U.S. Individual Income Tax Return

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

2018 Instructions for Schedule D
Capital Gains
and Losses

These instructions explain how to complete Schedule D (Form 1040). Complete Form
8949 before you complete line 1b, 2, 3, 8b, 9, or 10 of Schedule D.
Use Schedule D:
• To figure the overall gain or loss from transactions reported on Form 8949;
• To report certain transactions you don't have to report on Form 8949;
• To report a gain from Form 2439 or 6252 or Part I of Form 4797;
• To report a gain or loss from Form 4684, 6781, or 8824;
• To report a gain or loss from a partnership, S corporation, estate, or trust;
• To report capital gain distributions not reported directly on Schedule 1 (Form
1040), line 13 (or effectively connected capital gain distributions not reported directly
on Form 1040NR, line 14); and
• To report a capital loss carryover from 2017 to 2018.
Additional information. See Pub. 544 and Pub. 550 for more details.

Section references are to the Internal
Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

vestment in the QOF if the investment is
held for at least 10 years. For more information, see How to Report an Election to Defer Tax on Eligible Gain Invested in a QO Fund in the Instructions
for Form 8949 and Deferral of Gain Invested in a QOF, later.
Three-year holding period for applicable partnership interests. For tax
years beginning after 2017, the
long-term capital gains holding period
for an applicable partnership interest increased from more than 1 year to more
than 3 years. The new holding period
applies only to partnership interest held
in connection with the performance of
services as defined in section 1061. See
section 1061 and Pub. 541 for details.
Excess business loss limitation. If you
report a loss on line 7 or line 15 of your
Schedule D (Form 1040), you may be
subject to the new business loss limitation. The disallowed loss resulting from
the limitation will not be reflected on
Schedule D. Instead, use new Form 461
to figure the amount to include as income on Schedule 1 (Form 1040),
line 21. Any disallowed loss resulting
from this limitation will be treated as a
net operating loss (NOL) that must be
carried forward and deducted in a subsequent tax year. See Form 461 and its instructions for more information on the
excess business loss limitation.

Future Developments
For the latest information about developments related to Schedule D and its
instructions, such as legislation enacted
after they were published, go to IRS.gov/
ScheduleD.

What's New
Rollover of empowerment zone assets.
The election to rollover gain from an
empowerment zone asset has expired for
2018.
Rollovers into specialized small business investment companies (SSBICs).
Tax-free rollovers of publicly traded securities gains into SSBICs are no longer
available for sales after December 31,
2017.
Capital assets. For dispositions after
2017, certain patents, inventions, models, or designs (whether or not patented);
secret formulas or processes; or similar
property are not capital assets. See Capital Asset, later.
Special rules for capital gains invested
in qualified opportunity funds
(QOFs). In 2018, if you have eligible
gains and invested the gains into a QOF,
you may be able to elect to postpone
part or all of the gain that you would
otherwise include in income. You may
also be able to permanently exclude the
gain from the sale or exchange of an in-

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May 15, 2019

Cat. No. 24331I

General
Instructions
Other Forms You May Have
To File
Use Form 461 to figure your excess
business loss.
Use Form 8949 to report the sale or
exchange of a capital asset (defined later) not reported on another form or
schedule and to report the income deferral or exclusion of capital gains. See the
Instructions for Form 8949. Complete
all necessary pages of Form 8949 before
you complete line 1b, 2, 3, 8b, 9, or 10
of Schedule D. See Lines 1a and 8a, later, for more information about when
Form 8949 is needed and when it isn't.
Use Form 4797 to report the following.
1. The sale or exchange of:
a. Real property used in your trade
or business;
b. Depreciable and amortizable tangible property used in your trade or
business (but see Disposition of Depreciable Property Not Used in Trade or
Business in the Form 4797 instructions);
c. Oil, gas, geothermal, or other
mineral property; and
d. Section 126 property.
2. The involuntary conversion (other
than from casualty or theft) of property
used in a trade or business and capital
assets held more than 1 year for business

or profit. But see Disposition of Depreciable Property Not Used in Trade or
Business in the Form 4797 instructions.
3. The disposition of noncapital assets other than inventory or property
held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of your trade or
business.
4. Ordinary loss on the sale, exchange, or worthlessness of small business investment company (section 1242)
stock.
5. Ordinary loss on the sale, exchange, or worthlessness of small business (section 1244) stock.
6. Ordinary gain or loss on securities or commodities held in connection
with your trading business, if you previously made a mark-to-market election.
See Traders in Securities, later.
Use Form 4684 to report involuntary
conversions of property due to casualty
or theft.
Use Form 6781 to report gains and
losses from section 1256 contracts and
straddles.
Use Form 8824 to report like-kind
exchanges. A like-kind exchange occurs
when you exchange business or investment property for property of a like
kind.
Use Form 8960 to figure any net investment income tax relating to gains
and losses reported on Schedule D, including gains and losses from a securities trading activity.

Capital Asset
Most property you own and use for personal purposes or investment is a capital
asset. For example, your house, furniture, car, stocks, and bonds are capital
assets. A capital asset is any property
owned by you except the following.
1. Stock in trade or other property
included in inventory or held mainly for
sale to customers. But see the Tip about
certain musical compositions or copyrights, later.
2. Accounts or notes receivable:
a. For services rendered in the ordinary course of your trade or business,
b. For services rendered as an employee, or

c. From the sale of stock in trade or
other property included in inventory or
held mainly for sale to customers.
3. Depreciable property used in your
trade or business, even if it is fully depreciated.
4. Real estate used in your trade or
business.
5. For dispositions after December
31, 2017, certain patents, inventions,
models, or designs (whether or not patented); secret formulas or processes; or
similar property. See section 1221(a)(3).
6. A copyright; a literary, musical,
or artistic composition; a letter or memorandum; or similar property that is:
a. Created by your personal efforts;
b. Prepared or produced for you (in
the case of a letter, memorandum, or
similar property); or
c. Received under circumstances
(such as by gift) that entitle you to the
basis of the person who created the
property or for whom the property was
prepared or produced.
But see the Tip about certain musical
compositions or copyrights below.
7. A U.S. Government publication,
including the Congressional Record, that
you received from the government for
less than the normal sales price, or that
you received under circumstances that
entitle you to the basis of someone who
received the publication for less than the
normal sales price.
8. Certain commodities derivative
financial instruments held by a dealer
and connected to the dealer's activities
as a dealer. See section 1221(a)(6).
9. Certain hedging transactions entered into in the normal course of your
trade or business. See section 1221(a)
(7).
10. Supplies regularly used in your
trade or business.
You can elect to treat as capital

TIP assets certain musical compositions or copyrights you sold or
exchanged. See Pub. 550 for details.

Basis and Recordkeeping
Basis is the amount of your investment
in property for tax purposes. The basis
of property you buy is usually its cost.
There are special rules for certain kinds

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of property, such as inherited property.
You need to know your basis to figure
any gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of the property. You must keep
accurate records that show the basis and,
if applicable, adjusted basis of your
property. Your records should show the
purchase price, including commissions;
increases to basis, such as the cost of
improvements; and decreases to basis,
such as depreciation, nondividend distributions on stock, and stock splits.
If you received a Schedule A to Form
8971 from an executor of an estate or
other person required to file an estate tax
return, you may be required to report a
basis consistent with the estate tax value
of the property.
For more information on consistent
basis reporting and basis generally, see
Column (e)—Cost or Other Basis in the
Instructions for Form 8949, and the following publications.
• Pub. 551, Basis of Assets.
• Pub. 550, Investment Income and
Expenses (Including Capital Gains and
Losses).

Short- or Long-Term Gain or
Loss
Report short-term gains or losses in Part
I. Report long-term gains or losses in
Part II. The holding period for
short-term capital gains and losses is
generally 1 year or less. The holding period for long-term capital gains and losses is generally more than 1 year. However, beginning in 2018, the long-term
holding period for certain gains with respect to “applicable partnership interests” is more than 3 years. See Pub. 541
for more information.
For more information about holding
periods, see the Instructions for Form
8949.

Capital Gain Distributions
These distributions are paid by a mutual
fund (or other regulated investment
company) or real estate investment trust
from its net realized long-term capital
gains. Distributions of net realized
short-term capital gains aren't treated as
capital gains. Instead, they are included
on Form 1099-DIV as ordinary dividends.

Enter on Schedule D, line 13, the total capital gain distributions paid to you
during the year, regardless of how long
you held your investment. This amount
is shown in box 2a of Form 1099-DIV.
If there is an amount in box 2b, include that amount on line 11 of the Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain Worksheet in these instructions if you complete line 19 of Schedule D.
If there is an amount in box 2c, see
Exclusion of Gain on Qualified Small
Business (QSB) Stock, later.
If there is an amount in box 2d, include that amount on line 4 of the 28%
Rate Gain Worksheet in these instructions if you complete line 18 of Schedule D.
If you received capital gain distributions as a nominee (that is, they were
paid to you but actually belong to someone else), report on Schedule D, line 13,
only the amount that belongs to you. Attach a statement showing the full
amount you received and the amount
you received as a nominee. See the Instructions for Schedule B to learn about
the requirement for you to file Forms
1099-DIV and 1096.

Sale of Your Home
You may not need to report the sale or
exchange of your main home. If you
must report it, complete Form 8949 before Schedule D.
Report the sale or exchange of your
main home on Form 8949 if:
• You can't exclude all of your gain
from income, or
• You received a Form 1099-S for
the sale or exchange.
Any gain you can't exclude is taxable.
Generally, if you meet the following two
tests, you can exclude up to $250,000 of
gain. If both you and your spouse meet
these tests and you file a joint return,
you can exclude up to $500,000 of gain
(but only one spouse needs to meet the
ownership requirement in Test 1).
Test 1. During the 5-year period ending
on the date you sold or exchanged your
home, you owned it for 2 years or more
(the ownership requirement) and lived in
it as your main home for 2 years or more
(the use requirement).
Test 2. You haven't excluded gain on
the sale or exchange of another main

home during the 2-year period ending on
the date of the sale or exchange of your
home.
Reduced exclusion. Even if you don't
meet one or both of the above two tests,
you still can claim an exclusion if you
sold or exchanged the home because of
a change in place of employment,
health, or certain unforeseen circumstances. In this case, the maximum amount
of gain you can exclude is reduced. For
more information, see Pub. 523.
Sale of home by surviving spouse. If
your spouse died before the sale or exchange, you can still exclude up to
$500,000 of gain if:
• The sale or exchange is no later
than 2 years after your spouse's death;
• Just before your spouse's death,
both spouses met the use requirement of
Test 1, at least one spouse met the ownership requirement of Test 1, and both
spouses met Test 2; and
• You didn't remarry before the sale
or exchange.
Exceptions to Test 1. You can choose
to have the 5-year test period for ownership and use in Test 1 suspended during
any period you or your spouse serve outside the United States as a Peace Corps
volunteer or serve on qualified official
extended duty as a member of the uniformed services or Foreign Service of
the United States, as an employee of the
intelligence community, or outside the
United States as an employee of the
Peace Corps. This means you may be
able to meet Test 1 even if, because of
your service, you didn't actually use the
home as your main home for at least the
required 2 years during the 5-year period
ending on the date of sale. The 5-year
period can't be extended for more than
10 years.
Example. Tamara buys a house in
Virginia in 2006 that she uses as her
main home for 3 years. For 8 years,
from 2009 through 2017, Tamara serves
on qualified official extended duty as a
member of the uniformed services in
Kuwait. In 2018, Tamara sells the
house. Tamara didn't use the house as
her main home for 2 of the 5 years before the sale. To meet Test 1, Tamara
elects to suspend the 5-year test period
during her 8-year period of uniformed
service in Kuwait. Because that 8-year
period won't be counted in determining
if she used the house as her main home

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for 2 of the 5 years before the sale, she
meets the ownership and use requirements of Test 1.
Qualified extended duty. You are on
qualified extended duty if:
• You are called or ordered to active
duty for an indefinite period or for a period of more than 90 days; and
• You are serving at a duty station at
least 50 miles from your main home, or
you are living in government quarters
under government orders.
Sale of home acquired in a like-kind
exchange. You can't exclude any gain
if:
• You acquired your home in a
like-kind exchange in which all or part
of the gain wasn't recognized, and
• You sold or exchanged the home
during the 5-year period beginning on
the date you acquired it.
How to report the sale of your main
home. If you have to report the sale or
exchange, report it on Form 8949. If the
gain or loss is short term, report it in
Part I of Form 8949 with box C
checked. If the gain or loss is long term,
report it in Part II of Form 8949 with
box F checked.
If you had a gain and can exclude
part or all of it, enter “H” in column (f)
of Form 8949. Enter the exclusion as a
negative number (in parentheses) in column (g) of Form 8949. See the instructions for Form 8949, columns (f), (g),
and (h). Complete all columns.
If you had a loss but have to report
the sale or exchange because you got a
Form 1099-S, see Nondeductible Losses,
later, for instructions about how to report it.
More information. See Pub. 523 for
additional details, including how to figure and report any taxable gain if:
• You (or your spouse if married)
used any part of the home for business
or rental purposes after May 6, 1997, or
• There was a period of time after
2008 when the home wasn't your main
home.

Partnership Interests
A sale or other disposition of an interest
in a partnership may result in ordinary
income, collectibles gain (28% rate
gain), or unrecaptured section 1250
gain. For details on 28% rate gain, see
the instructions for line 18. For details

on unrecaptured section 1250 gain, see
the instructions for line 19.

Capital Assets Held for
Personal Use
Generally, gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for personal use is a capital gain. Report it on
Form 8949 with box C checked (if the
transaction is short term) or box F
checked (if the transaction is long term).
However, if you converted depreciable
property to personal use, all or part of
the gain on the sale or exchange of that
property may have to be recaptured as
ordinary income. Use Part III of Form
4797 to figure the amount of ordinary
income recapture. The recapture amount
is included on line 31 (and line 13) of
Form 4797. Don't enter any gain from
this property on line 32 of Form 4797. If
you aren't completing Part III for any
other properties, enter “N/A” on line 32.
If the total gain is more than the recapture amount, enter “From Form 4797” in
column (a) of Part I of Form 8949 (if the
transaction is short term) or Part II of
Form 8949 (if the transaction is long
term), and skip columns (b) and (c). In
column (d) of Form 8949, enter the excess of the total gain over the recapture
amount. Leave columns (e) through (g)
blank. Complete column (h). Be sure to
check box C at the top of Part I or box F
at the top of Part II of this Form 8949
(depending on how long you held the asset).
Loss from the sale or exchange of a
capital asset held for personal use isn't
deductible. But if you had a loss from
the sale or exchange of real estate held
for personal use for which you received
a Form 1099-S, you must report the
transaction on Form 8949 even though
the loss isn't deductible.
Example. You have a loss on the
sale of a vacation home that isn't your
main home and you received a Form
1099-S for the transaction. Report the
transaction in Part I or Part II of Form
8949, depending on how long you
owned the home. Complete all columns.
Because the loss isn't deductible, enter
“L” in column (f). Enter the difference
between column (d) and column (e) as a
positive amount in column (g). Then
complete column (h). (For example, if
you entered $5,000 in column (d) and
$6,000 in column (e), enter $1,000 in

column (g). Then enter -0- ($5,000 −
$6,000 + $1,000) in column (h). Be sure
to check box C at the top of Part I or box
F at the top of Part II of this Form 8949
(depending on how long you owned the
home).)

cause the loss isn't deductible, enter “L”
in column (f). Enter the amount of the
nondeductible loss as a positive number
in column (g). Complete column (h).
See the instructions for Form 8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).

Capital Losses

Example 1. You sold land you held
as an investment for 5 years to your
brother for $10,000. Your basis was
$15,000. On Part II of Form 8949, check
box F at the top. Enter $10,000 on Form
8949, Part II, column (d). Enter $15,000
in column (e). Because the loss isn't deductible, enter “L” in column (f) and
$5,000 (the difference between $10,000
and $15,000) in column (g). In column
(h), enter -0- ($10,000 − $15,000 +
$5,000). If this is your only transaction
on this Form 8949, enter $10,000 on
Schedule D, line 10, column (d). Enter
$15,000 in column (e) and $5,000 in
column (g). In column (h), enter -0($10,000 − $15,000 + $5,000).

You can deduct capital losses up to the
amount of your capital gains plus $3,000
($1,500 if married filing separately).
You may be able to use capital losses
that exceed this limit in future years. For
details, see the instructions for line 21.
Be sure to report all of your capital gains
and losses even if you can't use all of
your losses in 2018.

Nondeductible Losses
Don't deduct a loss from a sale or exchange between certain related parties.
This includes a direct or indirect sale or
exchange of property between any of the
following.
• Members of a family.
• A corporation and an individual
who directly (or indirectly) owns more
than 50% of the corporation's stock (unless the loss is from a distribution in
complete liquidation of a corporation).
• A grantor and a fiduciary of a
trust.
• A fiduciary and a beneficiary of
the same trust.
• A fiduciary of a trust and a fiduciary (or beneficiary) of another trust if
both trusts were created by the same
grantor.
• An executor of an estate and a beneficiary of that estate, unless the sale or
exchange was to satisfy a pecuniary bequest (that is, a bequest of a sum of
money).
• An individual and a tax-exempt organization controlled directly (or indirectly) by the individual or the individual's family.
See Pub. 544 for more details on
sales and exchanges between related
parties.
Report a transaction that results in a
nondeductible loss in Part I or Part II of
Form 8949 (depending on how long you
held the property). Unless you received
a Form 1099-B for the sale or exchange,
check box C at the top of Part I or box F
at the top of Part II of this Form 8949
(depending on how long you owned the
property). Complete all columns. Be-

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Example 2. You received a Form
1099-B showing proceeds (sales price)
of $1,000 and basis of $5,000. Box 7 on
Form 1099-B is checked, indicating that
your loss of $4,000 ($1,000 − $5,000)
isn't allowed. On the top of Form 8949,
check box A or box B in Part I or box D
or box E in Part II (whichever applies).
Enter $1,000 in column (d) and $5,000
in column (e). Because the loss isn't deductible, enter “L” in column (f) and
$4,000 (the difference between $1,000
and $5,000) in column (g). In column
(h), enter -0- ($1,000 − $5,000 +
$4,000).
At-risk rules. If you disposed of (a) an
asset used in an activity to which the
at-risk rules apply, or (b) any part of
your interest in an activity to which the
at-risk rules apply, and you have
amounts in the activity for which you
aren't at risk, see the Instructions for
Form 6198.
Passive activity rules. If the loss is allowable under the at-risk rules, it may be
subject to the passive activity rules. See
Form 8582 and its instructions for details on reporting capital gains and losses from a passive activity.

Items for Special Treatment

• Transactions by a securities dealer.
See section 475 and Rev. Rul. 97-39,
which begins on page 4 of Internal Revenue Bulletin 1997-39 at IRS.gov/pub/
irs-irbs/irb97-39.pdf.

• Bonds and other debt instruments.
See Pub. 550.
• Certain real estate subdivided for
sale that may be considered a capital asset. See section 1237.
• Gain on the sale of depreciable
property to a more-than-50%-owned entity or to a trust of which you are a beneficiary. See Pub. 544.
• Gain on the disposition of stock in
domestic international sales corporations. See section 995(c).
• Gain on the sale or exchange of
stock in certain foreign corporations.
See section 1248.
• Transfer of property to a partnership that would be treated as an investment company if it were incorporated.
See Pub. 541.
• Sales of stock received under a
qualified public utility dividend reinvestment plan. See Pub. 550.
• Transfer of appreciated property to
a political organization. See section 84.
• Transfer of property by a U.S. person to a foreign estate or trust. See section 684.
• If you give up your U.S. citizenship, you may be treated as having sold
all your property for its fair market value on the day before you gave up your
citizenship. This also applies to
long-term U.S. residents who cease to be
lawful permanent residents. For details,
exceptions, and rules for reporting these
deemed sales, see Pub. 519 and Form
8854.
• In general, no gain or loss is recognized on the transfer of property from an
individual to a spouse or a former
spouse if the transfer is incident to a divorce. See Pub. 504.
• Amounts received on the retirement of a debt instrument generally are
treated as received in exchange for the
debt instrument. See Pub. 550.
• Any loss on the disposition of converted wetland or highly erodible cropland that is first used for farming after
March 1, 1986, is reported as a
long-term capital loss on Form 8949, but
any gain is reported as ordinary income
on Form 4797.
• If qualified dividends that you reported on Form 1040, line 3a, or Form
1040NR, line 10b, include extraordinary
dividends, any loss on the sale or exchange of the stock is a long-term capital loss to the extent of the extraordinary
dividends. An extraordinary dividend is

a dividend that equals or exceeds 10%
(5% in the case of preferred stock) of
your basis in the stock.
• Amounts received by shareholders
in corporate liquidations. See Pub. 550.
• Cash received in lieu of fractional
shares of stock as a result of a stock split
or stock dividend. See Pub. 550.
• Load charges to acquire stock in a
regulated investment company (including a mutual fund), which may not be
taken into account in determining gain
or loss on certain dispositions of the
stock if reinvestment rights were exercised. See Pub. 550.
• The sale or exchange of S corporation stock or an interest in a partnership
or trust held for more than 1 year, which
may result in collectibles gain (28% rate
gain). See the instructions for line 18.
• Gain or loss on the disposition of
securities futures contracts. See Pub.
550.
• Gain on the constructive sale of
certain appreciated financial positions.
See Pub. 550.
• Certain constructive ownership
transactions. Gain in excess of the gain
you would have recognized if you had
held a financial asset directly during the
term of a derivative contract must be
treated as ordinary income. See section
1260. If any portion of the constructive
ownership transaction was open in any
prior year, you may have to pay interest.
See section 1260(b) for details, including how to figure the interest. Include
the interest as an additional tax on
Schedule 4 (Form 1040), line 62. Check
box c and in the space next to that box,
enter “Section 1260(b) interest” and the
amount of the interest. If you are filing
Form 1040NR, include the interest as an
additional tax on line 60. Check box b
and, in the space next to that box, enter
“Section 1260(b) interest” and the
amount of the interest. This interest isn't
deductible.
• Gain or loss from the disposition
of stock or other securities in an investment club. See Pub. 550.
• Certain virtual currencies, such as
Bitcoin. See Notice 2014-21, 2014-16
I.R.B. 938, available at IRS.gov/irb/
2014-16_IRB/ar12.html.
• If you are deferring eligible gain
by investing in a QOF, report the gain
on the form you normally report the gain
and report the deferral on Form 8949.
See How to Report an Election to Defer

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Tax on Eligible Gain Invested in a QO
Fund in the Form 8949 instructions.

Market Discount Bonds
In general, a capital gain from the disposition of a market discount bond is treated as interest income to the extent of
accrued market discount as of the date
of disposition. See sections 1276
through 1278 and Pub. 550 for more information on market discount. See the
Instructions for Form 8949 for detailed
information about how to report the disposition of a market discount bond.

Contingent Payment Debt
Instruments
Any gain recognized on the sale, exchange, or retirement of a taxable contingent payment debt instrument subject
to the noncontingent bond method is
treated as interest income rather than as
capital gain, even if you hold the debt
instrument as a capital asset. If you sell
a taxable contingent payment debt instrument subject to the noncontingent
bond method at a loss, your loss is an ordinary loss to the extent of your prior
original issue discount (OID) inclusions
on the debt instrument. If the debt instrument is a capital asset, treat any loss
that is more than your prior OID inclusions as a capital loss. See Regulations
section 1.1275-4(b) for exceptions to
these rules.
If you received a Form 1099-B (or
substitute statement) reporting the sale
of a taxable contingent payment debt instrument subject to the noncontingent
bond method and the Ordinary box in
box 2 is checked, an adjustment may be
required. Report the transaction on Form
8949 and complete the form’s Worksheet for Contingent Payment Debt Instrument Adjustment in Column (g) to
figure the adjustment to enter in column
(g) of Form 8949.
See Pub. 550 or Pub. 1212 for more
details on any special rules or adjustments that might apply.

Wash Sales
A wash sale occurs when you sell or
otherwise dispose of stock or securities
(including a contract or option to acquire
or sell stock or securities) at a loss and,
within 30 days before or after the sale or
disposition, you:

1. Buy substantially identical stock
or securities,
2. Acquire substantially identical
stock or securities in a fully taxable
trade,
3. Enter into a contract or option to
acquire substantially identical stock or
securities, or
4. Acquire substantially identical
stock or securities for your individual retirement arrangement (IRA) or Roth
IRA.
You can't deduct losses from wash
sales unless the loss was incurred in the
ordinary course of your business as a
dealer in stock or securities. The basis of
the substantially identical property (or
contract or option to acquire such property) is its cost increased by the disallowed loss (except in the case of (4)
above).
These wash sale rules don't apply to a
redemption of shares in a floating-NAV
(net asset value) money market fund.
If you received a Form 1099-B (or
substitute statement), box 1g of that
form generally will show whether there
was any nondeductible wash sale loss
and its amount if:
• The stock or securities sold were
covered securities (defined in the instructions for Form 8949, column (e)),
and
• The substantially identical stock or
securities you bought had the same CUSIP number as the stock or securities
you sold and were bought in the same
account as the stock or securities you
sold. (CUSIP numbers are security identification numbers.)
However, you can't deduct a loss from a
wash sale even if it isn't reported on
Form 1099-B (or substitute statement).
For more details on wash sales, see Pub.
550.
Report a wash sale transaction in Part
I or Part II (depending on how long you
owned the stock or securities) of Form
8949 with the appropriate box checked.
Complete all columns. Enter “W” in column (f). Enter as a positive number in
column (g) the amount of the loss not allowed. See the instructions for Form
8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).

Traders in Securities
You are a trader in securities if you are
engaged in the business of buying and

selling securities for your own account.
To be engaged in business as a trader in
securities, all of the following statements must be true.
• You must seek to profit from daily
market movements in the prices of securities and not from dividends, interest,
or capital appreciation.
• Your activity must be substantial.
• You must carry on the activity
with continuity and regularity.
The following facts and circumstances should be considered in determining
if your activity is a business.
• Typical holding periods for securities bought and sold.
• The frequency and dollar amount
of your trades during the year.
• The extent to which you pursue the
activity to produce income for a livelihood.
• The amount of time you devote to
the activity.
You are considered an investor, and
not a trader, if your activity doesn't meet
the above definition of a business. It
doesn't matter whether you call yourself
a trader or a “day trader.”
Like an investor, a trader generally
must report each sale of securities (taking into account commissions and any
other costs of acquiring or disposing of
the securities) on Form 8949 unless one
of the exceptions described in the Instructions for Form 8949 applies. However, if a trader previously made the
mark-to-market election (explained below), each transaction is reported in Part
II of Form 4797 instead of on Form
8949. Regardless of whether a trader reports his or her gains and losses on Form
8949 or Form 4797, the gain or loss
from the disposition of securities isn't
taken into account when figuring net
earnings from self-employment on
Schedule SE. See the Instructions for
Schedule SE for an exception that applies to section 1256 contracts.
The limitation on investment interest
expense that applies to investors doesn't
apply to interest paid or incurred in a
trading business. A trader reports interest expense and other expenses (excluding commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of securities) from a
trading business on Schedule C (instead
of Schedule A).

D-6

A trader also may hold securities for
investment. The rules for investors generally will apply to those securities. Allocate interest and other expenses between your trading business and your investment securities.
Mark-to-Market Election for
Traders
A trader may make an election under
section 475(f) to report all gains and losses from securities held in connection
with a trading business as ordinary income (or loss), including those from securities held at the end of the year. Securities held at the end of the year are
“marked-to-market” by treating them as
if they were sold for fair market value
on the last business day of the year.
Generally, the election must be made by
the due date (not including extensions)
of the tax return for the year prior to the
year for which the election becomes effective. To be effective for 2018, the
election must have been made by the
due date of your 2017 return (not counting extensions), April 17, 2018, for most
people. The due date for the 2018 election was April 17, instead of April 15,
because of the Emancipation Day holiday in the District of Columbia (even if
you didn’t live in the District of Columbia).
Starting with the year the election becomes effective, a trader reports all
gains and losses from securities held in
connection with the trading business, including securities held at the end of the
year, in Part II of Form 4797. If you previously made the election, see the Instructions for Form 4797. For details on
making the mark-to-market election for
2019, see Pub. 550 or Rev. Proc. 99-17,
which starts on the bottom of page 52 of
Internal Revenue Bulletin 1999-7 at
IRS.gov/pub/irs-irbs/irb99-07.pdf.
If you hold securities for investment,
you must identify them as such in your
records on the day you acquired them
(for example, by holding the securities
in a separate brokerage account). Securities that you hold for investment aren't
marked-to-market.

Short Sales
A short sale is a contract to sell property
you borrowed for delivery to a buyer. At
a later date, you either buy substantially
identical property and deliver it to the

lender or deliver property that you held
but didn't want to transfer at the time of
the sale.
Example. You think the value of
XYZ stock will drop. You borrow 10
shares from your broker and sell them
for $100. This is a short sale. You later
buy 10 shares for $80 and deliver them
to your broker to close the short sale.
Your gain is $20 ($100 − $80).
Holding period. Usually, your holding
period is the amount of time you actually held the property eventually delivered
to the broker or lender to close the short
sale. However, your gain when closing a
short sale is short term if you (a) held
substantially identical property for 1
year or less on the date of the short sale,
or (b) acquired property substantially
identical to the property sold short after
the short sale but on or before the date
you close the short sale. If you held substantially identical property for more
than 1 year on the date of a short sale,
any loss realized on the short sale is a
long-term capital loss, even if the property used to close the short sale was held
1 year or less.
Reporting a short sale. Report any
short sale on Form 8949 in the year it
closes.
If a short sale closed in 2018 but you
didn't get a 2018 Form 1099-B (or substitute statement) for it because you entered into it before 2011, report it on
Form 8949 in Part I with box C checked
or Part II with box F checked (whichever applies). In column (a), enter (for example) “100 sh. XYZ Co.—2010 short
sale closed.” Fill in the other columns
according to their instructions. Report
the short sale the same way if you received a 2018 Form 1099-B (or substitute statement) that doesn't show proceeds (sales price).

Gain or Loss From Options
Report on Form 8949 gain or loss from
the closing or expiration of an option
that isn't a section 1256 contract but is a
capital asset in your hands. If an option
you purchased expired, enter the expiration date in column (c) and enter “EXPIRED” in column (d). If an option that
was granted (written) expired, enter the
expiration date in column (b) and enter
“EXPIRED” in column (e). Fill in the
other columns according to their instructions. See Pub. 550 for details.

If a call option you sold after 2013
was exercised, the option premium you
received will be reflected in the proceeds shown in box 1d of the Form
1099-B (or substitute statement) you received. If you sold the call option before
2014, the option premium you received
may not be reflected on Form 1099-B. If
it isn't, enter the premium as a positive
number in column (g) of Form 8949.
Enter “E” in column (f).
Example. For $10 in 2013, you sold
Joe an option to buy one share of XYZ
stock for $80. Joe later exercised the option. The Form 1099-B you get shows
the proceeds to be $80. Enter $80 in column (d) of Form 8949. Enter “E” in column (f) and $10 in column (g). Complete the other columns according to the
instructions.

NAV Method for Money
Market Funds
If you have a capital gain or loss determined under the net asset value (NAV)
method with respect to shares in an
NAV money market fund, report the
capital gain or loss on Form 8949, Part I,
with box C checked. Enter the name of
each fund followed by “(NAV)” in column (a). Enter the net gain or loss in
column (h). Leave all other columns
blank. See the Instructions for Form
8949.

Undistributed Capital Gains
Include on Schedule D, line 11, the
amount from box 1a of Form 2439. This
represents your share of the undistributed long-term capital gains of the regulated investment company (including a
mutual fund) or real estate investment
trust.
If there is an amount in box 1b of
Form 2439, include that amount on
line 11 of the Unrecaptured Section
1250 Gain Worksheet if you complete
line 19 of Schedule D.
If there is an amount in box 1c of
Form 2439, see Exclusion of Gain on
Qualified Small Business (QSB) Stock,
later.
If there is an amount in box 1d of
Form 2439, include that amount on
line 4 of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet
if you complete line 18 of Schedule D.
Include on Schedule 5 (Form 1040),
line 74, or Form 1040NR, line 69, the

D-7

tax paid as shown in box 2 of Form
2439. Also check the box for Form
2439. Add to the basis of your stock the
excess of the amount included in income
over the amount of the credit for the tax
paid. See Pub. 550 for details.

Installment Sales
If you sold property (other than publicly
traded stocks or securities) at a gain and
you will receive a payment in a tax year
after the year of sale, you generally must
report the sale on the installment method
unless you elect not to. Use Form 6252
to report the sale on the installment
method. Also use Form 6252 to report
any payment received in 2018 from a
sale made in an earlier year that you reported on the installment method.
To elect out of the installment method, report the full amount of the gain on
Form 8949 on a timely filed return (including extensions) for the year of the
sale. If your original return was filed on
time, you can make the election on an
amended return filed no later than 6
months after the due date of your return
(excluding extensions). Write “Filed
pursuant to section 301.9100-2” at the
top of the amended return.

Demutualization of Life
Insurance Companies
Demutualization of a life insurance
company occurs when a mutual life insurance company changes to a stock
company. If you were a policyholder or
annuitant of the mutual company, you
may have received either stock in the
stock company or cash in exchange for
your equity interest in the mutual company.
If the demutualization transaction
qualifies as a tax-free reorganization, no
gain or loss is recognized on the exchange of your equity interest in the mutual company for stock. The company
can advise you if the transaction is a
tax-free reorganization. Your holding
period for the new stock includes the period you held an equity interest in the
mutual company. If you received cash in
exchange for your equity interest, you
must recognize any capital gain. If you
held the equity interest for more than 1
year, report the gain as a long-term capital gain in Part II of Form 8949. If you
held the equity interest for 1 year or less,
report the gain as a short-term capital

gain in Part I of Form 8949. Be sure the
appropriate box is checked at the top of
Form 8949.
If the demutualization transaction
doesn't qualify as a tax-free reorganization, you must recognize a capital gain
or loss. If you held the equity interest for
more than 1 year, report the gain or loss
as a long-term capital gain or loss in Part
II of Form 8949. If you held the equity
interest for 1 year or less, report the gain
or loss as a short-term capital gain or
loss in Part I of Form 8949. Be sure the
appropriate box is checked at the top of
Form 8949. Your holding period for the
new stock begins on the day after you
received the stock.

Small Business (Section
1244) Stock
Report an ordinary loss from the sale,
exchange, or worthlessness of small
business (section 1244) stock on Form
4797. However, if the total loss is more
than the maximum amount that can be
treated as an ordinary loss for the year
($50,000 or, on a joint return,
$100,000), also report the transaction on
Form 8949 as follows.
1. In column (a), enter “Capital portion of section 1244 stock loss.”
2. Complete columns (b) and (c) as
you normally would.
3. In column (d), enter the entire
sales price of the stock sold.
4. In column (e), enter the entire basis of the stock sold.
5. Enter “S” in column (f). See the
instructions for Form 8949, columns (f),
(g), and (h).
6. In column (g), enter the loss you
claimed on Form 4797 for this transaction. Enter it as a positive number.
7. Complete column (h) according
to its instructions.
Report the transaction in Part I or
Part II of Form 8949 (depending on how
long you held the stock) with the appropriate box checked.
Example. You sold section 1244
stock for $1,000. Your basis was
$60,000. You had held the stock for 3
years. You can claim $50,000 of your
loss as an ordinary loss on Form 4797.
To claim the rest of the loss on Form
8949, check the appropriate box at the
top. Enter $1,000 on Form 8949, Part II,

column (d). Enter $60,000 in column
(e). Enter “S” in column (f) and $50,000
(the ordinary loss claimed on Form
4797) in column (g). In column (h), enter ($9,000) ($1,000 − $60,000 +
$50,000). Put it in parentheses to show it
is a negative amount.

Exclusion of Gain on
Qualified Small Business
(QSB) Stock
Section 1202 allows you to exclude a
portion of the eligible gain on the sale or
exchange of QSB stock. The section
1202 exclusion applies only to QSB
stock held for more than 5 years. If you
acquired the QSB stock on or before
February 17, 2009, you can exclude up
to 50% of the qualified gain. However,
you can exclude up to 60% of the qualified gain on certain empowerment zone
business stock. See Empowerment Zone
Business Stock, later.
If you acquired the QSB stock after
February 17, 2009, and before September 28, 2010, you can exclude up to 75%
of the qualified gain.
If you acquired the QSB stock after
September 27, 2010, you can exclude up
to 100% of the qualified gain.
To be QSB stock, the stock must
meet all of the following tests.
1. It must be stock in a C corporation (that is, not S corporation stock).
2. It must have been originally issued after August 10, 1993.
3. As of the date the stock was issued, the corporation was a domestic C
corporation with total gross assets of
$50 million or less (a) at all times after
August 9, 1993, and before the stock
was issued, and (b) immediately after
the stock was issued. Gross assets include those of any predecessor of the
corporation. All corporations that are
members of the same parent-subsidiary
controlled group are treated as one corporation.
4. You must have acquired the stock
at its original issue (either directly or
through an underwriter), either in exchange for money or other property
(other than stock) or as pay for services
(other than as an underwriter) to the corporation. In certain cases, you may meet
this test if you acquired the stock from
another person who met the test (such as

D-8

by gift or inheritance) or through a conversion or exchange of QSB stock you
held.
5. During substantially all the time
you held the stock:
a. The corporation was a C corporation;
b. At least 80% of the value of the
corporation's assets were used in the active conduct of one or more qualified
businesses (defined next); and
c. The corporation wasn't a foreign
corporation, DISC, former DISC, regulated investment company, real estate investment trust, REMIC, FASIT, cooperative, or a corporation that has made (or
that has a subsidiary that has made) a
section 936 election.
SSBIC. A specialized small

TIP business investment company
(SSBIC) is treated as having
met test 5b.
Definition of qualified business. A
qualified business is any business that
isn't one of the following.
• A business involving services performed in the fields of health, law, engineering, architecture, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, consulting,
athletics, financial services, or brokerage
services.
• A business whose principal asset is
the reputation or skill of one or more
employees.
• A banking, insurance, financing,
leasing, investing, or similar business.
• A farming business (including the
raising or harvesting of trees).
• A business involving the production of products for which percentage
depletion can be claimed.
• A business of operating a hotel,
motel, restaurant, or similar business.
For more details about limits and additional requirements that may apply,
see Pub. 550 or section 1202.
Acquisition date of stock acquired after February 17, 2009. When you are
determining whether your exclusion is
limited to 50%, 75%, or 100% of the
gain from QSB stock, your acquisition
date is considered to be the first day you
held the stock (determined after applying the holding period rules in section
1223).

Empowerment Zone Business
Stock
You generally can exclude up to 60% of
your gain from the sale or exchange of
QSB stock held for more than 5 years if
you meet the following additional requirements.
1. The stock you sold or exchanged
was stock in a corporation that qualified
as an empowerment zone business during substantially all of the time you held
the stock.
2. You acquired the stock after December 21, 2000, and before February
18, 2009.
Requirement 1 will still be met if the
corporation ceased to qualify after the
5-year period that began on the date you
acquired the stock. However, the gain
that qualifies for the 60% exclusion can't
be more than the gain you would have
had if you had sold the stock on the date
the corporation ceased to qualify.
Stock acquired after February 17,
2009. You can exclude up to 75% of
your gain if you acquired the stock after
February 17, 2009, and before September 28, 2010.
You can exclude up to 100% of your
gain if you acquired the stock after September 27, 2010.
More information. For more information about empowerment zone businesses, see section 1397C.
Pass-Through Entities
If you held an interest in a pass-through
entity (a partnership, S corporation,
common trust fund, or mutual fund or
other regulated investment company)
that sold QSB stock, to qualify for the
exclusion you must have held the interest on the date the pass-through entity
acquired the QSB stock and at all times
thereafter until the stock was sold.
How To Report
Report the sale or exchange of the QSB
stock on Form 8949, Part II, with the appropriate box checked, as you would if
you weren't taking the exclusion. Then
enter “Q” in column (f) and enter the
amount of the excluded gain as a negative number in column (g). Put it in parentheses to show it is negative. See the
instructions for Form 8949, columns (f),

(g), and (h). Complete all remaining columns. If you are completing line 18 of
Schedule D, enter as a positive number
the amount of your allowable exclusion
on line 2 of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet; if you excluded 60% of the gain,
enter 2/3 of the exclusion; if you excluded 75% of the gain, enter 1/3 of the exclusion; if you excluded 100% of the
gain, don't enter an amount.
Gain from Form 1099-DIV. If you received a Form 1099-DIV with a gain in
box 2c, part or all of that gain (which is
also included in box 2a) may be eligible
for the section 1202 exclusion. Report
the total gain (box 2a) on Schedule D,
line 13. In column (a) of Form 8949,
Part II, enter the name of the corporation
whose stock was sold. In column (f), enter “Q” and in column (g) enter the
amount of the excluded gain as a negative number. See the instructions for
Form 8949, columns (f), (g), and (h). If
you are completing line 18 of Schedule D, enter as a positive number the
amount of your allowable exclusion on
line 2 of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet;
if you excluded 60% of the gain, enter
2/3 of the exclusion; if you excluded
75% of the gain, enter 1/3 of the exclusion; if you excluded 100% of the gain,
don't enter an amount.
Gain from Form 2439. If you received
a Form 2439 with a gain in box 1c, part
or all of that gain (which is also included
in box 1a) may be eligible for the section 1202 exclusion. Report the total
gain (box 1a) on Schedule D, line 11. In
column (a) of Form 8949, Part II, enter
the name of the corporation whose stock
was sold. In column (f), enter “Q” and in
column (g) enter the amount of the excluded gain as a negative number. See
the instructions for Form 8949, columns
(f), (g), and (h). If you are completing
line 18 of Schedule D, enter as a positive number the amount of your allowable exclusion on line 2 of the 28% Rate
Gain Worksheet; if you excluded 60%
of the gain, enter 2/3 of the exclusion; if
you excluded 75% of the gain, enter 1/3
of the exclusion; if you excluded 100%
of the gain, don't enter an amount.
Gain from an installment sale of QSB
stock. If all payments aren't received in
the year of sale, a sale of QSB stock that
isn't traded on an established securities
market generally is treated as an installment sale and is reported on Form 6252.

D-9

Report the long-term gain from Form
6252 on Schedule D, line 11. Figure the
allowable section 1202 exclusion for the
year by multiplying the total amount of
the exclusion by a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of eligible
gain to be recognized for the tax year
and the denominator of which is the total amount of eligible gain. In column
(a) of Form 8949, Part II, enter the name
of the corporation whose stock was sold.
In column (f), enter “Q” and in column
(g) enter the amount of the allowable exclusion for the year as a negative number. See the instructions for Form 8949,
columns (f), (g), and (h). If you are completing line 18 of Schedule D, enter as a
positive number the amount of your allowable exclusion for the year on line 2
of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet; if you
excluded 60% of the gain, enter 2/3 of
the allowable exclusion for the year; if
you excluded 75% of the gain, enter 1/3
of the allowable exclusion for the year;
if you excluded 100% of the gain, don't
enter an amount.
Alternative minimum tax. If you qualify for the 50%, 60%, or 75% exclusion,
enter 7% of your allowable exclusion for
the year on line 13 of Form 6251. If you
qualify for the 100% exclusion, leave
line 13 of Form 6251 blank.

Rollover of Gain From QSB
Stock
If you sold QSB stock (defined earlier)
that you held for more than 6 months,
you can elect to postpone gain if you
buy other QSB stock during the 60-day
period that began on the date of the sale.
A pass-through entity also can make the
election to postpone gain. The benefit of
the postponed gain applies to your share
of the entity's postponed gain if you held
an interest in the entity for the entire period the entity held the QSB stock. If a
pass-through entity sold QSB stock held
for more than 6 months and you held an
interest in the entity for the entire period
the entity held the stock, you also can
elect to postpone gain if you, rather than
the pass-through entity, buy the replacement QSB stock within the 60-day period. If you were a partner in a partnership
that sold or bought QSB stock, see
box 11 of the Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)
sent to you by the partnership and Regulations section 1.1045-1.

You must recognize gain to the extent the sale proceeds are more than the
cost of the replacement stock. Reduce
the basis of the replacement stock by
any postponed gain.
You must make the election no later
than the due date (including extensions)
for filing your tax return for the tax year
in which the QSB stock was sold. If
your original return was filed on time,
you can make the election on an amended return filed no later than 6 months
after the due date of your return (excluding extensions). Write “Filed pursuant to
section 301.9100-2” at the top of the
amended return.
To make the election, report the sale
in Part I or Part II (depending on how
long you, or the pass-through entity, if
applicable, owned the stock) of Form
8949 as you would if you weren't making the election. Then enter “R” in column (f). Enter the amount of the postponed gain as a negative number in column (g). Put it in parentheses to show it
is negative. See the instructions for
Form 8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).
Complete all remaining columns.

Exclusion of Gain From DC
Zone Assets
If you sold or exchanged a District of
Columbia Enterprise Zone (DC Zone)
asset that you acquired after 1997 and
before 2012 and held for more than 5
years, you may be able to exclude the
amount of qualified capital gain that you
would otherwise include in income. The
exclusion applies to an interest in, or
property of, certain businesses operating
in the District of Columbia.
DC Zone asset. A DC Zone asset is any
of the following.
• DC Zone business stock.
• DC Zone partnership interest.
• DC Zone business property.
Qualified capital gain. Qualified capital gain is any gain recognized on the
sale or exchange of a DC Zone asset that
is a capital asset or property used in a
trade or business. It doesn't include any
of the following gains.
• Gain attributable to periods after
December 31, 2016.
• Gain treated as ordinary income
under section 1245.

• Section 1250 gain figured as if
section 1250 applied to all depreciation
rather than the additional depreciation.
• Gain attributable to real property,
or an intangible asset, that isn't an integral part of a DC Zone business.
• Gain from a related-party transaction. See Sales and Exchanges Between
Related Persons in chapter 2 of Pub.
544.
How to report. Report the sale or exchange of DC Zone business stock or a
DC Zone partnership interest on Form
8949, Part II, as you would if you
weren't taking the exclusion. Then enter
“X” in column (f). Enter the amount of
the exclusion as a negative number in
column (g). Put it in parentheses to show
it is negative. See the instructions for
Form 8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).
Complete all remaining columns.
Report the sale or exchange of DC
Zone business property on Form 4797.
See the Form 4797 instructions for details.

• Gain attributable to real property,
or an intangible asset, that isn't an integral part of a renewal community business.
• Gain from a related-party transaction. See Sales and Exchanges Between
Related Persons in chapter 2 of Pub.
544.
How to report. Report the sale or exchange of qualified community stock or
a qualified community partnership interest on Form 8949, Part II, with the appropriate box checked, as you would if
you weren't taking the exclusion. Then
enter “X” in column (f) and enter the
amount of the exclusion as a negative
number in column (g). Put it in parentheses to show it is negative. See the instructions for Form 8949, columns (f),
(g), and (h). Complete all remaining columns.
Report the sale or exchange of qualified community business property on
Form 4797. See the Form 4797 instructions for details.

Exclusion of Gain From
Qualified Community Assets

Rollover of Gain From
Empowerment Zone Assets

If you sold or exchanged a qualified
community asset that you acquired after
2001 and before 2010 and held for more
than 5 years, you may be able to exclude
the qualified capital gain that you would
otherwise include in income. The exclusion applies to an interest in, or property
of, certain renewal community businesses.
Qualified community asset. A qualified community asset is any of the following.
• Qualified community stock.
• Qualified community partnership
interest.
• Qualified community business
property.
Qualified capital gain. Qualified capital gain is any gain recognized on the
sale or exchange of a qualified community asset but doesn't include any of the
following.
• Gain attributable to periods after
December 31, 2014.
• Gain treated as ordinary income
under section 1245.
• Section 1250 gain figured as if
section 1250 applied to all depreciation
rather than the additional depreciation.

If you sold a qualified empowerment
zone asset that you held for more than 1
year, you may be able to elect to postpone part or all of the gain that you
would otherwise include in income. If
you make the election, you generally
recognize gain on the sale only to the
extent, if any, that the amount realized
on the sale is more than the cost of the
qualified empowerment zone assets (replacement property) you purchased during the 60-day period beginning on the
date of the sale.
How to report. Report the sale of empowerment zone stock or an empowerment zone partnership interest on Part II
of Form 8949 as you would if you
weren’t making the election. Then enter
“R” in column (f), and enter the amount
of the postponed gain as a negative
number in column (g). Put it in parentheses to show it is negative. See the instructions for Form 8949, columns (f),
(g), and (h). Complete all remaining columns.
Report the sale or exchange of empowerment zone business property on
Form 4797. See the Form 4797 instructions for details.

D-10

Capital Loss Carryover Worksheet—Lines 6 and 14

Keep for Your Records

Use this worksheet to figure your capital loss carryovers from 2017 to 2018 if your 2017 Schedule D, line 21, is a loss and (a) that loss is a
smaller loss than the loss on your 2017 Schedule D, line 16, or (b) the amount on your 2017 Form 1040, line 41 (or your 2017 Form 1040NR,
line 39, if applicable) is less than zero. Otherwise, you don't have any carryovers.
If you and your spouse once filed a joint return and are filing separate returns for 2018, any capital loss carryover from the joint return can be
deducted only on the return of the spouse who actually had the loss.
If you excluded canceled debt from income in 2018, see Pub. 4681.
1. Enter the amount from your 2017 Form 1040, line 41, or your 2017 Form 1040NR, line 39. If a loss,
enclose the amount in parentheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Enter the loss from your 2017 Schedule D, line 21, as a positive amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

3. Combine lines 1 and 2. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.

2.

4. Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.
If line 7 of your 2017 Schedule D is a loss, go to line 5; otherwise, enter -0- on line 5 and go to
line 9.
5. Enter the loss from your 2017 Schedule D, line 7, as a positive amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.

6. Enter any gain from your 2017 Schedule D, line 15. If a loss,
enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.
7. Add lines 4 and 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.

8. Short-term capital loss carryover for 2018. Subtract line 7 from line 5. If zero or less, enter -0-. If
more than zero, also enter this amount on Schedule D, line 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If line 15 of your 2017 Schedule D is a loss, go to line 9; otherwise, skip lines 9 through 13.
9. Enter the loss from your 2017 Schedule D, line 15, as a positive amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Enter any gain from your 2017 Schedule D, line 7. If a loss,
enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Subtract line 5 from line 4. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . .

8.
9.

10.

11.
12. Add lines 10 and 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12.

13. Long-term capital loss carryover for 2018. Subtract line 12 from line 9. If zero or less, enter -0-. If
more than zero, also enter this amount on Schedule D, line 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13.

At the time these instructions
went to print, the rollover of
CAUTION gain from empowerment zone
assets had expired. To find out if legislation extended this provision for 2018, go
to IRS.gov/ScheduleD .

!

Deferral of Gain Invested in
a QOF
If you have an eligible gain, you can invest that gain in a QOF and elect to defer part or all of the gain that you would
otherwise include in income until you
sell or exchange the investment in the
QOF or December 31, 2026, whichever
is earlier. If you make the election, you
only include gain to the extent, if any,
the amount of realized gain is more than
the aggregate amount invested in a QOF
during the 180-day period beginning on
the date the gain was realized. You may
also be able to permanently exclude the

gain from the sale or exchange of any
investment in a QOF if the investment is
held for at least 10 years.
QOF. A QOF is any investment vehicle
that is organized as either a corporation
or partnership for the purpose of investing in eligible property that is located in
a Qualified Opportunity Zone.
How to report. Report the eligible gain
as you normally would on Schedule D.
See the Form 8949 instructions for how
to report the deferral.

Rollover of Gain From Stock
Sold to ESOPs or Certain
Cooperatives
You can postpone all or part of any gain
from the sale of qualified securities, held
for at least 3 years, to an employee stock
ownership plan (ESOP) or eligible
worker-owned cooperative, if you buy
qualified replacement property. See Pub.

D-11

550. Also see the instructions for Form
8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).

Specific
Instructions
Rounding Off to Whole
Dollars
You can round off cents to whole dollars
on your Schedule D. If you do round to
whole dollars, you must round all
amounts. To round, drop amounts under
50 cents and increase amounts from 50
to 99 cents to the next dollar. For example, $1.39 becomes $1 and $2.50 becomes $3.
If you have to add two or more
amounts to figure the amount to enter on
a line, include cents when adding the
amounts and round off only the total.

Lines 1a and 8a—
Transactions Not Reported
on Form 8949
You can report on line 1a (for short-term
transactions) or line 8a (for long-term
transactions) the aggregate totals from
any transactions (except sales of collectibles) for which:
• You received a Form 1099-B (or
substitute statement) that shows basis
was reported to the IRS and doesn't
show any adjustments in box 1f or 1g;
• The Ordinary box in box 2 isn’t
checked; and
• You don't need to make any adjustments to the basis or type of gain or
loss reported on Form 1099-B (or substitute statement), or to your gain or loss.
See How To Complete Form 8949, Columns (f) and (g) in the Form 8949 instructions for details about possible adjustments to your gain or loss.
If you choose to report these transactions on lines 1a and 8a, don't report
them on Form 8949. You don't need to
attach a statement to explain the entries
on lines 1a and 8a and, if you e-file your
return, you don't need to file Form 8453.
Figure gain or loss on each line. Subtract the cost or other basis in column (e)
from the proceeds (sales price) in column (d). Enter the gain or loss in column (h). Enter negative amounts in parentheses.
Example 1—basis reported to the
IRS. You received a Form 1099-B reporting the sale of stock you held for 3
years. It shows proceeds (in box 1d) of
$6,000 and cost or other basis (in
box 1e) of $2,000. Box 3 is checked,
meaning that basis was reported to the
IRS. You don't need to make any adjustments to the amounts reported on Form
1099-B or enter any codes. This was
your only 2018 transaction. Instead of
reporting this transaction on Form 8949,
you can enter $6,000 on Schedule D,
line 8a, column (d), $2,000 in column
(e), and $4,000 ($6,000 − $2,000) in column (h).
If you had a second transaction that
was the same except that the proceeds
were $5,000 and the basis was $3,000,
combine the two transactions. Enter
$11,000 ($6,000 + $5,000) on Schedule D, line 8a, column (d), $5,000
($2,000 + $3,000) in column (e), and

$6,000 ($11,000 − $5,000) in column
(h).
Example 2—basis not reported to
the IRS. You received a Form 1099-B
showing proceeds (in box 1d) of $6,000
and cost or other basis (in box 1e) of
$2,000. Box 3 isn't checked, meaning
that basis wasn't reported to the IRS.
Don't report this transaction on line 1a
or line 8a. Instead, report the transaction
on Form 8949. Complete all necessary
pages of Form 8949 before completing
line 1b, 2, 3, 8b, 9, or 10 of Schedule D.
Example 3—adjustment. You received a Form 1099-B showing proceeds (in box 1d) of $6,000 and cost or
other basis (in box 1e) of $2,000. Box 3
is checked, meaning that basis was reported to the IRS. However, the basis
shown in box 1e is incorrect. Don't report this transaction on line 1a or
line 8a. Instead, report the transaction on
Form 8949. See the instructions for
Form 8949, columns (f), (g), and (h).
Complete all necessary pages of Form
8949 before completing line 1b, 2, 3, 8b,
9, or 10 of Schedule D.

Lines 1b, 2, 3, 8b, 9, and 10,
Column (h)—Transactions
Reported on Form 8949
Figure gain or loss on each line. First,
subtract the cost or other basis in column (e) from the proceeds (sales price)
in column (d). Then combine the result
with any adjustments in column (g). Enter the gain or loss in column (h). Enter
negative amounts in parentheses.
Example 1—gain. Column (d) is
$6,000 and column (e) is $2,000. Enter
$4,000 in column (h).
Example 2—loss. Column (d) is
$6,000 and column (e) is $8,000. Enter
($2,000) in column (h).
Example
3—adjustment. Column
(d) is $6,000, column (e) is $2,000, and
column (g) is ($1,000). Enter $3,000
($6,000 − $2,000 − $1,000) in column
(h).

Line 13
See Capital Gain Distributions, earlier.

Line 18
If you checked “Yes” on line 17, complete the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet in

D-12

these instructions if either of the following applies for 2018.
• You reported in Part II of Form
8949 a section 1202 exclusion from the
eligible gain on QSB stock (see Exclusion of Gain on Qualified Small Business (QSB) Stock, earlier).
• You reported in Part II of Form
8949 a collectibles gain or (loss). A collectibles gain or (loss) is any long-term
gain or deductible long-term loss from
the sale or exchange of a collectible that
is a capital asset.
Collectibles include works of art,
rugs, antiques, metals (such as gold, silver, and platinum bullion), gems,
stamps, coins, alcoholic beverages, and
certain other tangible property.
Include on the worksheet any gain
(but not loss) from the sale or exchange
of an interest in a partnership, S corporation, or trust held for more than 1 year
and attributable to unrealized appreciation of collectibles. For details, see Regulations section 1.1(h)-1. Also, attach
the statement required under Regulations section 1.1(h)-1(e).

Line 19
If you checked “Yes” on line 17, complete the Unrecaptured Section 1250
Gain Worksheet in these instructions if
any of the following apply for 2018.
• You sold or otherwise disposed of
section 1250 property (generally, real
property that you depreciated) held more
than 1 year.
• You received installment payments
for section 1250 property held more than
1 year for which you are reporting gain
on the installment method.
• You received a Schedule K-1 from
an estate or trust, partnership, or S corporation that shows “unrecaptured section 1250 gain.”
• You received a Form 1099-DIV or
Form 2439 from a real estate investment
trust or regulated investment company
(including a mutual fund) that reports
“unrecaptured section 1250 gain.”
• You reported a long-term capital
gain from the sale or exchange of an interest in a partnership that owned section
1250 property.
Instructions for the Unrecaptured
Section 1250 Gain Worksheet
Lines 1 through 3. If you had more
than one property described on line 1,
complete lines 1 through 3 for each

property on a separate worksheet. Enter
the total of the line 3 amounts for all
properties on line 3 and go to line 4.
Line 4. To figure the amount to enter
on line 4, follow the steps below for
each installment sale of trade or business
property held more than 1 year.
Step 1. Figure the smaller of (a) the
depreciation allowed or allowable, or (b)
the total gain for the sale. This is the
smaller of line 22 or line 24 of your
2018 Form 4797 (or the comparable
lines of Form 4797 for the year of sale)
for the property.
Step 2. Reduce the amount figured in
Step 1 by any section 1250 ordinary income recapture for the sale. This is the
amount from line 26g of your 2018
Form 4797 (or the comparable line of
Form 4797 for the year of sale) for the
property. The result is your total unrecaptured section 1250 gain that must be
allocated to the installment payments received from the sale.

1250 gain for installment payments received in 2018 as the smaller of (a) the
amount from line 26 or line 37 of your
2018 Form 6252, whichever applies, or
(b) the amount of unrecaptured section
1250 gain remaining to be reported. This
amount is generally the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain for the sale reduced by all gain reported in prior years
(excluding section 1250 ordinary income recapture). However, if you chose
not to treat all of the gain from payments
received after May 6, 1997, and before
August 24, 1999, as unrecaptured section 1250 gain, use only the amount you
chose to treat as unrecaptured section
1250 gain for those payments to reduce
the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain
remaining to be reported for the sale. Include this amount on line 4.

Step 3. Generally, the entire amount
of gain from the sale of trade or business
property included in each installment
payment is treated as unrecaptured section 1250 gain until the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain figured in Step 2
has been used in full. Figure the amount
of gain treated as unrecaptured section

28% Rate Gain Worksheet—Line 18

Keep for Your Records

1. Enter the total of all collectibles gain or (loss) from items you reported on Form 8949, Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
2. Enter as a positive number the total of:
• Any section 1202 exclusion you reported in column (g) of Form 8949,
Part II, with code “Q” in column (f), that is 50% of the gain;
• 2/3 of any section 1202 exclusion you reported in column (g) of Form
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
8949, Part II, with code “Q” in column (f), that is 60% of the gain; and
1/3 of any section 1202 exclusion you reported in column (g) of Form
•
8949, Part II, with code “Q” in column (f), that is 75% of the gain.
Don’t make an entry for any section 1202 exclusion that is 100% of the gain.
3. Enter the total of all collectibles gain or (loss) from Form 4684, line 4 (but only if Form 4684, line 15, is more
than zero); Form 6252; Form 6781, Part II; and Form 8824 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
4. Enter the total of any collectibles gain reported to you on:
• Form 1099-DIV, box 2d;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
• Form 2439, box 1d; and
• Schedule K-1 from a partnership, S corporation, estate, or trust.
5. Enter your long-term capital loss carryovers from Schedule D, line 14, and Schedule K-1 (Form 1041),
5. (
box 11, code C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. If Schedule D, line 7, is a (loss), enter that (loss) here. Otherwise, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. (
7. Combine lines 1 through 6. If zero or less, enter -0-. If more than zero, also enter this amount on
Schedule D, line 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.

D-13

)
)

Line 10. Include on line 10 your share
of the partnership's unrecaptured section
1250 gain that would result if the partnership had transferred all of its section
1250 property in a fully taxable transaction immediately before you sold or exchanged your interest in that partnership.
If you recognized less than all of the realized gain, the partnership will be treated as having transferred only a proportionate amount of each section 1250
property. For details, see Regulations
section 1.1(h)-1. Also attach the statement required under Regulations
section 1.1(h)-1(e).
Line 12. An example of an amount to
include on line 12 is unrecaptured section 1250 gain from the sale of a vacation home you previously used as a rental property but converted to personal use
prior to the sale. To figure the amount to
enter on line 12, follow the applicable
instructions below.

Installment sales. To figure the
amount to include on line 12, follow the
steps below for each installment sale of
property held more than 1 year for
which you didn't make an entry in Part I
of your Form 4797 for the year of sale.
• Step 1. Figure the smaller of (a)
the depreciation allowed or allowable, or
(b) the total gain for the sale. This is the
smaller of line 22 or line 24 of your
2018 Form 4797 (or the comparable
lines of Form 4797 for the year of sale)
for the property.
• Step 2. Reduce the amount figured
in step 1 by any section 1250 ordinary
income recapture for the sale. This is the
amount from line 26g of your 2018
Form 4797 (or the comparable line of
Form 4797 for the year of sale) for the
property. The result is your total unrecaptured section 1250 gain that must be
allocated to the installment payments received from the sale.

• Step 3. Generally, the amount of
capital gain on each installment payment
is treated as unrecaptured section 1250
gain until the total unrecaptured section
1250 gain figured in step 2 has been
used in full. Figure the amount of gain
treated as unrecaptured section 1250
gain for installment payments received
in 2018 as the smaller of (a) the amount
from line 26 or line 37 of your 2018
Form 6252, whichever applies, or (b) the
amount of unrecaptured section 1250
gain remaining to be reported. This
amount is generally the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain for the sale reduced by all gain reported in prior years
(excluding section 1250 ordinary income recapture). However, if you chose
not to treat all of the gain from payments
received after May 6, 1997, and before
August 24, 1999, as unrecaptured section 1250 gain, use only the amount you
chose to treat as unrecaptured section

Unrecaptured Section 1250 Gain Worksheet—Line 19

Keep for Your Records

If you aren't reporting a gain on Form 4797, line 7, skip lines 1 through 9 and go to line 10.
1. If you have a section 1250 property in Part III of Form 4797 for which you made an entry in Part I of Form
4797 (but not on Form 6252), enter the smaller of line 22 or line 24 of Form 4797 for that property. If you
didn't have any such property, go to line 4. If you had more than one such property, see instructions . . . . . . . .
2. Enter the amount from Form 4797, line 26g, for the property for which you made an entry on line 1 . . . . . . . .
3. Subtract line 2 from line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Enter the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain included on line 26 or line 37 of Form(s) 6252 from installment
sales of trade or business property held more than 1 year. See instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Enter the total of any amounts reported to you on a Schedule K-1 from a partnership or an S corporation as
“unrecaptured section 1250 gain” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Add lines 3 through 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Enter the smaller of line 6 or the gain from Form 4797, line 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
8. Enter the amount, if any, from Form 4797, line 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.
9. Subtract line 8 from line 7. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Enter the amount of any gain from the sale or exchange of an interest in a partnership attributable to
unrecaptured section 1250 gain. See instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Enter the total of any amounts reported to you as “unrecaptured section 1250 gain” on a Schedule K-1, Form
1099-DIV, or Form 2439 from an estate, trust, real estate investment trust, or mutual fund (or other regulated
investment company) or in connection with a Form 1099-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Enter the total of any unrecaptured section 1250 gain from sales (including installment sales) or other
dispositions of section 1250 property held more than 1 year for which you didn't make an entry in Part I of
Form 4797 for the year of sale. See instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. Add lines 9 through 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14. If you had any section 1202 gain or collectibles gain or (loss), enter the total of lines 1
through 4 of the 28% Rate Gain Worksheet. Otherwise, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.
15. Enter the (loss), if any, from Schedule D, line 7. If Schedule D, line 7, is zero or a
)
gain, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. (
16. Enter your long-term capital loss carryovers from Schedule D, line 14, and
)
Schedule K-1 (Form 1041), box 11, code C* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. (
17. Combine lines 14 through 16. If the result is a (loss), enter it as a positive amount. If the result is zero or a gain,
enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18. Unrecaptured section 1250 gain. Subtract line 17 from line 13. If zero or less, enter -0-. If more than zero,
enter the result here and on Schedule D, line 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* If you are filing Form 2555 or 2555-EZ (relating to foreign earned income), see the footnote in the Foreign
Earned Income Tax Worksheet in the Form 1040 instructions before completing this line.

D-14

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

17.
18.

1250 gain for those payments to reduce
the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain
remaining to be reported for the sale. Include this amount on line 12.
Other sales or dispositions of section
1250 property. For each sale of property held more than 1 year (for which you
didn't make an entry in Part I of Form
4797), figure the smaller of (a) the depreciation allowed or allowable, or (b)
the total gain for the sale. This is the
smaller of line 22 or line 24 of Form
4797 for the property. Next, reduce that

amount by any section 1250 ordinary income recapture for the sale. This is the
amount from line 26g of Form 4797 for
the property. The result is the total unrecaptured section 1250 gain for the
sale. Include this amount on line 12.

Line 21
You have a capital loss carryover from
2018 to 2019 if you have a loss on
line 16 and either:
• That loss is more than the loss on
line 2; or

D-15

• The amount on Form 1040, line 10
(or Form 1040NR, line 39, if applicable), is less than zero.
To figure any capital loss carryover
to 2019, you will use the Capital Loss
Carryover Worksheet in the 2019 Instructions for Schedule D. If you want to
figure your carryover to 2019 now, see
Pub. 550.
You will need a copy of your

TIP 2018 Form 1040 and Schedule D to figure your capital loss
carryover to 2019.

Schedule D Tax Worksheet

Keep for Your Records

Complete this worksheet only if line 18 or line 19 of Schedule D is more than zero and lines 15 and 16 of Schedule D are gains. Otherwise,
complete the Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet in the instructions for Form 1040, line 11a (or in the instructions for
Form 1040NR, line 42) to figure your tax. Before completing this worksheet, complete Form 1040 through line 10 (or Form 1040NR
through line 41).
Exception: Don’t use the Qualified Dividends and Capital Gain Tax Worksheet or this worksheet to figure your tax if:
• Line 15 or line 16 of Schedule D is zero or less and you have no qualified dividends on Form 1040, line 3a (or Form 1040NR, line 10b); or
• Form 1040, line 10 (or Form 1040NR, line 41) is zero or less.
Instead, see the instructions for Form 1040, line 11a (or Form 1040NR, line 42).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

16.
17.
18a.
b.
c.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Enter your taxable income from Form 1040, line 10 (or Form 1040NR, line 41). (However, if you are filing Form
2555 or 2555-EZ (relating to foreign earned income), enter instead the amount from line 3 of the Foreign Earned
Income Tax Worksheet in the instructions for Form 1040, line 11a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enter your qualified dividends from Form 1040, line 3a
(or Form 1040NR, line 10b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
Enter the amount from Form 4952 (used
to figure investment interest expense
deduction), line 4g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.
Enter the amount from Form 4952,
line 4e* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.
Subtract line 4 from line 3. If zero or less,
enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.
Subtract line 5 from line 2. If zero or less, enter -0-** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.
Enter the smaller of line 15 or line 16
of Schedule D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.
Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.
Subtract line 8 from line 7. If zero or less, enter -0-** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.
Add lines 6 and 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.
Add lines 18 and 19 of Schedule D** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.
Enter the smaller of line 9 or line 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.
Subtract line 12 from line 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subtract line 13 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enter:
• $38,600 if single or married filing separately;
• $77,200 if married filing jointly or qualifying
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.
widow(er); or
• $51,700 if head of household.
Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.
Enter the smaller of line 14 or line 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.
Subtract line 10 from line 1. If zero or less,
enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18a.
Enter the smaller of line 1 or $157,500 ($315,000 if
married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)) . . . . . . . b.
Enter the smaller of line 14 or line 18b . . . . . . . . . . . . c.
Enter the larger of line 18a or line 18c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.
Subtract line 17 from line 16. This amount is taxed at 0%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.
If lines 1 and 16 are the same, skip lines 21 through 41 and go to line 42. Otherwise, go to line 21.
Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.
Enter the amount from line 20. (If line 20 is blank, enter -0-.) . . . . . . . . . . . 22.
Subtract line 22 from line 21. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.
Enter:
• $425,800 if single;
• $239,500 if married filing separately;
• $479,000 if married filing jointly or
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.
qualifying widow(er); or
• $452,400 if head of household.
Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.
Add lines 19 and 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.
Subtract line 26 from line 25. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.
Enter the smaller of line 23 or line 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28.
Multiply line 28 by 15% (0.15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add lines 22 and 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.
If lines 1 and 30 are the same, skip lines 31 through 41 and go to line 42. Otherwise, go to line 31.

D-16

..

1.

. . 13.
. . 14.

. . 29.

Keep for Your Records

Schedule D Tax Worksheet—Continued
31.
32.

Subtract line 30 from line 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.
Multiply line 31 by 20% (0.20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.

If Schedule D, line 19, is zero or blank, skip lines 33 through 38 and go to line 39. Otherwise, go to line 33.
Enter the smaller of line 9 above or Schedule D, line 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.

34.
35.

Add lines 10 and 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.
Enter the amount from line 1 above . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.

36.

Subtract line 35 from line 34. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38.

36.
Subtract line 36 from line 33. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.
Multiply line 37 by 25% (0.25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39.

If Schedule D, line 18, is zero or blank, skip lines 39 through 41 and go to line 42. Otherwise, go to line 39.
Add lines 19, 20, 28, 31, and 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.

37.

40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

Subtract line 39 from line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.
Multiply line 40 by 28% (0.28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure the tax on the amount on line 19. If the amount on line 19 is less than $100,000, use the Tax Table to figure
the tax. If the amount on line 19 is $100,000 or more, use the Tax Computation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add lines 29, 32, 38, 41, and 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure the tax on the amount on line 1. If the amount on line 1 is less than $100,000, use the Tax Table to figure the
tax. If the amount on line 1 is $100,000 or more, use the Tax Computation Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax on all taxable income (including capital gains and qualified dividends). Enter the smaller of line 43 or
line 44. Also include this amount on Form 1040, line 11a (or Form 1040NR, line 42). (If you are filing Form 2555
or 2555-EZ, don't enter this amount on Form 1040, line 11a. Instead, enter it on line 4 of the Foreign Earned
Income Tax Worksheet in the Form 1040 instructions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* If applicable, enter instead the smaller amount you entered on the dotted line next to line 4e of Form 4952.
** If you are filing Form 2555 or 2555-EZ, see the footnote in the Foreign Earned Income Tax Worksheet in the
instructions for Form 1040, line 11a, before completing this line.

D-17

32.

38.

41.
42.
43.
44.

45.