Sample Analysis Tables



Table 1. Selected characteristics of men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
HIV-negativea
No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinod
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
Education
Less than high school
High school diploma or equivalent
Some college or technical degree
College degree or more
Household incomee
At or below the federal poverty level
Above the federal poverty level
Health insurance
Yes
No
Visited a health care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless,f past 12 months
Yes
No
Incarcerated,g past 12 months
Yes
No

%

HIV-positiveb
No.

%

No valid NHBS HIV
test resultc
No.

%

Total
No.

%



Table 1. Selected characteristics of men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017 (cont)
HIV-negativea
No.

%

HIV-positiveb
No.

%

No valid NHBS HIV
test resultc
No.

%

Total
No.

%

City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.
a Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
b Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
c Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory
result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
d
e
f
g

Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
Living on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room–occupancy hotel, or in a car.
Having been held in a detention center, jail, or prison for more than 24 hours.

Table 2. HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men—National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
HIV-positivea
No.

%

Total No.

Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (footnotes only).
Note. Data include all participants with a valid NHBS HIV test result.
a
Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or
supplemental laboratory-based testing.
b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Table 3. HIV testing among men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Ever tested
No.

%

Tested in past
12 monthsa
No.

%

Total No.

Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Total
Note. Data include all participants who did not report a previous HIV-positive test result and participants who received their first HIV-positive test result
less than 12 months before interview.
a “'Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.
b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Table 4. Setting of most recent HIV test among men who have sex with men and who were tested for HIV during
the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Clinical settinga
No.

(%)

Nonclinical settingb
No.

(%)

Total No.

Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviation: HMO, health maintenance organization (footnotes only).
Note. Data report setting of most recent HIV test. Data exclude participants who did not report an HIV test during the 12 months before interview or
who reported receiving an HIV-positive test result more than 12 months before interview. Percentages may not add to 100 because of missing data
and “other” locations, which could not be classified as clinical or nonclinical settings.
a Clinical settings include private doctor’s office (including HMO), emergency department, hospital (inpatient), public health clinic or community health

center, family planning or obstetrics clinic, correctional facility, or drug treatment program.
b Nonclinical settings include HIV counseling and testing site, HIV street outreach program or mobile unit, needle exchange program, or home.
c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.



Table 5. Sexual behavior with female and male sex partners in the 12 months before interview among men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S.
cities, 2017

Vaginal sex
No.
%

With female sex partners
Condomless
vaginal sex
Anal sex
No.
%
No.
%

With male sex partners
Condomless anal sex
No.
%

Anal sex
No.
%

Condomless anal sex
No.
%

Total No.

HIV-negativea
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positivec
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resultd
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a
b
c
d

Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result
but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.



Table 6. Sexual behavior with male partners in the 12 months before interview among men who have sex with men, by partner type—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Anal sex
No.

Main male partner
Condomless anal sex
%
No.
%

Casual male partner
Anal sex
Condomless anal sex
No.
%
No.
%

Main and casual male
partners—sex of any typea
No.
%

Total No.

b

HIV-negative
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positived
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulte
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

a Participants who reported oral or anal sex with at least 1 male main partner and at least 1 male casual partner in the 12 months before interview.
b Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result

but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.



Table 7. Anal sex with the most recent sex partner during the 3 months before interview among men whose last sex partner was male—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S.
cities, 2017
Insertivea anal sex only
Condomlesse
Totalc
No.
%
No.
%

Receptiveb anal sex only
Totalc
Condomlessf
No.
%
No.
%

Both insertivea and receptiveb anal sex
Totalc
Condomlessg
No.
%
No.
%

No anal sex in the
past 3 monthsc,d
No.
%

Total No.

h

HIV-negative
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoi
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positivej
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoi
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resultk
Total

Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note.Outcomes are only reported for men whose most recent sex partner was male. Men whose most recent sex partner was female (n=353) or unknown gender (n=39) were excluded. Percentages may not add to 100 because of missing data.
a The participant's most recent sex partner was male and the participant placed his penis in the anus of his sex partner one or more times during the 3 months before interview.
b The participant's most recent sex partner was male and the sex partner placed his penis in the participant's anus one or more times during the 3 months before interview.
c The categories—insertive anal sex, receptive anal sex, both insertive and receptive anal sex, and no anal sex—are mutually exclusive.
d The participant's most recent sex partner was male and the participant reported neither insertive anal sex nor receptive anal sex with the sex partner during the 3 months before interview. Includes participants who had oral sex but not anal sex
with the most recent sex partner during the 3 months before interview and those who last had sex more than 3 months before interview.
e The participant did not use a condom during one or more of the times he had insertive anal sex with the most recent sex partner during the 3 months before interview.
f The participant did not use a condom during one or more of the times he had receptive anal sex with the most recent sex partner during the 3 months before interview.
g The participant did not use a condom during one or more of the times he had insertive anal sex or did not use a condom during one or more of the times he had receptive anal sex with the most recent sex partner during the 3 months
before interview.
h Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
i Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
j
Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
k
Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result
but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.



Table 8a. Receipt of HIV prevention in the 12 months before interview among men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S.
cities, 2017
Free condomsa
No.
%

Individual- or group-level
interventionb
No.
%

PrEP awarenessc
No.
%

PrEP used
No.

%

Total No.

e

HIV-negative
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveg
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulth
Total
Abbreviations: PrEP; preexposure prophylaxis; NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

a Excludes condoms received from friends, relatives, or sex partners.

b Individual-level intervention defined as a one-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV. Group-level intervention defined as a small-group
c
d
e
f
g
h

discussion that is part of an organized session about ways to prevent HIV; excludes informal discussions with friends. Conversations that were part of obtaining an HIV test were excluded.
Ever heard of PrEP, an antiretroviral medicine taken for months or years by a person who is HIV-negative to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
Took PrEP at any point during the 12 months before interview to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a
previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.

Table 8b. Receipt of HIV prevention in the 12 months before interview among men who have sex with men—National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Free condomsa
No.
%

Individual- or group-level
interventionb
No.
%

PrEP awarenessc
No.
%

PrEP used
No.
%

Total No.

HIV-negativee
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
HIV-positivef
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Abbreviations: PrEP; preexposure prophylaxis; NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.

a
b

c
d
e
f

Excludes condoms received from friends, relatives, or sex partners.
Individual-level intervention defined as a one-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV.
Group-level intervention defined as a small-group discussion that is part of an organized session about ways to prevent HIV; excludes informal discussions with friends.
Conversations that were part of obtaining an HIV test were excluded.
Ever heard of PrEP, an antiretroviral medicine taken for months or years by a person who is HIV-negative to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
Took PrEP at any point during the 12 months before interview to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.



Table 9. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Diagnosis during the 12 months before interview
a

Any bacterial STI
No.

%

Chlamydia
No.

%

Gonorrhea
No.

%

Diagnosis, ever
Syphilis
No.

Genital warts
%

No.

%

Genital herpes
No.

%

Total No.

HIV-negativeb
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positived
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulte
Total
Abbreviations: STI, sexually transmitted infection; NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a Any bacterial STI includes having received a diagnosis of gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis in the 12 months before interview.
b Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
d

Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

e

Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory test, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result
but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.

Table 10. Drug use in the 12 months before interview and binge drinking in the 30
days before interview among men who have sex with men—National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Used drug
No.

%

HIV-negativea

Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downerc
Ecstasy
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd

HIV-positivee
Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downerc
Ecstasy
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd
No valid NHBS HIV test resultf
Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downerc
Ecstasy
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd
Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Department
of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. Denominator is the total number of participants in the category; HIV-negative participants: n = 7,125; HIVpositive participants: n = 2,174; participants without a valid NHBS HIV test result: n = 805. Responses are not
mutually exclusive; percentages may not add to 100.
a
Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
b Defined as 5 or more drinks at one sitting during the 30 days before interview.
c

Such as Klonopin, Valium, Ativan, or Xanax.

d

Such as OxyContin, Vicodin, morphine, or Percocet.
e Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental
laboratory-based testing.
f

Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not
consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a
previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.

Table 11. Additional outcomes among men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 23 U.S. cities, 2017
Number of male
sex partners

Exchange sexa

Median (Q1–Q3)

No.

Condomless sex with an
HIV-discordant partner at
last sexb

%

No.

%

Total No.

HIV-negativec
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinod
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positivee
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinod
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resultf
Total
Abbreviations: Q, quartile; NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. Unless otherwise stated, outcomes are reported for the 12 months before interview.
a “Exchange sex” refers to giving or receiving money or drugs from a male casual partner in exchange for sex.
b “Condomless sex” refers to whether the participant reported engaging in vaginal or anal sex without a condom during his most recent sexual encounter. “HIV-discordant

partner” refers to a sex partner of different or unknown HIV status.
c Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
d Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
e Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
f Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory

result, discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.

Table 12. Receipt of HIV care and treatment among self-reported HIV-positive men who have sex with men—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance,
23 U.S. cities, 2017
Visited health care provider about HIV
Within a month
after diagnosis

Ever
No.

%

No.

%

During past 6 months
No.

%

Currently taking
antiretrovirals
No.

%

Total No.

Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoa
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
Detroit, MI
Houston, TX
Los Angeles, CA
Memphis, TN
Miami, FL
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
San Juan, PR
Seattle, WA
Virginia Beach, VA
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (footnotes only).
Note. Data include all participants who reported having ever received an HIV-positive test result (which may include those who did not have a valid test result, positive or negative, or
who did not consent to the HIV test). “Past 6 months” refers to the 6 months before interview.
a Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.