Attachment C - News Release from May 2012 Survey

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, April 24, 2013

USDL-13-0729

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT, TYPES OF ASSISTANCE,
AND OTHER LABOR-RELATED ISSUES — MAY 2012
In May 2012, half of all persons with a disability who were not working reported some type of barrier to
employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lack of education or training, lack of
transportation, the need for special features at the job, and a person's own disability were among the
barriers reported. Among persons with a disability who were employed, over half had some difficulty
completing their work duties because of their disability.
These findings were obtained from a supplement to the May 2012 Current Population Survey (CPS).
The supplement was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment
Policy. The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000 households that obtains information on national
employment and unemployment for the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over, including
information on persons with a disability. The May 2012 supplement collected information about barriers
to employment, prior work experience, career and financial assistance, requested changes to the
workplace, and related topics for persons with a disability. For more information, see the Technical
Note.
Selected Characteristics of Persons with a Disability
In May 2012, about 28.3 million men and women in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and
over had a disability. Persons with a disability tend to be older than those with no disability, reflecting
the increased incidence of disability with age. In May 2012, 45.4 percent of persons with a disability
were age 65 and over, compared with 13.4 percent of those with no disability. Women were somewhat
more likely to have a disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. In
terms of educational attainment, 15.1 percent of persons age 25 and over with a disability had a
bachelor's degree or higher, compared with 33.4 percent for persons with no disability. (See table 1.)
About 18.2 percent of persons with a disability were employed in May 2012, well below the employment-population ratio of 64.3 percent for persons with no disability. In part, this reflects the older age
profile of the group of persons with a disability. However, the employment-population ratio was much
lower among persons with a disability for all age groups.
Barriers to Employment
Half of those with a disability who were not employed in May 2012 (that is, persons who were either
unemployed or not in the labor force) reported at least one barrier to employment. When asked to

identify barriers they had encountered, most reported that their own disability was a barrier to
employment (80.5 percent). Other barriers cited included lack of education or training (14.1 percent),
lack of transportation (11.7 percent), and the need for special features at the job (10.3 percent). (See
tables 2 and 3.)
A greater proportion of persons ages 16 to 64 reported a barrier to employment than those age 65 and
over (70.8 percent and 29.8 percent, respectively), perhaps reflecting the fact that older workers are, in
general, less likely to participate in the labor force. Among persons with a disability age 25 and over,
38.6 percent of persons with a college degree who were not employed reported a barrier to employment,
compared with 52.9 percent of those with less than a high school diploma.
Prior Work Experience
Among persons with a disability who were not in the labor force in May 2012 (that is, neither employed
nor unemployed), 87.7 percent had worked before. This proportion was essentially the same for both
men and women. A person's disability status was established at the time of the survey; their previous
work experience may have occurred at a time when they did not have a disability. (See table 4.)
The proportion of persons with a disability who were not in the labor force but had prior work
experience increased with age. For example, 21.1 percent of 16- to 24-year-olds had worked before,
compared with 96.9 percent of those age 65 and over.
Individuals with a disability who had higher levels of educational attainment were more likely to have
had work experience. About 96.9 percent of those age 25 and over with a college degree had worked
before, compared with 84.7 percent of those with less than a high school diploma.
Career Assistance Programs
In May 2012, 7.4 percent of persons with a disability reported using some type of career assistance
program within the past 5 years to help them prepare for work or advance on the job. Career assistance
programs include Vocational Rehabilitation Centers, One-Stop Career Centers, and similar programs.
(See table 5.)
Persons with a disability who were unemployed (that is, actively looking for work) at the time of the
survey were more likely than those who were employed or not in the labor force to have used some type
of career assistance. About 26.7 percent of persons with a disability who were looking for work in May
2012 reported using a career assistance program, compared with 11.1 percent of employed persons with
a disability and 5.9 percent of those not in the labor force.
Persons with a disability ages 16 to 64 were more likely to have used a career assistance program than
those age 65 and over (12.0 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively).
Financial Assistance Programs
About 58.4 percent of persons with a disability received financial assistance within the past year from
one or more of the following sources: Workers Compensation, Social Security Disability Income,
Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability compensation, disability insurance payments,
Medicaid, Medicare, and other payments or programs. (See table 6.)
‐ 2 ‐ 

Among persons with a disability, those who were employed were least likely to have received some
type of financial assistance within the past year (23.9 percent). About 39.8 percent of persons with a
disability who were unemployed received assistance from at least one of the financial assistance
programs listed above, compared with 67.0 percent for those not in the labor force. (Differences in use
of financial assistance among those with a disability reflect a variety of factors such as age, work
history, or program eligibility requirements.)
Some financial assistance programs include work limitations in order to establish or maintain program
eligibility. The large majority (92.5 percent) of those who received financial assistance within the past
year reported that the program(s) they used did not cause them to work less than they otherwise would
have.
Difficulty Completing Work Duties
In May 2012, just over half of employed persons with a disability reported that their disability caused
difficulty in completing their current work duties. About 27.8 percent reported a little difficulty in
completing work duties, 21.1 percent reported moderate difficulty, and 7.0 percent reported severe
difficulty. About 44.1 percent of employed persons with a disability had no difficulty completing their
current work duties. (See table 7.)
Among employed persons with a disability, those age 65 and over were less likely to report that they had
some difficulty completing their work duties than were those ages 16 to 64—46.8 percent versus 57.6
percent. Men and women were about equally likely to report difficulty completing work duties due to
their disability.
Requesting Changes in the Workplace
Employed persons with a disability were more likely to have requested a change in their current
workplace to do their job better than were those with no disability (12.5 percent and 8.4 percent,
respectively). Such changes included new or modified equipment; physical changes to the workplace;
policy changes to the workplace; changes in work tasks, job structure, or schedule; changes in
communication or information sharing; changes to comply with religious beliefs; accommodations for
family or personal obligations; training; or other changes. Among workers with a disability, 14.1 percent
of those ages 16 to 64 had requested a change in their current work place, compared with 3.6 percent of
those age 65 and over. (See table 8.)
Regardless of disability status, requests for changes to work tasks, job structure, or schedule were most
common, followed by requests for new or modified equipment. (See table 9.)
Persons with a disability who asked for a change in their current workplace were more likely to have
requested physical changes to the workplace than were those with no disability. In contrast, training,
policy changes, or changes in communication or information sharing were more commonly requested by
employed persons with no disability.
Commute
About 74.6 percent of persons with a disability used their own vehicle for their commute to work. Other
commuting methods used much less often by persons with a disability included riding in a friend or
‐ 3 ‐ 

family member's car, taking a bus, walking, and taking the train or subway. Commuting methods among
persons with no disability followed a very similar pattern. (See table 10.)
Work at Home
In May 2012, about 24.5 percent of employed persons with a disability did some work at home as part of
their job, compared with 20.2 percent of those with no disability. Older workers (age 65 and over) with a
disability were more likely to work at home than those ages 16 to 64, while men and women with a
disability were equally likely to work at home. (See table 11.)
Persons with a disability who had higher educational attainment were more likely to work at home. For
example, among persons with a disability age 25 and over, college graduates were more than 3 times as
likely to work at home than those without a high school diploma (48.9 percent and 14.8 percent,
respectively).
Flexible Work Hours
Employed persons with a disability were more likely than those with no disability to have flexible work
schedules in May 2012 (42.2 percent and 35.0 percent, respectively). These workers reported that they
had flexible work hours that allowed them to vary the time they began or ended work. (See table 12.)
Over half (57.3 percent) of workers with a disability age 65 and over had flexible work schedules,
compared with 39.4 percent of those between 16 and 64 years of age. Men and women with disabilities
were about equally likely to have flexible work hours.
Regardless of disability status, the likelihood of having a flexible work schedule was higher for college
graduates than for persons with less education.
Temporary Jobs
In May 2012, about 5.8 percent of employed persons with a disability held jobs that were temporary,
compared with 4.4 percent of those with no disability. These workers expected their job to last only for a
limited time or until the completion of a project. (See table 13.)
For both persons with and without a disability, the likelihood of holding a temporary job was highest
among persons who had not completed high school.

‐ 4 ‐ 

Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through a
supplement to the May 2012 Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a
monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households that
provides information on the labor force status,
demographics, and other characteristics of the nation's
civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The
May 2012 supplement was designed to gather data in
several specific areas related to the employment situation of
persons with disabilities. The collection of these data was
sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of
Disability Employment Policy.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200, Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions and concepts from the monthly CPS
Disability status. The monthly CPS uses a set of six
questions to identify persons with disabilities. In the CPS,
persons are classified as having a disability if there is a
response of "yes" to any of these questions. Persons who
respond "no" to all of these questions are classified as
having no disability. The disability questions are as follows.
This month we want to learn about people who have
physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause
serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please
answer for household members who are 15 years old or
over.




Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious
difficulty hearing?
Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious
difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?
Because of a physical, mental, or emotional
condition, does anyone have serious difficulty
concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?



Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or
climbing stairs?



Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing?



Because of a physical, mental, or emotional
condition, does anyone have difficulty doing
errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping?

The CPS questions for identifying individuals with
disabilities are only asked of household members who are
age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask the respondent

whether anyone in the household has the condition
described, and if the respondent replies "yes," they are then
asked to identify everyone in the household who has the
condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are tabulated
for persons age 16 and older. More information on the
disability questions and the merits and limitations of the
CPS disability data is available on the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.
Labor force status. Employed persons are all those who,
during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as
paid employees; (b) worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or
more as unpaid workers in a family member’s business.
Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, vacation, labor dispute, or another reason
also are counted as employed.
Unemployed persons are those who had no
employment during the reference week, were available for
work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed.
Unemployment rate represents the number of
unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed.
Not employed includes persons who were unemployed
or not in the labor force.
Additional information on the concepts and
methodology of the CPS is available on the Internet at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Selected questions and concepts from the May 2012
supplement
Barriers to employment. This information was obtained
from responses to a question asked of persons with a
disability who were not employed (that is, either
unemployed or not in the labor force). Respondents were
classified as having a barrier to employment if they
answered "yes" to one or more of the response options in
the following question.
The purpose of this next question is to identify
barriers to employment faced by persons with
difficulties. Do you consider any of the following a
barrier to employment for you?
1. Lack of education or training
2. Lack of job counseling
3. Lack of transportation
4. Loss of government assistance

5.
6.
7.

8.

Need for special features at the job
Employer or coworker attitudes
Your difficulty (hearing/seeing/concentrating,
remembering, or making decisions/walking or
climbing stairs/dressing or bathing/doing
errands alone)
Other

Prior work experience. This information was obtained
from answers to the following question, which was asked of
persons with a disability who were not employed and had
not already reported working before.
Have you ever worked for pay at a job or business?
1. Yes
2. No

Career assistance. Persons with a disability were asked the
following question to determine whether they had received
certain types of career assistance. Individuals could give
multiple responses.
The purpose of this next question is to find out if you
have taken advantage of any of the following sources
that help people prepare for work or advance on the
job. In the past 5 years, have you received assistance
from:
1. Vocational Rehabilitation Centers
2. One-Stop Career Centers
3. Ticket to Work program
4. Assistive Technology Act program
5. Center for Independent Living for individuals
with disabilities
6. Client Assistance Program
7. Any other employment assistance program

Financial assistance. This information was obtained from
responses to two questions. All persons were asked the
following question and could give multiple responses.
There are a variety of programs designed to provide
financial assistance to people. In the past year did you
receive assistance from any of the following
programs?
1. Workers’ Compensation
2. Social Security Disability Income
3. Supplemental Security Income
4. Veterans Disability Compensation
5. Disability insurance payments
6. Other disability payments
7. Medicaid
8. Medicare
9. Other program

The following question was asked only of persons
who indicated in the above question that they received
assistance from one or more programs.
Some financial assistance programs include
limitations on the amount of work you can do. Did
this program cause you to work less than you would
otherwise?
1. Yes
2. No

Level of disability-related difficulty in completing work
duties. This information was obtained from answers to the
following question, which was asked of employed persons
with a disability.
Previously, you mentioned that you had difficulty
(hearing/seeing/concentrating,
remembering,
or
making decisions/walking or climbing stairs/dressing
or bathing/doing errands alone). How has this
difficulty affected your ability to complete current
work duties? Would you say this has caused no
difficulty, a little difficulty, moderate difficulty, or
severe difficulty?
1. No difficulty
2. A little difficulty
3. Moderate difficulty
4. Severe difficulty

Requested changes in the current workplace. This
information was obtained from answers to two questions.
The first, asked of all employed persons, was as follows.
Have you ever requested any change in your current
workplace to help you do your job better? For
example, changes in work policies, equipment, or
schedules.
1. Yes
2. No
The following question was asked only of persons
who responded "yes" to the above question. Individuals
could identify multiple changes.
What changes did you request?
1. New or modified equipment
2. Physical changes to the workplace
3. Policy changes to the workplace
4. Changes in work tasks, job structure, or
schedule
5. Changes in communication or information
sharing
6. Changes to comply with religious beliefs

7.
8.
9.

Accommodations for family or personal
obligations
Training
Other changes

Typical commute to work. This information was obtained
from responses to the following question, which was asked
of all employed persons. Individuals could identify multiple
commuting methods.
How do you typically commute to work?
1. Bus
2. Specialized bus or van service for people with
disabilities
3. Train/subway
4. Taxi
5. Own vehicle
6. Passenger in a friend or family member’s car
7. Carpool
8. Bicycle
9. Walk
10. Other
11. Work from home

Work at home. This information was obtained from two
questions. First, persons who answered "work from home"
to the question regarding their typical commute to work
were included among those who work at home. In addition,
the following question was asked of all remaining
employed persons.
Do you do any work at home for your job or business?
1. Yes
2. No

Flexible work hours. All employed persons were asked the
following question to determine whether they have flexible
work hours at their current job.
Do you have flexible work hours that allow you to
vary or make changes in the time you begin and end

work?
1. Yes
2. No

Temporary jobs. All employed persons were asked the
following question to determine if their jobs were
temporary.
Some people are in temporary jobs that last only for a
limited time or until the completion of a project. Is
your job temporary?
1. Yes
2. No

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather
than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this
difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is
known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
The monthly CPS data also are affected by
nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made
in the collection or processing of the data.
Additional information on the reliability of data from
the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected
characteristics, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age
16 to 64 years............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age
16 to 64 years............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Participation
rate

Total

Percent of
population

Total

Rate

Not in
labor
force

242,966
117,177
125,788

156,024
82,977
73,048

64.2
70.8
58.1

143,144
75,931
67,212

58.9
64.8
53.4

12,881
7,046
5,835

8.3
8.5
8.0

86,941
34,200
52,741

28,308
12,790
15,518

5,919
3,184
2,735

20.9
24.9
17.6

5,162
2,775
2,387

18.2
21.7
15.4

758
409
348

12.8
12.9
12.7

22,389
9,606
12,783

15,445
1,429
1,670
2,117
4,246
5,984
12,863

5,030
467
715
816
1,347
1,685
889

32.6
32.7
42.8
38.5
31.7
28.2
6.9

4,350
333
599
682
1,202
1,533
812

28.2
23.3
35.9
32.2
28.3
25.6
6.3

680
135
116
133
145
151
77

13.5
28.8
16.2
16.3
10.8
9.0
8.7

10,415
962
955
1,301
2,898
4,299
11,974

26,879
6,411
9,659
6,742
4,068

5,452
674
1,793
1,756
1,229

20.3
10.5
18.6
26.1
30.2

4,829
576
1,564
1,547
1,142

18.0
9.0
16.2
22.9
28.1

623
98
229
209
87

11.4
14.5
12.8
11.9
7.1

21,427
5,737
7,866
4,986
2,838

214,657
104,387
110,270

150,105
79,793
70,313

69.9
76.4
63.8

137,982
73,156
64,826

64.3
70.1
58.8

12,123
6,636
5,487

8.1
8.3
7.8

64,552
24,595
39,957

185,902
37,355
39,241
37,528
39,547
32,232
28,755

143,610
20,904
33,042
32,208
34,294
23,162
6,495

77.3
56.0
84.2
85.8
86.7
71.9
22.6

131,930
17,393
30,367
30,175
32,225
21,769
6,052

71.0
46.6
77.4
80.4
81.5
67.5
21.0

11,679
3,511
2,675
2,033
2,068
1,392
444

8.1
16.8
8.1
6.3
6.0
6.0
6.8

42,292
16,451
6,198
5,319
5,254
9,070
22,260

177,302
19,377
51,365
47,407
59,154

129,201
11,119
35,033
35,513
47,536

72.9
57.4
68.2
74.9
80.4

120,588
9,693
32,243
32,851
45,801

68.0
50.0
62.8
69.3
77.4

8,613
1,425
2,790
2,663
1,735

6.7
12.8
8.0
7.5
3.6

48,101
8,258
16,332
11,893
11,617

Employed

Unemployed

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: These estimates, which come from a special supplemental survey, may differ slightly from previously published estimates for May 2012 that come
from the regular monthly labor force survey.

Table 2. Persons with a disability who were not employed by age, sex, educational attainment, prior work
experience, and barrier to employment, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

Not employed1

Percent distribution

Total

Barrier

No barrier

Total

Barrier

No barrier

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,147
11,095
12,051

11,451
7,860
3,591

11,296
3,000
8,296

100.0
100.0
100.0

49.5
70.8
29.8

48.8
27.0
68.8

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,015
13,131

5,127
6,324

4,723
6,573

100.0
100.0

51.2
48.2

47.2
50.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,050
5,835
8,094
5,195
2,926

10,731
3,086
3,803
2,712
1,130

10,928
2,648
4,144
2,382
1,754

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48.7
52.9
47.0
52.2
38.6

49.6
45.4
51.2
45.9
59.9

Never worked4 ......................................................... .

2,820

1,782

986

100.0

63.2

35.0

1 Persons who are not employed include both the unemployed and those not in the labor force (neither working nor looking for work). Employed persons
were not asked about barriers to employment.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 This estimate represents all persons with a disability who have never worked. It includes both unemployed persons and persons not in the labor force.
NOTE: Persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment. Data may not sum to total because some persons did not
respond to the question identifying barriers to employment. Barriers to employment include: lack of education or training, lack of job counseling, lack of
transportation, loss of government assistance, need for special features at the job, employer or coworker attitudes, own disability, and other.

Table 3. Persons with a disability who were not employed by age, sex, educational attainment, prior work
experience, and type of barrier to employment, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Total not
employed
Lack of
Lack of
with a
job
barrier to education
counselor
employing
training
ment1

Percent of total by type of barrier
Lack of
transportation

Loss of
government
assistance

Need for Employer
special
or
Own
features coworker disability
at
attitudes
the job

Other

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,451
7,860
3,591

14.1
16.5
8.6

5.7
7.0
2.6

11.7
14.3
5.9

4.2
5.0
2.6

10.3
12.3
5.9

7.9
9.7
4.1

80.5
83.5
74.1

18.0
15.1
24.4

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,127
6,324

14.6
13.6

6.7
4.8

11.5
11.8

4.3
4.2

9.9
10.7

7.7
8.1

81.9
79.5

16.7
19.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,731
3,086
3,803
2,712
1,130

12.9
23.5
9.0
10.3
3.3

5.2
7.4
4.1
5.3
2.5

10.4
11.9
9.0
11.3
8.8

4.3
4.9
3.1
5.8
2.6

9.9
9.2
8.3
12.5
11.0

7.5
6.2
6.4
10.5
7.7

80.8
80.4
81.9
80.4
79.5

18.2
19.1
17.5
16.7
21.6

Never worked4 ....................................... .

1,782

19.2

8.0

14.1

3.2

8.0

4.9

75.5

20.5

1 Persons who are not employed include both the unemployed and those not in the labor force (neither working nor looking for work). Employed persons
were not asked about barriers to employment.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 This estimate represents all persons with a disability who have never worked. It includes both unemployed persons and persons not in the labor force.
NOTE: Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment.

Table 4. Persons with a disability who were not in the labor force by sex, age, educational attainment, and
prior work experience, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Not in the labor force
Characteristic

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men.................................................................... .
Women................................................................ .
Age
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over...................................................... .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent distribution

Total

Previously
worked

Never
worked1

Total

Previously
worked

Never
worked1

22,389
9,606
12,783

19,631
8,390
11,241

2,758
1,216
1,542

100.0
100.0
100.0

87.7
87.3
87.9

12.3
12.7
12.1

10,415
962
955
1,301
2,898
4,299
11,974

8,029
203
612
1,034
2,364
3,816
11,602

2,387
759
342
267
534
484
371

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

77.1
21.1
64.1
79.5
81.6
88.8
96.9

22.9
78.9
35.9
20.5
18.4
11.2
3.1

21,427
5,737
7,866
4,986
2,838

19,428
4,862
7,112
4,703
2,751

1,999
875
754
283
87

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

90.7
84.7
90.4
94.3
96.9

9.3
15.3
9.6
5.7
3.1

1 This estimate does not represent all persons with a disability who have never worked. It excludes a small number of unemployed persons who have never
worked before.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

Table 5. Persons with a disability who received career assistance in the past 5 years by current employment
status, prior work experience, and age, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Received career assistance1
Persons
with a
disability

Number

Percent of
persons
with a
disability

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in the labor force............................................................................... .
Previously worked................................................................................ .
Never worked2 ................................................................................... .

28,308
5,162
758
22,389
19,631
2,758

2,104
575
202
1,327
1,145
182

7.4
11.1
26.7
5.9
5.8
6.6

Total, 16 to 64 years...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................... .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in the labor force............................................................................... .
Previously worked................................................................................ .
Never worked2 ................................................................................... .

15,445
4,350
680
10,415
8,029
2,387

1,852
544
193
1,115
935
180

12.0
12.5
28.4
10.7
11.7
7.5

Total, 65 years and over.............................................................................. .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in the labor force............................................................................... .
Previously worked................................................................................ .
Never worked2 ................................................................................... .

12,863
812
77
11,974
11,602
371

252
32
9
212
210
2

2.0
3.9
11.8
1.8
1.8
0.5

Characteristic

1 Career assistance programs include: Vocational Rehabilitation Centers, One-Stop Career Centers, Ticket to Work program, Assistive Technology Act
program, Center for Independent Living for individuals with disabilities, Client Assistance Program, and other.
2 This estimate does not represent all persons with a disability who have never worked. It excludes a small number of unemployed persons who have never
worked before.

Table 6. Persons with a disability who used a financial assistance program in the past year by age,
employment status, usual full- or part-time status, and program limitation on work, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons who used a financial assistance program
Percent of persons who used a
financial assistance program
Characteristic

Total

Total

Percent of
total

Total

Worked
less
because
of
program1

Did not
work less
because
of
program1

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28,308
15,445
12,863

16,537
8,306
8,232

58.4
53.8
64.0

100.0
100.0
100.0

6.2
10.2
2.2

92.5
88.0
97.0

Employed................................................................ .
Usually work full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Usually work part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,162
3,397
1,765
758
22,389

1,235
506
730
302
15,000

23.9
14.9
41.3
39.8
67.0

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

11.9
9.4
13.7
11.5
5.6

87.8
90.6
85.8
87.3
93.0

1 Persons with a disability were able to report more than one financial assistance program, and the report of a limitation could refer to any of the assistance
programs used. Data may not sum to total because some persons did not respond to the question on work limitation.
NOTE: Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours. Financial assistance programs include: Workers’ Compensation, Social
Security Disability Income, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability Compensation, disability insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, and
other payments or programs.

Table 7. Employed persons with a disability by age, sex, and level of disability-related difficulty in completing
current work duties, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Percent of total employed by level of difficulty

Total
employed

Total

No difficulty

A little
difficulty

Moderate
difficulty

Severe
difficulty

5,162
4,350
812
2,775
2,387

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

44.1
42.4
53.2
45.6
42.4

27.8
28.2
26.0
27.5
28.2

21.1
22.2
14.9
19.3
23.1

7.0
7.2
5.9
7.6
6.3

Table 8. Employed persons who requested a change in their current workplace to help them do their job better
by age, sex, and disability status, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Total
employed

Requested a change in current
workplace
Total

Percent
of total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .

143,144
136,280
6,863
75,931
67,212

12,300
11,889
411
6,054
6,247

8.6
8.7
6.0
8.0
9.3

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .

5,162
4,350
812
2,775
2,387

643
614
29
294
349

12.5
14.1
3.6
10.6
14.6

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .

137,982
131,930
6,052
73,156
64,826

11,658
11,275
382
5,760
5,898

8.4
8.5
6.3
7.9
9.1

Table 9. Employed persons who requested a change in their current workplace to help them do their job better
by age, sex, disability status, and type of change requested, May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Percent of total by type of change requested
Total who
Changes
AccommoChanges in
Work
requested a
to
Physical
Policy
dations for
communiNew
or
tasks,
job
change in
comply
changes changes
family or
modified
structure, cation or
current
with
to the
to the
personal
information
or
workplace equipment workplace workplace
religious
obligations
sharing
schedule
beliefs

Training

Other

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . .......................... .
Women...................... . . . .

12,300
11,889
411
6,054
6,247

36.4
36.2
41.7
43.1
29.9

13.6
13.5
16.2
15.2
12.1

22.8
22.8
22.8
24.9
20.8

46.7
46.9
40.0
43.9
49.5

16.0
16.0
15.0
17.6
14.5

1.3
1.3
0.8
1.7
1.0

12.4
12.5
7.2
11.3
13.4

13.6
13.7
9.3
14.5
12.7

10.8
10.6
15.3
10.6
11.0

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . .......................... .
Women..................... . . . . .

643
614
29
294
349

33.0
32.9
–
40.7
26.5

21.4
21.8
–
26.7
16.9

13.0
13.6
–
18.9
8.1

44.9
45.4
–
39.7
49.3

8.9
8.8
–
9.4
8.5

0.9
0.9
–
1.7
0.2

6.5
6.8
–
5.3
7.4

6.6
6.9
–
5.2
7.7

14.3
13.6
–
12.6
15.7

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . .
Men. . . .......................... .
Women..................... . . . . .

11,658
11,275
382
5,760
5,898

36.6
36.4
42.2
43.2
30.1

13.2
13.1
16.5
14.6
11.8

23.3
23.3
24.6
25.2
21.5

46.8
47.0
40.5
44.1
49.5

16.4
16.4
15.2
18.0
14.8

1.4
1.4
0.9
1.7
1.0

12.7
12.9
7.8
11.6
13.8

14.0
14.1
10.1
15.0
13.0

10.6
10.4
14.3
10.5
10.7

NOTE: Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have requested more than one change. Dash indicates no data or
data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employed persons by typical commute to work and disability status, May 2012
[Percent distribution]
Characteristic

Persons with a
disability

Total

Persons with
no disability

Total employed (in thousands)....................................................................... .

143,144

5,162

137,982

Percent of employed persons by commute method
Total employed......................................................................................... .
Bus.................................................................................................... .
Specialized bus or van service for people with disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Train/subway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxi. ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Own vehicle.......................................................................................... .
Passenger in a friend or family member’s car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpool............................................................................................... .
Bicycle................................................................................................ .
Walk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other.................................................................................................. .
Work from home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.0
2.7
0.2
2.5
0.2
83.3
2.9
1.5
0.7
2.6
1.8
3.9

100.0
4.2
2.0
1.5
0.4
74.6
4.8
1.3
0.9
4.1
2.3
6.2

100.0
2.6
0.1
2.5
0.2
83.6
2.8
1.5
0.7
2.5
1.8
3.8

NOTE: The percent using each commuting method may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have reported more than one
method.

Table 11. Employed persons who worked at home by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Worked at home
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143,144
136,280
6,863
75,931
67,212
125,418
10,269
33,807
34,398
46,943

29,135
26,868
2,267
15,504
13,631
28,292
702
3,610
6,087
17,892

20.4
19.7
33.0
20.4
20.3
22.6
6.8
10.7
17.7
38.1

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,162
4,350
812
2,775
2,387
4,829
576
1,564
1,547
1,142

1,265
943
322
699
566
1,239
85
211
385
559

24.5
21.7
39.7
25.2
23.7
25.7
14.8
13.5
24.9
48.9

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

137,982
131,930
6,052
73,156
64,826
120,588
9,693
32,243
32,851
45,801

27,870
25,925
1,945
14,806
13,065
27,053
617
3,400
5,703
17,333

20.2
19.7
32.1
20.2
20.2
22.4
6.4
10.5
17.4
37.8

Characteristic

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Persons who worked at home include those who responded that they work at home when asked about their typical commute and those who
responded yes when asked if they do any work at home for their job or business.

Table 12. Employed persons with flexible work hours by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Flexible work hours
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143,144
136,280
6,863
75,931
67,212
125,418
10,269
33,807
34,398
46,943

50,486
46,950
3,536
27,613
22,873
45,317
2,546
9,750
11,857
21,164

35.3
34.5
51.5
36.4
34.0
36.1
24.8
28.8
34.5
45.1

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,162
4,350
812
2,775
2,387
4,829
576
1,564
1,547
1,142

2,181
1,716
465
1,185
995
2,089
229
572
689
600

42.2
39.4
57.3
42.7
41.7
43.3
39.7
36.6
44.5
52.6

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

137,982
131,930
6,052
73,156
64,826
120,588
9,693
32,243
32,851
45,801

48,306
45,235
3,071
26,428
21,878
43,227
2,317
9,178
11,168
20,564

35.0
34.3
50.7
36.1
33.7
35.8
23.9
28.5
34.0
44.9

Characteristic

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Flexible work hours allow employed persons to vary or make changes in the time they begin and end work.

Table 13. Employed persons with temporary jobs by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
May 2012
[Numbers in thousands]
Temporary job
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143,144
136,280
6,863
75,931
67,212
125,418
10,269
33,807
34,398
46,943

6,312
5,948
365
3,405
2,908
4,549
742
1,063
997
1,747

4.4
4.4
5.3
4.5
4.3
3.6
7.2
3.1
2.9
3.7

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,162
4,350
812
2,775
2,387
4,829
576
1,564
1,547
1,142

297
250
47
164
133
256
55
75
66
60

5.8
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.3
9.5
4.8
4.3
5.3

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over.............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years....................................................................................... .
65 years and over................................................................................... .
Men...................................................................................................... .
Women.................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over.............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college1 .............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

137,982
131,930
6,052
73,156
64,826
120,588
9,693
32,243
32,851
45,801

6,015
5,698
317
3,241
2,775
4,293
687
988
931
1,687

4.4
4.3
5.2
4.4
4.3
3.6
7.1
3.1
2.8
3.7

Characteristic

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: A temporary job is one that lasts only for a limited time or until the completion of a project.