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pdf2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes, and
Motivators Study Survey Report
A New Design for the 21st Century
January 24, 2019
Version 2.0
Prepared by Kyley McGeeney, Brian Kriz, Shawnna Mullenax, Laura Kail, Gina Walejko, Monica Vines, Nancy Bates,
and Yazmín García Trejo
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Table of Contents
List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................iv
List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................iv
Executive Summary......................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3
Background .............................................................................................................................. 5
CBAMS I ......................................................................................................................................... 5
CBAMS II ........................................................................................................................................ 6
2020 CBAMS Survey Climate......................................................................................................... 6
Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 11
Research Questions .................................................................................................................... 12
Sample Design ............................................................................................................................. 12
Survey Instrument....................................................................................................................... 13
Data Collection ............................................................................................................................ 13
Response Rate............................................................................................................................. 14
CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Dataset .............................................................. 17
Post-Processing ........................................................................................................................... 17
Weighting .................................................................................................................................... 17
Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 19
Results.................................................................................................................................... 20
Who intends to respond to the census? ..................................................................................... 21
Where do gaps in knowledge about the census exist? ............................................................... 29
What barriers would prevent people from completing the census?.......................................... 38
What would potentially motivate people to complete the census? .......................................... 56
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 66
Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 68
References ............................................................................................................................. 70
Appendices ............................................................................................................................ 72
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List of Tables
Table 1: 2020 CBAMS Survey Incentive Amount ......................................................................................... 14
Table 2: 2020 CBAMS Survey Mail Schedule ............................................................................................... 14
Table 3: 2020 CBAMS Survey Disposition and Frequencies......................................................................... 15
Table 4: 2020 CBAMS Survey Weighted Response Rates by Stratum ......................................................... 16
List of Figures
Figure 1 2010 Census mail return rate and reported intent to respond rate from CBAMS I ....................... 7
Figure 2 Trust in public institutions over time ............................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 Trust in government over time ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure 4 Telephone survey response rates over time .................................................................................. 10
Figure 5 Census pre-NRFU mail return rates over time............................................................................... 11
Figure 6 Intent to respond to the census.................................................................................................... 21
Figure 7 Less educated householders were least likely to report their intention to respond to the 2020
Census. ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 8 Younger householders were least likely to report their intention to respond to the 2020 Census.
.................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 9 NH Asians were least likely to report their intention to respond to the census. ........................... 24
Figure 10 Older householders preferred to fill out the paper census form. ................................................ 26
Figure 11 Less educated respondents preferred to fill out the paper census form. .................................... 26
Figure 12 Seventy-five percent of sexual minority respondents either preferred an online form or had no
preference ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 13 Estimated time to complete a 2020 Census form. ...................................................................... 28
Figure 14 Familiarity with the census. ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 15 More educated householders were more familiar with the census than less educated
householders. .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 16 Older householders were more familiar with the census than younger householders. .............. 31
Figure 17 NH Asians were least familiar with the census. .......................................................................... 32
Figure 18 Sexual minorities were more familiar with the census than straight respondents. .................... 33
Figure 19 Most people knew that the census is used to determine changes in U.S. population, but there
were misconceptions about other uses....................................................................................................... 35
Figure 20 Respondents with less than a high school diploma knew less about the census than
respondents with higher levels of education. ............................................................................................. 36
Figure 21 Respondents who are not internet proficient had lower levels of knowledge about the census
than respondents who are internet proficient. ........................................................................................... 37
Figure 22 NH Black/African Americans had lower levels of knowledge about the census than other race
and Hispanic origin groups. ........................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 23 Concern about confidentiality of answers to the 2020 Census. .................................................. 39
Figure 24 All racial and Hispanic-origin groups were more concerned that the Census Bureau would not
keep their answers to the census confidential than NH Whites. ................................................................ 40
Figure 25 All racial and Hispanic origin groups were more concerned that the Census Bureau would share
their answers with other government agencies than NH Whites. .............................................................. 41
Figure 26 Fear of repercussions from answering the 2020 Census. ............................................................ 43
Figure 27 All racial and Hispanic origin groups were more concerned their answers to the 2020 Census
would be used against them than NH Whites. ........................................................................................... 44
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Figure 28 Respondents who were not proficient in English were more concerned that their answers would
be used against them than English proficient respondents. ....................................................................... 45
Figure 29 Respondents who were born outside the United States were more concerned that their answers
would be used against them than those born in the United States. ........................................................... 46
Figure 30 Majorities did not trust federal and state governments to do what is right most of the time. .. 47
Figure 31 NH Whites, NH small-sample races, and NH Blacks had the highest levels of distrust in the
federal government, Hispanics and NH Asians the lowest. ........................................................................ 48
Figure 32 People born in the U.S. were more distrusting of the federal government than people born
outside the U.S. ........................................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 33 Perceptions of the efficacy of participating in the 2020 Census. ................................................ 50
Figure 34 Younger respondents were less likely to believe that participating in the census matters relative
to older respondents. .................................................................................................................................. 51
Figure 35 NH Asians, NH Whites, and NH small-sample races were least likely to say being counted in the
2020 Census mattered for them, NH Blacks and Hispanics were the most likely. ...................................... 52
Figure 36 A majority of people said that they believed the census could benefit their community, while a
minority reported it could benefit them personally. ................................................................................... 53
Figure 37 Hispanics are the most likely race or Hispanic origin group to perceive potential benefits to
their community from participating in the 2020 Census. ........................................................................... 54
Figure 38 A larger percentage of NH Whites than any other race or Hispanic origin group said that
answering the census could “neither benefit nor harm” them personally. ................................................ 55
Figure 39 Forced-choice motivators. ........................................................................................................... 56
Figure 40 Forced-choice community-oriented motivators combined. ........................................................ 57
Figure 41 Community-oriented motivators were most popular with younger householders. .................... 58
Figure 42 Community-oriented motivators were most popular with people of Hispanic origin................. 59
Figure 43 Community-oriented motivators were most popular with those not proficient in English......... 60
Figure 44 Community-oriented motivators were most popular with lower-educated householders. ........ 61
Figure 45 Community-oriented motivators are most important to those unlikely to fill out a census form.
.................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 46 Fire department, police department, hospitals, and roads and highways are the most
important public services. ........................................................................................................................... 64
Figure 47 Sexual minorities are most likely to choose civil rights enforcement as a motivator ................ 65
Figure 48 Beyond public services, enforcing civil rights laws was considered the second most important
motivator, but not a topmost reason to fill out the census. ....................................................................... 66
v
Executive Summary
The 2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Study Survey (2020 CBAMS Survey) was
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau’s Communications Research and Analytics Team (CRAT)
and Team Young & Rubicam (Team Y&R) to provide an evidentiary foundation for the 2020
Census Integrated Partnership and Communications (IPC) operation. The primary goal of the IPC
is to develop a research-based communications plan with the objective of motivating selfresponse to the decennial census. The 2020 CBAMS Survey used self-administered mail and
internet data collection modes and covered a range of topics related to respondents’
knowledge of and attitudes toward the 2020 Census. The results from the nearly 17,500 survey
respondents highlight variation in barriers, attitudes, and motivators related to census
participation across demographic characteristics and will serve as a key input to Team Y&R in
the creative development of the 2020 Census communications campaign.
This is the final report for the 2020 CBAMS Survey. It explores key topline and group-level
results from the survey. Below are key findings from the 2020 CBAMS Survey organized by
research question.
Who intends to respond to the census, what mode (i.e., paper or online form) do they prefer,
and how long do they think it will take to fill out the form? (Section 5.1)
• Fewer than seven in ten householders said they intend to fill out the census form.
o Sixty-seven percent of householders reported they were “extremely likely” or
“very likely” to fill out a census form.
o Younger, less educated, and non-Hispanic (NH) Asian and NH small-sample races
(i.e., American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders, and
people who are of multiple or other races) were least likely to report their
intention to respond to the 2020 Census.
• Most householders either preferred to fill out online forms or had no preference
between filling out online or paper forms
o Thirty-two percent of people said they would prefer to fill out a paper form in
the 2020 Census.
o Older and less educated householders were more likely to prefer to fill out a
paper form than younger and more educated householders.
• Most people thought filling out the 2020 Census form would take longer than 12
minutes.
Where do gaps in knowledge about the census exist? (Section 5.2)
• Many people were unfamiliar with the census, and there were misconceptions about
its purpose and process. Only 33 percent of respondents reported that they were
“extremely familiar” or “very familiar” with the census. Younger, less educated, and NH
Asians tended to be less familiar with the census than other groups.
• Knowledge about the uses of the census was uneven. Most people knew the census is
used to determine changes in the U.S. population and that it determines a state’s
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•
number of representatives in Congress, but there were misconceptions about other
uses. For instance, 10 percent of people incorrectly believed the census is used to
locate people living in the country without documentation, and another 37 percent
said they “do not know” if it is used this way.
Knowledge about the census was uneven across demographic characteristics. Levels of
knowledge about the census were lowest among those with less than a high school
diploma, non-proficient internet users, and NH Black/African Americans.
What barriers would prevent people from completing the census? (Section 5.3)
• The analysis revealed five barriers that might prevent people from participating in the
census:
o Concerns about data privacy and confidentiality. Roughly a quarter of
respondents were concerned about the confidentiality of answers to the 2020
Census, but racial and ethnic minorities were significantly more concerned about
confidentiality than NH Whites.
o Fear of repercussions. Roughly a quarter of respondents were concerned their
answers to the 2020 Census would be used against them. NH Asians,
householders not proficient in English, and those born outside of the U.S. were
the most concerned.
o Distrust in all levels of government. Distrust in government was high for
everyone, with the highest levels of distrust among NH small-sample races, NH
Whites, NH Blacks, people born in the United States, and people who are
proficient in English.
o A lack of efficacy. Many did not feel it matters whether they are personally
counted in the 2020 Census. Young people were the least likely to believe it
matters if they are counted.
o Belief that completing the census could not benefit them personally. Across
almost all demographic characteristics, more people predicted that answering
the census could bring benefits to their community than to them personally.
What would potentially motivate people to complete the census? (Section 5.4)
• Funding for public services was a top motivator across groups, yet less than half of
respondents knew that the census is used to determine community funding.
o Householders thought funding for public services was the single most important
reason to fill out the census.
o Hospitals and healthcare, fire departments, police departments, and roads and
highways were identified as the most important public services across all groups.
o When community-oriented uses of census information (i.e., determining funding
for public services in the community, contributing to a better future for the
community, and providing information for local government to plan for changes
in the community) were combined into a single measure, community-oriented
motivators were most popular with those who were younger, non-white, not
English proficient, and less educated.
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o Only 45 percent of respondents knew that the census is used to determine how
much government funding communities receive.
The survey results presented in this document will be used by the IPC’s communication
campaign to make informed decisions about strategies to increase self-response to the 2020
Census. Data on the attitudes, barriers, knowledge, and motivators of the population as a
whole will inform the broad approach and message of the campaign, while information on
group differences will be used to develop targeted messaging and advertising.
Introduction
The goal of the 2020 Census Integrated Communications Campaign (ICC) is to encourage selfresponse in the 2020 Census through a research-based communications campaign.1 Similar to
when the Census was preparing for the 2010 enumeration in 2008, in Spring 2018 the Census
Bureau’s Communications Research and Analytics Team (CRAT) and Team Y&R conducted a
survey called the 2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Study Survey (2020 CBAMS
Survey). The 2020 CBAMS Survey was designed to understand attitudes and behaviors that
relate to census participation across demographic characteristics. The survey was designed to
provide inputs for two related research projects aimed at informing and enhancing the quality
of audience-specific messaging for the 2020 Census communications campaign. The first
project, detailed in this report, provides insight into Americans’ attitudes about participation in
the census, including how attitudes toward the census vary across certain groups of people. The
second project, detailed in a separate forthcoming report, uses survey responses as input to the
selection of census mindsets derived through segmentation.
The 2020 CBAMS Survey was administered by mail and internet between February 20, 2018 and
April 17, 2018 to a sample of households across all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Adults (i.e., 18 years or older) were eligible to take the survey, which was offered in both
English and Spanish. Each household received a prepaid incentive and up to five mailings
inviting them to participate in the survey. Approximately 17,500 people responded to the
survey, which was then weighted to be representative of all householders2 in the United States
ages 18 and older.
As is detailed in this report, the 2020 CBAMS Survey responses were used to compare barriers,
attitudes, knowledge, and motivators related to participation in the 2020 Census across
demographic characteristics, with a focus on differences across race, age, gender, education,
and country of birth. Specifically, the 2020 CBAMS Survey was used to answer the following
research questions:
1
A full list of all acronyms and abbreviations used in the report is available in Appendix C.
The term “householder,” as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, refers to the person (or one of the people) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented (maintained) or, if there is no such person, any adult member,
excluding roomers, boarders, or paid employees.
2
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Who intends to respond to the 2020 Census?
Where do gaps in knowledge about the census exist?
What barriers would potentially prevent people from completing the 2020 Census?
What would potentially motivate people to complete the 2020 Census?
Throughout the report, the key results of the univariate and bivariate analyses performed to
answer these questions are reported in the text and graphs. The research methodology is
discussed in greater detail in Section 3, and results are detailed in Section 5. In compliance with
U.S. Census Bureau standards, only bivariate relationships that meet a significance level of at
least α=0.10 and reflect the largest group differences are included in the text of the report. The
point estimates and standard errors for all results, including those not discussed in the text, are
available in Appendix A.
A separate forthcoming report details how answers to the 2020 CBAMS Survey were used to
identify six mindsets that reflect shared attitudes about, and knowledge and perceptions of, the
decennial census. The geographic distribution of respondents with these six mindsets was then
used to determine the distribution of mindsets among groupings of census tracts, referred to as
segments. Communications professionals will use the mindset composition, geographic
segments, and media usage data to create tailored messages and develop a media plan to guide
and justify messaging content and media buys.
The 2020 CBAMS Survey was also supplemented with qualitative focus groups designed to help
the research team understand the attitudes of small demographic groups or groups that were
otherwise difficult to reach with the survey.3 Although this document does not fully describe
the results from the 2020 CBAMS focus groups, which are fully detailed in their own
forthcoming report, there are a few notable similarities and differences in the findings from the
focus groups and survey. Both the qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the chief
barrier to participation in the 2020 Census is a lack of understanding of the purpose and
process of the census. The focus groups revealed that a lack of understanding is associated with
several negative attitudes toward the census, including apathy, privacy concerns, fear of
repercussions, and general distrust of government. In the quantitative survey data, certain
demographic characteristics, including low levels of education, being young, and being of racial
or ethnic minority groups, are related to low levels of intent to self-respond to the decennial
census
The focus group and survey research also revealed common motivators, or reasons
respondents may want to respond to the 2020 Census. The qualitative and quantitative data
both indicate that, although there are important differences across demographic groups,
funding for public services — such as hospitals, schools, and roads — is a key motivator across
3
The 2020 CBAMS Focus Groups were conducted among 11 audiences: American Indian and Alaska Native, Black
or African American, Chinese – Cantonese and Mandarin, Low Internet Proficiency, Middle Eastern and Northern
African, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI), Rural, Spanish (Puerto Rico), Spanish (U.S. Mainland),
Vietnamese, and Young and Mobile.
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groups. Focus groups, in particular, showed that participants might be persuaded of the
importance and purpose of the census if they make the connection between completing a
census form and the possibility of an increase in funding or support for their community,
notably in support of critical community institutions, organizations, and services. In turn, this
may boost self-response for the 2020 Census.
Background
CBAMS I
The Census Bureau first conducted a Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey (CBAMS
I) in 2008 to understand barriers, attitudes, knowledge, and motivators related to the 2010
Census.4 The survey resulted in 4,064 interviews completed using dual-frame telephone (i.e.,
landline and cellphone) and in-person data collection modes. The sample design stratified
census tracts by American Indian reservations; areas with high-Hispanic population density;
areas with high-Asian population density; rural and economically disadvantaged areas; large
designated market areas (DMAs)5 with high, medium, and low hard-to-count scores; mid-size
DMAs with high, medium, and low hard-to-count scores; small DMAs with high, medium, and
low hard-to-count scores; and cellphone users. Incentives consisted of $10 to in-person
respondents regardless of whether they completed the survey and $10 Amazon gift certificates
to cellphone respondents who participated. The final weighted response rate was 37.9 percent.
U.S. Census Bureau researchers also used the 2008 CBAMS Survey results to identify mindsets,
which were then matched back to the Census Bureau’s geographic audience segments for use
by the 2010 Census Integrated Communications and Partnership Program. The tract-level
audience segmentation process grouped tracts based on underlying demographic
characteristics such as race and age. The communications contractor, DraftFCB, and the Census
Bureau used the tract-level segmentation to help allocate the media budget among media
markets and media channels (e.g., TV, print, digital). The segmentation helped determine how
to reach the largest number of people within each audience (Wroblewski, 2012).
4
See the ICF Macro (2008) Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey: Methodology Report
https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2010/partners/pdf/C2POMemoNo8.pdf?# and ICF Macro
(2008) Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey: Analytic Report https://www2.census.gov/programssurveys/decennial/2010/partners/pdf/C2POMemoNo11.pdf?# for a full discussion of CBAMS I results.
5
A designated market area (DMA) is a region of the country whose residents all receive the same or similar radio
and television programming. This designation is used by Nielsen Media Research to conduct television and radio
audience measurements.
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CBAMS II
In 2011, the Census Bureau conducted the second Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators
Survey (CBAMS II).6 In addition to identifying barriers, attitudes, knowledge, and motivators
surrounding the 2010 Census, the survey also measured attitudes toward potential Census
Bureau administrative record usage (e.g., Tax Identification or Social Security numbers) and
phone and internet use in general. The 4,071 respondents participated by landline, cellphone,
or face-to-face interview. The sample design was virtually the same as for CBAMS I, including
the stratification of tracts. Ten-dollar incentives were only offered to in-person qualified
respondents regardless of whether they completed the survey. The AAPOR Response Rate 3
(RR3)7 for CBAMS II was 33.6 percent.
Using items common to both CBAMS I and CBAMS II, Census Bureau researchers used the
results of CBAMS II to examine changes in the original five mindsets identified by CBAMS I. They
looked in particular at changes in the number of people who shared a particular mindset and in
the levels of awareness and knowledge of the census. Then a latent class analysis was
conducted to identify new attitudinal mindsets, incorporating additional variables found only in
CBAMS II.
2020 CBAMS Survey Climate
The climate in which the 2020 CBAMS Survey was conducted is important context for
interpreting the results of the survey, particularly the low percentage of people who said they
intend to respond to the 2020 Census, and assessing potential challenges for the upcoming
2020 Census. The current climate is quite difficult for conducting government survey research
for at least three reasons: (1) trust in many public institutions is declining, (2) trust in
government is declining, and (3) survey response rates are declining. Before discussing these
challenges, it is worth considering the 2020 CBAMS Survey results in the context of past CBAMS
surveys.
The CBAMS surveys were not created to be analyzed as a time series dataset, or with the
intention to allow for exact comparisons due to changes in mode, questionnaire, sampling
design, and the final sample itself. Because of these differences, the point estimates from
different CBAMS surveys should never be directly compared. For context only, it is worth noting
that 85 percent of CBAMS I respondents, taking the survey in 2008, said they would “definitely”
or “probably” respond to the 2010 Census. As discussed in Section 5.1, just 67 percent of
respondents who participated in the 2020 CBAMS Survey in 2018 said they were “very likely” or
“extremely likely” to respond to the 2020 Census. These two numbers are not directly
6
The full ICF Macro (2012) Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey II Final Report can be found at
https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2010/program-management/5-review/cpex/2010-memo205.pdf
7
See American Association for Public Opinion Research (2016) for information on how an AAPOR RR3 response
rate is calculated.
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comparable due to inconsistencies in the question response options, and the other differences
discussed above, but the low intention to respond to the 2020 Census may be a signal of the
challenges to response in the upcoming 2020 Census.
The fact that many people who participated in the 2020 CBAMS Survey said they were not “very
likely” or “extremely likely” to respond to the upcoming decennial census is particularly
troubling because stated intent to respond is often over-reported compared to actual response
behavior (Aizen, 1991; Letourneau, 2012). As Figure 1 demonstrates, this was the case in the
2010 Census, where the pre-nonresponse follow up (NRFU) mail return rate was 76 percent
(Letourneau, 2012) – 10 points lower than measured in the 2008 CBAMS Survey. The low levels
of intent to respond observed in the 2020 CBAMS Survey may be shaped by current challenges
of conducting government surveys, and may signal that self-response could be a challenge in
the 2020 Census.
Figure 1
2010 Census mail return rate and reported intent to respond rate from CBAMS I
2010 Census
76%
Mail Return Rate
CBAMS Survey (2008)
86%
24%
14%
Intent to Respond
Note: The point estimate for the CBAMS Survey conducted in 2008 reflects the percentage of those who said they would
“definitely” or “probably” respond to the 2010 Census.
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The first challenge is that trust in public institutions is decreasing. Gallup data, as shown in
Figure 2, illustrate that confidence in public institutions such as public schools, TV news, and
organized religion has decreased since the 1970s in the United States.8
Figure 2
Trust in public institutions over time
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
Church or organized religion
Public schools
Television news
Source: Confidence in Institutions, Gallup, 2018: https://news.gallup.com/poll/1597/confidence-institutions.aspx
8
Trust has slightly increased or remained steady for the military, police, and big business.
8
2017
2015
2013
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1990
1988
1986
1984
1981
1977
1973
0%
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Similarly, a Pew Research Center study based on data from a number of trend surveys finds that
public trust in government is almost the lowest it has been since measurement began in 1958,
as seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Individual polls
Moving average
Source: Public Trust in Government: 1958-2017, Pew Research Center, December 14, 2017: http://www.peoplepress.org/2017/12/14/public-trust-in-government-1958-2017/
9
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
1968
1966
1964
1962
1960
1958
Trust in government over time
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
As shown in Figure 4, telephone survey response rates, as an illustration of the general trend in
survey response rates, have declined sharply over the past 20 years. The average response rate
is down from 15 percent in 2009, near the time when the last CBAMS survey was conducted, to
9 percent in 2016.
Figure 4
Telephone survey response rates over time
100%
80%
60%
40%
36%
28%
25%
21%
15%
20%
9%
9%
2012
2015
0%
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
Average survey response rates
Source: What Low Response Rates Mean for Telephone Surveys, Pew Research Center, May 15, 2017:
http://www.pewresearch.org/2017/05/15/what-low-response-rates-mean-for-telephone-surveys/
10
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Despite these challenges, as Figure 5 shows, pre-nonresponse follow up (pre-NRFU) mail return
rates for the decennial census have held steady over the past few decades. The pre-NRFU mail
return rate refers to those census questionnaires that were submitted before households were
directly contacted by the Census Bureau through nonresponse follow up (NRFU). This is the
type of response, rather than assisted response through enumerators, that the ICC’s campaign
seeks to drive because it tends to occur earlier in the enumeration process and requires fewer
resources. It is likely that the consistent pre-NRFU mail return rates can be, at least partially,
attributed to the introduction of a paid media campaign leading up to the 2000 Census and an
increase in mailings in the 2010 Census.
Figure 5
Census pre-NRFU mail return rates over time
100%
80%
74.1%
74.1%
75.8%
1990
2000
2010
60%
40%
20%
0%
Decennial Census Mail Return Rates
Source: Mail Return Rates reflect returns after all processing is completed, so they include late mail returns, and are calculated
only for occupied units. Letourneau (2012) Mail response/return rates assessment. Final report (2010 Census Planning
Memoranda Series No. 198) for 2010.
Methodology
This section begins by outlining the major research questions that guide this report. We then
detail various aspects of the sample design, survey instrument, data collection, response rate,
noise injection, post-processing, and weighting. This section ends with a discussion of analysis
techniques.
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Research Questions
This report explores the following research questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Who intends to respond to the 2020 Census?
Where do gaps in knowledge about the census exist?
What barriers would potentially prevent people from completing the 2020 Census?
What would potentially motivate people to complete the 2020 Census?
Sample Design
The Communications Research and Analytics Team and Team Y&R, together constituting “the
research team,” designed the survey methodology outlined below. The 2020 CBAMS Survey
used a national address-based sample covering U.S. households in all 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The research team drew a sample of 50,000 household addresses from a 2017
Master Address File (MAF) extract provided by the Census Bureau’s Geography Division to its
Decennial Statistical Studies Division (DSSD). The MAF extract contains all address information
for all known addresses in the United States. The MAF extract that was used to draw the survey
sample excluded special places,9 group quarters, addresses in Puerto Rico, known addresses
already sampled in recent Census Bureau surveys and tests, addresses in enumeration areas
other than Type of Enumeration Area 1,10 and known bad or congressional refusal addresses.11
The MAF extract was supplemented with tract-level contact strategy information from DSSD
and a bilingual assignment variable from the 2016 Planning Database. Mail materials asked for
the adult who typically opens the mail to complete the questionnaire because this person
would typically complete the census.
The MAF extract was stratified at the tract level by contact strategy (Internet First versus
Internet Choice12) and by race and Hispanic origin – Asian and Other Small Race/Ethnicity
Groups (OSREG), Black, Hispanic, all other races and ethnicities – to form eight strata in total:
9
A special place is an administrative entity containing one or more group quarters where people live or stay, such
as a college or university, nursing home, hospital, correctional facility, or military installation or ship.
10
Type Enumeration Areas are assigned to every block in the United States to ensure cost effective and efficient
enumeration of households. Type Enumeration Area 1 refers to self-response enumeration.
11
Congressional refusal addresses have been pulled from the survey sample at the request of the Congressional
Offices.
12 Tracts that responded to the ACS by mail more than by internet and have at least one of the following
additional attributes were considered Internet Choice: a.) is a low-responding tract when an Internet First strategy
is used based on ACS self-response rates, b.) is a tract with a high older population, based on 2010-2014 ACS
estimates, 3.) is a tract with low internet access based on June 2015 Federal Communications Commission data.
Any tract missing ACS self-response rates were automatically designated Internet Choice. Otherwise, the tract was
considered Internet First.
12
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Internet Choice/Asian or OSREG
Internet Choice/Black
Internet Choice/Hispanic
Internet Choice/Other
Internet First/Asian or OSREG
Internet First/Black
Internet First/Hispanic
Internet First/Other
The sample design oversampled strata categorized as Internet Choice, OSREG, Black, and
Hispanic in order to ensure a sufficient number of responses from minority groups.13 Weighted
response rates by stratum are reported in Section 3.5. Each stratum was sorted by state,
county, tract, and MAF ID before systematically drawing sampled units.
Survey Instrument
The 2020 CBAMS Survey questionnaire included questions from CBAMS I and II as well as
modified versions of questions from benchmark surveys, such as the American National
Election Studies, and questions deemed necessary by Team Y&R communications professionals.
The questionnaire and mail materials were translated into Spanish under the guidance of the
Decennial Translation Branch. Three percent of the complete responses received used a
Spanish language questionnaire. The Census Bureau’s Center for Behavioral Science Methods
conducted cognitive interviewing and usability testing (Falcon et al., 2018 and Lykke & García,
2018). Four versions of the paper questionnaire were used that varied question and response
option order. The internet instrument also randomized question and response option order.
Web versions of the survey instrument can be found in Appendix D, all four Mail versions of the
survey instrument can found in Appendix E, and all mail material can be found in Appendix F.
Data Collection
On February 20, 2018, the Census Bureau’s National Processing Center sent each sampled
household an initial mailing inviting them to participate in the 2020 CBAMS Survey by mail or
internet. A prepaid incentive of up to $10 was included in the first mailing. Each stratum was
assigned an incentive amount. Table 1 below shows how much incentive was provided for each
stratum.14
13
Although these groups were oversampled, it is likely we did not reach the hardest to reach people in each group.
The qualitative focus groups, referenced in the Introduction and detailed in a related report, were conducted to
increase the representation of people who are difficult to reach with a survey.
14
Note that the survey did not use a controlled incentive experiment.
13
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Table 1: 2020 CBAMS Survey Incentive Amount
Strata
Internet Choice/Asian or OSREG
Internet Choice/Black
Internet Choice/Hispanic
Internet Choice/Other
Internet First/Asian or OSREG
Internet First/Black
Internet First/Hispanic
Internet First/Other
Incentive Amount
$10.00
$10.00
$10.00
$1.00
$5.00
$5.00
$5.00
$1.00
Households in the internet-choice stratum also received a paper questionnaire, whereas
households in the internet-first stratum did not receive a paper questionnaire until the fourth
mailing. Bilingual questionnaires were sent to households flagged by the bilingual assessment
variable provided by DSSD.
At the direction of the research team, the National Processing Center sent reminder letters and
postcards to the full sample twice during data collection. Nonrespondents received reminder
letters with an additional questionnaire regardless of contact strategy stratum. A final reminder
postcard was sent to nonrespondents 15 days before data collection ended (April 17, 2018).
Using five mailings with tailored internet first and internet choice contact strategies is
consistent with the 2020 Census design. Table 2 outlines the 2020 CBAMS Survey schedule for
mailing invitations and reminders.
Table 2: 2020 CBAMS Survey Mail Schedule
Mailing Description
1
Letter invite and/or
questionnaire
2
Reminder letter
3
Sealed reminder postcard
4
Reminder letter and
questionnaire
5
Sealed reminder postcard
Mailout date
Tuesday, Feb. 20
Universe
Sample
Friday, Feb. 23
Monday, Mar. 5
Monday, Mar.
19
Monday, Apr. 2
Sample
Sample
Nonrespondents as
of Feb. 27 at 9am
Nonrespondents as
of Mar. 27 at 9am
Response Rate
The final weighted response rate for the 2020 CBAMS Survey was 39.4 percent. The research
team developed a modified version of the AAPOR RR3 to calculate the final weighted response
rate (American Association for Public Opinion Research, 2016). AAPOR RR3 is calculated by
dividing the number of completed responses received by the sum of completed responses
received, the eligible cases without a response, and an estimated portion of unknown eligibility
14
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
cases that are eligible.15 For the purposes of the 2020 CBAMS Survey, the RR3 formula was
modified by combining partially completed responses and noncontacts16 as eligible noninterviews. Table 3 describes each disposition, its final unweighted and weighted frequencies,
and the response rate formula used.
Table 3: 2020 CBAMS Survey Disposition and Frequencies
Disposition
Criteria
Final
complete
eligible
interview
Web respondents (I): Reached sexual
orientation item, answered at least 53 items
(not counting skip pattern questions), and
answered at least five of the six demographic
items (age, sex, education, race, Hispanic origin,
and owner or renter) used for weighting.
Eligible noninterviews
Mail respondents (I): Answered at least 53
items (not counting skip pattern questions) and
answered at least five of the six demographic
items (age, sex, education, race, Hispanic origin,
and owner or renter) used for weighting.
Web refusal (R): Started a web response but did
not meet the final complete criteria and is not a
mail complete.
Unweighted Weighted
frequency
frequency
17,500
44,780,000
28,500
64,840,000
Mail refusal (R): Not a web complete and either
returned a paper questionnaire that did not
meet the mail final complete criteria or
returned correspondence refusing to complete
the questionnaire.
Unknown
eligibility
Non eligible
15
16
Nonrespondents (NR): Not undeliverable-asaddressed (UAA) for the first mailing and did not
submit a mail or internet response or UAA and
did not meet the criteria for unknown eligibility.
Unknown eligible (UHUO): Nonrespondent
4,400
addresses that received a UAA in the first
mailing and never responded in subsequent
mailings.
Non Eligible: Under 18 and out-of-scope cases
N<15
(group quarters, etc.).
Eligible cases without a response include partial completes, refusals and non-contacts.
Noncontacts are unknown but potentially eligible cases that were not interviewed.
15
10,340,000
33,000
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Disposition
Criteria
e
e: Estimated vacancy rate based on a 2013
American Community Survey (ACS) report.
The value of e is 39.67 percent.
Unweighted Weighted
frequency
frequency
39.67%
39.67%
By applying e to UHUO, the research team
estimated 39.67 percent of nonrespondents
who were UAAs on the first mailing as eligible
noninterviews, and considered 60.33 percent of
nonrespondents who were UAAs on the first
mailing as vacant and thus not eligible.
RR3
All other UAAs were considered eligible
noninterviews.
∑𝐼𝑤𝑡
∑[(𝐼𝑤𝑡 ) + (𝑅𝑤𝑡 + 𝑁𝑅𝑤𝑡 ) + 𝑒(𝑈𝐻𝑈𝑂𝑤𝑡 )]
36.54%
39.40%
Note: The frequencies recorded above are rounded in accordance with DRB guidelines.
Source: 2020 CBAMS Survey
Table 4 shows weighted response rate by stratum.
Table 4: 2020 CBAMS Survey Weighted
Response Rates by Stratum
Stratum
Internet Choice/Asian or OSREG
Internet Choice/Black
Internet Choice/Hispanic
Internet Choice/Other
Internet First/Asian or OSREG
Internet First/Black
Internet First/Hispanic
Internet First/Other
Overall Weighted Response Rate
Response
rate
31.28%
28.42%
27.08%
37.93%
40.66%
30.82%
29.71%
43.71%
39.40%
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
The research team performed a nonresponse bias study by comparing the distribution of
unweighted responses, weighted responses, ACS 2016 householder data used as weighting
targets and additional demographic variables. Differences between the unweighted and
weighted response from the ACS target did not exceed 10 percent. Results of the comparison
and additional weighting information can be found in Appendix B.
16
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) Dataset
To ensure the confidentiality of all Title 13 publicly released data products, the Census Bureau’s
Disclosure Review Board (DRB) passed the original 2020 CBAMS Survey dataset through a
disclosure avoidance system that imposes differential privacy on each survey question’s
response using the multinomial generalization of randomized response.17 This allowed the DRB
to make available a Public Use Microdata Sample version of the original 2020 CBAMS survey
data.18 The filter used a multivariate random response algorithm for categorical variables and
Laplace additive noise infusion method for continuous variables with an epsilon parameter of
seven.19 All report findings were derived from the approved PUMS version of the 2020 CBAMS
Survey data set.20 As a result, the findings below include additional error from the disclosure
avoidance processes.21
Post-Processing
After data collection closed, Team Y&R merged datasets from both respective modes and
cleaned the data following procedures that ensured consistency across modes and
questionnaire versions. After the data passed through the privacy filter, the research team set
combinations of responses that were invalid to missing and imputed all missing values.22
Weighting
Completed cases were weighted using a three-step weighting process. The first step created
base weights that accounted for each respondent’s probability of selection, the second step
adjusted for nonresponse within each stratum, and the third step used a post-stratification
adjustment.
The 2020 CBAMS Survey was a household-level survey designed to capture adults 18 years or
older who typically open the mail for the household. Several combinations of weighting targets
– census region, age group, homeowner or renter, gender, education, race, and Hispanic origin
– were used as the control totals in the weighting process. Weighting targets were based on
17
See Wang, Wu and Hu (2016).
Approved for release on August 13, 2018 with approval number CBDRB-FY18-422.
19
Note the effective epsilon for each survey question is 1.03, not 7, when considering the “secrecy of the sample”
as described by Li, Qardaji, and Su (2011). To calculate the privacy protection afforded by sampling, the average
household sampling rate was inflated by the ratio of the largest to the smallest sampling rate using the final survey
weights.
20
Response rate calculations were derived from the original 2020 CBAMS dataset.
21
For a discussion of how to incorporate the differential privacy noise into the overall analysis see Avetisyan and
Fox (2012), which derives the likelihoods and posterior distributions incorporating multinomial randomized
response.
22
All missing values were imputed in SAS using PROC SURVEYIMPUTE with the hot deck option.
18
17
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
ACS 2016 householder data. Missing values for race and Hispanic origin, age group, gender,
owner or renter, and education values were imputed.
Post-stratification weights were calculated using iterative proportional fitting (i.e., raking) to
ensure that weighted demographic variables for respondents followed approximately the same
distribution as the population targets. Nonresponse weights were used as the input weights.
One final weight (as opposed to replicate weights) was created using a publicly available SAS
raking macro. Census regions were identified by mailing address. The post-stratification
weights were trimmed at the first and 99th percentile to avoid extreme weights.
More details about the weighting procedure, including how base weights and nonresponse
adjustment weights were found, are available in Appendix B.
Analysis
The results discussed in this report are limited to findings from univariate and bivariate
estimates. All point and variance estimates take into account the sample design and final
weights. Variance estimates were calculated using the Taylor series approximation.
Bivariate tabulations compared dependent variables of interest across key independent
variables. The independent variables measure the following demographic characteristics: age
group,23 gender, sexual orientation,24 education level,25 race and Hispanic origin,26 country of
birth,27 English proficiency,28 internet proficiency,29 presence of children under 6 years old in
23
Based on their birth year, each respondent was assigned to one of the following four age range categories: 1834, 35-44, 45-64, or 65+.
24
Based on response to the sexual orientation question, respondents were categorized as Straight, Sexual minority
(gay, lesbian or bisexual), or Don’t know/Something else.
25
Based on their highest level of education, each respondent was assigned to one of the following four education
categories: Less than high school diploma, High school graduates/no college, Some college or associate degree, or
bachelor’s degree or higher.
26
Based on their response to race and Hispanic origin questions, each respondent was assigned to one of five race
and Hispanic origin categories: Hispanic of any race or non-race, Non-Hispanic (NH) White only, NH Black/African
American only, NH Asian only, or NH small-sample races (races with insufficient sample sizes to analyze, such as NH
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, NH American Indian and Alaska Native only, other races, and multiple races).
27
Based on their reported place of birth, each respondent was assigned to one of two country of birth categories:
those who were born in the U.S. and those were not born in the U.S.
28
Based on their answer to the question “How well do you speak English?—(a) Very well (b) Well (c) Not well (d)
Not at all”—respondents were assigned to one of two English proficiency categories: English proficient for those
who reported speaking English “very well” and Not English proficient for those who reported speaking English
“well,” “not well,” or “not at all.”
29
Based on their answers to the question “About how often do you use the Internet?—(a) Almost constantly (b)
Several times a day (c) About once a day (d) Several times a week (e) Once a week (f) Less than once a week (g)
Never”—respondents were assigned to one of two internet proficiency categories: Internet proficient for those
whose self-reported use of the internet was “almost constantly,” “several times a day,” “about once a day,” or
“several times a week” and Not internet proficient for those who responded “less than once a week” or “never.”
18
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
the household, and homeownership versus home rental. Many questions used a five-point
Likert scale as response options. For questions using the Likert scale, differences between the
top-two response options (“top-two box”) were most often used to analyze outcomes of
interest and were specified when analysis deviated from this format. All point estimates and
standard errors are reported in Appendix A.
Hypothesis tests were performed pairwise on all combinations of pairs within a given
independent variable using an alpha level of 0.10 with a Bonferroni adjustment.30 Only the
largest or most surprising statistically significant differences were reported for a given variable
of interest. Sensitivity checks were performed to confirm that the results were not unique to
the top-two box coding decision. These analysis parameters conform to Census Bureau quality
standards (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013).
Limitations
There were several notable limitations to the 2020 CBAMS Survey that could increase the
likelihood of errors in estimates and limit its usefulness to inform the IPC. These limitations
include the following:
•
The estimates and results from hypothesis tests were found using the noise-injected
2020 CBAMS PUMS. While limited, this noise intentionally introduced error that was not
present in the original dataset to protect respondent privacy.
•
Because a MAF extract was used to draw the sample, there are known coverage errors.
For instance, Puerto Rico and remote Alaska were excluded from the sampling frame as
were some addresses in the U.S. that had recently been sampled by the Census Bureau.
•
Because of changes in data collection strategies and question wording from previous
CBAMS Surveys, the results from the 2020 CBAMS Survey cannot be used to reliably
gauge how certain measures have changed over time.
•
This analysis of the 2020 CBAMS Survey data examines only univariate and bivariate
distributions. Multivariate models were not employed to understand the marginal
effects of multiple variables simultaneously on dependent variables of interest.
•
Despite a careful questionnaire development process, the motivators and barriers
measured in the 2020 CBAMS Survey may not be exhaustive. It is unknown whether
other barriers and motivators would show larger effects.
30
Because multiple comparisons induce an increased likelihood of committing Type I errors, a Bonferroni
correction was applied to each alpha value to ensure an accurate assessment of significance. To operationalize the
Bonferroni adjustment, a p-value, 𝑝𝑖 , for a given hypothesis test is adjusted by taking the product m*𝑝𝑖 , where m
is all combinations of pairs within a given independent variable for a given table. The null hypothesis is rejected
using a Bonferroni adjustment if p-value ≤ α/m. It was operationalized by using: m*p-value ≤ 0.1
19
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
•
Results showing associations between barriers, attitudes, motivators, and knowledge
may be associated with census self-response, but there is no evidence of a causal
relationship.
•
Results involving householders’ intention to fill out a census form could be biased by the
fact that responses were received only from those willing to fill out the 2020 CBAMS
Survey; 2020 CBAMS Survey nonrespondents may be less willing to complete the census
than respondents. Further, CBAMS also conducted focus groups to gain further insight
into groups which are normally hard to enumerate with surveys.
•
Willingness to complete the survey and attitudes toward the census for those who
completed the survey could be influenced by the use of Census Bureau branded survey
material.
•
While the 2020 CBAMS Survey was in the field, news broke regarding the Census
Bureau’s intention to include a citizenship question on the 2020 Census form. As a
result, a national debate arose over whether and by how much self-response response
rates could change with the addition of a citizenship question. The 2020 CBAMS Survey
cannot inform this debate because issues involving the citizenship question were not
included in the questionnaire. However, the 2020 CBAMS Focus Group report provides
data generated in focus group discussions on this topic.
Results
In this section we present the results to the four research questions, beginning by answering
the question who intends to respond to the 2020 Census. We then examine gaps in knowledge
about the purpose and uses of the census and how these gaps in knowledge vary across groups.
In the final section, we detail a number of potential barriers to participation in the census
before turning to potential motivators in the final section.
20
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Who intends to respond to the census?
Fewer than seven in 10 householders reported a high likelihood of filling out a
census form.
A key research objective for the 2020 CBAMS Survey was to gauge the public’s intention to
respond to the upcoming census. Fewer than seven in 10 householders reported a high
likelihood of filling out a census form. As shown in Figure 6, 68 percent of householders
reported that they were “extremely likely” or “very likely” to fill out the census form.31
Figure 6
Intent to respond to the census.
100%
2%
5%
80%
25%
60%
38%
40%
68%
20%
30%
0%
How likely would you be to fill out the census form? (n=17,283)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Not too likely
Not at all likely
Somewhat likely
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
Although a majority of householders said they planned to respond to the census, past research
suggests that even individuals who report a commitment to participate may not follow through
on their intention. Aizen (1991) argues that there is often a gap between a person’s intended
and actual behavior. Unforeseen costs and circumstances ultimately prevent some people from
carrying out their intended behavior. This gap between intention and action is evident in past
studies of census response patterns. In the case of the 2010 Census, 90 percent of the
individuals who responded to the Census Continuing Tracking Survey by April 2010 reported
31
Note that 93 percent of householders responded that they were “somewhat likely”, “very likely”, or “extremely
likely” to fill out the census form.
21
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
that they either had “already mailed back the form” or “definitely” intended to do so (Miller &
Walejko, 2010). Yet, the pre-NRFU national mail return rate to the 2010 Census was only 75.8
percent (Letourneau, 2012). Similarly, the 2010 Census Integrated Communications Program
Evaluation found that between 60 and 71 percent of those who reported they “definitely” or
“probably” would participate in the census actual returned their Census form (Datta et al.,
2012). As previous research showed, reported intent to respond to the census may not be a
reliable predictor of actual response, and may be an overestimate of future response rates.
Another driving factor for low levels of intent to respond could also be due to the worsening
survey climate as described in Section 2.3. Regardless, this rate of intended response could be a
cause for concern because the decennial census is intended to count every person in the United
States.
Less educated respondents as well as those who were younger or NH Asian were
the least likely to report intent to fill out the 2020 Census.
Fewer householders with less than a high school diploma (49 percent) reported being
“extremely likely” or “very likely” to respond to the census than those with a bachelor’s degree
or higher (78 percent)—a 29-point gap in intent to respond. Figure 7 shows the variation in
intent to respond across education levels and age groups.
Figure 7
Less educated householders were least likely to report their intention to respond
to the 2020 Census.
How likely would you be to fill out the census form?
100%
2%
5%
80%
25%
3%
7%
6%
10%
1%
3%
2%
4%
18%
27%
30%
35%
60%
37%
38%
38%
38%
40%
68%
36%
60%
49%
78%
67%
41%
20%
30%
29%
22%
13%
0%
Population
average (n=17,283)
Extremely likely
< HS diploma
(n=1,252)
Very likely
HS diploma, no
college
(n=3,460)
Somewhat likely
Some college or
associate degree
(n=5,295)
Not too likely
Not at all likely
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
22
Bachelor's degree
or higher
(n=7,276)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Younger householders reported a lower likelihood of responding to the census than older
householders. There was a difference of 17 percentage points between householders 18 to 34
years old (54 percent) and those 45 years or older (71 percent or more) who reported being
“extremely likely” or “very likely” to respond to the census. Figure 8 shows the distribution of
the householders’ intent to fill out a census form by age group.
Figure 8
Younger householders were least likely to report their intention to respond to
the 2020 Census.
How likely would you be to fill out the the census form?
100%
80%
2%
5%
2%
6%
3%
10%
25%
2%
4%
3%
4%
23%
20%
39%
40%
30%
33%
60%
38%
35%
40%
32%
68%
54%
20%
30%
32%
33%
Age 45-64
(n=6,995)
Age 65+
(n=5,724)
27%
22%
73%
71%
62%
0%
Population
average (n=17,283)
Extremely likely
Age 18-34
(n=2,279)
Very likely
Age 35-44
(n=2,285)
Somewhat likely
Not too likely
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
23
Not at all likely
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Among racial and Hispanic origin groups, NH Asians and NH small-sample size races were least
likely to report their intention to respond to the census (55 percent and 61 percent,
respectably). As Figure 9 shows, NH Whites (69 percent) were most likely to report their
intention to respond to the census. Hispanics (65 percent) and NH Blacks/African Americans (64
percent) were indistinguishable and fell between NH Asians and NH Whites.32 As was true in
CBAMS I (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009), NH Asian respondents (55 percent) reported a lower
intention to respond than other groups, including NH Whites (69 percent), who reported the
highest rates of intent to respond. Although NH Asians were least likely to report their intention
to respond to the census among other races, their actual response rates to the census were
higher than all other race groups except NH Whites (Letourneau, 2012).
Figure 9
NH Asians were least likely to report their intention to respond to the census.
How likely would you be to fill out the the census form?
100%
2%
5%
2%
5%
80%
25%
24%
2%
6%
3%
5%
27%
28%
3%
8%
5%
6%
28%
34%
60%
36%
38%
39%
42%
40%
69%
68%
20%
30%
65%
33%
33%
64%
61%
23%
25%
28%
Hispanic, any
race
(n=2,272)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
38%
55%
17%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Extremely likely
White, NH
(n=11,453)
Very likely
Somewhat likely
Not too likely
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Not at all likely
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
There were also variations in respondents’ reported intent to respond to the census based on
their English proficiency, their proficiency in using the internet, and whether they rent or own
32
Response options were grouped and examined in different ways as part of the sensitivity check. When intent to
respond is measured as “not too likely” and “not at all likely,” variations between race groups diminishes. NH
Asians remains less likely to respond to the census when compared to NH Whites. However, there is no statistical
difference between small-sample races and any other race groups. In addition, NH Whites are indistinguishable
between other races Hispanic origin groups, except NH Asians.
24
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
their home. Householders with English proficiency (i.e., those who speak English “very well”)
(68 percent) reported they were more likely to respond to the census compared to 55 percent
of those without English proficiency. Similarly, 69 percent of householders with internet
proficiency (i.e., those who use the internet at least once a week) reported being “extremely
likely” or “very likely” to fill out a census form, compared to 54 percent of those without
internet proficiency. Finally, homeowners (71 percent) were more likely to report a high
likelihood of responding than renters (60 percent). Appendix A shows the differences in intent
to respond among all demographic characteristics.
Older and less educated householders preferred to fill out the paper form.
The 2020 CBAMS Survey sought to understand respondents’ mode preferences when filling out
the census form. This is particularly important because, for the first time, the Census Bureau
intends to roll-out a large-scale online self-response option for the 2020 Census. According to
the survey, most householders either preferred to fill out online forms (40 percent) or had no
preference (28 percent) between filling out online or paper forms. Roughly one-third (32
percent) preferred to fill out a paper census form.
Differences in response mode preference are important because respondents who are
unwilling or unable to respond to the 2020 Census online could face a barrier early in the data
collection phase. As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, older and less educated householders
overwhelmingly preferred to fill out a paper census form. Fifty-six percent of householders 65
and older preferred to fill out a paper census form compared to 32 percent of those age 45 to
64 and 14 percent of those age 18 to 34. Fifty-eight percent of householders without a high
school diploma and 47 percent of householders with only a high school diploma prefer to fill
out a paper census form.
25
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Figure 10
Older householders preferred to fill out the paper census form.
Which of the following comes closest to your view?
100%
28%
80%
28%
30%
29%
25%
19%
60%
40%
39%
54%
56%
40%
56%
20%
32%
32%
14%
18%
Age 18-34
(n=2,279)
Age 35-44
(n=2,285)
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Prefer Paper
Prefer Online
Age 45-64
(n=6,995)
Age 65+
(n=5,724)
No Preference
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
Figure 11
Less educated respondents preferred to fill out the paper census form.
Which of the following comes closest to your view?
100%
28%
25%
29%
80%
30%
27%
17%
60%
24%
40%
42%
40%
58%
20%
56%
47%
32%
28%
17%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
< HS diploma
(n=1,252)
Prefer Paper
HS diploma, no Some college or Bachelor's degree
college
associate degree
or higher
(n=3,460)
(n=5,295)
(n=7,276)
Prefer Online
No Preference
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
26
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Except for NH Blacks/African Americans and NH Asians, there were few meaningful differences
between races with respect to form preference. NH Blacks/African Americans (44 percent) were
most likely to prefer filling out a paper form while NH Asians (20 percent) were least likely to
prefer filling paper forms.
Perhaps self-evident, individuals not proficient at using the internet were most likely to prefer
filling out a paper census form (80 percent). Seventy-five percent of those who regularly use
the internet preferred to use an online form or had no preference, indicating that not all
proficient internet users prefer to fill out a census form online. Similarly, seventy-five percent of
sexual minorities preferred online forms or had no preference, as shown in Figure 12. The
estimates and standard errors for the differences in mode preference for each demographic
characteristic are available in Appendix A.
Figure 12
Seventy-five percent of sexual minority respondents either preferred an online
form or had no preference
Which of the following comes closest to your view?
100%
28%
28%
40%
40%
32%
32%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Straight (n=16,016)
28%
80%
60%
47%
40%
20%
25%
0%
Prefer Paper
Prefer Online
Sexual Minority (n=579)
No Preference
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
27
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Most people thought filling out the 2020 Census form takes longer than twelve
minutes.
The census form was designed to be quick and easy. To better understand the public’s
perception of the time burden to complete the 2020 Census, the 2020 CBAMS Survey asked
respondents how long they thought it would take to fill out the 2020 Census form. If a large
portion of respondents believed that filling out the census form would take much longer than is
actually the case that could signal a challenge for the communications campaign to overcome.
As shown in Figure 13, 70 percent of the respondents thought it would take longer than 12
minutes to complete a census form, indicating a large gap between the Census Bureau’s
expectation and the public’s perception of how long it would take.
Figure 13
Estimated time to complete a 2020 Census form.
Based on your past experience or just your best guess, how long do
you think it would take you personally to fill out the 2020 Census?
44%
40%
22%
19%
20%
8%
3%
4%
31-59 minutes
60+ minutes
0%
0-7 minutes
8-12 minutes
13-20 minutes
21-30 minutes
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
There were few meaningful differences among demographic characteristics in how long
respondents thought it would take to complete the census. The largest differences were
between age groups, with a 17-percentage point difference between householders age 35 to 44
(37 percent believed the census will take less than 12 minutes to complete) and householders
age 65 and older (20 percent). Appendix A shows the differences among demographic
characteristics in respondents’ anticipated time to complete the census.
28
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Where do gaps in knowledge about the census exist?
Most people were not familiar with the census.
A key research objective for the 2020 CBAMS Survey was to gauge the public’s level of
familiarity with and knowledge of the census. As shown in Figure 14, only 33 percent of
respondents reported that they were “extremely familiar” or “very familiar” with the U.S.
census. A plurality of respondents (46 percent) said that they were only “somewhat familiar”
with the census, and nearly a quarter (21 percent) said that they were “not too familiar” or “not
at all familiar” with the census.
Figure 14
Familiarity with the census.
100%
8%
13%
80%
60%
46%
40%
24%
20%
33%
9%
0%
How familiar are you with the U.S. Census?
(n=17,283)
Extremely familiar Very familiar
Somewhat familiar
Not too familiar
Not at all familiar
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
29
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
As Figure 15 demonstrates, the largest differences in familiarity with the census existed
between householders without a high school diploma and those with a college degree. A 19percentage point gap separated householders with less than a high school diploma (22 percent
were “extremely familiar” or “very familiar” with the census) and those with a bachelor’s
degree or higher (41 percent).
Figure 15
More educated householders were more familiar with the census than less
educated householders.
How familiar are you with the U.S. census?
100%
80%
8%
13%
5%
9%
7%
10%
15%
13%
16%
22%
60%
45%
47%
46%
47%
41%
40%
20%
0%
24%
33%
16%
9%
6%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
< HS diploma
(n=1,252)
Extremely familiar
Very familiar
20%
22%
7%
30%
23%
41%
33%
27%
11%
10%
HS diploma, no2 Some college or27%
Bachelor's degree
college (n=3,460)7 associate degree
or higher
%
(n=5,295)
(n=7,276)
Somewhat familiar
Not too familiar
Not at all familiar
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2 Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
30
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Figure 16 shows that fewer householders aged 18 and 34 were “extremely familiar” or “very
familiar” with the census (22 percent) than those aged 45-64 (37 percent) and 65 or older (35
percent).33 This means there is a 15-point and 13-point gap in familiarity between the youngest
and two oldest age groups. The percentage of householders aged 35 to 44 who are familiar
with the census is firmly between the youngest and oldest groups at 31 percent.
Figure 16
Older householders were more familiar with the census than younger
householders.
How familiar are you with the U.S. census?
100%
80%
60%
8%
13%
0%
6%
7%
11%
12%
46%
46%
16%
19%
46%
44%
45%
40%
20%
9%
14%
24%
22%
33%
16%
22%
9%
6%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
18-34 (n=2,279)
Extremely familiar
Very familiar
27%
31%
37%
10%
2
35-44 (n=2,285)27%
7 45-64 (n=6,995)
%
9%
Somewhat familiar
Not too familiar
26%
35%
9%
65+ (n=5,724)
Not at all familiar
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2 Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
33
Householders aged 45-64 and aged 65+ are not statistically significant from each other, so although the point
estimate is lower for 65+, these groups are statistically equivalent.
31
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Among racial and Hispanic origin groups, NH Asians were least familiar with the census (22
percent responded “extremely familiar” or “very familiar”); NH Blacks/African Americans were
the most familiar with the census (38 percent). Levels of familiarity were very similar among
Hispanics (30 percent), NH Whites (33 percent), and NH small-sample size races (35 percent),
falling between the levels for NH Asians and NH Blacks/African Americans.34 Figure 17 shows
levels of familiarity with the census by race and Hispanic origin.
Figure 17
NH Asians were least familiar with the census.
How familiar are you with the U.S. Census?
100%
8%
12%
16%
13%
80%
7%
8%
8%
12%
14%
12%
48%
43%
42%
24%
25%
18%
22%
60%
46%
39%
40%
40%
20%
0%
24%
33%
9%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Extremely familiar
22%
18%
22%
4%
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Very familiar
38%
35%
33%
31%
24%
9%
9%
10%
14%
Hispanic, any
race
(n=2,272)
White, NH
(n=11,450)
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Somewhat familiar
Not too familiar
Not at all familiar
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
34
When familiarity is measured as “not too familiar” and “not at all familiar,” NH Whites (19 percent), NH
Blacks/African Americans (20 percent), and NH small-sample races (22 percent) had the smallest percentages of
respondents who were not familiar with the census, and were statistically indistinguishable from one another. NH
Asians (39 percent) remained the least familiar with the census.
32
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
There were also moderate differences in familiarity with the census based on householders’
sexual orientation, proficiency in English, and proficiency in using the internet. As Figure 18
shows, sexual minorities (39 percent) were more familiar with the census than people who
identified as “straight” (33 percent). A householder’s ability to speak English “very well” also
corresponded to a higher degree of familiarity with the census (34 percent) compared to their
non-English-proficient counterparts (19 percent). Similarly, there was a 10 percentage-point
gap between internet proficient respondents (34 percent) and those who were not proficient
internet users (24 percent). Appendix A reports the point estimates and standard errors for all
levels of familiarity with the census of these demographic characteristics.
Figure 18
Sexual minorities were more familiar with the census than straight respondents.
How familiar are you with the U.S. Census?
100%
8%
8%
9%
13%
13%
10%
46%
46%
24%
24%
9%
9%
12%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Straight (n=16,016)
Sexual Minority (n=579)
80%
60%
42%
40%
20%
0%
Extremely familiar
Very familiar
Somewhat familiar
27%
39%
33%
Not too familiar
Not at all familiar
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
33
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Knowledge about the purpose and process of the census was uneven across uses
and groups.
Respondents were asked to answer 11 true-or-false, knowledge-based questions about the
census. (Seven were true and four were false.) Respondents’ answers to these questions
showed that they were knowledgeable about some of the purposes and processes of the
census, but they also revealed that there were commonly held misconceptions. Two uses of the
census were known by a majority of the respondents: determining the changes that have taken
place in the size, location, and characteristics of the U.S. population (answered correctly by 80
percent) and that the Census Bureau is required by law to keep information confidential (71
percent).
However, people’s misconceptions of the census ranged from the benign―30 percent falsely
believed the census is used to determine the rate of unemployment―to the potentially
problematic. For example, 10 percent of respondents believed the census is used to locate
people living in the country without documentation, and another 37 percent “did not know” if
it is used this way. Similarly, six percent believed the census helps the police and FBI keep track
of people who break the law, and 31 percent were unsure whether or not the census is used
this way. Figure 19 and Appendix A report the topline results for the 11 knowledge questions.
34
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Figure 19
Most people knew that the census is used to determine changes in U.S.
population, but there were misconceptions about other uses.
Is the census used __________, or is it not used for this?
To determine changes in the size, location, and
characteristics of the U.S. (True)
17% 3%
80%
Is required by law to keep information confidential (True)
23%
71%
To help the police and FBI keep track of people who break
the law (False)
6%
31%
63%
6%
To determine how many representatives each state will
have in Congress (True)
57%
Counts both citizens and non-citizens (True)
55%
To locate people living in the country without
documentation (False)
53%
37%
10%
To determine property taxes (False)
52%
38%
10%
To determine how much money communities will get from
the gov't (True)
29%
To determine the rate of unemployment (False)
24%
Do not know
31%
Incorrect
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Note: (1) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(2) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
35
22%
41%
29%
Law requires you to answer the census questions (True,
n=17,283 )
16%
44%
34%
12%
16%
39%
45%
U.S. Constitution requires the census be conducted (True)
Correct
31%
30%
45%
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
The largest differences in knowledge were between people of different
education levels, followed by level of internet proficiency and race and Hispanic
origin.
To better understand differences in knowledge of the census among demographic
characteristics, the research team constructed knowledge categories of roughly equally sized
“low,” “medium,” and “high” groupings and assigned each respondent to a category based on
the number of questions they answered correctly.35 Respondents who answered from zero to
three of the 11 knowledge questions correctly were classified as “low knowledge,” those who
answered from four to seven questions correctly as “medium knowledge,” and those who
answered eight or more questions correctly as “high knowledge.”
The largest gap in knowledge about the census was between people with different levels of
education. Only 12 percent of people with less than a high school diploma correctly answered
enough knowledge questions to be classified as “high knowledge,” whereas 43 percent of
people with at least a bachelor’s degree were classified as “high knowledge”—a 31 percentagepoint difference. Figure 20 shows the distribution of knowledge groups by education level.
Figure 20
Respondents with less than a high school diploma knew less about the census
than respondents with higher levels of education.
100%
23%
80%
32%
44%
22%
11%
46%
60%
47%
50%
48%
40%
44%
20%
43%
30%
20%
12%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
28%
< HS diploma HS diploma, no Some college or
(n=1,252)
college
associate
(n=3,460)
degree
(n=5,295)
High knowledge
Medium knowledge
Low knowledge
(8-11 correct)
(4-7 correct)
(0-3 correct)
Bachelor's
degree or
higher
(n=7,276)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
35
For additional research on how census knowledge varies across groups see García Trejo (2017) and García Trejo
and Walejko (2018).
36
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
There were also significant knowledge differences between those with high and low internet
proficiency. Thirty-two percent of internet-proficient respondents were classified as “high
knowledge” compared to 15 percent of respondents who were not internet proficient—a 17percentage-point difference. Figure 21 shows the distribution of knowledge groups by internet
proficiency.
Figure 21
Respondents who are not internet proficient had lower levels of knowledge
about the census than respondents who are internet proficient.
100%
20%
23%
80%
42%
60%
48%
47%
40%
20%
43%
32%
30%
15%
0%
Population average
(n=17,283)
High knowledge
(8-11 correct)
Low Internet
High Internet
Proficiency (n=2,302) Proficiency (n=14,981)
Medium knowledge
(4-7 correct)
Low knowledge
(0-3 correct)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
37
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
There was a 16 percentage-point difference between the most knowledgeable and least
knowledgeable race and Hispanic origin groups. NH Whites (33 percent) had the largest
percentage of respondents classified as “high knowledge,” and NH Blacks/African Americans
(17 percent) had the lowest. Hispanics of any race or no race (25 percent), NH small-sample
races (23 percent), and NH Asians (23 percent) had a statistically indistinguishable percentage
of respondents classified as “high knowledge.”36 Figure 22 shows the distribution of the
knowledge groups by race and Hispanic origin.
Figure 22
NH Black/African Americans had lower levels of knowledge about the census
than other race and Hispanic origin groups.
100%
23%
80%
32%
29%
26%
26%
48%
51%
49%
23%
23%
25%
60%
47%
51%
40%
20%
30%
17%
21%
46%
33%
0%
Population
average
(17,283)
Black, NH Small-sample Asian, NH Hispanic, any White, NH
(n=1,845)
race, NH
(n=1,023)
race
(n=11,453)
(n=690)
(n=2,272)
High knowledge
Medium knowledge
Low knowledge
(8-11 correct)
(4-7 correct)
(0-3 correct)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
What barriers would prevent people from completing the census?
Roughly a quarter of people were concerned about the confidentiality of their
answers to the 2020 Census.
When asked how concerned they were that the Census Bureau would not keep answers to the
2020 Census confidential, 28 percent of respondents said that they were “extremely
36
When knowledge is measured as “low knowledge,” NH Blacks/African Americans (32 percent) and NH smallraces (29 percent) have the highest percentage of respondents in the low knowledge category at statistically equal
levels. NH Whites (21 percent) have a statistically significantly lower percentage of people in the “low knowledge”
category than all other races.
38
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
concerned” or “very concerned,” and another 25 percent responded that they were “somewhat
concerned.”
Respondents expressed similar levels of concern about the possibility that the Census Bureau
might share answers to the 2020 Census with other government agencies. Twenty-four percent
said they were “extremely concerned” or “very concerned” that the census will share their
answers with other government agencies; another 25 percent said they were “somewhat
concerned.” Figure 23 shows the topline responses to questions about confidentiality concerns.
Figure 23
Concern about confidentiality of answers to the 2020 Census.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the
Census Bureau will _____________?
100%
18%
19%
29%
32%
80%
60%
40%
25%
20%
15%
0%
25%
13%
28%
24%
13%
11%
Not keep answers to the 2020 Census
confidential
(n=17,283)
Share answers to the 2020 Census with other
government agencies
(n=17,283)
Extremely concerned
Very concerned
Not too concerned
Not at all Concerned
Somewhat concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
The largest gaps in concern about the confidentiality of answers were across
race and Hispanic origin, education level, age, and level of English proficiency.
NH Asians (42 percent) and NH Blacks/African Americans (38 percent) were the most likely to
be “extremely concerned” or “very concerned” that the Census Bureau would not keep answers
to the 2020 Census confidential. The difference between the two groups is statistically
indistinguishable.37 These two groups, along with respondents from NH small-sample races (32
37
When concern that answers will not be kept confidential is measured as “not too concerned” and “not at all
concerned,” NH Asians (27 percent) have a significantly smaller percentage of respondents who said they are “not
too concerned” or “not at all concerned” than all other races. NH Whites (52 percent) remain the least concerned
group.
39
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
percent) and Hispanics (35 percent), were significantly more likely to be concerned about
confidentiality than NH Whites (24 percent). Figure 24 shows how each race and Hispanic origin
groups responded to the confidentiality question.
Figure 24
All racial and Hispanic-origin groups were more concerned that the Census
Bureau would not keep their answers to the census confidential than NH Whites.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will
not keep answers to the 2020 Census confidential?
100%
9%
14%
18%
16%
19%
18%
80%
21%
23%
26%
29%
60%
26%
23%
25%
24%
23%
20%
33%
31%
27%
40%
19%
20%
42%
15%
18%
38%
35%
28%
13%
16%
32%
19%
18%
17%
16%
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
13%
24%
11%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Extremely concerned
Very concerned
Somewhat concerned
Not too concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%
40
White, NH
(n=11,450)
Not at all concerned
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
At rates that are statistically equal to one another, NH Asians (35 percent), NH Blacks/African
Americans (34 percent), Hispanics (32 percent), and NH small-sample races (30 percent) were
also more concerned than NH Whites (19 percent) that their answers would be shared with
other government agencies.38 Figure 25 shows how race and Hispanic origin groups responded
to the data sharing question.
Figure 25
All racial and Hispanic origin groups were more concerned that the Census
Bureau would share their answers with other government agencies than NH
Whites.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will share
answers to the 2020 Census with other government agencies?
100%
11%
19%
80%
60%
17%
25%
25%
21%
21%
22%
32%
30%
32%
40%
15%
26%
35%
26%
19%
25%
25%
20%
20%
18%
35%
13%
24%
17%
34%
11%
15%
16%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
17%
32%
15%
30%
13%
0%
Extremely concerned
Very concerned
Not too concerned
Not at all concerned
Hispanic, any Small-sample
race (n=2,272)
race, NH
(n=690)
11%
19%
8%
White, NH
(n=11,450)
Somewhat concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
Differences in concern across education levels were similar in size to those seen across race and
Hispanic origin groups. People with less than a high school diploma were significantly more
38
When concern that answers will be shared with other government agencies is measured as “not too concerned”
and “not at all concerned,” NH Asians (33 percent) have a significantly smaller percentage of respondents who said
they were not concerned than all other races and people of Hispanic origins. NH Whites (56 percent) and NH smallsample races (51 percent) have the highest percentages of respondents who said they were not concerned at
statistically equal rates.
41
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
concerned than those with higher levels of education that the Census Bureau would not keep
their answers confidential (38 percent versus 22 percent) and that their answers might be
shared with other government agencies (35 percent versus 18 percent).
Concerns about confidentiality followed a similar pattern by age. Thirty-five percent of people
65 years old or older said they were “extremely concerned” or “very concerned” that the
Census Bureau will keep their answers private, compared with only 19 percent of 18-34 year
olds who said the same (16 percentage-point difference). Differences in concern across age
groups is not as pronounced in the case of concern that answers will be shared with other
government agencies. There is not a statistically significance difference in concern between 1834 year olds (19 percent) and 35-44 (21 percent), and only a 10 and 8 percentage-point
difference between these groups and people age 65 and older.
The rate of concern for people who are not proficient in English (37 percent) is 14 percentage
points higher than the rate for those who are English proficient (23 percent). Appendix A
reports responses by group for the confidentiality and data-sharing questions.
42
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Nearly a quarter of respondents were “very concerned” or “extremely
concerned” that their answers to the 2020 Census would be used against them.
As Figure 26 shows, when asked how concerned they were that the answers they provide to the
2020 Census would be used against them, 22 percent of respondents said that they were
“extremely concerned” or “very concerned.” Seventeen percent said that they were
“somewhat concerned.”
Figure 26
Fear of repercussions from answering the 2020 Census.
100%
30%
80%
60%
31%
40%
17%
20%
9%
13%
22%
0%
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you provide to the
2020 Census will be used against you?
(n=17,283)
Extremely Concerned
Very Concerned
Not too Concerned
Not at all Concerned
Somewhat Concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
43
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
NH Asians, individuals not proficient in English, and those born outside the U.S.
expressed the most concern that their answers to the 2020 Census would be
used against them.
The largest differences in concern about repercussions from answering the 2020 Census were
across racial and Hispanic origin groups. NH Asians (41 percent) had the largest percentage of
respondents who said they were “extremely concerned” or “very concerned” that their answers
to the 2020 Census would be used against them, followed by NH Blacks/African Americans (35
percent) and Hispanics (32 percent), and finally, people from NH small-sample races (25
percent). NH Whites (16 percent) were significantly less concerned than all other races that
their answers would be used against them. Figure 27 shows the distribution of differences in
levels of concern about repercussions by race and ethnicity.
Figure 27
All racial and Hispanic origin groups were more concerned their answers to the
2020 Census would be used against them than NH Whites.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you
provide to the 2020 Census will be used against you?
100%
13%
22%
30%
80%
25%
33%
22%
24%
24%
60%
28%
31%
24%
35%
19%
40%
19%
19%
17%
17%
20%
28%
15%
41%
9%
22%
24%
12%
20%
13%
16%
10%
35%
32%
20%
15%
25%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Extremely concerned
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Very concerned
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Somewhat concerned
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
Not too concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
44
7%
9%
16%
White, NH
(n=11,450)
Not at all concerned
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Respondents’ self-reported levels of English proficiency also related to their level of
repercussion concerns. Thirty-nine percent of respondents who were not proficient in English
reported that they were “extremely concerned” or “very concerned” that their answers would
be used against them. Conversely, only 21 percent of English-proficient respondents reported
the same level of concern. Figure 28 shows the distribution of responses by English proficiency.
Figure 28
Respondents who were not proficient in English were more concerned that their
answers would be used against them than English proficient respondents.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you
provide to the 2020 Census will be used against you?
100%
19%
30%
30%
80%
20%
60%
31%
32%
22%
40%
17%
20%
18%
39%
9%
13%
17%
22%
9%
21%
21%
12%
0%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Extremely concerned
Not English Proficient
(n=15,994)
Very concerned
Somewhat concerned
Not too concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%
45
English Proficient
(n=1,289)
Not at all concerned
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Similarly, Figure 29 shows that people who were born outside the U.S. (34 percent) were
significantly more concerned than those born in the U.S. (20 percent) that their answers to the
census would be used against them. Appendix A contains all group estimates and standard
errors for the repercussion question.
Figure 29
Respondents who were born outside the United States were more concerned
that their answers would be used against them than those born in the United
States.
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you
provide to the 2020 Census will be used against you?
100%
22%
30%
31%
80%
25%
60%
31%
33%
19%
40%
17%
20%
9%
13%
16%
14%
9%
34%
22%
20%
20%
11%
0%
Population average
Born outside of the U.S.
(n=2,814)
Extremely concerned
Very concerned
Not too concerned
Not at all concerned
Born in the U.S.
(n=14,469)
Somewhat concerned
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
46
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Distrust in all levels of government was high, with highest levels of distrust in
the federal government.
The decennial census is sponsored and conducted by a federal agency (i.e., the U.S. Census
Bureau), so it is possible that participation in the census could be affected by trust in the
government, especially the Federal government. Responses to the 2020 CBAMS Survey
demonstrate that approximately three in five survey respondents (59 percent) said they trust
the federal government to do what is right “only some of the time” or “none of the time.” Rates
of distrust were slightly lower for state and local governments, at 54 percent and 47 percent,
respectively. As discussed in the Background (Section 2) of this report, these rates of distrust
mirror those found in other public opinion surveys, such as the American National Election
Studies, that show trust in the government has been declining in the U.S. for decades. Figure 30
and tables in Appendix A show the topline point estimates and standard errors for the three
government trust questions on the 2020 CBAMS Survey.
Figure 30
Majorities did not trust federal and state governments to do what is right most
of the time.
How much of the time do you think you can trust
the federal/state/local government to do what is right?
100%
80%
5%
5%
36%
41%
6%
47%
60%
40%
50%
46%
59%
54%
41%
20%
0%
9%
8%
6%
Federal government
(n=17,283)
State government
(n=17,283)
Local government
(n=17,283)
None of the time
Only some of the time
Most of the time
Just about always
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
47
47%
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
There were clear differences in trust in government within race and Hispanic
origin, birth country, and English proficiency groups.
NH small-sample races (63 percent) and NH Whites (63 percent) had significantly higher levels
of distrust in the federal government than all other races. In the case of trust in their state
governments, NH Whites (47 percent), small-sample races (59 percent), and NH Blacks/African
Americans (54 percent) were equally distrusting. However, NH Whites (47 percent) are not as
distrusting of their local governments as NH small-sample races (55 percent) and NH
Blacks/African Americans (54 percent). Across all levels of government, Hispanics of any race
and NH Asians reported significantly lower levels of distrust (i.e., higher levels of trust) in the
government than all other race and Hispanic origin groups. These differences in trust between
people of different races mirror the trends reported in the American National Election Studies
(ANES) Time Series Study data (American National Election Studies, 2017). Figure 31 shows how
each race and Hispanic origin group responded to the question on trust in the federal
government.
Figure 31
NH Whites, NH small-sample races, and NH Blacks had the highest levels of
distrust in the federal government, Hispanics, and NH Asians the lowest.
How much of the time do you think you can trust the
FEDERAL government to do what is right?
100%
80%
5%
36%
4%
3%
33%
34%
8%
12%
10%
41%
49%
35%
60%
40%
48%
50%
53%
63%
63%
59%
47%
57%
39%
20%
0%
15%
9%
Population
Average
(n=17,283)
None of the time
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
47%
37%
10%
10%
8%
4%
White, NH
(n=11,453)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Some of the time
Most of the time
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
48
Just about always
41%
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
People born in the U.S. were more distrusting of all levels of government than people born
outside the U.S. Sixty-two percent of people born in the U.S. said that they distrusted the
federal government compared to 39 percent of people born outside of the United States. The
gap was similarly sized for distrust in the respondent’s state government (22 points) and slightly
smaller for local government (16 points). This finding is consistent with recent research that
shows immigrants are more likely than native-born U.S. residents to trust the federal
government (Baldassare, Bonner, Dykman, & Lopes, 2018). Figure 32 details how respondents
born in and outside of the US reported trusting the federal government.
Figure 32
People born in the U.S. were more distrusting of the federal government than
people born outside the U.S.
How much of the time do you think you can trust the
FEDERAL government to do what is right?
100%
4%
5%
14%
80%
34%
36%
47%
60%
40%
52%
50%
62%
59%
34%
20%
0%
9%
10%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Born in the United
States (n=14,469)
None of the time
Some of the time
Most of the time
5%
Born outside of the
United States (n=2,814)
Just about always
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
49
39%
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Among respondents who are English proficient, 62 percent said they trusted the federal
government “some of the time” (52 percent) or “none of the time” (10 percent), compared to
38 percent of respondents who are not proficient in English (34 percent “some of the time,” 4
percent “none of the time”)—a difference of 23 percentage points. The difference for trust in
state government was 21 percentage points (56 percent for English proficient respondents, 36
percent for those not proficient in English); it was 12 percentage points (48 percent versus 36
percent) for trust in local government.
Many did not feel that it matters whether they are counted in the 2020 Census.
When survey respondents were asked if it matters whether they personally are counted in the
2020 Census, 41 percent said it matters “a moderate amount,” “a little,” or “not at all.” Figure
33 reports the topline distribution of responses to the question measuring perceived efficacy of
participation in the 2020 Census.
Figure 33
Perceptions of the efficacy of participating in the 2020 Census.
100%
33%
80%
60%
26%
40%
23%
20%
41%
10%
8%
0%
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you personally are
counted in the 2020 Census?
(n=17,283)
Not at all
A little
A moderate amount
A lot
A great deal
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
50
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
The largest differences in perceptions of the efficacy of participating were across
age and race groups.
The largest difference in perceptions of the importance of personally being counted in the
census was between the young and old. As Figure 34 demonstrates, over half of people age 18
to 34 (55 percent) felt that it matters “not at all,” “a little,” or “a moderate amount.” Only 34
percent of people age 65 and over expressed the same level of pessimism about the efficacy of
participating.
Figure 34
Younger respondents were less likely to believe that participating in the census
matters relative to older respondents.
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you
personally are counted in the 2020 Census?
100%
23%
80%
31%
33%
36%
39%
22%
60%
26%
26%
27%
40%
30%
23%
20%
55%
41%
26%
43%
14%
10%
0%
27%
22%
19%
37%
34%
10%
8%
8%
8%
11%
7%
7%
7%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
18-34
(n=2,279)
35-44
(n=2,285)
45-64
(n=6,995)
65+
(n=5,724)
Not at all
A little
A moderate amount
A lot
A great deal
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
51
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
When asked how much they thought it mattered if they were personally counted in the 2020
Census, NH Asians (47 percent), NH small-sample races (47 percent), and NH Whites (43
percent) responded at statistically equal levels that they felt it mattered “not at all,” “a little,”
or “a moderate amount.” All had significantly lower levels of efficacy than Hispanics (34
percent) and NH Blacks/African Americans (33 percent), only a third of whom tended to feel it
mattered, at most, “a moderate amount” if they were counted in the 2020 Census. Figure 35
shows responses by race and ethnicity.
Figure 35
NH Asians, NH Whites, and NH small-sample races were least likely to say
being counted in the 2020 Census mattered for them. NH Blacks and Hispanics
were the most likely.
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you
personally are counted in the 2020 Census?
100%
24%
80%
33%
31%
34%
36%
44%
29%
60%
19%
26%
26%
30%
23%
40%
20%
0%
23%
29%
23%
25%
47%
47%
41%
43%
11%
10%
12%
8%
6%
Population
Average
(n=17,283)
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Not at all
A little
10%
13%
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
A moderate amount
34%
7%
9%
8%
7%
8%
White, NH
(n=11,453)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
A lot
A great deal
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
52
16%
20%
33%
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
More people predicted participating in the 2020 Census could benefit their
community than them personally.
When asked whether they believed answering the 2020 Census could benefit or harm their
community, a majority of people (54 percent) said that they believed the census would benefit
their community. However, only 37 percent said they thought answering the census would
benefit them personally. A plurality (44 percent) said they believed answering the 2020 Census
would “neither benefit nor harm” them personally. Only one percent of respondents said they
believed answering the census would harm their communities or harm them personally. Figure
36 and tables in Appendix A show topline estimates and standard errors for the questions on
the potential effects of participation in the census.
Figure 36
A majority of people said that they believed the census could benefit their
community, while a minority reported it could benefit them personally.
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form
could benefit or harm _________ in any way?
100%
1%
1%
18%
24%
80%
21%
60%
44%
40%
54%
20%
37%
0%
Your community
(n=17,283)
Benefit
You personally
(n=17,283)
Neither benefit nor harm
Both benefit and harm
Harm
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
53
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
The largest group differences in perceived benefits or harm from participating in
the census were across race and Hispanic origin groups.
In the case of potential effects on the respondent’s community, a significantly higher
percentage of Hispanics (62 percent) than any other race and Hispanic origin group said that
answering the census could benefit their community. Conversely, people of NH small-sample
races (47 percent) were significantly less likely than all other races to believe that answering the
census could benefit their community.
There were smaller, yet statistically significant, differences in perceptions of the other potential
effects (i.e., harm, neither benefit nor harm, and both benefit and harm) that participating in
the 2020 Census could have on the community between race and Hispanic origin groups. Figure
37 shows how each race and Hispanic origin group responded.
Figure 37
Hispanics are the most likely race or Hispanic origin group to perceive potential
benefits to their community from participating in the 2020 Census.
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form
could benefit or harm your community in any way?
100%
1%
1%
0%
1%
1%
2%
24%
21%
23%
24%
27%
28%
22%
22%
20%
80%
16%
60%
21%
23%
40%
62%
54%
55%
53%
52%
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
White, NH
(n=11,453)
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
20%
47%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Benefit
Neither benefit nor harm
Both benefit and harm
Harm
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
54
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
There were large race and Hispanic origin group differences in perceptions of the personal
effects of participating in the census. Again, Hispanics (48 percent) were significantly more
likely than all other race and Hispanic origin groups to perceive a personal benefit from
answering the 2020 Census. NH Whites (34 percent) and NH small-sample races (33 percent)
were less likely than all other races to believe that answering the 2020 Census would benefit
them personally.
A significantly larger percentage of NH Whites (48 percent) than all other races said answering
the census would “neither benefit nor harm” them personally. On the other hand, NH
Blacks/African Americans (23 percent) and people of NH small-sample races (23 percent) had
the largest percentage of respondents who believed that participating in the 2020 Census could
“both benefit and harm” them personally. Figure 31 shows how each race and ethnic group
responded.
Figure 38
A larger percentage of NH Whites than any other race or Hispanic origin group
said that answering the census could “neither benefit nor harm” them
personally.
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form
could benefit or harm you personally in any way?
100%
1%
1%
18%
16%
1%
2%
23%
20%
33%
39%
1%
17%
2%
23%
80%
35%
60%
44%
48%
42%
40%
20%
48%
43%
37%
39%
34%
33%
White, NH
(n=11,453)
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Benefit
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Neither benefit nor harm
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Both benefit and harm
Harm
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
55
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
What would potentially motivate people to complete the census?
The 2020 CBAMS Survey asked a series of questions about different uses of census information
in order to gauge which uses respondents found most important. The purpose was to identify
content for the communications campaign that could motivate respondents to fill out the 2020
Census form. Motivators were examined by first asking respondents to indicate how important
each of a series of uses was to them personally, followed by a single question in which
respondents were forced to choose from that same series the most important reason to fill out
the census.
Funding for public service was the most popular motivator.
When forced to choose the single most important use of the census, householders were most
likely (30 percent) to choose “It helps determine funding for public services in my community.”
“It is my civic duty” was selected by 25 percent of householders, and “It is used to enforce civil
rights laws” and “It shows that I am proud of my cultural heritage” each received two percent
of responses or less. Figure 39 shows the result of the forced-choice question.
Figure 39
Forced-choice motivators.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you
personally, that you should fill out the census form?
(Forced Choice)
It shows that I am proud of my cultural
heritage
It is used to enforce civil rights laws
It determines how many elected
representatives my state has in
Congress
It is my civic duty (along with voting,
jury duty, paying taxes)
30%
25%
10%
It helps determine funding for public
services in my community like schools
and fire departments
It contributes to a better future for my
community
17%
15%
It provides information for my local
government to plan for changes in my
community
2%
1%
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the pie chart were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
56
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Differences across demographic characteristics were minimal between each forced-choice
option. The largest difference was among those who indicated civic duty was the most
important reason to respond to the census: 12 percentage points separated Hispanics (16
percent) from NH Whites (28 percent) and respondents who speak English proficiently (26
percent) from those who do not speak English proficiently (14 percent).
Community-oriented motivators were most popular with younger people, nonwhites, those who were not English proficient, and the less educated.
However, larger differences across demographic characteristics emerged when all of the
community-oriented responses were combined into one category. Community-oriented
motivators included determining funding for public services in the community (chosen by 30
percent of householders), contributing to a better future for the community (17 percent), and
providing information for local government to plan for changes in the community (15 percent).
Together, these three motivators made up 62 percent of the weighted responses (see Figure
40).
Figure 40
Forced-choice community-oriented motivators combined.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you
personally, that you should fill out the census form?
(Forced Choice, Community-oriented Motivators Combined)
It shows that I am proud of my cultural
heritage
It is used to enforce civil rights laws
30%
25%
62%
17%
10%
15%
Community-oriented Motivators
2%
1%
It determines how many elected
representatives my state has in
Congress
It is my civic duty (along with voting,
jury duty, paying taxes)
It helps determine funding for public
services in my community like schools
and fire departments
It contributes to a better future for my
community
It provides information for my local
government to plan for changes in my
community
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the pie chart were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
57
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
With community-oriented uses of census information combined, it becomes apparent that
community-oriented motivators were most popular with younger, non-whites, those who were
not English proficient, and less educated. As shown in Figure 41, nearly seven in ten
householders (69 percent) in the 18-34 and 35-44 age groups indicated that a communityoriented use of the census was most important to them. Popularity in community-oriented uses
of the census declines for older householders. About half (51 percent) of those 65 and older
indicated that they believed community-oriented uses were the most important use of census
information.
Figure 41
Community-oriented motivators were most popular with younger householders.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally,
that you should fill out the census form?
(community-oriented responses combined)
100%
1%
2%
10%
80%
2%
2%
6%
1%
2%
7%
21%
21%
25%
1%
2%
10%
2%
2%
14%
25%
31%
60%
40%
62%
69%
69%
62%
51%
20%
0%
Population
average (n=17,283)
Age 18-34
(n=2,279)
Age 35-44
(n=2,285)
Community-oriented
Civic duty
Enforce civil rights laws
Cultural heritage
Age 45-64
(n=6,995)
Determine number of reps
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to the whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%
58
Age 65+
(n=5,724)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
NH Whites were the least likely (58 percent) among race and Hispanic origin demographic
groups to choose a community-oriented use. Hispanics (73 percent) were most likely to specify
a community-oriented use, followed by NH Asians (70 percent), NH Blacks/African Americans
(70 percent), and NH small-sample races (62 percent). Figure 42 shows the distribution of
community-oriented responses by race and Hispanic origin group.
Figure 42
Community-oriented motivators were most popular with people of Hispanic
origin.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally,
that you should fill out the census form?
(community-oriented responses combined)
100%
1%
2%
10%
80%
2%
3%
6%
2%
3%
6%
2%
4%
4%
16%
19%
20%
3%
2%
8%
25%
25%
1%
2%
11%
28%
60%
40%
73%
70%
62%
70%
62%
58%
Small-sample
race, NH
(n=690)
White, NH
(n=11,453)
20%
0%
Population
average
(n=17,283)
Hispanic, any
race (n=2,272)
Asian, NH
(n=1,023)
Community-Oriented
Civic Duty
Enforce Civil Rights Laws
Cultural Heritage
Black, NH
(n=1,845)
Determine Number of Reps
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
59
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Figure 43 shows a 14 percentage-point gap separating English proficient respondents (61
percent) who chose a community-oriented motivator from non-English proficient respondents
(75 percent) who chose a community-oriented motivator.
Figure 43
Community-oriented motivators were most popular with those not proficient in
English.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally,
that you should fill out the census form? (community-oriented responses
combined)
100%
1%
2%
10%
1%
2%
10%
3%
3%
5%
14%
80%
25%
26%
60%
40%
75%
62%
61%
20%
0%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Community-Oriented
Not English Proficienct
(n=15,994)
Civic Duty
Determine Number of Reps
Enforce Civil Rights Laws
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
60
English Proficienct
(n=1,289)
Cultural Heritage
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
As Figure 44 demonstrates, a trend similar to what was found with age groups emerged for
respondents’ levels of education, in that community-oriented uses of the census resonated
more with lower-educated respondents than with highly educated respondents. Householders
with a high school diploma or less (70 percent) chose a community-oriented use of census
information as the most important motivator compared to 56 percent of those with a college
degree.
Figure 44
Community-oriented motivators were most popular with lower-educated
householders.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally,
that you should fill out the census form?
(community-oriented responses combined)
100%
1%
2%
10%
80%
3%
4%
5%
2%
2%
6%
1%
1%
9%
18%
24%
26%
25%
1%
2%
14%
27%
60%
40%
62%
70%
66%
63%
56%
20%
0%
Population
average (n=17,283)
< HS diploma
(n=1,252)
HS diploma, no Some college or Bachelor's degree
college (n=3,460) associate degree or higher (n=7,276)
(n=5,295)
Community-oriented
Civic duty
Enforce civil rights laws
Cultural heritage
Determine number of reps
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
In all four cases mentioned above, the demographic characteristic (i.e., age, race and Hispanic
origin, English proficiency, and education level) that was least likely to specify a communityoriented reason to complete the census was among the most likely to indicate that the most
important reason to participate in the census was either to fulfill their civic duty or determine
the number of elected representatives their state received in Congress. For instance, fewer
householders 65 or older than respondents of any other age group specified a communityoriented motivator, and they were the most likely to choose civic duty or determining the
number of elected representatives as the most important use of the census. There is a
bifurcation of respondents such that some demographic characteristics gravitated to
community-oriented motivations and others gravitated to civic duty or determining the number
of elected representatives as the most important reason to complete the census. Appendix A
shows the weighted distribution of the forced-choice motivator for all demographic
characteristics.
There was also a disconnect between knowledge about the census (as discussed in Section 5.2)
and reasons people might participate in the census. Although a plurality of householders (30
percent) cited the census’s role in determining funding for public services as the single most
important reason to fill out the census, only 45 percent of respondents knew that the census is
used to determine how much government funding communities receive. . Similarly, 25 percent
cited civic duty as the top reason to participate in the census, yet only 25 percent knew that
they were required by law to fill out the census form, and 66 percent did not know that the U.S.
Constitution mandates that the census be conducted.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Not only are community-oriented uses of the census the strongest motivators overall, they are
also strongest among those who reported they were least likely to respond. Among those who
reported they were “somewhat likely,” “not too likely,” or “not at all likely” to respond to the
census, 69 percent chose community-oriented uses as the most important reason to respond.
The second most frequent use was fulfilling their civic duty (20 percent). In contrast, 58 percent
of respondents who reported a high likelihood of responding to the census found a communityoriented use the most motivating, and 28 percent found civic duty the most motivating. Figure
45 shows the distribution of forced-choice motivation responses by reported likelihood to fill
out the census form.
Figure 45
Community-oriented motivators are most important to those unlikely to fill out
a census form.
How likely would you be to fill out the census form?
100%
1%
2%
10%
1%
2%
11%
2%
2%
7%
80%
25%
It shows that I am proud of my cultural
heritage
20%
28%
It is used to enforce civil rights laws
60%
40%
62%
69%
58%
It determines how many elected
representatives my state has in
Congress
It is my civic duty (along with voting,
jury duty, paying taxes)
20%
Community-oriented motivator
0%
Population
average
Extremely/ Very Somewhat/ Not
likely
too/ Not at all
likely
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
When asked to rate the importance of each use of the census independently,
respondents rated funding for public safety services and roads and highways as
the most important.
As shown in Figure 46, when asked how important each motivator was separately, over 90
percent of householders rated public safety services – such as hospitals, fire departments, and
police departments – and roads and highways as “extremely important” or “very important.”
Only six percentage points separated any key demographic characteristics, indicating that these
four public services are seen as uniformly important among all householders.
Job training, public transportation, and daycare for children were among the least important
public services, rated “extremely important” or “very important” by 61 percent, 57 percent, and
51 percent, respectively. Figure 46 shows the topline distribution for each public service.
Figure 46
Fire department, police department, hospitals, and roads and highways are the
most important public services.
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally?
100%
80%
1%
1%
4%
1%
1%
5%
23%
1%
1%
6%
1%
7%
26%
27%
35%
4%
3%
8%
9%
9%
8%
11%
22%
22%
21%
10%
23%
60%
18%
94%
40%
71%
93%
67%
92%
92%
57%
65%
85%
31%
63%
27%
61%
24%
57%
51%
20%
30%
30%
27%
0%
Hospitals
Fire
Departments
Extremely Important
Roads and
Highways
Very Important
Police
Schools and Job Training
Public
Departments the Education Programs Transportation
System
Somewhat Important
Not too Important
Daycare
Not at all Important
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
After public safety services and roads and highways, enforcing civil rights laws was rated the
next most important motivator in the isolated questions with 86 percent of respondents
indicating that it was “extremely important” or “very important.” At the same time, only two
percent of respondents chose it as the most important reason to complete the census form in
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
the forced-choice version of the question. Of the demographic characteristics examined, sexual
minorities were most likely to choose enforcing civil rights law as the most important motivator
in the force-choice version of the motivator question (5 percent), which is three percentage
points more than straights (see Figure 47). This gap could indicate enforcing civil rights laws is
an issue that resonated with the public in general, but it may not be among the topmost
motivators to complete the census form or respondents may not associate the enforcement of
civil rights law with the census.
Figure 47
Sexual minorities are most likely to choose civil rights enforcement as a
motivator.
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally,
that you should fill out the census form?
(community-oriented responses combined)
100%
1%
2%
9%
2%
5%
1%
2%
9%
13%
80%
26%
25%
21%
60%
40%
62%
62%
59%
Population average
(n=17,283)
Straight (n=16,016)
Sexual Minority (n=579)
20%
0%
Community-oriented
Civic duty
Enforce civil rights laws
Cultural heritage
Determine number of reps
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Figure 48 shows the topline results for motivators asked in isolation. Appendix A includes the
distributions of responses by each group for each motivator questions asked in isolation.
Figure 48
Beyond public services, enforcing civil rights laws was considered the second
most important motivator, but not a topmost reason to fill out the census.
How important, if at all, is each of these uses to you personally?
1%
2%
2%
2%
1%
2%
11%
15%
16%
2%
3%
3%
5%
20%
7%
12%
20%
33%
25%
38%
38%
41%
86%
27%
81%
81%
35%
75%
72%
56%
53%
43%
43%
Enforce civil rights Fulfilling your civic Contributing to a
laws
duty
better future for
my community
Extremely important
Very important
34%
37%
Providing local
government
information
Determining
number of reps
Somewhat important
Not too important
29%
Showing pride in
your cultural
heritage
Not at all important
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample
Notes: (1) Unweighted sample sizes are in parentheses.
(2) Appendix A reports the standard errors for all point estimates.
(3) All estimates reported in the bar were rounded to whole numbers so that the sum of estimates equals 100%.
Conclusions
The U.S. Census Bureau’s Communications Research and Analytics Team and Team Y&R
conducted the 2020 CBAMS Survey to provide an evidentiary foundation for the 2020 Census
Integrated Partnership and Communications program. The findings and insights described in
this report serve as key building blocks for the 2020 IPC’s communications campaign to
motivate self-response in the decennial census.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Reponses to the 2020 CBAMS Survey revealed that fewer than seven in 10 householders plan to
participate in the 2020 Census. This rate is cause for concern because the decennial census is
designed to count every person in the United States, and actual response rates are often lower
than intended response rates. This highlights the importance of understanding key census
attitudes, barriers, and motivators as a way to avert low rates of self-response to the 2020
Census.
The 2020 CBAMS Survey also revealed that the public has low levels of familiarity with and
knowledge about the census. What people knew about the census was largely limited to the
fact that it is used to determine changes in the U.S. population and that it has bearing on the
number of congressional representatives each state will have. People incorrectly believed, or
were uncertain, that the census is used to keep track of people who are in the country without
documentation or those who have committed a crime.
The largest barriers to participation in the 2020 Census were concerns about data
confidentiality, concerns about repercussions from participating, pessimism about the efficacy
of participating, and distrust in all levels of government. More people believed that responding
to the 2020 Census would bring benefits to their community than believed it would benefit
them personally. This focus on community benefits over personal benefits was also evident in
people’s reported motivations to participate in the census. A plurality of householders felt that
“funding for public services,” such as fire and police departments, hospitals, and roads and
highways, was the most important reason to participate in the census.
Although community funding emerged as the top reason people said they would participate in
the census, less than half of respondents knew that the census was used to determine
community funding. This underscores the importance of the IPC’s campaign to increase
awareness and understanding of the benefits communities can receive from an accurate
enumeration in the 2020 Census.
Creative strategists and multicultural partners constructing the IPC’s communication campaign
will use the data on intention to respond and the other attitudes and barriers described in this
report to make informed decisions about a variety of aspects of the communications campaign.
The overarching focus of the campaign will be to promote self-response through paid, earned,
owned, and social communications. This will require people understand the purpose of the
census and its value to their community, as well as the process for participation. This does not
mean simply educating people, but also making sure to reframe census participation as easy,
important, and desirable. It is vital that the campaign helps people understand the very specific
ways that the census benefits their community and reassures them that participation is safe.
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Acknowledgements
Contributions from Team Y&R were performed under the Integrated Communications Contract
YA1323-16-CQ-0003/Order 7 for the 2020 Census awarded to Young & Rubicam. Any views
expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau or
Young & Rubicam.
The results published in this paper have undergone disclosure avoidance review and were
released with approval CBDRB-FY18-422 (approved August 13, 2018).
The census staff listed below assisted with the overall management of the contract.
Project Management Office
Kendall Johnson
Lizannette Velez
Michelle Green
James Cole
Sherrie Thomas
Wendy Button
Puja Ohri
Decennial Statistical Studies Division
Sarah Konya
Julia Coombs
Danny Chang
Kelly Mathews
Michael Bentley
Decennial Communications and Coordination Office
Maria Malagon
Kaile Bower
Center for Behavioral Science Methods
Anna Sandoval Girón
Rodney Terry
Mikelyn Meyers
Communications Directorate
Monica Vines
National Processing Center
Leticia Anderson
Jenny Bowers
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Patricia Allgeir
Jennifer Simpson
Ray Greene
Kenneth Seis
Dianne Dierking
Jeannine Magers
Cheryl Aiken
Dawn Mumford
Applications Development and Services Division
Phil Kanzleiter
Nick Van Meter
Jeff Buchoff
Sarah Dietz
The Team Y&R agencies listed below assisted with various phases of the 2020 CBAMS survey,
this report, and contract management.
PSB
VMLY&R
Reingold
Carol H Williams
Culture ONE World
G+G
The Kālaimoku Group
TDW+Co.
VMLY&R San Juan
69
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
References
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American National Election Studies. (2017.) ANES 2016 Time Series Study. University of
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Political and Social Research.
Baldassare, Mark, Dean Bonner, Alyssa Dykman, Lunna Lopes. (2018). Immigrants and Political
Engagement. Retrieved from Public Policy Institute of California website:
http://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/jtf-immigrants-political-engagement.pdf
Datta, A. R., Yan, T., Evans, D., Pedlow, S., Spencer, B. D., & Bautista, R. (2012). 2010 Census
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2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes and Motivators Survey (English online survey). Retrieved
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census_knowledgeand.html
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Letourneau, E. (2012). Mail response/return rates assessment. Final report (2010 Census
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.pdf
Li, N., Qardaji, W. H., & Su, D. (2011). Provably private data anonymization: Or, k-anonymity
meets differential privacy. Arxiv preprint.
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Lykke, L., García Trejo A., Y. (2018). Usability and Accessibility Evaluation of the 2020 Census
Barriers, Attitudes and Motivators Survey (Spanish online survey). Research and
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Suitland, MD: U.S. Census Bureau.
United States Census Bureau. (2009). Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey analytic
report. C2PO (2010 Census Integrated Communications Research Memoranda Series No.
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United States Census Bureau. (reissued July 2013). Statistical Quality Standards. Suitland, MD:
Author. Website: https://www.census.gov/about/policies/quality/standards.html
Wroblewski, M. (2012). 2010 Census Integrated Communications Program Rapid Response
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Appendices
Appendix A: Supplemental Tables of Weighted Topline and Weighted
Group-Level Estimates
Table A.1: Distribution of Demographic Characteristics
Distribution of Demographic Characteristics
Sex
Percentage
49.60%
Male
(0.443)
50.40%
Female
(0.443)
Race/Hispanic Origin
Percentage
12.92%
Hispanic of any race or no race
(0.280)
67.93%
(0.374)
12.04%
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
(0.271)
3.78%
(0.138)
3.33%
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
(0.148)
Age
Percentage
18.25%
18-34
(0.389)
17.09%
35-44
(0.368)
39.28%
45-64
(0.426)
25.37%
65+
(0.345)
Education
Percentage
10.44%
(0.305)
24.19%
(0.402)
31.08%
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
(0.413)
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Distribution of Demographic Characteristics
34.28%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.386)
Birthplace
Percentage
85.71%
(0.294)
14.29%
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
(0.294)
English Proficiency
Percentage
92.91%
English proficient
(0.225)
7.09%
Not English proficient
(0.225)
Internet Proficiency
Percentage
86.85%
Internet proficient
(0.292)
13.15%
Not internet proficient
(0.292)
Homeowners v. Renters
Percentage
63.67%
Homeowners
(0.445)
36.33%
Renters
(0.445)
Children in Household
Percentage
13.30%
(0.32)
86.69%
(0.32)
Household with children under
6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Percentage
92.11%
(0.252)
3.70%
(0.177)
4.19%
(0.187)
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Table A.2 Differences in Intent to Respond by Group
If the census were held today, how likely would you be to fill out the census form?
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
29.71%
(0.393)
37.51%
(0.426)
25.30%
(0.399)
5.09%
(0.218)
2.39%
(0.150)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
30.51%
(0.596)
28.93%
(0.516)
37.87%
(0.643)
37.15%
(0.561)
23.86%
(0.592)
26.73%
(0.535)
5.17%
(0.330)
5.01%
(0.285)
2.60%
(0.238)
2.18%
(0.183)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
22.90%
(0.989)
32.63%
(0.495)
24.81%
(1.117)
17.06%
(1.309)
28.62%
(1.934)
41.80%
(1.211)
36.61%
(0.517)
39.29%
(1.282)
37.56%
(1.816)
32.81%
(2.103)
27.34%
(1.109)
23.89%
(0.480)
27.82%
(1.238)
33.55%
(1.817)
27.90%
(2.087)
5.88%
(0.621)
4.73%
(0.261)
4.93%
(0.647)
8.52%
(1.132)
5.89%
(1.178)
2.08%
(0.362)
2.14%
(0.177)
3.16%
(0.516)
3.31%
(0.665)
4.77%
(1.062)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
22.09%
(0.985)
27.46%
(1.050)
32.20%
(0.620)
32.86%
(0.679)
31.90%
(1.121)
35.33%
(1.149)
39.22%
(0.656)
40.36%
(0.722)
32.70%
(1.152)
29.72%
(1.128)
23.18%
(0.580)
20.30%
(0.602)
9.68%
(0.758)
5.92%
(0.613)
3.33%
(0.255)
3.93%
(0.318)
3.62%
(0.487)
1.58%
(0.301)
2.07%
(0.221)
2.54%
(0.257)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
13.27%
(1.056)
21.64%
(0.809)
36.32%
(1.510)
38.34%
(0.944)
34.45%
(1.519)
29.86%
(0.901)
10.34%
(1.035)
6.62%
(0.524)
5.61%
(0.732)
3.54%
(0.397)
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2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
If the census were held today, how likely would you be to fill out the census form?
29.13%
37.92%
26.56%
4.56%
1.84%
Some college or associate
degree
(0.717)
(0.771)
(0.736)
(0.365)
(0.222)
40.95%
36.91%
18.17%
2.88%
1.09%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.642)
(0.634)
(0.514)
(0.226)
(0.142)
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
31.41%
(0.435)
19.51%
(0.854)
36.54%
(0.460)
43.34%
(1.124)
24.87%
(0.432)
27.94%
(1.028)
4.90%
(0.234)
6.19%
(0.583)
2.28%
(0.162)
3.02%
(0.394)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
30.97%
(0.414)
13.26%
(1.062)
37.19%
(0.441)
41.74%
(1.640)
24.78%
(0.411)
32.12%
(1.593)
4.77%
(0.219)
9.19%
(1.080)
2.29%
(0.155)
3.69%
(0.583)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
31.61%
(0.431)
17.14%
(0.895)
37.57%
(0.459)
37.12%
(1.141)
24.50%
(0.427)
30.61%
(1.111)
4.53%
(0.224)
8.76%
(0.737)
1.79%
(0.143)
6.37%
(0.627)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
32.42%
(0.468)
24.98%
(0.703)
38.66%
(0.494)
35.50%
(0.789)
23.23%
(0.444)
28.94%
(0.770)
3.98%
(0.222)
7.02%
(0.453)
1.72%
(0.144)
3.57%
(0.325)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
24.54%
(1.111)
30.51%
(0.420)
35.49%
(1.246)
37.82%
(0.453)
30.94%
(1.253)
24.44%
(0.417)
6.59%
(0.723)
4.85%
(0.225)
2.45%
(0.442)
2.38%
(0.159)
Extremely likely
Very likely
Somewhat
likely
Not too
likely
Not at all
likely
29.49%
(0.406)
44.22%
(2.417)
38.19%
(0.444)
27.99%
(2.170)
24.98%
(0.412)
23.16%
(2.115)
5.09%
(0.226)
3.39%
(1.033)
2.25%
(0.150)
1.23%
(0.676)
75
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
If the census were held today, how likely would you be to fill out the census form?
Don’t know/
21.73%
30.97%
34.28%
6.47%
6.56%
Something else
(1.815)
(2.067)
(2.219)
(1.201)
(1.204)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.3 Differences in Mode Preferences by Group
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or
no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic smallsample races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Which of the following comes closest to your view?
No preference between
Prefer paper forms
Prefer online forms
online forms or paper
to online forms
to paper forms
forms
32.19%
39.73%
28.08%
(0.401)
(0.430)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
29.25%
44.52%
(0.401)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
26.23%
(0.597)
35.08%
(0.661)
35.01%
(0.593)
29.90%
(0.546)
(0.559)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
32.71%
37.36%
(0.541)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
29.92%
(1.102)
30.58%
(1.200)
41.10%
(1.138)
28.32%
(0.485)
44.13%
(0.533)
29.39%
(0.490)
26.48%
(1.311)
19.89%
(1.229)
59.28%
(1.166)
20.83%
(1.440)
33.69%
(1.862)
36.22%
(1.633)
30.09%
(2.136)
(2.155)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
13.29%
56.47%
(2.076)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
30.24%
(0.851)
17.45%
(1.211)
54.31%
(1.127)
28.24%
(0.957)
32.00%
(1.207)
38.82%
(1.097)
29.17%
(0.634)
55.99%
(0.647)
19.27%
(0.609)
24.74%
76
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates,
no college
Some college or
associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United
States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
(0.725)
(0.559)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
57.74%
16.72%
(0.634)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
25.54%
(1.593)
46.54%
(1.257)
24.42%
(1.427)
29.04%
(0.968)
28.53%
(0.890)
41.72%
(0.912)
29.76%
(0.683)
17.60%
(0.809)
55.73%
(0.726)
26.67%
(0.475)
(0.646)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
32.32%
39.14%
(0.577)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
28.54%
(0.437)
31.41%
(0.469)
43.26%
(0.437)
25.33%
(1.032)
(1.114)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
31.63%
40.17%
(1.015)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
28.20%
(0.415)
39.47%
(0.448)
33.96%
(0.416)
26.57%
(1.607)
(1.592)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
24.92%
45.23%
(1.532)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
29.86%
(0.400)
80.21%
(0.472)
3.40%
(0.438)
16.39%
(1.006)
(0.461)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
32.09%
39.96%
(0.939)
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
27.95%
(0.462)
32.36%
(0.499)
39.32%
(0.461)
28.32%
(0.763)
(0.812)
(0.753)
77
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
Household with children
under 6 years old
19.06%
50.33%
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
30.62%
(1.037)
(1.322)
(1.227)
Household without
children under 6 years
old
34.20%
(0.433)
38.10%
(0.453)
27.70%
(0.423)
Prefer paper forms
to online forms
Prefer online forms
to paper forms
No preference between
online forms or paper
forms
32.47%
39.57%
27.95%
(0.418)
(0.446)
(0.415)
22.25%
49.55%
28.20%
(2.027)
(2.447)
(2.211)
34.74%
34.42%
30.85%
(2.144)
(2.196)
(2.130)
Children in Household
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.4 Differences in Time to Complete the Census Form by Group
Based on your past experience or just your best guess, how long do you think it would take you
personally to fill out the 2020 Census? (Binned)
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.43%
(0.239)
21.95%
(0.372)
43.96%
(0.440)
18.86%
(0.343)
3.42%
(0.158)
4.38%
(0.158)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.02%
(0.353)
7.84%
(0.323)
20.72%
(0.547)
23.16%
(0.504)
44.35%
(0.664)
43.58%
(0.579)
19.56%
(0.525)
18.16%
(0.444)
3.62%
(0.243)
3.23%
(0.202)
4.72%
(0.275)
4.04%
(0.229)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
6.43%
(0.627)
7.63%
(0.291)
7.04%
(0.760)
19.88%
(0.990)
22.68%
(0.459)
21.04%
(1.103)
43.67%
(1.214)
44.69%
(0.538)
40.73%
(1.308)
21.52%
(1.018)
18.00%
(0.410)
20.77%
(1.047)
3.63%
(0.431)
2.93%
(0.179)
5.62%
(0.621)
4.86%
(0.507)
4.07%
(0.215)
4.80%
(0.526)
78
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Based on your past experience or just your best guess, how long do you think it would take you
personally to fill out the 2020 Census? (Binned)
7.83%
20.02%
41.51%
20.94%
4.22%
5.49%
Non-Hispanic Asian
(1.013)
(1.449)
(1.850)
(1.631)
(0.731)
(0.845)
8.29%
20.57%
44.71%
16.75%
3.83%
5.86%
Non-Hispanic small-sample races
(1.252)
(1.252)
(1.850)
(2.244)
(1.625)
(1.068)
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
9.79%
(0.720)
11.34%
(0.752)
7.04%
(0.341)
3.71%
(0.276)
25.36%
(1.061)
25.53%
(1.046)
22.32%
(0.560)
16.52%
(0.550)
42.83%
(1.202)
41.07%
(1.189)
45.02%
(0.671)
45.07%
(0.732)
14.79%
(0.872)
16.18%
(0.907)
18.13%
(0.516)
24.71%
(0.641)
3.15%
(0.421)
2.45%
(0.372)
3.49%
(0.247)
4.18%
(0.295)
4.08%
(0.491)
3.43%
(0.454)
4.00%
(0.257)
5.81%
(0.345)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
4.39%
(0.703)
5.79%
(0.474)
8.44%
(0.478)
8.61%
(0.373)
16.39%
(1.221)
20.04%
(0.807)
23.23%
(0.693)
23.84%
(0.562)
40.21%
(1.555)
45.91%
(0.978)
43.73%
(0.797)
43.93%
(0.651)
26.89%
(1.411)
19.69%
(0.765)
17.18%
(0.579)
17.35%
(0.493)
4.88%
(0.641)
3.62%
(0.357)
3.01%
(0.262)
3.22%
(0.233)
7.24%
(0.752)
4.96%
(0.414)
4.41%
(0.325)
3.06%
(0.217)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.54%
(0.261)
6.78%
(0.593)
22.45%
(0.408)
18.97%
(0.877)
44.31%
(0.479)
41.83%
(1.114)
18.12%
(0.365)
23.32%
(0.975)
3.33%
(0.168)
4.00%
(0.458)
4.25%
(0.193)
5.11%
(0.471)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.58%
(0.250)
5.54%
(0.806)
22.44%
(0.389)
15.52%
(1.228)
44.09%
(0.457)
42.20%
(1.655)
18.39%
(0.352)
25.05%
(1.446)
3.32%
(0.161)
4.77%
(0.715)
4.18%
(0.182)
6.92%
(0.808)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.89%
22.94%
44.50%
17.76%
3.12%
3.79%
79
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Based on your past experience or just your best guess, how long do you think it would take you
personally to fill out the 2020 Census? (Binned)
(0.265)
(0.405)
(0.474)
(0.361)
(0.163)
(0.181)
4.43%
15.44%
40.36%
26.12%
5.44%
8.21%
Not internet proficient
(0.493)
(0.898)
(1.176)
(1.050)
(0.533)
(0.638)
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children under 6
years old
Household without children under
6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.38%
(0.277)
7.53%
(0.445)
21.44%
(0.420)
22.85%
(0.710)
44.87%
(0.508)
42.36%
(0.822)
18.67%
(0.389)
19.19%
(0.653)
3.33%
(0.180)
3.60%
(0.300)
4.31%
(0.206)
4.48%
(0.334)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
11.24%
(0.846)
6.85%
(0.243)
25.15%
(1.161)
21.46%
(0.390)
41.40%
(1.301)
44.35%
(0.467)
16.73%
(0.983)
19.19%
(0.366)
2.26%
(0.384)
3.60%
(0.172)
3.22%
(0.475)
4.55%
(0.193)
0-7
minutes
8-12
minutes
13-20
minutes
21-30
minutes
31-59
minutes
60+
minutes
7.28%
(0.245)
7.17%
(1.214)
11.08%
(1.516)
21.88%
(0.385)
26.40%
(2.218)
19.62%
(1.807)
44.40%
(0.457)
43.47%
(2.424)
34.62%
(2.143)
18.77%
(0.354)
17.72%
(1.847)
21.74%
(1.933)
3.42%
(0.163)
1.76%
(0.667)
4.93%
(1.012)
4.25%
(0.183)
3.48%
(0.787)
8.01%
(1.220)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.5 Differences in Familiarity by Group
How familiar are you with the U.S. census?
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
9.10%
23.83%
45.59%
13.55%
7.93%
(0.244)
(0.367)
(0.442)
(0.318)
(0.259)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
8.96%
24.93%
45.37%
13.05%
7.69%
(0.366)
(0.562)
(0.665)
(0.473)
(0.387)
9.24%
22.74%
45.81%
14.05%
8.16%
(0.324)
(0.474)
(0.583)
(0.427)
(0.344)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
8.55%
21.81%
38.91%
18.23%
12.50%
80
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How familiar are you with the U.S. census?
(0.649)
(0.987)
(1.196)
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
(0.976)
(0.846)
8.55%
24.52%
48.01%
12.40%
6.53%
(0.288)
14.21%
(0.897)
(0.453)
23.71%
(1.077)
(0.541)
41.64%
(1.315)
(0.377)
12.20%
(0.936)
(0.295)
8.24%
(0.811)
3.89%
17.81%
39.77%
22.04%
16.49%
(0.644)
10.05%
(1.203)
(1.464)
24.76%
(1.947)
(1.812)
43.15%
(2.229)
(1.587)
14.16%
(1.698)
(1.509)
7.88%
(1.220)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
6.08%
16.16%
44.66%
19.36%
13.73%
(0.554)
(0.863)
(1.209)
(0.983)
(0.863)
8.81%
22.00%
44.13%
15.91%
9.15%
(0.682)
(0.981)
(1.199)
(0.904)
(0.722)
10.51%
26.65%
46.52%
10.65%
5.67%
(0.397)
(0.592)
(0.672)
(0.429)
(0.327)
9.30%
26.19%
45.82%
12.28%
6.42%
(0.415)
(0.636)
(0.734)
(0.496)
(0.384)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
6.02%
(0.732)
6.74%
(0.482)
9.52%
(0.458)
11.33%
(0.407)
15.86%
(1.128)
19.73%
(0.762)
23.32%
(0.664)
29.61%
(0.600)
40.43%
(1.570)
46.81%
(0.977)
47.25%
(0.803)
44.80%
(0.653)
22.31%
(1.316)
16.51%
(0.758)
12.94%
(0.559)
9.35%
(0.383)
15.38%
(1.152)
10.21%
(0.635)
6.98%
(0.432)
4.91%
(0.288)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
9.76%
24.56%
46.90%
12.20%
6.58%
(0.273)
5.15%
(0.473)
(0.402)
19.39%
(0.882)
(0.481)
37.77%
(1.091)
(0.333)
21.68%
(0.965)
(0.266)
16.01%
(0.844)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
9.49%
24.54%
46.30%
12.56%
7.11%
(0.258)
(0.385)
(0.459)
(0.321)
(0.258)
81
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How familiar are you with the U.S. census?
4.10%
14.49%
36.31%
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
26.50%
18.60%
(0.643)
(1.120)
(1.608)
(1.508)
(1.325)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
9.52%
24.79%
45.84%
12.77%
7.09%
(0.266)
(0.401)
(0.476)
(0.337)
(0.266)
6.38%
17.47%
43.99%
18.69%
13.47%
(0.587)
(0.884)
(1.188)
(0.945)
(0.866)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
9.36%
25.67%
47.78%
11.59%
5.62%
(0.286)
(0.438)
(0.509)
(0.337)
(0.253)
8.66%
20.60%
41.76%
17.00%
11.98%
(0.446)
(0.654)
(0.823)
(0.643)
(0.552)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
Household with children under 6
years old
8.71%
18.81%
43.11%
18.64%
10.72%
(0.716)
(0.933)
(1.313)
(1.059)
(0.864)
Household without children under
6 years old
9.16%
(0.259)
24.59%
(0.395)
45.97%
(0.468)
12.77%
(0.329)
7.50%
(0.267)
Extremely
familiar
Very
familiar
Somewhat
familiar
Not too
familiar
Not at all
familiar
Straight
8.91%
(0.250)
23.87%
(0.381)
46.00%
(0.458)
13.61%
(0.333)
7.61%
(0.262)
Sexual Minority
11.89%
(1.464)
27.26%
(2.126)
41.94%
(2.430)
10.24%
(1.428)
8.67%
(1.594)
Don’t know/
Something else
10.94%
(1.419)
19.72%
(1.784)
39.89%
(2.241)
15.18%
(1.631)
14.27%
(1.672)
Sexual Orientation
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.6 Responses to 2020 CBAMS Survey Knowledge Questions
Is the census used to __________, or is it not used for this?
Knowledge Question
The census is used to determine what changes
have taken place in the size, location, and
characteristics of the people in the United
States. [True]
The Census Bureau is required by law to keep
information confidential. [True]
Answered
Correctly
Answered
Incorrectly
Answered
Don’t Know
80.31%
(0.367)
2.82%
(0.154)
16.88%
(0.348)
71.33%
(0.409)
6.24%
(0.211)
22.43%
(0.382)
82
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
The census is used to help the police and FBI
keep track of people who break the law.
[False]
The census is used to determine how many
representatives each state will have in
Congress. [True]
The census counts both citizens and noncitizens. [True]
The census is used to locate people living in
the country without documentation. [False]
The census is used to determine property
taxes. [False]
The census is used to determine how much
money communities will get from the
government. [True]
The U.S. Constitution requires the census be
conducted. [True]
The census is used to determine the rate of
unemployment. [False]
The law requires you to answer the census
questions. [True]
63.17%
(0.432)
5.95%
(0.215)
30.88%
(0.417)
56.49%
(0.440)
12.20%
(0.301)
31.31%
(0.418)
55.38%
(0.443)
53.04%
(0.441)
51.79%
(0.441)
15.84%
(0.333)
10.00%
(0.271)
9.92%
(0.274)
28.77%
(0.408)
36.96%
(0.432)
38.28%
(0.435)
45.07%
(0.439)
16.26%
(0.332)
38.66%
(0.435)
34.21%
(0.415)
29.31%
(0.398)
24.54%
(0.377)
21.54%
(0.366)
29.51%
(0.406)
44.84%
(0.440)
44.25%
(0.442
41.17%
(0.438)
30.62%
(0.416)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.7 Differences in Knowledge by Group
Is the census used to __________, or is it not used for this?
High knowledge
(8-11 correct
answers)
29.46%
(0.389)
Total Population
Sex
High knowledge
36.28%
(0.621)
22.74%
(0.469)
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
High knowledge
25.22%
(1.047)
33.04%
(0.495)
17.37%
(0.936)
83
Medium
knowledge
(4-7 correct
answers)
47.32%
(0.443)
Medium
knowledge
44.02%
(0.666)
50.57%
(0.586)
Medium
knowledge
48.45%
(1.226)
46.29%
(0.541)
50.78%
(1.333)
Low knowledge
(0-3 correct
answers)
23.22%
(0.388)
Low knowledge
19.70%
(0.567)
26.69%
(0.533)
Low knowledge
26.33%
(1.108)
20.67%
(0.458)
31.85%
(1.283)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Is the census used to __________, or is it not used for this?
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample races
Age
23.26%
(1.471)
23.50%
(1.799)
High knowledge
18.61%
(0.925)
26.42%
(1.035)
33.53%
(0.624)
33.00%
(0.677)
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
High knowledge
12.37%
(1.022)
19.65%
(0.777)
27.53%
(0.701)
43.33%
(0.649)
High knowledge
30.12%
(0.426)
25.49%
(0.946)
High knowledge
30.04%
(0.406)
21.80%
(1.355)
High knowledge
31.61%
(0.429)
15.26%
(0.828)
High knowledge
84
50.58%
(1.884)
47.82%
(2.248)
Medium
knowledge
52.20%
(1.217)
48.96%
(1.208)
45.88%
(0.671)
44.95%
(0.733)
Medium
knowledge
44.02%
(1.575)
47.83%
(0.981)
50.14%
(0.804)
45.41%
(0.654)
Medium
knowledge
46.82%
(0.481)
50.33%
(1.133)
Medium
knowledge
47.21%
(0.460)
48.74%
(1.674)
Medium
knowledge
47.93%
(0.477)
43.29%
(1.182)
Medium
knowledge
26.17%
(1.720)
28.68%
(2.160)
Low knowledge
29.19%
(1.131)
24.63%
(1.072)
20.59%
(0.563)
22.05%
(0.634)
Low knowledge
43.61%
(1.581)
32.52%
(0.921)
22.33%
(0.680)
11.25%
(0.424)
Low knowledge
23.06%
(0.422)
24.19%
(1.001)
Low knowledge
22.74%
(0.401)
29.46%
(1.566)
Low knowledge
20.46%
(0.404)
41.44%
(1.197)
Low knowledge
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Is the census used to __________, or is it not used for this?
Homeowners
Renters
34.16%
(0.475)
21.22%
(0.660)
Children in Household
High knowledge
Household with children under 6 years
old
Household without children under 6
years old
23.51%
(1.088)
30.37%
(0.417)
Sexual Orientation
High knowledge
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
29.76%
(0.406)
31.19%
(2.153)
21.33%
(1.767)
46.73%
(0.509)
48.37%
(0.832)
Medium
knowledge
51.26%
(1.325)
46.72%
(0.469)
Medium
knowledge
47.71%
(0.460)
44.10%
(2.425)
41.73%
(2.251)
19.12%
(0.415)
30.41%
(0.775)
Low knowledge
25.23%
(1.179)
22.91%
(0.411)
Low knowledge
22.54%
(0.398)
24.71%
(2.292)
36.94%
(2.261)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.8 Differences in Concerns that the Census Bureau will not keep Answers to the 2020
Census Confidential by Group
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will not keep answers to the 2020 Census
confidential?
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
13.10%
14.64%
25.02%
29.20%
18.04%
Total Population
(0.295)
(0.310)
(0.385)
(0.404)
(0.344)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sex
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
13.40%
14.92%
24.08%
28.97%
18.62%
Male
(0.448)
(0.468)
(0.572)
(0.608)
(0.526)
12.81%
14.36%
25.94%
29.42%
17.46%
Female
(0.384)
(0.408)
(0.516)
(0.534)
(0.445)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Race/Hispanic Origin
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Hispanic of any race or no
16.91%
17.54%
26.35%
23.39%
15.82%
race
(0.925)
(0.936)
(1.086)
(1.022)
(0.903)
11.05%
12.60%
24.19%
32.58%
19.58%
Non-Hispanic White
(0.335)
(0.355)
(0.464)
(0.510)
(0.431)
Non-Hispanic Black or
18.09%
19.92%
26.91%
20.68%
14.40%
African American
(1.003)
(1.054)
(1.199)
(1.061)
(0.968)
18.59%
22.79%
31.39%
18.24%
8.98%
Non-Hispanic Asian
(1.424)
(1.594)
(1.758)
(1.431)
(1.139)
85
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will not keep answers to the 2020 Census
confidential?
Non-Hispanic small-sample
15.97%
16.64%
22.76%
25.95%
18.67%
races
(1.623)
(1.650)
(1.882)
(2.035)
(1.728)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Age
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
9.53%
9.68%
24.70%
34.19%
21.90%
18-34
(0.720)
(0.723)
(1.052)
(1.146)
(1.013)
11.85%
12.59%
23.61%
32.52%
19.43%
35-44
(0.803)
(0.826)
(1.038)
(1.124)
(0.928)
13.58%
14.93%
26.26%
28.61%
16.62%
45-64
(0.457)
(0.482)
(0.593)
(0.608)
(0.503)
15.78%
19.15%
24.28%
24.27%
16.52%
65+
(0.534)
(0.586)
(0.632)
(0.627)
(0.549)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Education
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Less than a high school
14.99%
22.79%
27.99%
19.75%
14.48%
diploma
(1.122)
(1.317)
(1.433)
(1.289)
(1.111)
High school graduates, no
14.57%
17.22%
25.70%
26.51%
15.99%
college
(0.678)
(0.711)
(0.856)
(0.879)
(0.745)
Some college or associate
14.02%
13.49%
24.91%
29.16%
18.42%
degree
(0.542)
(0.531)
(0.693)
(0.741)
(0.634)
10.67%
11.39%
23.74%
34.00%
20.21%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.389)
(0.408)
(0.558)
(0.626)
(0.532)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Birthplace
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.56%
13.60%
24.73%
30.36%
18.74%
Born in the United States
(0.314)
(0.326)
(0.417)
(0.444)
(0.379)
Born outside the United
16.36%
20.89%
26.77%
22.19%
13.79%
States
(0.834)
(0.929)
(1.002)
(0.938)
(0.782)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
English Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.92%
13.79%
24.85%
29.99%
18.45%
English proficient
(0.305)
(0.313)
(0.398)
(0.422)
(0.360)
15.47%
25.79%
27.29%
18.83%
12.63%
Not English proficient
(1.150)
(1.472)
(1.519)
(1.314)
(1.106)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Internet Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.55%
13.41%
25.04%
30.71%
18.29%
Internet proficient
(0.310)
(0.322)
(0.414)
(0.441)
(0.372)
16.76%
22.77%
24.91%
19.19%
16.37%
Not internet proficient
(0.903)
(0.994)
(1.041)
(0.942)
(0.896)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Homeowners v. Renters
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.37%
14.30%
25.07%
30.57%
17.69%
Homeowners
(0.326)
(0.351)
(0.445)
(0.472)
(0.392)
86
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will not keep answers to the 2020 Census
confidential?
14.39%
15.24%
24.94%
26.79%
18.64%
Renters
(0.577)
(0.591)
(0.719)
(0.744)
(0.651)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Children in Household
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Household with children
12.06%
13.12%
24.00%
31.92%
18.89%
under 6 years old
(0.871)
(0.894)
(1.131)
(1.229)
(1.043)
Household without children
13.26%
14.87%
25.18%
28.78%
17.90%
under 6 years old
(0.313)
(0.330)
(0.409)
(0.427)
(0.363)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sexual Orientation
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.96%
14.50%
24.94%
29.64%
17.96%
Straight
(0.305)
(0.320)
(0.399)
(0.421)
(0.355)
13.48%
13.85%
22.97%
26.86%
22.84%
Sexual Minority
(1.614)
(1.723)
(2.119)
(2.116)
(2.075)
Don’t know/
15.95%
18.50%
28.65%
21.52%
15.37%
Something else
(1.599)
(1.735)
(2.059)
(1.946)
(1.711)
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data
Table A.9 Differences in Concerns that the Census Bureau will share Answers to the 2020
Census with other Government Agencies by Group
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will share answers to the 2020 Census with
other government agencies?
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
10.48%
13.37%
25.05%
32.05%
19.04%
Total Population
(0.269)
(0.300)
(0.385)
(0.414)
(0.350)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sex
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
10.85%
13.83%
23.53%
31.64%
20.16%
Male
(0.412)
(0.458)
(0.567)
(0.623)
(0.537)
10.12%
12.92%
26.56%
32.46%
17.95%
Female
(0.347)
(0.389)
(0.520)
(0.548)
(0.449)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Race/Hispanic Origin
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Hispanic of any race or no
14.63%
17.20%
26.49%
24.59%
17.09%
race
(0.874)
(0.941)
(1.087)
(1.044)
(0.915)
8.25%
11.34%
24.49%
35.41%
20.52%
Non-Hispanic White
(0.295)
(0.341)
(0.466)
(0.519)
(0.438)
Non-Hispanic Black or
16.25%
17.77%
26.22%
24.96%
14.80%
African American
(0.976)
(0.999)
(1.180)
(1.148)
(0.970)
15.55%
19.76%
31.64%
21.75%
11.30%
Non-Hispanic Asian
(1.346)
(1.496)
(1.767)
(1.529)
(1.230)
Non-Hispanic small-sample
13.40%
16.71%
19.34%
29.92%
20.63%
races
(1.522)
(1.681)
(1.725)
(2.116)
(1.798)
87
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will share answers to the 2020 Census with
other government agencies?
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Age
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
8.42%
10.21%
24.41%
35.63%
21.33%
18-34
(0.687)
(0.728)
(1.051)
(1.051)
(1.158)
9.83%
10.78%
23.92%
34.32%
21.15%
35-44
(0.723)
(0.772)
(1.046)
(1.144)
(0.960)
10.61%
13.92%
24.47%
32.81%
18.19%
45-64
(0.413)
(0.472)
(0.579)
(0.631)
(0.519)
12.21%
16.52%
27.18%
26.78%
17.31%
65+
(0.484)
(0.558)
(0.655)
(0.647)
(0.555)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Education
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Less than a high school
14.89%
19.84%
27.48%
23.10%
14.69%
diploma
(1.141)
(1.251)
(1.406)
(1.372)
(1.111)
High school graduates, no
11.68%
16.35%
26.91%
27.87%
17.20%
college
(0.610)
(0.702)
(0.868)
(0.893)
(0.758)
Some college or associate
10.86%
12.63%
25.43%
31.60%
19.48%
degree
(0.484)
(0.516)
(0.696)
(0.755)
(0.648)
7.95%
9.96%
22.66%
38.14%
21.28%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.340)
(0.389)
(0.549)
(0.640)
(0.540)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Birthplace
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
9.93%
12.48%
24.79%
33.28%
19.51%
Born in the United States
(0.284)
(0.316)
(0.417)
(0.454)
(0.384)
Born outside the United
13.77%
18.68%
26.63%
24.70%
16.22%
States
(0.790)
(0.893)
(0.997)
(0.976
(0.824)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
English Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
10.22%
12.62%
24.84%
32.96%
19.36%
English proficient
(0.276)
(0.303)
(0.397)
(0.433
(0.366)
13.90%
23.10%
27.90%
20.14%
14.96%
Not English proficient
(1.132)
(1.423)
(1.522)
(1.349
(1.159)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Internet Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
9.92%
12.30%
24.85%
33.53%
19.40%
Internet proficient
(0.282)
(0.311)
(0.414)
(0.450
(0.379)
14.21%
20.39%
26.39%
22.30%
16.70%
Not internet proficient
(0.834)
(0.972)
(1.050)
(1.011
(0.888)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Homeowners v. Renters
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
9.58%
13.16%
24.51%
34.00%
18.75%
Homeowners
(0.292)
(0.343)
(0.438)
(0.485
(0.400)
12.06%
13.74%
26.00%
28.64%
19.56%
Renters
(0.535)
(0.565)
(0.730)
(0.760
(0.659)
88
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will share answers to the 2020 Census with
other government agencies?
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Children in Household
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Household with children
10.50%
12.26%
24.32%
33.41%
19.51%
under 6 years old
(0.831)
(0.855)
(1.142)
(1.246)
(1.047)
Household without children
10.48%
13.54%
25.17%
31.84%
18.97%
under 6 years old
(0.283)
(0.320)
(0.408)
(0.438)
(0.370)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sexual Orientation
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
10.24%
13.14%
25.04%
32.58%
19.00%
Straight
(0.277)
(0.308)
(0.398)
(0.431)
(0.362)
10.48%
12.57%
23.37%
29.15%
24.43%
Sexual Minority
(1.411)
(1.636)
(2.120)
(2.210)
(2.110)
Don’t know/
15.80%
19.14%
26.92%
22.94%
15.21%
Something else
(1.612)
(1.777)
(2.031)
(1.964)
(1.673)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.10 Differences in Fear of Repercussion by Group
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you provide to the 2020 Census will be used
against you?
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.71%
9.37%
16.88%
31.49%
29.55%
Total Population
(0.297)
(0.260)
(0.335)
(0.410)
(0.403)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sex
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
13.25%
9.24%
16.30%
31.19%
30.02%
Male
(0.456)
(0.388)
(0.496)
(0.617)
(0.612)
12.18%
9.50%
17.45%
31.79%
29.09%
Female
(0.382)
(0.347)
(0.452)
(0.542)
(0.528)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Race/Hispanic Origin
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Hispanic of any race or no
20.29%
12.31%
19.21%
23.33%
24.86%
race
(1.027)
(0.807)
(0.962)
(1.018)
(1.048)
9.31%
7.43%
15.46%
34.95%
32.85%
Non-Hispanic White
(0.313)
(0.288)
(0.398)
(0.516)
(0.507)
Non-Hispanic Black or
19.73%
14.63%
19.38%
24.51%
21.75%
African American
(1.073)
(0.960)
(1.053)
(1.127)
(1.098)
23.62%
17.12%
24.31%
22.32%
12.64%
Non-Hispanic Asian
(1.611)
(1.396)
(1.650)
(1.547)
(1.241)
Non-Hispanic small-sample
14.99%
9.69%
19.20%
28.41%
27.70%
races
(1.608)
(1.239)
(1.825)
(2.020)
(2.031)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Age
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.10%
9.00%
18.30%
31.97%
28.63%
18-34
(0.804)
(0.692)
(0.945)
(1.130)
(1.100)
89
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you provide to the 2020 Census will be used
against you?
12.51%
9.04%
16.78%
31.81%
29.87%
35-44
(0.810)
(0.722)
(0.912)
(1.120)
(1.094)
12.49%
9.20%
16.63%
32.08%
29.61%
45-64
(0.449)
(0.386)
(0.500)
(0.625)
(0.618)
13.65%
10.11%
16.30%
30.04%
29.90%
65+
(0.508)
(0.456)
(0.554)
(0.670)
(0.669)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Education
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Less than a high school
17.89%
14.14%
22.16%
21.68%
24.13%
diploma
(1.235)
(1.117)
(1.320)
(1.318)
(1.335)
High school graduates, no
13.88%
12.20%
17.93%
30.12%
25.85%
college
(0.673)
(0.622)
(0.753)
(0.904)
(0.867)
Some college or associate
13.37%
8.86%
17.52%
30.94%
29.31%
degree
(0.538)
(0.448)
(0.612)
(0.741)
(0.740)
9.72%
6.37%
13.93%
35.95%
34.02%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.378)
(0.311)
(0.447)
(0.634)
(0.623)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Birthplace
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
11.50%
8.59%
16.49%
32.57%
30.85%
Born in the United States
(0.309)
(0.272)
(0.361)
(0.449)
(0.444)
Born outside the United
20.02%
14.03%
19.17%
25.06%
21.72%
States
(0.922)
(0.792)
(0.899)
(0.970)
(0.925)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
English Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.05%
8.71%
16.52%
32.35%
30.37%
English proficient
(0.302)
(0.259)
(0.344)
(0.429)
(0.422)
21.38%
18.00%
21.52%
20.24%
18.86%
Not English proficient
(1.352)
(1.323)
(1.428)
(1.317)
(1.272)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Internet Proficiency
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.25%
8.61%
16.62%
32.66%
29.86%
Internet proficient
(0.315)
(0.268)
(0.360)
(0.446)
(0.436)
15.75%
14.38%
18.59%
23.76%
27.52%
Not internet proficient
(0.881)
(0.869)
(0.926)
(1.012)
(1.067)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Homeowners v. Renters
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
11.45%
8.65%
16.17%
33.57%
30.17%
Homeowners
(0.322
(0.286)
(0.381)
(0.481)
(0.466)
14.93%
10.63%
18.12%
27.85%
28.47%
Renters
(0.591)
(0.510)
(0.638)
(0.748)
(0.753)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Children in Household
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
Household with children
13.95%
9.61%
16.50%
32.41%
27.53%
under 6 years old
(0.938)
(0.772)
(0.983)
(1.244)
(1.171)
90
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you provide to the 2020 Census will be used
against you?
Household without children
12.52%
9.33%
16.93%
31.35%
29.86%
under 6 years old
(0.311)
(0.275)
(0.356)
(0.433)
(0.429)
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sexual Orientation
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
concerned
12.49%
9.17%
16.65%
32.08%
29.61%
Straight
(0.305)
(0.265)
(0.347)
(0.427)
(0.418)
10.79%
9.29%
17.87%
27.69%
34.37%
Sexual Minority
(1.487)
(1.519)
(1.805)
(2.232)
(2.309)
Don’t know/
19.43%
13.72%
20.92%
22.04%
23.89%
Something else
(1.847)
(1.598)
(1.828)
(1.825)
(2.003)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.11 Differences in Distrust in Federal Government by Group
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Just about
always
5.36%
(0.204)
Just about
always
5.72%
(0.316)
5.01%
(0.259)
Just about
always
12.32%
(0.819)
3.39%
(0.199)
7.76%
(0.754)
10.41%
(1.231)
4.27%
(0.913)
Just about
always
4.95%
(0.544)
6.38%
(0.586)
5.56%
(0.317)
4.67%
(0.311)
Most of the
time
35.57%
(0.424)
Most of the
time
35.87%
(0.637)
35.29%
(0.560)
Most of the
time
41.30%
(1.208)
34.06%
(0.513)
34.73%
(1.253)
48.65%
(1.884)
32.40%
(2.133)
Most of the
time
33.57%
(1.154)
34.07%
(1.143)
36.91%
(0.649)
35.97%
(0.703)
91
Only some of
the time
49.58%
(0.443)
Only some of
the time
48.33%
(0.667)
50.81%
(0.585)
Only some of
the time
38.90%
(1.192)
52.86%
(0.541)
46.91%
(1.330)
36.87%
(1.782)
48.07%
(2.245)
Only some of
the time
49.39%
(1.216)
49.95%
(1.208)
49.29%
(0.673)
49.91%
(0.736)
None of the
time
9.48%
(0.268)
None of the
time
10.08%
(0.415)
8.90%
(0.341)
None of the
time
7.47%
(0.656)
9.68%
(0.329)
10.61%
(0.842)
4.07%
(0.856)
15.26%
(1.724)
None of the
time
12.08%
(0.809)
9.60%
(0.726)
8.25%
(0.378)
9.46%
(0.441)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children under
6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Just about
always
11.88%
(1.004)
6.08%
(0.461)
4.43%
(0.326)
3.72%
(0.252)
Just about
always
3.92%
(0.191)
14.02%
(0.821)
Just about
always
4.64%
(0.198)
14.79%
(1.197)
Just about
always
4.89%
(0.210)
8.51%
(0.686)
Just about
always
4.21%
(0.204)
7.39%
(0.431)
Just about
always
7.44%
(0.679)
5.04%
(0.211)
Just about
always
5.28%
(0.211)
4.24%
(0.883)
Most of the
time
39.45%
(1.554)
35.99%
(0.943)
33.08%
(0.751)
36.36%
(0.627)
Most of the
time
33.64%
(0.454)
47.20%
(1.133)
Most of the
time
34.71%
(0.437)
46.95%
(1.671)
Most of the
time
35.63%
(0.456)
35.20%
(1.143)
Most of the
time
35.58%
(0.486)
35.57%
(0.796)
Most of the
time
36.03%
(1.263)
35.50%
(0.449)
Most of the
time
35.79%
(0.440)
32.76%
(2.316)
92
Only some of
the time
39.48%
(1.561)
47.35%
(0.979)
51.62%
(0.803)
52.38%
(0.655)
Only some of
the time
52.13%
(0.481)
34.30%
(1.057)
Only some of
the time
50.75%
(0.460)
34.30%
(1.602)
Only some of
the time
50.55%
(0.477)
43.15%
(1.189)
Only some of
the time
51.35%
(0.509)
46.47%
(0.831)
Only some of
the time
47.37%
(1.323)
49.92%
(0.469)
Only some of
the time
49.91%
(0.459)
50.52%
(2.448)
None of the
time
9.19%
(0.893)
10.59%
(0.614)
10.87%
(0.516)
7.54%
(0.361)
None of the
time
10.32%
(0.302)
4.47%
(0.474)
None of the
time
9.91%
(0.285)
3.96%
(0.595)
None of the
time
8.93%
(0.283)
13.13%
(0.808)
None of the
time
8.87%
(0.299)
10.57%
(0.520)
None of the
time
9.15%
(0.802)
9.54%
(0.284)
None of the
time
9.02%
(0.272)
12.48%
(1.674)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Don’t know/
Something else
8.21%
(1.217)
33.23%
(2.150)
41.50%
(2.262)
17.06%
(1.728)
Only some of
the time
46.38%
(0.442)
Only some of
the time
45.69%
(0.666)
47.05%
(0.584)
Only some of
the time
36.65%
(1.180)
48.64%
(0.541)
48.08%
(1.331)
32.87%
(1.717)
47.15%
(2.248)
Only some of
the time
44.97%
(1.211)
46.64%
(1.206)
46.01%
(0.672)
47.78%
(0.736)
Only some of
the time
38.12%
(1.550)
46.80%
(0.979)
49.16%
(0.804)
46.06%
(0.655)
None of the
time
8.14%
(0.247)
None of the
time
8.63%
(0.379)
7.66%
(0.316)
None of the
time
5.80%
(0.549)
8.48%
(0.304)
8.94%
(0.787)
4.24%
(0.856)
11.86%
(1.604)
None of the
time
8.43%
(0.684)
8.17%
(0.684)
8.06%
(0.371)
8.03%
(0.399)
None of the
time
8.92%
(0.898)
9.70%
(0.592)
9.02%
(0.449)
6.01%
(0.317)
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data
Table A.12 Differences in Distrust in State Government by Group
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Just about
always
5.10%
(0.198)
Just about
always
5.43%
(0.307)
4.77%
(0.250)
Just about
always
11.50%
(0.806)
3.27%
(0.193)
7.07%
(0.704)
10.39%
(1.250)
4.31%
(0.923)
Just about
always
5.17%
(0.548)
5.64%
(0.544)
5.41%
(0.311)
4.18%
(0.295)
Just about
always
11.00%
(0.988)
5.50%
(0.447)
4.06%
(0.304)
3.95%
(0.253)
Most of the
time
40.39%
(0.434)
Most of the
time
40.25%
(0.653)
40.52%
(0.574)
Most of the
time
46.05%
(1.223)
39.61%
(0.529)
35.92%
(1.270)
52.50%
(1.882)
36.68%
(2.145)
Most of the
time
41.43%
(1.197)
39.55%
(1.179)
40.51%
(0.659)
40.00%
(0.719)
Most of the
time
41.96%
(1.566)
38.00%
(0.949)
37.76%
(0.781)
43.98%
(0.650)
93
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children under
6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Just about
always
3.77%
(0.187)
13.04%
(0.786)
Just about
always
4.45%
(0.193)
13.55%
(1.139)
Just about
always
4.71%
(0.203)
7.66%
(0.677)
Just about
always
4.00%
(0.199)
7.02%
(0.417)
Just about
always
7.93%
(0.700)
4.66%
(0.201)
Just about
always
5.04%
(0.206)
4.88%
(0.979)
6.56%
(1.014)
Most of the
time
38.60%
(0.468)
51.12%
(1.132)
Most of the
time
39.54%
(0.448)
51.45%
(1.674)
Most of the
time
40.90%
(0.468)
36.98%
(1.154)
Most of the
time
40.34%
(0.499)
40.47%
(0.815)
Most of the
time
40.75%
(1.294)
40.33%
(0.460)
Most of the
time
40.51%
(0.450)
41.07%
(2.395)
36.99%
(2.226)
Only some of
the time
48.82%
(0.482)
31.74%
(1.034)
Only some of
the time
47.55%
(0.460)
30.95%
(1.540)
Only some of
the time
46.76%
(0.476)
43.84%
(1.190)
Only some of
the time
47.36%
(0.509)
44.66%
(0.829)
Only some of
the time
43.46%
(1.317)
46.82%
(0.469)
Only some of
the time
46.64%
(0.459)
45.78%
(2.447)
41.08%
(2.245)
None of the
time
8.81%
(0.277)
4.10%
(0.455)
None of the
time
8.45%
(0.261)
4.05%
(0.635)
None of the
time
7.63%
(0.259)
11.52%
(0.762)
None of the
time
8.30%
(0.290)
7.86%
(0.450)
None of the
time
7.86%
(0.741)
8.19%
(0.261)
None of the
time
7.81%
(0.250)
8.27%
(1.366)
15.37%
(1.693)
Only some of
the time
40.50%
(0.435)
Only some of
the time
None of the
time
6.44%
(0.224)
None of the
time
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data
Table A.13 Differences in Distrust in Local Government by Group
Total Population
Sex
Just about
always
6.21%
(0.218)
Just about
always
Most of the
time
46.84%
(0.442)
Most of the
time
94
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
English Proficiency
English proficient
6.49%
(0.336)
5.93%
(0.280)
Just about
always
11.89%
(0.817)
4.76%
(0.232)
7.04%
(0.711)
10.97%
(1.274)
5.36%
(1.109)
Just about
always
6.88%
(0.626)
7.01%
(0.606)
5.87%
(0.324)
5.72%
(0.343)
Just about
always
11.55%
(1.012)
6.34%
(0.480)
5.08%
(0.350)
5.52%
(0.303)
Just about
always
5.04%
(0.215)
13.21%
(0.799)
Just about
always
5.68%
(0.218)
46.96%
(0.666)
46.73%
(0.583)
Most of the
time
47.86%
(1.226)
48.04%
(0.541)
38.56%
(1.290)
54.59%
(1.876)
39.61%
(2.170)
Most of the
time
47.79%
(1.214)
47.07%
(1.205)
47.02%
(0.671)
45.73%
(0.733)
Most of the
time
42.59%
(1.573)
42.54%
(0.971)
44.03%
(0.800)
53.73%
(0.654)
Most of the
time
45.67%
(0.479)
53.92%
(1.127)
Most of the
time
46.51%
(0.458)
95
39.69%
(0.654)
41.31%
(0.576)
Only some of
the time
34.55%
(1.158)
40.96 %
(0.532)
46.13%
(1.328)
30.72%
(1.680)
44.98%
(2.245)
Only some of
the time
38.56%
(1.183)
39.58%
(1.184)
40.42%
(0.661)
42.66%
(0.730)
Only some of
the time
37.24%
(1.536)
43.00%
(0.970)
43.38%
(0.795)
37.13%
(0.633)
Only some of
the time
42.37%
(0.476)
29.31%
(1.009)
Only some of
the time
41.19%
(0.453)
6.86%
(0.346)
6.03%
(0.286)
None of the
time
5.70%
(0.547)
6.24%
(0.270)
8.27%
(0.748)
3.71%
(0.838)
10.06%
(1.460)
None of the
time
6.78%
(0.630)
6.34%
(0.606)
6.69%
(0.343)
5.89%
(0.356)
None of the
time
8.63%
(0.885)
8.12%
(0.551)
7.52%
(0.416)
3.63%
(0.244)
None of the
time
6.92%
(0.253)
3.56%
(0.397)
None of the
time
6.62%
(0.236)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children under 6
years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
13.10%
(1.124)
Just about
always
5.88%
(0.227)
8.38%
(0.701)
Just about
always
5.08%
(0.225)
8.19%
(0.451)
Just about
always
8.63%
(0.728)
5.84%
(0.225)
Just about
always
6.12%
(0.227)
6.32%
(1.102)
8.04%
(1.141)
51.19%
(1.674)
Most of the
time
47.88%
(0.476)
39.98%
(1.177)
Most of the
time
48.04%
(0.509)
44.74%
(0.828)
Most of the
time
48.01%
(1.322)
46.66%
(0.468)
Most of the
time
47.19%
(0.458)
45.92%
(2.432)
40.13%
(2.265)
31.53%
(1.545)
Only some of
the time
40.35%
(0.469)
41.50%
(1.174)
Only some of
the time
40.79%
(0.500)
40.00%
(0.816)
Only some of
the time
37.52%
(1.286)
40.96%
(0.462)
Only some of
the time
40.55%
(0.451)
40.45%
(2.420)
39.56%
(2.229)
4.18%
(0.632)
None of the
time
5.88%
(0.231)
10.14%
(0.750)
None of the
time
6.08%
(0.253)
7.08%
(0.430)
None of the
time
5.84%
(0.653)
6.54%
(0.238)
None of the
time
6.14%
(0.227)
7.30%
(1.354)
12.27%
(1.514)
Source: CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data
Table A.14 Differences in Efficacy by Group
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you personally are counted in the 2020 Census?
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
A great
deal
33.22%
(0.410)
A great
deal
32.68%
(0.617)
33.76%
(0.543)
A great
deal
36.21%
(1.167)
A lot
26.02%
(0.386)
A lot
26.63%
(0.585)
25.41%
(0.504)
A lot
30.18%
(1.142)
96
A moderate
amount
23.30%
(0.382)
A moderate
amount
22.51%
(0.569)
24.07%
(0.511)
A moderate
amount
20.13%
(1.005)
A little
Not at all
9.70%
(0.273)
7.76%
(0.249)
A little
Not at all
10.25%
(0.419)
9.17%
(0.352)
7.94%
(0.378)
7.59%
(0.326)
A little
Not at all
7.20%
(0.617)
6.27%
(0.577)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you personally are counted in the 2020 Census?
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
31.18%
(0.492)
44.16%
(1.312)
24.20%
(1.555)
34.05%
(2.060)
A great
deal
22.60%
(1.013)
30.29%
(1.103)
35.99%
(0.642)
38.56%
(0.711)
A great
deal
27.42%
(1.392)
31.87%
(0.912)
34.43%
(0.744)
34.85%
(0.618)
A great
deal
33.68%
(0.447)
30.49%
(1.037)
A great
deal
33.86%
(0.428)
24.91%
(1.398)
A great
deal
33.76%
(0.442)
25.93%
(0.467)
23.02%
(1.117)
28.64%
(1.760)
19.54%
(1.758)
A lot
22.09%
(0.988)
26.24%
(1.063)
27.24%
(0.599)
26.80%
(0.652)
A lot
27.07%
(1.411)
25.21%
(0.836)
24.32%
(0.685)
27.80%
(0.587)
A lot
25.04%
(0.412)
31.86%
(1.069)
A lot
25.30%
(0.395)
35.43%
(1.632)
A lot
26.14%
(0.416)
97
24.98%
(0.479)
15.70%
(1.006)
28.58%
(1.674)
22.75%
(1.917)
A moderate
amount
30.49%
(1.117)
26.06%
(1.068)
21.70%
(0.556)
18.74%
(0.585)
A moderate
amount
21.49%
(1.328)
22.31%
(0.823)
24.85%
(0.719)
23.13%
(0.561)
A moderate
amount
23.64%
(0.419)
21.23%
(0.911)
A moderate
amount
23.31%
(0.397)
23.11%
(1.415)
A moderate
amount
23.85%
(0.414)
10.01%
(0.342)
9.41%
(1.674)
12.35%
(1.273)
11.11%
(1.506)
7.91%
(0.307)
7.71%
(1.917)
6.23%
(0.927)
12.56%
(1.648)
A little
Not at all
13.72%
(0.845)
10.27%
(0.742)
8.42%
(0.387)
8.41%
(0.420)
11.10%
(0.809)
7.15%
(0.623)
6.65%
(0.346)
7.49%
(0.397)
A little
Not at all
13.43%
(1.098)
10.83%
(0.620)
8.73%
(0.476)
8.65%
(0.380)
10.58%
(0.984)
9.79%
(0.605)
7.66%
(0.437)
5.57%
(0.312)
A little
Not at all
9.85%
(0.301)
8.80%
(0.625)
7.79%
(0.272)
7.62%
(0.617)
A little
Not at all
9.68%
(0.284)
10.01%
(0.985)
7.86%
(0.261)
6.54%
(0.831)
A little
Not at all
9.29%
(0.290)
6.96%
(0.258)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you personally are counted in the 2020 Census?
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
29.71%
(1.096)
A great
deal
34.23%
(0.474)
31.45%
(0.766)
A great
deal
31.24%
(1.217)
33.53%
(0.435)
A great
deal
33.24%
(0.425)
40.25%
(2.366)
26.74%
(1.988)
25.17%
(1.020)
A lot
26.79%
(0.448)
24.66%
(0.714)
A lot
25.06%
(1.148)
26.08%
(0.408)
A lot
26.28%
(0.401)
23.49%
(2.023)
22.44%
(1.899)
19.63%
(0.969)
A moderate
amount
23.15%
(0.438)
23.55%
(0.718)
A moderate
amount
24.07%
(1.137)
23.18%
(0.404)
A moderate
amount
23.32%
(0.396)
19.00%
(1.954)
26.56%
(2.039)
12.42%
(0.803)
13.08%
(0.817)
A little
Not at all
9.09%
(0.311)
10.77%
(0.518)
6.73%
(0.270)
9.57%
(0.495)
A little
Not at all
11.90%
(0.870)
9.36%
(0.285)
7.19%
(0.724)
7.85%
(0.265)
A little
Not at all
9.65%
(0.282)
10.32%
(1.658)
10.21%
(1.368)
7.51%
(0.254)
6.95%
(1.373)
14.04%
(1.661)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.15 Differences in Perceptions of Potential Benefit and Harm to COMMUNITY by Group
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could benefit or harm YOUR COMMUNITY in
any way?
Neither
Both Benefit
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
54.12%
21.19%
23.78%
0.91%
Total Population
(0.443)
(0.370)
(0.378)
(0.089)
Neither
Both Benefit
Sex
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
55.07%
19.54%
24.27%
1.12%
Male
(0.667)
(0.543)
(0.574)
(0.148)
53.18%
22.80%
23.30%
0.71%
Female
(0.585)
(0.503)
(0.495)
(0.099)
Neither
Both Benefit
Race/Hispanic Origin
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
62.40%
16.18%
20.47%
0.94%
Hispanic of any race or no race
(1.198)
(0.902)
(1.018)
(0.236)
98
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could benefit or harm YOUR COMMUNITY in
any way?
53.23%
22.29%
23.64%
0.84%
Non-Hispanic White
(0.541)
(0.459)
(0.460)
(0.106)
Non-Hispanic Black or African
52.05%
19.51%
27.15%
1.29%
American
(1.333)
(1.096)
(1.180)
(0.310)
54.81%
21.66%
23.21%
0.32%
Non-Hispanic Asian
(1.888)
(1.669)
(1.558)
(0.163)
Non-Hispanic small-sample
46.87%
23.46%
27.98%
1.69%
races
(2.243)
(1.999)
(2.000)
(0.587)
Neither
Both Benefit
Age
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
48.42%
25.92%
24.97%
0.69%
18-34
(1.215)
(1.084)
(1.054)
(0.190)
54.49%
20.26%
23.88%
1.37%
35-44
(1.206)
(0.992)
(1.028)
(0.317)
57.04%
19.32%
22.82%
0.82%
45-64
(0.667)
(0.535)
(0.565)
(0.127)
53.44%
21.29%
24.35%
0.92%
65+
(0.736)
(0.612)
(0.633)
(0.142)
Neither
Both Benefit
Education
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
48.98%
26.04%
23.58%
1.40%
Less than a high school diploma
(1.586)
(1.400)
(1.382)
(0.355)
High school graduates, no
50.69%
25.65%
22.70%
0.96%
college
(0.981)
(0.861)
(0.812)
(0.200)
Some college or associate
54.01%
19.84%
25.08%
1.07%
degree
(0.803)
(0.647)
(0.700)
(0.176)
58.20%
17.77%
23.42%
0.60%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
(0.649)
(0.512)
(0.555)
(0.101)
Neither
Both Benefit
Birthplace
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
52.47%
21.77%
24.75%
1.01%
Born in the United States
(0.482)
(0.406)
(0.416)
(0.102)
64.01%
17.68%
17.98%
0.34%
Born outside the United States
(1.089)
(0.875)
(0.868)
(0.102)
Neither
Both Benefit
English Proficiency
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
53.48%
21.50%
24.07%
0.95%
English proficient
(0.460)
(0.386)
(0.393)
(0.095)
62.46%
17.05%
20.03%
0.46%
Not English proficient
(1.643)
(1.274)
(1.393)
(0.190)
99
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could benefit or harm YOUR COMMUNITY in
any way?
Neither
Both Benefit
Internet Proficiency
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
55.39%
20.17%
23.62%
0.82%
Internet proficient
(0.476)
(0.393)
(0.406)
(0.092)
45.73%
27.89%
24.87%
1.52%
Not internet proficient
(1.193)
(1.083)
(1.040)
(0.295)
Neither
Both Benefit
Homeowners v. Renters
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
54.73%
20.49%
23.91%
0.88%
Homeowners
(0.508)
(0.417)
(0.438)
(0.101)
53.05%
22.40%
23.56%
0.98%
Renters
(0.832)
(0.708)
(0.704)
(0.171)
Neither
Both Benefit
Children in Household
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
Household with children under
52.68%
22.14%
24.11%
1.07%
6 years old
(1.327)
(1.136)
(1.146)
(0.304)
Household without children
54.34%
21.04%
23.73%
0.89%
under 6 years old
(0.468)
(0.389)
(0.399)
(0.091)
Neither
Both Benefit
Sexual Orientation
Benefit
Benefit
Harm
and Harm
nor Harm
54.40%
21.04%
23.78%
0.78%
Straight
(0.459)
(0.381)
(0.393)
(0.085)
59.44%
18.86%
20.57%
1.13%
Sexual Minority
(2.415)
(2.049)
(1.898)
(0.501)
Don’t know/
43.28%
26.41%
26.72%
3.59%
Something else
(2.260)
(2.098)
(1.967)
(0.918)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.16 Differences in Perceptions of Potential Benefit and Harm to YOU by Group
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could personally benefit or harm YOU in any way?
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
44.11%
(0.440)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
41.80%
(0.660)
Benefit
Total Population
Sex
Male
36.72%
(0.425)
Benefit
37.98%
(0.644)
100
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.98%
(0.343)
1.19%
(0.102)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
18.83%
(0.527)
1.38%
(0.162)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could personally benefit or harm YOU in any way?
35.47%
(0.556)
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or African
American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
46.39%
(0.584)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
34.65%
(1.161)
48.25%
(0.542)
33.23%
(1.271)
38.73%
(1.832)
41.90%
(2.235)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
51.73%
(1.215)
43.8%
(1.197)
42.13%
(0.663)
41.89%
(0.726)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
39.62%
(1.554)
44.56%
(0.977)
42.51%
(0.797)
46.62%
(0.655)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
45.43%
(0.480)
36.20%
(1.081)
Benefit
48.06%
(1.225)
33.51%
(0.508)
42.72%
(1.312)
39.55%
(1.833)
33.27%
(2.108)
Benefit
29.79%
(1.110)
36.38%
(1.158)
39.87%
(0.658)
37.05%
(0.710)
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United States
Benefit
38.41%
(1.535)
35.44%
(0.939)
36.58%
(0.766)
37.22%
(0.631)
Benefit
34.88%
(0.456)
47.73%
(1.132)
101
17.13%
(0.441)
1.01%
(0.125)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
15.91%
(0.930)
17.14%
(0.411)
22.93%
(1.117)
20.15%
(1.506)
22.64%
(1.884)
1.38%
(0.295)
1.10%
(0.119)
1.11%
(0.303)
1.57%
(0.698)
2.20%
(0.597)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.55%
(0.929)
17.80%
(0.940)
16.93%
(0.513)
20.02%
(0.592)
0.93%
(0.242)
1.98%
(0.361)
1.07%
(0.143)
1.04%
(0.151)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
19.95%
(1.297)
18.86%
(0.754)
19.63%
(0.644)
15.26%
(0.468)
2.02%
(0.464)
1.14%
(0.214)
1.28%
(0.192)
0.90%
(0.123)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
18.46%
(0.376)
15.07%
(0.822)
1.23%
(0.112)
1.00%
(0.239)
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could personally benefit or harm YOU in any way?
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Benefit
35.97%
(0.439)
46.52%
(1.667)
Benefit
37.21%
(0.459)
33.47%
(1.119)
Benefit
36.37%
(0.487)
37.33%
(0.800)
Children in Household
Benefit
Household with children under
6 years old
Household without children
under 6 years old
37.98%
(1.278)
36.52%
(0.449)
Sexual Orientation
Benefit
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
44.94%
(0.458)
33.27%
(1.569)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
44.35%
(0.474)
42.52%
(1.188)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
44.70%
(0.507)
43.08%
(0.826)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
43.18%
(1.312)
44.26%
(0.466)
Neither
Benefit
nor Harm
44.08%
(0.456)
45.45%
(2.452)
43.66%
(2.291)
37.05%
(0.442)
37.98%
(2.356)
28.36%
(2.000)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
102
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.94%
(0.354)
18.47%
(1.363)
1.15%
(0.104)
1.74%
(0.462)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.39%
(0.364)
21.86%
(1.003)
1.05%
(0.104)
2.16%
(0.362)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.79%
(0.395)
18.31%
(0.643)
1.14%
(0.115)
1.29%
(0.195)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.64%
(1.038)
18.03%
(0.362)
1.20%
(0.276)
1.19%
(0.110)
Both Benefit
and Harm
Harm
17.77%
(0.355)
15.61%
(1.720)
24.52%
(1.948)
1.10%
(0.102)
0.97%
(0.390)
3.46%
(0.854)
Table A.17 Differences in Forced-Choice Motivators by Group
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally, that you should fill out the census form?
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
61.98%
(0.426)
29.94%
(0.409)
15.24%
(0.320)
16.80%
(0.337)
9.49%
(0.248)
1.98%
(0.129)
1.39%
(0.112)
25.17%
(0.379)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Male
57.28%
(0.656)
27.19%
(0.602)
14.48%
(0.475)
15.60%
(0.495)
12.64%
(0.417)
2.03%
(0.198)
1.36%
(0.172)
26.70%
(0.583)
Female
66.61%
(0.543)
32.64%
(0.554)
15.99%
(0.430)
17.98%
(0.458)
6.39%
(0.270)
1.92%
(0.167)
1.41%
(0.142)
23.67%
(0.486)
Race/Hispanic
Origin
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Hispanic of any
race or no race
73.27%
(1.091)
33.32%
(1.157)
19.22%
(0.963)
20.74%
(0.988)
6.18%
(0.600)
2.46%
(0.400)
2.12%
(0.381)
15.97%
(0.889)
Non-Hispanic
White
58.00%
(0.531)
28.85%
(0.494)
13.54%
(0.372)
15.60%
(0.404)
11.31%
(0.327)
1.39%
(0.131)
0.97%
(0.118)
28.32%
(0.482)
Non-Hispanic
Black or African
American
69.68%
33.66%
19.04%
16.98%
4.21%
4.28%
2.39%
19.44%
(1.199)
(1.268)
(1.057)
(1.017)
(0.478)
(0.572)
(0.425)
(1.009)
Non-Hispanic
Asian
70.20%
(1.704)
27.19%
(1.675)
19.71%
(1.572)
23.29%
(1.563)
5.78%
(0.859)
3.65%
(0.780)
1.67%
(0.517)
18.70%
(1.408)
Non-Hispanic
small-sample
races
62.21%
28.57%
15.66%
17.99%
8.44%
1.83%
2.99%
24.54%
(2.185)
(2.056)
(1.593)
(1.737)
(1.237)
(0.528)
(0.696)
(1.970)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Total
Population
Sex
Age
103
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
18-34
69.40%
(1.122)
33.19%
(1.145)
16.94%
(0.907)
19.27%
(0.965)
5.97%
(0.570)
2.29%
(0.359)
1.52%
(0.328)
20.82%
(0.987)
35-44
69.45%
(1.116)
33.66%
(1.140)
15.26%
(0.861)
20.53%
(0.981)
6.48%
(0.604)
2.22%
(0.371)
1.00%
(0.259)
20.85%
(0.977)
45-64
62.13%
(0.652)
30.60%
(0.620)
15.40%
(0.489)
16.13%
(0.492)
9.62%
(0.393)
1.67%
(0.182)
1.28%
(0.166)
25.30%
(0.584)
65+
51.37%
(0.736)
24.06%
(0.632)
13.76%
(0.506)
13.55%
(0.506)
13.85%
(0.496)
2.05%
(0.224)
1.71%
(0.203)
31.02%
(0.681)
Education
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Less than a high
school diploma
70.20%
(1.465)
32.33%
(1.478)
18.54%
(1.219)
19.34%
(1.265)
4.61%
(0.678)
4.04%
(0.650)
3.02%
(0.550)
18.14%
(1.233)
High school
graduates, no
college
Some college or
associate
degree
Bachelor’s
degree or
higher
65.56%
32.28%
15.58%
17.70%
6.41%
1.61%
2.23%
24.20%
(0.930)
(0.919)
(0.706)
(0.758)
(0.469)
(0.269)
(0.305)
(0.833)
62.70%
30.18%
15.32%
17.20%
9.02%
1.44%
1.13%
25.71%
(0.771)
(0.742)
(0.582)
(0.615)
(0.455)
(0.191)
(0.164)
(0.693)
56.30%
27.34%
13.93%
15.03%
13.57%
2.10%
0.53%
27.50%
(0.650)
(0.590)
(0.454)
(0.468)
(0.443)
(0.190)
(0.094)
(0.584)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Born in the
United States
60.30%
(0.467)
29.96%
(0.445)
14.39%
(0.340)
15.95%
(0.362)
10.14%
(0.276)
1.88%
(0.137)
1.30%
(0.116)
26.38%
(0.419)
Born outside
the United
States
72.06%
29.82%
20.33%
21.92%
5.57%
2.58%
1.90%
17.89%
(1.015)
(1.042)
(0.917)
(0.925)
(0.530)
(0.374)
(0.358)
(0.844)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Birthplace
English
Proficiency
104
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
English
proficient
60.97%
(0.444)
29.86%
(0.424)
14.90%
(0.329)
16.21%
(0.346)
9.82%
(0.260)
1.89%
(0.130)
1.31%
(0.112)
26.02%
(0.398)
Not English
proficient
75.20%
(1.454)
30.95%
(1.554)
19.71%
(1.329)
24.54%
(1.431)
5.17%
(0.793)
3.18%
(0.656)
2.40%
(0.560)
14.06%
(1.103)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Internet
proficient
61.93%
(0.459)
29.69%
(0.438)
15.14%
(0.345)
17.11%
(0.366)
9.68%
(0.269)
1.85%
(0.136)
1.13%
(0.112)
25.41%
(0.409)
Not internet
proficient
62.29%
(1.152)
31.59%
(1.139)
15.94%
(0.861)
14.75%
(0.854)
8.26%
(0.635)
2.78%
(0.390)
3.08%
(0.410)
23.58%
(1.004)
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Homeowners
58.62%
(0.500)
28.81%
(0.464)
14.20%
(0.355)
15.61%
(0.374)
11.23%
(0.316)
1.61%
(0.134)
0.96%
(0.106)
27.58%
(0.453)
Renters
67.87%
(0.774)
31.91%
(0.779)
17.07%
(0.623)
18.89%
(0.655)
6.44%
(0.397)
2.62%
(0.267)
2.14%
(0.244)
20.94%
(0.675)
Children in
Household
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
Household with
children under
6 years old
Household
without
children under
6 years old
73.54%
37.36%
16.43%
19.75%
5.61%
1.77%
0.97%
18.12%
(1.149)
(1.282)
(0.989)
(1.077)
(0.600)
(0.356)
(0.263)
(0.992)
60.21%
28.80%
15.06%
16.35%
10.08%
2.01%
1.45%
26.25%
(0.4561)
(0.428)
(0.336)
(0.352)
(0.271)
(0.139)
(0.122)
(0.409)
Sexual
Orientation
All communityoriented uses
Determine funding
for public services
in community
Provides information
for local government
to plan in community
Contributes to
better future
for community
Determine
number of elected
representatives
Enforce
civil rights
Cultural
Heritage
Civic
duty
61.96%
30.04%
15.21%
16.71%
9.33%
1.81%
1.28%
25.63%
Internet
Proficiency
Homeowners v.
Renters
Straight
105
2020 Census Research | 2020 CBAMS Survey Report
Sexual
Minority
Don’t know/
Something
else
(0.441)
58.83%
(2.40)
65.29%
(0.425)
26.52%
(2.15)
30.72%
(0.331)
17.97%
(1.92)
13.63%
(0.349)
14.34%
(1.72)
20.95%
(0.254)
13.29%
(1.65)
9.67%
(0.127)
4.87%
(1.10)
3.18%
(0.110)
2.02%
(0.606)
3.14%
(0.396)
20.99%
(1.98)
18.72%
(2.17)
(2.12)
(1.57)
(1.89)
(1.28)
(0.886)
(0.976)
(1.70)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
106
Table A.18 Differences in Intent to Respond by Forced-Choice Motivator
If the census were held today, how likely would you be to fill out the census form?
Somewhat/ Not
Extremely/ Very too/ Not at all
likely
likely
58.56%
68.99%
Community-oriented motivator
(0.512)
(0.755)
It determines how many elected representatives my
10.89%
6.62%
state has in Congress
(0.312)
(0.402)
1.80%
2.33%
It is used to enforce civil rights laws
(0.145)
(0.259)
0.88%
2.42%
It shows that I am proud of my cultural heritage
(0.102)
(0.268)
It is my civic duty (along with voting, jury duty, paying
27.86%
19.65%
taxes)
(0.467)
(0.638)
Table A.19 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Daycare for Children) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Daycare
for children.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.52%
23.46%
18.39%
10.18%
21.46%
(0.396)
(0.377)
(0.344)
(0.261)
(0.355)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
21.18%
23.13%
20.10%
11.90%
23.69%
(0.565)
31.77%
(0.570)
23.78%
(0.533)
16.70%
(0.417)
8.49%
(0.553)
19.27%
(0.552)
(0.495)
(0.435)
(0.315)
(0.450)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
35.99%
30.53%
16.59%
5.90%
10.99%
(1.189)
21.06%
(1.125)
21.21%
(0.914)
19.39%
(0.566)
12.02%
(0.735)
26.32%
(0.451)
46.57%
(0.449)
26.52%
(0.430)
13.00%
(0.343)
5.06%
(0.468)
8.84%
(1.332)
(1.162)
(0.878)
(0.556)
(0.767)
26.03%
30.05%
24.27%
8.49%
11.17%
(1.692)
29.09%
(1.745)
23.23%
(1.640)
17.63%
(0.961)
9.70%
(1.070)
20.36%
107
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Daycare
for children.
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
(2.068)
(1.872)
(1.711)
(1.423)
(1.772)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.48%
24.31%
17.79%
7.97%
12.44%
(1.177)
(1.058)
(0.943)
(0.609)
(0.796)
32.66%
23.56%
17.73%
10.16%
15.89%
(1.132)
(1.024)
(0.914)
(0.727)
(0.902)
23.41%
23.60%
18.23%
11.25%
23.51%
(0.564)
(0.572)
(0.522)
(0.424)
(0.572)
19.29%
22.56%
19.50%
10.12%
28.53%
(0.581)
(0.610)
(0.586)
(0.438)
(0.668)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
31.58%
29.62%
17.21%
5.65%
15.95%
(1.494)
26.35%
(1.429)
26.13%
(1.200)
18.86%
(0.733)
8.74%
(1.166)
19.92%
(0.869)
27.74%
(0.862)
21.78%
(0.771)
17.95%
(0.543)
10.43%
(0.775)
22.10%
(0.736)
23.99%
(0.664)
21.21%
(0.613)
18.80%
(0.482)
12.35%
(0.650)
23.65%
(0.562)
(0.534)
(0.517)
(0.434)
(0.553)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
25.51%
21.99%
18.58%
10.68%
23.24%
(0.425)
32.57%
(0.403)
32.24%
(0.375)
17.23%
(0.289)
7.17%
(0.398)
10.79%
(1.089)
(1.051)
(0.848)
(0.562)
(0.658)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.10%
22.39%
18.47%
10.54%
22.51%
(0.408)
(0.386)
(0.357)
(0.275)
(0.375)
31.97%
37.47%
17.28%
5.49%
7.79%
(1.603)
(1.605)
(1.268)
(0.716)
(0.869)
108
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Daycare
for children.
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
27.02%
22.74%
18.58%
10.75%
20.91%
(0.430)
(0.402)
(0.373)
(0.287)
(0.376)
23.19%
28.17%
17.08%
6.42%
25.14%
(1.019)
(1.078)
(0.874)
(0.565)
(1.058)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
22.64%
22.31%
19.08%
11.81%
24.16%
(0.429)
(0.426)
(0.400)
(0.326)
(0.433)
33.30%
25.47%
17.17%
7.32%
16.74%
(0.786)
(0.722)
(0.635)
(0.432)
(0.613)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
47.23%
26.83%
14.49%
5.96%
5.48%
(1.323)
23.34%
(1.176)
22.94%
(0.950)
18.98%
(0.613)
10.83%
(0.579)
23.92%
(0.401)
(0.395)
(0.368)
(0.285)
(0.394)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.36%
23.47%
18.43%
10.35%
21.4%
(0.410)
(0.391)
(0.356)
(0.273)
(0.368)
24.49%
21.35%
19.15%
8.56%
26.45%
(2.128)
(2.064)
(1.943)
(1.293)
(2.109)
31.81%
(2.171)
25.12%
(1.948)
16.7%
(1.720)
7.92%
(1.200)
18.47%
(1.754)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.20 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Fire Department) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Fire
departments.
Total Population
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.36%
26.51%
4.85%
0.66%
0.63%
(0.418)
(0.393)
(0.195)
(0.071)
(0.076)
109
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Fire
departments.
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
61.87%
30.14%
6.25%
0.88%
0.86%
(0.648)
72.77%
(0.612)
22.93%
(0.323)
3.46%
(0.120)
0.44%
(0.131)
0.40%
(0.524)
(0.493)
(0.220)
(0.077)
(0.079)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
68.44%
26.48%
4.00%
0.43%
0.65%
(1.141)
66.61%
(1.074)
27.05%
(0.513)
5.14%
(0.166)
0.66%
(0.217)
0.54%
(0.515)
72.77%
(0.485)
22.31%
(0.245)
3.39%
(0.087)
0.43%
(0.081)
1.10%
(1.197)
(1.108)
(0.511)
(0.159)
(0.340)
60.41%
30.53%
6.65%
1.46%
0.95%
(1.853)
66.77%
(1.761)
26.09%
(0.903)
5.37%
(0.465)
1.30%
(0.372)
0.46%
(2.109)
(1.946)
(1.002)
(0.634)
(0.277)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.45%
26.49%
6.37%
0.97%
0.73%
(1.152)
(1.062)
(0.599)
(0.238)
(0.223)
69.45%
25.60%
4.39%
0.32%
0.24%
(1.123)
(1.067)
(0.501)
(0.124)
(0.112)
67.82%
26.42%
4.46%
0.74%
0.57%
(0.636)
(0.601)
(0.280)
(0.115)
(0.120)
66.62%
27.27%
4.66%
0.53%
0.93%
(0.700)
(0.660)
(0.323)
(0.104)
(0.154)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
61.47%
30.08%
5.91%
0.74%
1.80%
(1.540)
66.63%
(1.439)
27.50%
(0.768)
4.34%
(0.226)
0.76%
(0.460)
0.77%
(0.928)
69.84%
(0.879)
24.80%
(0.398)
4.37%
(0.177)
0.60%
(0.178)
0.39%
110
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Fire
departments.
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
(0.743)
67.42%
(0.698)
26.27%
(0.345)
5.31%
(0.123)
0.61%
(0.089)
0.40%
(0.620)
(0.582)
(0.305)
(0.101)
(0.084)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.78%
25.98%
4.92%
0.68%
0.65%
(0.454)
64.84%
(0.425)
29.70%
(0.215)
4.42%
(0.079)
0.55%
(0.083)
0.49%
(1.078)
(1.032)
(0.448)
(0.151)
(0.184)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.78%
26.06%
4.88%
0.67%
0.62%
(0.433)
(0.406)
(0.203)
(0.075)
(0.078)
61.90%
32.32%
4.45%
0.53%
0.80%
(1.617)
(1.550)
(0.706)
(0.208)
(0.311)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
68.54%
25.71%
4.69%
0.58%
0.48%
(0.446)
(0.420)
(0.206)
(0.074)
(0.072)
59.58%
31.76%
5.84%
1.16%
1.66%
(1.181)
(1.118)
(0.599)
(0.231)
(0.326)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.37%
26.90%
4.62%
0.60%
0.52%
(0.482)
(0.457)
(0.217)
(0.079)
(0.080)
67.35%
25.82%
5.24%
0.76%
0.82%
(0.782)
(0.728)
(0.380)
(0.139)
(0.155)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
70.28%
24.44%
4.20%
0.46%
0.61%
(1.206)
66.91%
(1.137)
26.82%
(0.520)
4.94%
(0.184)
0.69%
(0.184)
0.63%
(0.445)
(0.419)
(0.211)
(0.077)
(0.083)
111
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Fire
departments.
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.69%
(0.433)
67.45%
(2.287)
60.11%
(2.247)
26.22%
(0.406)
27.34%
(2.189)
32.12%
(2.147)
4.83%
(0.204)
3.52%
(0.772)
6.29%
(1.104)
0.67%
(0.076)
0.45%
(0.280)
0.50%
(0.248)
0.59%
(0.075)
1.24%
(0.621)
0.99%
(0.512)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.21 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Police Department) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Police
departments.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
64.69%
26.86%
6.25%
1.15%
1.05%
(0.427)
(0.394)
(0.224)
(0.102)
(0.098)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
59.72%
29.73%
7.87%
1.48%
1.20%
(0.656)
69.58%
(0.608)
24.03%
(0.369)
4.66%
(0.165)
0.84%
(0.148)
0.89%
(0.544)
(0.501)
(0.256)
(0.121)
(0.127)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
64.92%
27.90%
5.09%
0.98%
1.10%
(1.181)
64.42%
(1.105)
27.26%
(0.552)
6.33%
(0.292)
1.11%
(0.270)
0.89%
(0.523)
67.70%
(0.485)
22.53%
(0.276)
6.62%
(0.121)
1.20%
(0.105)
1.97%
(1.255)
(1.103)
(0.693)
(0.292)
(0.435)
60.55%
30.52%
7.19%
1.02%
0.72%
(1.831)
63.05%
(1.707)
26.17%
(1.007)
6.92%
(0.374)
2.72%
(0.296)
1.15%
(2.204)
(2.008)
(1.154)
(0.840)
(0.532)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
112
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Police
departments.
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
61.51%
25.97%
8.99%
2.03%
1.50%
(1.178)
(1.047)
(0.696)
(0.364)
(0.307)
65.94%
26.58%
5.78%
0.90%
0.80%
(1.160)
(1.081)
(0.586)
(0.245)
(0.226)
66.06%
26.42%
5.59%
1.07%
0.87%
(0.645)
(0.601)
(0.322)
(0.136)
(0.139)
64.01%
28.36%
5.64%
0.83%
1.16%
(0.713)
(0.669)
(0.351)
(0.144)
(0.172)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
58.43%
31.15%
7.43%
0.96%
2.03%
(1.563)
64.40%
(1.462)
27.46%
(0.826)
6.12%
(0.300)
1.04%
(0.476)
0.98%
(0.946)
66.00%
(0.874)
25.47%
(0.497)
6.07%
(0.223)
1.30%
(0.205)
1.17%
(0.768)
65.61%
(0.699)
26.39%
(0.406)
6.16%
(0.205)
1.17%
(0.181)
0.68%
(0.627)
(0.582)
(0.325)
(0.144)
(0.110)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
64.93%
26.32%
6.40%
1.26%
1.09%
(0.464)
63.26%
(0.426)
30.07%
(0.247)
5.36%
(0.117)
0.51%
(0.108)
0.80%
(1.088)
(1.031)
(0.511)
(0.139)
(0.223)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.18%
26.26%
6.31%
1.19%
1.06%
(0.442)
(0.406)
(0.234)
(0.107)
(0.102)
58.28%
34.63%
5.54%
0.75%
0.81%
(1.651)
(1.584)
(0.798)
(0.309)
(0.320)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.90%
25.96%
6.12%
1.13%
0.89%
(0.457)
(0.420)
(0.239)
(0.110)
(0.098)
56.70%
32.77%
7.12%
1.31%
2.09%
113
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Police
departments.
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
(1.192)
(1.126)
(0.647)
(0.266)
(0.361)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.55%
27.14%
5.70%
0.78%
0.83%
(0.489)
(0.458)
(0.244)
(0.086)
(0.103)
63.18%
26.37%
7.22%
1.81%
1.42%
(0.805)
(0.730)
(0.444)
(0.236)
(0.199)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
67.57%
24.74%
5.52%
1.33%
0.84%
(1.250)
64.25%
(1.145)
27.18%
(0.628)
6.37%
(0.327)
1.13%
(0.259)
1.08%
(0.454)
(0.419)
(0.240)
(0.106)
(0.105)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.39%
(0.441)
58.7%
(2.428)
54.55%
(2.282)
26.66%
(0.407)
27.13%
(2.173)
30.97%
(2.129)
5.98%
(0.229)
9.48%
(1.479)
9.53%
(1.285)
1.04%
(0.100)
2.61%
(0.853)
2.32%
(0.705)
0.93%
(0.093)
2.07%
(0.848)
2.64%
(0.818)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.22 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Hospitals and Healthcare) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally?
Hospitals and healthcare.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
70.78%
23.40%
4.40%
0.71%
0.70%
(0.405)
(0.376)
(0.187)
(0.080)
(0.077)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
65.06%
27.27%
5.76%
0.96%
0.95%
(0.634)
76.41%
(0.590)
19.60%
(0.308)
3.07%
(0.139)
0.47%
(0.134)
0.45%
(0.498)
(0.463)
(0.212)
(0.079)
(0.078)
114
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally?
Hospitals and healthcare.
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
74.36%
21.84%
2.49%
0.36%
0.95%
(1.082)
68.62%
(1.022)
24.93%
(0.372)
5.01%
(0.170)
0.80%
(0.271)
0.64%
(0.505)
79.15%
(0.469)
16.70%
(0.243)
2.84%
(0.100)
0.51%
(0.087)
0.79%
(1.093)
(0.982)
(0.480)
(0.242)
(0.266)
68.84%
24.91%
4.45%
1.19%
0.60%
(1.753)
72.87%
(1.651)
20.76%
(0.737)
5.03%
(0.417)
0.59%
(0.283)
0.75%
(1.982)
(1.812)
(0.974)
(0.301)
(0.344)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
74.59%
19.96%
3.84%
1.10%
0.52%
(1.059)
(0.962)
(0.477)
(0.289)
(0.187)
73.01%
21.69%
4.53%
0.48%
0.29%
(1.093)
(1.016)
(0.525)
(0.162)
(0.125)
69.98%
24.24%
4.35%
0.65%
0.78%
(0.625)
(0.585)
(0.280)
(0.107)
(0.134)
67.78%
25.74%
4.81%
0.69%
0.98%
(0.695)
(0.647)
(0.333)
(0.125)
(0.155)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
64.69%
27.34%
5.51%
1.05%
1.41%
(1.515)
69.83%
(1.410)
23.85%
(0.725)
4.79%
(0.334)
0.75%
(0.371)
0.77%
(0.894)
71.47%
(0.821)
22.77%
(0.429)
4.45%
(0.184)
0.63%
(0.180)
0.69%
(0.726)
72.68%
(0.673)
22.46%
(0.336)
3.75%
(0.132)
0.67%
(0.131)
0.44%
(0.591)
(0.554)
(0.252)
(0.112)
(0.088)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
70.61%
23.41%
4.54%
0.73%
0.71%
115
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally?
Hospitals and healthcare.
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
(0.441)
71.78%
(0.408)
23.39%
(0.206)
3.61%
(0.087)
0.62%
(0.085)
0.61%
(1.014)
(0.950)
(0.416)
(0.200)
(0.182)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
70.98%
23.12%
4.47%
0.72%
0.70%
(0.419)
(0.388)
(0.195)
(0.083)
(0.080)
68.11%
27.06%
3.55%
0.59%
0.69%
(1.555)
(1.476)
(0.616)
(0.284)
(0.305)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
72.11%
22.50%
4.20%
0.67%
0.52%
(0.430)
(0.399)
(0.196)
(0.085)
(0.072)
62.01%
29.39%
5.71%
1.03%
1.86%
(1.168)
(1.094)
(0.577)
(0.219)
(0.347)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
69.42%
24.74%
4.56%
0.64%
0.63%
(0.475)
(0.444)
(0.220)
(0.081)
(0.087)
73.17%
21.06%
4.12%
0.84%
0.81%
(0.740)
(0.678)
(0.340)
(0.166)
(0.149)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
75.35%
21.24%
2.77%
0.27%
0.38%
(1.142)
70.08%
(1.083)
23.74%
(0.446)
4.65%
(0.114)
0.78%
(0.167)
0.75%
(0.432)
Extremely
important
70.75%
(0.420)
78.62%
(1.938)
64.48%
(2.178)
(0.400)
Very
important
23.46%
(0.390)
17.72%
(1.813)
27.07%
(2.014)
(0.204)
Somewhat
important
4.43%
(0.195)
2.84%
(0.738)
5.22%
(0.980)
(0.090)
Not too
important
0.71%
(0.082)
0.20%
(0.195)
1.31%
(0.543)
(0.085)
Not at all
important
0.65%
(0.077)
0.62%
(0.364)
1.92%
(0.660)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
116
Table A.23 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Job Training) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Job
training programs.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
30.36%
30.66%
21.86%
8.38%
8.74%
(0.409)
(0.410)
(0.367)
(0.233)
(0.237)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.00%
30.14%
23.99%
9.78%
10.08%
(0.603)
34.64%
(0.614)
31.17%
(0.569)
19.76%
(0.373)
7.00%
(0.379)
7.42%
(0.557)
(0.544)
(0.465)
(0.281)
(0.286)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
41.74%
36.38%
14.01%
4.39%
3.48%
(1.216)
23.43%
(1.177)
29.66%
(0.845)
25.54%
(0.458)
10.25%
(0.454)
11.11%
(0.467)
56.57%
(0.497)
28.60%
(0.476)
9.91%
(0.315)
2.38%
(0.321)
2.55%
(1.317)
(1.204)
(0.785)
(0.356)
(0.407)
29.75%
34.59%
21.92%
8.55%
5.20%
(1.806)
33.43%
(1.781)
31.85%
(1.495)
20.33%
(0.989)
7.22%
(0.794)
7.17%
(2.136)
(2.139)
(1.771)
(1.109)
(1.096)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
35.36%
31.37%
23.21%
6.68%
3.39%
(1.180)
(1.125)
(1.028)
(0.540)
(0.412)
34.05%
30.94%
21.60%
8.28%
5.13%
(1.149)
(1.125)
(0.989)
(0.640)
(0.506)
29.42%
30.46%
22.55%
9.07%
8.50%
(0.607)
(0.621)
(0.562)
(0.382)
(0.380)
25.72%
30.27%
20.00%
8.61%
15.40%
(0.644)
(0.673)
(0.588)
(0.398)
(0.544)
117
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Job
training programs.
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.89%
35.42%
15.33%
4.04%
7.32%
(1.550)
33.79%
(1.517)
33.25%
(1.133)
19.57%
(0.638)
5.17%
(0.794)
8.22%
(0.933)
32.89%
(0.924)
29.81%
(0.779)
21.85%
(0.414)
8.01%
(0.525)
7.44%
(0.754)
23.34%
(0.732)
28.16%
(0.686)
25.48%
(0.427)
12.30%
(0.377)
10.72%
(0.553)
(0.587)
(0.577)
(0.429)
(0.405)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.23%
29.57%
22.86%
8.96%
9.38%
(0.439)
37.14%
(0.441)
37.17%
(0.406)
15.85%
(0.261)
4.92%
(0.266)
4.91%
(1.116)
(1.094)
(0.789)
(0.442)
(0.443)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.97%
29.82%
22.30%
8.79%
9.13%
(0.423)
(0.421)
(0.384)
(0.247)
(0.251)
35.47%
41.68%
16.11%
3.11%
3.64%
(1.626)
(1.656)
(1.174)
(0.523)
(0.580)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
30.26%
30.31%
22.44%
8.83%
8.16%
(0.441)
(0.440)
(0.399)
(0.256)
(0.242)
31.02%
32.96%
18.06%
5.41%
12.56%
(1.114)
(1.120)
(0.916)
(0.541)
(0.814)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
25.76%
30.40%
23.51%
9.98%
10.36%
(0.443)
(0.471)
(0.435)
(0.303)
(0.302)
38.42%
31.12%
18.97%
5.59%
5.91%
(0.810)
(0.768)
(0.663)
(0.357)
(0.379)
118
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Job
training programs.
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
36.20%
32.18%
20.54%
6.93%
4.14%
(1.287)
29.46%
(1.234)
30.43%
(1.062)
22.06%
(0.639)
8.61%
(0.495)
9.45%
(0.429)
Extremely
important
29.95%
(0.422)
37.98%
(2.44)
32.61%
(2.159)
(0.433)
Very
important
30.79%
(0.426)
26.71%
(2.152)
31.40%
(2.112)
(0.391)
Somewhat
important
21.91%
(0.381)
21.58%
(1.950)
21.11%
(1.864)
(0.250)
Not too
important
8.55%
(0.244)
8.58%
(1.305)
4.60%
(0.943)
(0.262)
Not at all
important
8.81%
(0.247)
5.14%
(0.843)
10.28%
(1.404)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.24 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Roads and Highways) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Roads
and highways.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
57.08%
34.82%
6.70%
0.74%
0.66%
(0.439)
(0.421)
(0.226)
(0.076)
(0.075)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
54.71%
36.53%
7.14%
0.83%
0.80%
(0.664)
59.41%
(0.639)
33.13%
(0.347)
6.26%
(0.116)
0.66%
(0.124)
0.53%
(0.575)
(0.549)
(0.289)
(0.098)
(0.086)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
60.19%
32.85%
5.33%
0.76%
0.88%
(1.201)
54.77%
(1.149)
36.78%
(0.546)
7.08%
(0.226)
0.75%
(0.261)
0.61%
(0.539)
66.59%
(0.521)
26.80%
(0.283)
5.24%
(0.092)
0.69%
(0.086)
0.68%
(1.251)
(1.163)
(0.620)
(0.221)
(0.233)
119
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Roads
and highways.
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
57.83%
32.97%
7.62%
0.81%
0.77%
(1.844)
56.88%
(1.748)
33.43%
(0.939)
8.32%
(0.328)
0.68%
(0.311)
0.68%
(2.237)
(2.112)
(1.368)
(0.343)
(0.356)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
61.57%
30.23%
7.22%
0.76%
0.21%
(1.177)
(1.107)
(0.627)
(0.209)
(0.090)
58.37%
34.04%
6.52%
0.57%
0.50%
(1.197)
(1.152)
(0.611)
(0.160)
(0.209)
57.25%
35.11%
6.31%
0.78%
0.55%
(0.667)
(0.642)
(0.339)
(0.125)
(0.109)
52.71%
38.18%
7.04%
0.79%
1.28%
(0.736)
(0.717)
(0.379)
(0.134)
(0.187)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
52.07%
35.83%
8.28%
1.68%
2.14%
(1.587)
56.70%
(1.512)
34.91%
(0.900)
6.78%
(0.425)
0.73%
(0.451)
0.88%
(0.970)
58.58%
(0.931)
33.69%
(0.488)
6.73%
(0.153)
0.62%
(0.192)
0.38%
(0.790)
57.51%
(0.756)
35.47%
(0.407)
6.13%
(0.121)
0.58%
(0.083)
0.32%
(0.649)
(0.627)
(0.322)
(0.093)
(0.071)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
56.63%
35.06%
6.92%
0.75%
0.64%
(0.477)
59.76%
(0.458)
33.36%
(0.250)
5.34%
(0.084)
0.71%
(0.081)
0.83%
(1.099)
(1.052)
(0.492)
(0.163)
(0.200)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
57.33%
34.58%
6.73%
0.74%
0.62%
(0.455)
(0.436)
(0.236)
(0.080)
(0.076)
53.73%
37.87%
6.29%
0.84%
1.27%
120
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Roads
and highways.
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
(1.665)
(1.613)
(0.769)
(0.238)
(0.378)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
58.30%
34.36%
6.31%
0.63%
0.40%
(0.470)
(0.451)
(0.236)
(0.073)
(0.064)
48.99%
37.84%
9.24%
1.51%
2.43%
(1.199)
(1.160)
(0.717)
(0.314)
(0.379)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
55.61%
36.91%
6.23%
0.67%
0.58%
(0.507)
(0.493)
(0.246)
(0.082)
(0.087)
59.65%
31.15%
7.51%
0.87%
0.82%
(0.816)
(0.767)
(0.448)
(0.151)
(0.139)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
59.05%
32.82%
7.01%
0.61%
0.51%
(1.301)
56.78%
(1.242)
35.12%
(0.674)
6.65%
(0.199)
0.76%
(0.168)
0.69%
(0.465)
Extremely
important
56.94%
(0.455)
61.52%
(2.385)
56.21%
(2.260)
(0.446)
Very
important
35.19%
(0.437)
29.57%
(2.231)
31.26%
(2.085)
(0.239)
Somewhat
important
6.62%
(0.233)
6.79%
(1.245)
8.22%
(1.229)
(0.082)
Not too
important
0.68%
(0.074)
1.41%
(0.647)
1.53%
(0.522)
(0.083)
Not at all
important
0.57%
(0.071)
0.71%
(0.373)
2.78%
(0.825)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.25 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Public Transportation) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Public
transportation.
Total Population
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
30.44%
26.47%
23.15%
11.40%
8.54%
(0.407)
(0.386)
(0.373)
(0.279)
(0.249)
121
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Public
transportation.
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
27.25%
25.27%
24.93%
12.53%
10.03%
(0.606)
33.58%
(0.568)
27.65%
(0.578)
21.41%
(0.433)
10.29%
(0.402)
7.07%
(0.551)
(0.524)
(0.473)
(0.356)
(0.296)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
42.46%
32.49%
16.42%
5.11%
3.52%
(1.211)
23.38%
(1.145)
24.68%
(0.903)
26.63%
(0.556)
14.35%
(0.479)
10.95%
(0.465)
54.48%
(0.462)
27.61%
(0.478)
12.21%
(0.377)
3.39%
(0.340)
2.30%
(1.321)
(1.165)
(0.882)
(0.447)
(0.388)
37.15%
32.59%
21.45%
6.06%
2.75%
(1.855)
33.35%
(1.727)
28.47%
(1.563)
19.79%
(0.832)
10.60%
(0.591)
7.79%
(2.113)
(2.047)
(1.784)
(1.420)
(1.201)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.96%
24.15%
20.79%
11.41%
5.70%
(1.183)
(1.023)
(0.985)
(0.778)
(0.587)
31.71%
24.61%
24.15%
11.33%
8.20%
(1.122)
(1.034)
(1.047)
(0.749)
(0.670)
29.66%
26.71%
23.01%
11.51%
9.11%
(0.611)
(0.595)
(0.565)
(0.426)
(0.398)
25.40%
29.02%
24.40%
11.27%
9.92%
(0.639)
(0.666)
(0.631)
(0.463)
(0.451)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
39.92%
33.55%
15.12%
5.69%
5.71%
(1.566)
29.74%
(1.478)
27.63%
(1.145)
22.72%
(0.761)
10.34%
(0.718)
9.57%
(0.900)
30.63%
(0.861)
24.08%
(0.821)
24.32%
(0.610)
11.67%
(0.591)
9.30%
122
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Public
transportation.
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
(0.739)
27.88%
(0.677)
25.66%
(0.698)
24.85%
(0.514)
13.64%
(0.464)
7.98%
(0.588)
(0.566)
(0.569)
(0.455)
(0.360)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
28.54%
25.36%
24.44%
12.32%
9.34%
(0.436)
41.85%
(0.415)
33.11%
(0.413)
15.44%
(0.314)
5.86%
(0.282)
3.73%
(1.126)
(1.057)
(0.810)
(0.499)
(0.420)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.67%
25.52%
23.81%
11.99%
9.01%
(0.420)
(0.396)
(0.391)
(0.297)
(0.264)
40.54%
38.84%
14.56%
3.67%
2.39%
(1.657)
(1.622)
(1.170)
(0.569)
(0.555)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
30.10%
25.85%
23.60%
12.04%
8.41%
(0.437)
(0.413)
(0.404)
(0.308)
(0.267)
32.73%
30.55%
20.18%
7.19%
9.35%
(1.142)
(1.087)
(0.960)
(0.608)
(0.701)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
23.84%
25.83%
25.96%
13.70%
10.67%
(0.429)
(0.441)
(0.447)
(0.354)
(0.329)
42.01%
27.58%
18.24%
7.37%
4.80%
(0.817)
(0.732)
(0.661)
(0.450)
(0.366)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
33.41%
26.11%
23.07%
11.70%
5.72%
(1.249)
29.99%
(0.431)
Extremely
important
(1.158)
26.52%
(0.409)
Very
important
(1.119)
23.17%
(0.394)
Somewhat
important
(0.843)
11.35%
(0.295)
Not too
important
(0.624)
8.97%
(0.271)
Not at all
important
123
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Public
transportation.
29.56%
26.35%
23.65%
11.75%
8.69%
Straight
(0.418)
(0.400)
(0.390)
(0.294)
(0.261)
43.52%
26.38%
17.55%
8.02%
4.53%
Sexual Minority
(2.444)
(2.156)
(1.772)
(1.314)
(0.988)
Don’t know/
38.38%
29.26%
17.12%
6.64%
8.6%
Something else
(2.238)
(2.065)
(1.708)
(1.104)
(1.328)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.26 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Schools and Education System) by
Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Schools
and the education system.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
62.52%
22.38%
8.47%
2.56%
4.07%
(0.425)
(0.367)
(0.243)
(0.131)
(0.169)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
57.28%
25.37%
9.94%
2.74%
4.67%
(0.656)
67.67%
(0.576)
19.45%
(0.391)
7.02%
(0.203)
2.37%
(0.273)
3.49%
(0.537)
(0.455)
(0.289)
(0.165)
(0.202)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
73.07%
19.39%
4.48%
1.08%
1.97%
(1.067)
57.79%
(0.949)
23.76%
(0.485)
10.17%
(0.216)
3.25%
(0.351)
5.03%
(0.533)
76.52%
(0.458)
17.84%
(0.325)
3.66%
(0.181)
0.65%
(0.228)
1.33%
(1.117)
(1.021)
(0.470)
(0.178)
(0.293)
64.96%
23.34%
7.21%
1.87%
2.62%
(1.772)
64.68%
(1.588)
21.29%
(0.887)
8.00%
(0.438)
1.75%
(0.590)
4.27%
(2.129)
(1.833)
(1.188)
(0.528)
(0.847)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
75.81%
16.75%
5.25%
0.89%
1.30%
(1.046)
(0.915)
(0.546)
(0.220)
(0.275)
124
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Schools
and the education system.
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
72.44%
18.79%
5.81%
1.13%
1.84%
(1.100)
(0.973)
(0.579)
(0.234)
(0.324)
59.14%
23.81%
9.43%
3.26%
4.38%
(0.664)
(0.577)
(0.401)
(0.241)
(0.282)
51.52%
26.66%
11.08%
3.64%
7.10%
(0.736)
(0.649)
(0.466)
(0.272)
(0.400)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
62.26%
23.69%
7.30%
2.19%
4.56%
(1.523)
60.00%
(1.317)
23.96%
(0.818)
9.12%
(0.461)
2.46%
(0.650)
4.47%
(0.954)
62.70%
(0.828)
21.55%
(0.559)
8.51%
(0.278)
2.88%
(0.393)
4.36%
(0.765)
64.21%
(0.654)
21.63%
(0.432)
8.33%
(0.245)
2.45%
(0.302)
3.39%
(0.627)
(0.541)
(0.361)
(0.194)
(0.230)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
61.65%
22.31%
9.00%
2.73%
4.31%
(0.465)
67.72%
(0.399)
22.82%
(0.271)
5.25%
(0.147)
1.53%
(0.189)
2.68%
(1.035)
(0.928)
(0.477)
(0.236)
(0.347)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
62.15%
22.14%
8.82%
2.66%
4.23%
(0.442)
(0.380)
(0.257)
(0.139)
(0.178)
67.40%
25.57%
3.78%
1.18%
2.07%
(1.530)
(1.419)
(0.569)
(0.305)
(0.504)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
64.15%
21.44%
8.39%
2.43%
3.60%
(0.453)
(0.389)
(0.260)
(0.136)
(0.168)
51.74%
28.61%
8.99%
3.42%
7.23%
(1.197)
(1.074)
(0.682)
(0.425)
(0.644)
125
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally? Schools
and the education system.
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
59.25%
23.92%
9.36%
3.03%
4.45%
(0.500)
(0.437)
(0.296)
(0.167)
(0.209)
68.25%
19.70%
6.91%
1.74%
3.41%
(0.769)
(0.656)
(0.421)
(0.210)
(0.289)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
79.18%
15.90%
3.69%
0.56%
0.66%
(1.087)
59.96%
(0.457)
Extremely
important
62.48%
(0.441)
68.20%
(2.184)
58.26%
(2.241)
(0.977)
23.38%
(0.395)
Very
important
22.37%
(0.381)
17.96%
(1.792)
26.51%
(2.011)
(0.506)
9.20%
(0.268)
Somewhat
important
8.50%
(0.254)
8.23%
(1.237)
7.87%
(1.109)
(0.213)
2.86%
(0.147)
Not too
important
2.61%
(0.138)
2.35%
(0.621)
1.57%
(0.505)
(0.226)
4.60%
(0.192)
Not at all
important
4.03%
(0.174)
3.27%
(0.773)
5.79%
(1.096)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.27 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Show Pride in One’s Cultural Heritage)
by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Showing you are proud of your
cultural heritage.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.46%
26.59%
24.51%
12.23%
7.20%
(0.401)
(0.389)
(0.380)
(0.289)
(0.231)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.56%
25.62%
25.07%
14.13%
8.63%
(0.598)
32.33%
(0.577)
27.54%
(0.577)
23.96%
(0.461)
10.37%
(0.373)
5.80%
(0.542)
(0.523)
(0.498)
(0.352)
(0.274)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
126
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Showing you are proud of your
cultural heritage.
43.03%
31.49%
17.17%
5.33%
2.99%
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
(1.213)
21.35%
(1.134)
24.74%
(0.948)
28.78%
(0.549)
15.94%
(0.402)
9.19%
(0.449)
57.94%
(0.464)
28.17%
(0.489)
9.88%
(0.396)
1.81%
(0.314)
2.20%
(1.318)
(1.204)
(0.798)
(0.337)
(0.427)
31.97%
36.05%
23.32%
6.44%
2.21%
(1.758)
36.60%
(1.780)
28.78%
(1.631)
20.23%
(1.007)
7.69%
(0.549)
6.70%
(2.208)
(2.025)
(1.780)
(1.104)
(1.126)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.91%
23.09%
27.60%
12.92%
6.48%
(1.113)
(1.014)
(1.098)
(0.807)
(0.600)
29.86%
25.61%
24.24%
12.34%
7.95%
(1.115)
(1.064)
(1.010)
(0.796)
(0.653)
28.71%
26.93%
24.03%
13.03%
7.30%
(0.608)
(0.594)
(0.572)
(0.451)
(0.356)
30.04%
29.23%
23.23%
10.44%
7.06%
(0.676)
(0.673)
(0.616)
(0.438)
(0.381)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.60%
36.68%
14.99%
6.25%
4.48%
(1.539)
34.09%
(1.520)
28.94%
(1.154)
22.29%
(0.772)
8.79%
(0.692)
5.89%
(0.923)
31.18%
(0.874)
24.66%
(0.826)
25.14%
(0.590)
11.54%
(0.474)
7.49%
(0.738)
22.17%
(0.679)
23.60%
(0.708)
28.42%
(0.524)
17.11%
(0.429)
8.70%
(0.536)
(0.552)
(0.592)
(0.503)
(0.382)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
28.22%
24.92%
25.59%
13.35%
7.92%
(0.430)
36.91%
(0.414)
36.59%
(0.420)
18.04%
(0.325)
5.54%
(0.261)
2.92%
(1.103)
(1.090)
(0.839)
(0.515)
(0.395)
127
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Showing you are proud of your
cultural heritage.
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
29.06%
25.37%
25.12%
12.83%
7.61%
(0.414)
(0.397)
(0.398)
(0.306)
(0.246)
34.72%
42.47%
16.63%
4.37%
1.81%
(1.610)
(1.658)
(1.194)
(0.670)
(0.459)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
28.63%
25.66%
25.42%
12.99%
7.31%
(0.429)
(0.414)
(0.414)
(0.319)
(0.249)
35.00%
32.73%
18.54%
7.26%
6.47%
(1.146)
(1.121)
(0.927)
(0.621)
(0.609)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
26.06%
26.07%
26.20%
13.96%
7.71%
(0.441)
(0.442)
(0.449)
(0.361)
(0.277)
35.42%
27.50%
21.57%
9.20%
6.31%
(0.792)
(0.738)
(0.690)
(0.482)
(0.410)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
31.39%
29.37%
23.06%
10.27%
5.92%
(1.230)
29.17%
(0.424)
Extremely
important
29.07%
(0.413)
35.43%
(2.393)
32.79%
(2.183)
(1.201)
26.16%
(0.409)
Very
important
26.78%
(0.405)
20.04%
(1.889)
28.10%
(2.035)
(1.114)
24.74%
(0.404)
Somewhat
important
24.85%
(0.396)
22.16%
(2.008)
19.16%
(1.821)
(0.802)
12.53%
(0.310)
Not too
important
12.32%
(0.302)
13.91%
(1.629)
8.90%
(1.21)
(0.642)
7.40%
(0.248)
Not at all
important
6.98%
(0.236)
8.46%
(1.390)
11.04%
(1.425)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
128
Table A.28 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Contribute to a Better Future for Your
Community) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Contributing to a better future
for your community.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
43.19%
38.18%
15.87%
1.66%
1.10%
(0.438)
(0.429)
(0.326)
(0.116)
(0.100)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
38.99%
39.29%
18.39%
1.94%
1.39%
(0.654)
47.33%
(0.650)
37.08%
(0.515)
13.38%
(0.186)
1.39%
(0.167)
0.82%
(0.583)
(0.564)
(0.399)
(0.140)
(0.111)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
51.96%
36.04%
10.18%
0.94%
0.87%
(1.226)
38.31%
(1.171)
39.83%
(0.760)
18.61%
(0.248)
2.01%
(0.270)
1.24%
(0.527)
61.08%
(0.529)
30.25%
(0.423)
7.34%
(0.156)
0.75%
(0.129)
0.58%
(1.304)
(1.231)
(0.703)
(0.223)
(0.219)
43.63%
38.88%
15.10%
1.55%
0.83%
(1.873)
43.52%
(1.813)
40.65%
(1.413)
13.70%
(0.541)
0.83%
(0.315)
1.31%
(2.226)
(2.237)
(1.511)
(0.348)
(0.482)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
51.86%
32.58%
13.50%
1.54%
0.53%
(1.216)
(1.139)
(0.840)
(0.307)
(0.177)
47.77%
35.45%
14.21%
1.34%
1.24%
(1.206)
(1.155)
(0.868)
(0.279)
(0.301)
41.70%
39.66%
16.05%
1.66%
0.93%
(0.658)
(0.661)
(0.503)
(0.186)
(0.143)
36.18%
41.75%
18.40%
1.98%
1.70%
(0.703)
(0.726)
(0.577)
(0.206)
(0.220)
129
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Contributing to a better future
for your community.
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
39.60%
41.44%
14.69%
2.26%
2.00%
(1.557)
39.71%
(1.560)
38.30%
(1.136)
18.33%
(0.477)
2.24%
(0.450)
1.43%
(0.963)
43.35%
(0.948)
37.50%
(0.759)
16.41%
(0.295)
1.74%
(0.239)
1.00%
(0.798)
46.60%
(0.774)
37.71%
(0.589)
14.00%
(0.205)
1.00%
(0.171)
0.68%
(0.654)
(0.635)
(0.459)
(0.126)
(0.116)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
42.24%
38.08%
16.73%
1.81%
1.14%
(0.474)
48.91%
(0.466)
38.75%
(0.362)
10.70%
(0.131)
0.79%
(0.111)
0.85%
(1.133)
(1.099)
(0.690)
(0.201)
(0.219)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
43.10%
37.85%
16.23%
1.69%
1.13%
(0.454)
(0.444)
(0.342)
(0.121)
(0.105)
44.41%
42.45%
11.17%
1.25%
0.73%
(1.669)
(1.655)
(1.003)
(0.403)
(0.321)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
44.51%
37.81%
15.44%
1.45%
0.79%
(0.473)
(0.461)
(0.347)
(0.116)
(0.093)
34.47%
40.59%
18.70%
3.07%
3.17%
(1.140)
(1.174)
(0.936)
(0.436)
(0.442)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
40.36%
39.91%
17.08%
1.62%
1.04%
(0.497)
(0.499)
(0.390)
(0.131)
(0.117)
48.16%
35.15%
13.74%
1.74%
1.21%
(0.831)
(0.793)
(0.580)
(0.222)
(0.184)
130
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Contributing to a better future
for your community.
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
49.07%
36.18%
13.46%
0.96%
0.34%
(1.324)
42.29%
(1.274)
38.48%
(0.921)
16.24%
(0.259)
1.77%
(0.157)
1.22%
(0.462)
Extremely
important
42.91%
(0.454)
53.08%
(2.444)
40.62%
(2.235)
(0.455)
Very
important
38.41%
(0.445)
33.65%
(2.335)
36.97%
(2.226)
(0.348)
Somewhat
important
16.13%
(0.341)
11.19%
(1.451)
14.19%
(1.509)
(0.128)
Not too
important
1.57%
(0.116)
1.45%
(0.656)
3.75%
(0.937)
(0.113)
Not at all
important
0.97%
(0.095)
0.62%
(0.364)
4.48%
(1.079)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.29 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Fulfill Civic Duty) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Fulfilling your civic duty (for
example, voting, jury duty, paying taxes).
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
43.18%
38.45%
14.46%
2.26%
1.65%
(0.437)
(0.431)
(0.324)
(0.139)
(0.121)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
41.40%
38.93%
15.44%
2.45%
1.78%
(0.657)
44.93%
(0.649)
37.98%
(0.497)
13.49%
(0.213)
2.07%
(0.189)
1.52%
(0.580)
(0.568)
(0.417)
(0.179)
(0.153)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
47.35%
38.08%
12.03%
1.34%
1.19%
(1.225)
41.00%
(1.190)
39.57%
(0.803)
15.20%
(0.260)
2.43%
(0.307)
1.81%
(0.529)
52.43%
(0.529)
32.97%
(0.406)
11.07%
(0.175)
2.08%
(0.154)
1.45%
(1.334)
(1.256)
(0.874)
(0.450)
(0.345)
131
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Fulfilling your civic duty (for
example, voting, jury duty, paying taxes).
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
38.41%
40.82%
17.00%
3.01%
0.75%
(1.840)
43.49%
(1.846)
34.20%
(1.446)
18.13%
(0.595)
2.22%
(0.288)
1.96%
(2.230)
(2.106)
(1.841)
(0.695)
(0.608)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
41.54%
34.45%
18.81%
3.46%
1.74%
(1.199)
(1.149)
(0.960)
(0.454)
(0.343)
41.94%
37.84%
16.59%
1.96%
1.67%
(1.190)
(1.171)
(0.917)
(0.328)
(0.324)
43.24%
39.53%
13.67%
2.14%
1.41%
(0.664)
(0.660)
(0.474)
(0.205)
(0.171)
45.10%
40.08%
11.11%
1.77%
1.93%
(0.730)
(0.725)
(0.471)
(0.208)
(0.224)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
36.13%
40.47%
17.43%
2.86%
3.12%
(1.527)
41.36%
(1.554)
38.35%
(1.231)
15.05%
(0.511)
2.83%
(0.550)
2.41%
(0.965)
42.91%
(0.949)
38.14%
(0.722)
15.07%
(0.346)
2.26%
(0.307)
1.62%
(0.791)
46.85%
(0.781)
38.20%
(0.594)
12.58%
(0.250)
1.67%
(0.212)
0.69%
(0.654)
(0.637)
(0.447)
(0.171)
(0.112)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
42.79%
38.15%
14.94%
2.35%
1.77%
(0.474)
45.55%
(0.467)
40.29%
(0.358)
11.55%
(0.156)
1.69%
(0.137)
0.92%
(1.129)
(1.113)
(0.714)
(0.265)
(0.208)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
43.45%
38.04%
14.54%
2.28%
1.70%
(0.454)
(0.446)
(0.337)
(0.146)
(0.128)
39.71%
43.85%
13.39%
2.00%
1.04%
132
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? Fulfilling your civic duty (for
example, voting, jury duty, paying taxes).
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
(1.642)
(1.664)
(1.137)
(0.417)
(0.335)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
44.06%
38.25%
14.30%
2.10%
1.29%
(0.472)
(0.463)
(0.346)
(0.145)
(0.118)
37.35%
39.78%
15.50%
3.32%
4.05%
(1.146)
(1.172)
(0.916)
(0.448)
(0.492)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
43.41%
39.74%
13.65%
1.82%
1.38%
(0.502)
(0.499)
(0.365)
(0.140)
(0.129)
42.78%
36.20%
15.87%
3.03%
2.12%
(0.822)
(0.799)
(0.620)
(0.293)
(0.245)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
42.44%
37.96%
15.7%
2.13%
1.77%
(1.307)
43.29%
(1.283)
38.53%
(0.984)
14.27%
(0.382)
2.28%
(0.366)
1.63%
(0.463)
Extremely
important
43.44%
(0.454)
43.24%
(2.429)
37.44%
(2.188)
(0.456)
Very
important
38.69%
(0.447)
35.57%
(2.292)
35.71%
(2.195)
(0.342)
Somewhat
important
14.22%
(0.334)
15.73%
(1.848)
18.56%
(1.801)
(0.149)
Not too
important
2.17%
(0.14)
3.60%
(1.027)
3.02%
(0.848)
(0.128)
Not at all
important
1.48%
(0.117)
1.86%
(0.751)
5.28%
(1.126)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.30 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Enforce Civil Rights Laws) by Group
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? That civil rights laws are
enforced.
Total Population
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
53.07%
32.51%
11.01%
1.99%
1.42%
(0.441)
(0.414)
(0.282)
(0.124)
(0.108)
133
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? That civil rights laws are
enforced.
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
49.58%
32.63%
12.98%
2.61%
2.19%
(0.667)
56.49%
(0.622)
32.38%
(0.451)
9.08%
(0.209)
1.38%
(0.198)
0.67%
(0.580)
(0.548)
(0.340)
(0.136)
(0.087)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
59.09%
31.62%
7.88%
0.54%
0.88%
(1.209)
48.00%
(1.144)
34.94%
(0.679)
12.81%
(0.153)
2.54%
(0.242)
1.71%
(0.541)
74.15%
(0.514)
20.34%
(0.366)
3.98%
(0.170)
1.05%
(0.144)
0.48%
(1.206)
(1.102)
(0.582)
(0.297)
(0.180)
53.56%
33.07%
11.90%
0.64%
0.84%
(1.879)
56.22%
(1.764)
29.66%
(1.229)
10.87%
(0.221)
1.45%
(0.385)
1.79%
(2.241)
(2.074)
(1.445)
(0.483)
(0.549)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
58.47%
28.90%
10.31%
1.84%
0.48%
(1.203)
(1.105)
(0.763)
(0.337)
(0.180)
58.01%
29.25%
10.35%
1.20%
1.19%
(1.197)
(1.100)
(0.762)
(0.271)
(0.267)
52.45%
33.09%
10.81%
2.12%
1.54%
(0.673)
(0.638)
(0.422)
(0.202)
(0.185)
46.81%
36.38%
12.28%
2.44%
2.09%
(0.733)
(0.707)
(0.496)
(0.224)
(0.220)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
46.98%
37.06%
11.80%
2.18%
1.97%
(1.588)
47.16%
(1.525)
36.86%
(1.024)
12.40%
(0.477)
1.86%
(0.458)
1.72%
(0.980)
54.30%
(0.936)
30.86%
(0.657)
11.39%
(0.269)
2.01%
(0.257)
1.43%
134
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? That civil rights laws are
enforced.
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
(0.797)
57.97%
(0.737)
29.54%
(0.509)
9.45%
(0.222)
2.01%
(0.186)
1.04%
(0.648)
(0.597)
(0.389)
(0.184)
(0.135)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
52.62%
32.16%
11.53%
2.21%
1.49%
(0.479)
55.76%
(0.448)
34.57%
(0.313)
7.93%
(0.142)
0.71%
(0.118)
1.05%
(1.127)
(1.083)
(0.610)
(0.165)
(0.253)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
53.40%
31.91%
11.11%
2.09%
1.49%
(0.457)
(0.427)
(0.294)
(0.133)
(0.114)
48.63%
40.36%
9.69%
0.70%
0.62%
(1.674)
(1.647)
(0.998)
(0.220)
(0.288)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
54.46%
31.91%
10.64%
1.82%
1.18%
(0.475)
(0.444)
(0.300)
(0.128)
(0.106)
43.85%
36.47%
13.48%
3.16%
3.04%
(1.191)
(1.149)
(0.824)
(0.421)
(0.424)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
50.05%
33.89%
12.13%
2.27%
1.67%
(0.509)
(0.481)
(0.344)
(0.154)
(0.142)
58.36%
30.08%
9.06%
1.51%
0.99%
(0.823)
(0.766)
(0.488)
(0.210)
(0.162)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
56.71%
31.93%
9.07%
1.38%
0.92%
(1.315)
52.51%
(1.239)
32.59%
(0.777)
11.31%
(0.303)
2.09%
(0.261)
1.50%
(0.468)
(0.438)
(0.303)
(0.136)
(0.118)
135
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally? That civil rights laws are
enforced.
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sexual Orientation
important
important
important
important important
52.51%
32.95%
11.13%
2.04%
1.37%
Straight
(0.458)
(0.431)
(0.295)
(0.131)
(0.109)
71.26%
21.06%
5.81%
0.81%
1.07%
Sexual Minority
(2.184)
(1.990)
(1.039)
(0.448)
(0.470)
49.18%
32.86%
12.99%
1.95%
3.02%
Don’t know/
Something else
(2.289)
(2.139)
(1.555)
(0.530)
(0.811)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.31 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Determine How Many Elected
Representatives) by Group
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Determining how many elected representatives your state
has in Congress.
Total Population
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
36.68%
35.43%
20.57%
4.74%
2.59%
(0.422)
(0.422)
(0.370)
(0.207)
(0.156)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.27%
35.62%
19.48%
5.08%
2.55%
(0.637)
36.09%
(0.637)
35.26%
(0.545)
21.64%
(0.327)
4.39%
(0.232)
2.62%
(0.555)
(0.555)
(0.499)
(0.257)
(0.208)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
34.34%
40.28%
19.43%
3.68%
2.26%
(1.147)
36.94%
(1.211)
34.33%
(0.973)
21.31%
(0.463)
4.88%
(0.404)
2.54%
(0.516)
40.56%
(0.509)
35.77%
(0.460)
16.13%
(0.260)
4.36%
(0.185)
3.18%
(1.290)
(1.281)
(1.000)
(0.610)
(0.538)
27.45%
38.92%
25.84%
6.43%
1.37%
(1.646)
36.86%
(1.826)
34.01%
(1.685)
19.82%
(1.020)
5.25%
(0.468)
4.06%
(2.138)
(2.087)
(1.908)
(1.123)
(1.024)
136
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Determining how many elected representatives your state
has in Congress.
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
31.90%
31.07%
26.44%
7.49%
3.11%
(1.122)
(1.114)
(1.084)
(0.679)
(0.462)
33.85%
33.24%
23.72%
6.12%
3.07%
(1.134)
(1.137)
(1.027)
(0.626)
(0.442)
37.54%
37.21%
19.18%
3.77%
2.31%
(0.647)
(0.651)
(0.540)
(0.264)
(0.221)
40.69%
37.31%
16.36%
3.32%
2.31%
(0.716)
(0.713)
(0.564)
(0.279)
(0.245)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
27.09%
37.68%
25.36%
5.63%
4.24%
(1.400)
29.20%
(1.535)
35.88%
(1.395)
24.29%
(0.735)
7.20%
(0.686)
3.43%
(0.888)
36.86%
(0.926)
34.54%
(0.854)
21.02%
(0.559)
4.59%
(0.378)
2.99%
(0.769)
44.71%
(0.760)
35.25%
(0.669)
16.07%
(0.359)
2.85%
(0.293)
1.11%
(0.651)
(0.628)
(0.490)
(0.225)
(0.140)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.57%
34.42%
20.50%
4.79%
2.72%
(0.460)
31.36%
(0.454)
41.52%
(0.403)
20.96%
(0.228)
4.38%
(0.175)
1.79%
(1.037)
(1.121)
(0.923)
(0.488)
(0.283)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
37.53%
34.63%
20.47%
4.70%
2.66%
(0.440)
(0.434)
(0.384)
(0.215)
(0.164)
25.46%
45.92%
21.80%
5.20%
1.62%
(1.434)
(1.675)
(1.347)
(0.794)
(0.442)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
137
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Determining how many elected representatives your state
has in Congress.
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
Sexual Orientation
Straight
Sexual Minority
Don’t know/
Something else
37.81%
35.13%
20.30%
4.56%
2.20%
(0.457)
(0.454)
(0.397)
(0.221)
(0.155)
29.20%
37.43%
22.32%
5.89%
5.16%
(1.078)
(1.150)
(1.016)
(0.591)
(0.594)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
38.16%
36.36%
19.08%
4.36%
2.05%
(0.488)
(0.489)
(0.413)
(0.235)
(0.158)
34.09%
33.81%
23.17%
5.40%
3.53%
(0.784)
(0.782)
(0.713)
(0.394)
(0.326)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
33.25%
33.25%
24.95%
5.42%
3.13%
(1.235)
37.20%
(1.241)
35.77%
(1.155)
19.89%
(0.652)
4.63%
(0.501)
2.50%
(0.448)
Extremely
important
36.40%
(0.437)
48.45%
(2.440)
32.37%
(2.078)
(0.448)
Very
important
35.85%
(0.438)
26.02%
(2.103)
34.65%
(2.203)
(0.387)
Somewhat
important
20.64%
(0.383)
17.92%
(2.019)
21.39%
(1.897)
(0.217)
Not too
important
4.8%
(0.218)
3.49%
(0.942)
4.44%
(0.946)
(0.162)
Not at all
important
2.32%
(0.151)
4.12%
(1.157)
7.15%
(1.28)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
Table A.32 Differences in Individual-Choice Motivator (Provide Information for Local
Government to Plan for Changes in Community) by Group
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Providing information for your local government to plan for
changes in your community.
Total Population
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
34.37%
41.20%
20.03%
2.82%
1.58%
(0.418)
(0.435)
(0.363)
(0.153)
(0.123)
138
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Providing information for your local government to plan for
changes in your community.
Sex
Male
Female
Race/Hispanic Origin
Hispanic of any race or no
race
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black or
African American
Non-Hispanic Asian
Non-Hispanic small-sample
races
Age
18-34
35-44
45-64
65+
Education
Less than a high school
diploma
High school graduates, no
college
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
31.86%
41.48%
21.36%
3.34%
1.96%
(0.620)
36.84%
(0.657)
40.93%
(0.553)
18.73%
(0.247)
2.30%
(0.203)
1.21%
(0.560)
(0.573)
(0.472)
(0.180)
(0.140)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
38.73%
42.40%
15.71%
1.90%
1.26%
(1.184)
31.38%
(1.214)
41.71%
(0.917)
22.09%
(0.323)
3.10%
(0.330)
1.72%
(0.499)
48.16%
(0.532)
36.27%
(0.459)
12.31%
(0.195)
1.99%
(0.153)
1.27%
(1.330)
(1.275)
(0.907)
(0.417)
(0.364)
30.20%
44.27%
21.32%
3.69%
0.52%
(1.716)
33.26%
(1.871)
40.57%
(1.576)
21.24%
(0.728)
2.56%
(0.224)
2.39%
(2.069)
(2.199)
(1.979)
(0.773)
(0.697)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
33.74%
39.16%
21.95%
3.58%
1.58%
(1.149)
(1.182)
(1.017)
(0.460)
(0.340)
36.31%
38.75%
20.93%
2.19%
1.81%
(1.150)
(1.174)
(1.012)
(0.360)
(0.363)
35.01%
42.16%
18.97%
2.55%
1.31%
(0.637)
(0.665)
(0.536)
(0.228)
(0.164)
32.52%
42.84%
19.70%
3.10%
1.85%
(0.680)
(0.729)
(0.599)
(0.261)
(0.226)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
28.87%
41.54%
23.50%
3.78%
2.30%
(1.441)
30.80%
(1.561)
40.84%
(1.361)
22.35%
(0.590)
3.75%
(0.514)
2.27%
(0.908)
35.17%
(0.959)
39.65%
(0.823)
20.62%
(0.388)
2.84%
(0.323)
1.72%
139
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Providing information for your local government to plan for
changes in your community.
Some college or associate
degree
Bachelor’s degree or
higher
Birthplace
Born in the United States
Born outside the United
States
English Proficiency
English proficient
Not English proficient
Internet Proficiency
Internet proficient
Not internet proficient
Homeowners v. Renters
Homeowners
Renters
Children in Household
Household with children
under 6 years old
Household without
children under 6 years old
(0.763)
37.85%
(0.785)
42.76%
(0.660)
16.80%
(0.266)
1.84%
(0.215)
0.74%
(0.634)
(0.649)
(0.501)
(0.178)
(0.118)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
34.16%
40.42%
20.79%
2.93%
1.70%
(0.453)
35.61%
(0.471)
45.91%
(0.400)
15.49%
(0.170)
2.10%
(0.139)
0.89%
(1.081)
(1.131)
(0.822)
(0.309)
(0.206)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
34.77%
40.62%
20.18%
2.84%
1.60%
(0.434)
(0.450)
(0.378)
(0.159)
(0.128)
29.18%
48.85%
18.04%
2.55%
1.37%
(1.508)
(1.676)
(1.275)
(0.545)
(0.439)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
35.45%
41.34%
19.42%
2.47%
1.31%
(0.452)
(0.469)
(0.388)
(0.155)
(0.121)
27.24%
40.30%
24.04%
5.08%
3.35%
(1.070)
(1.169)
(1.027)
(0.543)
(0.487)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
33.39%
42.11%
20.37%
2.70%
1.42%
(0.473)
(0.503)
(0.424)
(0.174)
(0.136)
36.08%
39.61%
19.43%
3.02%
1.86%
(0.797)
(0.812)
(0.669)
(0.289)
(0.241)
Extremely
important
Very
important
Somewhat
important
Not too
important
Not at all
important
36.26%
40.41%
19.31%
2.59%
1.43%
(1.268)
34.08%
(1.296)
41.32%
(1.070)
20.14%
(0.410)
2.85%
(0.360)
1.60%
(0.441)
(0.461)
(0.385)
(0.164)
(0.131)
140
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is
each of these uses to you personally? Providing information for your local government to plan for
changes in your community.
Extremely
Very
Somewhat
Not too
Not at all
Sexual Orientation
important
important
important
important
important
34.26%
41.55%
20.17%
2.63%
1.38%
Straight
(0.433)
(0.452)
(0.377)
(0.153)
(0.118)
44.90%
33.12%
17.83%
3.25%
0.91%
Sexual Minority
(2.426)
(2.269)
(2.020)
(0.884)
(0.460)
Don’t know/
27.41%
40.72%
18.91%
6.40%
6.56%
Something else
(2.003)
(2.247)
(1.766)
(1.163)
(1.298)
Source: 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS)
141
Appendix B: Additional Weighting Specifications, Weighting Targets,
Nonresponse Analysis
Base Weights
Base weights were defined as the inverse of the probability of selection for each case. The
𝑛
probability of selection was calculated as 𝑁ℎ , where 𝑛ℎ was the size of the sample drawn for
ℎ
strata h and 𝑁ℎ was the total number of households in strata h. The base weight was the
𝑁
inverse of the probability of selection, 𝑛 ℎ. In order to estimate base weights from the Public use
ℎ
Microdata Sample dataset, mean base weights were calculated within each strata.
Nonresponse Weight Adjustment
There was also a nonresponse adjustment to account for varying response rates across strata.
Respondents and nonrespondents were categorized into nonresponse adjustment cells within
∑ 𝑤𝑐
each strata. The nonresponse adjustment factors were calculated as ∑ 𝑤
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝,𝑐
, where the
numerator was the sum of the base weights of all sampled records in a particular cell, c, and the
denominator was the sum of the base weights of all responding records in that cell. The
nonresponse-adjusted weight was the product of the base weight and the nonresponse
adjustment:
∑ 𝑤𝑐
𝑁ℎ
∗
𝑛ℎ ∑ 𝑤𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝,𝑐
The weights above were the input weight for the third step in the weighting process, poststratification weighting using iterative proportional fitting (i.e., raking. The combinations and
levels of variables used in the raking procedure can be found in table B1 and B2 below.
Table B1: 2020 CBAMS Weighting Targets, Weighted and Unweighted Responses
Weight Class
Category
18-34
35-44
Gender X Age
Male
45-64
65-99
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
5.40%
(0.172)
5.45%
(0.173)
18.47%
(0.295)
15.50%
(0.275)
Weighted
Absolute
2020
Weighting Difference:
CBAMS
Targets
Unweighted
Distribution
vs Target
8.45%
8.95%
3.55%
(0.301)
8.32%
8.51%
3.06%
(0.294)
20.29%
20.15%
1.68%
(0.362)
12.53%
12.41%
3.09%
(0.260)
142
Weight Class
Category
18-34
35-44
Female
45-64
65-99
Less than a high
school diploma
Male
High school
graduates, no
college
Some college or
associate degree
Bachelor’s
degree or higher
Gender X
Education
Less than a high
school diploma
High school
graduates, no
Female college
Some college or
associate degree
Bachelor’s
degree or higher
Whites
alone
Race2 X
Education
NonWhites
Age X
Education
18-34
College educated
Non-college
educated
College educated
Non-college
educated
College educated
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
7.78%
(0.204)
7.77%
(0.204)
Weighted
Absolute
2020
Weighting Difference:
CBAMS
Targets
Unweighted
Distribution
vs Target
9.80%
9.74%
1.96%
(0.290)
8.76%
8.70%
0.93%
(0.258)
22.00%
(0.315)
17.62%
(0.290)
3.10%
(0.132)
7.81%
19.00%
(0.315)
12.84%
(0.248)
5.24%
(0.241)
11.87%
(0.204)
(0.336)
13.07%
(0.256)
20.85%
(0.309)
4.14%
(0.152)
14.56%
(0.329)
17.93%
(0.309)
5.20%
(0.208)
12.21%
12.33%
(0.249)
(0.284)
17.57%
(0.289)
21.25%
(0.311)
29.38%
(0.346)
36.89%
16.52%
(0.319)
16.35%
(0.283)
25.66%
(0.349)
42.27%
(0.367)
12.72%
(0.253)
21.01%
(0.310)
7.37%
(0.434)
8.62%
(0.202)
23.45%
(0.357)
7.05%
(0.199)
(0.213)
18.82%
3.18%
12.72%
4.90%
5.41%
2.31%
12.29%
4.48%
14.55%
1.48%
17.76%
3.09%
5.20%
1.06%
12.22%
0.01%
16.38%
1.19%
16.19%
5.06%
25.43%
3.95%
42.54%
5.65%
8.51%
4.21%
23.51%
2.50%
6.98%
0.39%
143
Weight Class
Category
Non-college
educated
College educated
35-44
Non-college
educated
College educated
45-64
Non-college
educated
College educated
65-99
Non-college
educated
Hispanic of any
race
Non-Hispanic
White alone
Race and
Hispanic origin
Non-Hispanic
Black alone
Non-Hispanic
Others
White
male
Gender X Race
X Education
Nonwhite
male
White
female
College educated
Non-college
educated
College educated
Non-college
educated
College educated
Non-college
educated
College educated
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
5.81%
(0.178)
7.20%
(0.197)
Weighted
Absolute
2020
Weighting Difference:
CBAMS
Targets
Unweighted
Distribution
vs Target
11.21%
11.71%
5.90%
(0.353)
6.83%
6.77%
0.43%
(0.209)
6.02%
(0.181)
16.26%
(0.281)
24.21%
(0.326)
11.27%
(0.241)
21.85%
(0.314)
10.26%
(0.326)
13.07%
(0.259)
26.21%
(0.389)
7.33%
(0.179)
18.04%
(0.305)
13.15%
(0.257)
66.27%
(0.360)
12.92%
(0.279)
67.93%
(0.374)
10.68%
(0.235)
9.91%
(0.227)
15.00%
(0.272)
15.49%
(0.275)
5.84%
(0.178)
12.04%
(0.271)
7.11%
(0.199)
13.59%
(0.277)
20.93%
(0.400)
4.34%
(0.153)
8.49%
(0.212)
14.37%
(0.267)
21.40%
(0.312)
6.88%
10.74%
(0.299)
12.07%
(0.251)
21.34%
(0.355)
4.28%
10.44%
4.42%
12.95%
3.31%
26.02%
1.81%
7.25%
4.02%
17.88%
3.97%
12.92%
0.23%
67.97%
1.70%
12.07%
1.39%
7.04%
2.87%
13.47%
1.53%
21.37%
5.88%
4.29%
1.55%
10.89%
2.40%
11.96%
2.41%
21.17%
0.23%
4.23%
2.65%
144
Weight Class
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
Category
Nonwhite
female
(0.193)
12.52%
(0.252)
12.04%
(0.248)
5.64%
(0.175)
15.96%
(0.279)
Non-college
educated
White
NE
Non-White
White
MW
4.42%
(0.156)
14.29%
(0.266)
4.38%
(0.182)
13.53%
(0.299)
10.13%
(0.230)
23.98%
(0.325)
5.98%
(0.180)
8.87%
(0.235)
23.92%
(0.371)
6.95%
(0.223)
7.56%
6.80%
(0.201)
(0.210)
Homeowner
72.79%
(0.339)
Rented/Occupied
without payment
27.21%
(0.339)
Non-White
Region X Race
(for South:
Region X Race)
White
W
Non-White
Non-Hispanic
White alone
S
Non-Hispanic
Black alone
Hispanic of any
race and NonHispanic Others
Rent vs.
Homeowner
Weighted
Absolute
2020
Weighting Difference:
CBAMS
Targets
Unweighted
Distribution
vs Target
(0.137)
12.71%
12.62%
0.10%
(0.274)
12.58%
12.62%
0.58%
(0.294)
5.07%
5.04%
0.60%
(0.184)
17.90%
17.90%
1.94%
(0.342)
4.36%
0.06%
13.56%
0.73%
8.84%
1.29%
23.89%
0.09%
6.98%
1.00%
6.80%
0.76%
63.67%
(0.445)
63.19%
9.60%
36.33%
(0.445)
36.81%
9.60%
Source: Unweighted and Weighted estimates are from 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) and Weighting Targets are from ACS
2016
2020 CBAMS Nonresponse Analysis
Additional Tests
Nativity
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
Weighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
83.72%
85.71%
U.S. Born
(0.281)
(0.294)
Foreign born
16.28%
14.29%
Category
Weighting
Targets
Absolute
Difference:
Unweighted
vs Target
85.02%
1.30%
14.98%
1.30%
145
Additional Tests
Marital status
Category
Married
Not Married
Very well
Language proficiency
Well
Not well
Children under six in
the household
Not at all
Presence of
related children
under age 6 only
No children
under age 6
Unweighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
Weighted
2020
CBAMS
Distribution
(0.281)
(0.294)
54.33%
52.06%
(0.379)
(0.441)
45.67%
47.94%
(0.379)
(0.441)
63.52%
62.73%
(0.810)
(0.979)
23.04%
22.96%
(0.708)
(0.861)
11.83%
12.55%
(0.543)
(0.673)
1.61%
1.76%
(0.212)
(0.256)
11.02%
13.31%
(0.238)
(0.324)
88.98%
86.69%
(0.238)
(0.324)
Weighting
Targets
Absolute
Difference:
Unweighted
vs Target
50.03%
4.30%
49.97%
4.30%
56.11%
7.41%
21.65%
1.39%
16.24%
4.41%
6.00%
4.39%
6.80%
4.23%
93.20%
4.23%
Source: Unweighted and Weighted estimates are from 2020 CBAMS Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) and Weighting Targets are from ACS
2016
146
Appendix C: Acronyms and Abbreviations
ANES
American National Election Studies
CBAMS
Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators
CCTS
Census Continuing Tracking Survey
CRAT
Communications Research and Analytics Team
CSM
Center for Survey Measurement
DMA
Designated Market Areas
DRB
Disclosure Review Board
DSSD
Decennial Statistical Studies Division
DTB
Decennial Translation Branch
IPC
Integrated Partnership and Communications
MAF
Master Address File
NH
Non-Hispanic
NPC
National Processing Center
OSREG
Asian and Other Small Race/Ethnicity Groups
PDB
Planning Database
PUMS
Public Use Microdata Sample
RR3
Response Rate
TEA 1
Type of Enumeration Area 1
Y&R
Young and Rubicam
147
Appendix D: Web Survey Instrument
Page Title: Autocode
Section Code Answer Order (QORDER)
## THIS QUESTION WILL RANDOMLY ASSIGN PARTICIPANTS TO SEE UNIPOLAR SCALES IN THE ORDER
THEY ARE WRITTEN IN THESE REQUIREMENTS (CHOICE 1 TO CHOICE 5), OR TO SEE THEM IN REVERSE
ORDER (CHOICE 5 TO CHOICE 1) ##
1) ## WRITTEN ## Show unipolar scales as they are written
2) ## REVERSE ## Show unipolar scales in reverse order
## HEADER TO BE DISPLAYED ON EVERY PAGE AFTER WELCOME PAGE##
## ENGLISH ##
AN OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
Unites States Census Bureau Logo
2020 Census Planning Survey
English | Español | Logout
## SPANISH ##
UN SITIO WEB OFICIAL DEL GOBIERNO DE LOS EE.UU.
United States Census Bureau Logo
Encuesta de Planificación del Censo del 2020
English | Español | Salir
## FOOTER TO BE DISPLAYED ON EVERY PAGE ##
## ENGLISH ##
OMB No.: 0607-0978 Approval Expires: 08/31/2020
Accessibility – Linked to webpage https://www.census.gov/about/policies/privacy/privacypolicy.html#par_textimage_1 with the following language:
The Census Bureau is committed to making online forms and other public documents on its Internet
server accessible to all. Currently, we are reviewing our web sites and making modifications to those
pages, which are not in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. We use Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) to create pages that are generally accessible to persons using screen-reading devices,
and we are careful in our construction of HTML documents to ensure maximum accessibility. We include
alternate text describing graphics.
Many Census Bureau Internet documents are in ASCII or HTML formats. These documents are accessible
to persons using screen-reading software. We also have a large number of documents in Adobe Acrobat
PDF (Portable Document Format) files. Currently, many people using screen-reading devices cannot read
documents in PDF format, specifically those that were created from a scanned hard copy.
Adobe Systems, Inc. is producing various products designed to make Adobe Acrobat documents
accessible to persons using screen-reading software. Adobe's accessibility web pages describe their
efforts.
To allow us to better serve those with visual disabilities who are having difficulty accessing PDF
documents; you may contact us directly for further assistance at 301-763-INFO (4636), 800-923-8282, or
by submitting a request at ask.census.gov.
148
Privacy – Linked to webpage https://www.census.gov/privacy/ with the following language:
We are committed to handling your information responsibly. Your information is kept confidential. This
commitment applies to the individuals, households, and businesses that answer our surveys, and to
those browsing our website.
Security – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
Data are Encrypted at all Times
Our secure servers use Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS) to ensure the
encrypted transmission of data between your browser and the U.S. Census Bureau. This means that
instead of sending readable text over the Internet, both your browser and our servers encode
(scramble) all text using a security key. That way, personal data sent to your browser and data you send
back are extremely difficult to decode in the unlikely event of interception by an unauthorized party. As
a result of this, your browser must be capable of using the required encryption protocol and strength in
order to connect to our servers. If you cannot connect to our secure servers, please upgrade to a newer
browser.
Third Party Identity Proofing
Our secure servers use a digital certificate (digital ID) issued by a trusted, third party Certificate
Authority (CA) as proof of identity. The only way to be sure of a web site's authenticity is to view their
digital ID. In this way, you can be assured that you are not being "spoofed" or tricked by an imposter.
The digital ID will contain information such as the name of the organization that owns the web site, the
site's registered internet name/address, and the name of the Certification Authority under which the
digital ID was issued. The method for viewing a web site's Digital Certificate/ID varies depending on the
web browser. Please see your browser's "Help" information for instructions on how to verify a web site's
identity.
Burden – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
How long will this survey take?
The Census Bureau estimates that, for the average household, this survey will take about 15 minutes to
complete, including the time for reviewing the instructions and answers.
## SPANISH ##
Núm. de OMB: 0607-0978 Aprobado hasta: 08/31/2020
Accesibilidad – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
Privacidad – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
Seguridad – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
Tiempo y esfuerzo – Linked to webpage [URL] with the following language:
¿Cuánto tiempo va a tomar esta encuesta?
La Oficina del Censo calcula que al hogar típico le tomará como promedio aproximadamente 15 minutos
completar esta encuesta, incluyendo el tiempo que toma repasar las instrucciones y revisar las
respuestas.
/* START PAGE */
149
Page Title: Welcome_Page
Section Welcome Page (display_Welcome)
Welcome! Thank you for participating in this survey sponsored by the U.S. Department of Commerce,
U.S. Census Bureau. This survey is available in another language. Please select the language in which you
prefer to complete the survey.
¡Bienvenido(a)! Gracias por participar en esta encuesta de la Oficina del Censo y el Departamento de
Comercio de los Estados Unidos. Esta encuesta está disponible en otro idioma. Por favor seleccione el
idioma de su preferencia para contestar la encuesta.
1) English
2) Español
Logic:
• Ask this question for all respondents
• Only one response permitted here, and respondents will be able to toggle between languages in
the remaining of the survey
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Login
Section Splash Page (display_Information)
Thank you for participating. Completing this short 15-minute survey will help the U.S. Census Bureau
conduct the next census in 2020. This survey should be completed by the person who typically opens
the mail for your household. This survey is not the census.
Please enter the user ID that
you received in the mail in the
format XXXX-XXXX.
User ID: ___ - ___
If you take a break before
finishing the questionnaire,
your answers will be saved. If
you break for more than 20
minutes, you will need to sign
back in to continue the survey.
Here is some helpful information:
• We will keep your answers confidential.
• You can validate that this survey is a legitimate federally-approved information collection using
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget approval number 0607-0978, expiring on
08/31/2020. Federal agencies may not sponsor surveys without a valid control number.
• To learn more about this survey go to: www.census.gov/plan.
** U.S. Census Bureau Notice and Consent Warning **
150
You are accessing a United States Government computer network. Any information you enter into this
system is confidential. It may be used by the Census Bureau for statistical purposes and to improve the
website. If you want to know more about the use of this system, and how your privacy is protected, visit
our online privacy webpage at http://www.census.gov/about/policies/privacy/privacy-policy.html.
Use of this system indicates your consent to collection, monitoring, recording, and use of the
information that you provide for any lawful government purpose. 1 So that our website remains safe
and available for its intended use, network traffic is monitored to identify unauthorized attempts to
access, upload, change information, or otherwise cause damage to the web service. Use of the
government computer network for unauthorized purposes is a violation of Federal law and can be
punished with fines or imprisonment (PUBLIC LAW 99-474).
Section Splash Page Spanish (display_Information)
Gracias por participar. Completar esta breve encuesta de 15 minutos ayudará a la Oficina del Censo de
los Estados Unidos a realizar el próximo censo en el 2020. Esta encuesta debe ser completada por la
persona que generalmente abre la correspondencia en su hogar. Esta encuesta no es el censo.
Por favor ingrese el número
de usuario que recibió por
correo en la forma XXXXXXXX.
Número de usuario:
___ - ___
Si se toma un descanso
antes de terminar el
cuestionario, sus respuestas
serán guardadas. Si descansa
por más de quince minutos,
tendrá que volver a iniciar sesión para continuar con la encuesta.
A continuación alguna información útil:
• Mantendremos sus respuestas confidenciales.
• Puede validar que esta encuesta es una recopilación de información legítima aprobada por el
gobierno federal utilizando el número de aprobación 0607-0978 de la Oficina de Administración
y Presupuesto de los Estados Unidos, que vence el 08/31/2020. Las agencias federales no
pueden patrocinar encuestas sin un número de control válido.
• Para obtener más información sobre esta encuesta, visite: www.census.gov/plan.
** Aviso de la Oficina del Censo de los EE. UU. y Advertencia sobre el consentimiento **
Usted está accediendo a una red de computación del gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Toda la
información que escriba en este sistema es confidencial. La Oficina del Censo puede usar dicha
información para propósitos estadísticos y para mejorar el sitio web. Si desea conocer más acerca del
uso de este sistema y cómo se protege su privacidad, visite nuestra página web.
El uso de este sistema indica su consentimiento a que recopilemos, monitoreemos, registremos y
usemos la información que usted proporcione para cualquier propósito legal del gobierno. Con el fin de
151
que nuestro sitio web siga siendo seguro y que siga disponible para el uso al que está destinado,
monitoreamos el tráfico en la red para identificar los intentos no autorizados de acceder, subir o
cambiar información, o de dañar de alguna otra manera el servicio del sitio web. El uso de la red de
computación del gobierno para fines no autorizados se trata de una violación de las leyes federales y
puede ser penalizado con multas o encarcelamiento (LEY PÚBLICA 99-474).
Logic:
• Open end numeric
• Limit to 8 characters, display with dash in middle
• If users click “Next” without entering a user ID or enter an invalid user ID, display the following
message (hard edit):
o English: “Invalid user ID. Please re-enter a valid user ID in the format XXXX-XXXX.”
o Spanish: “El número de usuario no es válido. Por favor reingrese un número de usuario
válido de forma XXXX-XXXX.”
• If users enter a user ID that has been used, display the following message (hard edit):
o English: “You have entered a user ID that has already been used. Please enter your 6digit PIN to log back into the survey.
PIN: ______ (Returning users only)
Click here if you do not know your PIN”
o Spanish: “Ha introducido un número de usuario que ya ha sido utilizado. Por favor
introduzca su PIN de 6-dígitos para ingresar nuevamente a la encuesta.
PIN: _____ (Solo para usuarios recurrentes)
Haga clic aquí si usted no sabe su PIN”
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Assign_PIN
Section Assign PIN (assign_PIN)
Please write down the 6-digit PIN number below. You will need it to access the survey if you log out.
PIN: ______
Please select a verification question for your PIN. If you forget your PIN, you will be asked to provide this
response to enter the survey.
Security Question:
Response:
Section Assign PIN Spanish (assign_PIN)
Anote el número de PIN de seis dígitos que se encuentra a continuación. Lo necesitará para entrar
nuevamente a la encuesta si cierra sesión.
PIN: ______
Seleccione una pregunta de verificación para su PIN. En caso de que olvide su PIN, se le pedirá que
proporcione esta respuesta para entrar a la encuesta nuevamente.
Pregunta de seguridad:
Respuesta:
Logic:
• Display page to users who log in and get assigned PIN for the first time
• If users use language toggle while on this page, PIN numbers will be hidden and appear as
below:
o English: “PIN: XXXXXX (hidden for security)”
152
o
Spanish: “PIN: XXXXXX (El número PIN aparece oculto por razones de seguridad)”
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Recovery
Section Recovery (recovery)
Please provide the answer to the following verification question to return to your survey.
Section Recovery Spanish (recovery)
Provea la respuesta a la siguiente pregunta de verificación para regresar a la encuesta.
Logic:
• Display page to users who click on “Click here if you do not know your PIN”
• Display error message (hard edit) if no or incorrect answer is provided
• If security question was not set, display the message:
o English: Security question not set. PIN cannot be reset.
o Spanish: No contestó la pregunta de seguridad. No se puede restablecer el PIN.
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Recovery2
Section Recovery (recovery2)
Your new PIN is:
PIN: XXXXXX
Please log in using your new PIN to access your account.
Return to Login
Section Recovery Spanish (recovery2)
Su nuevo PIN es:
PIN: XXXXXX
Por favor use su nuevo PIN para accesar a su cuenta.
Regresar a Entrar a su cuenta
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Assign_PIN
Section PIN Page (PIN)
Please write down the 6-digit PIN number below. You will need it to access the survey if you log out.
PIN: XXXXXX
153
Please select a verification question for your PIN. If you forget your PIN, you will be asked to provide this
response to enter the survey.
Security Question:
Response:
Section PIN Page Spanish (PIN)
Anote el número de PIN de seis dígitos que se encuentra a continuación. Lo necesitará para entrar
nuevamente a la encuesta si cierra sesión.
PIN: XXXXXX
Seleccione una pregunta de verificación para su PIN. En caso de que olvide su PIN, se le pedirá que
proporcione esta respuesta para entrar a la encuesta nuevamente.
Pregunta de seguridad:
Respuesta:
Logic:
• Display PIN only to respondents who log in for the first time.
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Census_Introduction
Section Display Q1 (display_Q1)
The U.S. census is the count of all the people who live in the United States. It happens every 10 years. It
asks questions such as how many people live in your household, their age, race, and ethnicity. This
survey is not the census. The next census is in 2020.
Section Display Q1 (display_Q1)
El Censo de los EE. UU. es el conteo de todas las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos. Se realiza
cada 10 años. Este pregunta cuántas personas viven en su hogar, su edad, raza, y origen étnico. Esta
encuesta no es el censo. El próximo censo se llevará a cabo en el 2020.
Section Q1 (familiarity)
How familiar are you with the U.S. census? Select only one answer.
1) Extremely familiar
2) Very familiar
3) Somewhat familiar
4) Not too familiar
5) Not at all familiar
Section Q1 Spanish (familiarity)
¿Qué tan familiarizado(a) está con el censo de los Estados Unidos? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente familiarizado(a)
2) Muy familiarizado(a)
3) Algo familiarizado(a)
4) No muy familiarizado(a)
154
5) Nada familiarizado(a)
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q2 (participation1)
If the census were held today, how likely would you be to fill out the census form? Select only one
answer.
1) Extremely likely
2) Very likely
3) Somewhat likely
4) Not too likely
5) Not at all likely
Section Q2 Spanish (participation1)
Si el censo se llevara a cabo hoy, ¿qué tan probable sería que usted llenara el formulario del censo?
Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente probable
Muy probable
Algo probable
No muy probable
Nada probable
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Census_Participation
Section Q3 (participation2)
Thinking about most people you know, if the census were held today how likely would they be to fill out
the census form? Select only one answer.
1) Extremely likely
2) Very likely
3) Somewhat likely
4) Not too likely
5) Not at all likely
Section Q3 Spanish (participation2)
Si el censo se llevara a cabo hoy, ¿qué tan probable sería que la mayoría de las personas que usted
conoce llenaran el formulario del censo? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
155
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente probable
Muy probable
Algo probable
No muy probable
Nada probable
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q4 (participation3)
Based on your past experience or just your best guess, how long do you think it would take you
personally to fill out the 2020 Census? Please enter a number in minutes.
________ minutes
Section Q4 Spanish (participation3)
De acuerdo con su experiencia anterior o simplemente según sus cálculos, ¿cuánto tiempo cree que le
tomaría a usted llenar el Censo del 2020? Anote el número de minutos.
__________ minutos
Logic:
• Open end numeric
• Range: 0 to 500
• If a respondent enters a number that falls outside of the above range, display the following
message (soft edit):
o For English: “Please enter a number between 0 and 500.”
o For Spanish: “Por favor ingrese un número entre 0 y 500.”
Section Q5 (participation4)
How likely are you to encourage someone you know to fill out the 2020 Census form? Select only one
answer.
1) Extremely likely
2) Very likely
3) Somewhat likely
4) Not too likely
5) Not at all likely
Section Q5 Spanish (participation4)
¿Qué tan probable es que usted anime a algún conocido a que llene el formulario del Censo del 2020?
Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente probable
2) Muy probable
3) Algo probable
4) No muy probable
5) Nada probable
156
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Internet_Usage1
Section Q6 (internet1)
About how often do you use the internet? Select only one answer.
1) Almost constantly
2) Several times a day
3) About once a day
4) Several times a week
5) Once a week
6) Less than once a week
7) Never
Section Q6 Spanish (internet1)
Aproximadamente, ¿con qué frecuencia usa usted internet? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Casi constantemente
Varias veces al día
Alrededor de una vez al día
Varias veces a la semana
Una vez a la semana
Menos de una vez a la semana
Nunca
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q7 (internet2)
Which devices do you often use to access the internet? Please select all that apply.
1) Desktop or laptop computer
2) Smartphone (for example an iPhone, Android, Blackberry)
3) Tablet computer (for example an iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Kindle Fire)
4) I don’t use the internet /* EXCLUSIVE */
Section Q7 Spanish (internet2)
¿Qué aparatos usa con mayor frecuencia para acceder a internet? Seleccione todas las que
correspondan.
1) Computadora de escritorio o computadora portátil
157
2) Teléfono inteligente (Smartphone como iPhone, Android, Blackberry)
3) Tableta (como iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Kindle Fire)
4) No uso internet /* EXCLUSIVE */
Logic:
• Multiple responses permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
• If respondents select response 4 (“I don’t use the internet”/ “No uso internet”), other responses
would be grayed out.
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Internet_Usage2
Section Q8 (internet3)
Which of the following comes closest to your view? Select only one answer.
1) I prefer to fill out paper forms instead of online forms
2) I prefer to fill out online forms instead of paper forms
3) I have no preference between completing online or paper forms /* DO NOT ROTATE */
Section Q8 Spanish (internet3)
¿Cuál de las siguientes frases se acerca más a su punto de vista? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Prefiero llenar formularios impresos en vez de formularios por internet
2) Prefiero llenar formularios por internet en vez de formularios impresos
3) No tengo preferencia entre llenar formularios por internet o impresos /* DO NOT ROTATE
*/
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Use_of_Census1
Section Display Q9 (display_Q9)
The following questions are about the 2020 Census in general. There
is no need to look up this information. As you
understand it, will the 2020 Census be used in any of the following ways or not?
Section Display Q9 Spanish (display_Q9)
Las siguientes preguntas son sobre el Censo del 2020 en general. No es necesario que busque esta
información. Según lo que usted entiende, ¿el Censo del 2020 se usará de algunas de las siguientes
maneras o no?
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
158
Section Q9 (use1)
Is the census used to decide how much money communities will get from the government, or is it not
used for this? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q9 Spanish (use1)
¿El censo se usa para decidir cuánto dinero del gobierno recibirán las comunidades, o no se usa para
este fin? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q16 (use8)
Is the census used to determine the rate of unemployment, or is it not used for this? Select only one
answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q16 Spanish (use8)
¿El censo se usa para determinar la tasa de desempleo, o no se usa para este fin? Seleccione solo una
respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q15 (use7)
Does the census count both citizens and non-citizens, or only citizens? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for counting both citizens and non-citizens
2) No, used only for counting citizens
3) Don't know
Section Q15 Spanish (use7)
¿El censo cuenta tanto a los ciudadanos como a quienes no son ciudadanos, o solo a los ciudadanos?
Seleccione solo una respuesta.
159
1) Sí, se usa para contar tanto a los ciudadanos como a quienes no son ciudadanos
2) No, se usa para contar solo a los ciudadanos
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q12 (use4)
Is the census used to determine property taxes, or is it not used for this? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q12 Spanish (use4)
¿El censo se usa para determinar los impuestos a la propiedad, o no se usa para este fin? Seleccione solo
una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
Page Title: Use_of_Census2
Section Q10 (use2)
Is the census used to decide how many representatives each state will have in Congress, or is it not used
for this? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q10 Spanish (use2)
¿El censo se usa para decidir cuántos representantes tendrá cada estado en el Congreso, o no se usa
para este fin? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
160
•
•
Only one response permitted
Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q13 (use5)
Is the census used to help the police and FBI keep track of people who break the law, or is it not used for
this? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q13 Spanish (use5)
¿El censo se usa para ayudar a la policía y al FBI a mantener un registro de las personas que no cumplen
la ley, o no se usa para este fin? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q14 (use6)
Is the census used to locate people living in the country without documentation, or is it not used for this?
Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
Section Q14 Spanish (use6)
¿El censo se usa para ubicar a las personas indocumentadas que viven en el país, o no se usa para este
fin? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q11 (use3)
Is the census used to see what changes have taken place in the size, location, and characteristics of the
people in the United States, or is it not used for this? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, used for this
2) No, not used
3) Don't know
161
Section Q11 Spanish (use3)
¿El censo se usa para ver qué cambios han ocurrido en el tamaño, la ubicación y las características de la
población en los Estados Unidos, o no se usa para este fin? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, se usa para esto
2) No, no se usa para esto
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Legal_Requirements
Section Q17 (legal1)
Does the law require you to answer the census questions, or is this not required by law? Select only one
answer.
1) Yes, required by law
2) No, not required by law
3) Don't know
Section Q17 Spanish (legal1)
¿La ley exige que conteste las preguntas del censo, o no lo exige? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, la ley lo exige
2) No, la ley no lo exige
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q18 (legal2)
Is the Census Bureau required by law to keep information confidential, or is this not required by law?
Select only one answer.
1) Yes, required by law
2) No, not required by law
3) Don't know
Section Q18 Spanish (legal2)
¿La ley exige que la Oficina del Censo mantenga la información confidencial, o no lo exige? Seleccione
solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, la ley lo exige
2) No, la ley no lo exige
162
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q19 (legal3)
Does the U.S. Constitution require that the census be conducted, or is this not something the
Constitution requires? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, Constitution requires
2) No, Constitution does not require
3) Don't know
Section Q19 Spanish (legal3)
¿La Constitución de los Estados Unidos exige que el censo se lleve a cabo, o no es algo que exija la
Constitución? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, la Constitución lo exige
2) No, la Constitución no lo exige
3) No lo sé
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Attitudinal_Motivators1
Section Display before Q20 (display_Q20)
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally?
Section Display before Q20 Spanish (display_Q20)
¿Qué importancia tienen para usted personalmente, si tienen alguna importancia, cada uno de estos
programas y servicios?
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
Section Q20 (a_motivator1)
Daycare for children. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q20 Spanish (a_motivator1)
Guarderías para niños. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente importante
2) Muy importante
163
3) Algo importante
4) No muy importante
5) Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q21 (a_motivator2)
Fire departments. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q21 Spanish (a_motivator2)
Estaciones de bomberos. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q22 (a_motivator3)
Police departments. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q22 Spanish (a_motivator3)
Departamentos de policía. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
164
•
•
•
Only one response permitted
If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q23 (a_motivator4)
Hospitals and healthcare. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q23 Spanish (a_motivator4)
Hospitales y cuidado de salud. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Attitudinal_Motivators2
Section Display before Q24 (display_Q24)
How important, if at all, is each of the following programs and services to you personally?
Section Display before Q24 Spanish (display_Q24)
¿Qué importancia tienen para usted personalmente, si tienen alguna importancia, cada uno de estos
programas y servicios?
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
Section Q24 (a_motivator5)
Job training programs. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
165
Section Q24 Spanish (a_motivator5)
Programas de capacitación laboral. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q25 (a_motivator6)
Roads and highways. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q25 Spanish (a_motivator6)
Carreteras y autopistas. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente importante
2) Muy importante
3) Algo importante
4) No muy importante
5) Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q26 (a_motivator7)
Public transportation. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q26 Spanish (a_motivator7)
Transporte público. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente importante
2) Muy importante
3) Algo importante
166
4) No muy importante
5) Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q27 (a_motivator8)
Schools and the education system. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q27 Spanish (a_motivator8)
Escuelas y el sistema educativo. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Personal_Motivators
Section Display Q28 (display_Q28)
How important, if at all, is each of the following to you personally?
Section Display Q28 Spanish (display_Q28)
¿Qué importancia tienen para usted personalmente, si tienen alguna importancia, cada una de las
siguientes cosas?
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
Section Q28 (p_motivator1)
Showing you are proud of your cultural heritage. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
167
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q28 Spanish (p_motivator1)
Demostrar que está orgulloso(a) de su herencia cultural. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q29 (p_motivator2)
Contributing to a better future for your community. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q29 Spanish (p_motivator2)
Contribuir a un mejor futuro para su comunidad. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q30 (p_motivator3)
Fulfilling your civic duty (for example, voting, jury duty, paying taxes). Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
168
Section Q30 Spanish (p_motivator3)
Cumplir con su deber cívico (por ejemplo, votar, cumplir con el deber de servir en un jurado, pagar
impuestos). Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q31 (p_motivator4)
That civil rights laws are enforced. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q31 Spanish (p_motivator4)
Hacer que se cumplan las leyes de derechos civiles. Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Use_of_Census3
Section Display Q32 (display_Q32)
The following are some ways in which the 2020 Census will be used. How important, if at all, is each of
these uses to you personally?
169
Section Display Q32 Spanish (display_Q32)
A continuación se presentan algunas de las formas en las que se usará el Censo del 2020. ¿Qué
importancia tiene cada uno de estos usos para usted personalmente, si tienen alguna importancia?
/* RANDOM ROTATE SERIES */
Section Q32 (use9)
Determining how many elected representatives your state has in Congress. Select only one answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q32 Spanish (use9)
Determinar cuántos representantes electos tiene su estado en el Congreso. Seleccione solo una
respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q33 (use10)
Providing information for your local government to plan for changes in your community. Select only one
answer.
1) Extremely important
2) Very important
3) Somewhat important
4) Not too important
5) Not at all important
Section Q33 Spanish (use10)
Proporcionar información a su gobierno local para planificar cambios en su comunidad. Seleccione solo
una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente importante
Muy importante
Algo importante
No muy importante
Nada importante
Logic:
170
•
•
•
Only one response permitted
If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END SERIES */
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: All_Motivators
Section Q34 (all_motivators)
Which ONE of the following is the most important reason, to you personally, that you should fill out the
census form? Select only one answer.
1) It helps determine funding for public services in my community, like schools and fire
departments
2) It determines how many elected representatives my state has in Congress
3) It is used to enforce civil rights laws
4) It provides information for my local government to plan for changes in my community
5) It shows that I am proud of my cultural heritage
6) It is my civic duty (along with voting, jury duty, paying taxes)
7) It contributes to a better future for my community
Section Q34 Spanish (all_motivators)
¿CUÁL de las siguientes razones es la más importante para usted personalmente por la que debería
llenar el formulario del censo? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Ayuda a determinar el financiamiento para servicios públicos en mi comunidad, como
escuelas y estaciones de bomberos
2) Determina cuántos representantes electos tiene mi estado en el Congreso
3) Se usa para hacer cumplir las leyes de derechos civiles
4) Proporciona información a mi gobierno local para planificar cambios en mi comunidad
5) Demuestra que estoy orgulloso(a) de mi herencia cultural
6) Es mi deber cívico (como votar, cumplir con el deber de servir en un jurado, pagar
impuestos)
7) Contribuye a un mejor futuro para mi comunidad
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Random rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Trust_in_Government
Section Q35 (trust_federal)
How much of the time do you think you can trust the FEDERAL government to do what is right? Select
only one answer.
171
1)
2)
3)
4)
Just about always
Most of the time
Only some of the time
None of the time
Section Q35 Spanish (trust_federal)
¿Con qué frecuencia puede confiar en que el gobierno FEDERAL hará lo correcto? Seleccione solo una
respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Casi siempre
La mayor parte del tiempo
Solo parte del tiempo
En ningún momento
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q36 (trust_state)
How much of the time do you think you can trust your STATE government to do what is right? Select
only one answer.
1) Just about always
2) Most of the time
3) Only some of the time
4) None of the time
Section Q36 Spanish (trust_state)
¿Con qué frecuencia puede confiar en que su gobierno ESTATAL hará lo correcto? Seleccione solo una
respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Casi siempre
La mayor parte del tiempo
Solo parte del tiempo
En ningún momento
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q37 (trust_local)
How much of the time do you think you can trust your LOCAL government to do what is right? Select
only one answer.
1) Just about always
2) Most of the time
3) Only some of the time
172
4) None of the time
Section Q37 Spanish (trust_local)
¿Con qué frecuencia puede confiar en que su gobierno LOCAL hará lo correcto? Seleccione solo una
respuesta.
1) Casi siempre
2) La mayor parte del tiempo
3) Solo parte del tiempo
4) En ningún momento
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Confidentiality
Section Q38 (concern1)
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will not keep answers to the 2020 Census
confidential? Select only one answer.
1) Extremely concerned
2) Very concerned
3) Somewhat concerned
4) Not too concerned
5) Not at all concerned
Section Q38 Spanish (concern1)
¿Qué tan preocupado(a) está, si está preocupado(a), de que la Oficina del Censo no mantenga las
respuestas al Censo del 2020 confidenciales? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Extremadamente preocupado(a)
Muy preocupado(a)
Algo preocupado(a)
No muy preocupado(a)
Nada preocupado(a)
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q39 (concern2)
How concerned are you, if at all, that the Census Bureau will share answers to the 2020 Census with
other government agencies? Select only one answer.
1) Extremely concerned
2) Very concerned
3) Somewhat concerned
173
4) Not too concerned
5) Not at all concerned
Section Q39 Spanish (concern2)
¿Qué tan preocupado(a) está, si está preocupado(a), de que la Oficina del Censo comparta las
respuestas al Censo del 2020 con otras agencias gubernamentales? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente preocupado(a)
2) Muy preocupado(a)
3) Algo preocupado(a)
4) No muy preocupado(a)
5) Nada preocupado(a)
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
Section Q40 (concern3)
How concerned are you, if at all, that the answers you provide to the 2020 Census will be used against
you? Select only one answer.
1) Extremely concerned
2) Very concerned
3) Somewhat concerned
4) Not too concerned
5) Not at all concerned
Section Q40 Spanish (concern3)
¿Qué tan preocupado(a) está, si está preocupado(a), de que las respuestas que usted le proporcione al
Censo del 2020 se usen en su contra? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Extremadamente preocupado(a)
2) Muy preocupado(a)
3) Algo preocupado(a)
4) No muy preocupado(a)
5) Nada preocupado(a)
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Efficacy
Section Q41 (efficacy)
How much, if at all, do you think it matters if you personally are counted in the 2020 Census? Select only
one answer.
174
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A great deal
A lot
A moderate amount
A little
Not at all
Section Q41 Spanish (efficacy)
¿Cuánta importancia cree que tiene, si tiene importancia, el que usted personalmente sea contado(a) en
el Censo del 2020? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Muchísima importancia
2) Mucha importancia
3) Una cantidad moderada de importancia
4) Un poco de importancia
5) Nada de importancia
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• If QORDER = C1 then show written order of answer choices
• If QORDER = C2 then show reversed order of answer choices
/* END PAGE */
Section Code Insert for Community Question (qinsert1)
## CODES THE QUESTION TEXT INSERT FOR NEXT QUESTION ##
1) benefit or harm
2) harm or benefit
Section Code Insert for Community Question in Spanish (qinsert1)
## CODES THE QUESTION TEXT INSERT FOR NEXT QUESTION ##
1) beneficiar o perjudicar
2) perjudicar o beneficiar
Logic:
• Do NOT ask respondents
• Randomly assign one option to respondents
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Community_Benefits
Section Q42 (benefit_harm_community)
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could /* [INSERT QINSERT1: benefit or harm
(harm or benefit)] */ YOUR COMMUNITY in any way? Select only one answer.
1) Benefit
2) Harm
3) Both benefit and harm /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Neither benefit nor harm /* DO NOT ROTATE */
175
Section Q42 Spanish (benefit_harm_community)
¿Cree que llenar el formulario del Censo del 2020 podría /* [INSERT QINSERT1: beneficiar o perjudicar
(perjudicar o beneficiar)] */ a SU COMUNIDAD de algún modo? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Beneficiar
2) Perjudicar
3) Tanto beneficiar como perjudicar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Ni beneficiar ni perjudicar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Make sure order of answer choice matches order of question text:
o If QINSERT1 = C1 then show answer choices as below:
▪ For English:
1) Benefit
2) Harm
3) Both benefit and harm /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Neither benefit nor harm /* DO NOT ROTATE */
▪ For Spanish:
1) Beneficiar
2) Perjudicar
3) Tanto beneficiar como perjudicar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Ni beneficiar ni perjudicar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
o If QINSERT1 = C2 then show answer choices as below:
▪ For English:
1) Harm
2) Benefit
3) Both harm and benefit /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Neither harm nor benefit /* DO NOT ROTATE */
▪ For Spanish:
1) Perjudicar
2) Beneficiar
3) Tanto perjudicar como beneficiar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
4) Ni perjudicar ni beneficiar /* DO NOT ROTATE */
/* END PAGE */
Section Code Insert for Personal Question (qinsert2)
## CODES THE QUESTION TEXT INSERT FOR NEXT QUESTION ##
1) benefit or harm
2) harm or benefit
Section Code Insert for Personal Question in Spanish (qinsert2)
## CODES THE QUESTION TEXT INSERT FOR NEXT QUESTION ##
1) beneficiarlo(a) o perjudicarlo(a)
2) perjudicarlo(a) o beneficiarlo(a)
Logic:
176
•
•
Do NOT ask respondents
Make sure order of QINSERT2 matches order of QINSERT1:
o If QINSERT1 = C1 then QINSERT2 =C1
o If QINSERT1 = C2 then QINSERT2 =C2
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Personal_Benefits
Section Q43 (benefit_harm_personal)
Do you believe that answering your 2020 Census form could personally /* [INSERT QINSERT2: benefit or
harm (harm or benefit)] */ YOU in any way? Select only one answer.
1) Benefit
2) Harm
3) Both benefit and harm
4) Neither benefit nor harm
Section Q43 Spanish (benefit_harm_personal)
¿Cree que llenar el formulario del Censo del 2020 podría /* [INSERT QINSERT2: beneficiarlo(a) o
perjudicarlo(a) (perjudicarlo(a) o beneficiarlo(a)) ] */ a USTED personalmente de alguna forma?
Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Beneficiarme
2) Perjudicarme
3) Tanto beneficiarme como perjudicarme
4) Ni beneficiarme ni perjudicarme
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Make sure order of answer choice matches order of question text:
o If QINSERT1 = C1 then show answer choices as below:
▪ For English:
1) Benefit
2) Harm
3) Both benefit and harm
4) Neither benefit nor harm
▪ For Spanish:
1) Beneficiarme
2) Perjudicarme
3) Tanto beneficiarme como perjudicarme
4) Ni beneficiarme ni perjudicarme
o If QINSERT1 = C2 then show answer choices as below:
▪ For English:
1) Harm
2) Benefit
3) Both harm and benefit
4) Neither harm nor benefit
▪ For Spanish:
1) Perjudicarme
2) Beneficiarme
177
3) Tanto perjudicarme como beneficiarme
4) Ni perjudicarme ni beneficiarme
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Civic_Participation
Section Q44 (civic_participation)
Which of the following have you ever done, if any? Please select all that apply.
1) Voted in an election
2) Signed a petition (including online petitions)
3) Posted your own thoughts or comments on political or social issues online
4) Volunteered at any organization
5) Worn a button/bracelet/pin for an issue or cause
6) Contacted, or attempted to contact, a politician or civil servant to express your views
7) Attended a neighborhood or community meeting
8) Participated in an organized protest or rally of any kind
9) Donated money or raised funds for social or political activity
10) None of the above /* EXCLUSIVE */ /* DO NOT ROTATE */
Section Q44 Spanish (civic_participation)
¿Cuál de las siguientes acciones ha realizado usted, si ha realizado alguna? Seleccione todas las que
correspondan.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Voté en una elección
Firmé una petición (incluyendo peticiones por internet)
Publiqué mis propias ideas o comentarios sobre asuntos políticos o sociales por internet
Trabajé como voluntario(a) en una organización
Usé una insignia/brazalete/prendedor a favor de una causa
Me comuniqué o intenté comunicarme con un político o funcionario público para expresar
mis puntos de vista
Asistí a una reunión de mi vecindario o de la comunidad
Participé en algún tipo de protesta o manifestación organizada
Doné dinero o recaudé fondos para una actividad social o política
Ninguna de las anteriores /* EXCLUSIVE */ /* DO NOT ROTATE */
Logic:
• Multiple responses permitted
• Random rotate answer choices
• If respondents select response 10 (“None of the above”/ “Ninguna de las anteriores”), other
responses would be grayed out.
Section Q45 (election2016)
Thinking about the 2016 general election for President and other offices, did you happen to vote in the
election, or did things come up that kept you from voting? Select only one answer.
1) Yes, voted in 2016 election
2) No, did not vote in 2016 election
178
Section Q45 Spanish (election2016)
Piense en las elecciones generales del 2016 para presidente y otros cargos. ¿Votó usted en las
elecciones o surgió algo que le impidió votar? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí, voté en las elecciones del 2016
2) No, no voté en las elecciones del 2016
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Age_Gender
Section Display before Q46 (display_Q46)
These final questions are for statistical purposes only.
Section Display before Q46 Spanish (display_Q46)
Estas últimas preguntas se hacen solo con propósitos estadísticos.
Section Q46 (birth_year)
What year were you born? Please enter a number.
____
Section Q46 Spanish (birth_year)
¿En qué año nació usted? Por favor ingrese un número.
____
Logic:
• Open end numeric
• Range: 1900 to 2017
• If a respondent enters a number that falls outside of the above range, display the following
message (soft edit):
o For English: “Please enter a number between 1900 and 2017.”
o For Spanish: “Por favor ingrese un número entre 1900 y 2017.”
Section Q47 (gender)
Are you… Select only one answer.
1) Male
2) Female
Section Q47 Spanish (gender)
Usted es… Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Hombre
179
2) Mujer
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Education
Section Q48 (education)
What is the highest degree or level of school you have completed? Select only one answer.
1) No high school
2) Some high school
3) High school graduate or equivalent (for example GED)
4) Some college, but degree not received or is in progress
5) Associate degree (for example AA, AS)
6) Bachelor's degree (for example BA, BS, AB)
7) Graduate degree (for example master's, professional, doctorate)
Section Q48 Spanish (education)
¿Cuál es el grado o nivel de educación más alto que ha completado? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) No fui a la escuela secundaria o preparatoria (high school)
2) Algo de escuela secundaria o preparatoria (high school)
3) Graduado(a) de escuela secundaria o preparatoria (high school) o equivalente (por ejemplo,
GED)
4) Algo de universidad, pero no recibí un título o todavía estoy estudiando
5) Título de asociado universitario (por ejemplo, AA, AS)
6) Título de licenciatura universitaria (por ejemplo, BA, BS, AB)
7) Título de posgrado (por ejemplo, título de maestría, título profesional, doctorado)
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Race_Ethnicity
Section Q49 (hispanics)
Are you of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?
1) No, not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin
2) Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
3) Yes, Puerto Rican
4) Yes, Cuban
180
5) Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (specify origin, for example, Argentinian,
Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, Salvadoran, Spaniard, and so on) /* SPECIFY */ ##
OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
Section Q49 Spanish (hispanics)
¿Es usted de origen hispano, latino, o español?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
No, no soy de origen hispano, latino, o español
Sí, mexicano, mexicanoamericano, chicano
Sí, puertorriqueño
Sí, cubano
Sí, de otro origen hispano, latino, o español (especifique el origen, por ejemplo, argentino,
colombiano, dominicano, nicaragüense, salvadoreño, español, etc.) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPENENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
• If respondents choose any answer choices other than 5 (“Yes, another Hispanic, Latino, or
Spanish origin”/ “Sí, de otro origen hispano, latino, o español”), remove and/or disable text field
for answer choice 5.
Section Q50 (race)
What is your race? Please select all that apply.
1) White
2) Black or African American
3) American Indian or Alaska Native (specify name of enrolled or principal tribe) /* SPECIFY */
## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
4) Asian Indian
5) Chinese
6) Filipino
7) Japanese
8) Korean
9) Vietnamese
10) Other Asian (specify race, for example, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, Pakistani, Cambodian, and so
on) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
11) Native Hawaiian
12) Chamorro
13) Samoan
14) Other Pacific Islanders (specify race, for example, Fijian, Tongan, and so on) /* SPECIFY */
## UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
15) Some other race (specify race) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60
CHARACTERS ##
Section Q50 Spanish (race)
¿Cuál es su raza? Seleccione todas las que correspondan.
1) Blanca
2) Negra o afroamericana
181
3) Indígena de las Américas o nativa de Alaska (especifique el nombre de la tribu en la cual está
inscrito[a] o la tribu principal) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60
CHARACTERS ##
4) India asiática
5) China
6) Filipina
7) Japonesa
8) Coreana
9) Vietnamita
10) Otra asiática (especifique la raza, por ejemplo, hmong, laosiana, tailandesa, paquistaní,
camboyana, etc.) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
11) Nativa de Hawái
12) Chamorra
13) Samoana
14) Otra de las islas del Pacífico (especifique raza, por ejemplo, fiyiana, tongana, etc.) /* SPECIFY
*/ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
15) Alguna otra raza (especifique la raza) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60
CHARACTERS ##
Logic:
• Multiple responses permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Language1
Section Q51 (country_of_birth)
In what country or territory were you born? Select only one answer.
1) In the United States
2) Outside of the United States (specify name of country, or Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.) /*
SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
Section Q51 Spanish (country_of_birth)
¿En qué país o territorio nació? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) En los Estados Unidos
2) Fuera de los Estados Unidos (especifique el nombre del país o Puerto Rico, Guam, etc.) /*
SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60 CHARACTERS ##
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
• If respondents choose answer choice 1, remove and/or disable text field for answer choice 2.
Section Q52 (language1)
Do you speak a language other than English at home? Select only one answer.
1) Yes
182
2) No
Section Q52 Spanish (language1)
¿Habla algún otro idioma que no sea inglés en su casa? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí
2) No
Logic:
•
•
•
•
Only one response permitted
Do NOT rotate answer choices
Go to question 53 (language2) if respondents choose answer choice 1 (Yes)
Skip to question 55 (marital_status) if respondents choose answer choice 2 (No) or skip this
question
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Language2
Section Q53 (language2)
What is this language? If more than one, other than English what language do you speak most often at
home? Specify language.
______________________________
Section Q53 Spanish (language2)
¿Qué idioma? Si es más de uno, ¿además del inglés, qué idioma habla con mayor frecuencia en su casa?
Especifique el idioma.
______________________________
Logic:
• Display this question only to respondents who choose answer choice 1 (Yes) in Q52 (language1)
• Open end
• Limit to 30 characters
Section Q54 (language3)
How well do you speak English? Select only one answer.
1) Very well
2) Well
3) Not well
4) Not at all
Section Q54 Spanish (language3)
¿Qué tan bien habla usted inglés? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Hablo muy bien
Hablo bien
No hablo bien
Nada
183
Logic:
• Display this question only to respondents who choose answer choice 1 (Yes) in Q52 (language1)
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Household
Section Q55 (marital_status)
What is your marital status? Select only one answer.
1) Now married
2) Divorced
3) Separated
4) Widowed
5) Never married
Section Q55 Spanish (marital_status)
¿Cuál es su estado civil? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Casado(a) actualmente
Divorciado(a)
Separado(a)
Viudo(a)
Nunca me he casado
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q56 (household1)
Are there any children 5 years old or younger (including babies) currently living in your household?
Select only one answer.
1) Yes
2) No
Section Q56 Spanish (household1)
¿Actualmente viven en su hogar niños de 5 años de edad o menores (incluyendo bebés)? Seleccione solo
una respuesta.
1) Sí
2) No
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
184
Section Q57 (household2)
Are there any children ages 6 to 17 years old currently living in your household? Select only one answer.
1) Yes
2) No
Section Q57 Spanish (household2)
¿Actualmente viven en su hogar niños de 6 a 17 años de edad? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Sí
2) No
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
Section Q58 (household3)
How many total people – adults and children – currently live in your household, including yourself? Please
enter a number.
____
Section Q58 Spanish (household3)
¿Cuántas personas en total – adultos y niños – viven actualmente en su hogar, incluyéndose a sí mismo(a)?
Por favor ingrese un número.
____
Logic:
• Open end numeric
• Range: 1 to 40
• If a respondent enters a number that falls outside of the above range, display the following
message (soft edit):
o For English: “Please enter a number between 1 and 40.”
o For Spanish: “Por favor ingrese un número entre 1 y 40.”
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Rent
Section Q59 (rent)
Do you rent or own your house or apartment? Select only one answer.
1) Own
2) Rent
3) Occupied without payment of rent
Section Q59 Spanish (rent)
¿Usted alquila su casa o apartamento o es dueño(a)? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1) Dueño(a)
2) Alquilo
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3) Ocupo la vivienda sin pagar alquiler
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Sexual_Orientation
Section Q60 (sexual_orientation)
Which of the following best represents how you think of yourself? Select only one answer.
1) Lesbian or gay
2) Straight, that is not lesbian or gay
3) Bisexual
4) Something else (please specify) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60
CHARACTERS ##
5) I don't know the answer
Section Q60 Spanish (sexual_orientation)
¿Cuál de las siguientes describe cómo usted se identifica a sí mismo(a)? Seleccione solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Lesbiana o gay
Heterosexual, es decir ni lesbiana ni gay
Bisexual
Otro (Por favor, especifique) /* SPECIFY */ ## OPEN-ENDED RESPONSE UP TO 60
CHARACTERS ##
5) No sé la respuesta
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
• If respondents choose any answer choices other than 4 (“Something else”/“Otro”), remove
and/or disable text field for answer choice 4.
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Income
Section Q61 (income)
In 2017 what was your total household income before taxes? Select only one answer.
1) Less than $25,000
2) $25,000 - $34,999
3) $35,000 - $49,999
4) $50,000 - $74,999
5) $75,000 - $99,999
6) $100,000 - $149,999
7) $150,000 - $199,999
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8) $200,000 and above
Section Q61 Spanish (income)
En el 2017, ¿cuál fue el ingreso total de su hogar antes de que le descontaran los impuestos? Seleccione
solo una respuesta.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Menos de $25,000
$25,000 - $34,999
$35,000 - $49,999
$50,000 - $74,999
$75,000 - $99,999
$100,000 - $149,999
$150,000 - $199,999
$200,000 y más
Logic:
• Only one response permitted
• Do NOT rotate answer choices
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Submit_Page
Section Submit Page (Submit)
That concludes the survey. Please click on the “Submit” button when you are finished.
Section Submit Page Spanish (Submit)
Con esto terminamos la encuesta. Haga clic en el botón “Enviar” cuando haya terminado.
## SUBMIT BUTTON DISPLAYED HERE ##
Logic:
• Users can still use the “Previous” navigator to go back to the survey before clicking the Submit
button.
/* END PAGE */
/* START PAGE */
Page Title: Thank_You_Page
Section Thank You Page (display_ThankYou)
Thank you for participating in the 2020 Census Planning Survey.
If you have any questions about this survey please visit www.census.gov/plan. You can validate that this
survey is a legitimate federally-approved information collection using the U.S. Office of Management
and Budget approval number 0607-0978, expiring on 08/31/2020.
Section Thank You Page Spanish (display_ThankYou)
Gracias por participar en la Encuesta de Planificación del Censo del 2020.
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Si tiene alguna pregunta sobre esta encuesta, visite www.census.gov/plan. Puede confirmar que esta
encuesta es una recopilación de información legítima aprobada por el gobierno federal usando el
número de aprobación 0607-0978 de la Oficina de Administración y Presupuesto de los Estados Unidos,
que vence el 08/31/2020.
/* END PAGE */
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Appendix E: Mail Survey Instrument
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Appendix F: Mail Materials
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| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | 2020 Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Study Survey Report |
| Subject | 2020 Census, CBAMS, Survey Final Report, Quantitative, Findings |
| Author | Kyley McGeeney |
| File Modified | 2019-01-24 |
| File Created | 2019-01-04 |