Small Grains 2016 Summary

United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service

Small Grains
2016 Summary
September 2016

ISSN: 1949-162X

All wheat production totaled 2.31 billion bushels in 2016, up 12 percent from the revised 2015 total of 2.06 billion
bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 43.9 million acres, down 7 percent from the previous year. The United States
yield is estimated at 52.6 bushels per acre, up 9 bushels from the previous year and represents a new record high. The
levels of production and changes from 2015 by type are winter wheat, 1.67 billion bushels, up 22 percent; other spring
wheat, 534 million bushels, down 11 percent; and Durum wheat, 104 million bushels, up 24 percent.
Oat production is estimated at 64.8 million bushels, down 28 percent from 2015. Yield is estimated at 66.0 bushels per
acre, down 4.2 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 981,000 acres, is 23 percent below last year.
Barley production is estimated at 199 million bushels, down 9 percent from the revised 2015 total of 218 million bushels.
Average yield per acre, at 77.9 bushels, is up 8.8 bushels from the previous year and is the highest yield on record since
estimates began in 1866. Producers seeded 3.05 million acres in 2016, down 16 percent from last year. Harvested area, at
2.56 million acres, is down 19 percent from 2015.

This report was approved on September 30, 2016.

Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Robert Johansson

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons

3

Contents
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016 .......................................... 6
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016 ..................................... 8
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016.............................. 10
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016........................ 12
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016 .............. 14
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016 ....................... 15
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2014-2016 ...................................................................................................... 15
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2015 and 2016............................................................................ 16
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2015 and 2016 .................................. 17
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2012-2016 ................................................................................... 18
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016 ........................................ 19
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic
Units – United States: 2015-2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric
Units – United States: 2015-2016 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

4

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

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Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016
Area planted 1

State

2014

2015

(1,000 acres)

Area harvested
2016

(1,000 acres)

2014

(1,000 acres)

2015

(1,000 acres)

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama .......................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Georgia .........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana 2 ........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................

50
12
120
45
60
70
35
20
145
85

55
11
120
45
65
75
40
15
125
95

50
11
110
55
45
55
45
(NA)
120
120

15
8
10
9
20
15
25
10
55
15

20
8
10
10
25
15
25
5
57
40

20
8
11
10
15
15
20
(NA)
43
30

Maine ............................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
New York ......................
North Carolina ...............
North Dakota .................
Ohio ..............................

32
55
230
25
45
110
55
33
235
50

30
75
280
30
50
135
70
35
275
70

25
65
210
45
60
135
90
35
290
50

31
40
125
13
16
30
40
17
105
35

29
50
160
14
22
40
40
16
140
40

24
30
120
19
28
25
60
9
110
25

Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Texas ............................
Utah 2 ............................
Virginia 2 .......................
Washington ...................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................

60
30
90
21
250
450
20
10
25
255
30

40
35
95
24
325
520
20
12
18
280
23

65
30
85
17
295
470
(NA)
(NA)
18
210
22

10
18
60
10
100
45
3
3
5
140
7

7
11
65
9
145
55
2
4
5
195
12

8
10
50
7
110
60
(NA)
(NA)
7
100
7

United States ................

2,753

3,088

2,828

1,035

1,276

See footnote(s) at end of table.

6

981
--continued

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2014-2016 (continued)
State

Yield
2014

Production

2015

(bushels)

2016

(bushels)

2014

(bushels)

2015

(1,000 bushels)

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama .......................
Arkansas ......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Georgia ........................
Idaho ............................
Illinois ...........................
Indiana 2 .......................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas .........................

65.0
90.0
100.0
60.0
54.0
82.0
80.0
74.0
64.0
56.0

50.0
60.0
60.0
80.0
45.0
86.0
77.0
59.0
73.0
65.0

55.0
73.0
65.0
80.0
58.0
83.0
81.0
(NA)
76.0
57.0

975
720
1,000
540
1,080
1,230
2,000
740
3,520
840

1,000
480
600
800
1,125
1,290
1,925
295
4,161
2,600

1,100
584
715
800
870
1,245
1,620
(NA)
3,268
1,710

Maine ...........................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Missouri ........................
Montana .......................
Nebraska ......................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................

70.0
69.0
63.0
65.0
69.0
80.0
63.0
67.0
73.0
63.0

80.0
67.0
78.0
65.0
53.0
67.0
58.0
66.0
74.0
63.0

71.0
58.0
68.0
60.0
47.0
60.0
55.0
60.0
66.0
74.0

2,170
2,760
7,875
845
1,104
2,400
2,520
1,139
7,665
2,205

2,320
3,350
12,480
910
1,166
2,680
2,320
1,056
10,360
2,520

1,704
1,740
8,160
1,140
1,316
1,500
3,300
540
7,260
1,850

Oklahoma .....................
Oregon .........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Texas ...........................
Utah 2 ...........................
Virginia 2 .......................
Washington ..................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming ......................

38.0
85.0
58.0
62.0
93.0
38.0
69.0
78.0
70.0
62.0
59.0

39.0
88.0
55.0
58.0
87.0
48.0
85.0
76.0
54.0
72.0
60.0

43.0
90.0
67.0
46.0
82.0
50.0
(NA)
(NA)
61.0
66.0
55.0

380
1,530
3,480
620
9,300
1,710
207
234
350
8,680
413

273
968
3,575
522
12,615
2,640
170
304
270
14,040
720

344
900
3,350
322
9,020
3,000
(NA)
(NA)
427
6,600
385

United States ................

67.9

70.2

66.0

70,232

89,535

64,770

(NA) Not available.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2016.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016
State

Area planted 1

Area harvested

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Arizona ................................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Idaho ....................................
Kansas 2 ..............................
Maine 2 .................................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan 2 ............................
Minnesota ............................

36
80
57
41
600
16
13
70
9
75

17
80
65
32
610
13
13
50
11
135

16
80
79
35
600
(NA)
(NA)
50
(NA)
95

32
25
54
31
550
10
12
45
8
60

16
29
63
22
580
8
12
35
6
120

15
55
74
25
580
(NA)
(NA)
34
(NA)
79

Montana ...............................
New York 2 ...........................
North Carolina 2 ...................
North Dakota ........................
Oregon .................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Dakota 2 .....................
Utah .....................................
Virginia .................................
Washington ..........................
Wisconsin 2 ..........................
Wyoming ..............................

920
12
20
620
50
70
28
32
56
115
26
85

990
11
19
1,120
49
55
37
27
46
115
28
100

990
(NA)
(NA)
740
45
55
(NA)
29
33
110
(NA)
95

770
8
15
535
38
50
17
20
28
105
16
68

860
9
14
1,050
37
40
19
16
16
105
15
86

780
(NA)
(NA)
640
32
38
(NA)
19
12
93
(NA)
82

United States .......................

3,031

3,623

3,052

2,497

3,158

See footnote(s) at end of table.

8

2,558
--continued

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2014-2016 (continued)
State

Yield
2014

Production

2015

(bushels)

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Arizona ................................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas 2 ..............................
Maine 2 ................................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan 2 ............................
Minnesota ............................

125.0
73.0
124.0
86.0
94.0
35.0
68.0
77.0
53.0
52.0

120.0
55.0
130.0
80.0
97.0
39.0
85.0
69.0
56.0
77.0

128.0
75.0
129.0
76.0
107.0
(NA)
(NA)
72.0
(NA)
66.0

4,000
1,825
6,696
2,666
51,700
350
816
3,465
424
3,120

1,920
1,595
8,190
1,760
56,260
312
1,020
2,415
336
9,240

1,920
4,125
9,546
1,900
62,060
(NA)
(NA)
2,448
(NA)
5,214

Montana ..............................
New York 2 ...........................
North Carolina 2 ...................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Dakota 2 .....................
Utah .....................................
Virginia ................................
Washington .........................
Wisconsin 2 ..........................
Wyoming .............................

58.0
47.0
71.0
67.0
50.0
71.0
52.0
83.0
79.0
60.0
47.0
107.0

52.0
45.0
72.0
64.0
52.0
65.0
37.0
84.0
75.0
48.0
55.0
95.0

60.0
(NA)
(NA)
67.0
67.0
75.0
(NA)
82.0
67.0
77.0
(NA)
96.0

44,660
376
1,065
35,845
1,900
3,550
884
1,660
2,212
6,300
752
7,276

44,720
405
1,008
67,200
1,924
2,600
703
1,344
1,200
5,040
825
8,170

46,800
(NA)
(NA)
42,880
2,144
2,850
(NA)
1,558
804
7,161
(NA)
7,872

United States .......................

72.7

69.1

77.9

181,542

218,187

199,282

(NA) Not available.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2016.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016
Area planted 1

State

Area harvested

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama .......................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Delaware ......................
Florida ...........................
Georgia .........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................

255
85
465
530
2,759
80
15
300
1,271
740

260
160
350
520
2,458
70
25
215
1,220
540

230
111
195
480
2,361
70
25
180
1,180
520

225
83
395
220
2,358
75
10
230
1,196
670

220
152
240
235
2,197
65
15
145
1,155
520

170
103
115
217
2,200
65
17
110
1,115
470

Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maryland .......................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................

390
26
9,600
630
160
340
550
1,262
230
880

290
20
9,200
560
110
355
510
1,532
150
760

330
25
8,500
510
25
360
610
1,321
65
690

335
15
8,800
510
150
250
470
1,212
215
740

260
15
8,700
440
92
270
475
1,473
120
610

280
17
8,200
400
20
260
570
1,268
50
570

Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ...............
North Dakota .................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................

5,985
1,550
21
33
380
120
830
7,960
620
5,300

5,620
1,490
12
27
385
120
650
7,990
520
5,300

5,180
1,370
15
25
340
120
420
7,590
580
5,000

5,650
1,450
10
25
105
95
770
7,490
545
2,800

5,365
1,210
8
20
190
110
570
7,915
480
3,800

5,025
1,310
9
21
205
115
355
7,410
560
3,500

Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia .................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................

830
185
230
2,514
530
6,000
130
290
2,320
10
295
140

835
195
170
2,756
455
6,100
135
260
2,290
9
230
145

810
190
60
2,270
400
5,000
129
210
2,240
7
270
140

818
150
220
2,364
475
2,250
117
260
2,250
7
250
125

828
175
160
2,236
395
3,550
128
210
2,225
4
210
130

797
150
50
2,157
335
2,800
120
175
2,200
4
250
125

United States ................

56,841

54,999

50,154

46,385

47,318

See footnote(s) at end of table.

10

43,890
--continued

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2014-2016 (continued)
State

Yield
2014

Production

2015

(bushels)

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama .......................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas ......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Delaware ......................
Florida ..........................
Georgia ........................
Idaho ............................
Illinois ...........................

69.0
110.1
63.0
83.4
38.1
72.0
39.0
49.0
78.4
67.0

68.0
101.0
56.0
79.1
37.1
65.0
43.0
43.0
77.4
65.0

70.0
97.8
54.0
79.7
48.2
67.0
30.0
46.0
91.3
74.0

15,525
9,136
24,885
18,350
89,812
5,400
390
11,270
93,717
44,890

14,960
15,356
13,440
18,595
81,485
4,225
645
6,235
89,370
33,800

11,900
10,073
6,210
17,302
106,000
4,355
510
5,060
101,855
34,780

Indiana .........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas .........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maryland .......................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................

76.0
49.0
28.0
71.0
62.0
70.0
74.0
54.8
58.0
58.0

68.0
52.0
37.0
73.0
39.0
64.0
81.0
59.9
48.0
53.0

81.0
63.0
57.0
80.0
45.0
64.0
89.0
59.0
48.0
70.0

25,460
735
246,400
36,210
9,300
17,500
34,780
66,468
12,470
42,920

17,680
780
321,900
32,120
3,588
17,280
38,475
88,294
5,760
32,330

22,680
1,071
467,400
32,000
900
16,640
50,730
74,828
2,400
39,900

Montana .......................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................

37.1
49.0
105.0
53.0
28.0
63.0
58.0
46.3
74.0
17.0

35.1
38.0
81.3
50.0
25.0
63.0
53.0
46.7
67.0
26.0

42.3
54.0
72.3
64.0
22.0
74.0
41.0
45.0
80.0
39.0

209,470
71,050
1,050
1,325
2,940
5,985
44,660
347,068
40,330
47,600

188,515
45,980
650
1,000
4,750
6,930
30,210
370,023
32,160
98,800

212,675
70,740
651
1,344
4,510
8,510
14,555
333,180
44,800
136,500

Oregon .........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ...........................
Utah ..............................
Virginia .........................
Washington ..................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming ......................

54.3
65.0
52.0
55.5
66.0
30.0
50.3
68.0
48.2
64.0
65.0
38.0

47.3
65.0
46.0
46.2
68.0
30.0
48.5
66.0
50.3
60.0
74.0
32.0

50.1
68.0
43.0
51.6
73.0
32.0
59.9
53.0
71.5
61.0
79.0
34.0

44,444
9,750
11,440
131,260
31,350
67,500
5,882
17,680
108,460
448
16,250
4,750

39,195
11,375
7,360
103,406
26,860
106,500
6,207
13,860
111,900
240
15,540
4,160

39,937
10,200
2,150
111,281
24,455
89,600
7,184
9,275
157,290
244
19,750
4,250

United States ................

43.7

43.6

52.6

2,026,310

2,061,939

2,309,675

1

Includes area planted in preceding fall.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2014-2016
Area planted 1

State

2014

2015

(1,000 acres)

Area harvested
2016

(1,000 acres)

2014

(1,000 acres)

2015

(1,000 acres)

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama .......................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Delaware ......................
Florida ...........................
Georgia .........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................

255
8
465
490
2,750
80
15
300
780
740

260
5
350
450
2,450
70
25
215
760
540

230
14
195
425
2,350
70
25
180
760
520

225
7
395
190
2,350
75
10
230
730
670

220
2
240
170
2,190
65
15
145
710
520

170
7
115
170
2,190
65
17
110
710
470

Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maryland .......................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................

390
26
9,600
630
160
340
550
42
230
880

290
20
9,200
560
110
355
510
52
150
760

330
25
8,500
510
25
360
610
11
65
690

335
15
8,800
510
150
250
470
32
215
740

260
15
8,700
440
92
270
475
43
120
610

280
17
8,200
400
20
260
570
8
50
570

Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ...............
North Dakota .................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................

2,500
1,550
15
33
380
120
830
870
620
5,300

2,350
1,490
8
27
385
120
650
200
520
5,300

2,250
1,370
10
25
340
120
420
130
580
5,000

2,240
1,450
9
25
105
95
770
555
545
2,800

2,220
1,210
6
20
190
110
570
190
480
3,800

2,150
1,310
6
21
205
115
355
120
560
3,500

Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia .................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................

750
185
230
1,210
530
6,000
120
290
1,700
10
295
140

740
195
170
1,420
455
6,100
125
260
1,650
9
230
145

720
190
60
1,180
400
5,000
120
210
1,700
7
270
140

740
150
220
1,080
475
2,250
109
260
1,640
7
250
125

735
175
160
970
395
3,550
119
210
1,590
4
210
130

710
150
50
1,100
335
2,800
112
175
1,670
4
250
125

United States ................

42,409

39,681

36,137

32,299

32,346

See footnote(s) at end of table.

12

30,222
--continued

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2014-2016 (continued)
State

Yield
2014

Production

2015

(bushels)

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama .......................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas ......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Delaware ......................
Florida ..........................
Georgia ........................
Idaho ............................
Illinois ...........................

69.0
100.0
63.0
80.0
38.0
72.0
39.0
49.0
80.0
67.0

68.0
103.0
56.0
70.0
37.0
65.0
43.0
43.0
82.0
65.0

70.0
95.0
54.0
78.0
48.0
67.0
30.0
46.0
94.0
74.0

15,525
700
24,885
15,200
89,300
5,400
390
11,270
58,400
44,890

14,960
206
13,440
11,900
81,030
4,225
645
6,235
58,220
33,800

11,900
665
6,210
13,260
105,120
4,355
510
5,060
66,740
34,780

Indiana .........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas .........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maryland .......................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................

76.0
49.0
28.0
71.0
62.0
70.0
74.0
49.0
58.0
58.0

68.0
52.0
37.0
73.0
39.0
64.0
81.0
58.0
48.0
53.0

81.0
63.0
57.0
80.0
45.0
64.0
89.0
61.0
48.0
70.0

25,460
735
246,400
36,210
9,300
17,500
34,780
1,568
12,470
42,920

17,680
780
321,900
32,120
3,588
17,280
38,475
2,494
5,760
32,330

22,680
1,071
467,400
32,000
900
16,640
50,730
488
2,400
39,900

Montana .......................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................

41.0
49.0
110.0
53.0
28.0
63.0
58.0
49.0
74.0
17.0

41.0
38.0
90.0
50.0
25.0
63.0
53.0
44.0
67.0
26.0

49.0
54.0
75.0
64.0
22.0
74.0
41.0
48.0
80.0
39.0

91,840
71,050
990
1,325
2,940
5,985
44,660
27,195
40,330
47,600

91,020
45,980
540
1,000
4,750
6,930
30,210
8,360
32,160
98,800

105,350
70,740
450
1,344
4,510
8,510
14,555
5,760
44,800
136,500

Oregon .........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ...........................
Utah ..............................
Virginia .........................
Washington ..................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming ......................

55.0
65.0
52.0
55.0
66.0
30.0
50.0
68.0
52.0
64.0
65.0
38.0

47.0
65.0
46.0
44.0
68.0
30.0
48.0
66.0
56.0
60.0
74.0
32.0

50.0
68.0
43.0
58.0
73.0
32.0
60.0
53.0
78.0
61.0
79.0
34.0

40,700
9,750
11,440
59,400
31,350
67,500
5,450
17,680
85,280
448
16,250
4,750

34,545
11,375
7,360
42,680
26,860
106,500
5,712
13,860
89,040
240
15,540
4,160

35,500
10,200
2,150
63,800
24,455
89,600
6,720
9,275
130,260
244
19,750
4,250

United States ................

42.6

42.5

55.3

1,377,216

1,374,690

1,671,532

1

Includes area planted in preceding fall.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2014-2016
State

Area planted
2014

2015

(1,000 acres)
Colorado .....................
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
Nevada .......................
North Dakota ...............
Oregon ........................
South Dakota ..............
Utah ............................
Washington .................

9
480
1,220
3,050
6
6,250
80
1,300
10
620

United States ..............

13,025

State

Area harvested
2016

(1,000 acres)

2014

(1,000 acres)

2015

(1,000 acres)

8
450
1,480
2,650
4
6,700
95
1,330
10
640

11
410
1,310
2,150
5
6,000
90
1,080
9
540

8
455
1,180
2,980
1
6,140
78
1,280
8
610

13,367

11,605

12,740

Yield

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

7
435
1,430
2,540
2
6,650
93
1,260
9
635

10
395
1,260
2,110
3
5,850
87
1,050
8
530

13,061

11,303

Production

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Colorado .....................
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
Nevada .......................
North Dakota ...............
Oregon ........................
South Dakota ..............
Utah ............................
Washington .................

64.0
76.0
55.0
35.0
60.0
47.5
48.0
56.0
54.0
38.0

65.0
70.0
60.0
31.0
55.0
48.0
50.0
48.0
55.0
36.0

88.0
87.0
59.0
36.0
67.0
46.0
51.0
45.0
58.0
51.0

512
34,580
64,900
104,300
60
291,650
3,744
71,680
432
23,180

455
30,450
85,800
78,740
110
319,200
4,650
60,480
495
22,860

880
34,365
74,340
75,960
201
269,100
4,437
47,250
464
27,030

United States ..............

46.7

46.2

47.2

595,038

603,240

534,027

14

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2014-2016
Area planted

State

2014

2015

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Arizona .......................
California ....................
Idaho ..........................
Montana .....................
North Dakota ..............
South Dakota ..............

77
40
11
435
840
4

United States ..............

1,407

State

Area harvested
2016

2014

(1,000 acres)

2015

(1,000 acres)

155
70
10
620
1,090
6

97
55
10
780
1,460
10

76
30
11
430
795
4

1,951

2,412

1,346

Yield
2014

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

150
65
10
605
1,075
6

96
47
10
765
1,440
7

1,911

2,365

Production

2015

(bushels)

2016

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Arizona .......................
California ....................
Idaho ..........................
Montana .....................
North Dakota ..............
South Dakota ..............

111.0
105.0
67.0
31.0
35.5
45.0

101.0
103.0
70.0
31.0
39.5
41.0

98.0
86.0
75.0
41.0
40.5
33.0

8,436
3,150
737
13,330
28,223
180

15,150
6,695
700
18,755
42,463
246

9,408
4,042
750
31,365
58,320
231

United States ..............

40.2

44.0

44.0

54,056

84,009

104,116

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2014-2016
[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data]
Crop

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Winter
Hard red ..............................
Soft red ................................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................

738,650
454,531
11,546
172,489

830,446
359,054
16,109
169,081

1,081,690
345,230
25,476
219,136

Spring
Hard red ..............................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................
Durum .................................

555,543
8,943
30,552
54,056

567,637
5,649
29,954
84,009

493,125
7,539
33,363
104,116

Total ....................................

2,026,310

2,061,939

2,309,675

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Wheat Class Percentage Estimates
The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These
estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used
during the 2017 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State’s normal distribution, then
updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class.
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2015 and 2016
State

Hard red

Soft red

Hard white

Soft white

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Alabama .......................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Delaware ......................
Florida ...........................
Georgia .........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................

99
89
95
15
25
-

1
98
89
93
2
22
-

100
100
100
83
100
100

99
100
100
95
100
100

1
7
5
2
-

2
6
7
1
-

4
75
-

5
2
78
-

Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maryland .......................
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................

56
97
99
2
2

65
97
100
4
1

100
42
100
99
100
65
98
98

100
34
100
100
100
60
96
99

1
3
1
-

3
-

1
1
35
-

1
40
-

Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ...............
North Dakota .................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................

100
97
71
99
3
100
99

100
96
36
99
3
100
99

100
92
100
100
1

100
92
100
100
1

3
-

4
1
1
-

29
1
5
-

64
4
-

Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia .................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................

5
1
100
93
75
14
4
4
98

7
100
97
75
15
3
4
94

98
100
100
7
100
95
96
-

99
99
100
3
100
96
96
-

1
2

1
6

95
1
24
86
1
-

93
1
1
24
85
1
-

- Represents zero.

16

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2015 and 2016
State

Colorado .......................
Idaho ............................
Minnesota .....................
Montana .......................
Nevada .........................
North Dakota ................
Oregon .........................
South Dakota ................
Utah ..............................
Washington ..................

Hard red

Hard white

Soft white

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

50
44
100
100
100
38
100
51
34

69
42
100
100
100
40
100
43
35

40
17
1
3
1

17
21
36
1
12
-

10
39
100
61
46
65

14
37
64
59
45
65

- Represents zero.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Winter Wheat Head Population
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during
2016. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2012-2016
State

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

Colorado
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

41.0
41.0
41.0

32.1
31.9
31.9

42.4
43.2
43.4

51.1
49.3
49.3

43.0
43.6
43.6

Illinois
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

56.5
56.5
56.5

60.9
61.2
61.2

63.5
63.7
63.7

56.7
56.9
56.9

57.4
57.3
57.3

Kansas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

46.5
46.7
46.7

50.4
50.4
50.4

36.4
36.4
36.4

43.1
43.1
43.1

54.7
54.7
54.7

Missouri
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

49.9
49.9
49.9

54.6
55.8
55.8

51.2
50.9
50.9

52.5
52.5
52.5

53.7
53.7
53.7

Montana
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

44.1
44.7
45.0

43.7
45.1
45.1

43.4
44.2
44.2

48.9
47.7
47.7

54.6
55.2
55.2

Nebraska
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

50.7
50.7
50.7

38.5
38.8
38.8

48.2
48.2
48.2

47.9
47.6
47.6

60.2
60.3
60.3

Ohio
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

58.3
58.3
58.3

53.0
54.0
54.0

58.8
58.4
58.4

51.0
51.2
51.2

58.0
58.0
58.0

Oklahoma
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

47.7
47.7
47.7

51.7
51.7
51.7

34.9
34.9
34.9

39.6
39.4
39.4

41.8
41.8
41.8

Texas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

34.3
34.3
34.3

33.3
33.3
33.0

32.8
32.8
33.1

34.3
34.3
34.2

34.4
34.4
34.5

Washington
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

37.3
36.6
36.9

38.0
38.6
38.6

32.3
32.1
32.3

31.3
31.3
31.3

36.1
35.3
35.5

10 State
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

44.8
44.9
44.9

46.4
46.6
46.6

39.5
39.6
39.5

42.8
42.4
42.4

48.3
48.4
48.4

18

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2014-2016
State

Area planted 1

Area harvested

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Georgia ..............................
Oklahoma ...........................

170
240

210
250

200
260

20
55

30
85

30
75

Other States 2 .....................

1,024

1,124

1,431

183

250

309

United States ......................

1,434

1,584

1,891

258

365

414

State

Yield

Production

2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

(bushels)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Georgia ..............................
Oklahoma ...........................

27.0
9.0

14.0
24.0

21.0
25.0

540
495

420
2,040

630
1,875

Other States 2 .....................

33.6

36.6

35.4

6,154

9,156

10,946

United States ......................

27.9

31.8

32.5

7,189

11,616

13,451

1

Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
For 2015, Other States include: Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. For 2016, Other States include: Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota,
Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units –
United States: 2015-2016
Crop

Area planted
2015
(1,000 acres)

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop

Area harvested
2016

2015

(1,000 acres)
3,623
3,088
1,584
54,999
39,681
1,951
13,367

2016

(1,000 acres)
3,052
2,828
1,891
50,154
36,137
2,412
11,605

(1,000 acres)
3,158
1,276
365
47,318
32,346
1,911
13,061

Yield per acre
2015

Production
2016

(bushels)
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................

2,558
981
414
43,890
30,222
2,365
11,303

2015

(bushels)
69.1
70.2
31.8
43.6
42.5
44.0
46.2

2016

(1,000 bushels)
77.9
66.0
32.5
52.6
55.3
44.0
47.2

(1,000 bushels)

218,187
89,535
11,616
2,061,939
1,374,690
84,009
603,240

199,282
64,770
13,451
2,309,675
1,671,532
104,116
534,027

Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2015-2016
Crop

Area planted
2015

2016

2015

2016

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................

20

Area harvested

1,466,190
1,249,680
641,030
22,257,550
16,058,500
789,550
5,409,490

1,235,110
1,144,460
765,270
20,296,820
14,624,280
976,110
4,696,430

1,278,010
516,380
147,710
19,149,120
13,090,100
773,360
5,285,660

Yield per hectare

1,035,200
397,000
167,540
17,761,840
12,230,540
957,090
4,574,210

Production

2015

2016

2015

2016

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

3.72
2.52
2.00
2.93
2.86
2.96
3.11

4.19
2.37
2.04
3.54
3.72
2.96
3.18

4,750,460
1,299,600
295,060
56,116,780
37,412,930
2,286,350
16,417,500

4,338,850
940,130
341,670
62,859,050
45,491,650
2,833,570
14,533,830

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Comments
Oats: Production in 2016 is estimated at 64.8 million bushels, down 28 percent from 2015. Yield is estimated at
66.0 bushels per acre, down 4.2 bushels from the previous year. Harvested area, at 981,000 acres, is 23 percent below the
previous year. Record low acres were harvested in Georgia, Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania,
South Carolina, and Wisconsin.
The largest decreases in production from 2015 occurred in the upper Midwest where yields in Minnesota, North Dakota,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin were down from record or near record yields of the previous year. Despite dry conditions in
many parts of New York, increased acreage led to a production increase of nearly 1 million bushels in the State. A record
high yield is estimated in Colorado.
Nationally, oat producers had seeded 29 percent of this year’s crop by April 3, six percentage points behind the 5-year
average. At the beginning of April, oat planting progress was at or behind the 5-year average in all estimating States
except Pennsylvania. By May 1, oat producers had sown 78 percent of the Nation’s crop, 13 percentage points ahead of
the 5-year average, and 56 percent of the oat crop had emerged, 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Iowa,
Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota reported emergence progress more than 20 percentage points ahead of their
respective 5-year averages by the beginning of May. By the end of May, 30 percent of the oat crop was at or beyond the
heading stage, slightly ahead of last year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of this year’s oat
crop advanced to 92 percent complete by July 3, three percentage points ahead of last year and 12 percentage points ahead
of the 5-year average. By the beginning of July, oat heading progress was 46 percentage points ahead of the 5-year
average in North Dakota and 23 percentage points ahead in Minnesota. Oat producers had harvested 53 percent of this
year’s crop by July 31, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Harvest progress was at or ahead of the 5-year average by the end of July in all estimating States except Nebraska and
Pennsylvania. Ninety-five percent of the Nation’s oat crop was harvested by August 28, slightly ahead of last year and
6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Beginning in 2016, oat estimates were discontinued in Indiana, Utah, and Virginia.
Barley: Production is estimated at 199 million bushels, down 9 percent from the revised 2015 total of 218 million
bushels. Average yield per acre, at 77.9 bushels, is up 8.8 bushels from the previous year and is the highest yield on record
since estimates began in 1866. Producers seeded 3.05 million acres in 2016, down 16 percent from last year. Harvested
area, at 2.56 million acres, is down 19 percent from 2015.
Six percent of the Nation’s barley was planted by April 3, slightly behind the 5-year average. Planting progress was well
behind the historical pace in Idaho at this time with 6 percent planted, 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Nationwide, barley producers had seeded 57 percent of the Nation’s crop by May 1, thirteen percentage points behind last
year but 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By the beginning of May, emergence was evident in 29 percent
of the Nation’s barley acreage, 4 percentage points behind last year but 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Nationwide, 97 percent of the barley crop was sown by May 29, three percentage points behind last year but 9 percentage
points ahead of the 5-year average. Eighty-eight percent of the barley crop had emerged by May 29, four percentage
points behind last year but 19 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation’s barley crop
advanced to 72 percent complete by July 3, six percentage points behind last year but 24 percentage points ahead of the
5-year average. Dry weather aided crop maturation in North Dakota at end of June, with barley heading advancing to
90 percent complete, 53 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, three-quarters of the barley was reported
in good to excellent condition on July 3, compared with 73 percent at the same time last year. By July 31, barley
producers had harvested 11 percent of the Nation’s crop, 3 percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points
ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 71 percent of the barley was reported in good to excellent condition on August 14,
compared with 65 percent at the same time last year. By September 11, barley producers had harvested 95 percent of this
year’s crop, 3 percentage points behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Beginning in 2016, barley estimates were discontinued in Kansas, Maine, Michigan, New York, North Carolina,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2016 totaled 1.67 billion bushels, up 22 percent from the revised 2015 total
of 1.37 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 55.3 bushels per acre, is up 12.8 bushels from 2015 and represents a
new record high. Area harvested for grain is estimated at 30.2 million acres, down 7 percent from the previous year.
Record high yields are estimated in Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and
Wisconsin for 2016.
Harvested acreage was down from 2015 in most of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) growing States, the primary wheat
producing area. However, HRW production totaled 1.08 billion bushels, up 30 percent from 2015 due to the higher yields
in 2016 compared with 2015.
In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage decreases from 2015 were experienced
throughout most of the region. SRW production totaled 345 million bushels, down 4 percent from 2015.
White winter production totaled 245 million bushels, up 32 from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the Pacific
Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up 2 percent from 2015. Yields were up from last year in Idaho and
Washington.
Other spring wheat: Production for 2016 is estimated at 534 million bushels, down 11 percent from the revised 2015
total of 603 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 11.3 million acres, down 13 percent from 2015. The United States
yield is estimated at 47.2 bushels per acre, 1 bushel higher than the 2015 average yield and represents a new record high.
Of the total production, 493 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, down 13 percent from 2015. A record high yield
is estimated in Idaho for 2016.
By May 8, producers had sown 77 percent of the spring wheat crop, 7 percentage points behind the previous year but
26 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Favorable field conditions aided planting progress which remained
ahead of the 5-year average pace throughout the spring. Nationally, producers had sown 95 percent of the spring wheat
crop by May 22, equal to the previous year but 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of
the spring wheat was at or beyond the heading stage by July 3, six percentage points ahead of the previous year and
29 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Spring wheat development ran well ahead of normal in the
Pacific Northwest and Northern Great Plains in 2016. Nationally, 91 percent of the spring wheat crop was harvested by
September 4, one percentage point behind the previous year but 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Durum wheat: Production for 2016 is estimated at 104 million bushels, up 24 percent from the revised 2015 total of
84.0 million bushels. Grain area harvested totaled 2.37 million acres, up 24 percent from the previous year. The
United States yield is estimated at a record high of 44.0 bushels per acre, equal to the 2015 average yield. Production in
North Dakota, the largest Durum-producing State, is up 37 percent from 2015. Durum wheat production in Montana for
2016 represents a record high for the State. Record high yields are estimated in both Montana and North Dakota for 2016.
Favorable conditions throughout the growing season advanced crop development ahead of normal in Montana and
North Dakota, the two largest Durum-producing States. As a result, harvest progress in these two States as of
September 4, was well ahead of the 5-year average pace.
Rye: Production for 2016 is estimated at 13.5 million bushels, up 16 percent from the revised 2015 total of 11.6 million
bushels. Harvested area totaled 1.89 million acres, up 307,000 acres from 2015. The United States yield, at 32.5 bushels
per acre, is up 0.7 bushel from the previous year.
Estimates began in 2016 for Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia.

22

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology
Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain
acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for over 73 percent
of the 2016 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to
randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number
of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each
month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the
sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss.
Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop
acreage, yield and production for the 2016 crop year. Approximately 66,400 producers were interviewed during the first
two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production.
Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written
analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and
the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report.
Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report
published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates
can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would
justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No
revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to
sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer
survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield
indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample.
The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are
not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is
approximately 1.7 percent for winter wheat, 5.5 percent for Durum wheat, and 3.0 percent for other spring wheat. This
means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus
3.4 percent for winter wheat, 11.0 percent for Durum wheat, and 6.0 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could
be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and
surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 3.6, 5.6, and 4.4 percent,
respectively.
Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are
minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Bianca Pruneda – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ..................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Tony Dahlman – Oats, Soybeans ..................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Scott Matthews – Crop Weather, Barley .......................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Bianca Pruneda – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369

24

Small Grains 2016 Summary (September 2016)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
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For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].

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USDA NASS Data Users’ Meeting
Tuesday, October 18, 2016
Embassy Suites by Hilton Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile
511 North Columbus Drive
Chicago, IL 60611
312-836-5900

USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service will hold an open forum for
users of U.S. domestic and international agriculture data. NASS is organizing
the 2016 Data Users’ Meeting in cooperation with five other USDA agencies –
Agricultural Marketing Service, Economic Research Service, Farm Service
Agency, Foreign Agricultural Service, and World Agricultural Outlook Board –
and the Census Bureau’s Foreign Trade Division. Agency representatives will
provide updates on recent and pending changes in statistical and information
programs important to agriculture, answer questions, and welcome comments
and input from data users.
For registration details or additional information about the Data Users’
Meeting, see the meeting page on the NASS website
(https://www.nass.usda.gov/Education_and_Outreach/Meeting/index.php). Or
contact Tina Hall (NASS) at 202-720-3896 or at [email protected].
The Data Users’ Meeting precedes the Industry Outlook Conference at the same
location on Wednesday, October 19, 2016. The outlook meeting brings together
analysts from various commodity sectors to discuss developments and
trends. For registration details or additional information about the Industry
Outlook Conference, see the conference page on the LMIC website
(http://lmic.info/page/meetings). Or contact James Robb at (303) 716-9933.