Agricultural Prices - Publication

Agricultural Prices
ISSN: 1937-4216

Released May 29, 2020, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

April Prices Received Index Down 9.0 Percent
The April Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 84.9, decreased 9.0 percent from March and
9.4 percent from April 2019. At 92.4, the Crop Production Index was up 4.2 percent from last month and 7.7 percent from
the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 78.3, decreased 20 percent from March and 22 percent from April
last year. Producers received lower prices during April for broilers, market eggs, milk, and corn but higher prices for
oranges, grapefruit, rice, and hay. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by the volume change of commodities
producers market. Increased monthly movement of strawberries, oranges, milk, and apples offset the decreased marketing
of corn, cattle, soybeans, and hay.

April Prices Paid Index Down 1.1 Percent
The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.7, is
down 1.1 percent from March 2020 and 2.3 percent from April 2019. Lower prices in April for feeder cattle, feeder pigs,
diesel, and feed grains more than offset higher prices for complete feeds, LP gas, concentrates, and supplements.
Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base –
United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
Index Group

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices received by farmers ...............................................................................

93.7

93.3

84.9

Prices paid by farmers ......................................................................................

111.3

109.9

108.7

Ratio of prices received to prices paid .............................................................

85

85

78

Contents
Prices Received by Farmers ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .......................................................... 4
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ................................................. 4
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 ................................. 4
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020......................................... 5
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ................................................ 6
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ........................................... 7
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons ........................... 8
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons..................................... 8
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .................................................. 9
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ............................................ 9
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ...........................................10
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons............................................10
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................................10
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .................................................11
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .........................................11
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..............................................11
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .........................................12
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .........................................................12
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..................................................13
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons.................................................13
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ......................................14
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .................................................14
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ......................................................14
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ...................................................14
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .................15
Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ...................15
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons .............................................16
Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: April 2020 ........................................16
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: April 2019 .....................................................................17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: March 2020 ...................................................................17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: April 2020 .....................................................................17
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons....................................................18
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ................................................18
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..................19
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................................................20
Market Year for Specified Commodities ...........................................................................................................................22
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2017-2019.........................22
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type – States and United States: Marketing
Years 2017-2019 ............................................................................................................................................................23
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates............................................................................................................................24
Prices Paid by Farmers ......................................................................................................................................................25
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................26
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
April 2020 with Comparisons.........................................................................................................................................27
Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ......................................................................................28
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons ...............................28
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons...............................................................28
Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2015-2020.............................................................................29
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ...................................................................................................................................30
Information Contacts .........................................................................................................................................................31

2

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Prices Received by Farmers
Crop production: The April index, at 92.4, is 4.2 percent higher than March and 7.7 percent higher than April 2019. The
fruit & tree nut and vegetable & melon index increases more than offset the other crop and feed grain index decreases.
Grain and oilseed: The April index, at 62.4, is down 5.3 percent from March and 2.2 percent from April 2019. The feed
grain index decreases more than offset food grain index increases.
Feed grain: The April index, at 55.1, decreased 11 percent from last month and 6.6 percent from a year ago. The corn
price, at $3.29 per bushel, is down 39 cents from last month and 24 cents from April 2019.
Food grain: At 78.9, the index for April increased 1.3 percent from the previous month and 6.6 percent from a year ago.
The April price for rice, at $13.80 per cwt, is 60 cents higher than March and $1.80 higher than April 2019. The April
price for all wheat, at $4.84 per bushel, is 2 cents lower than March and 9 cents lower than April 2019.
Oilseed: At 67.5, the index for April decreased 1.3 percent from March but increased 0.9 percent from April 2019. The
soybean price, at $8.35 per bushel, is 11 cents lower than March but 7 cents higher than April a year earlier.
Fruit and tree nut: The April index, at 145.8, is up 9.3 percent from March and 34 percent from a year earlier. Price
increases during April for grapefruit, lemons, and oranges more than offset price decreases for pears and strawberries.
Vegetable and melon: At 125.6, the index for April decreased 6.3 percent from the previous month but increased
11.1 percent from April 2019. Price increases during April for snap beans, onions, and tomatoes more than offset price
declines for lettuce, potatoes, and celery.
Other crop: The April index, at 77.1, is down 2.2 percent from the previous month and 13 percent from April 2019. At
54.9 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 2.7 cents lower than March and 15.6 cents lower than April 2019. The
all hay price, at $161.00 per ton is $3.00 higher than March but $23.00 lower than April 2019.
Livestock production: The index for April, at 78.3, decreased 20 percent from the previous month and 22 percent from
April a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are lower for broilers, cattle, milk, and hogs. Prices for turkeys are
higher than a year earlier.
Meat animal: At 87.5, the April index decreased 5.7 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from a year earlier.
At $42.30 per cwt, the April hog price is $5.40 lower than March and $17.10 lower than a year earlier. The April beef
cattle price of $108.00 per cwt is $5.00 lower than the previous month and $17.00 lower than April 2019.
Dairy: The index for April, at 71.6, is down 20 percent from the previous month and 18.7 percent from April a year ago.
The April all milk price of $14.40 per cwt is $3.60 lower than March and $3.30 lower than April 2019.
Poultry and egg: At 67.0, the April index decreased 40 percent from March and 35.3 percent from April 2019. The April
market egg price, at 79.7 cents per dozen, is 78.3 cents lower than March but 42.4 cents higher than April 2019. The April
broiler price, at 22.6 cents per pound, is 20.4 cents lower than March and 32.4 cents lower than a year ago. At 67.7 cents
per pound, the April turkey price is 1.3 cents higher than the previous month and 12.1 cents higher than April 2019.
Food Commodities: The index, at 88.0, decreased 11 percent from the previous month and 9.9 percent from April 2019.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
2011 Base
Index Group

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Agricultural production ...............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Grain and oilseed ..............................................................................
Feed grain ......................................................................................
Food grain ......................................................................................
Oilseed ...........................................................................................
Fruit and tree nut ...............................................................................
Vegetable and melon ........................................................................
Other crop ..........................................................................................

93.7
85.8
63.8
59.0
74.0
66.9
109.1
113.1
88.1

93.3
88.7
65.9
61.6
77.9
68.4
133.4
134.1
78.8

84.9
92.4
62.4
55.1
78.9
67.5
145.8
125.6
77.1

Livestock production ..............................................................................
Meat animal .......................................................................................
Cattle ..............................................................................................
Hog .................................................................................................
Dairy ...................................................................................................
Poultry and egg .................................................................................

100.5
104.9
109.7
89.3
88.1
103.5

97.4
92.8
99.3
71.7
89.6
112.2

78.3
87.5
94.8
63.6
71.6
67.0

Food commodity ........................................................................................

97.7

98.7

88.0

Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
1910 - 1914 Base
Index Group

April
2019

March
2020

(percent)
Agricultural production ...............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Livestock production ..............................................................................

April
2020

(percent)
967
748
1167

(percent)
963
773
1131

876
806
910

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not
yet begun]
2011 Base
Month

January ................................
February ..............................
March ...................................
April ......................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ...........................
October ................................
November ............................
December ............................

4

Agricultural
production

Crop
production

Livestock
production

Food
commodities

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

86.4
90.3
93.3
93.7
92.6
93.7
91.4
91.8
88.1
86.0
90.4
90.7

88.8
90.5
93.3
84.9

78.7
85.1
87.7
85.8
85.0
89.9
89.3
89.8
88.9
83.1
85.1
85.3

82.3
86.0
88.7
92.4

97.8
95.2
98.1
100.5
99.2
97.4
93.7
93.8
87.4
90.6
97.1
97.2

98.5
94.7
97.4
78.3

92.9
94.3
98.0
97.7
96.1
96.7
93.5
94.5
90.1
89.3
97.4
96.3

96.3
94.8
98.7
88.0

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not
yet begun]
2011 Base
All items
(PPITW)

Month

January ...............................
February ..............................
March ..................................
April .....................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ..........................
October ...............................
November ...........................
December ...........................

Crop
sector

Production

Livestock
sector

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

110.5
110.6
110.7
111.3
110.9
110.4
110.7
109.9
109.6
110.3
110.6
110.9

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

111.2
110.9
109.9
108.7

107.4
107.5
107.6
108.4
107.8
107.2
107.3
106.2
105.8
106.7
107.1
107.4

107.6
107.1
105.8
104.3

111.6
111.8
111.6
111.6
111.7
111.8
112.1
111.4
111.0
111.6
111.7
111.9

111.8
111.8
111.2
110.7

109.3
109.4
109.8
110.9
110.0
108.9
109.1
108.2
108.0
109.0
109.4
109.7

110.6
110.0
108.6
106.6

5

Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Price data source for non-citrus fruit commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
2011
Commodity
April 2019
March 2020
Base Price

April 2020

Field crops
Barley, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Feed .................................................................dollars/bushel
Malting .............................................................. dollars/bushel
Beans, dry edible .................................................... dollars/cwt
Canola ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Chickpeas, all .......................................................... dollars/cwt
Large ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Small ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn ....................................................................dollars/bushel

4.79
4.59
4.83
34.60
23.10
35.70
39.20
23.40
6.02

4.80
3.39
4.92
26.10
15.80
22.50
22.40
23.40
3.53

4.89
3.55
5.08
37.00
15.50
17.70
17.70
17.70
3.68

4.64
3.16
4.73
37.20
15.20
16.80
16.90
12.60
3.29

Cotton, Upland ................................................... dollars/pound
Cottonseed ...............................................................dollars/ton
Flaxseed ............................................................. dollars/bushel
Hay, all, baled ..........................................................dollars/ton
Alfalfa .....................................................................dollars/ton
Other ......................................................................dollars/ton
Lentils ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Oats ....................................................................dollars/bushel
Peanuts, in-shell ................................................ dollars/pound

0.880
131.00
14.20
159.00
176.00
119.00
27.50
3.42
0.252

0.705
(NA)
9.93
184.00
198.00
158.00
16.00
3.01
0.203

0.576
(NA)
10.70
158.00
175.00
130.00
21.20
2.96
0.206

0.549
(NA)
9.15
161.00
181.00
124.00
14.60
3.10
0.206

Peas, dry edible ...................................................... dollars/cwt
Rice, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Long ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Medium and short ................................................. dollars/cwt
Sorghum grain ........................................................ dollars/cwt
Soybeans ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Sunflowers, all ........................................................ dollars/cwt

13.60
13.70
12.30
18.40
10.70
12.50
29.00

10.30
12.00
10.50
17.30
5.40
8.28
17.60

9.56
13.20
12.50
15.40
5.88
8.46
20.60

9.52
13.80
12.80
16.00
5.77
8.35
20.20

Wheat, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Winter ............................................................... dollars/bushel
Durum ............................................................... dollars/bushel
Other spring ..................................................... dollars/bushel
Hard red winter ................................................ dollars/bushel
Soft red winter .................................................. dollars/bushel
Hard red spring ................................................ dollars/bushel
White ................................................................ dollars/bushel

7.44
6.93
9.22
8.33
7.07
6.77
8.38
6.58

4.93
4.86
4.85
5.03
4.59
4.69
5.02
5.29

4.86
4.84
5.46
4.82
4.62
5.75
4.80
5.39

4.84
4.88
5.26
4.68
4.64
5.64
4.63
5.49

Fruits
Citrus, equivalent on-tree
Grapefruit .............................................................. dollars/box
Lemons .................................................................dollars/box
Oranges ................................................................ dollars/box

7.47
12.30
8.16

13.51
13.38
11.23

9.73
10.64
9.97

11.26
10.91
11.09

Non-citrus, fresh 1
Apples .............................................................. dollars/pound
Grapes ....................................................................dollars/ton
Peaches .................................................................dollars/ton
Pears ......................................................................dollars/ton
Strawberries .......................................................... dollars/cwt

0.325
628.00
507.00
559.00
104.00

0.381
(S)
(S)
545.00
79.20

0.577
(S)
(S)
1,170.00
189.00

0.577
(S)
(S)
1,050.00
123.00

(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis

6

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Price data source for vegetables, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
2011
Commodity
April 2019
March 2020
April 2020
Base Price
Vegetables, fresh 1
Asparagus ............................................................... dollars/cwt
Beans, snap ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Broccoli ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cantaloupes ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Carrots .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cauliflower .............................................................. dollars/cwt
Celery ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn, sweet ............................................................. dollars/cwt
Cucumbers ............................................................. dollars/cwt
Lettuce .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Onions 2 .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Potatoes .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Tomatoes ................................................................ dollars/cwt

37.50
69.00
41.60
16.50
30.80
47.00
22.50
30.70
18.70
24.30
11.90
14.30
51.20

119.00
60.00
50.00
(S)
28.10
67.00
113.00
34.80
29.20
28.10
23.60
11.50
43.40

(S)
43.20
79.60
(S)
57.50
102.00
55.70
28.60
42.00
27.40
20.60
15.90
57.60

284.00
45.30
53.80
(S)
47.50
72.00
49.60
28.20
23.40
22.30
24.80
14.60
65.00

Livestock
Calves ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cattle, all beef ......................................................... dollars/cwt
Cows 3 ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Steers and heifers ................................................ dollars/cwt
Milk cows 4 ............................................................dollars/head
Hogs, all .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Barrows and gilts .................................................. dollars/cwt
Sows ..................................................................... dollars/cwt

142.00
115.00
71.60
117.00
1,420.00
66.50
66.80
57.90

174.00
125.00
61.30
128.00
1,140.00
59.40
59.70
50.60

160.00
113.00
67.50
114.00
(NA)
47.70
48.30
31.50

151.00
108.00
64.00
111.00
1,250.00
42.30
42.60
36.20

Dairy and poultry
Milk, all 5 .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Fat test ........................................................................percent
Broilers, live 6 ......................................................dollars/pound
Eggs, all .............................................................. dollars/dozen
Market 7 ............................................................. dollars/dozen
Turkeys, live 8 .....................................................dollars/pound

20.10
3.71
0.459
0.969
0.796
0.680

17.70
3.89
0.550
0.633
0.373
0.556

18.00
3.96
0.430
1.72
1.58
0.664

14.40
3.94
0.226
1.03
0.797
0.677

Adjusted for seasonal variation
Eggs, all .............................................................. dollars/dozen
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent
Milk, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent

0.979
101
20.20
100

0.712
89
18.50
96

1.39
123
18.60
97

1.15
89
15.10
96

(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis
2
Includes some processing.
3
Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter.
4
Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October.
5
Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies.
6
Live weight equivalent price.
7
Also referred to as table eggs.
8
Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point
basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
All wheat
Month
2018
2019
2020

January .........
February .......
March ............
April ...............
May ...............
June ..............
July ...............
August ..........
September ....
October .........
November .....
December .....

(dollars per
bushel)
4.65
4.92
5.10
5.28
5.39
5.19
5.00
5.31
5.15
5.22
5.23
5.28

(dollars per
bushel)
5.28
5.33
5.19
4.93
4.78
4.81
4.52
4.35
4.26
4.45
4.39
4.64

(dollars per
bushel)
4.87
4.88
4.86
4.84

Corn

Soybeans

2018

2019

2020

2018

2019

2020

(dollars per
bushel)
3.29
3.38
3.51
3.58
3.68
3.58
3.47
3.36
3.40
3.42
3.41
3.54

(dollars per
bushel)
3.56
3.60
3.61
3.53
3.63
3.98
4.16
3.93
3.80
3.84
3.68
3.71

(dollars per
bushel)
3.79
3.78
3.68
3.29

(dollars per
bushel)
9.30
9.50
9.81
9.85
9.84
9.55
9.08
8.59
8.78
8.59
8.36
8.56

(dollars per
bushel)
8.64
8.52
8.52
8.28
8.02
8.31
8.38
8.22
8.35
8.60
8.59
8.70

(dollars per
bushel)
8.84
8.59
8.46
8.35

Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate
estimation period has not yet begun]
Beef cattle 1
All hogs 2
Month
2018
2019
2020
2018
2019
2020
(dollars per cwt)
January ..............
February ............
March .................
April ....................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
1
2

8

120.00
125.00
125.00
119.00
120.00
112.00
110.00
110.00
108.00
110.00
113.00
117.00

(dollars per cwt)
121.00
123.00
126.00
125.00
120.00
114.00
112.00
111.00
103.00
107.00
113.00
118.00

(dollars per cwt)
122.00
120.00
113.00
108.00

(dollars per cwt)
52.50
54.60
50.00
45.30
51.50
59.10
58.60
44.30
43.20
50.30
46.20
43.40

(dollars per cwt)
44.60
43.40
46.50
59.40
62.30
59.50
56.60
58.50
47.70
49.10
48.00
47.30

(dollars per cwt)
47.80
45.50
47.70
42.30

Cows and steers & heifers.
Barrows & gilts and sows.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................

(D)
(D)
(D)
4.08
5.23
5.10
4.14
4.58
5.25
5.31

(S)
(S)
(D)
4.28
5.01
6.19
5.43
4.37
5.66
4.76

(D)
(S)
(D)
4.48
4.94
5.85
5.47
4.56
5.85
4.48

Missouri ..............................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Washington ........................................

4.52
5.10
4.03
4.79
4.81
4.83
4.09
5.70
4.72
4.07
5.40

5.66
5.01
4.30
6.39
4.75
5.62
4.49
6.02
4.81
5.24
5.68

5.97
4.80
4.44
5.74
4.64
5.32
4.61
5.95
4.78
5.35
5.73

United States .....................................

4.93

4.86

4.84

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota 1 ........................................
Missouri ..............................................

(D)
(D)
4.08
5.18
5.10
4.14
4.58
5.25
(D)
4.52

(S)
(D)
4.28
5.03
6.19
5.43
4.37
5.66
(NA)
5.66

(S)
(D)
4.48
4.93
5.85
5.47
4.56
5.85
(NA)
5.97

Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Washington ........................................

5.19
4.03
4.79
(S)
4.83
4.09
5.70
4.69
4.07
5.22

5.06
4.30
6.39
(D)
5.62
4.49
6.02
4.60
5.24
5.59

4.65
4.44
5.74
4.61
5.32
4.61
5.95
4.73
5.35
5.70

United States .....................................

4.86

4.84

4.88

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................

(D)
(S)
(D)
(D)
4.76

(S)
(D)
(S)
(D)
5.63

(D)
(S)
(S)
(D)
5.31

United States .....................................

4.85

5.46

5.26

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

(dollars per bushel)

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Colorado 1 ..........................................
Idaho ...................................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oregon 1 .............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Washington ........................................

(D)
5.22
5.31
4.99
4.82
5.71
4.75
5.82

(NA)
4.98
4.76
4.96
4.58
(NA)
5.00
6.09

(NA)
(D)
4.48
5.01
4.40
(NA)
4.91
5.88

United States .....................................

5.03

4.82

4.68

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
1
Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.

Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Illinois ..................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
New York ............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

(S)
3.38
3.80
3.11
(D)
3.19
(S)
2.63
(S)
4.75
2.89
(D)
3.40

(S)
4.04
3.86
2.49
(S)
(D)
(S)
2.73
(S)
4.50
2.75
(S)
3.26

(S)
3.51
4.06
2.69
(S)
3.28
(S)
2.39
(S)
4.01
3.12
(S)
3.59

United States .....................................

3.01

2.96

3.10

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

10

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
4.66
5.49
(D)
4.67
4.29
(D)
(D)

(S)
4.94
5.15
(D)
4.66
4.08
(D)
(D)

(D)
5.28
4.95
(D)
3.95
4.17
(D)
(S)

United States .....................................

4.80

4.89

4.64

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

(dollars per bushel)

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
4.66
5.61
(D)
4.69
4.46
(D)
(D)

(S)
(D)
5.19
(D)
4.73
4.62
(D)
(S)

(D)
5.28
(D)
(D)
4.24
4.19
(D)
(S)

United States .....................................

4.92

5.08

4.73

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
(S)
3.77
(S)
(D)
3.29
3.08
(S)

(S)
(D)
3.93
(S)
3.09
3.50
3.02
(D)

(S)
(S)
3.42
(S)
3.14
2.85
2.81
(S)

United States .....................................

3.39

3.55

3.16

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Arkansas 1 ..........................................
Kansas ...............................................
Louisiana 1 ..........................................
Missouri 1 ............................................
Nebraska ............................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Texas ..................................................

(S)
5.17
(D)
6.59
5.41
5.54
6.36

(NA)
5.81
(NA)
(NA)
(D)
6.21
6.75

(NA)
5.77
(NA)
(NA)
5.64
5.86
5.81

United States .....................................

5.40

5.88

5.77

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Monthly estimates discontinued in September 2019.

Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

(dollars per bushel)

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Colorado .........................................................
Illinois ..............................................................
Indiana ............................................................
Iowa ................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky .........................................................
Michigan .........................................................
Minnesota .......................................................
Missouri ..........................................................
Nebraska ........................................................

3.58
3.54
3.68
3.51
3.48
3.82
3.60
3.36
3.61
3.49

3.74
3.65
4.03
3.64
3.59
4.11
3.73
3.49
3.85
3.63

3.34
3.21
3.61
3.28
3.26
3.76
3.42
3.14
3.44
3.23

North Carolina ................................................
North Dakota ..................................................
Ohio ................................................................
Pennsylvania ..................................................
South Dakota .................................................
Tennessee .....................................................
Texas ..............................................................
Wisconsin .......................................................

4.27
3.25
3.64
4.19
3.28
3.60
3.92
3.46

4.62
3.16
3.99
4.11
3.42
4.02
4.24
3.51

4.36
2.82
3.66
3.77
3.00
3.53
3.83
3.10

United States .................................................

3.53

3.68

3.29

12

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Kentucky ............................................
Louisiana ............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Mississippi ..........................................

8.09
8.41
8.57
8.25
8.01
8.68
8.06
8.22
8.11
8.01

8.50
8.78
9.01
8.43
8.18
8.99
(D)
8.90
7.40
(D)

8.31
8.42
8.64
8.35
8.10
8.63
(D)
(D)
8.07
8.34

Missouri ..............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
South Dakota .....................................
Tennessee .........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

8.48
8.09
8.38
7.65
8.50
7.88
8.69
8.23

8.80
8.23
8.73
7.67
9.11
8.13
8.99
8.30

8.49
8.08
8.51
7.49
8.88
7.90
8.52
8.13

United States .....................................

8.28

8.46

8.35

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

(dollars per cwt)

April 2020

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Dakota ......................................

70.60
(D)
25.00
(D)
21.40
(D)
21.80

(D)
36.10
(D)
37.40
38.20
(D)
35.90

(D)
38.40
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
36.10

United States .....................................

26.10

37.00

37.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per pound)

(dollars per pound)

(dollars per pound)

Alabama .............................................
Arkansas ............................................
Florida .................................................
Georgia ...............................................
Mississippi ..........................................
New Mexico ........................................
North Carolina ....................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
South Carolina ...................................
Texas ..................................................
Virginia ...............................................

0.200
0.191
0.207
0.197
0.181
0.254
0.217
0.243
0.211
0.229
0.222

0.198
(S)
0.195
0.197
0.189
(S)
0.222
0.236
0.209
0.331
0.214

0.203
(S)
0.200
0.199
0.205
(S)
0.222
0.233
0.212
0.233
0.220

United States .....................................

0.203

0.206

0.206

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Kansas ...............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
North Dakota ......................................
South Dakota .....................................

(D)
(D)
18.80
16.30

19.50
22.40
21.10
20.70

(D)
(D)
21.70
19.50

United States .....................................

17.60

20.60

20.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oklahoma ...........................................

(D)
15.20
15.80
(S)

(D)
13.60
15.60
(S)

(D)
15.70
15.10
(S)

United States .....................................

15.80

15.50

15.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
State

April 2019

March 2020

(dollars per bushel)

April 2020

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

North Dakota ......................................

9.93

10.70

9.15

United States .....................................

9.93

10.70

9.15

14

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2020
with Comparisons
[Cottonseed marketing year August - February]
Cotton, Upland
State

April
2019

March
2020

Cottonseed
April
2020

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

Alabama ...............................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ..............................
California ..............................
Georgia ................................
Louisiana ..............................
Mississippi ............................
North Carolina .....................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ...................................

(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
0.722
(D)
(D)
0.727
0.688
0.689

0.588
(S)
(D)
(S)
0.558
(D)
(D)
0.583
0.594
0.533

0.565
(S)
(D)
(D)
0.537
(D)
(D)
(D)
0.559
0.507

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

United States .......................

0.705

0.576

0.549

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2020
with Comparisons
Item

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

Cotton, Upland
Average price ........................................ dollars/pound
Marketings 1 ..............................................1,000 bales

0.705
877

0.576
564

0.549
394

Rice, all
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

12.00
15,419

13.20
13,738

13.80
10,235

Rice, long
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

10.50
12,218

12.50
10,545

12.80
7,296

Rice, medium and short
California
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt

20.80

18.00

18.60

Other States 3
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt

12.40

11.80

11.70

United States
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

17.30
3,201

15.40
3,193

16.00
2,939

1

2
3

Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives.
Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
All hay
State

Alfalfa hay

Other hay

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

Arizona .............................
California ..........................
Colorado ...........................
Idaho .................................
Illinois ................................
Iowa ..................................
Kansas .............................
Kentucky ...........................
Michigan ...........................
Minnesota .........................

(dollars per
ton)
220.00
222.00
227.00
155.00
165.00
151.00
146.00
167.00
170.00
174.00

(dollars per
ton)
200.00
200.00
225.00
149.00
173.00
111.00
115.00
152.00
157.00
128.00

(dollars per
ton)
195.00
192.00
229.00
159.00
173.00
113.00
121.00
154.00
152.00
122.00

(dollars per
ton)
220.00
230.00
230.00
155.00
175.00
155.00
171.00
220.00
185.00
186.00

(dollars per
ton)
200.00
200.00
225.00
150.00
185.00
116.00
132.00
205.00
175.00
139.00

(dollars per
ton)
195.00
200.00
230.00
160.00
185.00
121.00
135.00
205.00
170.00
139.00

(dollars per
ton)
200.00
180.00
220.00
160.00
135.00
137.00
97.00
150.00
140.00
135.00

(dollars per
ton)
200.00
145.00
225.00
140.00
125.00
94.00
95.00
130.00
120.00
90.00

(dollars per
ton)
190.00
150.00
225.00
140.00
130.00
93.00
104.00
130.00
110.00
87.00

Missouri ............................
Montana ...........................
Nebraska ..........................
Nevada .............................
New Mexico ......................
New York ..........................
North Dakota ....................
Ohio ..................................
Oklahoma .........................
Oregon .............................

132.00
147.00
106.00
180.00
234.00
167.00
87.00
151.00
132.00
197.00

118.00
135.00
103.00
179.00
220.00
169.00
78.00
171.00
105.00
186.00

119.00
130.00
103.00
183.00
215.00
164.00
87.00
171.00
95.00
186.00

155.00
150.00
115.00
180.00
245.00
186.00
90.00
185.00
206.00
200.00

155.00
135.00
113.00
180.00
220.00
243.00
82.00
200.00
157.00
195.00

155.00
130.00
111.00
185.00
220.00
223.00
90.00
200.00
160.00
195.00

125.00
135.00
89.00
180.00
165.00
166.00
71.00
125.00
123.00
190.00

110.00
135.00
82.00
175.00
190.00
145.00
66.00
145.00
90.00
160.00

110.00
130.00
89.00
170.00
190.00
145.00
67.00
140.00
85.00
160.00

Pennsylvania ....................
South Dakota ...................
Texas ................................
Utah ..................................
Washington ......................
Wisconsin .........................
Wyoming ..........................

200.00
114.00
148.00
184.00
187.00
186.00
172.00

168.00
90.00
140.00
180.00
189.00
174.00
179.00

163.00
95.00
138.00
174.00
188.00
163.00
176.00

230.00
117.00
210.00
185.00
190.00
193.00
175.00

265.00
96.00
187.00
180.00
200.00
180.00
185.00

241.00
102.00
187.00
175.00
195.00
171.00
180.00

196.00
103.00
133.00
150.00
180.00
165.00
145.00

157.00
77.00
130.00
130.00
165.00
153.00
145.00

152.00
81.00
130.00
125.00
175.00
136.00
150.00

United States ...................

184.00

158.00

161.00

198.00

175.00

181.00

158.00

130.00

124.00

Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: April 2020
State

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

California ............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
New York ............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
Texas ..................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

235.00
170.00
190.00
236.00
222.00
288.00
255.00
252.00

215.00
170.00
190.00
232.00
256.00
338.00
219.00
260.00

220.00
170.00
185.00
225.00
256.00
340.00
218.00
245.00

5-State Total 1 2 ..................................

219.00

205.00

209.00

1

2

5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced
during the previous month).
For March 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For April 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and
Wisconsin.

16

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: April 2019
Equivalent returns

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
29.00

(dollars per
box)
16.42

(dollars per
box)
20.93

(dollars per
box)
7.76

(dollars per
box)
13.51

(dollars per
box)
18.40

(dollars per
box)
4.11

Lemons ....................................................

40.50

19.45

30.27

(D)

13.38

23.62

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

27.20

14.24

17.04

13.39

11.23

14.19

10.34

Commodity

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: March 2020
Equivalent returns

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
31.50

(dollars per
box)
12.26

(dollars per
box)
21.12

(dollars per
box)
6.32

(dollars per
box)
9.73

(dollars per
box)
18.85

(dollars per
box)
3.61

Lemons ....................................................

38.20

16.81

27.77

(D)

10.64

20.99

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

26.80

12.98

16.43

11.69

9.97

13.54

8.64

Commodity

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: April 2020
Equivalent returns

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
13.92

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
11.26

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
(D)

Lemons ....................................................

38.50

17.08

28.07

(D)

10.91

21.29

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

28.70

14.10

18.29

12.63

11.09

15.38

9.58

Commodity

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]
April 2019
March 2020
State
Price
Fat test
Price
Fat test
(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

(dollars per cwt)

April 2020
Price

(percent)

Fat test

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

Arizona ..................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Florida ....................................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Indiana ...................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ..................................

16.90
17.40
18.00
20.80
18.70
17.20
17.90
17.30
18.20
16.50

3.67
3.84
3.78
3.60
3.59
3.94
3.91
3.82
3.93
3.87

17.10
17.60
18.60
22.10
20.10
17.30
18.30
18.00
19.00
16.40

3.75
3.89
3.86
3.67
3.72
4.04
3.97
3.95
4.06
4.05

13.90
14.20
15.80
19.70
17.40
14.70
13.90
14.10
14.00
12.80

3.73
3.91
3.83
3.65
3.66
4.06
3.95
3.91
4.01
4.05

Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
Ohio .......................................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Dakota ........................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................

16.40
18.30
16.10
18.20
17.70
20.20
18.40
19.10
18.10
17.40

3.84
4.03
3.71
3.90
3.91
4.07
3.84
4.24
4.12
3.89

16.60
18.20
15.40
18.50
18.90
20.10
18.90
19.00
18.30
17.80

3.85
4.07
3.84
3.95
3.97
4.09
3.96
4.29
4.25
4.02

13.00
14.00
11.90
14.70
14.80
17.60
15.30
15.30
14.70
15.20

3.83
4.05
3.75
3.94
3.93
4.03
3.93
4.25
4.19
3.97

Vermont .................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
Wisconsin ..............................

18.50
18.40
18.00
17.90

3.98
3.74
4.07
3.89

19.00
19.80
18.00
18.10

3.96
3.87
4.09
3.94

15.50
17.70
14.50
14.00

3.97
3.82
4.03
3.91

United States ........................

17.70

3.89

18.00

3.96

14.40

3.94

Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]
State
April 2019
January 2020
April 2020
(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Florida .................................................
Georgia ...............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................

1,300
1,100
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,200
1,170
1,100
1,090
1,300

1,450
1,400
1,300
1,350
1,310
1,350
1,260
1,220
1,200
1,400

1,350
1,300
1,250
1,310
1,310
1,250
1,200
1,220
1,170
1,350

Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
New Mexico ........................................
New York ............................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Utah ....................................................

1,180
1,060
1,200
1,090
1,000
1,200
1,090
1,170
1,250
1,100

1,260
1,140
1,400
1,190
1,200
1,300
1,210
1,280
1,400
1,250

1,300
1,100
1,350
1,190
1,170
1,150
1,170
1,230
1,350
1,150

Vermont ..............................................
Virginia ...............................................
Washington ........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

1,120
980
1,150
1,130

1,290
1,160
1,250
1,260

1,300
1,160
1,200
1,250

United States .....................................

1,140

1,300

1,250

18

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2020
with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity
data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural
Marketing Service]
Price as percent
Parity price
Adjusted
of parity
Commodity and unit
base
April
March
April
April
March
April
price
2019
2020
2020
2019
2020
2020
(dollars)
Basic commodities
All wheat .......................................... bushel
Rice ....................................................... cwt
Corn ................................................. bushel
Cotton
Upland ......................................... pound
American Pima ............................ pound
Peanuts ............................................ pound
Small chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Large chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Lentils 1 ................................................. cwt

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

0.558
1.29
0.433

17.20
40.30
13.20

16.60
38.40
12.90

16.40
37.90
12.70

29
30
27

29
34
29

30
36
26

0.070
0.140
0.023
2.40
3.12
2.39

2.07
4.09
0.691
72.70
98.00
76.90

2.08
4.16
0.684
71.40
92.80
71.10

2.06
4.12
0.676
70.60
91.80
70.30

34
28
29
32
23
21

28
28
30
25
19
30

27
28
30
18
18
21

Designated non-basic
All milk, to plants 2 ................................ cwt
Honey, extracted 3 ........................... pound

1.80
0.191

52.90
5.59

53.50
5.68

52.90
5.62

35
39

35
38

29
39

Wool and mohair
Wool ................................................. pound
Mohair .............................................. pound

0.149
0.457

4.21
12.80

4.43
13.60

4.38
13.40

42
41

43
47

43
48

Other non-basic
Apples, fresh 4 ................................. pound
Barley ............................................... bushel
Canola ................................................... cwt
Cottonseed ............................................ ton
Dry edible beans .................................. cwt
Flaxseed .......................................... bushel
Oats .................................................. bushel
Potatoes, fresh ..................................... cwt
Sorghum grain ...................................... cwt
Soybeans ......................................... bushel
Sunflower, all ........................................ cwt

0.036
0.495
1.87
19.50
3.11
1.09
0.290
1.07
0.736
1.06
2.07

1.050
15.10
56.50
607.00
96.20
32.80
8.65
33.40
22.30
32.80
63.10

1.070
14.70
55.60
580.00
92.50
32.40
8.62
31.80
21.90
31.50
61.60

1.060
14.60
55.00
573.00
91.50
32.10
8.53
31.50
21.60
31.20
60.90

36
32
28
29
27
30
35
34
24
25
28

54
33
28
36
40
33
34
50
27
27
33

54
32
28
37
41
29
36
46
27
27
33

Citrus (equivalent on-tree)
Grapefruit .............................................. box
Lemons ................................................. box
Oranges ................................................ box

0.837
1.87
1.010

22.20
56.20
27.30

24.90
55.60
30.00

24.60
55.00
29.70

61
24
41

39
19
33

46
20
37

Livestock and poultry
Beef cattle ............................................. cwt
Broilers ............................................. pound
Calves ................................................... cwt
Eggs 2 ................................................dozen
Hogs ...................................................... cwt
Turkeys, live .................................... pound

11.90
0.052
17.30
0.101
5.72
0.066

352.00
1.56
511.00
3.07
171.00
1.980

354.00
1.55
515.00
3.00
170.00
1.960

350.00
1.53
509.00
2.97
168.00
1.940

36
35
34
23
35
28

32
28
31
46
28
34

31
15
30
39
25
35

1
2
3

4

Parity prices began January 2015.
Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price.
Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national
averages are the support prices.
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Field crops and miscellaneous
Hops .................................................................................. pound
Mustard seed .........................................................................cwt
Rapeseed ...............................................................................cwt
Rye ................................................................................... bushel
Safflower ................................................................................cwt
Spearmint oil .....................................................................pound
Sweet potatoes ......................................................................cwt

0.422
3.15
2.64
0.628
2.19
1.75
2.01

12.20
99.20
81.40
18.80
67.30
52.00
62.20

12.60
93.70
78.50
18.70
65.10
52.00
59.80

12.40
92.60
77.60
18.50
64.40
51.50
59.10

Tobacco
Flue-cured, 11-14 .........................................................pound
Fire-cured, 21-23 .......................................................... pound
Burley, 31 ......................................................................pound
Maryland, 32 .................................................................pound
Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...................................................pound
Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 ...........................................pound

0.187
0.257
0.184
0.173
0.229
0.201

5.56
7.63
5.44
5.14
6.85
5.89

5.56
7.64
5.47
5.15
6.81
5.98

5.50
7.56
5.41
5.09
6.73
5.91

20.30

607.00

604.00

597.00

128.00
313.00
198.00

3,640.00
9,410.00
6,010.00

3,810.00
9,310.00
5,890.00

3,760.00
9,210.00
5,820.00

210.00
0.030
3.55
184.00

6,460.00
0.962
116.00
4,780.00

6,250.00
0.892
106.00
5,470.00

6,180.00
0.882
104.00
5,410.00

147.00
75.90
105.00
78.50
111.00

4,420.00
2,160.00
3,160.00
2,190.00
3,190.00

4,370.00
2,260.00
3,120.00
2,330.00
3,300.00

4,320.00
2,230.00
3,090.00
2,310.00
3,260.00

Non-citrus fruit
Apples, processing 1 2 ........................................................... ton
Apricots
Fresh 3 ................................................................................ ton
Dried (California) ............................................................... ton
Avocados 2 3 ........................................................................... ton
Cherries
Sweet ................................................................................. ton
Tart 2 ..............................................................................pound
Cranberry 2 4 ......................................................................barrel
Dates (California) 3 ................................................................ ton
Grapes (California)
Raisin variety 5 ................................................................... ton
Wine, processing ............................................................... ton
Kiwifruit 2 ................................................................................ ton
Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 .............................................. ton
Olives, canning (California) 4 ................................................ ton
See footnote(s) at end of table.

20

--continued

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons (continued)
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Non-citrus fruit - continued
Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................. pound
Peaches
Fresh 4 6 ............................................................................. ton
Dried (California) 1 5 .......................................................... ton
Processing, excludes dried
Clingstone (California) 4 .............................................. ton

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

0.045

1.26

1.34

1.32

103.00
43.30

2,920.00
1,300.00

3,060.00
1,290.00

3,030.00
1,270.00

39.20

1,140.00

1,170.00

1,150.00

63.90

1,910.00

1,900.00

1,880.00

74.50
178.00

2,060.00
5,140.00

2,220.00
5,290.00

2,190.00
5,230.00

9.82
3.74

289.00
109.00

292.00
111.00

289.00
110.00

4.91
3.50

153.00
105.00

146.00
104.00

144.00
103.00

Tree nuts 9
Almonds ............................................................................pound
Hazelnuts ............................................................................... ton
Pistachios .........................................................................pound
Walnuts .................................................................................. ton

0.253
237.00
0.244
236.00

7.27
7,090.00
7.15
7,120.00

7.52
7,050.00
7.26
7,020.00

7.44
6,970.00
7.18
6,940.00

Vegetables, fresh 10
Carrots 11 ................................................................................cwt
Cauliflower 11 .........................................................................cwt
Celery 11 .................................................................................cwt
Honeydew melons .................................................................cwt
Lettuce ...................................................................................cwt
Onions 11 ................................................................................cwt
Tomatoes ...............................................................................cwt

2.82
4.66
2.05
2.04
2.52
1.41
4.01

83.80
138.00
59.50
60.70
73.00
42.40
122.00

83.90
139.00
61.00
60.70
74.90
41.90
119.00

82.90
137.00
60.30
60.00
74.10
41.50
118.00

Pears, Fresh 6 ........................................................................ ton
Plums (California) equivalent on-tree
Fresh 7 ............................................................................... ton
Prunes, dried (California) 1 2 5 ............................................... ton
Strawberries
Fresh 10 .........................................................................pound
Processing ....................................................................pound
Sugar crops
Sugarbeets 2 8 ................................................................... ton
Sugarcane 2 8 .................................................................... ton

1

Equivalent returns at processing plant door.
Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available.
3
Equivalent returns at packinghouse door.
4
Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point.
5
Dried basis.
6
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale
for other states.
7
Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states.
8
Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment
payments not included.
9
Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis.
10
FOB shipping point price.
11
Includes some processing.
2

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

Marketing Year for Specified Commodities
Tobacco, Dark Air-cured: December 1 to February 28 for the United States and all States
Tobacco, Flue-cured: July 1 to November 30 for the United States and all States
Tobacco, Fire-cured: December 1 to March 31 for the United States; January 1 to March 31 for Kentucky and
Tennessee; December 1 to January 31 for Virginia
Tobacco, Light Air-cured: November 1 to May 31 for the United States; November 1 to February 28 for Kentucky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; March 1 to May 31 for Pennsylvania
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2017-2019
State

2017

2018

2019

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

Georgia .....................................................................................
Kentucky ...................................................................................
North Carolina ..........................................................................
Pennsylvania ............................................................................
South Carolina .........................................................................
Tennessee ...............................................................................
Virginia .....................................................................................

2.000
2.135
2.000
2.042
1.970
2.333
2.047

1.980
2.219
1.910
2.034
1.980
2.491
2.021

1.930
2.150
1.870
2.555
1.830
2.477
1.925

United States ...........................................................................

2.058

2.051

2.009

22

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type – States and United States:
Marketing Years 2017-2019
Class and Type

2017

2018

2019

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ................................................................................
North Carolina .....................................................................
South Carolina .....................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

2.000
2.000
1.970
2.050

1.980
1.910
1.980
2.020

1.930
1.870
1.830
1.920

United States .......................................................................

2.004

1.933

1.876

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
Kentucky ..............................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

2.690
2.720
2.260

2.700
2.770
2.340

2.730
2.740
2.250

United States .......................................................................

2.696

2.724

2.728

Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky ..............................................................................
North Carolina .....................................................................
Pennsylvania .......................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

1.940
1.940
2.010
1.860
1.920

1.960
1.980
2.050
1.880
1.930

1.880
2.000
2.100
1.840
1.890

United States .......................................................................

1.935

1.960

1.894

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt
Pennsylvania .......................................................................

1.800

1.800

1.890

United States .......................................................................

1.800

1.800

1.890

Total light air-cured (31-32) ....................................................

1.932

1.956

1.894

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)
Kentucky ..............................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................

2.390
2.430

2.420
2.360

2.430
2.390

United States .......................................................................

2.398

2.403

2.419

Class 4, Cigar filler
Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf
Pennsylvania .......................................................................

2.360

2.140

3.370

United States .......................................................................

2.360

2.140

3.370

All tobacco
United States .......................................................................

2.058

2.051

2.009

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

Reliability of Prices Received Estimates
Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The
average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash
receipts for the commodity.
Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about
1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance
of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States
production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from
AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and
livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also
excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private
marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.
Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight
average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales.
Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in
Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent
historic estimates.
Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year
Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.
Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one
percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for
non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures
approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to
such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in
coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling
errors.
Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which
included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the
agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure
and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series.
Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to
2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by
researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also the
modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market
weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.

24

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Prices Paid by Farmers
The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 108.7, is
down 1.1 percent from March 2020 and 2.3 percent from April 2019.
Production: The April index, at 104.3, is down 1.4 percent from March and 3.8 percent from last year. Lower prices for
feeder cattle, feeder pigs, diesel, and feed grains more than offset higher prices for complete feeds, LP gas, concentrates,
and supplements.
Feed: At 103.2, the April index increased 0.2 percent from March and 0.1 percent from last April. Since March,
higher prices for complete feeds, concentrates, supplements, and hay and forages more than offset lower prices for
feed grains.
Livestock and poultry: The April index, at 88.9, decreased 9.8 percent from March and 21 percent from last
April. Prices for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, and milk cows are lower than the previous month. The April feeder
cattle price, at $126.00 per cwt, is down $10.00 per cwt from March. The feeder pigs April price, at $56.00 per
cwt, is down $71.00 per cwt from last month.
Fertilizer: The index for April, at 71.9, is up 0.1 percent from March and 3.3 percent from April a year ago. Since
March, prices for mixed fertilizer are high. Prices for nitrogen, potash and phosphate are unchanged.
Chemicals: The April index, at 94.6, is down 3.4 percent from March and 7.3 percent from last April.
Fuels: At 63.5, the April index is down 6.6 percent from March and 13 percent from April 2019. Compared with
March, prices are lower for diesel and gasoline but higher for LP gas.
Machinery: The index for April, at 123.4, increased 0.1 percent from March but decreased 1.4 percent from last
April. Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery but lower for self-propelled machinery.
Consumer Price Index: The April 2020 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 0.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 256.389 (1982-1984=100).
For the month, the index decreased 0.7 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

25

Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
1910-1914 Base
Index Group
and
April
March
April
Ratios
2019
2020
2020
(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

2011 Base
April
2019

March
2020

April
2020

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices paid by farmers for
commodities, services,
interest, taxes, and wage
rates (PPITW) ............................................
Production ..............................................
Feed ...................................................
Livestock and poultry ........................
Seeds .................................................
Fertilizer .............................................
Chemicals ..........................................
Fuels ..................................................
Supplies and repairs .........................

3011
2256
1136
2212
3800
838
916
2045
1349

2975
2203
1135
1946
3723
864
879
1903
1365

2941
2171
1137
1755
3723
865
849
1775
1366

111.3
108.4
103.1
112.0
115.6
69.6
102.1
73.1
114.4

109.9
105.8
103.0
98.6
113.3
71.8
97.9
68.0
115.8

108.7
104.3
103.2
88.9
113.3
71.9
94.6
63.5
115.8

Autos and trucks ................................
Machinery ..........................................
Building materials ..............................
Services and rent ..............................
Services .............................................
Rent ....................................................

3278
7647
2754
2472
(NA)
(NA)

3261
7535
2776
2478
(NA)
(NA)

3261
7543
2767
2478
(NA)
(NA)

106.6
125.1
118.4
(NA)
116.4
116.5

106.1
123.3
119.3
(NA)
116.0
117.8

106.1
123.4
118.9
(NA)
116.0
117.8

Interest 1 .................................................
Taxes 2 ...................................................
Wage rates .............................................
Family living-CPI 3 .................................

4205
7000
9414
2428

4307
7095
9612
2452

4307
7095
9612
2436

115.3
117.9
131.5
113.6

118.1
119.5
134.2
114.8

118.1
119.5
134.2
114.0

Production, interest, taxes, ........................
and wage rates (PITW) .........................

3127

3078

3040

110.9

109.1

107.8

Ratio (received/paid) .................................
Parity ratio 4 ................................................
Parity ratio adjusted 5 ................................
PPITW adjusted for
productivity 6 ..........................................

(NA)
32
34

(NA)
32
33

(NA)
30
31

85
(NA)
(NA)

85
(NA)
(NA)

78
(NA)
(NA)

1679

1702

1696

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Crop sector (PPITW) .................................
Livestock sector (PPITW) ..........................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

111.6
110.9

111.2
108.6

110.7
106.6

Farm sector (production) ...........................
Non-farm sector (production) ....................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

108.5
108.3

103.4
107.3

100.3
106.7

(NA) Not available.
1
Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt.
2
Farm real estate taxes payable per acre.
3
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA.
4
Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100).
5
Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually.
6
PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.

26

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
April 2020 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]
Relative weights
Indexes (2011=100)
Index Group
April
March
April
2019
2020
2019
2020
2020
(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Production items .......................................................

73.2

72.9

108.4

105.8

104.3

Feed ......................................................................
Feed grains ......................................................
Complete feeds ................................................
Hay and forages ...............................................
Concentrates ....................................................
Supplements ....................................................
Livestock and poultry ...........................................
Feeder cattle ....................................................
Feeder pigs ......................................................
Milk cow replacements ....................................
Poultry ...............................................................

12.8
1.8
6.3
1.6
2.0
1.1
8.8
6.8
0.7
0.7
0.5

13.3
1.9
6.5
1.7
2.1
1.1
9.2
7.2
0.7
0.7
0.6

103.1
59.4
106.6
120.3
113.3
112.8
112.0
108.9
173.6
80.3
113.1

103.0
62.1
109.1
103.2
115.6
113.3
98.6
99.0
90.7
91.5
113.1

103.2
56.6
110.4
103.4
116.5
114.7
88.9
92.2
40.0
88.0
113.1

Seeds ....................................................................
Field crops ........................................................
Grasses and legumes ......................................
Fertilizer ................................................................
Mixed fertilizer ..................................................
Nitrogen ............................................................
Potash and phosphate .....................................
Chemicals .............................................................
Herbicides .........................................................
Insecticides .......................................................
Fungicides and other .......................................

5.4
4.9
0.5
5.0
2.2
2.1
0.7
3.6
2.2
0.8
0.5

5.1
4.6
0.5
5.1
2.2
2.1
0.7
3.5
2.2
0.8
0.5

115.6
114.0
131.8
69.6
71.6
70.2
61.7
102.1
102.6
102.1
99.3

113.3
112.0
125.4
71.8
71.5
73.5
67.4
97.9
99.6
92.2
99.7

113.3
112.0
125.4
71.9
71.7
73.5
67.4
94.6
96.2
89.1
96.3

Fuels .....................................................................
Diesel ................................................................
Gasoline ............................................................
LP gas ...............................................................
Supplies and repairs ............................................
Supplies ............................................................
Repairs .............................................................
Autos and trucks ...................................................
Autos .................................................................
Trucks ...............................................................

2.8
1.8
0.6
0.5
4.6
1.5
3.1
1.3
0.2
1.1

3.2
2.0
0.7
0.5
4.6
1.5
3.0
1.2
0.2
1.1

73.1
71.8
78.5
71.3
114.4
114.8
114.2
106.6
100.9
107.5

68.0
66.7
69.2
71.6
115.8
116.6
115.3
106.1
100.9
106.9

63.5
60.9
57.6
80.2
115.8
116.7
115.3
106.1
100.6
106.9

Machinery .............................................................
Tractors .............................................................
Self-propelled ...................................................
Other machinery ...............................................
Building materials .................................................
Services ................................................................
Custom rates ....................................................
Other services ..................................................
Rent .......................................................................
Cash ..................................................................
Share ................................................................

5.3
1.2
2.1
2.0
4.1
11.7
1.2
10.5
7.8
4.2
3.6

4.7
1.0
1.9
1.8
4.0
11.9
1.2
10.7
7.1
3.8
3.3

125.1
109.3
131.0
127.8
118.4
116.4
118.4
116.1
116.5
123.3
108.6

123.3
112.0
126.4
126.5
119.3
116.0
118.4
115.8
117.8
124.7
109.7

123.4
112.0
126.3
127.0
118.9
116.0
118.4
115.8
117.8
124.7
109.7

Interest ......................................................................
Taxes ........................................................................
Wage rates ...............................................................
Family living-CPI ......................................................

2.6
3.2
7.2
13.9

2.6
3.1
7.4
14.0

115.3
117.9
131.5
113.6

118.1
119.5
134.2
114.8

118.1
119.5
134.2
114.0

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

27

Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
Feed price ratio 1

April 2019

March 2020

April 2020

Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal
in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 ..............................................................

5.8

4.4

2.4

Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in
value to 1 dozen eggs 3 .............................................................................................

4.6

18.7

10.1

Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to
100 pounds of hog, live weight .................................................................................

16.8

13.0

12.9

Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal
in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ...........................................................................

2.11

2.23

1.84

Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal
in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers,
live weight ..............................................................................................................

36.3

31.0

33.7

Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in
value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 ...................................................................

6.3

7.4

7.9

1

2

3

4

5

Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and
all wheat.
The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58
percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed uses 75
percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.

Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States:
April 2020 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item
April 2019
March 2020
April 2020
(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Broilers, live ...............................................................................pound
Eggs, market ............................................................................. dozen

0.550
0.373

0.430
1.58

0.226
0.797

Hogs, all .........................................................................................cwt
Milk, all ............................................................................................cwt

59.40
17.70

47.70
18.00

42.30
14.40

Steers and heifers ..........................................................................cwt
Turkeys, live ..............................................................................pound

128.00
0.556

114.00
0.664

111.00
0.677

Corn .......................................................................................... bushel
Hay, alfalfa ..................................................................................... ton

3.53
198.00

3.68
175.00

3.29
181.00

Soybeans ................................................................................. bushel
Wheat, all ................................................................................. bushel

8.28
4.93

8.46
4.86

8.35
4.84

Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2020 with Comparisons
[Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item
April 2019
(dollars)
Feeder cattle & calves ...................................................................cwt
Feeder pigs ....................................................................................cwt

28

149.00
243.00

March 2020

April 2020

(dollars)

(dollars)
136.00
127.00

126.00
56.00

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2015-2020
[Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December]
Broiler 1
Year
January
February
March
April
May June July
August
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Year
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
1

2

3

4

5
6

5.4
5.1
4.7
5.3
5.8
4.9

5.0
4.8
4.6
5.1
5.1
4.2

5.4
5.0
5.3
5.7
5.3
4.4

6.0
5.1
5.7
6.1
5.8
2.4

6.2
5.3
6.6
6.7
6.1

5.9
5.1
6.7
7.0
5.4

4.7
4.7
6.1
6.7
4.8

September

October

November

December

4.2
4.2
5.1
4.8
4.0

4.1
3.7
4.9
4.8
4.1

4.3
4.4
5.0
5.2
4.1

4.7
4.7
5.1
5.3
4.5

August

September

October

November

December

26.5
4.4
6.1
11.0
7.6

20.7
3.8
10.9
8.6
5.0

14.7
2.6
8.3
8.5
4.7

22.8
3.7
15.3
11.7
13.0

12.2
12.1
14.4
11.7
8.3

August

September

October

November

December

9.4
9.5
7.2
5.8
6.6

10.0
10.3
6.9
5.9
7.0

10.6
9.9
7.1
5.7
7.0

10.2
9.3
6.5
6.0
7.5

9.8
8.4
6.0
5.5
6.9

August

September

October

November

December

2.11
2.44
2.50
2.06
2.26

2.25
2.49
2.46
2.13
2.33

2.30
2.38
2.48
2.22
2.41

2.46
2.59
2.54
2.21
2.62

2.29
2.73
2.38
2.07
2.55

August

September

October

November

December

16.0
16.4
18.8
13.2
14.9

14.8
14.8
15.0
12.7
12.6

15.1
12.7
14.5
14.7
12.8

12.8
12.0
15.9
13.5
13.0

11.7
13.0
15.0
12.3
12.7

August

September

October

November

December

40.5
36.8
35.2
33.3
28.5

38.0
33.9
32.7
32.4
27.4

35.1
31.0
34.0
32.7
28.4

36.5
32.7
38.4
33.7
31.3

33.7
34.0
37.2
33.6
32.3

4.4
4.3
5.5
5.2
4.3

Average
5.0
4.7
5.4
5.7
4.9
4.0

Market Egg 2
January

February

March

11.3
11.4
6.7
11.6
9.5
5.6

12.1
10.2
4.3
12.8
8.3
7.4

15.3
8.8
6.4
22.1
7.6
18.7

April
9.6
4.6
4.4
11.2
4.6
10.1

May

June

July

18.2
2.7
4.2
6.8
2.3

21.9
2.5
4.5
9.3
5.1

19.6
4.0
6.8
10.5
2.5

Average
17.1
5.9
7.7
11.3
6.5
10.4

Turkey 3
January

February

March

6.3
8.7
7.6
5.7
5.6
6.7

6.6
9.0
7.3
5.5
5.8
7.0

6.8
9.0
7.5
5.2
5.9
7.4

April
7.1
9.2
7.5
5.2
6.3
7.9

May

June

7.9
8.8
7.7
5.1
6.1

8.4
8.9
7.4
5.3
6.1

July
8.5
9.3
7.3
5.7
6.2

Average
8.5
9.2
7.2
5.5
6.4
7.3

Milk 4
January

February

March

2.10
2.18
2.71
2.20
2.06
2.41

2.06
2.18
2.61
2.03
2.07
2.34

2.01
2.12
2.40
1.98
2.14
2.23

April
2.00
1.99
2.22
1.90
2.11
1.84

May

June

July

1.99
1.90
2.20
1.90
2.10

2.06
1.92
2.31
1.97
2.08

2.00
2.16
2.27
1.93
2.16

Average
2.14
2.26
2.42
2.05
2.24
2.20

Hog-Corn 5
January

February

March

15.0
11.9
14.1
16.0
12.5
12.6

13.3
13.9
15.8
16.2
12.1
12.0

13.2
14.0
15.2
14.2
12.9
13.0

April
13.1
14.3
14.1
12.7
16.8
12.9

May

June

July

16.2
15.5
15.5
14.0
17.2

16.7
15.9
18.1
16.5
14.9

15.4
16.5
19.3
16.9
13.6

Average
14.4
14.2
15.9
14.4
13.8
12.6

Steer & Heifer-Corn 6
January

February

March

43.5
36.1
35.0
37.4
34.8
33.0

42.5
37.4
35.2
37.6
35.0
32.3

42.5
38.5
36.4
36.2
35.7
31.0

April
43.7
37.4
37.9
34.1
36.3
33.7

May

June

July

44.2
35.1
40.0
33.2
33.6

43.5
33.2
38.8
31.6
28.9

39.5
33.3
34.7
32.3
27.2

Average
40.3
34.9
36.3
34.0
31.6
32.5

The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration
uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses
75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight.

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

29

Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates
Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce
agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by qua ntity purchased should equal total
producer expenditures for the item.
Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and
ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate
in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by
farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production
input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the
month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.
Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey.
Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure
data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and
Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for
individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes
referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor
supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) indexes.
Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision
must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March
when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.
Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.
However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.
Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in
interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the
survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.
Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving
weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the
annual average index was replaced by an annual index.
As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are
adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for
computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were
constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.

30

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts
General
Herman Ellison, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .......................................... (202) 720-6146
Crop Prices Received
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .............................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127
Greg Lemmons – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .......................................................................................... (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – Barley, Hay ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Joshua Bates – Oats, Soybeans ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
John Stephens – Peanuts, Rice.................................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ........................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Chris Hawthorn – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ................................................................................ (202) 720-2127
Travis Thorson – Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower ................................................. (202) 720-7369
Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables, and Special Crops Section .................................................... (202) 720-2127
Fleming Gibson – Almonds, Apples, Apricots, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions, Plums,
Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ................................................................................................................... (202) 720-5412
Fleming Gibson – Cauliflower, Celery, Grapefruit, Lemons, Macadamia,
Mandarins and tangerines, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges ............................................................... ……. (202) 720-5412
Heidi Lanouette – Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries,
Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes, Tame Blueberries,
Wild Blueberries……… ................................................................................................................. …….. (202) 720-4285
Dan Norris – Artichokes, Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Lentils,
Nectarines, Papayas, Peaches, Snap Beans, Spinach, Walnuts, Watermelon .................................. ........ (202) 720-3250
Krishna Rizal – Dry beans, Garlic, Hazelnuts, Honeydews, Kiwifruit, Lettuce, Maple Syrup,
Mint, Pears, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Tomatoes .............................................................................. (202) 720-2157
Dawn Smoker – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas, Chile Peppers, Dates,
Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans ............................................................................................... ……. (202) 720-4215
Livestock Prices Received
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section .......................................................................................................... (202) 690-2424
Holly Brenize – Sheep and Goats ............................................................................................................... (202) 720-0585
Heidi Lanouette – Cattle and Cattle on Feed .............................................................................................. (202) 720-3040
Mike Miller – Milk, Milk Cows ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3278
Seth Riggins – Hogs and Pigs..................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3106
Tony Dorn, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section .................................................................... (202) 690-3223
Fatema Haque – Turkeys ............................................................................................................................ (202) 720-3244
Kim Linonis – Eggs.................................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3676
Adam Peters – Honey ................................................................................................................................. (202) 690-3237
Takiyah Walker - Broilers .......................................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147
Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices
Herman Ellison, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .......................................... (202) 720-6146
Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-4447
Eric Barnes – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices ................................................................................. (202) 690-3225
Kuan Chen – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed,
Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock,
Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ............................................................................................................ (202) 690-3347

Agricultural Prices (May 2020)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

31

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
 Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived

reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will
be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via email, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you
need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist [email protected] in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

Price Program Links
Economics and Prices
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php
January 2014 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf
January 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf
April 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.pdf
February 2016 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.pdf