Crop Production - Publication

Crop Production
ISSN: 1936-3737

Released March 9, 2017, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

Orange Production Down 3 Percent from February

The United States all orange forecast for the 2016-2017 season is 5.16 million tons, down 3 percent from last month and
down 13 percent from the 2015-2016 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 67.0 million boxes
(3.02 million tons), is down 4 percent from last month and down 18 percent from last season’s final utilization. Early,
midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 33.0 million boxes (1.49 million tons), down 6 percent from last
month and down 9 percent from last season’s final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 34.0 million boxes
(1.53 million tons), is down 3 percent from last month and down 25 percent from last season’s final utilization.
The California Valencia orange forecast is 7.80 million boxes (312,000 tons), down 13 percent from previous forecast and
down 10 percent from the previous season. This results in a California all orange forecast of 51.8 million boxes
(2.07 million tons), down 2 percent from the previous forecast and down 4 percent from last season’s final utilization.
Objective survey measurements taken during January and February indicated that fruit set per tree was lower than the
previous year and the lowest since 2009, but the measured average fruit size was slightly above the previous year. The
forecast for Texas is carried forward from the previous forecast.
Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2016-2017 season is 1.43 gallons per box at
42.0 degrees Brix, unchanged from last month but up 1 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.41 gallons per box. The
early and midseason portion is projected at 1.34 gallons per box, unchanged from last month but down 1 percent from last
season’s final yield of 1.35 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.54 gallons per box, unchanged from
last month but up 5 percent from last year’s final yield of 1.47 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the
processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons.

This report was approved on March 9, 2017.

Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Michael L. Young

2

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents
Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Use – States and United States: 2015 and 2016 ................................ 4
Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2015-2016 and Forecasted
March 1, 2017 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2016 and 2017 ..................... 6
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2016 and 2017 ......................... 8
Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2016 and 2017 .................................................................. 10
Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2016 and 2017 ....................................................................... 11
Percent of Normal Precipitation Map ................................................................................................................................... 12
Departure from Normal Temperature Map ........................................................................................................................... 12
February Weather Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 13
February Agricultural Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 17

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Use – States and United States: 2015 and 2016
Use and State

Yield per acre 1

Area harvested

Production 1

2015

2016

2015

2016

2015

2016

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(tons)

(tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

For sugar
Florida .........................................................
Hawaii .........................................................
Louisiana ....................................................
Texas ..........................................................

398.0
12.9
385.0
35.2

400.0
15.5
400.0
37.7

42.5
88.3
29.6
31.4

40.3
86.2
28.8
37.0

16,915
1,139
11,396
1,105

16,120
1,336
11,520
1,395

United States ..............................................

831.1

853.2

36.8

35.6

30,555

30,371

For seed
Florida .........................................................
Hawaii .........................................................
Louisiana ....................................................
Texas ..........................................................

15.0
2.2
25.0
1.4

17.0
31.0
1.9

49.2
20.0
29.6
32.1

46.1
28.8
37.0

738
44
740
45

784
893
70

United States ..............................................

43.6

49.9

35.9

35.0

1,567

1,747

For sugar and seed
Florida .........................................................
Hawaii .........................................................
Louisiana ....................................................
Texas ..........................................................

413.0
15.1
410.0
36.6

417.0
15.5
431.0
39.6

42.7
78.3
29.6
31.4

40.5
86.2
28.8
37.0

17,653
1,183
12,136
1,150

16,904
1,336
12,413
1,465

United States ..............................................

874.7

903.1

36.7

35.6

32,122

32,118

- Represents zero.
1
Net tons.

4

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2015-2016 and
Forecasted March 1, 2017
[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]
Crop and State

Utilized production boxes

1

Utilized production ton equivalent 2

2015-2016

2016-2017

2015-2016

2016-2017

(1,000 boxes)

(1,000 boxes)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

Oranges
California, all .........................................
Early, mid, and Navel 3 4 .....................
Valencia ..............................................

54,200
45,500
8,700

51,800
44,000
7,800

2,168
1,820
348

2,072
1,760
312

Florida, all .............................................
Early, mid, and Navel 4 .......................
Valencia ..............................................

81,600
36,100
45,500

67,000
33,000
34,000

3,672
1,625
2,047

3,015
1,485
1,530

Texas, all 3 ............................................
Early, mid, and Navel 4 .......................
Valencia ..............................................

1,691
1,351
340

1,800
1,450
350

72
57
14

77
62
15

United States, all ..................................
Early, mid, and Navel 4 .......................
Valencia ..............................................

137,491
82,951
54,540

120,600
78,450
42,150

5,911
3,502
2,409

5,164
3,307
1,857

Grapefruit
California 3 ............................................
Florida, all .............................................
Red .....................................................
White ..................................................
Texas 3 .................................................

3,800
10,800
8,310
2,490
4,800

4,100
8,900
7,200
1,700
5,300

152
459
353
106
192

164
378
306
72
212

United States ........................................

19,400

18,300

803

754

Tangerines and mandarins 5
California 3 ............................................
Florida 6 ................................................

21,700
1,415

23,000
1,490

868
67

920
70

United States ........................................

23,115

24,490

935

990

Lemons
Arizona .................................................
California ..............................................

1,750
20,500

1,550
20,000

70
820

62
800

United States ........................................

22,250

21,550

890

862

Tangelos 7
Florida ..................................................

390

(NA)

18

(NA)

3

(NA) Not available.
1
Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in
California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80; tangelos-90.
2
Totals may not add due to rounding.
3
Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.
4
Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. For 2015-2016 included
small quantities of Temples in Florida. Beginning in 2016-2017 Temples included in tangerines and mandarins.
5
Includes tangelos and tangors.
6
Small quantities of Temples in Florida.
7
Beginning in 2016-2017, tangelos are included in tangerines and mandarins for Florida.

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2016 and 2017
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2016

2017

2016

2017

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Grains and hay
Barley ..............................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 .................................................................................
Corn for silage .................................................................................
Hay, all .............................................................................................
Alfalfa ...........................................................................................
All other ........................................................................................
Oats .................................................................................................
Proso millet ......................................................................................
Rice .................................................................................................
Rye ..................................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 ..........................................................................
Sorghum for silage ...........................................................................
Wheat, all .........................................................................................
Winter ..........................................................................................
Durum ..........................................................................................
Other spring .................................................................................

3,052
94,004
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,828
443
3,150
1,891
6,690
(NA)
50,154
36,137
2,412
11,605

Oilseeds
Canola .............................................................................................
Cottonseed ......................................................................................
Flaxseed ..........................................................................................
Mustard seed ...................................................................................
Peanuts ...........................................................................................
Rapeseed ........................................................................................
Safflower ..........................................................................................
Soybeans for beans .........................................................................
Sunflower .........................................................................................

1,714.0
(X)
374
103.1
1,671.0
11.0
161.1
83,433
1,596.6

1,685.7
(X)
367
98.2
1,547.0
10.5
154.4
82,736
1,534.0

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all ........................................................................................
Upland .........................................................................................
American Pima .............................................................................
Sugarbeets ......................................................................................
Sugarcane .......................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................

10,074.5
9,880.0
194.5
1,163.4
(NA)
(NA)

9,521.7
9,332.0
189.7
1,126.2
903.1
319.7

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ........................................................................
Dry edible beans ..............................................................................
Chickpeas, all ...............................................................................
Large .........................................................................................
Small ..........................................................................................
Dry edible peas ................................................................................
Lentils ..............................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas .........................................................................

38.0
1,662.0
325.3
211.5
113.8
1,382.0
933.0
(NA)

28.0
1,558.6
320.0
209.2
110.8
1,329.8
908.0
(NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ................................................................................................
Maple syrup .....................................................................................
Mushrooms ......................................................................................
Peppermint oil ..................................................................................
Potatoes, all .....................................................................................
Spring ..........................................................................................
Summer .......................................................................................
Fall ...............................................................................................
Spearmint oil ....................................................................................
Sweet potatoes ................................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ...................................................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,034.0
51.0
62.2
920.8
(NA)
168.1
(NA)

50.9
(NA)
(NA)
65.3
1,007.7
48.0
60.7
899.0
24.5
163.3
(D)

See footnote(s) at end of table.

6

32,383

2,558
86,748
6,186
53,461
16,885
36,576
981
413
3,097
414
6,163
298
43,890
30,222
2,365
11,303

--continued

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2016 and 2017 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per acre
2016

Production
2017

2016

2017

(1,000)

(1,000)

Grains and hay
Barley ................................................................................... bushels
Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels
Corn for silage ............................................................................ tons
Hay, all ....................................................................................... tons
Alfalfa ..................................................................................... tons
All other .................................................................................. tons
Oats ...................................................................................... bushels
Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels
Rice 2 ........................................................................................... cwt
Rye ....................................................................................... bushels
Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels
Sorghum for silage ...................................................................... tons
Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels
Winter ............................................................................... bushels
Durum ............................................................................... bushels
Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

77.9
174.6
20.3
2.52
3.45
2.09
66.0
30.4
7,237
32.5
77.9
14.0
52.6
55.3
44.0
47.2

199,282
15,148,038
125,670
134,781
58,263
76,518
64,770
12,558
224,145
13,451
480,261
4,171
2,309,675
1,671,532
104,116
534,027

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................... pounds
Cottonseed ................................................................................. tons
Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels
Mustard seed ......................................................................... pounds
Peanuts ................................................................................. pounds
Rapeseed .............................................................................. pounds
Safflower ............................................................................... pounds
Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels
Sunflower .............................................................................. pounds

1,824
(X)
23.7
980
3,675
1,840
1,425
52.1
1,731

3,075,200
5,418.0
8,680
96,270
5,684,610
19,320
220,090
4,306,671
2,654,735

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ............................................................................... bales
Upland 2 ................................................................................ bales
American Pima 2 ................................................................... bales
Sugarbeets ................................................................................. tons
Sugarcane .................................................................................. tons
Tobacco ................................................................................. pounds

855
844
1,411
32.7
35.6
1,967

16,958.5
16,401.0
557.5
36,881
32,118
628,720

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas 2 .................................................................. cwt
Dry edible beans 2 ....................................................................... cwt
Chickpeas, all 2 ........................................................................ cwt
Large 2 ................................................................................... cwt
Small 2 ................................................................................... cwt
Dry edible peas 2 ......................................................................... cwt
Lentils 2 ........................................................................................ cwt
Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

1,704
1,842
1,702
1,677
1,749
2,086
1,397
(NA)

477
28,712
5,447
3,509
1,938
27,737
12,685
439

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ...................................................................................... pounds
Maple syrup ........................................................................... gallons
Mushrooms ............................................................................ pounds
Peppermint oil ........................................................................ pounds
Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt
Spring ...................................................................................... cwt
Summer ................................................................................... cwt
Fall .......................................................................................... cwt
Spearmint oil ......................................................................... pounds
Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt
Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................... pounds

1,713
(NA)
(NA)
89
437
316
323
452
131
193
(D)

87,139.6
4,207
945,639
5,800
440,725
15,171
19,602
405,952
3,208
31,546
(D)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Yield in pounds.

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2016 and 2017
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2016

2017

2016

2017

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

Grains and hay
Barley .................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ....................................................................
Corn for silage ....................................................................
Hay, all 2 .............................................................................
Alfalfa ..............................................................................
All other ...........................................................................
Oats ....................................................................................
Proso millet .........................................................................
Rice ....................................................................................
Rye .....................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................
Sorghum for silage ..............................................................
Wheat, all 2 .........................................................................
Winter .............................................................................
Durum .............................................................................
Other spring ....................................................................

1,235,110
38,042,480
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,144,460
179,280
1,274,770
765,270
2,707,380
(NA)
20,296,820
14,624,280
976,110
4,696,430

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................
Cottonseed .........................................................................
Flaxseed .............................................................................
Mustard seed ......................................................................
Peanuts ..............................................................................
Rapeseed ...........................................................................
Safflower .............................................................................
Soybeans for beans ............................................................
Sunflower ............................................................................

693,640
(X)
151,350
41,720
676,240
4,450
65,200
33,764,500
646,130

682,190
(X)
148,520
39,740
626,060
4,250
62,480
33,482,430
620,790

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 .........................................................................
Upland ............................................................................
American Pima ................................................................
Sugarbeets .........................................................................
Sugarcane ..........................................................................
Tobacco ..............................................................................

4,077,050
3,998,340
78,710
470,820
(NA)
(NA)

3,853,340
3,776,570
76,770
455,760
365,480
129,360

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...........................................................
Dry edible beans .................................................................
Chickpeas 2 .....................................................................
Large ............................................................................
Small .............................................................................
Dry edible peas ...................................................................
Lentils .................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

15,380
672,590
131,650
85,590
46,050
559,280
377,580
(NA)

11,330
630,750
129,500
84,660
44,840
538,160
367,460
(NA)

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ...................................................................................
Maple syrup ........................................................................
Mushrooms .........................................................................
Peppermint oil .....................................................................
Potatoes, all 2 ......................................................................
Spring .............................................................................
Summer ..........................................................................
Fall ..................................................................................
Spearmint oil .......................................................................
Sweet potatoes ...................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
418,450
20,640
25,170
372,640
(NA)
68,030
(NA)

20,580
(NA)
(NA)
26,430
407,810
19,430
24,560
363,820
9,910
66,090
(D)

See footnote(s) at end of table.

8

13,105,080

1,035,200
35,106,050
2,503,410
21,635,130
6,833,190
14,801,940
397,000
167,140
1,253,320
167,540
2,494,100
120,600
17,761,840
12,230,540
957,090
4,574,210

--continued

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2016 and 2017 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per hectare

Production

2016

2017

2016

2017

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

Grains and hay
Barley ..............................................................................................
Corn for grain ...................................................................................
Corn for silage .................................................................................
Hay, all 2 ..........................................................................................
Alfalfa ..........................................................................................
All other .......................................................................................
Oats .................................................................................................
Proso millet ......................................................................................
Rice .................................................................................................
Rye ..................................................................................................
Sorghum for grain ............................................................................
Sorghum for silage ...........................................................................
Wheat, all 2 ......................................................................................
Winter ..........................................................................................
Durum ..........................................................................................
Other spring .................................................................................

4.19
10.96
45.54
5.65
7.74
4.69
2.37
1.70
8.11
2.04
4.89
31.38
3.54
3.72
2.96
3.18

4,338,850
384,777,890
114,005,910
122,271,270
52,855,300
69,415,960
940,130
284,810
10,167,050
341,670
12,199,190
3,783,870
62,859,050
45,491,650
2,833,570
14,533,830

Oilseeds
Canola .............................................................................................
Cottonseed ......................................................................................
Flaxseed ..........................................................................................
Mustard seed ...................................................................................
Peanuts ...........................................................................................
Rapeseed ........................................................................................
Safflower .........................................................................................
Soybeans for beans .........................................................................
Sunflower ........................................................................................

2.04
(X)
1.48
1.10
4.12
2.06
1.60
3.50
1.94

1,394,890
4,915,130
220,480
43,670
2,578,500
8,760
99,830
117,208,380
1,204,170

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ......................................................................................
Upland .........................................................................................
American Pima ............................................................................
Sugarbeets ......................................................................................
Sugarcane .......................................................................................
Tobacco ...........................................................................................

0.96
0.95
1.58
73.41
79.72
2.20

3,692,280
3,570,900
121,380
33,457,880
29,136,960
285,180

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ........................................................................
Dry edible beans ..............................................................................
Chickpeas, all 2 ............................................................................
Large .........................................................................................
Small .........................................................................................
Dry edible peas ................................................................................
Lentils ..............................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas .........................................................................

1.91
2.06
1.91
1.88
1.96
2.34
1.57
(NA)

21,640
1,302,350
247,070
159,170
87,910
1,258,130
575,380
19,910

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ................................................................................................
Maple syrup .....................................................................................
Mushrooms ......................................................................................
Peppermint oil ..................................................................................
Potatoes, all 2 ..................................................................................
Spring ..........................................................................................
Summer .......................................................................................
Fall ..............................................................................................
Spearmint oil ...................................................................................
Sweet potatoes ................................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ...................................................................................

1.92
(NA)
(NA)
0.10
49.02
35.43
36.20
50.61
0.15
21.65
(D)

39,530
21,040
428,930
2,630
19,990,950
688,150
889,130
18,413,670
1,460
1,430,900
(D)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Total may not add due to rounding.

Crop Production (March 2017)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2016 and 2017
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2016-2017 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Citrus 1
Grapefruit .............................................................................................. 1,000 tons
Lemons ................................................................................................. 1,000 tons
Oranges ................................................................................................ 1,000 tons
Tangelos (Florida) 2 ............................................................................... 1,000 tons
Tangerines and mandarins .................................................................... 1,000 tons
Noncitrus
Apples ............................................................................................. million pounds
Apricots .......................................................................................................... tons
Avocados ....................................................................................................... tons
Bananas (Hawaii) ............................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Blackberries (Oregon) ...................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Blueberries
Cultivated ..................................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Wild (Maine) ................................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Boysenberries (Oregon) ................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Raspberries, All ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Cherries, Sweet ............................................................................................. tons
Cherries, Tart .................................................................................. million pounds
Coffee .............................................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Cranberries .................................................................................................. barrel
Dates (California) ........................................................................................... tons
Figs (California) .............................................................................................. tons
Grapes ........................................................................................................... tons
Kiwifruit (California) ........................................................................................ tons
Nectarines ...................................................................................................... tons
Olives (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Peaches ......................................................................................................... tons
Pears ............................................................................................................. tons
Plums (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Prunes (California) ......................................................................................... tons
Strawberries ........................................................................................... 1,000 cwt
Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ........................................................... 1,000 pounds
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................................................... tons
Macadamias (Hawaii) ....................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Pecans, in-shell ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Pistachios (California) ...................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .......................................................................... tons

Production
2016

2017

803
890
5,911
18
935

754
862
5,164
(NA)
990

10,417.0
61,400

318,000
309.1
38,640
8,591,700

7,823,900

806,600
782,000
45,000
31,321

2,050,000
38,000
262,700
670,000

(NA) Not available.
1
Production years are 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.
2
Beginning in 2016-2017, tangelos are included in tangerines and mandarins for Florida.

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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2016 and 2017
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2017 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2016-2017 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Citrus 1
Grapefruit .............................................................................................................
Lemons ................................................................................................................
Oranges ................................................................................................................
Tangelos (Florida) 2 ..............................................................................................
Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................
Noncitrus
Apples ..................................................................................................................
Apricots ................................................................................................................
Avocados ..............................................................................................................
Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................
Blackberries (Oregon) ...........................................................................................
Blueberries
Cultivated .........................................................................................................
Wild (Maine) .....................................................................................................
Boysenberries (Oregon) ........................................................................................
Raspberries, All ....................................................................................................
Cherries, Sweet ....................................................................................................
Cherries, Tart ........................................................................................................
Coffee ...................................................................................................................
Cranberries ...........................................................................................................
Dates (California) ..................................................................................................
Figs (California) ....................................................................................................
Grapes .................................................................................................................
Kiwifruit (California) ...............................................................................................
Nectarines ............................................................................................................
Olives (California) .................................................................................................
Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................
Peaches ...............................................................................................................
Pears ....................................................................................................................
Plums (California) .................................................................................................
Prunes (California) ................................................................................................
Strawberries .........................................................................................................
Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................
Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........................................................................................
Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................
Pistachios (California) ...........................................................................................
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................

Production
2016

2017

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

728,470
807,390
5,362,370
16,330
848,220

684,020
781,990
4,684,700
(NA)
898,110

4,725,070
55,700

288,480
140,210
17,530
389,710

7,097,720

731,740
709,420
40,820
1,420,690

929,860
34,470
119,160
607,810

(NA) Not available.
1
Production years are 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.
2
Beginning in 2016-2017, Tangelos are included in tangerines and mandarins for Florida.

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12

Crop Production (March 2017)
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February Weather Summary
Outrageous February warmth brought winter wheat out of dormancy as far north as the central Plains and the lower
Midwest, and left many fruits in bloom by month’s end across the South. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 10°F
above normal at many locations across the eastern half of the United States, shattering February average temperature
records that had been set as far back as 1882, 1890, 1925, 1930, and 1932. Only the northwestern corner of the country,
including Washington, was cooler than average, but even there February was far less harsh than December and January.
The warmth was in part supported by the continuation of an overactive Pacific jet stream that often took aim on northern
and central California. As a result, California’s 5-year drought all but disappeared, replaced by waves of heavy
precipitation that threatened the auxiliary spillway of the Nation’s tallest dam (Oroville); pressured and sometimes
overtopped levees in the Central Valley; and sparked some of the worst flooding on record in San Jose and environs. By
the end of February, the average water content of the Sierra Nevada snowpack stood at 45 inches, 185 percent of normal.
The bounty extended beyond California to most other areas of the West, maintaining favorable spring and summer
water-supply prospects in many river basins.
While parts of the central and eastern United States also experienced periods of stormy weather, erratic showers (and
early-season warmth) contributed to some drought development or intensification from the central and southern Plains to
the middle and southern Atlantic Coast States. By February 26, at least one-fifth of the winter wheat was rated very poor
to poor in Colorado (27 percent), Kansas (21 percent), and Texas (20 percent), accompanied by a general increase in
late-winter wildfires across the central and southern Plains. Farther east, drought worsened anew in the southern
Appalachians and neighboring areas, where winter rainfall failed to vanquish long-term precipitation deficits. In addition,
a warm, mostly dry winter across Florida’s peninsula maintained heavy agricultural irrigation demands.
Most of the Midwest continued to experience a relatively benign winter, with periods of record warmth interspersed with
brief episodes of rain or snow. Although the Midwest remained largely free of drought, topsoil moisture shortages were
becoming more apparent in the southern Corn Belt. Elsewhere, New England endured a period of wintry weather,
culminating in major snow accumulations on February 9 and 12-13. However, only a few days later, sudden warmth
melted much of New England’s snow.
February Agricultural Summary
Above-normal temperatures blanketed much of the United States during February. Temperatures recorded in the
Corn Belt were much higher than normal with most of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, and Ohio recording temperatures
over 9°F above normal. Conversely, portions of the Northwest including all of Washington recorded below average
temperatures for the month. Precipitation levels for the month were generally within 4 inches of normal across the Nation.
The only areas with totals more than 4 inches above normal were reported along the Pacific Coast and a few scattered
locations in the Rocky Mountains. Elsewhere, monthly precipitation in some areas of Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico,
South Dakota, and western Texas totaled less than 2 percent of normal.
Kansas winter wheat condition was rated at 43 percent in the good to excellent categories as of February 26, down slightly
from the end of January. Winter wheat conditions also declined over the month in some northern States due to fluctuating
temperatures. In Montana, the percent of the crop in the good to excellent categories dropped 19 percentage points during
February with 51 percent rated in these two categories on February 26. In South Dakota, winter wheat condition decreased
5 percentage points over the month to 57 percent good to excellent. Conversely, Colorado winter wheat conditions
improved 4 percentage points during the month, with 40 percent rated in the good to excellent categories as of
February 26.
At the beginning of February, all but 5 weather stations in Arizona reported above normal temperatures. However, at the
end of the month only 14 of 52 weather stations reported temperatures above normal. Alfalfa conditions were mostly fair
to excellent throughout the month. Alfalfa harvesting occurred on three-quarters of the alfalfa acres across the State.
Barley and Durum wheat planting was virtually complete by the end of the month. Vegetable shipping activities continued
throughout the month. Pasture and range conditions ranged from mostly fair to good for the entire month.

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13

In California, widespread precipitation fell across the northern two-thirds of the State throughout February. At the
beginning of the month, growers waited for fields to dry out sufficiently to resume planting winter grains. Rain greatly
benefited the growth of already planted grains and fields crops. Navel orange harvest continued as weather permitted.
Tangerines continued to be harvested. Winter vegetables continued to mature. Fields were planted with melon and sweet
corn as weather permitted. At the end of the month, early varieties of nectarines and peaches were blooming in
Fresno County. The Navel orange harvest resumed during the last week of the month. Almonds were beginning to bloom
across the State by the end of February. Strawberry fields continued to thrive. Where field conditions permitted, bee hives
were staged in preparation for the pending bloom season. Non-irrigated pasture and rangeland continued to improve due
to precipitation. Range was reported to be in fair to excellent condition. Supplemental feeding of livestock continued to
decline as range conditions improved.
In Florida, February weather conditions were similar to January for most of the month, warm and dry. Nighttime
temperatures dipped during the first week of February, with some areas receiving frost. Although the Panhandle remained
free of abnormally dry conditions, central and southern Florida did not. By the second week of the month all southern
counties were considered abnormally dry, with the majority in a moderate drought. Producers began planting potatoes in
Flagler and Putnam Counties towards the end of the month. Sugarcane harvest continued on schedule in Broward, Glades,
Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties. A wide variety of vegetables, including collards, eggplant, strawberries, and zucchini
were harvested across Florida and brought to market. Early and mid-season orange harvesting activities slowed down and
were nearing the end for the season. Grapefruit harvest continued at levels lower than last season but were still coming in
at a fairly steady pace each week. Honey and royal tangerines continued to be harvested for the fresh market. Pasture
quality continued to decline in most counties. Cattle remained in mostly fair to good condition.
Texas experienced little to no measurable rainfall at the beginning of February. Precipitation was not experienced across
the State until the latter half of the month, when isolated areas between South Central and the Upper Coast received
upwards of 8 inches of precipitation. Overall, the State experienced mostly warm and windy weather with sporadic
isolated showers. Cotton harvest concluded during the first week of the month. Winter wheat conditions throughout Texas
were rated mostly fair to good during February. Pasture and range conditions were rated mostly fair to good throughout
the month.

Crop Comments
Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2016 is forecast at 32.1 million tons, of which 30.4 million tons
are expected to be utilized for sugar and 1.75 million tons for seed. Total production is down 3 percent from last month,
but virtually unchanged from the previous year. Producers intend to harvest 903,100 acres for sugar and seed during the
2016 crop year, down 12,500 acres from the previous forecast but up 28,400 acres from the previous year. Expected yield
for sugar and seed is forecast at 35.6 tons per acre, down 0.4 ton from the previous forecast and down 1.1 tons per acre
from the previous season.
Grapefruit: The United States 2016-2017 grapefruit crop is forecast at 754,000 tons, down 1 percent from last month and
down 6 percent from last season’s final utilization. In Florida, expected production, at 8.90 million boxes (378,000 tons),
is down 1 percent from last month and down 18 percent from last year. California and Texas grapefruit production
forecasts were carried forward from the previous month.
Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 990,000 tons, down slightly
from last month but up 4 percent from last season’s final utilization if tangelos were included. If realized, this will be the
largest production since records began in 1964-1965. The Florida forecast is down 4 percent from last month and
down 17 percent from 2015-2016, if tangelos were included. Beginning in 2016-2017, tangerine and mandarin estimates
in Florida include tangelos. The California tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous month.
Florida citrus: In the citrus growing region, daily temperatures were above average on most days. Reported daytime
highs were mostly in the upper 70s to mid-80s, while nighttime lows were mostly in the 50s and 60s. Only counties in the
Northern and Western citrus growing areas received average or above average rainfall during the month. Most Southern
area citrus growing counties received about half of the typical amounts for the month. According to the February 28, 2017
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U.S. Drought Monitor, all citrus producing counties south of Polk County, as well as Indian River County, were showing
moderate drought conditions. The remainder of the citrus region was in an abnormally dry state.
Early-midseason orange harvest decreased significantly each week. Several of the larger processing plants have closed
and will re-open in early March to start taking Valencia oranges. Honey and Royal tangerines were picked primarily for
the fresh market. Harvest has stabilized on these two varieties and was coming in at a constant pace, even though overall
harvest was less than last season. White and red grapefruit harvest was continuing at levels lower than last season, but was
still coming in at a fairly steady pace each week. Bloom was wide spread across the citrus region, still in various stages.
Some groves were in early stages of bloom, while others were already showing petal drop and starting to form fruit. There
was still opportunity for more bloom to pop-out this season. Growers were applying bactericides and continuing psyllid
control. Other grove activity included spraying, hedging on all varieties, fertilizing (including liquid fertilizing), and
general grove maintenance. Irrigation was running heavily in all areas.
California citrus: Satsuma tangerines continued to be harvested. Early varieties of nectarines began to bloom in
Fresno County. Growers reported a second treatment spraying for citrus fungal diseases drew to a close by mid-month.
Tangelo harvesting began at mid-month. The navel orange harvest was slowed mid-month due to rainy conditions, but
picked up again as weather improved.
California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Orchards in the San Joaquin Valley began to dry out, allowing for some orchard
pruning and new planting of trees where the ground had been previously prepared for planting. Pre-bloom sprays were
applied to some stone fruit orchards. Pruning, tying, berm sanitation, and brush shredding were starting up again as vineyards
and orchards dried. In drier locations, the removal of older orchards and vineyards continued in preparation for replanting
with new varieties. The standing water in vineyards and orchards has been a cause for concern for the health of the trees
and vines. Aerial applications were made where field conditions prevented ground application. Olive groves were pruned.
Cherry bloom began in Tulare County near the end of the month. Harvest of Zutano avocados was ongoing. Date trees were
planted in Imperial County.
Some late dormant sprays were applied. In the Southern San Joaquin Valley, almond buds were popping and swelling.
Saturated soils and high winds toppled some walnut and almond trees in the San Joaquin Valley at the end of the month.
Almond bloom was progressing well across the State with the southern bloom nearing completion at months’ end. Rain
and wind caused some almond petal drop. As flooded orchards dried and conditions permitted, beehives were moved in to
facilitate almond pollination.

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15

Statistical Methodology
Survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the March 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which
produces about 62 percent of the United States production last season. In August and September 2016, the number of
bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and
fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the previous components to develop the current forecast
of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April,
and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for
Valencia oranges.
Estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors,
reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current
situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare
the published March 1 forecast. Reports from growers and packers in California and Texas were also used for setting
estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The
ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published March 1 forecast.
Revision policy: The March 1 production forecasts will not be revised. A new forecast will be made each month
throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in
August. The production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information
from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home
use.
Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the March 1 production forecasts, the "Root Mean Square
Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the March 1 production
forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of squared percentage
deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean
Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the
final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing
recent years.
The "Root Mean Square Error" for the March 1 orange production forecast is 3.7 percent. However, if the three abnormal
production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons) are excluded, the “Root Mean Square Error” is
3.9 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below
the final estimates by more than 3.7 percent, or 3.9 percent excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10
(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.4 percent, or 6.7 percent excluding abnormal seasons.
Changes between the March 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 223,000 tons
(234,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 18,000 tons to 600,000 tons regardless of exclusions. The
March 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times (below 9 times and above
8 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the March 1 forecasts this year are likely to
understate or overstate final production.

16

Crop Production (March 2017)
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USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Tony Dahlman – Oats, Soybeans ..................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Scott Matthews – Crop Weather, Barley.......................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Sammy Neal – Peanuts, Rice ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Bianca Pruneda – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum .................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369
Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127
Vincent Davis – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries,
Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Cherries ............................................................................................... (202) 720-2157
Fleming Gibson – Citrus, Coffee, Tropical Fruits ........................................................................... (202) 720-5412
Greg Lemmons – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .................................................. (202) 720-4285
Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,
Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250
Daphne Schauber – Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ...................... (202) 720-4215
Chris Singh – Apples, Apricots, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................................. (202) 720-4288

Crop Production (March 2017)
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17

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].

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