QID Agricultural Resource Management Survey - Soybean Produc

Agricultural Resource Management, Chemical Use,Surveys - Substantive Change to ARMS II and Vegetable Chem Use Surveys

0218 - ARMS II - Soybeans Production Practices Report - 2020 Rev

Agricultural Resource Management, Chemical Use, and Contractor Expense Surveys

OMB: 0535-0218

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AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SURVEY

OMB No. 0535-0218

Approval Expires: 7/31/2022 Project Code: 906

SurveyID: 2085 Phase 2


NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Operations Division 9700 Page Avenue, Suite 400 St. Louis, MO 63132-1547 Phone: 1-888-424-7828

Fax: 855-415-3687

E-mail: [email protected]v


SOYBEANS PRODUCTION PRACTICES REPORT FOR 2020


VERSION 77

ID

TRACT 01

SUBTRACT

C-TYPE 120

CONTACT RECORD

DATE

TIME

NOTES










INTRODUCTION:

[Introduced yourself, and ask for the operator. Rephrase in your own words.]

The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your responses will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses any identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential Information Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 107-347 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary.

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number is 0535-0218. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 50 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.

We encourage you to refer to your farm records during the interview.


Shape1 Shape2 BEGINNING TIME

[MILITARY]


  • [Name, address and partners verified and updated if necessary.]


POID



POID


PARTNER NAME

PARTNER NAME

ADDRESS

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE ZIP

PHONE NUMBER

CITY

STATE ZIP

PHONE NUMBER

POID


POID


PARTNER NAME

PARTNER NAME

ADDRESS

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE ZIP

PHONE NUMBER

CITY

STATE ZIP

PHONE NUMBER


Shape3
A SPRING WHEAT FIELD SELECTION A




  1. How many total acres of spring wheat did this operation plant for the 2020 crop year?........................ .

Total Planted Acres

Shape5 [If no acres planted, review Screening Survey Information Form, make notes, then go to Conclusion on back page.]

Shape6

0020

Total Number of Fields Planted


  1. What is the total number of spring wheat fields that were planted on this operation?...........................

[If only one field, enter "1" and go to item 4.]

  1. Please list these fields according to identifying name/number or describe each field. Then I will tell you which field has been selected.

[If there are more than 18 fields, make sure item 2 is total fields planted and list only the 18 fields closest to the operator's permanent residence. If respondent is unable to identify or describe the fields, use the Field Selection Grid Supplement.]





FIELD NAME, NUMBER OR DESCRIPTION



FIELD NAME, NUMBER OR DESCRIPTION

1



10


2



11


3



12


4



13


5



14


6



15


7



16


8



17


9



18







Shape7






APPLY "RANDOM NUMBER" LABEL HERE

Office Use

Shape8 OY Field Substituted 0022











[Enumerator Action: Circle the pair of numbers on the above label associated with the last numbered field in item 3. Select the field according to the number you circled on the label, and record the selected number. If only one field, enter "1".]...............................................................................................................


Selected Field Number

Shape9 0021


  1. The field selected is (field name/number/description).

During this interview, the spring wheat questions will be about this selected spring wheat field. [Be sure the operator can identify the selected field.]



  1. How many acres of spring wheat were planted in this field for the 2020 crop?......................................





Shape10

1301

.

Acres


  1. Shape11
    NUTRIENT or FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD C




  1. Were commercial nutrients or fertilizers applied to the selected field for the 20 soybean crop? INCLUDE those from operators, landlords, and contractors.....................................................................................................





Yes=1 No=3


Shape12 Code

Office Use Edit Table

Shape13 Shape14 [If commercial nutrient or fertilizer applied, continue, else go to Section D.] Number

  1. Shape15

    0203

    How many commercial nutrient or fertilizer applications were made to the selected field for the 2019 crop? INCLUDE applications made by airplanes and custom applicators...........................................

  2. Shape16 Shape17 Shape18 Shape19 Shape20 Now I need to record information for each application.


CHECKLIST


INCLUDE

Custom applied nutrients or fertilizers


Nutrients or fertilizers applied in the fall of 2018 and those applied earlier if the selected field was fallow in 2018.


Commercially prepared manure or compost

EXCLUDE

Micronutrients Unprocessed manure

Nutrients or fertilizers applied to previous crops in the selected field

Lime and gypsum/landplaster

Office Use Lines in Table

Table 001

0299

Shape21

Application Codes for Column 6

  1. Broadcast, ground without incorporation 5 In irrigation water

  2. Broadcast, ground with incorporation 6 Chisel/injected or knifed in 3 Broadcast, by aircraft 7 Banded in or over row

4 In seed furrow 8 Foliar or directed spray






L I N E

2

Materials Used


[Enter percentage analysis or actual pounds of plant nutrients applied per acre.]


[Show Common Nutrients or Fertilizers in Respondent Booklet]

3

What quantity was applied per acre?


[Leave this column blank if actual nutrients were reported]

4

[Enter material code]



1 Pounds

12 Gallons

19 Pounds of actual nutrients

5

When was this applied?


  1. In the fall before seeding

  2. In the spring before seeding

  3. At seeding

  4. After seeding

6

How was this applied?


[Refer to code list above]

7

How many acres in the selected field were treated in this application?





Acres

N

Nitrogen

P2O5

Phosphate

K2O

Potash

S

Sulfur

01

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

02

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

03

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

04

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

05

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

06

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

07

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .

08

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40 .




Shape22

NOTES:


  1. Shape23
    BIOCONTROL or PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD D


Now I have some questions about all the biocontrols or pesticides used on the selected field for the 2020 soybean

crop, including both custom applications and applications made by this operation.



  1. Were any herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or other biocontrols or pesticides used on this spring wheat field for the 2020 crop?.........................




Yes=1 No=3


Shape24 Code

Office Use Edit Table

[Probe for applications made in the fall of 2019 and those made earlier if the selected field was fallow.] If no biocontrols or pesticides applied, go to Section E.


INCLUDE defoliants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and other pesticides

INCLUDE biological and botanical pesticides.

EXCLUDE adjuvants, nutrients or fertilizers reported earlier and seed treatments.


Office Use Line in Table

Table 001

0399









Chemical Product Name







L I N E

2


What products were applied to the selected field? [Show product codes from Respondent Booklet.]

3


Was this product bought in liquid or dry form?


[Enter L or D]

4


If this was part of a tank mix, enter line number of first product in mix.

5


When was this applied?

1 Before planting

  1. At planting

  2. After planting

  3. Defoliation prior to harvest

6 7

OR

8


[Enter unit code]

1 Pounds

  1. Gallons

  2. Quarts

  3. Pints

  4. Liquid Ounces

28 Dry Ounces

30 Grams

How much was applied per acre per application?

What was the total amount applied per application in the selected field?


01

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


02

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


03

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


04

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


05

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


06

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


07

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


08

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


09

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


10

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


11

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


12

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74


13

61


63

64

65 .

73 .

74

  1. For biocontrols or pesticides not listed in Respondent Booklet, specify--

Pesticide Type


Where Purchased

Line

(Herbicide, Insecticide, Fungicide, etc.)

EPA No. or Trade Name and Formulation

Form Purchased (Liquid or Dry)

(Ask only if EPA No. cannot be reported)


Shape30
Shape31
Shape32
Shape33
Shape34
Shape35
Shape36
Shape37
Shape38
Shape39








Shape40 Applications Codes for Column 9

    1. Broadcast, ground without incorporation

    2. Broadcast, ground with incorporation

    3. Broadcast, by aircraft

    4. In seed furrow

    5. In irrigation water

    6. Chiseled/injected or knifed in

    7. Banded in or over row

    8. Foliar or directed spray

    9. Spot treatments












L I N E

9

How was this product applied?


[Enter code from above.]

10

How many acres in the selected field were treated with this product?



Acres

11

How many times was it applied?





Number

12

Were these applications made by--


  1. Operator, partner, or family member?

  2. Custom applicator?

  3. Employee/Other?

01

76

77 .

79

80

02

76

77 .

79

80

03

76

77 .

79

80

04

76

77 .

79

80

05

76

77 .

79

80

06

76

77 .

79

80

07

76

77 .

79

80

08

76

77 .

79

80

09

76

77 .

79

80

10

76

77 .

79

80

11

76

77 .

79

80

12

76

77 .

79

80

13

76

77 .

79

80

  1. Shape41
    PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E


Now I have some questions about your pest management decisions and practices used on the selected field for the 2020 soybean crop. By pests, we mean weeds, insects, and diseases.

[Enumerator Action: Were pesticide applications reported in Section D?]

    • Yes - Continue No - Go to item 4 Code

  1. Were weather data used to assist in determining either the need or when to make pesticide applications?..............................................................................................................................

  2. Were any biological pesticides such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), insect growth regulators, neem or other natural/biological based products sprayed or applied to manage pests in the selected field?............................................................................................................................

  3. Were pesticides with different mechanisms of action rotated or tank mixed for the primary purpose of keeping pests from becoming resistant to pesticides?.............................................

  4. Were records kept for the selected field to track the activity or numbers of weeds, insects, or diseases?...................................................................................................................................

  5. Shape42

    1. By deliberately going to the field specifically for scouting activities [Enter code 1 and go to item 7.]

    2. By conducting general observations while performing routine tasks [Enter code 2 and go to item 9.]

    3. The selected field was not scouted. [Enter code 3 and go to item 11.]

    Did you use published information on infestation thresholds to determine when to take measures to manage pests in the selected field?......................................................................




  1. In 2020, how was the selected field primarily scouted for insects, weeds, diseases, and/or beneficial organisms?.....................................


Yes=1 No=3



Yes=1 No=3


Yes=1 No=3


Yes=1 No=3


Yes=1 No=3





............


0800

Shape43

Code


0801

0802

0823

0824



Code


0808

Shape44



  1. Was an established scouting process such as systematic sampling, recording counts, etc. used or were insect traps used in the selected field?................................................................

  2. Was scouting for pests done in the selected field due to--


a. a pest advisory warning?.....................................................................................................


b. a pest development model?................................................................................................


Yes=1 No=3



Shape47 Shape48

0809

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3


1




9. Was this soybean field scouted for--

2







Yes=1 No=3

3

[If Yes, ask--]

What was the infestation level for [column 1]?

  1. Higher than normal

  2. Normal

  3. Lower than normal


Code

4

[If column 2 = Yes, ask--]

Who did the majority of the scouting for [column 1]?

  1. Operator, partner or family member

  2. An employee

  3. Farm supply or chemical dealer

  4. Independent crop consultant or commercial scout

Code

a. weeds?.........................................

0812

0813

0814

b. insects or mites?..........................

0815

0816

0817

c. diseases?.....................................

0818

0819

0820




  1. Shape49


    Code


    Yes=1

    0825


    No=3






    Code

    Yes=1

    0841


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0842


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0843


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0844


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0845


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0846


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0847


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0848


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0849


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0850


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0851


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0852


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0854


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0855


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0856


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0857


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0865


    No=3





    Code

    Yes=1

    0853


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0858


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0863


    No=3



    Yes=1

    0864


    No=3





    Code

    Yes=1

    0861


    No=3




    Did you use field mapping of previous weed problems to assist you in making weed management decisions?............................................................................................................

  2. Did you do any of the following other types of pest management for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in the selected field?

    1. Use the services of a diagnostic laboratory for pest identification or soil plant tissue pest analysis for the selected field?.............................................................................................


b. Plow down crop residue using conventional tillage?............................................................


c. Remove/burn down crop residue?........................................................................................


  1. Rotate crops in the selected field during the past three years?............................................


  1. Maintain ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers?.............................................


  1. Choose crop variety because of specific resistance to a certain pest?................................


g. Use no-till or minimum till?...................................................................................................


h. Plan planting locations to avoid cross infestation of pests?..................................................


i. Adjust planting or harvesting dates?....................................................................................


  1. Chop, spray, mow, plow, or burn field edges, lanes, ditches, roadways, or fence lines?......

  2. Clean equipment and field implements after completing field work to reduce the spread of pests?...................................................................................................................................


l. Adjust row spacing, plant density, or row directions?...........................................................

m. Have the seed treated for insect or disease control after you purchased the seed for the selected field?......................................................................................................................


n. Maintain a beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat?...............................................................

o. Maintain buffer strips or border rows to isolate spring wheat from non-organic crops or land, or did you take a buffer harvest?.................................................................................


p. Use a flamer to kill weeds?..................................................................................................


q. Plant earlier or later to avoid weeds?...................................................................................


  1. Were any beneficial organisms, such as insects, nematodes, or fungi, applied or released in the selected field to manage pests?...........................................................................................

  2. Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps, or other biological pest controls used on the selected field?.........................................................................................................


  1. Was a trap crop, excluding fallow, grown to help manage insects in the selected field?.............


  1. Was the selected field left fallow in 2018 to help manage insects on the selected field?............

  2. Were water management practices such as irrigation scheduling, controlled drainage, or treatment of retention water used on the selected field to manage pests or toxin-producing fungi and bacteria?.....................................................................................................................


Completion Code for Pest Management Data

1 Incomplete/Refusal

0500


E-1 PEST MANAGMENT PRACTICES E-1


  1. For the selected field, were any of the following pesticide spraying practices or activities used in 2020? Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides nematicides and plant growth regulators (PGR).


{Enumerator Note: Column 4: Choose items 1 – 5 and/or 6 for a write-in response.}


[



Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity

1.



Was this used in 2020?









1 Yes

3 No

99 Don't Know

2


[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.]

Was it specifically used to keep pesticide application(s) on target (i.e., reduce pesticide drift)?





1 Yes

3 No

99 Don't Know

3


[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Considering labor, training, capital expenditures, and other costs, how easy or difficult was it to implement this practice or activity?






  1. Very Easy

  2. Somewhat Easy

  3. Somewhat Difficult

  4. Very Difficult

4

[Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.]

Why was this practice or activity not used?

Check all that apply.



  1. Cost of labor/training

  2. Cost of associated equipment/products

  3. Incompatible with current production practices (e.g., topography, equipment limitations)

  4. General time management issues/too busy

  5. Unfamiliar with activity or practice

  6. Other, specify:

a. Altering spray time(s) depending on weather conditions (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, temperature)

5170

5171

5172

5173


5174

Specify:



5175

5176

5177

5178

b.

Drift reducing







adjuvant(s)




5179

Specify:


5180

5181

5182

5183

c. Drift reducing






nozzle(s)




5184

Specify:

d. Increased gallons per

5185

5186

5187

5188

acre (GPA) spray solution





5189

Specify:



5190

5191

5192

5193

e.

Calibrate sprayer







before the season




5194

Specify:


5195

5196

5197

5198

f. Calibrate sprayer






during the season




5199

Specify:

g.

Manually altering sprayer settings to improve the spray precision (e.g., altering spray pressure, ground speed, and/or boom height)

5200

5201

5202

5203


5204

Specify:







(Continued)




Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity

1





Was this used in 2020?








1 Yes

3 No

99 Don't Know

2

3

4

[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.]

Was it specifically used to keep pesticide application(s) on target (i.e., reduce pesticide drift)?




1 Yes

3 No

99 Don't Know

[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Considering labor, training, capital expenditures, and other costs, how easy or difficult was it to implement this practice or activity?





  1. Very Easy

  2. Somewhat Easy

  3. Somewhat Difficult

  4. Very Difficult

[Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.]

Why was this practice or activity not used?

Check all that apply.


  1. Cost of labor/training

  2. Cost of associated equipment/products

  3. Incompatible with current production practices (e.g., topography, equipment limitations)

  4. General time management issues/too busy

  5. Unfamiliar with activity or practice

  6. Other, specify:

h. Adopting the use of technologies to improve the spray precision (e.g., on/off nozzle spray technology, GPS boom section controls, automatic boom height stabilization, and/or infrared technology)

5205

5206

5207

5208


5209

Specify:


i. Shielded sprayers

5210

5211

5212

5213


5214

Specify:

j. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (e.g., Aim Command, Raven's Hawk Eye, John Deere's Exact Apply)

5215

5216

5217

5218


5219

Specify:

k. Other - Specify:

5220

5221

5222

5223

5225









5224





Specify:



  1. Pre-emergence pesticide applications are pesticides that are applied both prior to planting and/or before the emergence of the soybeans for early-season pest management. For the selected field, did this operation make any pre-emergence pesticide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?


Shape62 5231

5230

5232

Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 3

No, did not make pre-emergence pesticide applications - Go to item 3



Pre-emergence Pesticide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers


Code

a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for pre-emergence pesticide applications?

1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA

2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA

  1. 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater

  2. 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know

5233


b. What is the typical operating pressure for pre- emergence pesticide application (PSI)?

1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI

2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI

3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI

4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI

  1. 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater

  2. 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know

5234


c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any pre-emergence pesticide applications? (Select one)

  1. Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air-

  2. Full Cone induction, Venturi

  3. Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify:

  4. Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5236

99 Don't know

5235

d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during pre- emergence pesticide applications?

  1. <5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH

  2. 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater

  3. 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know

5237

e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during pre-emergence pesticide applications?

  1. <24 inches 3 36 inches or greater

  2. 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know

5238



f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for pre-emergence pesticide applications?

  1. extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse 404-502

(Less than 106 microns) microns

  1. fine 106-235 microns 6 extremely coarse (503-665

  2. medium (236-340 microns) microns)

  3. coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than

665 microns)

99 Don't know

5239



  1. Post-emergence herbicide applications are made to control weeds that occur after emergence of the soybeans. For the selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?


Shape63 5241 Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below

5240 Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 4

5242 No, did not make post-emergence herbicide applications - Go to item 4




Post-emergence Herbicide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers


Code

a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for post-emergence herbicide applications?

1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA

2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA

  1. 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater

  2. 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know

5243


b. What is the typical operating pressure for post-emergence herbicide application (PSI)?

1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI

2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI

3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI

4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI

  1. 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater

  2. 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know

5244


c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any post-emergence herbicide applications? (Select one)

  1. Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air-

  2. Full Cone induction, Venturi

  3. Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify:

  4. Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5246

99 Don't know

5245

d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during post- emergence herbicide applications?

  1. <5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH

  2. 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater

  3. 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know

5247

e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during post-emergence herbicide applications?

  1. <24 inches 3 36 inches or greater

  2. 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know

5248



f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for post-emergence herbicide applications?

  1. extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse (404-502 (Less than 106 microns microns)

  2. fine (106-235 microns) 6 extremly coarse (503-665

  3. medium (236-340 microns) microns)

  4. coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than

665 microns)

99 Don't know

5249



  1. Post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications are made to control pests that occur after emergence of the soybeans. For the selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?


Shape64 5251 Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below

Shape65 5250 Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 21

5252 No, did not make post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications - Go to item 21




Post-emergence Insecticide/Fungicide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers


Code

a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?

1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA

2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA

  1. 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater

  2. 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know

5253


1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI

5254

b. What is the typical operating pressure for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide application (PSI)?

2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI

3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI

4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI

5 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater



6 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know


c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?

(Select one)

  1. Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air-

  2. Full Cone induction, Venturi

  3. Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify:

  4. Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5256

99 Don't know

5255

d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during post- emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?

  1. <5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH

  2. 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater

  3. 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know

5257

e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?

  1. <24 inches 3 36 inches or greater

  2. 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know

5258


f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?

  1. extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse (404-502 (Less than 106 microns) microns)

  2. fine (106-235 microns) 6 extremely coarse (503-665

  3. medium (236-340 microns) microns)

  4. coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than

665 microns)

99 Don't know

5259


  1. For the selected field, which of the following spraying practices resulted in a sprayer re-calibration in 2020? Check all that apply.

Shape67 5261 Computer calibration alert system

Shape68 5262 Change in product being applied

Shape69 5263 Observed change in spray pattern (e.g., from worn nozzles)

Shape70 5264 Scheduled calibration (e.g., daily, monthly, annually)

Shape71 5265 When moving to a different block or crop

Shape72 Shape73 5266 Other, specify: 5268 5267 None of the above

  1. Shape74 Shape75 For the selected field, when did this operation clean the ground boom sprayer tank system in 2020? Check all that apply.


5271

Before the season

5272

After the season

5273

Depended on the product(s)

5274

Regularly scheduled cleaning

Shape76 Shape77 5275


5276

Other, specify: 5277

Shape78 Shape79 Never


[Enumerator Note: If respondent answered code 1 - 5 for item 22, ask item 22a and 22b, otherwise go to item 23. Skip 22b if no herbicides are used on the selected field.]



    1. Shape80

      1. Always (100%)

      2. Often (51% or more)

      3. Sometimes (50% or less)

      4. Never (0%)

      99 Don't know

      For each time that the ground boom sprayer was cleaned, how often was a tank cleaner used?.......



    1. Shape81 Shape82 Did this operation use separate spray rigs for herbicide applications?




.....................


Code


5279

Shape83


Shape84

5280

Code


Shape85 1 Yes 3

No 99

Don't know.................................................................


  1. For the selected field, what material were a majority of the nozzles made of that were used across all pesticide applications made in 2020? Select one.

Shape86 5281 1 Plastic, such as Polypropylene (i.e. Poly or PP) or other types

Shape87 2 Aluminum, brass, or other soft metal(s)

Shape88 3 Stainless steel including hardened stainless steel

Shape89 4 Porcelain or other ceramic materials

Shape90 5 Other, specify: 5282


  1. For the selected field, what were the most common reasons for replacing the nozzles on the sprayers in 2020? Check all that apply.

Shape91 5291 Regularly scheduled calendar-based replacement (i.e., annually, twice annually, monthly, etc.)

Shape92 5292 Regularly scheduled replacement based on operating time (i.e., sprayer operating hours)

Shape93 5293 Sporadic replacement based on area covered or general intuition (i.e., it feels like the right time to change nozzles)

Shape94 5294 Calibration problems (i.e., too high or too low a flow rate)

Shape95 5295 Observed nozzle damage (e.g., change in spray pattern or leaks)

Shape96 5296 Availability of new nozzle technologies

Shape97 5297 Expert and/or consultant recommendations (e.g., Cooperative Extension, crop consultants, etc.)

Shape98 Shape99 Shape100

1 0%

2 1% to 25%

3 26% - 50%

4 51% - 75%

5 76% - 100%

99 Don't know

5298 Other, specify: 5290 5299 None of the above


  1. Shape101 For the selected field, on what proportion did this

operation use hedge rows or other wind-breaking structures that are at least one and a half times the

height of the crop canopy for drift reduction in 2020?.........

..................................



Shape103

NOTES:


  1. How often were the following sources of information used to inform pest management decisions in 2020?






Sources of Information

1

How often was this source of information used?

  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

Code

2

Which of these sources was this operation's primary source of pest management decisions? Select one.

  1. Primary

  2. Not primary


Code

a.

Pesticide product labels....................................................................

5301

5302

b.

University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension resources/recommendations.............................................................

5303

5304

c. Non-university literature, such as trade magazines, catalogues,

newspapers, etc ......


5305

5306

d. Commodity/trade groups

5307

5308

e.

Pesticide sales representatives and/or farm supply distributors.......

5309

5310

f.

Crop consultants paid for by the operation........................................

5311

5312

g.

Other grower(s).................................................................................

5313

5314

h.

Commercial or other non-university decision tools...........................

5315

5316

i.

Weather forecasting tools..................................................................

5317

5318

j.

Other, Specify:5319 ..........

5320

5321


  1. [If 26b, column 1 equals 1, 2, or 3, ask--] Which of the following types of services offered by the University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension were most often used as sources of pest management decisions in 2020?




University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension Services

How often was this source of information used?

  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

Code


a.


Formal presentations (e.g., annual meetings, educational trainings)..........

5322

b.

Field days/demonstration workshops..........................................................

5323

c.

Farm visits and/or one-on-one consultation.................................................

5324

d.

Email lists.....................................................................................................

5325

e.

Newsletters and blogs..................................................................................

5326

f.

Crop and/or Pest Protection Handbook.......................................................

5327

g.

Other publications (e.g., fact sheets)...........................................................

5328

h.

Decision tools..............................................................................................

5329

i.

Other, Specify:5330 ..........

5331


  1. For the selected field, how often were the following practices used during the season to manage herbicide, fungicide and insecticide resistance in 2020?



Only complete if operation uses herbicides

Only complete if operation uses fungicides

Only complete if operation uses insecticides

Practice to Manage Resistance for Herbicide, Fungicide and Insecticide

How often was each practice used on this operation to manage herbicide resistance?

How often was each practice used on this operation to manage fungicide resistance?

How often was each practice used on this operation to manage insecticide resistance?


  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

a. Field mapping weeds and/or keeping records of field history and pesticide use to assist pesticide decisions.....................

5332

5333

5334

b. Field Management/Sanitation Practices...




i. For weed control (e.g., crop rotation, tillage, planting cover crops, managing field borders, preventing field-to-field and within field movement of weed seed)..................

5335



ii. For disease control (e.g., removing or incorporating field residue to reduce potential disease infestations, managing field borders)


5336


iii. For insect control (e.g., removing or incorporating field residue to reduce potential insect infestations, managing field borders).....................



5337

c. Planting insect-resistant (e.g. aphids) and/or

disease-resistant varieties of soybeans.......


........

5338

5339

d. Pre-harvest and/or post-harvest control of weeds and/or disease to reduce the return of weed seeds and/or seed-borne diseases...................................................

5340

5341


e. Use of pest diagnostic tools (e.g., Integrated Pest Management (IPM) treatment thresholds; predictive weather models (e.g., degree day models); pest forecasting systems, and/or assistance from diagnostic networks)........................


5342

5343

f. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) rotation.

5344

5345

5346

g. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) combination (i.e., tank mix or pre-mix product)....................................................

5347

5348

5349


  1. Shape105 Shape106 Shape107 In an effort to reduce off-target impacts to plants, pollinators, and/or beneficial insects, did this operation communicate with or consult any of the following sources in 2020? Check all that apply.


5351

Neighboring crop producers

5352

Nearby beekeepers

5353

A local expert, such as an Agricultural Cooperative Extension agent

5354

State managed pollinator protection plans, or MP3s (MP3s are state-developed efforts that intend to

reduce pesticide exposure through timely communication and coordination among beekeepers, growers,


pesticide applicators, and landowners)

5355

Driftwatch - Driftwatch is a voluntary communication tool that enables crop producers, beekeepers, and


pesticide applicators to work together to protect crops and apiaries through the use of mapping programs.


Shape108 Shape109 5356


5357

Other communication methods, Specify: 5358

Shape110 Shape111 Other, Specify: 5359

  1. How often were the following Best Management Practice (BMPs) used during the season in 2020?



1

2





Best Management Practices



How often was this practice used?


  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

[Only answer if column 1 = 1, 2, or 3]

Was this practice specifically used to prevent exposure to bees?


  1. Always (100%)

  2. Often (51% or more)

  3. Sometimes (50% or less)

  4. Never (0%)

99 Don't know

a.

Avoid crop bloom time applications.....................................

5520

5521

b. Make applications when temperatures are below 50°F.............................................................................

5522

5523

c. Maintain buffer between known beehive locations......

5524

5525

d. Select pesticides that have the lowest residual toxicity to bees.............................................................

5526

5527

e. Use alternative application methods of an active ingredient to prevent bee exposure (e.g., non-foliar applications when bees are foraging)..........................

5528

5529

f. Avoid applications when dew is forecast.....................

5530

5531

g. Manage blooming plants in the field before applying pesticides that are acutely toxic to bees

(e.g., mowing).............................................................

5532

5533

h. Make application(s) at nighttime or no more than

two hours prior to sunset.............................................

5534

5535

i. Other, Specify:5536 .....

5537

5538









  1. Are the spraying practices for other fields in this operation similar to the spraying practices for this selected field?

Shape112 5360 1 Yes

Shape113 3 No - Please explain the difference:5366

Shape114 99 Don't know


  1. In 2020, which of the following auditing systems, if any, did this operation participate in? Check all that apply.


Shape115 5361 GLOBAL G.A.P.

Shape116 5362 Safe Quality Food (SQF) Program

Shape117 5363 Other, specify:5365

Shape118 5364 This operation did not participate in an auditing system

Shape119 5369 Don't know


Shape120
CONCLUSION


1. To receive the complete results of this survey on the release date, go to http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/

Shape121

1095

To have a brief summary emailed to you at a later date, please enter your email address.

[Enumerator Note: Thank the respondent, then review this questionnaire.] H H M M

Shape125

0005

2. Ending time [Military].............................................................................................................................

RECORD USE

  1. Shape128 [Did respondent use farm/ranch records to report--] CODE Yes=1

a. [fertilizer data?]..................................................................................................................


b. [pesticide data?]................................................................................................................


SUPPLEMENTS USED

  1. [Record the total number of each type of questionnaire supplement used to

complete this interview.......................................................................................................

No=3

Yes=1 No=3




Fertilizer Supplements


Pesticide Supplements





Shape131 NUMBER

Shape134





















9910





9911

Reported by:


M


M


D


D

19

Telephone( )


OFFICE USE

R. Unit

Ptr 1 Str

Ptr 2 Str

Ptr 3 Str

Ptr 4 Str

OPS

SSO 1

ADJ

Optional Use

9921

9922

9923

9927

9928

923

9907

922

9906

9916

Response

Respondent

Mode

Enum.

POID

1-Comp 2-R

  1. Inac

  2. Office Hold

9901

1-Op/Mgr 2-Spouse

3-Acct/Bkpr 4-Partner

9-Other

9902

  1. PATI (tel)

  2. PAPI (Face-to-

Face)

9903

9998

9989

Eval.

Change

9900

9985


File Typeapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
AuthorColeman, Pamela - NASS
File Modified0000-00-00
File Created2021-01-14

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