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Survey on the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorders (2020)
This survey is intended for adult drug courts. This may include hybrid adult drug courts that, for
example, also serve persons charged with DWI or those with co-occurring disorders. It is not intended
for stand-alone DWI courts, juvenile drug courts, family drug courts, veteran's treatment courts,
mental health courts, or other types of treatment courts.
If your court does not meet the above criteria, please let us know and do not complete the survey.
Responses will be reported in the aggregate and will not be attributed to any individual adult drug
court.
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Basic Information
This page gives us basic information useful when evaluating the data. Please remember that responses will be
reported in the aggregate and will not be attributed to any individual adult drug court.
*1. State:
*2. County:
*3. Zip Code:
4. Title (optional):
*5. What type of program is your adult drug court?
Adult drug court
Hybrid adult drug and DWI court
Hybrid adult drug and co-occurring disorders court
Other (Please describe):
*6. What is your primary position or role on the drug court team? (Please select the one that best
describes your role.)
Judge, commissioner, or magistrate
Program coordinator or administrator
Court clerk
Bailiff
Probation or community supervision officer
Treatment representative
Defense counsel representative
Prosecution representative
Law enforcement representative
Evaluator or researcher
Other
*7. How long have you been in this position?
years
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Practices and Policies Relating to Medication-Assisted Treatment
The following questions pertain to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in your drug court. Please
take a few minutes to respond to each of the following statements by choosing the response that best reflects your
perception.
*8. Are you aware of the top five (5) substances used most frequently by participants prior to
entering your drug court?
Yes
No
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*9. During the most recent 12 months, please rank-order the five (5) substances used most
frequently by participants prior to entering your drug court (with 1 being the most frequent).
1
Alcohol
Marijuana
Pharmaceutical opioids (e.g., Oxycodone,
Vicodin, codeine)
Heroin or other nonpharmaceutical opiates
(e.g., opium)
Fentanyl (including carfentanil)
Cocaine
Crack Cocaine
Pharmaceutical sedatives (e.g.,
benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
Pharmaceutical stimulants (e.g., Ritalin,
Dexedrine, Adderall)
Methamphetamine (e.g., "ice" or "crystal")
Synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., K2, Spice)
Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, peyote,
psilocybin mushrooms)
PCP (phencyclidine, Angel Dust)
Club drugs (e.g., MDMA, GHB)
Inhalants (e.g., model glue, aerosols)
Dextromethorphan (cough syrup)
Other (please describe below)
10. If other drugs, please describe:
*11. Is this answer based on:
2
3
4
5
Actual court data
Educated estimate based on reports or impressions of program staff
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*12. Within the past three (3) years, has there been a change in the prevalence of use of the
following substances by persons entering your drug court? (Check one per row.)
Unsure or
unknown
*Alcohol
*Marijuana
*Pharmaceutical opioids (e.g.,
Oxycodone, Vicodin, codeine)
*Heroin or other
nonpharmaceutical opiates
(e.g., opium)
*Fentanyl (including carfentanil)
*Cocaine
*Crack cocaine
*Pharmaceutical sedatives (e.g.,
benzodiazepines, barbiturates)
*Pharmaceutical stimulants
(e.g., Ritalin, Dexedrine,
Adderall)
*Methamphetamine (e.g., "ice"
or "crystal")
*Synthetic cannabinoids (e.g.,
K2, Spice)
*Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD,
peyote, psilocybin mushrooms)
*PCP (phencyclidine, Angel
Dust)
*Club drugs (e.g., MDMA, GHB)
*Inhalants (e.g., model glue,
aerosols)
*Dextromethorphan (cough
syrup)
*Other drugs (please describe
No change
Increase
Decrease
below)
13. Other (please describe)
*14. Is this answer based on:
Actual court data
Educated estimate based on reports or impressions of program staff
Unsure or unknown
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Practices and Policies Relating to Treatment
The following questions pertain to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in your drug court. Please
take a few minutes to respond to each of the following statements by choosing the response that best reflects your
perception.
*15. How many participants are currently in your drug court (excluding those on long-term
warrant status)?
0-10
11-25
26-50
51-100
101-200
More than 200
*16. During the most recent 12 months, approximately what percentage of participants in your
drug court has been assessed as having an opioid-use disorder by a clinician or other treatment
provider?
Unknown or Unable to answer
None
Very few (less than 10%)
Some (about 25%)
About half
Most (about 75%)
All or Nearly all
*17. Among your participants with an opioid use disorder, what is the primary type of opioid
problem seen?
This information is not available to me
Pharmaceutical opioids based on a legal prescription
Pharmaceutical opioids without a prescription
Illicit opioids (e.g., heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil)
My drug court does not have participants with opioid use disorders
18. During the most recent 12 months, has there been a substantial change in the prevalence of
opioid use among adult drug court participants in your court? (Please check all that apply.)
This information is not available.
Use of pharmaceutical opioids has increased
Use of pharmaceutical opioids has decreased
No apparent change in use of pharmaceutical opioids
Use of illicit opioids has increased
Use of illicit opioids has decreased
No apparent change in use of illicit opioids
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*19. Is medication-assisted treatment (MAT) available for participants with opioid use disorders in
your drug court?
Yes
No
I don't know
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Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders
20. Under which of the following circumstances are methadone or buprenorphine (Suboxone,
Subutex, Zubsolv) available to participants with opioid use disorders in your drug court?
(PLEASE CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
As tapered detox for participants already receiving methadone or buprenorphine
As tapered detox for participants with current opioid use disorders
Continued maintenance for participants already receiving methadone or buprenorphine
Induction and maintenance for participants not currently receiving methadone or buprenorphine
For pregnant women already receiving methadone or buprenorphine
Induction and maintenance for pregnant women not already receiving methadone or buprenorphine
Other (Please describe):
*21. If your drug court has specific policies governing the use of MAT for opioid use disorder,
approximately how long ago were they enacted or most recently revised or updated?
Not applicable; no uniform policies govern MAT for opioid use disorder in our drug court
Within the past year
In the past 1-2 years
3 or more years ago
*22. If MAT for opioid use disorder is available for participants in your drug court, what
medications do your treatment regimens include? (Please check all that apply.)
Methadone
Buprenorphine (e.g., Suboxone, Subutex, Subsolv)
Naltrexone (e.g., ReVia, Depade, Vivitrol)
This information is not available.
No treatment regimens are available for participants in my drug court
Other
*23. In the most recent 12 months, approximately what percentage of participants with an opioid
use disorder received methadone in your drug court?
Unknown or Unable to answer
None
Very few (less than 10%)
Some (about 25%)
About half
Most (about 75%)
All or Nearly all
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*24. In the most recent 12 months, approximately what percentage of participants with an opioid
use disorder received buprenorphine (e.g., Suboxone, Subutex, Zubsolv) in your drug court?
Unknown or Unable to answer
None
Very few (less than 10%)
Some (about 25%)
About half
Most (about 75%)
All or Nearly all
*25. In the most recent 12 months, approximately what percentage of participants with an opioid
use disorder received Naltrexone (e.g., ReVia, Depade, Vivitrol) in your drug court?
Unknown or Unable to answer
None
Very few (less than 10%)
Some (about 25%)
About half
Most (about 75%)
All or Nearly all
*26. Are participants in your drug court required to discontinue use of any of the following
medications as a condition of graduating from the program? (Please check all that apply.)
Methadone
Buprenorphine (e.g., Suboxone, Subutex, Zubsolv)
Naltrexone (e.g., ReVia, Depade, Vivitrol)
This information is not available.
Participants are not required to discontinue medications as a condition of graduating from the program
*27. Which, if any, of the following medications, are generally available for your drug court
participants while they are in custody as a sanction for program infractions? (Please check all
that apply.)
Unknown (Please do not check any of the remaining responses)
None (Please do not check any of the remaining responses)
Methadone
Buprenorphine (e.g., Suboxone, Subutex, Zubsolv)
Naltrexone (e.g., ReVia, Depade, Vivitrol)
Other (Please specify):
*28. Which professional(s) are typically responsible for making the decision whether or not to use
MAT for opioid use disorder in specific cases? (Please check the one best answer that applies):
Prescribing physician gets the final say in most situations
Treatment representative(s) on the drug court team gets the final say in most situations
Drug court team as a whole agrees on the issue in most situations
Judge gets the final say but generally defers to a physician's recommendation or prescription
Judge gets the final say based on his or her judgment or the recommendations of drug court team members
Other (Please specify):
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Overdose Prevention
*29. Does your drug court have naloxone (Narcan, EVISIO) available onsite at the courthouse for
participants experiencing an overdose?
Yes
No
I don't know
*30. Do the treatment programs affiliated with your drug court have naloxone (Narcan, EVISIO)
available onsite for participants experiencing an overdose?
Yes, all of them
Yes, some of them
No
I don't know
*31. Does your drug court provide training to participants on how to use naloxone (Narcan,
EVISIO) to reverse an overdose?
Yes
The drug court team does not provide training, but another entity in the community does
No training is provided
I don't know
*32. Does your drug court or an affiliated treatment program provide naloxone kits to participants
in the program?
Yes
No
I don't know
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Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders
*33. Is your drug court considering expanding the availability of MAT for opioid use disorders?
No applicable; MAT is already widely used
Not considering expansion
Undecided on expansion
Considering expansion
*34. To what extent do the views or opinions of external policymakers or administrators (outside
of the drug court team) reduce or prevent utilization of MAT for opioid use disorder in your drug
court?
Not at all
Slightly
Moderately
Greatly
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*35. Are you aware of any factors that limit or prevent the use of MAT for opioid use disorder, or
certain types of medications such as buprenorphine or methadone, in your drug court?
Yes
No
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*36. Please rank-order up to three reasons that limit or prevent the use of MAT for opioid use
disorder, or certain types of medications such as buprenorphine or methadone, in your drug
court (with 1 being the most influential reason).
If MAT is widely offered, please skip this question.
1
2
Refusal or disinterest from participants
Philosophy or views of treatment providers
Philosophy or views of the judge
Philosophy or views of the prosecutor or
defense counsel
Insufficient funding
Lack of availability of qualified MAT
providers
Lack of knowledge of or familiarity with
MAT by drug court staff
Prohibitions from external (outside the drug
court) policymakers or administrators
Insufficient resources to prevent misuse or
diversion (e.g., pill counts, observed
ingestion)
Insufficient access to training or technical
assistant on MAT for opioid use disorder
Use of other substances by participants
that may interact dangerously with
methadone or buprenorphine (e.g.,
benzodiazepines, alcohol)
Other (please describe below)
37. Other (Please describe):
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*38. Does your drug court have the following reasons for limited or no provision of buprenorphine
for drug court participants with opioid use disorder?
Yes
No
Uncertain
*Cost is prohibitive/insufficient
funding
*Risk of diversion
*Drug court policy does not
permit its use
*Drug treatment provider does
not recommend or provide it
*Clients are detoxed before they
enter supervision
*Not beneficial to clients
*Opposition from prosecutor
*Opposition from judge
*Opposition from
state/county/municipal
government
*Lack of local providers
*Opioid use disorders are not a
common problem among our
drug court participants
*39. Does your drug court have the following reasons for limited or no provision of methadone for
drug court participants with opioid use disorder?
Yes
*Cost is prohibitive/insufficient
funding
*Risk of diversion
*Drug court policy does not
permit its use
*Drug treatment provider does
No
Uncertain
not recommend or provide it
*Clients are detoxed before they
enter supervision
*Not beneficial to clients
*Opposition from prosecutor
*Opposition from judge
*Opposition from
state/county/municipal
government
*Lack of local providers
*Opioid use disorders are not a
common problem among our
drug court participants
*40. Has your drug court received training to implement or increase delivery of MAT to
participants with opioid use disorder?
Yes
No
I don't know
41. Please briefly describe any MAT training your drug court received:
*42. If applicable, did this training expand the use of MAT for opioid use disorder or affect MAT
practices in your drug court?
Not applicable; no MAT training was received
No
A little
Moderately
Greatly
Unknown or unable to answer
43. Please briefly explain:
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Thank you for completing the Practices and Policies Relating to Medication-Assisted Treatment for
Opioid Use Disorders in Adult Drug Courts Survey! We appreciate your time immensely.
Your information has been recorded and NDCI staff will be in touch with next steps, if applicable.
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File Modified | 2020-02-26 |
File Created | 2020-02-26 |