Attachment D - News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 22, 2018

USDL-18-0453

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2017
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time
since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—edged down to 4.5 percent in
2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans declined from
4.3 percent to 3.7 percent in 2017. About 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected
disability in August 2017, compared with 24 percent of all veterans.
This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of
about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment in the United States.
Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2017
annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans'
current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also
presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more
information, see the Technical Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this release.
Highlights from the 2017 data:
•

The unemployment rate for male veterans (3.6 percent) declined over the year, and the rate for
female veterans (4.1 percent) changed little in 2017. The unemployment rate for male veterans
was not statistically different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

•

Among the 370,000 unemployed veterans in 2017, 59 percent were age 25 to 54, 37 percent were
age 55 and over, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

•

Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.3 percent in August
2017, little different from veterans with no disability (4.5 percent). (See table 7.)

•

About 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public sector
in August 2017, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no disability. (See table 8.)

•

In 2017, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 1.7 percent
in Maine and Vermont to 7.3 percent in Rhode Island. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population
In 2017, 20.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all veterans were women. In the
survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to
be men than were nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of
veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now
over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 39 percent (8.1
million) of the total veteran population in 2017. Thirty-six percent of veterans (7.4 million) served
during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward).
About a quarter (4.9 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Gulf War-era II Veterans
In 2017, there were 4.1 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001
forward). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of veterans
from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Seventy percent of all Gulf War-era II
veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically different from the
rate for women in 2017. The unemployment rate for men edged down to 4.3 percent in 2017. The rate
for women, at 5.5 percent, was essentially unchanged from the prior year. (See table A.)
In 2017, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.3 percent, was the same as the
rate for male nonveterans. Among men age 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher
unemployment rate (6.0 percent) than did nonveterans (4.5 percent). Among men age 45 to 54, however,
Gulf War-era II veterans had a lower unemployment rate (1.5 percent) than did nonveterans (3.1
percent). (See table 2B.)
Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.5 percent) was higher than the
rate for nonveterans (4.1 percent) in 2017. By age, unemployment rates for female veterans and
nonveterans were similar, with one exception: 25- to 34-year-old female veterans had a rate of 8.0
percent, higher than the rate of 4.5 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2C.)
Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2017 as
employed nonveterans—27 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 15 percent of
Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans.
(See table 5.)
In August 2017, 47 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both
locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.4 percent, little different from Gulf War-era II
veterans who served elsewhere (4.5 percent). (See table 10.)
Gulf War-era I Veterans
Of the 3.3 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001), the
proportion who were women (15 percent in 2017) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17
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percent). Nearly all (99 percent) Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2017, compared with
54 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
In 2017, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were 3.0 percent and 3.4
percent, respectively, lower than the rates for their Gulf War-era II veteran counterparts (4.3 percent and
5.5 percent). The difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of
veterans who served during Gulf War era I. Younger people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to
have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 2C.)
Veterans of Other Service Periods
In 2017, 4.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between
the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from
this period of service were 45 years or older at the time of the survey. Twenty-two percent of these
veterans were age 45 to 54 in 2017, another 39 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were
age 65 and over. (See table 2A.)
In 2017, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods,
the unemployment rate for men (3.2 percent) was little different than the rate for women (2.7 percent).
(See table 1.)
Veterans with a Service-connected Disability
In August 2017, about 4.9 million veterans, or 24 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability.
Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments
of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)
The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.3 percent in August 2017,
little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (4.5 percent). The labor force participation
rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (48.4 percent) was not statistically different than the
rate for veterans with no disability (49.2 percent).
Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 28 percent reported a disability rating of less than
30 percent, while another 41 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2017, veterans with
a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor
force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.5 percent and 37.7 percent, respectively). The
unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 3.3 percent, not
statistically different than for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (4.8 percent).
Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (1.7 million) reported a serviceconnected disability and nearly half of these veterans had a service-connected disability rating of 60
percent or higher. In August 2017, 75.8 percent of all Gulf War era II veterans with a service-connected
disability were in the labor force, lower than the 85.5 percent for veterans from this period with no
service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a
service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, not statistically different from those with no disability
(4.8 percent).

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In August 2017, 28 percent (946,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate was lower (65.6 percent) than the rate for
veterans from the era who did not have a disability (85.9 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf
War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (4.3 percent) was not statistically different than
that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (2.8 percent).
Among the 1.7 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II, the Korean War,
and the Vietnam era, 15.4 percent were in the labor force in August 2017, lower than the 23.1 percent of
veterans from these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of
veterans from these wartime periods with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, lower than
their counterparts with no disability (7.9 percent).
Thirteen percent (633,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2017. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (38.6 percent)
was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (48.3 percent), while the
unemployment rate was not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (6.7
percent) and those with no disability (3.6 percent).
Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public
sector. In August 2017, 33 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or
local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of
nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal
government, compared with 7 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans.
(See table 8.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
In August 2017, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation rates were higher for veterans who
were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.4 percent), compared with veterans
who were never members (79.4 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard had a lower unemployment rate than those who had never
been members (2.5 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively). (See table 9.)

Adjustments to Veteran Population Estimates
Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls
derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model. In accordance with
usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the updated
veteran population model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at
www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf.

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Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,
period of service, and sex, 2016-2017 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service

2016
Total

Men

2017
Women

Total

Men

Women

TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

20,895
10,581
50.6
10,129
48.5
453
4.3
10,314

18,881
9,334
49.4
8,944
47.4
390
4.2
9,547

2,014
1,247
61.9
1,184
58.8
63
5.0
767

20,387
10,125
49.7
9,755
47.8
370
3.7
10,262

18,387
8,934
48.6
8,613
46.8
321
3.6
9,454

2,000
1,191
59.6
1,142
57.1
49
4.1
808

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

3,896
3,174
81.5
3,013
77.3
161
5.1
722

3,207
2,666
83.1
2,533
79.0
133
5.0
541

689
508
73.7
480
69.6
28
5.6
181

4,116
3,318
80.6
3,169
77.0
149
4.5
798

3,400
2,819
82.9
2,698
79.4
121
4.3
580

716
498
69.6
471
65.7
28
5.5
218

NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

223,649
146,479
65.5
139,560
62.4
6,919
4.7
77,170

99,107
74,393
75.1
70,799
71.4
3,594
4.8
24,714

124,541
72,086
57.9
68,761
55.2
3,325
4.6
52,455

225,619
147,957
65.6
141,692
62.8
6,265
4.2
77,662

100,301
75,154
74.9
71,907
71.7
3,248
4.3
25,147

125,318
72,803
58.1
69,785
55.7
3,018
4.1
52,515

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces.

Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through the
Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly
survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—
obtains information on employment and unemployment
among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age
16 and over.
Most of the data in this release are annual averages for
2017, compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In
August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected additional
information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard
status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.
The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's
Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions were
asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their
prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated
for persons 18 years of age and older.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the
question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces?"
Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the
Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is
obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans,
"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces?" The following service periods are identified:
Gulf War era II — September 2001-present
Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era
— August 1964-April 1975
Korean War
— July 1950-January 1955
World War II — December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods — All other time periods

Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this release are
as follows:

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world
during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only in
one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are
classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in
both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service
definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in
law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans are men and women who previously served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were
civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the
Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they
had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on
active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of
the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are
persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and
prisons.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are
individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003,
in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both
locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by
answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the
coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time
since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since
October 2001?"

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf
War-era veterans are men and women who served in the U.S.
Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of
where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more
than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and women
who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than
World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf
War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in
several armed conflicts during other service periods, these
conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller
proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime
periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected
wartime periods and during another period are classified in
the wartime period.

Presence of service-connected disability is determined
by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health
condition or impairment caused or made worse by any of
your military service?"
Service-connected disability rating is based on answers
to the question, "What is your current service-connected
disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent,
in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are
determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule
published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38,
"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—
"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is
"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting
from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings
represent as far as can practicably be determined the average
impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases

and injuries and their residual conditions in civil
occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible
disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with
instructions for rating multiple disorders.
Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to
Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members of
the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been
called to active duty. These data do not refer to all persons
who may have ever served in the Reserve or National Guard.
Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers
to two questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was
any of your active service the result of a call-up from the
Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were
asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or
National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either question
classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve
or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question
classified persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or
National Guard."
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates will differ from the true population values they
represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling
error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of
confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to
obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing
of the data.
Information about the reliability of national data from
the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates
from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this
release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm.
Comparability of the estimates
Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from
the veterans supplement shown in tables 7 through 10 of this
release reflect a change in the weighting methodology. As a
result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the
estimates of the number of veterans with a service-connected
disability, veteran Reserve or National Guard members, and
veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than
in previous years. The supplement data presented in this
release are not strictly comparable with data for years before
2015 due to the change. See the note in the Employment
Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more
information about the change in weighting methodology
(www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

246,006
20,387
7,394
4,116
3,279
8,052
4,941
225,619

158,082
10,125
5,903
3,318
2,585
1,818
2,404
147,957

64.3
49.7
79.8
80.6
78.9
22.6
48.7
65.6

151,447
9,755
5,675
3,169
2,507
1,751
2,329
141,692

61.6
47.8
76.8
77.0
76.4
21.7
47.1
62.8

6,635
370
228
149
79
67
75
6,265

4.2
3.7
3.9
4.5
3.1
3.7
3.1
4.2

87,924
10,262
1,491
798
693
6,234
2,537
77,662

Men
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,688
18,387
6,175
3,400
2,775
7,764
4,449
100,301

84,088
8,934
5,035
2,819
2,216
1,758
2,140
75,154

70.8
48.6
81.5
82.9
79.9
22.6
48.1
74.9

80,520
8,613
4,848
2,698
2,150
1,693
2,073
71,907

67.8
46.8
78.5
79.4
77.5
21.8
46.6
71.7

3,568
321
188
121
66
66
68
3,248

4.2
3.6
3.7
4.3
3.0
3.7
3.2
4.3

34,600
9,454
1,139
580
559
6,006
2,309
25,147

Women
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,318
2,000
1,220
716
504
288
492
125,318

73,994
1,191
868
498
370
60
264
72,803

58.1
59.6
71.2
69.6
73.4
20.8
53.6
58.1

70,927
1,142
828
471
357
58
256
69,785

55.7
57.1
67.9
65.7
70.9
20.2
52.1
55.7

3,067
49
40
28
13
2
7
3,018

4.1
4.1
4.6
5.5
3.4
2.8
2.7
4.1

53,323
808
352
218
134
228
228
52,515

White
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

192,255
16,867
5,618
3,133
2,485
7,100
4,148
175,388

123,175
8,122
4,532
2,541
1,990
1,606
1,984
115,053

64.1
48.2
80.7
81.1
80.1
22.6
47.8
65.6

118,657
7,846
4,372
2,438
1,934
1,546
1,928
110,810

61.7
46.5
77.8
77.8
77.8
21.8
46.5
63.2

4,518
276
159
103
56
60
56
4,243

3.7
3.4
3.5
4.1
2.8
3.8
2.8
3.7

69,080
8,745
1,087
592
494
5,494
2,164
60,336

Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30,970
2,587
1,286
709
577
684
617
28,383

19,900
1,465
991
559
432
146
328
18,435

64.3
56.6
77.1
78.9
74.9
21.3
53.2
65.0

18,459
1,390
937
523
414
141
312
17,068

59.6
53.7
72.9
73.7
71.8
20.6
50.5
60.1

1,442
75
54
37
18
4
16
1,367

7.2
5.1
5.5
6.5
4.1
3.0
5.0
7.4

11,070
1,122
295
150
145
538
289
9,948

Asian
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,804
336
185
108
78

9,641
202
149
88
61

65.1
60.1
80.4
81.3
79.1

9,316
199
147
86
61

62.9
59.1
79.3
80.0
78.4

325
3
2
1
1

3.4
1.6
1.3
1.6
0.9

5,163
134
36
20
16

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91
60
14,468

20
33
9,439

22.0
55.3
65.2

20
32
9,117

21.7
53.8
63.0

0
1
321

–
–
3.4

71
27
5,029

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39,190
1,459
798
527
270
374
287
37,732

26,836
916
642
420
222
103
171
25,919

68.5
62.8
80.4
79.7
81.9
27.5
59.7
68.7

25,514
881
619
403
215
99
164
24,633

65.1
60.4
77.5
76.5
79.5
26.4
57.1
65.3

1,321
35
23
17
6
4
8
1,287

4.9
3.8
3.6
4.0
2.9
4.0
4.4
5.0

12,355
543
156
107
49
271
116
11,812

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race
groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

20,387
231
1,704
2,226
3,142
3,647
9,437

10,125
187
1,385
1,903
2,612
2,264
1,773

49.7
81.0
81.3
85.5
83.1
62.1
18.8

9,755
172
1,297
1,843
2,541
2,193
1,709

47.8
74.6
76.1
82.8
80.9
60.1
18.1

370
15
88
60
71
72
64

3.7
7.9
6.4
3.2
2.7
3.2
3.6

10,262
44
319
323
530
1,383
7,663

7,394
231
1,704
2,226
2,058
872
303

5,903
187
1,385
1,903
1,731
614
83

79.8
81.0
81.3
85.5
84.1
70.4
27.3

5,675
172
1,297
1,843
1,685
598
80

76.8
74.6
76.1
82.8
81.8
68.6
26.6

228
15
88
60
47
16
2

3.9
7.9
6.4
3.2
2.7
2.6
2.8

1,491
44
319
323
327
258
220

4,116
231
1,678
1,189
634
305
79

3,318
187
1,364
984
529
228
25

80.6
81.0
81.3
82.7
83.5
74.8
32.1

3,169
172
1,278
952
520
222
25

77.0
74.6
76.2
80.1
82.0
72.9
31.1

149
15
86
32
9
6
1

4.5
7.9
6.3
3.2
1.8
2.5
–

798
44
314
205
104
77
54

3,279
26
1,037
1,425
567
224

2,585
20
920
1,202
386
57

78.9
–
88.7
84.4
68.0
25.7

2,507
19
891
1,165
376
56

76.4
–
85.9
81.7
66.2
24.9

79
2
28
37
10
2

3.1
–
3.1
3.1
2.6
2.7

693
5
118
223
182
166

8,052
860
7,192

1,818
400
1,418

22.6
46.5
19.7

1,751
386
1,364

21.7
44.9
19.0

67
14
53

3.7
3.4
3.8

6,234
460
5,774

4,941
1,084
1,915
1,943

2,404
881
1,250
273

48.7
81.3
65.3
14.0

2,329
857
1,208
264

47.1
79.1
63.1
13.6

75
24
42
9

3.1
2.7
3.4
3.1

2,537
203
664
1,670

225,619
28,846
42,255
37,726
38,645
38,046
40,102

147,957
18,736
34,701
31,131
30,951
24,637
7,801

65.6
65.0
82.1
82.5
80.1
64.8
19.5

141,692
17,143
33,142
30,048
29,962
23,872
7,525

62.8
59.4
78.4
79.6
77.5
62.7
18.8

6,265
1,593
1,559
1,082
990
765
276

4.2
8.5
4.5
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.5

77,662
10,110
7,554
6,595
7,694
13,409
32,301

Total

Percent of
population

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

18,387
183
1,396
1,825
2,675
3,236
9,072

8,934
157
1,167
1,606
2,259
2,028
1,716

48.6
85.6
83.6
88.0
84.5
62.7
18.9

8,613
144
1,096
1,556
2,199
1,964
1,653

46.8
78.4
78.5
85.2
82.2
60.7
18.2

321
13
71
50
60
64
62

3.6
8.4
6.1
3.1
2.7
3.2
3.6

9,454
26
229
219
416
1,208
7,356

6,175
183
1,396
1,825
1,743
755
272

5,035
157
1,167
1,606
1,494
538
73

81.5
85.6
83.6
88.0
85.7
71.3
26.9

4,848
144
1,096
1,556
1,456
525
71

78.5
78.4
78.5
85.2
83.5
69.5
26.1

188
13
71
50
38
13
2

3.7
8.4
6.1
3.1
2.5
2.5
3.0

1,139
26
229
219
249
217
199

3,400
183
1,377
965
542
262
70

2,819
157
1,151
831
461
197
22

82.9
85.6
83.6
86.1
85.0
75.2
31.6

2,698
144
1,082
804
454
193
22

79.4
78.4
78.6
83.3
83.7
73.6
30.7

121
13
69
27
7
4
1

4.3
8.4
6.0
3.3
1.5
2.1
–

580
26
225
134
81
65
48

2,775
19
860
1,201
493
202

2,216
16
775
1,033
341
51

79.9
–
90.1
86.0
69.2
25.2

2,150
14
752
1,002
332
49

77.5
–
87.4
83.4
67.3
24.5

66
2
23
31
9
2

3.0
–
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.1

559
3
85
168
152
151

7,764
805
6,959

1,758
378
1,380

22.6
47.0
19.8

1,693
365
1,327

21.8
45.3
19.1

66
13
52

3.7
3.5
3.8

6,006
427
5,579

4,449
932
1,676
1,841

2,140
766
1,112
263

48.1
82.2
66.3
14.3

2,073
743
1,074
255

46.6
79.8
64.1
13.8

68
22
37
8

3.2
2.9
3.4
3.0

2,309
166
564
1,578

100,301
14,449
20,424
17,772
17,759
16,820
13,077

75,154
9,674
18,206
16,170
15,403
12,130
3,571

74.9
66.9
89.1
91.0
86.7
72.1
27.3

71,907
8,738
17,394
15,646
14,926
11,746
3,457

71.7
60.5
85.2
88.0
84.0
69.8
26.4

3,248
936
813
524
476
384
114

4.3
9.7
4.5
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2

25,147
4,775
2,217
1,602
2,357
4,690
9,506

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

2,000
48
308
401
467
411
365

1,191
30
218
297
353
236
58

59.6
63.5
70.7
74.0
75.5
57.4
15.8

1,142
29
200
287
342
228
56

57.1
60.0
65.1
71.6
73.2
55.5
15.3

49
2
17
10
11
8
2

4.1
–
7.9
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.6

808
17
90
104
114
175
307

1,220
48
308
401
316
117
30

868
30
218
297
238
76
10

71.2
63.5
70.7
74.0
75.3
64.8
–

828
29
200
287
229
73
9

67.9
60.0
65.1
71.6
72.5
62.5
–

40
2
17
10
9
3
0

4.6
–
7.9
3.2
3.8
3.5
–

352
17
90
104
78
41
21

716
48
301
224
91
43
9

498
30
213
152
68
31
3

69.6
63.5
70.7
68.1
74.8
72.8
–

471
29
196
148
66
30
3

65.7
60.0
65.0
66.0
72.2
69.0
–

28
2
17
5
2
2
0

5.5
–
8.0
3.1
3.6
–
–

218
17
88
71
23
12
6

504
7
177
224
74
22

370
5
144
169
45
6

73.4
–
81.6
75.5
60.2
–

357
5
139
163
44
6

70.9
–
78.8
72.6
58.8
–

13
0
5
6
1
0

3.4
–
3.4
3.8
2.4
–

134
2
33
55
30
15

288
55
233

60
22
38

20.8
39.0
16.4

58
21
37

20.2
38.3
15.9

2
0
1

2.8
–
3.4

228
34
195

492
151
239
102

264
115
139
10

53.6
75.9
58.0
9.8

256
113
134
9

52.1
74.8
56.0
9.2

7
2
5
1

2.7
1.5
3.5
–

228
36
100
92

125,318
14,397
21,831
19,954
20,885
21,226
27,025

72,803
9,062
16,494
14,960
15,549
12,507
4,230

58.1
62.9
75.6
75.0
74.4
58.9
15.7

69,785
8,405
15,748
14,402
15,035
12,126
4,068

55.7
58.4
72.1
72.2
72.0
57.1
15.1

3,018
657
746
558
513
381
162

4.1
7.2
4.5
3.7
3.3
3.0
3.8

52,515
5,335
5,337
4,993
5,337
8,719
22,795

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational
attainment, 2017 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

20,156
876
5,890
7,026
6,365

9,938
187
2,566
3,665
3,520

49.3
21.3
43.6
52.2
55.3

9,583
173
2,467
3,514
3,428

47.5
19.8
41.9
50.0
53.9

355
13
99
151
92

3.6
7.0
3.9
4.1
2.6

10,218
689
3,323
3,361
2,845

7,163
88
1,578
2,884
2,613

5,716
54
1,257
2,221
2,184

79.8
61.5
79.7
77.0
83.6

5,503
50
1,200
2,123
2,130

76.8
57.2
76.0
73.6
81.5

213
4
57
98
54

3.7
7.0
4.6
4.4
2.5

1,447
34
321
664
429

3,885
48
799
1,614
1,423

3,131
27
654
1,220
1,229

80.6
56.5
81.9
75.6
86.3

2,997
25
616
1,158
1,198

77.1
51.2
77.1
71.7
84.2

134
3
38
62
31

4.3
–
5.9
5.1
2.5

754
21
144
394
195

3,279
40
779
1,270
1,190

2,585
27
603
1,000
955

78.9
67.6
77.4
78.8
80.3

2,507
26
584
965
932

76.4
64.5
74.9
76.0
78.3

79
1
19
35
23

3.1
–
3.2
3.5
2.4

693
13
176
269
234

8,052
509
2,547
2,528
2,469

1,818
62
499
584
673

22.6
12.3
19.6
23.1
27.2

1,751
58
480
558
654

21.7
11.4
18.9
22.1
26.5

67
4
19
26
18

3.7
7.0
3.8
4.4
2.7

6,234
447
2,047
1,944
1,796

4,941
279
1,765
1,614
1,283

2,404
70
810
861
664

48.7
25.1
45.9
53.3
51.7

2,329
65
787
833
644

47.1
23.4
44.6
51.6
50.2

75
5
23
27
20

3.1
7.0
2.8
3.2
3.0

2,537
209
955
754
619

196,773
21,596
56,169
50,520
68,489

129,221
10,040
33,229
34,232
51,721

65.7
46.5
59.2
67.8
75.5

124,549
9,386
31,669
32,958
50,536

63.3
43.5
56.4
65.2
73.8

4,673
654
1,560
1,274
1,185

3.6
6.5
4.7
3.7
2.3

67,552
11,556
22,940
16,288
16,768

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017
annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

9,755

5,675

3,169

2,507

1,751

2,329

141,692

100.0
39.4
19.3
20.1
13.9
16.8
8.6
8.2
13.6
0.5
5.8
7.3
16.4
6.2
10.2

100.0
39.9
18.2
21.7
15.1
17.0
7.8
9.2
13.6
0.4
5.3
7.9
14.4
6.0
8.4

100.0
38.8
17.6
21.2
16.1
16.8
7.5
9.3
14.8
0.4
5.7
8.8
13.5
5.5
8.0

100.0
41.2
18.9
22.3
13.8
17.3
8.1
9.2
12.1
0.4
4.8
6.9
15.6
6.6
9.0

100.0
41.4
23.8
17.6
10.7
18.2
11.8
6.4
12.4
0.9
6.0
5.5
17.3
5.3
12.1

100.0
36.7
18.5
18.2
13.4
15.1
8.1
7.0
14.3
0.6
6.7
7.1
20.5
7.6
12.9

100.0
40.2
16.6
23.6
17.3
22.1
10.2
11.8
9.0
0.8
5.2
3.0
11.4
5.5
5.9

8,613

4,848

2,698

2,150

1,693

2,073

71,907

100.0
38.1
19.3
18.8
13.7
15.2
8.5
6.6
15.2
0.6
6.5
8.2
17.8
6.8
11.0

100.0
38.3
18.1
20.2
14.9
15.0
7.7
7.3
15.8
0.4
6.2
9.2
16.1
6.7
9.3

100.0
37.2
17.3
20.0
15.7
14.8
7.4
7.4
17.3
0.4
6.6
10.2
14.9
6.1
8.8

100.0
39.6
19.0
20.6
13.9
15.1
8.0
7.1
13.9
0.4
5.6
7.8
17.5
7.5
9.9

100.0
41.0
23.8
17.2
10.8
17.6
11.8
5.9
12.9
0.9
6.2
5.7
17.7
5.3
12.4

100.0
35.4
18.6
16.8
13.2
13.6
7.9
5.8
15.8
0.6
7.4
7.8
22.0
8.2
13.7

100.0
36.4
17.4
18.9
14.0
15.9
9.9
6.0
16.8
1.1
9.9
5.7
17.0
7.5
9.4

1,142

828

471

357

58

256

69,785

100.0
48.9
18.9
30.0
15.3
28.9
9.0
19.9
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.6

100.0
49.3
18.9
30.4
16.0
29.1
8.4
20.7
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.5

100.0
47.8
19.3
28.5
18.4
28.1
8.1
20.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2

100.0
51.2
18.3
32.9
13.0
30.4
8.8
21.6
1.1
0.1
0.1
1.0

100.0
52.0
25.4
26.7
7.9
34.4
12.7
21.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0

100.0
47.0
17.4
29.6
14.7
26.9
10.3
16.7
2.3
0.0
1.4
0.9

100.0
44.1
15.7
28.4
20.7
28.5
10.6
17.9
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.3

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017
annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.9
1.9
4.1

4.9
1.6
3.3

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I
5.4
2.2
3.2

4.4
0.9
3.4

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era
5.5
3.0
2.6

Other
service
periods
9.2
2.3
6.8

Nonveterans

5.7
3.5
2.2

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2017 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Gulf War
era II

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

9,755

5,675

3,169

2,507

1,751

2,329

141,692

100.0
2.0
0.9
1.1
98.0
92.1
70.4
0.7
6.5
12.1
2.7
8.6
7.2
1.9
4.9
10.8
8.2
3.7
3.2
21.7
10.2
4.6
6.8
5.9

100.0
0.8
0.6
0.2
99.2
96.0
70.5
0.8
6.4
12.0
2.4
8.0
6.8
2.2
4.9
11.6
8.7
3.9
2.8
25.5
13.4
4.9
7.2
3.2

100.0
0.9
0.7
0.2
99.1
96.4
69.9
0.9
6.8
10.8
2.2
8.5
5.9
2.2
4.3
11.7
8.7
4.9
3.1
26.5
14.8
5.1
6.5
2.7

100.0
0.6
0.4
0.1
99.4
95.5
71.2
0.6
5.8
13.5
2.6
7.5
8.0
2.2
5.7
11.5
8.7
2.8
2.4
24.3
11.6
4.5
8.2
3.9

100.0
5.7
1.5
4.1
94.3
80.2
68.1
0.7
6.4
8.7
3.5
10.4
7.0
1.1
5.8
9.6
7.0
3.6
4.2
12.1
3.5
3.2
5.4
14.1

100.0
2.1
1.0
1.2
97.9
91.7
72.1
0.7
6.7
14.7
2.9
8.6
8.4
1.7
4.2
9.9
7.7
3.2
3.4
19.6
7.5
5.1
7.0
6.2

100.0
1.6
1.1
0.5
98.4
92.7
79.4
0.5
5.7
9.7
2.2
10.3
4.0
1.7
6.4
10.7
15.5
8.4
4.3
13.3
1.9
4.7
6.7
5.7

8,613

4,848

2,698

2,150

1,693

2,073

71,907

100.0
2.2
1.0
1.2
97.8
91.6
71.0
0.8
7.1
13.0
2.8
8.5
7.8
2.0
4.7
11.0
6.4
3.5
3.2
20.6
9.4
4.4

100.0
0.9
0.7
0.2
99.1
95.8
71.3
0.9
7.2
13.3
2.5
8.0
7.5
2.4
4.6
11.9
6.5
3.7
2.8
24.5
12.7
4.7

100.0
1.0
0.8
0.2
99.0
96.2
70.8
1.0
7.8
12.1
2.3
8.6
6.5
2.4
3.9
12.0
6.5
4.5
3.0
25.5
14.0
4.8

100.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
99.3
95.3
72.0
0.7
6.5
14.9
2.8
7.3
8.8
2.4
5.5
11.7
6.5
2.5
2.5
23.3
11.1
4.4

100.0
5.7
1.6
4.1
94.3
80.1
68.1
0.7
6.6
8.9
3.4
10.5
7.3
1.2
5.8
9.6
6.2
3.6
4.3
12.0
3.3
3.2

100.0
2.3
1.1
1.3
97.7
91.3
72.8
0.7
7.4
15.7
3.1
8.2
9.1
1.8
4.1
10.1
6.2
3.0
3.4
18.6
6.9
4.9

100.0
2.2
1.6
0.6
97.8
91.3
81.1
0.8
10.1
13.2
3.0
10.2
6.0
2.0
5.6
11.7
6.8
7.9
3.9
10.3
1.8
3.5

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2017 annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total

Gulf War
era II

Total
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

6.7
6.2

7.2
3.3

6.7
2.8

7.8
4.0

5.4
14.2

6.7
6.3

5.0
6.4

1,142

828

471

357

58

256

69,785

100.0
0.5
0.1
0.4
99.5
95.8
66.0
0.1
1.3
4.7
1.7
9.0
2.4
0.9
6.5
9.5
21.5
5.5
3.0
29.9
15.9
6.2
7.8
3.6

100.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
99.7
97.0
65.6
0.1
1.3
4.3
1.4
8.3
2.5
0.9
6.9
9.9
21.4
5.7
2.9
31.4
17.6
6.1
7.6
2.7

100.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
99.6
97.3
64.9
0.1
1.4
3.3
1.4
8.0
2.1
0.7
6.6
9.7
21.4
6.8
3.5
32.4
19.9
6.8
5.6
2.2

100.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
99.9
96.6
66.6
0.1
1.2
5.6
1.4
8.6
3.2
1.2
7.4
10.2
21.4
4.2
2.2
30.0
14.6
5.1
10.3
3.3

100.0
4.0
0.2
3.8
96.0
84.3
67.6
0.0
2.1
3.8
7.3
7.1
0.0
0.0
6.0
7.4
30.2
3.7
0.0
16.7
9.8
3.0
3.9
11.7

100.0
0.5
0.1
0.4
99.5
94.7
66.6
0.4
1.1
6.4
1.2
11.6
2.6
1.0
5.1
8.4
19.8
5.1
4.0
28.0
11.9
7.0
9.1
4.8

100.0
0.8
0.5
0.3
99.2
94.1
77.7
0.1
1.2
6.2
1.5
10.5
2.0
1.3
7.2
9.6
24.5
8.9
4.6
16.4
2.0
5.9
8.5
5.0

Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

2

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

20,387
375
73
501
244
1,823
396
191
78
27
1,603
697
105
121
624
446
217
173
294
306
112
436
361
567
337
197
446
103
124
270
103
339
152
760
720
48
796
298
305
837
71
417
77
515
1,678
151
42
772
508
145
353
51

Total

Percent
of
population

10,125
182
44
229
108
887
215
93
36
14
734
410
55
54
295
239
113
88
148
149
55
268
172
260
178
98
208
51
63
135
49
150
70
323
365
27
369
151
152
382
32
189
46
262
905
79
19
463
245
64
175
28

49.7
48.5
60.5
45.7
44.3
48.7
54.3
48.9
46.0
49.6
45.8
58.8
52.5
44.4
47.3
53.4
52.2
50.7
50.3
48.7
48.6
61.6
47.5
45.9
52.8
49.7
46.6
49.3
50.8
50.1
47.6
44.1
45.9
42.5
50.7
56.6
46.4
50.9
49.8
45.7
44.5
45.4
59.5
50.8
53.9
52.1
44.8
60.0
48.2
44.2
49.4
53.9

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

9,755
178
42
217
103
850
207
90
34
13
713
396
53
52
283
233
108
86
145
145
54
260
168
251
169
95
202
49
60
129
48
144
67
310
348
27
357
146
145
363
29
182
45
253
870
76
19
452
237
61
169
26

47.8
47.4
57.3
43.3
42.4
46.6
52.3
47.3
44.2
46.5
44.5
56.8
50.7
42.8
45.4
52.1
49.6
49.5
49.3
47.3
47.8
59.6
46.4
44.3
50.2
48.0
45.2
47.2
48.5
47.6
46.0
42.4
44.4
40.8
48.3
55.4
44.8
49.1
47.6
43.4
41.3
43.6
58.0
49.1
51.9
50.6
44.1
58.5
46.6
41.9
47.8
51.4

370
4
2
12
5
37
8
3
1
1
21
14
2
2
12
6
6
2
3
4
1
9
4
9
9
3
6
2
3
7
2
6
2
13
17
1
13
5
6
19
2
7
1
9
35
2
0
11
8
3
6
1

3.7
2.2
5.3
5.2
4.4
4.2
3.7
3.4
4.0
6.3
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
4.1
2.4
5.0
2.5
2.0
3.0
1.7
3.3
2.4
3.6
5.1
3.5
3.1
4.4
4.5
4.9
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.9
4.7
2.1
3.5
3.5
4.3
5.0
7.3
3.9
2.5
3.5
3.8
2.9
1.7
2.5
3.2
5.1
3.3
4.6

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Not in
labor
force

10,262
193
29
272
136
936
181
97
42
14
869
287
50
67
329
208
104
85
146
157
58
167
189
307
159
99
238
52
61
135
54
190
82
437
355
21
427
146
153
454
39
228
31
253
773
72
23
309
263
81
179
24

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

225,619
3,339
457
4,768
2,004
28,000
3,871
2,577
658
528
14,799
7,000
960
1,125
9,030
4,506
2,155
1,966
3,043
3,172
953
4,171
5,012
7,082
3,846
2,005
4,150
707
1,284
2,001
952
6,517
1,402
14,547
7,010
516
8,033
2,603
2,925
9,037
765
3,365
564
4,611
18,678
1,997
456
5,621
5,143
1,271
4,055
383

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Total

Percent
of
population

147,957
1,967
321
3,033
1,241
18,116
2,768
1,790
433
384
9,284
4,607
626
762
6,046
3,011
1,527
1,366
1,885
1,946
635
2,919
3,437
4,522
2,846
1,169
2,751
465
920
1,308
677
4,279
852
9,240
4,481
383
5,292
1,668
1,941
5,882
516
2,060
407
2,912
12,409
1,445
319
3,806
3,425
711
2,905
263

65.6
58.9
70.2
63.6
61.9
64.7
71.5
69.5
65.8
72.7
62.7
65.8
65.2
67.7
66.9
66.8
70.8
69.5
61.9
61.4
66.7
70.0
68.6
63.8
74.0
58.3
66.3
65.8
71.6
65.4
71.1
65.6
60.8
63.5
63.9
74.3
65.9
64.1
66.4
65.1
67.4
61.2
72.2
63.2
66.4
72.4
69.9
67.7
66.6
56.0
71.6
68.6

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

141,692
1,881
296
2,897
1,198
17,275
2,692
1,705
412
361
8,915
4,397
612
739
5,763
2,910
1,482
1,319
1,787
1,845
616
2,799
3,305
4,316
2,755
1,112
2,648
447
896
1,245
659
4,083
801
8,821
4,291
374
5,034
1,598
1,864
5,615
494
1,972
392
2,803
11,882
1,399
309
3,665
3,269
675
2,815
252

62.8
56.3
64.8
60.8
59.8
61.7
69.6
66.2
62.7
68.3
60.2
62.8
63.7
65.7
63.8
64.6
68.7
67.1
58.7
58.2
64.6
67.1
65.9
60.9
71.6
55.5
63.8
63.3
69.8
62.2
69.3
62.7
57.1
60.6
61.2
72.4
62.7
61.4
63.7
62.1
64.6
58.6
69.6
60.8
63.6
70.1
67.9
65.2
63.6
53.1
69.4
65.8

6,265
86
25
135
43
842
75
85
20
24
369
211
14
23
283
101
45
47
98
101
20
120
132
206
91
57
103
18
24
63
17
195
51
419
190
10
258
70
77
268
21
88
15
109
527
46
9
141
155
37
90
11

4.2
4.4
7.8
4.5
3.5
4.6
2.7
4.8
4.7
6.1
4.0
4.6
2.3
3.0
4.7
3.4
3.0
3.5
5.2
5.2
3.1
4.1
3.8
4.6
3.2
4.9
3.7
3.8
2.6
4.8
2.5
4.6
6.0
4.5
4.2
2.5
4.9
4.2
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.2
3.6
3.7
4.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
4.5
5.1
3.1
4.1

Not in
labor
force

77,662
1,372
136
1,736
763
9,884
1,103
786
225
144
5,515
2,393
334
363
2,985
1,494
629
600
1,158
1,225
317
1,252
1,575
2,560
999
835
1,400
242
364
693
276
2,239
550
5,306
2,529
133
2,742
935
984
3,155
249
1,305
157
1,699
6,269
551
137
1,816
1,718
560
1,150
120

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
labor force

Total

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

20,562
4,939
1,401
1,066
2,034
438
14,905
718

10,065
2,390
749
664
767
210
7,338
337

49.0
48.4
53.5
62.3
37.7
47.9
49.2
47.0

9,618
2,287
725
642
730
190
7,005
325

46.8
46.3
51.7
60.3
35.9
43.4
47.0
45.3

448
103
24
22
37
20
333
12

4.4
4.3
3.3
3.3
4.8
9.5
4.5
3.6

10,497
2,549
652
402
1,267
228
7,567
381

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

7,490
2,613
580
658
1,171
204
4,526
350

6,001
1,885
515
534
685
151
3,878
238

80.1
72.1
88.8
81.2
58.5
73.9
85.7
67.8

5,769
1,809
494
527
648
139
3,732
228

77.0
69.2
85.2
80.1
55.3
68.3
82.4
65.0

232
76
21
7
37
11
146
10

3.9
4.0
4.1
1.3
5.3
7.6
3.8
4.1

1,489
728
65
124
487
53
648
113

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,085
1,667
328
430
808
102
2,200
218

3,297
1,264
300
373
499
92
1,881
152

80.7
75.8
91.6
86.9
61.7
90.6
85.5
69.8

3,150
1,215
294
368
467
86
1,791
144

77.1
72.9
89.7
85.6
57.9
84.2
81.4
66.1

147
50
6
6
31
7
90
8

4.5
3.9
2.1
1.5
6.3
7.1
4.8
5.4

788
403
27
56
309
10
319
66

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,405
946
252
228
363
102
2,326
132

2,704
621
215
161
186
59
1,998
85

79.4
65.6
85.2
70.5
51.2
57.4
85.9
64.5

2,619
594
200
160
181
54
1,941
84

76.9
62.8
79.3
69.9
49.8
52.6
83.4
63.3

85
26
15
1
5
5
57
2

3.1
4.3
6.9
0.8
2.9

701
326
37
67
177
44
329
47

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

8,050
1,692
602
281
654
155
6,157
201

1,707
260
120
62
52
26
1,421
26

21.2
15.4
19.9
22.1
8.0
16.6
23.1
12.7

1,582
250
118
59
52
21
1,309
23

19.7
14.8
19.6
20.8
8.0
13.8
21.3
11.5

124
10
2
4

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

5,022
633
219
127
209
79
4,222
167

2,358
244
114
68
30
33
2,039
74

46.9
38.6
52.0
53.2
14.3
42.2
48.3
44.4

2,267
228
113
57
30
29
1,965
74

45.1
36.0
51.5
44.6
14.3
36.9
46.5
44.4

See footnotes at end of table.

4
112
2
91
16
1
11
4
74
0

2.8
1.8
7.3
3.9
1.8
7.9
3.9
6.7
1.1
3.6
-

6,343
1,432
482
219
602
129
4,736
175
2,664
389
105
59
179
45
2,183
93

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
labor force

Total

Not in
labor
force

MEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

18,530
4,390
1,241
952
1,810
387
13,519
621

8,821
2,086
633
594
681
178
6,447
288

47.6
47.5
51.0
62.4
37.6
46.1
47.7
46.4

8,452
1,995
619
572
646
158
6,173
284

45.6
45.4
49.8
60.1
35.7
40.9
45.7
45.8

369
92
14
22
36
20
274
4

4.2
4.4
2.2
3.7
5.3
11.2
4.2
1.4

9,709
2,304
608
358
1,129
208
7,072
333

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

6,254
2,169
463
558
992
156
3,812
273

5,099
1,600
416
464
600
119
3,304
195

81.5
73.7
89.8
83.2
60.5
76.4
86.7
71.5

4,930
1,535
405
457
564
108
3,202
193

78.8
70.7
87.5
82.0
56.9
69.0
84.0
71.0

169
65
11
7
36
11
102
2

3.3
4.1
2.6
1.5
6.0
9.6
3.1
0.8

1,155
570
47
94
392
37
508
78

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,339
1,392
263
364
682
82
1,777
171

2,761
1,097
253
331
440
72
1,542
122

82.7
78.8
96.2
90.8
64.5
88.3
86.8
71.2

2,659
1,054
253
325
410
66
1,483
122

79.6
75.7
96.2
89.2
60.1
80.4
83.5
71.2

102
43

3.7
3.9

578
295
10
34
242
10
234
49

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

2,915
778
200
193
310
74
2,035
102

2,338
503
163
133
160
47
1,762
73

80.2
64.6
81.3
68.9
51.6

77.9
61.8
75.9
68.2
49.8

86.6
72.0

2,271
480
152
132
155
42
1,719
72

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

7,760
1,649
585
272
637
155
5,917
194

1,640
260
120
62
52
26
1,354
26

21.1
15.8
20.5
22.8
8.2
16.6
22.9
13.2

1,520
250
118
59
52
21
1,247
23

19.6
15.2
20.2
21.5
8.2
13.8
21.1
11.9

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,516
571
193
122
181
75
3,790
155

2,082
226
97
68
29
33
1,788
68

46.1
39.6
50.1
55.4
15.9
44.1
47.2
43.9

2,002
210
95
57
29
29
1,725
68

44.3
36.8
49.5
46.4
15.9
38.6
45.5
43.9

See footnotes at end of table.

-

-

6
30
7
59
0
67
22
11
1
5
5
43
2

84.4
70.5

120
10
2
4
4
108
2
80
16
1
11
4
64
0

1.7
6.9
3.8
0.0
2.9
4.4
6.6
1.0
3.3
2.4
7.3
3.9
1.8
8.0
3.8
7.3
1.3
3.6
-

577
275
37
60
150
27
273
29
6,120
1,389
465
210
585
129
4,562
168
2,434
345
96
55
152
42
2,002
87

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

Total

Not in
labor
force

WOMEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

2,032
549
160
114
224
51
1,386
97

1,244
304
116
70
86
31
891
49

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

1,236
444
714
78

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

61.2
55.3
72.8
61.6
38.2
64.3
50.4

1,166
292
106
70
85
31
832
41

902
285
574
43

73.0
64.3
80.4
54.8

746
275
423
47

536
167
338
31

71.9
60.8
79.9

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

490
169
291
30

366
118
236
12

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

290
43
240
7

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

506
62
432
13

-

74.6
70.0
81.0

67
-

22.9
-

67
0
275
18
251
6

27.7

54.4
58.1
-

-

-

-

67.8
61.8
74.2
44.3

64
11
44
8

491
160
308
23

65.8
58.3
72.7

46
7
31
8

71.0
67.5
76.3

62
62
0

21.5

265
18
240
6

4
-

26.0
-

4
-

52.3
-

334
159
140
35

8.5
4.1
9.1

209
108
85
17

4.9
3.5
5.8
-

124
51
55
18

-

223
43
173
7

-

-

3.9
-

11
0

788
245
43
44
138
20
494
48

7.0
3.9
7.7

11
-

55.6
-

6.6
-

18
4
14
-

-

0.9
-

839
274
530
34

-

6.3
3.6
8.9

1
59
8

-

-

-

78
11
10

60.1
42.0

348
114
222
12

-

57.4
53.3
66.3
61.6
37.9

4.3
-

231
44
181
6

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and
other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served
in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The
associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication
criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,
and class of worker, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries

Veteran status, presence of
disability, and period of service

Veterans, total ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

Total
employed
(thousands)

Total

Agriculture
and
related
industries

Wage and salary workers ¹
Total

Private
sector

Total

Selfemployed,
unincorpoGovernment
rated, and
unpaid
family
State and
Federal
workers
local

9,618
2,287
7,005

100.0
100.0
100.0

2.3
1.6
2.4

97.7
98.4
97.6

69.8
59.2
73.1

21.9
32.5
18.6

10.3
19.3
7.2

11.6
13.2
11.4

6.0
6.7
5.9

5,769
1,809
3,732

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.8
0.4
0.9

99.2
99.6
99.1

70.8
60.7
75.5

25.6
35.1
21.4

12.6
21.4
8.1

13.0
13.7
13.3

2.7
3.9
2.2

Gulf War era II ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

3,150
1,215
1,791

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.9
0.6
0.8

99.1
99.4
99.2

70.9
63.0
76.3

25.3
32.5
20.7

12.1
17.3
7.9

13.2
15.2
12.8

2.9
3.9
2.1

Gulf War era I ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

2,619
594
1,941

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.8
0.9

99.2
100.0
99.1

70.7
55.8
74.8

26.0
40.3
22.1

13.3
29.6
8.3

12.7
10.7
13.8

2.5
3.8
2.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

1,582
250
1,309

100.0
100.0
100.0

6.8
7.0
6.8

93.2
93.0
93.2

65.4
52.6
67.3

11.4
14.8
10.9

4.1
6.3
3.8

7.3
8.4
7.2

16.5
25.7
15.0

Other service periods ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

2,267
228
1,965

100.0
100.0
100.0

3.0
5.7
2.5

97.0
94.3
97.5

70.1
54.7
72.2

19.8
31.5
18.4

8.8
17.6
7.7

10.9
14.0
10.7

7.2
8.1
6.8

141,637

100.0

1.6

98.4

79.7

13.0

1.9

11.1

5.7

Gulf War era, total ²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

Nonveterans

-

¹ Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
² Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a
health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is
determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this
release.

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2017, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and
Reserve or National Guard status

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Not in
labor
force

VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

7,490
2,392
4,800
298

6,001
1,971
3,811
219

80.1
82.4
79.4
73.5

5,769
1,922
3,641
205

77.0
80.4
75.9
68.8

232
48
170
14

3.9
2.5
4.5
6.4

1,489
421
989
79

4,085
1,398
2,516
170

3,297
1,150
2,029
118

80.7
82.2
80.6
69.5

3,150
1,118
1,922
110

77.1
79.9
76.4
64.7

147
32
107
8

4.5
2.8
5.3
6.9

788
249
487
52

3,405
994
2,284
128

2,704
821
1,782
101

79.4
82.6
78.0
78.9

2,619
805
1,719
95

76.9
81.0
75.3
74.4

85
16
63
6

3.1
2.0
3.5
5.7

701
173
502
27

Gulf War era II
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported
Gulf War era I
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The
Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)
and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include
Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2017, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and location

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both ¹
Served in Iraq ²
Served in Afghanistan ³
Served in both locations 4
Served elsewhere

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

4,085
1,940
1,509
977
545
2,145

Employed
Total

3,297
1,519
1,149
785
415
1,778

Percent
of
population

80.7
78.3
76.2
80.3
76.1
82.9

Total

3,150
1,452
1,105
746
399
1,698

Unemployed

Percent
of
population
77.1
74.8
73.2
76.4
73.3
79.2

Number

147
67
44
38
15
80

Not in
labor
force

Rate

4.5
4.4
3.9
4.9
3.7
4.5

788
421
359
192
130
367

¹ Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also
includes veterans who served in both countries.
² Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
³ Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
4
Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.