Form 1041-ES Estimated Income Tax for Estates and Trusts

2020

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Form 1041-ES
Estimated Income Tax for Estates and Trusts
Section references are to the Internal
Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Future Developments
For the latest information about
developments related to Form 1041-ES
and its instructions, such as legislation
enacted after they were published, go to
www.irs.gov/Form1041ES.

What’s New
Capital gains and qualified dividends.
The maximum tax rate for long-term
capital gains and qualified dividends is
20%. For tax year 2020, the 20% rate
applies to amounts above $13,150. The
0% and 15% rates continue to apply to
amounts below certain threshold
amounts. The 0% rate applies to
amounts up to $2,650. The 15% rate
applies to amounts between the two
thresholds.

Purpose of Form
Use this package to figure and pay
estimated tax for an estate or trust.
Estimated tax is the amount of tax an
estate or trust expects to owe for the
year after subtracting the amount of any
tax withheld and the amount of any
credits.
This package is primarily for first-time
filers. After the IRS receives the first
payment voucher, the estate or trust will
receive a 1041-ES package with the
name, address, and employer
identification number (EIN) preprinted on
the vouchers for the next tax year. Use
the preprinted vouchers unless the
Electronic Federal Tax Payment System
(EFTPS) is used. If you, as fiduciary, didn’t
receive any 2020 preprinted vouchers,
use the vouchers in this package.
However, don’t use the vouchers to notify
the IRS of a change of address. If the
fiduciary has moved, complete Form
8822-B, Change of Address or
Responsible Party — Business.

OMB No. 1545-0971

Who Must Make Estimated
Tax Payments

How To Figure Estimated
Tax

Generally, a fiduciary of an estate or trust
must pay estimated tax if the estate or
trust is expected to owe, after
subtracting its withholding and credits,
at least $1,000 in tax for 2020 and can
expect its withholding and credits to be
less than the smaller of:
1. 90% of the tax shown on the 2020
tax return, or
2. The tax shown on the 2019 tax
return (110% of that amount if the
estate’s or trust’s adjusted gross income
(AGI) on that return is more than
$150,000, and less than 2/3 of gross
income for 2019 or 2020 is from farming
or fishing).
However, if a return wasn’t filed for
2019 or that return didn’t cover a full 12
months, item (2) above doesn’t apply.
For this purpose, include household
employment taxes when figuring the tax
shown on the tax return, but only if:
• The estate or trust will have federal
income tax withheld from any income, or
• The estate or trust would be required
to make estimated tax payments (to
avoid a penalty) even if it didn’t include
household employment taxes when
figuring its estimated tax.
Exceptions. Estimated tax payments
aren’t required from:
1. An estate of a domestic decedent or
a domestic trust that had a full 12-month
2019 tax year and had no tax liability for
that year;
2. A decedent’s estate for any tax year
ending before the date that is 2 years
after the decedent’s death; or
3. A trust that was treated as owned
by the decedent if the trust will receive
the residue of the decedent’s estate
under the will (or if no will is admitted to
probate, the trust primarily responsible
for paying debts, taxes, and expenses of
administration) for any tax year ending
before the date that is 2 years after the
decedent’s death.

Use the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet
and 2020 Tax Rate Schedule, later, and
the estate’s or trust’s 2019 tax return
and instructions as a guide for figuring
the 2020 estimated tax.
If the estate or trust receives its
income unevenly throughout the year, it
may be able to lower or eliminate the
amount of its required estimated tax
payment for one or more periods by
using the annualized income installment
method. See Pub. 505, Tax Withholding
and Estimated Tax, for details.

Cat. No. 63550R

Instructions for 2020
Estimated Tax Worksheet
Line 4. Exemption
Decedents’ estates. A decedent’s
estate is allowed a $600 exemption.
Trusts required to distribute all
income currently. A trust whose
governing instrument requires that all
income be distributed currently
is allowed a $300 exemption, even if it
distributed amounts other than income
during the tax year.
Qualified disability trusts. A qualified
disability trust is allowed a $4,300
exemption. This amount is not subject to
phaseout.
A qualified disability trust is any trust:
1. Described in 42 U.S.C. 1396p(c)(2)
(B)(iv) and established solely for the
benefit of an individual under 65 years of
age who is disabled, and
2. All of the beneficiaries of which are
determined by the Commissioner of
Social Security to have been disabled for
some part of the tax year within the
meaning of 42 U.S.C. 1382c(a)(3).
A trust won’t fail to meet (2) above just
because the trust’s corpus may revert to
a person who isn't disabled after the
trust ceases to have any disabled
beneficiaries.

Qualified funeral trusts. No exemption
is allowed to a qualified funeral trust.
All other trusts. A trust not described
above is allowed a $100 exemption.

Line 7. Tax
Electing Alaska Native Settlement
Trusts. Multiply line 6 by 10% (0.10) to
figure the amount of tax to enter on line
7, unless the trust is expected to have
qualified dividends or a net capital gain
for 2020. Use Part IV of Schedule D of
Form 1041-N, U.S. Income Tax Return
for Electing Alaska Native Settlement
Trusts, as a worksheet to figure the 2020
tax on qualified dividends or net capital
gain. See the Instructions for Form
1041-N at www.irs.gov/Form1041N for
more information.

Line 10. Credits
For details on credits the estate or trust
may claim, see the instructions for lines
2a–2d of Schedule G, Form 1041.

Line 12. Other Taxes
Enter any other taxes such as the
following.
• For estates and trusts, the Net
Investment Income Tax (NIIT) is 3.8% of
the lesser of the estate’s or trust’s
undistributed net investment income or
the excess of the estate’s or trust’s AGI
over the dollar amount at which the
highest income tax bracket for estates
and trusts begins for such tax year. For
tax years beginning after 2019, the
highest income tax bracket applies to
amounts over $12,950. The NIIT doesn’t
apply to trusts where all of the unexpired
interests are devoted to charitable
purposes. For information about the
NIIT, see the Instructions for Form 8960.
• Tax from recapture of investment
credit, low-income housing credit,
qualified electric vehicle credit, the
Indian employment credit, the new
markets credit, or the credit for
employer-provided child care facilities.
• Tax on accumulation distribution of
trusts.
• Tax figured under section 641(c) on
income attributable to S corporation
stock held by an electing small business
trust. For details, see Electing Small
Business Trusts in the 2019 Instructions
for Form 1041.
Note: For 2020, the highest income tax
rate for trusts is 37%.

Include household employment taxes
on line 12 if:
• The estate or trust will have federal
income tax withheld from any income, or
• The estate or trust would be required
to make estimated tax payments (to
avoid a penalty) even if it didn’t include
household employment taxes when
figuring its estimated tax.

When To Make Estimated
Payments
Trusts. The trust may pay all of its
estimated tax by April 15, 2020, or in
four equal installments due by the
following dates.
1st installment ............... April 15, 2020
2nd installment ..............June 15, 2020
3rd installment ...............Sept. 15, 2020
4th installment ............... Jan. 15, 2021
If the trust has a short tax year, see
Notice 87-32, 1987-1 C.B. 477, for the
estimated tax due dates and other
information.
The trust doesn’t have to
make the payment due on
TIP January 15, 2021, if it files
the 2020 Form 1041 by
January 31, 2021, and pays the entire
balance due with the return.
Estates. If the estate has adopted a
calendar year as its tax year, file using
the rules listed under Trusts above.
If the estate has adopted a fiscal year,
it may pay all of its estimated tax by the
15th day of the 4th month of its 2020 tax
year or in four equal installments due on
the 15th day of the 4th, 6th, and 9th
months of the 2020 tax year, and the 1st
month of the following tax year.
The estate doesn’t have to
make the payment due on the
TIP 15th day of the 1st month
following the close of the
fiscal year if it files the 2020 Form 1041
by the last day of the 1st month following
the close of the fiscal year, and pays the
entire balance due with the return.
If any date falls on a Saturday,
Sunday, or legal holiday, the installment
is due on the next business day. See
Pub. 509, Tax Calendars, for a list of all
legal holidays.
If, after March 31, 2020, or after the
last day of the 3rd month of the fiscal tax
year, the estate or trust has a large
enough change in income to require the
payment of estimated tax, figure the
amount of each installment by using the
annualized income installment method,
as explained in Pub. 505.

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Farmers and fishermen. If at least 2/3 of
gross income for 2019 or 2020 is from
farming or fishing, do one of the
following.
• Pay the total estimated tax (line 16 of
the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet) by
January 15, 2021.
• File Form 1041 for 2020 by
March 1, 2021, and pay the total tax
due. In this case, don’t make estimated
tax payments for 2020.
For fiscal year estates, pay the total
estimated tax by the 15th day of the 1st
month following the close of the tax
year, or file Form 1041 by the 1st day of
the 3rd month following the close of the
tax year and pay the total tax due.

How To Complete and Use
the Payment Vouchers
Each payment voucher has the date
when the voucher is due for calendar
year estates and trusts. Be sure to use
the correct voucher. Complete and send
in the voucher only if you are making a
payment. To complete your voucher, do
the following.
• Enter the estate’s or trust’s name and
EIN, and the fiduciary’s name, title, and
address in the spaces provided on the
payment voucher.
• Enter in the payment box of the
voucher only the amount the estate or
trust is sending in. When making
payments of estimated tax, be sure to
take into account any 2019 overpayment
that the estate or trust chose to credit
against its 2020 tax, but don’t include
the overpayment amount in this box.
• Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, a
check or money order with the payment
voucher. Make the check or money order
payable to “United States Treasury.”
Write the estate’s or trust’s EIN and
“2020 Form 1041-ES” on the check or
money order. Do not include any balance
due on the 2019 Form 1041 with the
check for 2020 estimated tax.
Fill in the Record of Estimated Tax
Payments in the 2020 Tax Rate Schedule
and keep them for your files.
No checks of $100 million or more
accepted. The IRS can’t accept a single
check (including a cashier’s check) for
amounts of $100,000,000 ($100 million)
or more. If you’re sending $100 million or
more by check, you’ll need to spread the
payments over two or more checks with
each check made out for an amount less
than $100 million. The $100 million or
more amount limit does not apply to
other methods of payment (such as
electronic payments), so please consider
paying by means other than checks.

Electronic Deposits
A financial institution that has been
designated as an authorized federal tax
depositary, and acts as a fiduciary for at
least 200 taxable trusts that are required
to pay estimated tax, is required to
deposit the estimated tax payments
electronically using EFTPS.
A fiduciary that isn’t required to make
electronic deposits of estimated tax on
behalf of a trust or an estate may
voluntarily participate in EFTPS. To
enroll in or get more information about
EFTPS, visit the EFTPS website at
www.EFTPS.gov or call 800-555-4477.
Also, see Pub. 966, Electronic Federal
Tax Payment System: A Guide to Getting
Started.
Depositing on time. For a deposit using
EFTPS to be on time, the deposit must
be submitted by 8 p.m. Eastern time the
day before the due date of the deposit.

Where To File
Mail the payment voucher to:
Internal Revenue Service
P.O. Box 932400
Louisville, KY 40293-2400
Do not send the payment voucher to
the Internal Revenue Service Center
where you file Form 1041.
Only the U.S. Postal Service can
deliver to the above address.

Amending Estimated Tax
Payments
To change or amend the estate’s or
trust’s estimated payments, refigure the
total estimated payments due (line 16 of
the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet).
Then use Worksheet 2-7, Annualized
Estimated Tax Worksheet, in Pub. 505 to
figure the payment due for each
remaining period. If an estimated tax

payment for a previous period is less
than ¼ of the amended estimated tax,
the estate or trust may owe a penalty
when its return is filed.

When a Penalty Is Applied
In some cases, the estate or trust may
owe a penalty when it files its return. The
penalty is imposed on each
underpayment for the number of days it
remains unpaid. A penalty may be
applied if the estate or trust didn’t pay
enough estimated tax or it didn’t make
the payments on time or in the required
amount. A penalty may apply even if the
estate or trust has an overpayment on its
tax return.
The penalty may be waived under
certain conditions. See Pub. 505 for
details.

Certain Payments of
Estimated Tax Treated as
Paid by Beneficiary
The fiduciary (or executor, for the final
year of the estate) may elect to have any
portion of its estimated tax payments
treated as made by a beneficiary (and
not as payments made by the estate or
trust).
Such an amount is treated as a
payment of the estimated tax made by
the beneficiary on the January 15th
following the end of the tax year.
Time for making election. The fiduciary
must make the election on the 2020
Form 1041-T, Allocation of Estimated
Tax Payments to Beneficiaries. The
election must be filed on or before the
65th day after the close of the estate’s or
trust’s tax year. For details, see section
643(g).

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Paperwork Reduction Act Notice. We
ask for the information on the payment
vouchers to carry out the Internal
Revenue laws of the United States. You
are required to give us the information.
We need it to ensure that you are
complying with these laws and to allow
us to figure and collect the right amount
of tax.
You aren’t required to provide the
information requested on a form that is
subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act
unless the form displays a valid OMB
control number. Books or records
relating to a form or its instructions must
be retained as long as their contents
may become material in the
administration of any Internal Revenue
law. Generally, tax returns and return
information are confidential, as required
by section 6103.
The time needed to complete the
worksheets and prepare and file the
payment vouchers will vary depending
on individual circumstances. The
estimated average time is:
Recordkeeping . . . . . . 19 min.
Learning about the
law or the form . . . . . . 15 min.
Preparing the form . . 1 hr., 43 min.
Copying, assembling,
and sending the form
to the IRS . . . . . . . . . 1 hr.
If you have comments concerning the
accuracy of these time estimates or
suggestions for making this package
simpler, we would be happy to hear from
you. You can send us comments
through www.irs.gov/FormComments.
Or, you can write to:
Internal Revenue Service
Tax Forms and Publications
1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526
Washington, DC 20224
Do not send the payment vouchers to
this address. Instead, see Where To File,
earlier.

2020 Tax Computation Worksheet Using Maximum Capital Gains Rates (Use this computation if the estate or trust expects
a net capital gain or qualified dividends and line 6 of the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet is more than zero.)
Caution: Don’t include any amounts allocable to the beneficiaries of the estate or trust on lines 2, 3, and 4 below.
1
Enter taxable income (from line 6 of the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet) . . . . . . . . .
1
2

Enter the qualified dividends and net capital gain expected for 2020 (Reminder: Don’t include
any qualified dividends or capital gain from the disposition of property held for investment that
you elect to include in investment income for investment interest expense purposes.) . .

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10a
b
c

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

2
Enter the 28% rate gain expected for 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Enter the unrecaptured section 1250 gain expected for 2020 . . . . . .
4
Add lines 3 and 4 and enter the smaller of that sum or the amount of net capital gain included in line 2
5
Subtract line 5 from line 2. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subtract line 6 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enter the smaller of line 1 or $2,650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enter the smaller of line 7 or line 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
Subtract line 2 from line 1. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . .
10a
Enter the smaller of line 1 or $9,450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10b
Enter the smaller of line 7 or line 10b . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10c
Enter the larger of line 10a or line 10c . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
Tax on amount on line 11 from the 2020 Tax Rate Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶
Note: If the amounts on lines 8 and 9 are the same, skip lines 13 through 15 and go to line 16.
Enter the amount from line 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Enter the amount from line 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Subtract line 14 from line 13. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . .
15
Note: If the amounts on lines 1 and 8 are the same, skip lines 16 through 37 and go to line 38.
Enter the smaller of line 1 or line 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Enter the amount from line 15. If line 15 is blank, enter -0- . . . . . . .
17
Subtract line 17 from line 16. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . .
18
Enter the smaller of line 1 or $13,150 . . . . . .
19
Add lines 11 and 15 . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Subtract line 20 from line 19. If zero or less, enter -021
Enter the smaller of line 18 or line 21
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Multiply line 22 by 15% (0.15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶
Enter the amount from line 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Add lines 15 and 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Subtract line 25 from line 24. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . .
26
Multiply line 26 by 20% (0.20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶
Note: If line 5 is zero or blank, skip lines 28 through 37 and go to line 38.
Enter the smaller of line 2 or line 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Add lines 2 and 11 . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Enter the amount from line 1 . . . . . . . .
30
Subtract line 30 from line 29. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . .
31
Subtract line 31 from line 28. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . .
32
Multiply line 32 by 25% (0.25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶
Note: If line 3 is zero or blank, skip lines 34 through 37 and go to line 38.
Enter the amount from line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
Add lines 11, 15, 22, 26, and 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
Subtract line 35 from line 34
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
Multiply line 36 by 28% (0.28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ▶
Add lines 12, 23, 27, 33, and 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax on the amount on line 1 from the 2020 Tax Rate Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax. Enter the smaller of line 38 or line 39 here and on line 7 of the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet ▶

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6
7
8

12

23

27

33

37
38
39
40

2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet

Keep for Your Records

1

Enter adjusted total income expected in 2020

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2
3
4

Enter any expected income distribution deduction
Enter any estate tax deduction . . . . . .
Enter exemption (see instructions) . . . . .

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Add lines 2 through 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxable income of estate or trust. Subtract line 5 from line 1

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Tax. Figure your tax on line 6 by using the 2020 Tax Rate Schedule below. (If the estate or trust expects a net
capital gain or qualified dividends and line 6 is more than zero, use the 2020 Tax Computation Worksheet Using
Maximum Capital Gains Rates to figure the tax.) Electing Alaska Native Settlement Trusts, see instructions
. .
Alternative minimum tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
8

9
10
11

Add lines 7 and 8. Include any tax on lump-sum distributions from Form 4972 .
Credits (see instructions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subtract line 10 from line 9. If zero or less, enter -0- . . . . . . . . .

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12
13

Other taxes (see instructions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2020 estimated tax. Add lines 11 and 12. Reduce this total by any credit you expect to claim on Form 4136 .

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14a

Enter 90% of line 13 (662/3% for farmers and fishermen)

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14a

Enter the tax shown on the 2019 Form 1041 (110% of that amount if the estate’s or trust’s AGI on that
return is more than $150,000, and less than 2/3 of gross income for 2019 or 2020 is from farming or fishing) 14b
Required annual payment. Enter the smaller of line 14a or 14b . . . . . . . . . .

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14c

15
16

Income tax withheld and estimated to be withheld during 2020 and other refundable credits . . . . . . .
Subtract line 15 from line 14c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: If line 13 minus line 15 is less than $1,000, the estate or trust isn't required to make estimated tax payments.

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15
16

17

Installment amount. If the first required payment is due April 15, 2020, enter 1/4 of line 16 (minus any 2019 overpayment that you
are applying to this installment) here and on the payment line of the voucher(s). You may round off cents to the nearest whole dollar

2020 Tax Rate Schedule

17

Estates and trusts, if line 6 of the 2020 Estimated Tax Worksheet above is:

$0
2,600
9,450
12,950

$ 2,600
9,450
12,950
------

Record of Estimated Tax Payments
Payment
no.

Form

1
2
3
4
Total .

The tax is:

But not over—

Over—

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1041-ES

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

10%
$260.00 + 24%
1,904.00 + 35%
3,129.00 + 37%

(b) Check or
money order
number

(a) Date

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Of the amount over—

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(c) Amount

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2020 Payment
Voucher 4

$0
2,600
9,450
12,950

(d) 2019 overpayment
credit applied

▶

Tear off here
OMB No. 1545-0971

File only if the estate or trust is making a payment of estimated tax. Return this voucher
with check or money order payable to “United States Treasury.” Write the estate’s or
trust’s EIN and “2020 Form 1041-ES” on the check or money order. Do not send cash.
Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, the payment with this voucher.

Calendar year—Due Jan. 15, 2021
Amount of estimated tax you are paying
by check or
Cents
Dollars
money
order.

Employer identification number
Name of estate or trust

(month and year)

Type or print

Fiscal year filers—enter year ending

(e) Total amount paid
and credited (add (c)
and (d))

Name and title of fiduciary
Address of fiduciary (number, street, and room or suite no.)
City, state, and ZIP code

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THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Form

1041-ES

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

2020 Payment
Voucher 3

OMB No. 1545-0971

File only if the estate or trust is making a payment of estimated tax. Return this voucher
with check or money order payable to “United States Treasury.” Write the estate’s or
trust’s EIN and “2020 Form 1041-ES” on the check or money order. Do not send cash.
Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, the payment with this voucher.

Calendar year—Due Sept. 15, 2020
Amount of estimated tax you are paying
by check or
Cents
Dollars
money
order.

Employer identification number
Name of estate or trust
Type or print

Fiscal year filers—enter year ending

(month and year)

Name and title of fiduciary
Address of fiduciary (number, street, and room or suite no.)
City, state, and ZIP code

Form

Tear off here

1041-ES

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

2020 Payment
Voucher 2

OMB No. 1545-0971

File only if the estate or trust is making a payment of estimated tax. Return this voucher
with check or money order payable to “United States Treasury.” Write the estate’s or
trust’s EIN and “2020 Form 1041-ES” on the check or money order. Do not send cash.
Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, the payment with this voucher.

Calendar year—Due June 15, 2020
Amount of estimated tax you are paying
by check or
Cents
Dollars
money
order.

Employer identification number
Name of estate or trust
Type or print

Fiscal year filers—enter year ending

(month and year)

Name and title of fiduciary
Address of fiduciary (number, street, and room or suite no.)
City, state, and ZIP code

Form

Tear off here

1041-ES

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

2020 Payment
Voucher 1

OMB No. 1545-0971

File only if the estate or trust is making a payment of estimated tax. Return this voucher
with check or money order payable to “United States Treasury.” Write the estate’s or
trust’s EIN and “2020 Form 1041-ES” on the check or money order. Do not send cash.
Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, the payment with this voucher.

Calendar year—Due April 15, 2020
Amount of estimated tax you are paying
by check or
Cents
Dollars
money
order.

Employer identification number
Name of estate or trust

(month and year)

Type or print

Fiscal year filers—enter year ending

Name and title of fiduciary
Address of fiduciary (number, street, and room or suite no.)
City, state, and ZIP code

-7-