Ethylene Oxide Standard
1218-0108
May 2019
Note
OSHA has completed a regulatory review of its existing safety and health standards in response to the President’s Executive Order 13563, “Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review” (76 FR 3821). This review, the Standards Improvement Project–Phase IV (SIP-IV), was the fourth in a series of rulemaking actions to improve and streamline OSHA standards. OSHA’s Standards Improvement Projects remove or revise individual requirements in safety and health standards that are confusing, outdated, duplicative, or inconsistent. The goal of this rulemaking was to reduce regulatory burden while maintaining or enhancing employees’ safety and health.
As part of the SIP-IV rulemaking, OSHA removed the provisions in its standards that require employers to collect and record employees’ social security numbers. This change will help protect employee privacy and aid in preventing identity fraud. The Ethylene Oxide standard, 29 CFR 1910.1047, has been amended to reflect this change.
This ICR seeks OMB approval for changes to the collection in accordance with the SIP-IV Final Rule. As noted above and described in more detail in this ICR, the SIP-IV Final Rule is expected to reduce the paperwork burden borne by employers.
SUPPORTING STATEMENT FOR THE
COLLECTIONS OF INFORMATION IN
THE ETHYLENE OXIDE (EtO) STANDARD (29 CFR 1910.1047)1,2
(OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET (OMB)
CONTROL NO. 1218-0108 (May 2019)
A. JUSTIFICATION
1. Explain the circumstances that make the collection of information necessary. Identify any legal or administrative requirements that necessitate the collection. Attach a copy of the appropriate section of each statute and regulation mandating or authorizing the collection of information.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act’s (OSH Act) main objective is to “assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources” (29 U.S.C. 651). To achieve this objective, the OSH Act specifically authorizes “the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards” (29 U.S.C. 651).
For toxic substances, the OSH Act contains specific statutory language. Accordingly, and as appropriate, health standards must include provisions for monitoring and measuring worker exposure, medical examinations and other tests, control and technological procedures, suitable protective equipment, labels and other appropriate forms of warning, and precautions for safe use or exposure (29 U.S.C. 655 and 657). In addition, the OSH Act mandates "regulations requiring employers to maintain accurate records of worker exposure to potentially toxic materials or other harmful physical agents which are required to be monitored and measured," and further requires that employers notify workers exposed to concentrations over specific limits of these exposures, and of the corrective action(s) they are taking (29 U.S.C. 657).
Under the authority granted by the OSH Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published a health standard governing worker exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) at 29 CFR 1910.1047 (the "Standard"). The basis for the Standard was a determination by OSHA, based on animal and human data, that exposure to EtO presents a carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, reproductive, neurologic, and sensitization hazard to workers (49 FR 25737). OSHA established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for occupational exposure to EtO of 1 part per million (ppm), assessed using an 8-hour time-weighted average (referred to hereafter as "TWA"). The Agency also developed an excursion limit (EL) of 5 ppm, determined during a 15-minute exposure period. Exposures below an action level (AL) of 0.5 ppm, measured as a TWA, exempts employers from some of the regulatory burdens of the Standard, such as worker exposure monitoring and medical surveillance.
2. Indicate how, by whom, and for what purpose the information is to be used. Except for a new collection, indicate the actual use the agency has made of the information received from the current collection.
The following are the collections of information as stated in the Standard, followed by discussions indicating how, by whom, and for what purpose the information is used.
A. Initial monitoring (§ 1910.1047(d)(1) and (d)(2))
§ 1910.1047(d)(1)(iii)
Where the employer can document that exposure levels are equivalent for similar operations in different work shifts, the employer need only determine representative employee exposure for that operation during one shift.
§ 1910.1047(d)(2)(i)
Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraph (a)(2) or (d)(2)(ii) of this section, shall perform initial monitoring to determine accurately the airborne concentrations of EtO to which employees may be exposed.
Purpose: The employer has the duty to identify areas and operations that may require additional reduction in airborne EtO to meet the TWA and EL. Initial exposure-monitoring results also assist employers in determining the need for engineering controls, implementing or modifying work practices, and selecting appropriate respiratory protection to prevent workers from overexposure to EtO.
B. Monitoring frequency (periodic monitoring) (§ 1910.1047(d)(3))
If the monitoring required by paragraph (d)(2) of this section reveals employee exposure at or above the action level but at or below the 8-hour TWA, the employer shall repeat such monitoring for each such employee at least every 6 months.
§ 1910.1047(d)(3)(ii)
If the monitoring required by paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section reveals employee exposure above the 8-hour TWA, the employer shall repeat such monitoring for each such employee at least every 3 months.
The employer may alter the monitoring schedule from quarterly to semiannually for any employee for whom two consecutive measurements taken at least 7 days apart indicate that the employee's exposure has decreased to or below the 8-hour TWA.
§ 1910.1047(d)(3)(iv)
If the monitoring required by paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section reveals employee exposure above the 15 minute excursion limit, the employer shall repeat such monitoring for each such employee at least every 3 months, and more often as necessary to evaluate exposure the employee's short-term exposures.
Purpose: Periodic monitoring allows employers to determine the impact of implemented controls, modifications in process, materials, or environmental conditions on worker exposures to EtO. Periodic exposure monitoring also enables workers to evaluate the effectiveness of control methods.
C. Additional monitoring (§ 1910.1047(d)(5))
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (d)(4) of this section, the employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel or work practices that may result in new or additional exposures to EtO or when the employer has any reason to suspect that a change may result in new or additional exposures.
Purpose: Changes in production, process, control equipment, and new personnel may lead to an increase in worker exposure levels. Additional monitoring is necessary so that the employer may take action to protect workers, such as providing appropriate respiratory equipment or instituting engineering controls. Additional monitoring ensures that the work area is safe, or alerts the employer to the need to increase worker protection.
D. Employee notification of monitoring results (§ 1910.1047(d)(7))
§ 1910.1047(d)(7)(i)
The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this section, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees.
§ 1910.1047(d)(7)(ii)
The written notification required by paragraph (d)(7)(i) of this section shall contain the corrective action being taken by the employer to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit, wherever monitoring results indicated that the TWA and/or excursion limit has been exceeded.
Purpose: This notification requirement assures that each worker receives accurate exposure data and, in addition, provides them with information regarding the specific actions the employer is taking to lower their exposures and to furnish them with a safe and healthful workplace in accordance with section 8(c)(3) of the Act.
E. Compliance program (§ 1910.1047(f)(2))
§ 1910.1047(f)(2)(i)
Where the TWA or excursion limit is exceeded, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit by means of engineering and work practice controls, as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, and by the use of respiratory protection where required or permitted under this section.
§ 1910.1047(f)(2)(ii)
The compliance program shall include a schedule for periodic leak detection surveys and a written plan for emergency situations, as specified in paragraph (h)(1)(i) of this section.
§ 1910.1047(f)(2)(iii)
Written plans for a program required in paragraph (f)(2) shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives. Such plans shall be reviewed at least every 12 months, and shall be updated as necessary to reflect significant changes in the status of the employer's compliance program.
Purpose: This requirement commits the employer to evaluating worker exposure and establishing an organized and comprehensive program for reducing worker exposures to or below the PELs. Revising and updating the written program serves to remind employers to implement and maintain the exposure-control methods required by the Standard.
OSHA has determined that the requirement for employers to make information available upon request to the Assistant Secretary is not a collection of information; OSHA typically requests access to records during an inspection, and information collected by the Agency during the investigation is not subject to the PRA under 5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2). While NIOSH may use records collected from employers for research purposes, the Agency does not anticipate NIOSH to request employers to make available records during the approval period. Therefore, the burden for the employer to make this information available to NIOSH is zero. OSHA is not taking burden for this activity under Item 12 of this Supporting Statement.
Respiratory protection (§1910.1047(g))
For employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee with an appropriate respirator that complies with requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during the following times:
§ 1910.1047(g)(1)(i) - Periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and
work-practice controls.
§ 1910.1047(g)(1)(ii) - Work operations, such as maintenance and repair activities and vessel cleaning, for which engineering and work-practice controls are not feasible.
§ 1910.1047(g)(1)(iii) - Work operations for which feasible engineering and work-practice controls are not yet sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA.
§ 1910.1047(g)(1)(iv) - Emergencies.
Respirator program (§ 1910.1047(g)(2))
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with 1910.134 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.
Purpose: The Respiratory Protection Standard assists employers in protecting the health of workers exposed to airborne contaminants and biological agents. The respiratory protection collections of information are contained the Respiratory Protection Information Collection Request (ICR), OMB Control Number 1218-0099. The Respiratory Protection ICR provides the justification, purpose, and burden hours and cost estimates for these provisions.
G. Emergency situations - Written plan (§ 1910.1047(h)(1))
A written plan for emergency situations shall be developed for each workplace where there is a possibility of an emergency. Appropriate portions of the plan shall be implemented in the event of an emergency.
The plan shall specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency conditions shall be equipped with respiratory protection as required by paragraph (g) of this section until the emergency is abated.
The plan shall include the elements prescribed in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans" and "Fire prevention plans," respectively.
Purpose: Emergency and fire prevention plans provide workers with information to maximize their personal protection and minimize EtO exposures during an emergency.
H. Medical surveillance (§ 1910.1047(i)(1))
Employees covered (§ 1910.1047(i)(1)(i))
§ 1910.1047(i)(1)(i)(A) - The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or may be exposed to EtO at or above the action level, without regard to the use of respirators, for at least 30 days a year.
§ 1910.1047(i)(1)(i)(B) - The employer shall make available medical examinations and consultations to all employees who have been exposed to EtO in an emergency situation.
Medical examinations and consultations (§ 1910.1047(i)(2))
Frequency (§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i))
The employer shall make available medical examinations and consultations to each employee covered under paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this section on the following schedules:
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(A) - Prior to assignment of the employee to an area where exposure may be at or above the action level for at least 30 days a year.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(B) - At least annually each employee exposed at or above the action level for at least 30 days in the past year.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(C) - At termination of employment or reassignment to an area where exposure to EtO is not at or above the action level for at least 30 days a year.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(D) - As medically appropriate for any employee exposed during an emergency.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(E) - As soon as possible, upon notification by an employee either (1) that the employee has developed signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure to
EtO, or (2) that the employee desires medical advice concerning the effects of current or past exposure to EtO on the employee's ability to produce a healthy child.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(i)(F) - If the examining physician determines that any of the examinations should be provided more frequently than specified, the employer shall
provide such examinations to affected employees at the frequencies recommended by the physician.
Content (§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii))
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(A) - Medical examinations made available pursuant to paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (D) of this section shall include:
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(A)(1) - A medical and work history with special emphasis directed to symptoms related to the pulmonary, hematologic, neurologic, and reproductive systems and to the eyes and skin.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(A)(2) - A physical examination with particular emphasis given to the pulmonary, hematologic, neurologic, and reproductive systems and to the eyes and skin.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(A)(3) - A complete blood count to include at least a white cell count (including differential cell count), red cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(A)(4) - Any laboratory or other test which the examining physician deems necessary by sound medical practice.
§ 1910.1047(i)(2)(ii)(B) - The content of medical examinations or consultation made available pursuant to paragraph (i)(2)(i)(E) of this section shall be determined by the examining physician, and shall include pregnancy testing or laboratory evaluation of fertility, if requested by the employee and deemed appropriate by the physician.
Purpose: Documentation of the medical-examination results as required by the Standard provides a continuous record of worker health. Physicians use these records to determine the extent to which workers, since their last examination, experience health effects related to their EtO exposure. Further, the physician often needs information about a worker’s previous medical conditions to make an accurate diagnosis of the new condition, ascertain its apparent cause, and identify a course of treatment. Medical records also permit workers to determine whether they need treatment, or to evaluate the effectiveness of their employer’s exposure-reduction program.
I. Information provided to the physician (§ 1910.1047(i)(3))
The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician:
§ 1910.1047(i)(3)(i) - A copy of this standard and Appendices A, B, and C.
§ 1910.1047(i)(3)(ii) - A description of the affected employee's duties as they relate to the employee's exposure.
§ 1910.1047(i)(3)(iii) - The employee's representative exposure level or anticipated exposure level.
§ 1910.1047(i)(3)(iv) - A description of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used or to be used.
§ 1910.1047(i)(3)(v) - Information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee that is not otherwise available to the examining physician.
Purpose: Making this information available to physicians assists them in evaluating the worker's health and fitness for specific job assignments involving EtO exposure. As noted earlier, if signs of organic damage appear, the physician often needs information about a worker’s previous medical conditions to make an accurate diagnosis of the new condition, its apparent cause, and the course of treatment required. Medical records also ensure that workers can determine whether they require treatment, or to evaluate the effectiveness of the employer’s exposure-reduction program.
J. Physician's written opinion (§ 1910.1047(i)(4))
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(i)
The employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physician. This written opinion shall contain the results of the medical examination and shall include:
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(i)(A) - The physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of material health impairment from exposure to EtO;
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(i)(B) - Any recommended limitations on the employee or upon the use of personal protective equipment such as clothing or respirators; and
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(i)(C) - A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and of any medical conditions resulting from EtO exposure that require further explanation or treatment.
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(ii)
The employer shall instruct the physician not to reveal in the written opinion given to the employer specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure to EtO.
§ 1910.1047(i)(4)(iii)
The employer shall provide a copy of the physician's written opinion to the affected employee within 15 days from its receipt.
Purpose: The purpose of requiring the employer to obtain a physician’s written opinion is to provide the employer with medical information to aid in determining the initial placement of workers, and to assess the worker's ability to use protective clothing and equipment. The physician's written opinion will also provide information to the employer about whether the worker has a condition indicating overexposure to EtO. The requirement that the physician's opinion be in writing will ensure that the information is properly memorialized for later reference. Providing workers with a copy of the physician's written opinion will inform them of the medical-examination results so that they can assist in determining the need for, and evaluate the effectiveness of, treatment or other interventions.
K. Signs and labels (§ 1910.1047(j)(2(i)))
§ 1910.1047(j)(2)(i)-Signs
The employer must post warning signs in work areas where EtO exposures exceed or may exceed the TWA or EL. Employers must also affix warning labels to containers that may cause worker exposure at or above the TWA or EL. The Standard provides specific language for the required signs and the labels. Therefore, OSHA took no burden hours or costs for these requirements. (See final rule entitled “Controlling Paperwork Burden on the Public,” 5 CFR 1320.3(c)(2).)
(A)The employer shall post and maintain legible signs demarcating regulated areas and entrances or access ways to regulated areas that bear the following legend:
DANGER
ETHYLENE OXIDE
MAY
CAUSE CANCER
MAY DAMAGE FERTILTY OR THE UNBORN CHILD
RESPIRATORY
PROTECTION AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MAY BE REQUIRED IN THIS
AREA
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
(B) Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in paragraph (j)(2)(i)(A) of this section:
DANGER
ETHYLENE
OXIDE
CANCER
HAZARD AND REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MAY BE REQUIRED TO BE WORN IN THIS AREA
Purpose: These signs alert workers of regulated areas, and to take necessary protective steps before entering the area. Regulated areas may also exist on a temporary basis, for example, during maintenance. The use of warning signs in these types of situations is also important, since the temporary high exposures would represent a new or unexpected exposure to workers who are regularly scheduled to work at these sites. The posting of warning signs at the occurrence of a maintenance situation, or during an emergency if there is time, will help prevent unnecessary exposures to workers who may not otherwise know or expect excessive EtO exposure levels, and serves to warn workers of the need to wear respirators.
The employer shall ensure that precautionary labels are affixed to all containers of EtO whose contents are capable of causing employee exposure at or above the action level or whose contents may reasonably be foreseen to cause employee exposure above the excursion limit, and that the labels remain affixed when the containers of EtO leave the workplace. For the purposes of this paragraph, reaction vessels, storage tanks, and pipes or piping systems are not considered to be containers. The labels shall comply with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200(f) of OSHA's Hazard Communication standard, and shall include the following legend:
§ 1910.1047(j)(2)(ii)(B): Prior to June 1, 2015, employers may include the following
information on containers of EtO in lieu of the labeling requirements in paragraph
(J)(2)(ii)(B)(j)(1)(i) of this section:
DANGER
CONTAINS
ETHYLENE OXIDE
CANCER HAZARD AND REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD;
and
§ 1910.1047(j)(2) - A warning statement against breathing airborne concentrations of EtO.
The labeling requirements under this section do not apply where EtO is used as a pesticide, as such term is defined in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.), when it is labeled pursuant to that Act and regulations issued under that Act by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Purpose: Warning labels assure that downstream employers and workers are informed of the hazards of EtO, and that these employers may need to implement special practices to prevent exposure. Furthermore, hazard labels alert other employers who, in the absence of such labels, might not know that EtO is present in their workplace and, consequently, that they must comply with the Standard.
M. Information and training (§ 1910.1047(j)(3))
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(i)
The Standard’s information and training requirements are not considered collections of information. Therefore, OSHA takes no burden hours and costs for this requirement.
The employer shall provide employees who are potentially exposed to EtO at or above the action level or above the excursion limit with information and training on EtO at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(ii)
Employees shall be informed of the following:
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(ii)(A) - The requirements of this section with an explanation of its contents, including Appendices A and B;
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(ii)(B) - Any operations in their work area where EtO is present;
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(ii)(C) - The location and availability of the written EtO final rule; and
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(ii)(D) - The medical surveillance program required by paragraph (i) of this section with an explanation of the information in Appendix C.
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(iii)
Employee training shall include at least:
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(iii)(A) - Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of EtO in the work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, etc.);
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(iii)(B) - The physical and health hazards of EtO;
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(iii)(C) - The measures employees can take to protect themselves from hazards associated with EtO exposure, including specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to EtO, such as work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used; and
§ 1910.1047(j)(3)(iii)(D) - The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer, including an explanation of the labeling system and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information.
Purpose: The information and training requirements of the Standard are essential to inform workers of the health hazards of EtO exposure, and to provide them with the understanding required to minimize these health hazards. In addition, training provides information to workers that enable them to recognize how and where EtO exposure occurs, and what steps to take, including work practices, to limit such exposure. Another benefit of training is that it serves to explain and reinforce the information presented to workers on warning signs, labels, and MSDSs. This warning information will be successful and relevant only if workers understand the information, and are aware of the actions they must take to avoid or minimize EtO exposure.
N. Objective data for exempted operations (§ 1910.1047(k)(1))
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(i)
Where the processing, use, or handling of products made from or containing EtO are exempted from other requirements of this section under paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or where objective data have been relied on in lieu of initial monitoring under paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section,
the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of objective data reasonably relied upon in support of the exemption.
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)
This record shall include at least the following information:
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)(A) - The product qualifying for exemption;
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)(B) - The source of the objective data;
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)(C) - The testing protocol, results of testing, and/or analysis of the material for the release of EtO;
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)(D) - A description of the operation exempted and how the data support the exemption; and
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(ii)(E) - Other data relevant to the operations, materials, processing, or employee exposures covered by the exemption.
§ 1910.1047(k)(1)(iii)
The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such objective data.
Purpose: The purpose of requiring an employer to document and maintain these determinations is to assure that workers and their representatives, who must have access to these determinations as specified by paragraph (k)(4) of the Standard, that the determinations are reasonable. This provision ensures that the determinations are valid and that they will protect workers from exposure to EtO at or above the AL. Maintaining the records also allows OSHA to ascertain whether an employer is complying with the Standard; thereby, providing additional assurance that workers are receiving adequate protection from EtO exposures.
O. Exposure measurements (§ 1910.1047(k)(2))
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(i)
The employer shall keep an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to EtO as prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section.
This record shall include at least the following information:
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(A) - The date of measurement;
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(B) - The operation involving exposure to EtO which is being monitored;
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(C) - Sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy;
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(D) - Number, duration, and results of samples taken;
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(E) - Type of protective devices worn, if any; and
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(ii)(F) - Name and exposure of the employees whose exposures are represented.
§ 1910.1047(k)(2)(iii)
The employer shall maintain this record for at least thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
Purpose: This document retention requirement enables employers, and workers and their designated representatives, to identify the levels, durations, and extent of EtO exposures (including overexposures). Additionally, this requirement allows the employers to determine if existing controls are protecting workers or whether additional controls are necessary to provide the required protection. Lastly, it enables the employer to access the relationship between EtO exposure and the subsequent development of medical diseases. Retaining these records for 30 years is necessary to document any association that may exist between EtO exposures and the development of long-latency illnesses caused by these exposures.
P. Medical surveillance (§ 1910.1047(k)(3))
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(i)
The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance by paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this section, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(ii)
The record shall include at least the following information:
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(ii)(A) - The name of the employee;
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(ii)(B) - Physicians' written opinions;
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(ii)(C) - Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to EtO; and
§ 1910.1047(k)(3)(ii)(D) - A copy of the information provided to the physician as required by paragraph (i)(3) of this section.
The employer shall ensure that this record is maintained for the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
Purpose: Medical-surveillance records assist workers and their physicians in determining the need for treatment or other interventions as a result of the workers’ exposure to EtO. This information also will alert employers when worker overexposure to EtO occurs, thereby enabling employers to take the action(s) required to reduce EtO exposures. Maintaining these records for long periods is necessary because of the long latency associated with the development of diseases caused by EtO exposure.
Q. Availability (§ 1910.1047(k)(4))3
§ 1910.1047(k)(4)(i)
The employer, upon written request, shall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying
§ 1910.1047(k)(4)(ii)
The employer, upon request, shall make any exemption and exposure records required by paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this section available for examination and copying to affected employees, former employees, designated representatives and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020 (a) through (e) and (g) through (i).
§ 1910.1047(k)(4)(iii)
The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required by paragraph (k)(3) of this section available for examination and copying to the subject employee, anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
Purpose: Workers and worker representatives use exposure-monitoring and medical-surveillance records to assess worker medical status over the course of employment to evaluate the effectiveness of the worker’s exposure-reduction program, and for other reasons.
R. Transfer of records (§ 1910.1047(k)(5))
§ 1910.1028(k)(5)
The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).
Paragraph (h) of § 1910.1020 requires employers who cease to do business to transfer medical and exposure-monitoring records to the successor employer, who then must receive and maintain the records. If no successor employer is available, the employer must, at least three months before ceasing business, notify current workers who have records of their right to access these records.
OSHA considers the employer’s transfer of records to a successor employer to be usual and customary communications during the transition from one employer to a successor employer. In this regard, the employer would communicate the location of all records, including worker exposure-monitoring and medical records, at the facility to the successor employer during the transfer of business operations, as a matter of usual and customary business practice.
In addition, OSHA accounts for the burden hours and costs resulting from the worker notification requirements under the Information Collection Request (ICR) for its Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records Standard (§ 1910.1020), OMB Control No. 1218-0065.
3. Describe whether, and to what extent, the collection of information involves the use of automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses, and the basis for the decision for adopting this means of collection. Also describe any consideration of using information technology to reduce burden.
Employers may use automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques, or other forms of information technology (e.g., electronic submission of responses), when establishing and maintaining the required records. The Agency wrote the paperwork requirements of the Standard in performance-oriented language, i.e., in terms of what data to collect, not how to record the data.
4. Describe efforts to identify duplication. Show specifically why any similar information already available cannot be used or modified for use for the purpose(s) described in Item A.2 above.
The information required to be collected and maintained is specific to each employer and worker involved, and is not available from, or duplicated, by another source. The information required by the Standard is available only from employers. At this time, there is no alternate information source available.
5. If the collection of information impacts small businesses or other small entities, describe any methods used to minimize burden.
The collections of information do not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
6. Describe the consequence to Federal program or policy activities if the collection is not conducted or is conducted less frequently, as well as any technical or legal obstacles to reducing the burden.
The information collection frequencies specified by this Standard are the minimum OSHA believes are necessary to ensure that employers and OSHA can effectively monitor the exposure and health status of workers working with EtO.
Explain any special circumstances that would cause an information collection to be conducted in a manner:
▪ Requiring respondents to report information to the agency more often than quarterly;
▪ Requiring respondents to prepare a written response to a collection of information in fewer than 30 days after receipt of it;
▪ Requiring respondents to submit more than an original and two copies of any document;
▪ Requiring respondents to retain records, other than health, medical, government contract, grant-in-aid, or tax records for more than three years;
▪ In connection with a statistical survey, that is not designed to produce valid and reliable results that can be generalized to the universe of study;
▪ Requiring the use of a statistical data classification that has not been reviewed and approved by OMB;
▪ That includes a pledge of confidentiality that is not supported by authority established in statute or regulation, that is not supported by disclosure and data security policies that are consistent with the pledge, or which unnecessarily impedes sharing of data with other agencies for compatible confidential use; or
▪ Requiring respondents to submit proprietary trade secret, or other confidential information unless the agency can demonstrate that it has instituted procedures to protect the information's confidentiality to the extent permitted by law.
Paragraph (d)(7) of the Standard requires employers to notify each worker, in writing, of their exposure-monitoring results within 15 working days after receiving the results. If the results show that a worker’s exposure to EtO exceeds the TWA or exceeds the excursion limit, the employer must notify them of this finding, and inform them of the corrective action the employer is taking to prevent overexposure and potential adverse health effects. Additionally, paragraph (i)(4)(iii) of the Standard requires employers to provide a copy of the physician's written opinion to the affected worker within 15 days from its receipt.
8. If applicable, provide a copy and identify the date and page number of publication in the Federal Register of the agency's notice, required by 5 CFR 1320.8(d), soliciting comments on the information collection prior to submission to OMB. Summarize public comments received in response to that notice and describe actions taken by the agency in response to those comments. Specifically address comments received on cost and hour burden.
Describe efforts to consult with persons outside the agency to obtain their views on the availability of data, frequency of collection, the clarity of instructions and recordkeeping, disclosure, or reporting format (if any), and on the data elements to be recorded, disclosed, or reported.
Consultation with representatives of those from whom information is to be obtained or those who must compile records should occur at least once every 3 years--even if the collection of information activity is the same as in prior periods. There may be circumstances that may preclude consultation in a specific situation. These circumstances should be explained.
In accordance with 5 CFR 1320.11, OSHA has submitted a revised Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047) Information Collection Request (ICR) to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for the Standards Improvement Project-Phase IV (SIP-IV) rulemaking.
OSHA sought public comment on revisions to this package when the Agency published the SIP- IV NPRM on October 4, 2016 (81 FR 68504). The Agency received no comments in response to this notice during the comment period for the NPRM.
This ICR seeks OMB approval for changes to the collection in accordance with the SIP-IV Final Rule, which is one of OSHA’s Standards Improvement Projects. These projects review existing safety and health standards in response to Executive Order 13563, “Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review” (76 FR 3821). They are intended to improve and streamline OSHA standards by removing or revising requirements that are confusing or outdated, or that duplicate, or are inconsistent with, other standards. The goal of the SIP-IV Final Rule is to reduce regulatory burden while maintaining or enhancing worker safety and health.
9. Explain any decision to provide any payments or gift to respondents, other than remuneration of contractors or grantees.
The Agency will not provide payments or gifts to the respondents.
10. Describe any assurance of confidentiality provided to respondents and the basis for the assurance in statute, regulation, or agency policy.
Since medical records contain information that may be considered private, OSHA has taken steps to ensure that the data are kept private to the extent allowed by law. Rules of Agency practice and procedure governing OSHA access to worker medical records are contained in 29 CFR 1913.10. The legal authority for these procedural regulations is found in sections 8(c)(1) and 8(g)(2) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 U.S.C. 657.
11. Provide additional justification for any questions of a sensitive nature, such as sexual behavior and attitudes, religious beliefs, and other matters that are commonly considered private. This justification should include the reasons why the agency considers the questions necessary, the specific uses to be made of the information, the explanation to be given to persons from whom the information is requested, and any steps to be taken to obtain their consent.
Perceived questions of a sensitive nature may be included in medical questionnaires. Information from medical questionnaires is necessary for the PLHCP or physician, or employer, to determine what protections an employer must take to ensure that the employee will have minimal occupational exposure to hazards such as, insufficient oxygen environments, harmful dusts, fogs, smokes, mists, gases, vapors, and sprays.
12. Provide estimates of the hour burden of the collection of information. The statement should:
Indicate the number of respondents, frequency of response, annual hour burden, and an explanation of how the burden was estimated. Unless directed to do so, agencies should not conduct special surveys to obtain information on which to base hour burden estimates. Consultation with a sample (fewer than 10) of potential respondents is desirable. If the hour burden on respondents is expected to vary widely because of differences in activity, size, or complexity, show the range of estimated hour burden, and explain the reasons for the variance. Generally, estimates should not include burden hours for customary and usual business practices.
If this request for approval covers more than one form, provide separate hour burden estimates for each form.
Provide estimates of annualized cost to respondents for the hour burdens for collections of information, identifying and using appropriate wage rate categories. The cost of contracting out or paying outside parties for information collection activities should not be included here. Instead, this cost should be included in Item 14.
The Agency updated the number of facilities affected by the Ethylene Oxide Standard based on findings from the regulatory review of the Standard conducted in 2005.4 The updated numbers of affected facilities are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Number of Facilities by Industry Sector
Wage Rates: The Agency adopted the mean wage rates from Occupational Employment Statistics, May 2016 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimator: NAICS 325100 – Basic Chemical Manufacturing. To account for fringe benefits, we used the fringe benefit rate reported in BLS’ Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release for June 2017 (BLS, 2017).10 BLS reported that for private industry, fringe benefits accounted for 31.7 percent of total compensation and wages accounted for the remaining 68.3 percent. To calculate the loaded hourly wage for each occupation, thus we divide the mean hourly wage by 68.3 percent. The costs of labor used in this analysis are, therefore, estimates of total hourly compensation. The hourly wages are:
First-Line Supervisor/Manager of Production
and Operating Workers11 (51-1011): $43.25
- Occupational Health and Safety Specialist
and Technician12 (29-9012): $36.97
- Secretaries and Administrative Assistants,
Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 13 (43-6014): $25.45
Burden Hour and Cost Determinations
The following sections provide the number of burden hours and costs resulting from the collection of information in the Standard.
(A) Exposure monitoring (§ 1910.1047(d))
The provisions under paragraph (d) of the Standard specify the conditions under which employers must perform initial, periodic, and additional monitoring for workers exposed to EtO. The number of samples required per facility depends on EtO exposure levels, the number of affected job categories, and the number of shifts per day. OSHA assumes that a professional will take 10 minutes (.17 hour) using a passive dosimeter to collect a TWA sample or an excursion limit (EL) sample; this time includes preparing the required documentation.
Initial monitoring (§ 1910.1047(d)(2))
The number of hospitals using ethylene oxide sterilizers has decreased over the years. There are less medical product manufacturers also, and no spice manufacturers were identified as using EtO. There is an overall decrease in the number of establishments, due primarily to the number of hospitals using Ethylene Oxide.
Periodic and additional monitoring (§ 1910.1047(d)(3) and (d)(5))
Employers must perform additional exposure monitoring if any changes occur in EtO production, process, control equipment, personnel, or work practices that may result in new or increased worker exposure to EtO, or the employer reasonably suspects that any other condition could result in such exposures. For this ICR, the Agency used the assumptions specified in the previous ICR in determining the burden hours and costs for these provisions; this procedure was necessary because no current exposure-monitoring data for the affected industries are available. Accordingly, OSHA assumes that: 9% (or 168) of the total facilities listed in Table 1 will have exposures at or above the AL and at or below the TWA; an additional 9% (or 168) of all facilities will have worker exposures above the TWA; and 6% of all facilities (112) will have exposures above the EL.14 OSHA also assumes that 10% of the total facilities (187) require additional monitoring. Table 2 summarizes the burden hour and cost determinations for these exposure monitoring requirements:
Table 2 |
||||||||
Exposure Monitoring Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Monitoring Requirement |
No. of Facilities |
No. of Samples |
Sampling Frequency per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Sampling Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Above TWA |
168 |
3 |
4 |
2,016 |
0.17 |
343 |
$43.25 |
$14,835 |
At/Above AL & At/Below TWA |
168 |
3 |
2 |
1,008 |
0.17 |
171 |
$43.25 |
$7,396 |
Above EL |
112 |
6 |
1 |
672 |
0.17 |
114 |
$43.25 |
$4931 |
Additional |
187 |
1 |
1 |
187 |
0.17 |
32 |
$43.25 |
$1,384 |
Totals |
|
|
|
3,883 |
|
660 |
|
$28,546 |
Employee notification (§ 1910.1047(d)(7))
Employers must provide written notification to each worker of their exposure-monitoring results, either individually or by posting their exposure-monitoring results in an appropriate location that is accessible to the affected workers. OSHA assumes a secretary spends 5 minutes (.08 hour) documenting exposure levels (including representative exposure levels) and posting the results. As stated in footnote 11, OSHA assumes that worker exposures above the EL occur only in facilities that have airborne EtO concentrations at or above the AL; therefore, employers would post their TWA and EL monitoring results simultaneously (i.e., employee notification of elevated TWAs and ELs can occur in a single posting). Table 3 summarizes the burden hour and cost determinations for this employee-notification requirement:
Table 3 |
||||||||
Employee Exposure Notification Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Monitoring Requirement |
No. of Facilities |
Notifications |
Posting Frequency per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Posting Time) |
Burden Hours |
Secretary Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Above TWA |
168 |
1 |
4 |
672 |
0.08 |
54 |
$25.45 |
$1,374 |
At/Above AL & At/Below TWA; Above EL |
168 |
1 |
2 |
336 |
0.08 |
27 |
$25.45 |
$687 |
Additional |
187 |
1 |
1 |
187 |
0.08 |
15 |
$25.45 |
$382 |
Totals |
523 |
3 |
7 |
1,195 |
|
96 |
|
$2,443 |
(B) Compliance program (§ 1910.1047(f)(2))
If any worker EtO exposures exceed the TWA or EL, the employer must establish and implement a written program to reduce the worker’s exposure to or below the TWA or EL; the employer must do so using primarily engineering controls and work practices, and then respirators as permitted by the Standard. The written compliance program must also include a schedule for periodic leak detection surveys, as well as a plan for emergency situations as specified in paragraph (h)(i). Employers must review their written compliance programs at least annually, and update them as necessary to account for significant program changes.
This provision requires existing facilities to review their written compliance program at least annually if the facility has worker exposures above the TWA or EL. Based on the analysis conducted above under “Periodic and Additional Monitoring,” if 9% and 6% of the existing facilities have worker exposures above the TWA or EL, respectively, then a total of 280 existing facilities (168 facilities with workers who exceed the TWA + 112 facilities with workers who are above the EL) must review their written compliance programs annually. OSHA assumes from the RIA for the final Standard that, on average, a professional spends 1 hour reviewing and updating a written compliance program.
Table 4 Written Compliance Plan |
||||||||
Collection of Information |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Plans |
Frequency Per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Review/Update Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Written Compliance Plan |
280 |
1 |
1 |
280 |
1 |
280 |
$43.25 |
$12,110 |
(C) Respirator protection (§ 1910.1047(g)(2))
The Standard requires employers to implement a respiratory-protection program in accordance with the provisions of OSHA’s Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). OSHA takes the burden for this requirement under the ICR for the Respiratory Protection Standard for General Industry (29 CFR 1910.134), OMB Control Number 1218-0099.
(D) Emergency situations (§ 1910.1047(h)(1)(i))
Employers must develop a written plan for emergency situations for each workplace where there is a possibility of an emergency. The plan must provide workers engaged in correcting emergency conditions with respiratory protection specified by paragraph (g) of the Standard. The plan must also include the elements required by 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.39, "Emergency action plans” and “Fire prevention plans," respectively.
(E) Medical surveillance (§ 1910.1047(i))
General requirements and medical examinations and consultations (§ 1910.1047(i)(1) and (i)(2))
Employers must provide workers with an initial medical examination prior to their assignment to an area where EtO exposures may be at or above the AL for 30 or more days a year, and an annual medical examination to any worker who has EtO exposures at or above the AL for 30 or more days a year. The Standard requires additional medical examinations for workers who:
terminate employment or receive a reassignment to an area where exposure to EtO is not at or above the AL for at least 30 days per year; have EtO exposures that occurred during an emergency situation; notify the employer that they have signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure to EtO; or desire medical advice concerning the effects of current or past exposure to EtO on their ability to produce a healthy child. The employer must also increase the frequency of medical examinations if so advised by the examining physician.
Initial Medical Examinations
To estimate the burden hours and costs of initial medical examinations for this ICR, OSHA multiplied, for each industry sector, the number of exposed workers by the turnover rate specified for the sector in the RIA of the final Standard. However, the RIA found that many employers in each industry sector provided newly hired workers with initial medical examinations prior to publication of the final Standard (i.e., as a usual and customary practice); the Agency refers to the proportion of employers in each sector who administered initial medical examinations to their newly hired workers prior to publication of the final Standard as the "pre-Standard compliance rate." Accordingly, after multiplying the number of exposed workers by the turnover rate for each industry sector, the Agency multiplied the resulting product by the pre-Standard compliance rate, and then subtracted this latter product from the first product (i.e., the product obtained from multiplying the number of exposed workers by the turnover rate) to obtain the number of exposed workers in each sector who must receive the initial medical examinations required by the Standard.
The RIA also assumed that a worker would be away from the job for 2 hours while taking the medical examination (i.e., “lost time”), except for workers in hospitals that use EtO sterilizers, who would be away from their jobs for only .50 hour because they do not have to travel to a medical facility for the medical examination.
The Table 5, summarizes the burden hour and cost determinations for the initial medical-examination requirement.
|
Table 5 |
|||||||||
|
Initial Employee Medical Examinations Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
|||||||||
Initial Medical Surveillance |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Employees per Plants x 25.7% Turnover |
Non Compliance Rate (1-Pre-Standard Compliance Rate) |
Frequency |
Number of Responses |
(Medical Exam Time) |
Burden Hours |
Employee Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |
(f)=(b)*(c)*(d)*(e) |
(g) |
(h)=(f)*(g), Rounded |
(i) |
(j)=(h)*(i), Rounded |
|
EtO Producers |
14 |
(89*.257) |
(1-100%) |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
$36.97 |
$0 |
|
EtO Ethoxylators |
99 |
(60*.257) |
(1-94%) |
1 |
91.5948 |
2 |
183 |
$36.97 |
$6,766 |
|
Hospitals Using EtO Sterilizers |
1,688 |
(12*.257) |
(1-100%) |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
$36.97 |
$0 |
|
Medical-Product Manufacturers |
57 |
(19*.257) |
(1-66%) |
1 |
94.63254 |
2 |
189 |
$36.97 |
$6,987 |
|
Contract Sterilizers |
11 |
(19*.257) |
(1-1) |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
$36.97 |
$0 |
|
Totals |
1,869 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
372 |
|
$13,753 |
|
Periodic Medical Examinations
The Agency also used the RIA for the final Standard to estimate the burden hours and cost of periodic medical examinations. According to the RIA, 25% of the employers in each industry sector provided periodic medical examinations as a usual and customary practice prior to publication of the final Standard (i.e., the “pre-Standard compliance rate”). The Agency, therefore, estimated burden hours and costs by multiplying the number of exposed workers by the pre-standard compliance rate, and then subtracting this product from the number of exposed workers to obtain the number of exposed workers who must receive the periodic medical examinations required by the Standard. Additionally, OSHA used the same "lost time" estimates for these medical examinations that it used for the initial medical examinations. The following chart summarizes the burden hour and cost determinations for the periodic medical-examination requirement.
|
Table 6 |
|||||||||
|
Periodic Employee Medical Examinations Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
|||||||||
Initial Medical Surveillance |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Employees per Facility |
Non Compliance Rate (1-Pre-Standard Compliance Rate) |
Frequency |
Number of Responses |
(Medical Exam Time) |
Burden Hours |
Employee Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |
(f)=(c)*(d)*(e) |
(g) |
(h)=(f)*(g), Rounded |
(i) |
(j)=(h)*(i), Rounded |
|
EtO Producers |
14 |
89 |
(1-25%) |
1 |
934.5 |
2 |
1,869 |
$36.97 |
69,097 |
|
EtO Ethoxylators |
99 |
60 |
(1-25%) |
1 |
4455 |
2 |
8,910 |
$36.97 |
329,403 |
|
Hospitals Using EtO Sterilizers |
1,688 |
12 |
(1-25%) |
1 |
15192 |
0.5 |
7,596 |
$36.97 |
280,824 |
|
Medical-Product Manufacturers |
57 |
19 |
(1-25%) |
1 |
812.25 |
2 |
1,625 |
$36.97 |
60,076 |
|
Contract Sterilizers |
11 |
19 |
(1-25%) |
1 |
156.75 |
2 |
314 |
$36.97 |
11,609 |
|
Totals |
1,869 |
|
|
|
21,551 |
|
20,314 |
|
751,009 |
|
Additional Medical Examinations
Employers must also provide workers with the following additional medical examinations: After exposure to an emergency situation; on termination of employment or reassignment to a work area with EtO exposures below the AL; after developing signs or symptoms of possible EtO exposure; if they desire medical advice concerning their reproductive ability; or as indicated by the examining physician. For the purposes of this ICR, OSHA assumes that 1 percent of the 28,734 exposed workers will require an additional medical examination each year. Hospitals using EtO sterilizers employ 20,256 (1,688 facilities x 12 workers) of these workers, while the other industry sectors covered by the Standard employ the remaining 8,478 workers; 1% of the workers in the hospital and non-hospital sectors would be 203 and 85 workers, respectively. OSHA used the same "lost time" estimates for these medical examinations that it used for the initial and periodic medical examinations (i.e., 2 hours for non-hospital workers and 0.5 hour for hospital workers).
Table 7
Additional Medical Examinations Burden Hour and Cost Estimates
Additional Medical Examinations |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Employees Per Plant |
Frequency Per Year |
Frequency |
Number of Responses |
(Review/Update Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |
(f)=(b)*(c)*(d)*(e) |
(g) |
(h)=(f)*(g), Rounded |
(i) |
(j)=(h)*(i), Rounded |
Hospitals Using EtO Sterilizers |
1,688 |
12 |
0.01 |
|
202.56 |
0.5 |
101 |
$36.97 |
$3,734 |
Other Sectors |
181 |
8,478 total employees/181 plants |
0.01 |
|
84.78 |
2 |
170 |
$36.97 |
$6,285 |
|
1,869 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
271 |
|
$10,019 |
Information provided to the physician (§ 1910.1047(i)(3))
Employers must provide the examining physicians with specific information on each worker who receives a medical examination. Accordingly, the 1,869 facilities covered by the Standard must administer a total of 22,024 medical examinations to their workers each year (i.e., 186 initial medical examinations15 + 21,551 periodic medical examinations16 + 287 additional medical examinations17). The Agency assumes that, for each medical examination administered to a worker, a secretary requires 5 minutes (.08 hour) to compile the information and provide it to the physician.
Table 8 Information to the Physician Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Information provided to the Physician |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Medical Plants Per Plant |
Frequency Per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Review/Update Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Information to Physician |
1,869 |
22,024 Total Medical Exams/ 1,869 Facilities |
1 |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
Physician’s written opinion (§ 1910.1047(i)(4))
Employers must provide a copy of the physician’s written opinion to each worker who receives a medical examination. OSHA assumes that a secretary will take 5 minutes (.08 hour) to deliver a copy of the physician’s written opinion to each worker receiving an examination. Based on the analysis performed under “information provided to the examining physician” above, workers received 22,024 medical examinations annually, each of which results in an opinion written by the examining physician.
Table 9 Physician’s Written Opinion Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Physician’s Written Opinion |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Medical Plants Per Plant |
Frequency Per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Review/Update Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Physician’s Written Opinion |
1,869 |
22,024 Total Medical Exams/ 1,869 Facilities |
1 |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
(F) Communication of EtO hazards to employees (§ 1910.1047(j))
Signs and Labels (§ 1910.1047(j)(2)
“See item 2, above.”
Information and Training (§ 1910.1047(j)(3))
“See item 2, above.”
(G) Recordkeeping (§ 1910.1047(k))
Objective data for exempted operations (§ 1910.1047(k)(1))
Employers must keep a record of the objective data. OSHA believes that employers have previously developed required objective data and now must maintain the objective-data records. The regulatory burden for maintaining objective data is negligible; therefore, the Agency is taking no burden hours or costs for this requirement.
Exposure measurements (§ 1910.1047(k)(2))
The Standard requires each employer to establish and maintain an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor worker exposure to EtO. OSHA estimates that a secretary will spend 5 minutes (.08 hour) to establish, maintain, and update each exposure-monitoring record according to the requirements of this provision. Based on analysis above under “Exposure monitoring,” the 635 facilities covered by the Standard will generate a total of 3,88318 periodic and additional exposure-monitoring records for determining either TWAs or ELs.
Table 10 Recordkeeping -Exposure Monitoring Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Monitoring Requirement |
No. of Facilities |
No. of Samples |
Sampling Frequency per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Sampling Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Above TWA |
168 |
3 |
4 |
2,016 |
0.08 |
161 |
$25.45 |
4,097 |
At/Above AL & At/Below TWA |
168 |
3 |
2 |
1,008 |
0.08 |
81 |
$25.45 |
2,061 |
Above EL |
112 |
6 |
1 |
672 |
0.08 |
54 |
$25.45 |
1,374 |
Additional |
187 |
1 |
1 |
187 |
0.08 |
15 |
$25.45 |
382 |
Totals |
635 |
13 |
8 |
3,883 |
|
311 |
|
7,914 |
Medical records (§ 1910.1047(k)(3))
Under this provision, employers must establish and maintain a record of each medical examination. As noted in the analysis conducted above under “Information provided to the physician,” the 635 facilities covered by the Standard administer a total of 22,024 medical examinations to exposed workers each year. OSHA estimates that a secretary will require 5 minutes (.08 hour) to establish, maintain, and update each of these records.
Table 11 Recordkeeping - Medical Records Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
||||||||
Medical Records |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Medical Plants Per Plant |
Frequency Per Year |
Number of Responses |
(Review/Update Time) |
Burden Hours |
Professional Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
Medical Records |
1,869 |
22,024 Total Medical Exams/ 1,869 Facilities |
1 |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
Availability (§ 1910.1047(k)(4))19
Employers must provide, on request, objective data, worker exposure-monitoring records, and written compliance programs to affected workers, former workers, and designated worker representatives, as well as a worker’s medical surveillance records to the worker and to anyone having the worker’s specific written consent.
The Agency assumes that 10% including designated worker representatives, will request access to exposure-monitoring and medical-surveillance records, or written compliance programs, each year. OSHA estimates that it will take a secretary 5 minutes (.08 hour) to make these records available to the workers and their designated worker representatives.
|
Table 12 Records Access Burden Hour and Cost Estimates |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
Availability |
No. of Facilities |
Number of Employees per Plant x Turnover(25.7) |
Percent Request Access |
Frequency |
Number of Responses |
(Medical Exam Time) |
Burden Hours |
Employee Wage Rate |
Cost Per Requirement |
|
|
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |
(e)=(b)*(c)*(d) |
(f) |
(g)=(e)*(f), Rounded |
(h) |
(i)=(g)*(h), Rounded |
|
|
EtO Producers |
14 |
111.873 |
0.10 |
1 |
157 |
0.08 |
13 |
$25.45 |
$331 |
|
|
EtO Ethoxylators |
99 |
75.42 |
0.10 |
1 |
747 |
0.08 |
60 |
$25.45 |
$1,527 |
|
|
Hospitals Using EtO Sterilizers |
1,688 |
15.084 |
0.10 |
1 |
2,546 |
0.08 |
204 |
$25.45 |
$5,192 |
|
|
Medical-Product Manufacturers |
57 |
23.883 |
0.10 |
1 |
136 |
0.08 |
11 |
$25.45 |
$280 |
|
|
Contract Sterilizers |
11 |
23.883 |
0.10 |
|
26 |
0.08 |
2 |
$25.45 |
$0 |
|
|
Totals |
1869 |
|
|
|
3,612 |
|
290 |
|
$7,381 |
|
|
Table 13 |
|||||||
Summary of Burden Hours and Costs |
|||||||
Collection of Information (Type) |
No. of Respondents |
No. of responses Per Respondent |
Total No. of Responses |
Average Burden per Response |
Burden Hours |
Mean wage rate |
Total Burden Cost |
|
a |
b |
a x b=c |
d |
c x d=e |
f |
e x f=g |
Periodic Exposure Monitoring (Table 2) (Third-party*) |
635 |
3,883 (total number of samples)/635 |
3,883 |
0.17 |
660 |
$43.25 |
$28,546 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee Exposure Notification (Table 3) (Third-party) |
523 |
1,195 (total number of notifications)/523 |
1,195 |
0.08 |
96 |
$25.45 |
$2,443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Written Compliance Plan (Table 4) (Third-party) |
280 |
1 |
280 |
1 |
280 |
$43.25 |
$12,110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Initial Employee Medical Exam (Table 5) (Third-party) |
170 |
186 (employees receiving medical exams)/170 |
186 |
2 |
372 |
$36.97 |
$13,753 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Periodic Employee Medical Exams Hospitals (Table 6) (Third-party) |
1,688 |
15,192(employees receiving medical exams)/1,688 |
15,192 |
0.5 |
7,596 |
$36.97 |
$280,824 |
Periodic Employee Medical Exams Other Sectors (Table 6) (Third-party) |
181 |
6358.5(employees receiving medical exams/181 |
6,359 |
2 |
12,718 |
$36.97 |
$470,184 |
Totals Table 6 |
|
|
21,551 |
|
20,314 |
|
$751,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Medical Examinations Hospitals (Table 7) (Third-party) |
1,688 |
0.12 |
202.6 |
0.5 |
101 |
$36.97 |
$3,734 |
Additional Medical Examinations Other sectors (Table 7) (Third-party) |
181 |
0.46839779 |
85 |
2 |
170 |
$36.97 |
$6,285 |
Totals Table 7 |
1,869 |
|
287 |
|
271 |
|
$10,019 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information Provided to the Physician (Table 8) (Third-party) |
1,869 |
22,024 Medical Exams /1869 |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physician's Written Opinion (Table 9) (Third-party) |
1,869 |
22,024 Medical Exams /1869 |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recordkeeping - Exposure Monitoring (Table 10) (Recordkeeping) |
635 |
3,883/635 |
3,883 |
0.08 |
311 |
$25.45 |
$7,914 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recordkeeping - Employee Medical Records (Table 11) (Recordkeeping) |
1,869 |
22,024 Total Medical Exams/ 1,869 Facilities |
22,024 |
0.08 |
1,762 |
$25.45 |
$44,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Availability (Table 12) (Third-party) |
1869 |
3,612 requests/1869 |
3,612 |
0.08 |
290 |
$25.45 |
$7,381 |
Totals |
1,869** |
|
100,952*** |
|
27,880 |
|
$967,698 |
*Third party refers to Third party disclosure.
Due to rounding, items in red may not reflect the calculation in this table. These totals correspond to the more detailed calculations provided in the corresponding table in the narrative. |
|||||||
** This is the total number of respondents, not the sum of respondents per equation.
*** Of the 27,880 hours, 1,787 hours are recordkeeping and 26,093 are third-party disclosure. |
|||||||
13. Provide an estimate for the total annual cost burden to respondents or recordkeepers resulting from the collection of information. (Do not include the cost of any hour burden shown in Items 12 and 14.)
The cost estimate should be split into two components: (a) a total capital and start-up cost component annualized over its expected useful life) and (b) a total operation and maintenance and purchase of service component. The estimates should take into account costs associated with generating, maintaining, and disclosing or providing the information. Include descriptions of methods used to estimate major cost factors including system and technology acquisition, expected useful life of capital equipment, the discount rate(s), and the time period over which costs will be incurred. Capital and start-up costs include, among other items, preparations for collecting information such as purchasing computers and software; monitoring, sampling, drilling and testing equipment; and record storage facilities.
If cost estimates are expected to vary widely, agencies should present ranges of cost burdens and explain the reasons for the variance. The cost of purchasing or contracting out information collection services should be a part of this cost burden estimate. In developing cost burden estimates, agencies may consult with a sample of respondent (fewer than 10), utilize the 60-day pre-OMB submission public comment process and use existing economic or regulatory impact analysis associated with the rulemaking containing the information collection, as appropriate.
Generally, estimates should not include purchases of equipment or services, or portions thereof, made: (1) prior to October 1, 1995, (2) to achieve regulatory compliance with requirements not associated with the information collection, (3) for reasons other than to provide information or keep records for the government, or (4) as part of customary and usual business or private practices.
Exposure Monitoring
The Agency estimated a cost of $6820 per sample to collect and analyze airborne EtO samples. The determinations made under “Exposure monitoring” above indicate that employers collect 3,883 EtO samples each year. (3,883 x $68 = $264,044).
Medical Surveillance
Consistent with recent ICRs and RIAs for other standards, the Agency estimates that each medical examination costs $181.21 According to the analysis conducted above under “Information provided to the physician,” the 1,869 facilities covered by the Standard administer a total of 22,024 medical examinations each year. (22,024 x $181 = $3,986,344).
Table 14 Total Annual Cost Burden to Respondents |
|||||
Collection of Information |
No. of Respondents |
No. of responses Per Respondent |
Total No. of Responses |
Cost Per Sample/Exam |
Total Cost |
Periodic Exposure Monitoring |
635 |
3,883 (total number of samples)/635 |
3,883 |
$68.00 |
$264,044 |
Employee Medical Exam |
1,869 |
22,024 Medical Exams /1,869 |
22,024 |
$181 |
$3,986,344 |
Total Costs |
|
|
|
|
$4,250,388 |
14. Provide estimates of the annualized cost to the Federal Government. Also, provide a description of the method used to estimate cost, which should include quantification of hours, operational expenses (such as equipment, overhead, printing, and support staff), and any other expense that would not have been incurred without this collection of information. Agencies may also aggregate cost estimates from Items 12, 13, and 14 into a single table.
Usually, OSHA requests access to records during an inspection. Information collected by the Agency during the investigation is not subject to the PRA under 5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2). Therefore, OSHA takes no burden or cost in Item 14 of this Supporting Statement.
15. Explain the reasons for any program changes or adjustments.
As part of the SIP-IV rulemaking, OSHA removed the requirement that employers document employees’ social security numbers (SSN) in their exposure and medical records. Time to document SSN in records is negligible, and, therefore, the Agency is not requesting any changes in the burden hour or cost estimates as a result.
Table 15
Summary Changes to Burden Hours and Wage/Hour Cost Estimates
Collection of Information |
Current Burden Hours |
Requested Burden Hours |
Change |
Estimated Cost |
Exposure monitoring |
|
|
|
|
Initial monitoring |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Periodic and additional monitoring |
660 |
660 |
0 |
$28,546 |
Employee notification of monitoring Results |
96 |
96 |
0 |
$2,443 |
Compliance program |
280 |
280 |
0 |
$12,110 |
Respirator program |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Emergency situations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Medical surveillance |
|
|
|
|
General requirements and medical examinations and consultations |
20,957 |
20,957 |
0 |
$774,781 |
Information provided to the physician |
1,762 |
1,762 |
0 |
$44,841 |
Physician’s written opinion |
1,762 |
1,762 |
0 |
$44,841 |
Communication of EtO hazards to employees |
|
|
|
|
Signs and labels |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0
|
Material safety and data sheets |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Information and training |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Recordkeeping |
|
|
|
|
Objective data for exempted operations |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Exposure measurements |
311 |
311 |
0 |
$7,914 |
Medical records |
1,762 |
1,762 |
0 |
$44,841 |
Availability |
290 |
290 |
0 |
$7,381 |
Transfer of records |
0 |
0 |
0 |
$0 |
Totals |
27,880 |
27,880 |
0 |
$967,698 |
Medical Examination burden hours equals 372 initial + 20,314 periodic + 271 additional = 20,957 hours. Wage hour costs = $13,752 initial + $751,009 periodic +$10,019 additional = $774,781
16. For collections of information whose results will be published, outline plans for tabulation, and publication. Address any complex analytical techniques that will be used. Provide the time schedule for the entire project, including beginning and ending dates of the collection of information, completion of report, publication dates, and other actions.
OSHA will not publish the information collected under the Standard.
17. If seeking approval to not display the expiration date for OMB approval of the information collection, explain the reasons that display would be inappropriate.
OSHA lists current valid control numbers in §§ 1910.8, 1915.8, 1917.4, 1918.4, and 1926.5 and publishes the expiration date in the Federal Register notice announcing OMB approval of the information-collection requirement (see 5 CFR 1320.3(f)(3)). OSHA believes that this is the most appropriate and accurate mechanism to inform interested parties of these expiration dates.
18. Explain each exception to the certification statement.
OSHA is not seeking an exception to the certification statement.
B. COLLECTION OF INFORMATION EMPLOYING STATISTICAL METHODS
The supporting statement does not contain any collection of information requirements that employ statistical methods.
1 The purpose of this supporting statement is to analyze and describe the burden hours and costs associated with provisions of the Standard that contain paperwork requirements, and does not provide information or guidance on how to comply with or to enforce the Standard.
2 The Construction and Shipyard Employment EtO Standards (29 CFR 1926.1147 and 29 CFR 1915.1047, respectively) incorporate 29 CFR 1910.1047 by reference.
3 As discussed above regarding § 1910.1047(f)(2)(iii), OSHA has determined that the requirement for employers to make information available upon request to the Assistant Secretary is also not a collection of information; OSHA typically requests access to records during an inspection, and information collected by the Agency during the investigation is not subject to the PRA under 5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2). While NIOSH may use records collected from employers for research purposes, the Agency does not anticipate NIOSH to request employers to make available records during the approval period. Therefore, the burden for the employer to make this information available to NIOSH is zero.
4"Regulatory Review of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Ethylene Oxide Standard," [29 CFR 1910.1047], OSHA, March 2005.
5IHS Chemical. (2016). Chemical Economics Handbook - Ethylene Oxide. See the table entitled “US producers of ethylene oxide” on pg. 40, which lists 13 operational facilities for the year 2015. In addition, a note on pg. 39 indicates that an additional facility was expected to be operational in May 2016.
? The SIC codes for ethoxylators in OSHA's (2005) Regulatory Review of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047), SIC 2843, SIC 2869, were converted to NAICS to obtain the number of establishments in the U.S. Census's County Business Patterns for the years 2000 and 2014. The ratio of the number of ethoxylators in the OSHA (2005) Regulatory Review document (64) to the total number of establishments in the Census County Business Patterns data for the relevant SIC codes in the year 2000 (2,242) was multiplied by the total number of number of establishments in 2014 (3,482) to update the estimate number of ethoxylators.
7 According to the American Hospital Association's (2016) Fast Facts on U.S. Hospitals, there were 5,627 hospitals in the U.S. in 2016. We estimate that 30 percent of these hospitals conduct EtO sterilization based on EPA's (2007) National Emission Standards for Hospital Ethylene Oxide Sterilizers Proposed Rule (71 FR 64907). In that rule, EPA estimated that there were 5,800 hospitals in 2002, and used permits and inventory data to estimate that 1,600 to 1,900 of these were confirmed to conduct EtO sterilization. Taking the midpoint of this range (1,750) and rounding to zero decimal places, 30 percent of the 5,800 hospitals conduct EtO sterilization. We thus multiply the number of hospitals by 30 percent to obtain the estimate of 1,688 shown here (5,627 30 percent = 1,688).
? OSHA's (2005) Regulatory Review of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047) used a background information document for EPA's (1994) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Ethylene Oxide Commercial Sterilization and Fumigation Operations. That document estimated there were a total of 187 affected facilities, including 86 medical-product manufacturers. EPA's (2016) Information Collection Request for this rule (ICR Number 201606-2060-010) estimated a total of 125 commercial ethylene oxide sterilization and fumigation facilities, but did not include a breakdown of facilities by type. OSHA thus updated the estimate of 86 medical-product manufacturers using the ratio of total commercial ethylene oxide sterilization and fumigation facilities in the 2005 Regulatory Review document (187) to the number in the 2016 ICR (125), resulting in a total of 57 medical-products manufacturers ([125
? OSHA's (2005) Regulatory Review of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Ethylene Oxide Standard (29 CFR 1910.1047) used a background information document for EPA's (1994) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Ethylene Oxide Commercial Sterilization and Fumigation Operations. That document estimated there were a total of 187 affected facilities, including 16 contract sterilizers. EPA's (2016) Information Collection Request for this rule (ICR Number 201606-2060-010) estimated a total of 125 commercial ethylene oxide sterilization and fumigation facilities, but did not include a breakdown of facilities by type. OSHA thus updated the estimate of 16 contract sterilizers using the ratio of total commercial ethylene oxide sterilization and fumigation facilities in the 2005 Regulatory Review document (187) to the number in the 2016 ICR (125), resulting in a total of 11 contract sterilizers ([125 187] 16).
?As stated in Table23, each facility collects 6 samples in determining ELs. In addition, OSHA assumes that employee exposures above the EL occur only in facilities that have EtO concentrations at or above the AL.
15Sum of total exposed employees multiplied by turnover rate multiplied by one minus the pre-standard compliance rate from each row of Table 5.
16Sum of total exposed employees multiplied by one minus the pre-standard compliance rate from each row of Table 6.
171% of total exposed employees from Table 7.
18The total number of exposure monitoring records is based on the total number of samples taken by employers (see Table 2).
19 The Agency has determined that the requirement for employers to make records available upon request to the Assistant Secretary is no longer considered a collection of information. OSHA typically requests access to records during an inspection, and information collected by the Agency during the investigation is not subject to the PRA under 5 CFR 1320.4(a)(2).
20 The Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicated an 11.2% increase in the price of professional medical services from March 2011 to 2014; the cost of an exposure monitoring sample was assumed to have increased by 11.2% as well, from $61 to $68.
21 The Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicated an 11.2% increase in the price of professional medical services from March 2011 to 2014; the cost of a medical examination was assumed to have increased by 11.2% as from $163 to $181.
| File Type | application/msword |
| File Title | SUPPORTING STATEMENT FOR THE |
| Author | OSHA-USER |
| Last Modified By | SYSTEM |
| File Modified | 2019-05-08 |
| File Created | 2019-05-08 |