BLS Employment Situation

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, July 2, 2020

USDL-20-1310

Technical information:
Household data:
[email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2020
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 4.8 million in June, and the unemployment rate declined
to 11.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the labor
market reflected the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed in March and
April due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In June, employment in
leisure and hospitality rose sharply. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, education and health
services, other services, manufacturing, and professional and business services.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
June 2018 – June 2020

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, June 2018 – June 2020

Percent

Thousands

16.0

10,000

14.0

5,000

12.0

0

10.0

-5,000

8.0

-10,000

6.0

-15,000

4.0

-20,000

2.0

-25,000

Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20

Jun-18

Sep-18

Dec-18

Mar-19

Jun-19

Sep-19

Dec-19

Mar-20

Jun-20

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate declined by 2.2 percentage points to 11.1 percent in June, and the number of
unemployed persons fell by 3.2 million to 17.8 million. Although unemployment fell in May and June,
the jobless rate and the number of unemployed are up by 7.6 percentage points and 12.0 million,

respectively, since February. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and
its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 5.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in June for adult men (10.2
percent), adult women (11.2 percent), teenagers (23.2 percent), Whites (10.1 percent), Blacks (15.4
percent), and Hispanics (14.5 percent). The jobless rate for Asians (13.8 percent) changed little over the
month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of unemployed persons who were on temporary layoff decreased by 4.8 million in June to
10.6 million, following a decline of 2.7 million in May. The number of permanent job losers continued
to rise, increasing by 588,000 to 2.9 million in June. The number of unemployed reentrants to the labor
force rose by 711,000 to 2.4 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the
labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.)
The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks declined by 1.0 million to 2.8
million in June. Unemployed persons who were jobless 5 to 14 weeks numbered 11.5 million, down by
3.3 million over the month, and accounted for 65.2 percent of the unemployed. By contrast, the number
of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks and the long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
saw over-the-month increases (+825,000 to 1.9 million and +227,000 to 1.4 million, respectively). (See
table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate increased by 0.7 percentage point in June to 61.5 percent, but is 1.9
percentage points below its February level. Total employment, as measured by the household survey,
rose by 4.9 million to 142.2 million in June. The employment-population ratio, at 54.6 percent, rose by
1.8 percentage points over the month but is 6.5 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A1.)
In June, the number of persons who usually work full time increased by 2.4 million to 118.9 million,
and the number who usually work part time also rose by 2.4 million to 23.2 million. (See table A-9.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons declined by 1.6 million to 9.1
million in June but is still more than double its February level. These individuals, who would have
preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they
were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons
who usually work part time. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 8.2 million, declined by
767,000 in June but remained 3.2 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were
unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Persons marginally attached to the labor force—a subset of persons not in the labor force who
currently want a job—numbered 2.5 million in June, little different from the prior month. These
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for
them, numbered 681,000 in June, essentially unchanged from the previous month. (See Summary table
A.)
-2-

Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 4.8 million in June, following an increase of 2.7
million in May. These gains reflect a partial resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due
to the coronavirus pandemic in April and March, when employment fell by a total of 22.2 million in the
2 months combined. In June, nonfarm employment was 14.7 million, or 9.6 percent, lower than its
February level. Employment in leisure and hospitality rose sharply in June. Notable job gains also
occurred in retail trade, education and health services, other services, manufacturing, and professional
and business services. Employment continued to decline in mining. (See table B-1. For more
information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus
pandemic, see the box note on page 5.)
In June, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 2.1 million, accounting for about twofifths of the gain in total nonfarm employment. Over the month, employment in food services and
drinking places rose by 1.5 million, following a gain of the same magnitude in May. Despite these gains,
employment in food services and drinking places is down by 3.1 million since February. Employment
also rose in June in amusements, gambling, and recreation (+353,000) and in the accommodation
industry (+239,000).
In June, employment in retail trade rose by 740,000, after a gain of 372,000 in May and losses totaling
2.4 million in March and April combined. On net, employment in the industry is 1.3 million lower than
in February. In June, notable job gains occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+202,000),
general merchandise stores (+108,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (+84,000), and motor
vehicle and parts dealers (+84,000).
Employment increased by 568,000 in education and health services in June but is 1.8 million below
February’s level. Health care employment increased by 358,000 over the month, with gains in offices of
dentists (+190,000), offices of physicians (+80,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+48,000).
Elsewhere in health care, job losses continued in nursing care facilities (-18,000). Employment increased
in the social assistance industry (+117,000), reflecting gains in child day care services (+80,000) and in
individual and family services (+28,000). Employment in private education rose by 93,000 over the
month.
Employment increased in the other services industry in June (+357,000), with about three-fourths of the
increase occurring in personal and laundry services (+264,000). Since February, employment in the
other services industry is down by 752,000.
In June, manufacturing employment rose by 356,000 but is down by 757,000 since February. June
employment increases were concentrated in the durable goods component, with motor vehicles and parts
(+196,000) accounting for over half of the job gain in manufacturing. Employment also increased over
the month in miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing (+26,000) and machinery (+18,000). Within
the nondurable goods component, the largest job gain occurred in plastics and rubber products
(+22,000).
Professional and business services added 306,000 jobs in June, but employment is 1.8 million below
its February level. In June, employment rose in temporary help services (+149,000), services to
buildings and dwellings (+53,000), and accounting and bookkeeping services (+18,000). By contrast,
employment declined in computer systems design and related services (-20,000).
-3-

Construction employment increased by 158,000 in June, following a gain of 453,000 in May. These
gains accounted for more than half of the decline in March and April (-1.1 million combined). Over-themonth gains occurred in specialty trade contractors (+135,000), with growth about equally split between
the residential and nonresidential components. Job gains also occurred in construction of buildings
(+32,000).
Transportation and warehousing added 99,000 jobs in June, following declines in the prior 2 months
(-588,000 in April and May combined). In June, employment rose in warehousing and storage
(+61,000), couriers and messengers (+21,000), truck transportation (+8,000), and support activities for
transportation (+7,000).
Wholesale trade employment rose by 68,000 in June but is down by 317,000 since February. In June,
job gains occurred in the durable goods (+39,000) and nondurable goods (+27,000) components.
Financial activities added 32,000 jobs in June, with over half of the gain in real estate (+18,000). Since
February, employment in financial activities is down by 237,000.
Government employment changed little in June (+33,000), as job gains in local government education
(+70,000) were partially offset by job losses in state government (-25,000). Government employment is
1.5 million below its February level.
Mining continued to lose jobs in June (-10,000), with most of the decline occurring in support activities
for mining (-7,000). Mining employment is down by 123,000 since a recent peak in January 2019,
although nearly three-fourths of the decline has occurred since February 2020.
In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 35 cents to
$29.37. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
decreased by 23 cents to $24.74 in June. The decreases in average hourly earnings largely reflect job
gains among lower-paid workers; these changes put downward pressure on the average hourly earnings
estimates. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour to 34.5
hours in June. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.5 hour to 39.2 hours, and overtime was
unchanged at 2.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2 hour to 33.9 hours. The recent employment changes, especially in
industries with shorter workweeks, complicate monthly comparisons of the average weekly hours
estimates. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 100,000, from -20.7
million to -20.8 million, and the change for May was revised up by 190,000, from +2.5 million to +2.7
million. With these revisions, employment in April and May combined was 90,000 higher than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 7, 2020, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

-4-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on June 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data
Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the
establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the data is assigned to four regional data collection
centers. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect
data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report electronically. The collection rate
for the establishment survey in June was 63 percent, lower than collection rates prior to the pandemic.
The household survey is generally collected through in-person and telephone interviews, but personal
interviews were not conducted for the safety of interviewers and respondents. The household survey
response rate, at 65 percent, was about 18 percentage points lower than in months prior to the pandemic.
In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period
including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs.
Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not
counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.
In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force
based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week
(June 7th through June 13th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey
reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on temporary
layoff. In June, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff.
As was the case in March, April, and May, household survey interviewers were instructed to classify
employed persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures as
unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest that
this group still included some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as
unemployed on temporary layoff.
The degree of misclassification declined considerably in June. BLS and Census Bureau staff have been
reviewing survey responses that might have been misclassified. The misclassification hinges on a
question about the main reason people were absent from their jobs. If people who were absent due to
temporary, pandemic-related closures were recorded as absent due to “other reasons,” they could have
been misclassified. When interviewers record a response of “other reason,” they also add a few words
describing that other reason. The review of these brief descriptions found that the share of responses that
may have been misclassified was much smaller in June than in prior months. BLS and the
Census Bureau are continuing to investigate the misclassification and are taking additional steps to
address the issue.
If the workers who were recorded as employed but absent from work due to “other reasons” (over and
above the number absent for other reasons in a typical June) had been classified as unemployed on
temporary layoff, the overall unemployment rate would have been about 1 percentage point higher than
reported (on a not seasonally adjusted basis). However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate
of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error.
According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain
data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses.
More information is available at www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-june-2020.pdf .
-5-

2020 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data to be
released on August 19, 2020
Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment
from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts
are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to
file. On August 19, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the
preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision. This is the same day that the firstquarter 2020 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major industry
sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm .
The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2021 Employment
Situation news release in February 2021.

-6-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020

Change from:
May 2020June 2020

June
2020

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

259,037
163,133
63.0
157,148
60.7
5,985
3.7
95,905

259,896
156,481
60.2
133,403
51.3
23,078
14.7
103,415

260,047
158,227
60.8
137,242
52.8
20,985
13.3
101,820

260,204
159,932
61.5
142,182
54.6
17,750
11.1
100,273

157
1,705
0.7
4,940
1.8
-3,235
-2.2
-1,547

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.7
3.3
3.3
12.7
3.3
6.0
2.1
4.3

14.7
13.0
15.5
31.9
14.2
16.7
14.5
18.9

13.3
11.6
13.9
29.9
12.4
16.8
15.0
17.6

11.1
10.2
11.2
23.2
10.1
15.4
13.8
14.5

-2.2
-1.4
-2.7
-6.7
-2.3
-1.4
-1.2
-3.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.0
5.3
3.9
3.0
2.1

13.1
21.2
17.3
15.0
8.4

11.6
19.9
15.3
13.3
7.4

9.7
16.6
12.1
10.9
6.9

-1.9
-3.3
-3.2
-2.4
-0.5

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,744
889
1,850
537

20,626
570
1,477
389

18,291
554
1,645
536

14,272
565
2,356
563

-4,019
11
711
27

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

1,949
1,832
776
1,413

14,283
7,004
833
939

3,875
14,814
1,078
1,164

2,838
11,496
1,903
1,391

-1,037
-3,318
825
227

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,350
2,704
1,338
21,538

10,887
9,939
697
12,355

10,633
9,543
843
14,394

9,062
7,939
942
17,137

-1,571
-1,604
99
2,743

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,555
427

2,281
574

2,394
662

2,471
681

77
19

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

182
180
26
-2
19
9
8
-0.7
1
154
1.2
-5.4
21.1
1.5
12
5
41
-4.5
55
47.9
7
15
2

-20,787
-19,835
-2,388
-53
-1,018
-1,317
-905
-354.9
-412
-17,447
-385.2
-2,299.0
-559.8
-3.6
-279
-261
-2,202
-840.5
-2,603
-2,135.5
-7,575
-1,279
-952

2,699
3,232
684
-19
453
250
153
43.3
97
2,548
12.3
371.5
-28.3
-1.6
-39
10
160
46.9
399
369.5
1,403
261
-533

4,800
4,767
504
-10
158
356
290
195.8
66
4,263
67.6
739.8
98.7
-3.2
9
32
306
148.9
568
474.9
2,088
357
33

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159
151

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.9
48.5
82.3

34.4
$27.96
$961.82
110.7
0.1
148.0
0.5

58.9
57.2

-7,303
-6,990

49.3
47.6
80.4

34.2
$30.03
$1,027.03
93.2
-15.2
133.8
-11.2

4.3
2.6

-6,487
-5,986

49.2
47.6
80.6

34.7
$29.72
$1,031.28
97.4
4.5
138.3
3.4

63.0
70.4

-4,429
-3,945

49.5
48.1
81.0

34.5
$29.37
$1,013.27
100.9
3.6
141.7
2.5

75.2
77.0

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 697,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000
(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

259,037
164,120
63.4
157,828
60.9
6,292
3.8
94,917
5,725

260,047
157,975
60.7
137,461
52.9
20,514
13.0
102,072
9,422

260,204
160,883
61.8
142,811
54.9
18,072
11.2
99,321
8,633

259,037
163,133
63.0
157,148
60.7
5,985
3.7
95,905
5,312

259,628
164,546
63.4
158,759
61.1
5,787
3.5
95,082
4,962

259,758
162,913
62.7
155,772
60.0
7,140
4.4
96,845
5,509

259,896
156,481
60.2
133,403
51.3
23,078
14.7
103,415
9,916

260,047
158,227
60.8
137,242
52.8
20,985
13.3
101,820
8,962

260,204
159,932
61.5
142,182
54.6
17,750
11.1
100,273
8,195

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125,285
87,415
69.8
84,189
67.2
3,226
3.7
37,870

125,782
83,963
66.8
74,004
58.8
9,959
11.9
41,818

125,860
85,429
67.9
76,425
60.7
9,004
10.5
40,431

125,285
86,549
69.1
83,358
66.5
3,191
3.7
38,736

125,575
87,008
69.3
83,871
66.8
3,137
3.6
38,568

125,639
86,123
68.5
82,357
65.6
3,765
4.4
39,516

125,707
83,139
66.1
71,916
57.2
11,223
13.5
42,569

125,782
83,900
66.7
73,702
58.6
10,199
12.2
41,881

125,860
84,596
67.2
75,629
60.1
8,967
10.6
41,264

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116,843
83,837
71.8
81,173
69.5
2,663
3.2
33,006

117,410
81,240
69.2
72,076
61.4
9,164
11.3
36,170

117,492
82,203
70.0
74,002
63.0
8,201
10.0
35,289

116,843
83,568
71.5
80,780
69.1
2,788
3.3
33,275

117,181
84,001
71.7
81,202
69.3
2,799
3.3
33,180

117,254
83,176
70.9
79,832
68.1
3,344
4.0
34,078

117,330
80,461
68.6
69,977
59.6
10,483
13.0
36,870

117,410
81,057
69.0
71,672
61.0
9,385
11.6
36,352

117,492
81,995
69.8
73,641
62.7
8,354
10.2
35,497

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133,753
76,705
57.3
73,639
55.1
3,066
4.0
57,048

134,265
74,011
55.1
63,457
47.3
10,554
14.3
60,254

134,344
75,454
56.2
66,386
49.4
9,068
12.0
58,890

133,753
76,584
57.3
73,790
55.2
2,793
3.6
57,169

134,053
77,538
57.8
74,888
55.9
2,651
3.4
56,514

134,119
76,790
57.3
73,415
54.7
3,375
4.4
57,329

134,189
73,343
54.7
61,487
45.8
11,855
16.2
60,847

134,265
74,327
55.4
63,540
47.3
10,787
14.5
59,938

134,344
75,336
56.1
66,552
49.5
8,783
11.7
59,009

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125,509
73,297
58.4
70,714
56.3
2,583
3.5
52,212

126,072
71,316
56.6
61,630
48.9
9,686
13.6
54,755

126,155
72,214
57.2
63,925
50.7
8,289
11.5
53,940

125,509
73,655
58.7
71,209
56.7
2,447
3.3
51,853

125,841
74,501
59.2
72,179
57.4
2,323
3.1
51,340

125,915
73,840
58.6
70,886
56.3
2,954
4.0
52,075

125,991
70,913
56.3
59,947
47.6
10,966
15.5
55,079

126,072
71,558
56.8
61,638
48.9
9,920
13.9
54,514

126,155
72,580
57.5
64,426
51.1
8,154
11.2
53,575

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,686
6,986
41.9
5,941
35.6
1,046
15.0
9,700

16,566
5,419
32.7
3,755
22.7
1,663
30.7
11,147

16,557
6,466
39.1
4,884
29.5
1,582
24.5
10,092

16,686
5,910
35.4
5,159
30.9
751
12.7
10,776

16,606
6,043
36.4
5,378
32.4
665
11.0
10,562

16,590
5,897
35.5
5,054
30.5
843
14.3
10,693

16,574
5,108
30.8
3,479
21.0
1,628
31.9
11,467

16,566
5,612
33.9
3,932
23.7
1,681
29.9
10,953

16,557
5,356
32.3
4,114
24.8
1,242
23.2
11,201

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

200,746
127,131
63.3
122,708
61.1
4,422
3.5
73,615

201,154
122,552
60.9
107,761
53.6
14,792
12.1
78,602

201,233
124,744
62.0
112,020
55.7
12,725
10.2
76,488

200,746
126,319
62.9
122,199
60.9
4,120
3.3
74,427

200,968
127,146
63.3
123,189
61.3
3,957
3.1
73,821

201,023
126,021
62.7
121,042
60.2
4,979
4.0
75,002

201,082
121,242
60.3
104,065
51.8
17,176
14.2
79,840

201,154
122,661
61.0
107,499
53.4
15,162
12.4
78,493

201,233
124,009
61.6
111,538
55.4
12,470
10.1
77,224

66,203
72.0
64,343
70.0
1,860
2.8

64,294
69.7
57,633
62.5
6,661
10.4

64,888
70.3
59,214
64.2
5,674
8.7

65,942
71.7
64,015
69.6
1,928
2.9

66,153
71.8
64,204
69.7
1,950
2.9

65,522
71.1
63,120
68.5
2,402
3.7

63,645
69.1
55,776
60.5
7,869
12.4

64,125
69.5
57,263
62.1
6,862
10.7

64,688
70.1
58,898
63.8
5,790
9.0

55,430
57.4
53,586
55.5
1,844
3.3

54,129
55.9
47,194
48.8
6,935
12.8

54,800
56.6
48,957
50.6
5,843
10.7

55,758
57.8
54,054
56.0
1,704
3.1

56,247
58.2
54,692
56.6
1,555
2.8

55,878
57.8
53,878
55.7
2,000
3.6

53,634
55.4
45,563
47.1
8,071
15.0

54,294
56.1
47,195
48.8
7,099
13.1

55,147
56.9
49,440
51.1
5,707
10.3

5,498
44.9
4,780
39.0
718
13.1

4,129
34.0
2,934
24.1
1,196
29.0

5,056
41.6
3,848
31.7
1,208
23.9

4,619
37.7
4,131
33.7
489
10.6

4,746
39.0
4,294
35.2
452
9.5

4,621
38.0
4,043
33.2
578
12.5

3,963
32.6
2,727
22.4
1,236
31.2

4,242
34.9
3,041
25.0
1,202
28.3

4,174
34.4
3,201
26.4
973
23.3

33,014
20,581
62.3
19,319
58.5
1,262
6.1
12,432

33,294
19,815
59.5
16,530
49.6
3,285
16.6
13,479

33,323
20,134
60.4
17,019
51.1
3,115
15.5
13,189

33,014
20,439
61.9
19,216
58.2
1,223
6.0
12,575

33,211
20,946
63.1
19,730
59.4
1,216
5.8
12,266

33,238
20,596
62.0
19,208
57.8
1,387
6.7
12,642

33,267
19,487
58.6
16,240
48.8
3,247
16.7
13,780

33,294
19,858
59.6
16,523
49.6
3,334
16.8
13,436

33,323
20,010
60.0
16,927
50.8
3,083
15.4
13,313

9,378
67.6
8,878
64.0
500
5.3

8,979
64.0
7,606
54.2
1,373
15.3

9,204
65.5
7,752
55.2
1,453
15.8

9,302
67.1
8,773
63.3
528
5.7

9,499
68.0
8,945
64.0
554
5.8

9,477
67.7
8,812
63.0
665
7.0

8,880
63.4
7,448
53.2
1,432
16.1

8,970
63.9
7,583
54.1
1,388
15.5

9,161
65.2
7,670
54.6
1,492
16.3

10,359
62.1
9,813
58.8
546
5.3

10,065
59.7
8,439
50.1
1,627
16.2

10,082
59.8
8,661
51.4
1,422
14.1

10,404
62.4
9,858
59.1
546
5.2

10,721
63.8
10,207
60.8
514
4.8

10,374
61.7
9,830
58.5
543
5.2

9,995
59.4
8,351
49.6
1,644
16.4

10,097
59.9
8,426
50.0
1,671
16.5

10,113
60.0
8,693
51.6
1,420
14.0

844
34.3
628
25.5
216
25.6

771
31.8
485
20.0
285
37.0

848
35.1
607
25.1
241
28.4

733
29.8
585
23.7
149
20.3

725
29.8
578
23.7
148
20.4

745
30.7
566
23.3
180
24.1

612
25.2
441
18.2
171
28.0

791
32.7
515
21.3
276
34.9

735
30.4
564
23.3
171
23.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June
2019
16,557
10,600
64.0
10,361
62.6
239
2.3
5,958

May
2020
16,385
9,932
60.6
8,462
51.6
1,470
14.8
6,453

June
2020
16,471
10,202
61.9
8,786
53.3
1,416
13.9
6,269

June
2019
16,557
10,528
63.6
10,302
62.2
225
2.1
6,030

Feb.
2020
16,421
10,574
64.4
10,312
62.8
262
2.5
5,848

Mar.
2020
16,419
10,470
63.8
10,037
61.1
433
4.1
5,948

Apr.
2020
16,363
9,938
60.7
8,499
51.9
1,438
14.5
6,425

May
2020
16,385
9,968
60.8
8,475
51.7
1,493
15.0
6,417

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

June
2020
16,471
10,108
61.4
8,717
52.9
1,392
13.8
6,362

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

43,453
28,989
66.7
27,721
63.8
1,268
4.4
14,464

44,053
28,173
64.0
23,321
52.9
4,852
17.2
15,880

44,132
29,006
65.7
24,794
56.2
4,212
14.5
15,126

43,453
28,873
66.4
27,621
63.6
1,252
4.3
14,581

43,820
29,852
68.1
28,531
65.1
1,322
4.4
13,968

43,895
29,443
67.1
27,672
63.0
1,771
6.0
14,452

43,975
27,841
63.3
22,579
51.3
5,263
18.9
16,133

44,053
28,218
64.1
23,241
52.8
4,977
17.6
15,834

44,132
28,907
65.5
24,711
56.0
4,195
14.5
15,225

15,677
79.9
15,162
77.3
515
3.3

15,496
77.9
13,217
66.5
2,279
14.7

15,604
78.3
13,654
68.5
1,950
12.5

15,663
79.9
15,099
77.0
564
3.6

16,035
81.1
15,519
78.5
516
3.2

15,844
80.0
15,037
75.9
807
5.1

15,337
77.2
12,776
64.3
2,561
16.7

15,493
77.9
13,154
66.1
2,338
15.1

15,588
78.2
13,590
68.2
1,999
12.8

11,870
59.8
11,365
57.2
506
4.3

11,490
57.0
9,350
46.4
2,140
18.6

11,969
59.3
10,125
50.1
1,844
15.4

11,899
59.9
11,396
57.4
503
4.2

12,441
62.1
11,834
59.1
607
4.9

12,245
61.0
11,507
57.3
738
6.0

11,348
56.4
9,060
45.0
2,288
20.2

11,510
57.1
9,326
46.3
2,184
19.0

11,999
59.4
10,158
50.3
1,841
15.3

1,442
36.2
1,195
30.0
247
17.1

1,187
29.6
754
18.8
433
36.5

1,434
35.7
1,016
25.3
418
29.1

1,311
32.9
1,126
28.2
185
14.1

1,377
34.4
1,177
29.4
199
14.5

1,354
33.8
1,128
28.2
225
16.7

1,157
28.9
743
18.6
414
35.8

1,216
30.3
761
19.0
454
37.4

1,319
32.9
964
24.0
355
26.9

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

Seasonally adjusted
June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,181
46.1
9,713
44.0
467
4.6

8,450
43.1
6,887
35.1
1,563
18.5

8,537
43.9
7,218
37.1
1,319
15.4

10,017
45.4
9,482
43.0
535
5.3

9,710
47.8
9,160
45.1
550
5.7

9,251
45.7
8,626
42.6
625
6.8

8,595
42.8
6,774
33.7
1,821
21.2

8,212
41.9
6,577
33.5
1,634
19.9

8,342
42.9
6,958
35.7
1,385
16.6

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,906
57.5
34,586
55.4
1,319
3.7

33,756
55.0
28,708
46.8
5,048
15.0

33,324
54.8
29,355
48.3
3,969
11.9

36,167
57.9
34,761
55.7
1,407
3.9

36,309
58.3
34,986
56.2
1,323
3.6

35,232
57.4
33,687
54.9
1,545
4.4

33,252
54.6
27,505
45.1
5,747
17.3

33,792
55.0
28,605
46.6
5,187
15.3

33,598
55.3
29,519
48.6
4,079
12.1

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,216
64.7
36,109
62.8
1,107
3.0

36,278
63.1
31,581
54.9
4,697
12.9

36,615
63.8
32,643
56.9
3,972
10.8

37,234
64.7
36,103
62.8
1,131
3.0

37,325
64.8
36,209
62.9
1,116
3.0

37,381
64.7
36,013
62.3
1,368
3.7

35,860
62.5
30,485
53.1
5,376
15.0

36,381
63.3
31,559
54.9
4,821
13.3

36,661
63.8
32,662
56.9
3,999
10.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

58,066
73.3
56,780
71.7
1,286
2.2

60,269
71.7
55,933
66.6
4,336
7.2

61,339
72.1
57,043
67.1
4,296
7.0

58,543
73.9
57,308
72.3
1,235
2.1

59,894
73.1
58,736
71.7
1,158
1.9

60,487
73.0
59,000
71.2
1,487
2.5

60,127
71.6
55,084
65.6
5,043
8.4

60,442
71.9
55,992
66.6
4,450
7.4

61,861
72.7
57,614
67.7
4,247
6.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

June
2019

Men
June
2020

June
2019

Women
June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,837
9,265
49.2
8,967
47.6
298
3.2
9,572

18,485
9,009
48.7
8,233
44.5
776
8.6
9,476

16,954
8,206
48.4
7,956
46.9
250
3.0
8,748

16,582
7,962
48.0
7,286
43.9
675
8.5
8,620

1,883
1,059
56.2
1,011
53.7
48
4.6
824

1,903
1,047
55.0
947
49.7
101
9.6
856

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,363
3,484
79.9
3,350
76.8
134
3.9
879

4,634
3,665
79.1
3,288
70.9
378
10.3
969

3,642
2,994
82.2
2,877
79.0
117
3.9
649

3,886
3,175
81.7
2,865
73.7
311
9.8
711

721
490
68.0
473
65.6
17
3.6
231

748
490
65.5
423
56.6
67
13.7
258

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,029
2,277
75.2
2,219
73.3
58
2.5
752

2,922
2,117
72.5
1,990
68.1
127
6.0
804

2,523
1,951
77.3
1,902
75.4
49
2.5
572

2,408
1,796
74.6
1,689
70.1
107
6.0
612

506
326
64.4
317
62.7
9
2.7
180

514
322
62.6
301
58.6
21
6.4
192

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,229
1,517
21.0
1,471
20.3
46
3.1
5,712

6,842
1,278
18.7
1,171
17.1
107
8.3
5,564

6,980
1,479
21.2
1,439
20.6
40
2.7
5,501

6,603
1,240
18.8
1,139
17.3
101
8.2
5,363

249
39
15.6
32
13.0
6
–
210

239
38
15.8
32
13.5
5
–
201

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,216
1,987
47.1
1,927
45.7
60
3.0
2,229

4,087
1,948
47.7
1,784
43.6
164
8.4
2,139

3,809
1,783
46.8
1,738
45.6
45
2.5
2,026

3,685
1,750
47.5
1,594
43.2
157
9.0
1,935

407
204
50.1
188
46.3
15
7.6
203

402
198
49.1
190
47.3
7
3.7
204

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231,728
152,361
65.7
146,826
63.4
5,535
3.6
79,367

233,074
149,478
64.1
132,834
57.0
16,644
11.1
83,596

104,093
77,902
74.8
75,151
72.2
2,751
3.5
26,191

104,923
76,323
72.7
68,261
65.1
8,062
10.6
28,600

127,635
74,459
58.3
71,675
56.2
2,784
3.7
53,176

128,152
73,155
57.1
64,573
50.4
8,582
11.7
54,997

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2019

June
2020

Persons with no disability
June
2019

June
2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,961
6,456
20.9
5,957
19.2
499
7.7
24,505

29,652
6,228
21.0
5,201
17.5
1,026
16.5
23,424

228,077
157,664
69.1
151,871
66.6
5,793
3.7
70,413

230,552
154,656
67.1
137,610
59.7
17,046
11.0
75,897

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,720
36.4
2,472
33.0
248
9.1
4,760

2,687
36.4
2,244
30.4
443
16.5
4,686

78,896
83.8
76,086
80.8
2,810
3.6
15,244

76,948
81.9
68,941
73.3
8,008
10.4
17,055

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,502
31.6
2,305
29.1
197
7.9
5,427

2,339
32.3
1,908
26.4
431
18.4
4,901

69,646
72.0
66,942
69.2
2,704
3.9
27,086

68,619
70.6
60,541
62.3
8,078
11.8
28,508

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,234
7.9
1,180
7.6
54
4.4
14,318

1,201
8.0
1,050
7.0
151
12.6
13,837

9,122
24.5
8,843
23.8
279
3.1
28,082

9,088
23.1
8,128
20.6
960
10.6
30,334

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

June
2019

Men
June
2020

June
2019

Women
June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,216
28,421
65.8
27,643
64.0
778
2.7
14,796

42,198
26,823
63.6
23,130
54.8
3,693
13.8
15,374

20,842
16,214
77.8
15,870
76.1
344
2.1
4,628

20,107
15,193
75.6
13,312
66.2
1,881
12.4
4,914

22,374
12,207
54.6
11,773
52.6
433
3.6
10,167

22,090
11,630
52.6
9,818
44.4
1,812
15.6
10,460

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

215,821
135,699
62.9
130,185
60.3
5,514
4.1
80,122

218,007
134,060
61.5
119,681
54.9
14,379
10.7
83,947

104,442
71,201
68.2
68,320
65.4
2,881
4.0
33,241

105,753
70,236
66.4
63,113
59.7
7,123
10.1
35,517

111,379
64,498
57.9
61,865
55.5
2,633
4.1
46,881

112,254
63,824
56.9
56,567
50.4
7,257
11.4
48,430

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

2,422
1,551
821
51
155,406
146,537
20,588
125,949
849
125,101
8,850
19

2,365
1,568
764
33
135,096
127,045
19,879
107,166
498
106,667
8,010
41

2,353
1,547
769
37
140,458
131,946
20,466
111,480
564
110,916
8,449
64

2,330
1,492
774
–
154,835
146,003
20,979
124,990
–
124,210
8,782
–

2,466
1,829
645
–
156,283
147,347
20,943
126,282
–
125,487
8,897
–

2,399
1,715
660
–
153,359
144,494
21,081
123,412
–
122,693
8,818
–

2,424
1,695
701
–
131,052
123,401
19,156
104,200
–
103,713
7,544
–

2,341
1,568
738
–
134,965
126,942
19,692
107,228
–
106,723
7,945
–

2,298
1,530
716
–
139,943
131,444
20,889
110,579
–
110,039
8,376
–

4,602
2,837
1,360
20,555

10,429
9,369
892
14,669

9,306
8,043
978
16,210

4,350
2,704
1,338
21,538

4,318
2,776
1,317
22,175

5,765
4,043
1,321
20,601

10,887
9,939
697
12,355

10,633
9,543
843
14,394

9,062
7,939
942
17,137

4,529
2,787
1,347
20,213

10,286
9,237
888
14,289

9,210
7,966
974
15,868

4,266
2,651
1,327
21,194

4,225
2,719
1,313
21,770

5,681
3,965
1,312
20,236

10,730
9,780
695
11,971

10,485
9,408
836
14,009

8,961
7,860
941
16,793

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

157,828
5,941
2,035
3,906
151,888
14,699
137,189
100,449
35,699
32,933
31,816
36,740

137,461
3,755
1,284
2,471
133,706
10,596
123,109
90,147
31,356
30,163
28,628
32,963

142,811
4,884
1,744
3,139
137,927
11,669
126,259
92,407
32,009
30,909
29,489
33,851

157,148
5,159
1,764
3,388
151,989
14,279
137,662
100,724
35,725
33,005
31,994
36,938

158,759
5,378
1,972
3,401
153,381
14,278
139,188
101,426
36,123
33,402
31,901
37,762

155,772
5,054
1,800
3,269
150,719
13,428
137,392
100,313
35,501
33,168
31,644
37,079

133,403
3,479
1,302
2,154
129,924
10,023
119,906
87,769
30,453
29,607
27,709
32,137

137,242
3,932
1,420
2,495
133,310
10,608
122,691
89,943
31,299
30,088
28,555
32,748

142,182
4,114
1,501
2,649
138,068
11,249
126,771
92,702
32,028
30,991
29,683
34,069

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84,189
3,016
1,082
1,934
81,173
7,533
73,641
53,776
19,123
17,867
16,786
19,865

74,004
1,928
609
1,319
72,076
5,475
66,601
48,647
16,869
16,408
15,370
17,954

76,425
2,423
878
1,545
74,002
5,997
68,005
49,575
17,079
16,644
15,852
18,430

83,358
2,578
896
1,679
80,780
7,266
73,469
53,643
19,022
17,796
16,826
19,825

83,871
2,669
891
1,784
81,202
7,272
73,982
53,770
19,175
17,874
16,720
20,213

82,357
2,525
817
1,715
79,832
6,818
73,159
53,374
19,002
17,790
16,582
19,785

71,916
1,939
632
1,277
69,977
5,222
64,758
47,236
16,396
16,049
14,792
17,522

73,702
2,030
659
1,355
71,672
5,445
66,271
48,488
16,822
16,335
15,330
17,783

75,629
1,988
714
1,302
73,641
5,726
67,865
49,471
16,987
16,582
15,903
18,394

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73,639
2,924
953
1,972
70,714
7,166
63,548
46,673
16,576
15,067
15,030
16,875

63,457
1,827
675
1,152
61,630
5,122
56,508
41,499
14,487
13,755
13,257
15,009

66,386
2,461
866
1,595
63,925
5,671
58,254
42,832
14,930
14,265
13,637
15,421

73,790
2,581
868
1,709
71,209
7,013
64,194
47,081
16,703
15,209
15,168
17,113

74,888
2,709
1,081
1,616
72,179
7,006
65,206
47,657
16,949
15,528
15,180
17,549

73,415
2,529
983
1,554
70,886
6,610
64,232
46,939
16,499
15,378
15,062
17,293

61,487
1,541
670
877
59,947
4,801
55,147
40,533
14,058
13,558
12,917
14,615

63,540
1,902
761
1,140
61,638
5,163
56,420
41,455
14,478
13,753
13,225
14,964

66,552
2,126
788
1,347
64,426
5,523
58,906
43,231
15,041
14,409
13,781
15,675

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,749
35,574
9,695

43,039
33,079
7,768

43,717
33,903
8,218

45,712
36,084
–

46,067
36,597
–

45,920
36,353
–

41,683
31,860
–

42,822
32,978
–

43,702
34,440
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,542
26,287

116,620
20,841

120,169
22,642

130,254
26,834

131,109
27,726

129,298
26,553

114,322
19,106

116,523
20,741

118,941
23,179

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,987
5.1

5,509
4.0

6,114
4.3

8,174
5.2

8,070
5.1

7,268
4.7

5,451
4.1

5,598
4.1

6,279
4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,195
9,671

6,249
8,773

6,208
9,218

–
9,556

–
9,542

–
9,478

–
8,245

–
8,682

–
9,092

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,985
751
302
442
5,234
956
4,262
3,150
1,328
948
875
1,141

20,985
1,681
613
1,058
19,305
3,207
16,107
11,708
4,857
3,414
3,436
4,398

17,750
1,242
470
771
16,508
2,770
13,691
10,072
4,261
3,108
2,703
3,651

3.7
12.7
14.6
11.6
3.3
6.3
3.0
3.0
3.6
2.8
2.7
3.0

3.5
11.0
9.8
12.0
3.2
6.4
2.9
3.0
3.7
2.8
2.5
2.6

4.4
14.3
16.4
12.8
4.0
8.7
3.5
3.6
4.1
3.4
3.2
3.3

14.7
31.9
27.6
34.3
14.2
25.7
13.1
12.8
14.5
11.5
12.3
13.6

13.3
29.9
30.1
29.8
12.6
23.2
11.6
11.5
13.4
10.2
10.7
11.8

11.1
23.2
23.8
22.5
10.7
19.8
9.7
9.8
11.7
9.1
8.3
9.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,191
404
146
249
2,788
583
2,191
1,643
723
442
478
548

10,199
814
254
555
9,385
1,576
7,814
5,773
2,512
1,709
1,552
2,040

8,967
613
167
448
8,354
1,339
6,990
5,199
2,282
1,621
1,296
1,791

3.7
13.5
14.0
12.9
3.3
7.4
2.9
3.0
3.7
2.4
2.8
2.7

3.6
11.2
10.8
12.0
3.3
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.8
2.5
2.7

4.4
14.3
14.8
13.4
4.0
9.1
3.5
3.5
4.2
3.2
3.1
3.4

13.5
27.6
21.0
30.8
13.0
23.5
12.1
12.1
14.2
10.4
11.4
12.1

12.2
28.6
27.8
29.1
11.6
22.4
10.5
10.6
13.0
9.5
9.2
10.3

10.6
23.6
19.0
25.6
10.2
19.0
9.3
9.5
11.8
8.9
7.5
8.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,793
347
155
193
2,447
372
2,072
1,508
604
506
397
576

10,787
867
358
503
9,920
1,631
8,293
5,934
2,346
1,705
1,884
2,358

8,783
629
303
323
8,154
1,431
6,701
4,873
1,980
1,487
1,406
1,842

3.6
11.8
15.2
10.2
3.3
5.0
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.2
2.6
3.3

3.4
10.8
8.9
12.0
3.1
6.1
2.8
2.9
3.4
2.8
2.6
2.4

4.4
14.3
17.8
12.1
4.0
8.3
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.3

16.2
36.6
32.9
38.9
15.5
28.0
14.2
13.7
14.9
12.7
13.3
15.5

14.5
31.3
32.0
30.6
13.9
24.0
12.8
12.5
13.9
11.0
12.5
13.6

11.7
22.8
27.8
19.4
11.2
20.6
10.2
10.1
11.6
9.4
9.3
10.5

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

844
860
521

3,858
4,292
1,461

3,259
3,367
1,242

1.8
2.3
5.1

2.0
2.2
4.1

2.3
3.0
5.3

9.7
13.1
15.9

8.3
11.5
15.8

6.9
8.9
13.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,755
1,222

15,897
5,090

13,755
4,007

3.5
4.4

3.5
3.7

4.1
6.1

12.9
24.5

12.0
19.7

10.4
14.7

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

June
2019

Seasonally adjusted

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,703
841
1,862
1,315
547
871
1,963
754

17,834
15,034
2,801
2,206
595
513
1,674
492

14,198
10,596
3,602
2,825
776
545
2,495
834

2,744
805
1,939
1,355
585
889
1,850
537

2,723
801
1,922
1,279
644
777
1,803
505

3,946
1,848
2,099
1,456
643
727
1,778
509

20,626
18,063
2,563
2,000
563
570
1,477
389

18,291
15,343
2,948
2,295
653
554
1,645
536

14,272
10,565
3,707
2,883
824
565
2,356
563

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

43.0
13.4
29.6
13.8
31.2
12.0

86.9
73.3
13.7
2.5
8.2
2.4

78.6
58.6
19.9
3.0
13.8
4.6

45.6
13.4
32.2
14.8
30.7
8.9

46.9
13.8
33.1
13.4
31.0
8.7

56.7
26.5
30.2
10.5
25.5
7.3

89.4
78.3
11.1
2.5
6.4
1.7

87.0
73.0
14.0
2.6
7.8
2.5

80.4
59.5
20.9
3.2
13.3
3.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.5

11.3
0.3
1.1
0.3

8.8
0.3
1.6
0.5

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

2.4
0.4
1.1
0.3

13.2
0.4
0.9
0.2

11.6
0.4
1.0
0.3

8.9
0.4
1.5
0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

Seasonally adjusted
June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,615
1,635
2,042
737
1,304

3,835
14,401
2,278
1,146
1,132

3,620
11,300
3,152
1,867
1,285

1,949
1,832
2,189
776
1,413

2,013
1,803
1,927
825
1,102

3,542
1,794
1,971
808
1,164

14,283
7,004
1,772
833
939

3,875
14,814
2,242
1,078
1,164

2,838
11,496
3,294
1,903
1,391

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.2
7.3

10.9
8.0

13.4
11.1

22.1
9.4

20.9
9.1

17.1
7.0

6.1
2.0

9.9
7.7

15.7
13.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41.6
26.0
32.5
11.7
20.7

18.7
70.2
11.1
5.6
5.5

20.0
62.5
17.4
10.3
7.1

32.6
30.7
36.7
13.0
23.7

35.1
31.4
33.6
14.4
19.2

48.5
24.5
27.0
11.1
15.9

61.9
30.4
7.7
3.6
4.1

18.5
70.8
10.7
5.2
5.6

16.1
65.2
18.7
10.8
7.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

June
2019

June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

157,828
63,418

142,811
63,290

6,292
1,540

18,072
4,390

3.8
2.4

11.2
6.5

26,844
36,574
27,991
33,011
15,391
17,620

26,915
36,375
21,166
28,491
13,464
15,027

519
1,020
1,230
1,295
534
761

1,367
3,022
4,887
3,819
2,059
1,759

1.9
2.7
4.2
3.8
3.4
4.1

4.8
7.7
18.8
11.8
13.3
10.5

14,407
1,117
8,352
4,938

12,779
948
7,371
4,460

606
90
364
152

1,513
76
961
475

4.0
7.5
4.2
3.0

10.6
7.4
11.5
9.6

19,002
8,785
10,216

17,085
7,198
9,887

837
309
528

2,593
889
1,704

4.2
3.4
4.9

13.2
11.0
14.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

June
2019

June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

6,292
4,506
24
390
450
285
165
761
272
70
200
650
750
739
200
96
707
229

18,072
14,719
145
962
1,383
872
511
2,135
923
304
515
1,527
2,107
3,792
927
87
1,608
823

3.8
3.5
3.2
4.0
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.9
3.7
2.7
2.0
3.6
3.0
4.9
3.0
5.9
3.3
2.3

11.2
11.7
17.8
10.1
9.1
9.2
8.9
11.2
12.9
12.0
5.1
8.6
8.6
28.9
14.5
5.4
7.3
8.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2019

May
2020

June
2020

June
2019

Feb.
2020

Mar.
2020

Apr.
2020

May
2020

June
2020

1.2

1.4

2.0

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.4

2.1

1.6

11.3

8.8

1.7

1.7

2.4

13.2

11.6

8.9

3.8

13.0

11.2

3.7

3.5

4.4

14.7

13.3

11.1

4.1

13.3

11.6

3.9

3.8

4.7

15.1

13.6

11.5

4.7

14.2

12.6

4.6

4.4

5.2

16.0

14.6

12.5

7.5

20.7

18.3

7.2

7.0

8.7

22.8

21.2

18.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

June
2019

Men
June
2020

June
2019

Women
June
2020

June
2019

June
2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,917
5,725
1,571
425
1,146

99,321
8,633
2,486
684
1,803

37,870
2,725
811
295
516

40,431
4,301
1,380
395
985

57,048
3,000
759
130
629

58,890
4,332
1,106
289
818

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,987
5.1
4,340
2,052
330
1,186

6,114
4.3
3,428
1,503
320
817

3,893
4.6
2,340
684
213
623

2,986
3.9
1,835
479
211
434

4,094
5.6
2,000
1,368
118
563

3,128
4.7
1,594
1,023
108
383

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

151,739
129,278
21,367

130,317
108,159
18,540

133,410
111,866
19,413

138,513
117,360
20,156

150,759
128,206
21,076

130,303
108,527
18,698

133,002
111,759
19,382

137,802
116,526
19,886

Change
from:
May2020 June2020p
4,800
4,767
504

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

746
50.3
696.0
151.0
196.7
52.0
43.1

643
47.6
595.6
153.1
175.4
41.6
40.8

632
50.0
581.6
152.7
180.3
43.8
40.5

628
51.6
576.5
153.0
181.2
43.8
41.4

741
49.8
691.1
149.6
192.1
51.9
42.5

653
50.5
602.9
155.4
177.1
41.9
40.9

634
51.2
582.3
153.1
179.0
44.4
40.5

624
51.4
572.5
151.9
177.7
43.8
40.9

-10
0.2
-9.8
-1.2
-1.3
-0.6
0.4

101.6
348.3

93.0
267.1

96.0
248.6

96.0
242.3

97.7
349.4

94.4
270.4

94.1
250.2

93.0
242.9

-1.1
-7.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,699
1,685.6
831.9
853.7
1,129.8
4,883.1
2,142.1
2,741.0

6,465
1,434.4
702.0
732.4
976.8
4,054.0
1,772.4
2,281.6

7,073
1,554.3
775.7
778.6
1,052.4
4,466.5
1,979.3
2,487.2

7,359
1,617.8
811.3
806.5
1,067.7
4,673.3
2,075.0
2,598.3

7,497
1,656.3
816.6
839.7
1,074.0
4,766.9
2,083.9
2,683.0

6,556
1,456.7
712.8
743.9
992.9
4,106.6
1,796.4
2,310.2

7,009
1,556.4
776.3
780.1
1,023.6
4,429.3
1,957.1
2,472.2

7,167
1,588.6
795.4
793.2
1,013.9
4,564.7
2,021.2
2,543.5

158
32.2
19.1
13.1
-9.7
135.4
64.1
71.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,922

11,432

11,708

12,169

12,838

11,489

11,739

12,095

356

8,117
410.7
427.3
388.8
1,502.6
1,137.3
1,083.4
162.1
83.5

7,109
374.1
375.8
341.7
1,360.9
1,016.8
1,083.9
169.8
83.1

7,269
385.1
395.3
332.9
1,387.9
1,036.7
1,079.8
169.3
81.2

7,616
393.2
406.3
340.8
1,409.9
1,062.3
1,094.6
171.8
82.5

8,064
407.7
420.6
386.9
1,492.7
1,129.7
1,078.8
162.2
82.9

7,126
375.4
375.6
342.9
1,362.8
1,019.2
1,087.4
170.4
83.1

7,279
385.4
392.3
333.5
1,389.4
1,037.7
1,083.9
169.9
81.4

7,569
390.6
399.5
338.9
1,400.5
1,055.2
1,091.2
171.9
82.3

290
5.2
7.2
5.4
11.1
17.5
7.3
2.0
0.9

379.3
425.1

373.4
425.2

370.6
425.7

375.6
430.9

377.0
423.6

374.9
425.9

372.6
426.9

373.8
429.8

1.2
2.9

33.4
405.3
1,748.7
1,009.3
389.7

32.4
383.1
1,339.6
640.0
309.7

33.0
375.6
1,387.2
681.3
335.7

33.8
382.3
1,594.3
885.5
350.4

33.2
404.8
1,737.5
1,002.1
387.0

33.0
384.7
1,341.8
638.7
310.5

33.1
377.3
1,390.3
682.0
336.0

33.4
382.3
1,583.4
877.8
348.4

0.3
5.0
193.1
195.8
12.4

622.8

523.8

552.6

582.3

618.5

525.2

553.2

578.7

25.5

4,805
1,646.9
109.2
113.2
112.8
366.4
426.7
117.8
852.3
741.9

4,323
1,528.8
85.5
85.2
67.6
354.8
335.4
104.7
827.8
672.8

4,439
1,558.3
88.7
100.0
78.0
353.3
356.9
105.7
829.0
697.3

4,553
1,596.8
91.5
103.4
87.2
355.5
360.7
106.2
836.2
723.2

4,774
1,635.8
109.0
113.5
111.8
364.8
425.7
114.6
848.9
736.7

4,363
1,557.5
85.7
85.8
67.6
354.6
337.1
105.7
830.0
673.1

4,460
1,580.7
88.3
100.0
77.8
352.7
357.4
104.5
830.4
696.4

4,526
1,588.3
91.3
103.8
86.4
354.2
360.0
103.0
832.9
718.2

66
7.6
3.0
3.8
8.6
1.5
2.6
-1.5
2.5
21.8

317.9

260.5

271.5

292.3

312.9

266.0

271.4

287.5

16.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107,911

89,619

92,453

97,204

107,130

89,829

92,377

96,640

4,263

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,698

24,253

24,740

25,753

27,686

24,475

24,829

25,732

903

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,926.2
3,211.8
2,185.8

5,520.3
3,011.1
2,013.7

5,548.7
3,012.1
2,041.8

5,641.4
3,063.1
2,078.9

5,898.9
3,201.2
2,170.4

5,537.0
3,018.9
2,020.0

5,549.3
3,014.6
2,037.9

5,616.9
3,053.3
2,064.8

67.6
38.7
26.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

Seasonally adjusted
June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Change
from:
May2020 June2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

528.6

495.5

494.8

499.4

527.3

498.1

496.8

498.8

2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,622.9
2,042.7
1,301.7
172.2
568.8
468.1
471.2

13,174.9
1,683.4
1,016.8
124.5
542.1
247.9
423.5

13,627.5
1,775.7
1,109.2
140.9
525.6
292.7
350.0

14,418.5
1,864.5
1,169.5
156.7
538.3
377.6
375.6

15,613.4
2,030.3
1,298.3
163.4
568.6
472.4
477.4

13,287.6
1,686.4
1,019.9
123.2
543.3
253.6
427.0

13,659.1
1,769.8
1,109.4
135.1
525.3
297.5
354.4

14,398.9
1,853.8
1,167.5
148.2
538.1
381.7
380.8

739.8
84.0
58.1
13.1
12.8
84.2
26.4

1,349.4
3,091.8
1,045.0
955.6
1,278.6

1,320.3
3,024.2
942.3
891.7
476.2

1,394.9
3,089.9
896.1
893.9
549.7

1,405.9
3,147.1
929.4
918.3
754.5

1,291.6
3,070.9
1,048.4
943.8
1,299.3

1,274.1
3,047.8
949.4
898.6
492.0

1,327.8
3,095.5
901.7
893.0
565.6

1,343.1
3,127.3
932.4
907.5
767.2

15.3
31.8
30.7
14.5
201.6

535.5
2,974.6
1,038.5

327.4
2,802.7
780.0

356.0
2,900.7
826.2

421.8
3,010.2
876.7

549.3
3,027.7
1,074.7

338.7
2,869.3
810.8

367.2
2,953.6
858.2

432.7
3,061.7
906.9

65.5
108.1
48.7

1,936.1
847.4
563.0

2,022.7
535.5
499.8

2,074.5
611.8
516.1

2,133.5
685.6
528.0

1,952.9
837.3
565.0

2,058.5
544.0
506.7

2,095.4
608.5
524.5

2,154.8
678.6
532.1

59.4
70.1
7.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,595.2
507.6
176.0
67.2
1,548.7

5,017.6
432.7
154.9
57.9
1,414.6

5,024.0
384.7
148.0
57.4
1,430.2

5,152.7
383.0
145.5
60.5
1,453.5

5,622.7
503.3
175.8
65.2
1,535.3

5,108.4
433.1
154.4
59.1
1,430.6

5,080.1
383.2
148.3
56.8
1,432.6

5,178.8
379.6
145.8
58.5
1,440.7

98.7
-3.6
-2.5
1.7
8.1

496.9
51.8
46.1
756.7
767.5
1,176.7

331.3
50.5
11.4
666.7
785.6
1,112.0

327.7
50.4
17.6
661.3
823.2
1,123.5

308.0
50.1
24.5
671.5
874.0
1,182.1

502.6
51.7
36.4
756.2
808.6
1,187.6

317.0
50.5
12.5
668.6
861.2
1,121.4

310.2
50.5
16.2
664.7
883.7
1,133.9

314.0
50.1
19.4
671.5
904.8
1,194.4

3.8
-0.4
3.2
6.8
21.1
60.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

554.1

540.0

539.5

540.0

550.5

542.3

540.7

537.5

-3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,874
763.4

2,607
742.2

2,561
734.9

2,586
741.3

2,865
762.2

2,609
747.0

2,570
739.9

2,579
739.3

9
-0.6

457.7
265.9
712.7

224.9
246.2
692.2

214.4
237.4
684.2

219.5
237.7
687.5

450.0
266.4
713.0

220.4
246.4
694.7

210.0
238.5
688.4

212.6
238.3
688.1

2.6
-0.2
-0.3

335.8
338.3

345.9
355.1

340.0
350.3

343.4
356.2

336.1
336.8

344.1
356.4

339.9
353.4

345.5
355.6

5.6
2.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,783
6,428.9
19.7

8,523
6,419.7
19.6

8,552
6,419.0
19.7

8,650
6,459.9
19.9

8,732
6,415.3
19.6

8,566
6,442.9
19.7

8,576
6,439.7
19.8

8,608
6,449.0
19.8

32
9.3
0.0

2,655.0
1,784.3
1,397.8
573.4
297.3

2,637.5
1,767.3
1,379.3
572.7
297.5

2,645.7
1,772.3
1,384.3
572.7
300.7

2,659.2
1,781.4
1,391.1
574.5
303.3

2,647.1
1,776.2
1,392.2
572.9
298.0

2,648.1
1,771.3
1,384.0
578.5
298.3

2,650.7
1,773.1
1,385.2
575.4
302.2

2,651.6
1,773.6
1,385.6
573.5
304.5

0.9
0.5
0.4
-1.9
2.3

966.2
2,788.0
2,354.0
1,731.7
598.5

961.2
2,801.4
2,103.1
1,625.8
454.5

962.0
2,791.6
2,132.5
1,644.2
465.4

973.5
2,807.3
2,190.5
1,683.3
483.8

964.1
2,784.5
2,317.1
1,715.2
578.7

966.6
2,808.5
2,123.5
1,638.5
461.9

969.1
2,800.1
2,136.1
1,649.4
463.8

971.2
2,806.4
2,158.9
1,667.7
468.3

2.1
6.3
22.8
18.3
4.5

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

Seasonally adjusted
June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Change
from:
May2020 June2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

23.8

22.8

22.9

23.4

23.2

23.1

22.9

22.9

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,428
9,520.0
1,159.2
973.9
1,531.7
144.2

19,215
9,193.2
1,086.7
1,055.0
1,448.5
125.1

19,398
9,142.4
1,096.3
946.7
1,462.3
126.1

19,836
9,246.0
1,116.7
950.3
1,494.0
131.9

21,294
9,534.1
1,148.6
1,028.3
1,513.0
143.6

19,254
9,146.8
1,092.3
965.0
1,459.5
125.8

19,414
9,213.7
1,099.3
998.5
1,463.5
125.9

19,720
9,276.0
1,106.8
1,016.0
1,475.9
131.4

306
62.3
7.5
17.5
12.4
5.5

2,199.1

2,164.9

2,160.5

2,141.4

2,202.2

2,172.6

2,165.5

2,145.1

-20.4

1,525.7

1,462.3

1,475.2

1,491.1

1,523.4

1,472.5

1,481.2

1,490.6

9.4

733.4
495.2
757.6
2,442.3
9,465.5
9,007.4
530.9
163.8
3,629.1
2,940.7
867.8

726.5
449.5
674.7
2,341.3
7,680.0
7,231.8
489.7
152.5
2,580.0
1,993.1
746.1

729.8
449.4
696.1
2,340.2
7,915.2
7,461.3
494.0
149.0
2,675.8
2,080.7
737.8

744.5
454.4
721.7
2,365.1
8,224.6
7,769.6
496.3
154.7
2,852.3
2,239.9
750.5

726.4
492.7
755.9
2,425.0
9,334.9
8,883.0
527.1
164.3
3,627.0
2,942.7
882.0

730.7
450.4
678.0
2,355.5
7,751.8
7,300.6
490.9
153.1
2,640.7
2,047.9
751.0

731.6
449.8
698.4
2,343.5
7,856.8
7,403.9
493.3
149.7
2,691.1
2,094.8
747.7

737.7
452.3
720.2
2,348.3
8,095.8
7,646.6
492.7
155.3
2,852.3
2,243.7
762.5

6.1
2.5
21.8
4.8
239.0
242.7
-0.6
5.6
161.2
148.9
14.8

222.2
957.1
2,293.4
343.1

175.8
885.0
1,913.7
289.0

170.6
888.9
2,055.0
290.2

164.3
895.2
2,152.0
304.3

218.2
957.2
2,170.2
337.0

175.9
890.2
1,911.1
287.7

169.1
888.1
1,975.7
289.2

161.5
895.1
2,028.8
298.4

-7.6
7.0
53.1
9.2

458.1

448.2

453.9

455.0

451.9

451.2

452.9

449.2

-3.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,939
3,549.3
20,389.8
16,267.0
7,687.9
2,668.8
969.4
968.0
960.2
282.4
1,525.6

21,972
3,488.3
18,483.4
14,901.4
6,513.0
2,422.1
427.3
748.9
901.3
257.6
1,461.8

22,243
3,376.6
18,866.4
15,223.2
6,924.4
2,487.7
684.2
819.8
912.5
257.5
1,467.7

22,569
3,231.0
19,337.7
15,617.3
7,300.8
2,569.0
876.8
867.9
936.1
266.0
1,485.0

24,131
3,750.6
20,380.0
16,250.4
7,680.7
2,670.1
966.7
965.7
961.0
281.8
1,523.2

21,805
3,317.6
18,487.7
14,929.6
6,522.0
2,427.6
427.9
750.7
900.7
258.6
1,461.7

22,204
3,346.8
18,857.2
15,245.2
6,923.4
2,490.0
684.2
818.2
913.0
258.7
1,465.1

22,772
3,440.2
19,332.1
15,603.2
7,294.8
2,570.0
874.6
865.7
937.1
265.7
1,482.9

568
93.4
474.9
358.0
371.4
80.0
190.4
47.5
24.1
7.0
17.8

313.5
5,193.6
3,385.5
1,601.1
650.6

294.0
5,132.8
3,255.6
1,534.1
621.3

295.0
5,087.4
3,211.4
1,505.2
614.6

300.0
5,113.4
3,203.1
1,491.8
617.4

312.2
5,191.6
3,378.1
1,599.7
648.1

294.8
5,139.6
3,268.0
1,540.8
623.0

294.2
5,105.1
3,216.7
1,508.9
615.0

298.8
5,111.8
3,196.6
1,490.6
615.0

4.6
6.7
-20.1
-18.3
0.0

969.5
164.3
4,122.8
2,610.6
185.0
325.2
1,002.0

941.1
159.1
3,582.0
2,458.8
177.0
258.3
687.9

932.3
159.3
3,643.2
2,480.3
178.0
261.3
723.6

933.0
160.9
3,720.4
2,503.0
179.5
272.8
765.1

967.6
162.7
4,129.6
2,605.7
184.6
321.9
1,017.3

944.7
159.5
3,558.1
2,452.6
177.9
259.6
668.0

932.8
160.0
3,612.0
2,471.5
178.7
261.5
700.3

931.4
159.6
3,728.9
2,499.2
179.1
270.3
780.3

-1.4
-0.4
116.9
27.7
0.4
8.8
80.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,219
2,714.5
553.2

8,485
1,114.4
273.7

10,107
1,232.4
275.7

12,556
1,752.3
288.0

16,526
2,415.4
518.6

8,549
1,143.1
268.9

9,952
1,197.3
259.2

12,040
1,563.2
270.6

2,088
365.9
11.4

187.2

123.4

125.1

133.7

171.6

125.3

121.5

122.7

1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Change
from:
May2020 June2020p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,974.1
14,504.8
2,192.7
12,312.1

717.3
7,370.6
1,130.4
6,240.2

831.6
8,874.6
1,069.1
7,805.5

1,330.6
10,804.0
1,412.8
9,391.2

1,725.2
14,110.8
2,084.6
12,026.2

748.9
7,406.1
1,179.0
6,227.1

816.6
8,755.0
1,066.2
7,688.8

1,169.9
10,477.0
1,304.8
9,172.2

353.3
1,722.0
238.6
1,483.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,970
1,360.4
1,540.7
3,069.0

4,564
1,137.8
686.5
2,740.1

4,852
1,222.4
864.6
2,764.7

5,254
1,281.7
1,132.5
2,839.3

5,896
1,351.8
1,524.3
3,019.4

4,571
1,134.2
685.0
2,751.3

4,832
1,213.3
856.0
2,762.4

5,189
1,273.7
1,120.2
2,794.6

357
60.4
264.2
32.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,461
2,845.0
2,238.3
606.2
4,898.0
2,193.0
2,704.7
14,718.0
7,940.6
6,777.2

22,158
2,876.0
2,281.1
595.2
5,146.0
2,444.6
2,701.4
14,136.0
7,920.1
6,216.1

21,544
2,881.0
2,280.1
601.0
4,929.0
2,239.6
2,689.0
13,734.0
7,611.8
6,122.0

21,153
2,902.0
2,298.5
603.5
4,648.0
1,948.7
2,699.1
13,603.0
7,317.1
6,286.1

22,553
2,829.0
2,220.8
608.2
5,157.0
2,470.1
2,686.8
14,567.0
7,986.9
6,580.0

21,776
2,893.0
2,289.6
602.9
4,993.0
2,290.0
2,702.8
13,890.0
7,596.1
6,294.3

21,243
2,884.0
2,280.8
603.1
4,940.0
2,251.0
2,688.8
13,419.0
7,304.6
6,114.7

21,276
2,885.0
2,280.7
604.3
4,915.0
2,232.2
2,683.2
13,476.0
7,374.9
6,100.9

33
1.0
-0.1
1.2
-25.0
-18.8
-5.6
57.0
70.3
-13.8

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.4
46.3
39.3
40.6
41.1
39.9
33.3
34.2
38.9
30.7
38.4
42.5
36.4
37.5
36.2
33.0
25.9
31.9

34.2
38.1
43.0
37.8
38.0
37.8
38.3
33.4
33.8
37.7
30.5
37.2
42.5
36.5
37.7
35.9
32.7
24.2
32.2

34.7
38.9
42.9
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.7
33.8
34.3
38.0
31.2
37.7
42.2
36.6
37.7
36.4
32.9
25.9
32.6

34.5
39.2
43.3
38.9
39.2
39.2
39.0
33.6
34.3
38.2
31.2
37.8
42.3
36.5
37.7
36.3
33.1
25.5
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.4
3.3
3.5

2.1
1.7
2.7

2.4
2.1
3.0

2.4
2.1
3.0

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$27.96
28.98
33.65
30.74
27.68
29.16
25.12
27.71
24.20
31.38
19.65
24.79
41.71
41.84
35.91
33.63
27.54
16.55
25.18

$30.03
30.25
35.06
31.37
29.31
30.85
26.82
29.97
25.66
32.53
21.09
25.73
43.15
43.62
37.31
35.70
28.29
17.92
27.49

$29.72
30.13
35.24
31.48
29.02
30.52
26.57
29.62
25.40
32.50
20.81
25.69
43.04
43.54
37.63
35.42
28.44
17.39
27.21

$29.37
29.89
35.07
31.62
28.57
29.91
26.32
29.24
25.18
32.31
20.77
25.38
43.35
43.23
38.10
35.15
28.41
16.99
26.61

$961.82
1,170.79
1,558.00
1,208.08
1,123.81
1,198.48
1,002.29
922.74
827.64
1,220.68
603.26
951.94
1,772.68
1,522.98
1,346.63
1,217.41
908.82
428.65
803.24

$1,027.03
1,152.53
1,507.58
1,185.79
1,113.78
1,166.13
1,027.21
1,001.00
867.31
1,226.38
643.25
957.16
1,833.88
1,592.13
1,406.59
1,281.63
925.08
433.66
885.18

$1,031.28
1,172.06
1,511.80
1,221.42
1,123.07
1,181.12
1,028.26
1,001.16
871.22
1,235.00
649.27
968.51
1,816.29
1,593.56
1,418.65
1,289.29
935.68
450.40
887.05

$1,013.27
1,171.69
1,518.53
1,230.02
1,119.94
1,172.47
1,026.48
982.46
863.67
1,234.24
648.02
959.36
1,833.71
1,577.90
1,436.37
1,275.95
940.37
433.25
859.50

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Percent
change
from:
May
2020 June
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110.7
97.0
107.8
101.6
93.8
93.3
95.1
114.8
103.3
101.2
97.3
124.1
101.2
95.2
107.3
120.9
130.0
122.1
108.4

93.2
81.2
88.2
85.4
78.5
75.8
83.4
96.6
90.3
92.1
82.3
109.2
99.7
87.0
105.8
108.4
116.4
59.0
84.9

97.4
85.9
85.5
93.7
81.7
79.3
86.2
100.5
92.9
93.0
86.5
110.0
98.7
85.9
105.9
110.8
119.3
73.5
90.8

100.9
88.8
84.9
96.1
85.3
83.5
88.1
104.5
96.3
94.6
91.2
112.5
98.4
86.0
106.3
112.2
123.1
87.6
96.6

3.6
3.4
-0.7
2.6
4.4
5.3
2.2
4.0
3.7
1.7
5.4
2.3
-0.3
0.1
0.4
1.3
3.2
19.2
6.4

1

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Percent
change
from:
May
2020 June
2020p

148.0
127.1
145.6
135.7
120.7
120.8
121.2
154.7
134.8
132.9
126.4
156.5
139.5
141.9
150.3
164.6
172.3
163.1
149.7

133.8
111.0
124.2
116.4
107.1
103.9
113.5
140.7
124.9
125.3
114.7
142.9
142.2
135.1
154.0
156.7
158.5
85.3
127.9

138.3
117.0
120.9
128.2
110.3
107.5
116.2
144.7
127.3
126.4
119.0
143.8
140.4
133.2
155.5
158.9
163.2
103.2
135.4

141.7
120.0
119.5
132.0
113.3
111.0
117.7
148.6
130.8
127.9
125.2
145.2
140.9
132.3
158.0
159.7
168.2
120.1
140.9

2.5
2.6
-1.2
3.0
2.7
3.3
1.3
2.7
2.7
1.2
5.2
1.0
0.4
-0.7
1.6
0.5
3.1
16.4
4.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

75,169
62,143
4,702
96
970
3,636
1,934
1,702
57,441
11,070
1,773.3
7,741.6
1,422.9
132.1
1,135
4,946
9,703
18,650
8,788
3,149
13,026

64,175
51,637
4,209
94
887
3,228
1,723
1,505
47,428
9,357
1,631.9
6,342.3
1,250.5
132.3
1,042
4,858
8,730
16,712
4,470
2,259
12,538

65,372
53,175
4,340
94
933
3,313
1,748
1,565
48,835
9,515
1,645.1
6,510.3
1,226.8
132.4
1,023
4,839
8,791
17,040
5,183
2,444
12,197

68,249
56,008
4,486
91
953
3,442
1,840
1,602
51,522
9,995
1,673.6
6,937.2
1,251.8
132.0
1,038
4,859
8,970
17,552
6,399
2,709
12,241

49.9
48.5
22.3
13.0
12.9
28.3
24.0
35.7
53.6
40.0
30.1
49.6
25.3
24.0
39.6
56.6
45.6
77.3
53.2
53.4
57.8

49.3
47.6
22.5
14.4
13.5
28.1
24.2
34.5
52.8
38.2
29.5
47.7
24.5
24.4
39.9
56.7
45.3
76.6
52.3
49.4
57.6

49.2
47.6
22.4
14.8
13.3
28.2
24.0
35.1
52.9
38.3
29.6
47.7
24.1
24.5
39.8
56.4
45.3
76.7
52.1
50.6
57.4

49.5
48.1
22.6
14.6
13.3
28.5
24.3
35.4
53.3
38.8
29.8
48.2
24.2
24.6
40.2
56.4
45.5
77.1
53.1
52.2
57.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

105,503
15,093
545
5,580
8,968
5,549
3,419
90,410
23,420
4,737.4
13,334.0
4,906.6
441.6
2,307
6,753
17,317
21,202
14,527
4,884

87,211
13,052
461
4,760
7,831
4,699
3,132
74,159
20,520
4,390.4
11,292.8
4,402.6
433.9
2,070
6,561
15,298
19,055
6,993
3,662

90,041
13,608
442
5,154
8,012
4,805
3,207
76,433
20,815
4,391.8
11,610.6
4,380.2
432.5
2,029
6,540
15,441
19,409
8,308
3,891

94,363
14,091
436
5,285
8,370
5,124
3,246
80,272
21,627
4,449.1
12,265.5
4,486.2
426.3
2,034
6,566
15,697
19,887
10,245
4,216

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.2
47.2
39.8
41.6
41.9
41.2
32.4
33.8
38.7
30.3
37.9
42.2
35.5
36.7
35.5
32.2
24.7
30.8

33.5
38.5
43.0
38.2
38.4
38.1
38.9
32.6
33.6
37.0
30.5
37.2
42.3
35.6
36.8
35.2
31.8
22.3
31.2

34.1
39.6
43.8
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.3
33.1
34.2
37.6
31.3
37.8
41.8
35.9
37.0
35.8
32.1
24.3
31.7

33.9
40.0
44.1
39.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
32.9
34.1
38.0
31.0
37.9
42.4
36.0
36.8
35.7
32.5
24.1
31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.2
4.3

2.8
2.5
3.2

3.1
2.9
3.5

3.2
2.9
3.6

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$23.47
24.73
29.86
28.50
22.14
23.07
20.61
23.20
20.65
26.10
16.60
22.48
36.69
33.67
27.65
27.75
24.21
14.44
21.39

$25.12
25.20
31.13
28.65
22.72
23.55
21.49
25.10
21.61
26.89
17.62
22.94
38.02
35.66
28.79
29.75
25.24
14.60
23.20

$24.97
25.37
30.72
28.97
22.72
23.60
21.39
24.88
21.66
26.93
17.87
22.94
37.81
35.36
29.15
29.59
25.27
14.45
22.97

$24.74
25.38
30.58
29.35
22.61
23.55
21.11
24.60
21.65
26.80
18.06
22.76
38.52
35.44
29.01
29.32
25.28
14.55
22.49

$788.59
1,018.88
1,409.39
1,134.30
921.02
966.63
849.13
751.68
697.97
1,010.07
502.98
851.99
1,548.32
1,195.29
1,014.76
985.13
779.56
356.67
658.81

$841.52
970.20
1,338.59
1,094.43
872.45
897.26
835.96
818.26
726.10
994.93
537.41
853.37
1,608.25
1,269.50
1,059.47
1,047.20
802.63
325.58
723.84

$851.48
1,004.65
1,345.54
1,144.32
895.17
929.84
840.63
823.53
740.77
1,012.57
559.33
867.13
1,580.46
1,269.42
1,078.55
1,059.32
811.17
351.14
728.15

$838.69
1,015.20
1,348.58
1,159.33
904.40
942.00
844.40
809.34
738.27
1,018.40
559.86
862.60
1,633.25
1,275.84
1,067.57
1,046.72
821.60
350.66
708.44

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Percent
change
from:
May
2020 June
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118.1
95.0
136.7
111.2
85.6
87.4
83.0
124.8
110.7
108.8
102.2
140.7
95.3
93.5
116.6
137.5
145.6
131.4
105.5

97.4
76.8
105.3
91.0
69.0
67.3
71.8
103.0
96.4
96.4
87.2
123.9
93.9
84.1
113.6
120.4
129.2
57.1
80.1

102.3
82.3
102.9
101.9
72.5
71.1
74.3
107.8
99.6
98.0
92.0
125.3
92.5
83.1
113.9
123.6
132.8
73.9
86.5

106.6
86.1
102.2
104.5
76.9
77.0
76.5
112.5
103.1
100.3
96.2
128.7
92.4
83.6
113.7
125.3
137.8
90.4
93.1

4.2
4.6
-0.7
2.6
6.1
8.3
3.0
4.4
3.5
2.3
4.6
2.7
-0.1
0.6
-0.2
1.4
3.8
22.3
7.6

1

June
2019

Apr.
2020

May
2020p

June
2020p

Percent
change
from:
May
2020 June
2020p

185.3
143.9
237.4
171.1
124.0
125.8
120.9
198.6
163.4
167.6
145.4
201.4
146.0
155.8
198.4
226.8
232.6
215.5
164.4

163.5
118.5
190.7
140.8
102.6
98.9
109.0
177.3
148.9
153.0
131.6
181.0
149.0
148.5
201.3
213.0
215.2
94.7
135.4

170.8
127.9
183.8
159.5
107.7
104.8
112.2
184.0
154.1
155.8
140.8
183.0
145.9
145.5
204.2
217.5
221.6
121.3
144.8

176.3
133.9
181.7
165.7
113.6
113.2
114.1
189.9
159.6
158.7
148.9
186.4
148.6
146.6
203.0
218.5
229.9
149.4
152.6

3.2
4.7
-1.1
3.9
5.5
8.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.9
5.8
1.9
1.9
0.8
-0.6
0.5
3.7
23.2
5.4

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.