apply to any such person with a property
interest in the World Trade Center if the Attorney General
determines, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing on
the record, that the person has defaulted willfully on a contractual obligation to rebuild, or assist in the rebuilding of, the
World Trade Center.
‘‘(3) LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY FOR NEW YORK CITY.—
Liability for all claims, whether for compensatory or punitive
damages or for contribution or indemnity arising from the
terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, against
the City of New York shall not exceed the greater of the
city’s insurance coverage or $350,000,000. If a claimant who
is eligible to seek compensation under section 405 of this Act,
submits a claim under section 405, the claimant waives the
right to file a civil action (or to be a party to an action)
in any Federal or State court for damages sustained as a
result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September
11, 2001, including any such action against the City of New
York. The preceding sentence does not apply to a civil action
to recover collateral source obligations.’’; and
(3) by adding at the end of subsection (c) the following:
‘‘Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to civil actions to recover
collateral source obligations. Nothing in this section shall in
any way limit any liability of any person who is engaged
in the business of providing air transportation security and
who is not an airline or airport sponsor or director, officer,
or employee of an airline or airport sponsor.’’.
(c) LIMITATION OF UNITED STATES SUBROGATION RIGHT.—Section 409 of that Act is amended by striking ‘‘title.’’ and inserting
‘‘title, subject to the limitations described in section 408.’’.
(d) DEFINITIONS.—Section 402 of that Act is amended—
(1) by adding at the end of paragraph (1) the following:
‘‘The term ‘air carrier’ does not include a person, other than
an air carrier, engaged in the business of providing air transportation security.’’.
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (10), respectively; and

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PUBLIC LAW 107–71—NOV. 19, 2001

115 STAT. 647

(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
‘‘(3) AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER.—The term ‘aircraft manufacturer’ means any entity that manufactured the aircraft or
any parts or components of the aircraft involved in the terrorist
related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, including
employees and agents of that entity.
‘‘(4) AIRPORT SPONSOR.—The term ‘airport sponsor’ means
the owner or operator of an airport (as defined in section
40102 of title 49, United States Code).’’.
Approved November 19, 2001.

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 1447 (H.R. 3150):
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107–296 (Comm. of Conference).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 147 (2001):
Oct. 10, 11, considered and passed Senate.
Nov. 6, considered and passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 3150.
Nov. 16, House and Senate agreed to conference report.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 37 (2001):
Nov. 19, Presidential statement.

Æ

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