Small Grains 2019 Summary - Publication

United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service

Small Grains
2019 Summary
September 2019

ISSN: 1949-162X

Special Note
When producers were surveyed, there was significant unharvested acreage of barley in Idaho, Maine,
Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, and Washington; significant unharvested
acreage of oats in Idaho, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, and South Dakota;
significant unharvested acreage of Durum wheat in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota; and a large
proportion of other spring wheat acreage not yet harvested in Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, and Washington. The unharvested area and expected production were included in the totals
published in this report.
NASS will re-contact respondents who previously reported acreage not yet harvested in these States. If the
newly collected data justifies any changes, NASS will update the September 30 estimates in the
November 8 Crop Production report. Stocks estimates are also subject to review since unharvested
production is included in the estimate of on-farm stocks.

All wheat production totaled 1.96 billion bushels in 2019, up 4 percent from the revised 2018 total of 1.89 billion bushels.
Area harvested for grain totaled 38.1 million acres, down 4 percent from the previous year. The United States yield was
estimated at 51.6 bushels per acre, up 4.0 bushels from the previous year. The levels of production and changes from 2018
by type were: winter wheat, 1.30 billion bushels, up 10 percent; other spring wheat, 600 million bushels, down 4 percent;
and Durum wheat, 57.7 million bushels, down 26 percent.
Oat production was estimated at 54.2 million bushels, up 1 percent from 2018 for comparable States. Yield was estimated
at 64.4 bushels per acre, down 0.9 bushel from the previous year for comparable States. Harvested area, at 842,000 acres,
was 2 percent above last year for comparable States.
Barley production was estimated at 171 million bushels, up 12 percent from the revised 2018 total of 154 million bushels.
The average yield per acre, at 77.4 bushels, was down 0.1 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded 2.72 million
acres in 2019, up 7 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 2.21 million acres, was up 12 percent from 2018.

This report was approved on September 30, 2019.

Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Warren P. Preston

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons

3

Contents
Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019 .......................................... 6
Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019 ..................................... 8
All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019.............................. 10
Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019........................ 12
Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019 .............. 14
Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019 ....................... 15
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2017-2019 ...................................................................................................... 15
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2018 and 2019............................................................................ 16
Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2018 and 2019 .................................. 17
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2015-2019 ................................................................................... 18
Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019 ........................................ 19
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic
Units – United States: 2018-2019 ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2018-2019 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 26

4

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This page intentionally left blank.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted 1
2017

2018

(1,000 acres)

Area harvested
2019

(1,000 acres)

2017

(1,000 acres)

2018

(1,000 acres)

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama 2 ..............................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado 2 ..............................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ...................................
Maine .....................................

40
11
110
50
50
50
35
115
100
22

40
10
110
95
60
40
40
135
120
21

(NA)
5
75
(NA)
70
60
70
215
120
22

10
8
10
9
15
10
20
42
25
21

15
7
6
7
15
10
25
33
18
19

(NA)
3
2
(NA)
15
12
10
69
18
19

Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Missouri .................................
Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

55
170
30
70
110
55
35
295
60
45

75
180
35
70
125
69
30
300
55
50

70
240
50
70
120
56
22
355
75
100

40
95
13
18
35
35
10
80
20
16

50
105
16
23
22
43
11
105
30
10

25
100
6
30
18
39
7
125
25
25

Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina 2 .....................
South Dakota .........................
Texas .....................................
Washington 2 ..........................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming 2 .............................

25
70
20
290
455
16
180
25

20
65
19
290
450
17
200
25

20
85
(NA)
245
400
(NA)
265
(NA)

10
40
8
60
60
4
85
5

5
35
7
95
50
4
90
9

9
50
(NA)
75
40
(NA)
120
(NA)

United States .........................

2,589

2,746

2,810

804

865

842

See footnote(s) at end of table.

6

--continued

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Oat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2017-2019 (continued)
State

Yield
2017

Production

2018

(bushels)

2019

(bushels)

2017

(bushels)

2018

(1,000 bushels)

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama 2 ..............................
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Colorado 2 ..............................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ..................................
Maine ....................................

60.0
85.0
65.0
65.0
49.0
71.0
79.0
77.0
54.0
67.0

63.0
75.0
70.0
50.0
71.0
84.0
83.0
63.0
49.0
67.0

(NA)
70.0
60.0
(NA)
55.0
90.0
65.0
58.0
64.0
74.0

600
680
650
585
735
710
1,580
3,234
1,350
1,407

945
525
420
350
1,065
840
2,075
2,079
882
1,273

(NA)
210
120
(NA)
825
1,080
650
4,002
1,152
1,406

Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Missouri .................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
New York ...............................
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

54.0
75.0
65.0
47.0
49.0
55.0
66.0
58.0
70.0
42.0

63.0
59.0
45.0
43.0
69.0
54.0
66.0
82.0
65.0
48.0

57.0
62.0
47.0
45.0
63.0
60.0
71.0
87.0
46.0
50.0

2,160
7,125
845
846
1,715
1,925
660
4,640
1,400
672

3,150
6,195
720
989
1,518
2,322
726
8,610
1,950
480

1,425
6,200
282
1,350
1,134
2,340
497
10,875
1,150
1,250

Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina 2 .....................
South Dakota .........................
Texas ....................................
Washington 2 .........................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming 2 .............................

83.0
58.0
51.0
70.0
45.0
42.0
59.0
85.0

99.0
46.0
62.0
82.0
50.0
46.0
61.0
57.0

99.0
53.0
(NA)
83.0
50.0
(NA)
54.0
(NA)

830
2,320
408
4,200
2,700
168
5,015
425

495
1,610
434
7,790
2,500
184
5,490
513

891
2,650
(NA)
6,225
2,000
(NA)
6,480
(NA)

United States .........................

61.7

64.9

64.4

49,585

56,130

54,194

(NA) Not available.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted 1

Area harvested

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alaska .................................
Arizona ...............................
California ............................
Colorado .............................
Delaware ............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas 2 .............................
Maine 2 ................................
Maryland .............................
Michigan 2 ...........................

(X)
20
75
70
32
530
(NA)
(NA)
50
(NA)

5
14
65
60
25
550
17
17
45
20

6
17
60
54
21
540
14
16
32
11

(X)
17
29
68
18
510
(NA)
(NA)
27
(NA)

4
11
26
53
14
530
6
16
24
5

5
14
43
52
14
520
4
15
17
8

Minnesota ...........................
Montana ..............................
New York 2 ..........................
North Carolina 2 ..................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania ......................
South Dakota 2 ....................
Utah ....................................
Virginia ................................

80
770
(NA)
(NA)
520
47
60
(NA)
25
30

80
790
10
11
470
43
45
48
21
30

70
920
10
11
580
40
35
37
17
30

68
565
(NA)
(NA)
400
38
45
(NA)
18
11

67
600
8
8
385
26
33
13
16
9

55
765
4
6
450
32
25
9
10
7

Washington .........................
Wisconsin 2 .........................
Wyoming .............................

95
(NA)
82

85
25
72

95
24
81

85
(NA)
63

67
10
51

85
8
66

United States 3 ....................

2,486

2,548

2,721

1,962

1,982

See footnote(s) at end of table.

8

2,214
--continued

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Barley Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2017-2019 (continued)
State

Yield
2017

Production

2018

(bushels)

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alaska .................................
Arizona ................................
California .............................
Colorado ..............................
Delaware .............................
Idaho ...................................
Kansas 2 ..............................
Maine 2 ................................
Maryland ..............................
Michigan 2 ............................

(X)
131.0
50.0
132.0
85.0
95.0
(NA)
(NA)
76.0
(NA)

43.0
100.0
69.0
145.0
78.0
101.0
31.0
73.0
70.0
43.0

38.0
126.0
66.0
138.0
80.0
105.0
33.0
84.0
85.0
44.0

(X)
2,227
1,450
8,976
1,530
48,450
(NA)
(NA)
2,052
(NA)

172
1,100
1,794
7,685
1,092
53,530
186
1,168
1,680
215

190
1,764
2,838
7,176
1,120
54,600
132
1,260
1,445
352

Minnesota ............................
Montana ..............................
New York 2 ...........................
North Carolina 2 ...................
North Dakota .......................
Oregon ................................
Pennsylvania .......................
South Dakota 2 .....................
Utah .....................................
Virginia ................................

76.0
51.0
(NA)
(NA)
65.0
62.0
70.0
(NA)
75.0
73.0

76.0
56.0
58.0
80.0
74.0
53.0
63.0
55.0
86.0
70.0

67.0
58.0
52.0
66.0
72.0
78.0
70.0
44.0
93.0
65.0

5,168
28,815
(NA)
(NA)
26,000
2,356
3,150
(NA)
1,350
803

5,092
33,600
464
640
28,490
1,378
2,079
715
1,376
630

3,685
44,370
208
396
32,400
2,496
1,750
396
930
455

Washington .........................
Wisconsin 2 ..........................
Wyoming .............................

53.0
(NA)
102.0

73.0
45.0
100.0

70.0
46.0
107.0

4,505
(NA)
6,426

4,891
450
5,100

5,950
368
7,062

United States 3 .....................

73.0

77.5

77.4

143,258

153,527

171,343

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates began in 2018.
3
Beginning in 2018, United States total includes data for Alaska. For 2017, Alaska data is not included in United States total.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted 1

Area harvested

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama ................................
Arizona ..................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Florida 2 .................................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................

150
115
200
420
2,260
75
20
160
1,175
500

160
96
175
425
2,260
75
15
200
1,191
600

130
34
110
420
2,150
60
(NA)
150
1,195
650

100
105
125
182
2,029
60
10
70
1,109
470

110
77
95
147
1,954
45
10
70
1,136
560

85
33
50
122
2,000
50
(NA)
50
1,130
550

Indiana ...................................
Iowa 2 .....................................
Kansas ...................................
Kentucky ................................
Louisiana 2 .............................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................

290
16
7,600
480
20
410
480
1,170
45
640

310
16
7,700
450
15
360
510
1,621
55
740

330
(NA)
6,900
460
(NA)
345
540
1,450
45
550

240
8
6,950
310
13
185
425
1,135
25
540

260
6
7,300
300
10
200
470
1,575
30
520

260
(NA)
6,500
330
(NA)
165
480
1,410
21
390

Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
Nevada 2 ................................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

5,140
1,120
29
23
330
140
450
6,680
490
4,500

5,390
1,100
23
18
320
110
460
7,735
490
4,400

5,450
1,070
(NA)
19
360
90
290
7,505
500
4,200

4,665
1,020
14
17
135
125
375
6,260
460
2,900

5,165
1,010
8
15
105
95
370
7,635
450
2,500

5,295
970
(NA)
14
105
66
225
7,365
385
2,750

Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
West Virginia 2 .......................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................

775
210
90
1,887
370
4,700
134
210
2,195
8
210
135

800
195
80
1,883
380
4,500
130
230
2,220
7
240
130

740
180
70
1,500
280
4,500
125
180
2,260
(NA)
195
125

763
150
75
1,196
275
2,350
120
145
2,140
4
170
105

770
145
65
1,628
285
1,750
103
155
2,165
3
200
115

730
140
45
1,385
215
2,050
116
105
2,205
(NA)
150
110

United States .........................

46,052

47,815

45,158

37,555

39,612

See footnote(s) at end of table.

10

38,052
--continued

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

All Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2017-2019 (continued)
State

Yield
2017

Production

2018

(bushels)

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama ................................
Arizona ..................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Florida 2 .................................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................

77.0
100.8
52.0
68.2
43.2
73.0
37.0
47.0
81.8
76.0

72.0
102.6
55.0
81.5
36.1
71.0
36.0
54.0
91.9
66.0

72.0
104.0
52.0
59.4
49.0
72.0
(NA)
56.0
87.8
67.0

7,700
10,589
6,500
12,404
87,598
4,380
370
3,290
90,723
35,720

7,920
7,898
5,225
11,985
70,504
3,195
360
3,780
104,410
36,960

6,120
3,432
2,600
7,244
98,000
3,600
(NA)
2,800
99,170
36,850

Indiana ..................................
Iowa 2 ....................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ................................
Louisiana 2 .............................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................

74.0
68.0
48.0
77.0
46.0
71.0
79.0
66.9
58.0
68.0

71.0
58.0
38.0
66.0
65.0
63.0
76.0
59.0
49.0
59.0

62.0
(NA)
52.0
76.0
(NA)
75.0
71.0
57.0
47.0
63.0

17,760
544
333,600
23,870
598
13,135
33,575
75,935
1,450
36,720

18,460
348
277,400
19,800
650
12,600
35,720
92,930
1,470
30,680

16,120
(NA)
338,000
25,080
(NA)
12,375
34,080
80,370
987
24,570

Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
Nevada 2 ................................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

27.3
46.0
105.7
64.0
30.0
67.0
55.0
37.9
74.0
34.0

38.3
49.0
112.5
62.0
15.0
69.0
57.0
47.6
75.0
28.0

42.2
57.0
(NA)
66.0
30.0
63.0
56.0
48.4
56.0
40.0

127,430
46,920
1,480
1,088
4,050
8,375
20,625
237,133
34,040
98,600

197,630
49,490
900
930
1,575
6,555
21,090
363,483
33,750
70,000

223,290
55,290
(NA)
924
3,150
4,158
12,600
356,300
21,560
110,000

Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas ....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia 2 .......................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ...............................

63.0
72.0
49.0
34.8
70.0
29.0
52.0
66.0
66.6
69.0
68.0
28.0

67.0
65.0
54.0
44.4
65.0
32.0
52.0
60.0
70.8
46.0
71.0
34.0

68.0
73.0
48.0
48.4
67.0
34.0
54.0
62.0
64.7
(NA)
64.0
43.0

48,069
10,800
3,675
41,678
19,250
68,150
6,240
9,570
142,500
276
11,560
2,940

51,590
9,425
3,510
72,294
18,525
56,000
5,356
9,300
153,210
138
14,200
3,910

49,640
10,220
2,160
67,100
14,405
69,700
6,264
6,510
142,735
(NA)
9,600
4,730

United States .........................

46.4

47.6

51.6

1,740,910

1,885,156

1,961,734

(NA) Not available.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Winter Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted 1
2017

2018

(1,000 acres)

Area harvested
2019

(1,000 acres)

2017

(1,000 acres)

2018

(1,000 acres)

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Alabama ................................
Arizona 2 ................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Florida 2 .................................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................

150
25
200
385
2,250
75
20
160
720
500

160
22
175
380
2,250
75
15
200
720
600

130
(NA)
110
390
2,150
60
(NA)
150
730
650

100
16
125
155
2,020
60
10
70
670
470

110
4
95
110
1,950
45
10
70
680
560

85
(NA)
50
100
2,000
50
(NA)
50
680
550

Indiana ...................................
Iowa 2 .....................................
Kansas ...................................
Kentucky ................................
Louisiana 2 .............................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota 2 ............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................

290
16
7,600
480
20
410
480
10
45
640

310
16
7,700
450
15
360
510
11
55
740

330
(NA)
6,900
460
(NA)
345
540
(NA)
45
550

240
8
6,950
310
13
185
425
5
25
540

260
6
7,300
300
10
200
470
5
30
520

260
(NA)
6,500
330
(NA)
165
480
(NA)
21
390

Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
Nevada 2 ................................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

1,750
1,120
14
23
330
140
450
70
490
4,500

1,650
1,100
13
18
320
110
460
85
490
4,400

2,000
1,070
(NA)
19
360
90
290
85
500
4,200

1,590
1,020
5
17
135
125
375
35
460
2,900

1,570
1,010
5
15
105
95
370
70
450
2,500

1,900
970
(NA)
14
105
66
225
70
385
2,750

Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
West Virginia 2 .......................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................

700
210
90
910
370
4,700
120
210
1,700
8
210
135

720
195
80
830
380
4,500
120
230
1,700
7
240
130

740
180
70
860
280
4,500
125
180
1,750
(NA)
195
125

690
150
75
520
275
2,350
108
145
1,650
4
170
105

695
145
65
660
285
1,750
94
155
1,650
3
200
115

730
140
45
770
215
2,050
116
105
1,700
(NA)
150
110

United States .........................

32,726

32,542

31,159

25,301

24,742

See footnote(s) at end of table.

12

24,327
--continued

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States:
2017-2019 (continued)
State

Yield
2017

Production

2018

(bushels)

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Alabama ................................
Arizona 2 ................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Florida 2 .................................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................

77.0
100.0
52.0
64.0
43.0
73.0
37.0
47.0
80.0
76.0

72.0
40.0
55.0
77.0
36.0
71.0
36.0
54.0
90.0
66.0

72.0
(NA)
52.0
50.0
49.0
72.0
(NA)
56.0
87.0
67.0

7,700
1,600
6,500
9,920
86,860
4,380
370
3,290
53,600
35,720

7,920
160
5,225
8,470
70,200
3,195
360
3,780
61,200
36,960

6,120
(NA)
2,600
5,000
98,000
3,600
(NA)
2,800
59,160
36,850

Indiana ..................................
Iowa 2 ....................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ................................
Louisiana 2 .............................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota 2 ............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................

74.0
68.0
48.0
77.0
46.0
71.0
79.0
45.0
58.0
68.0

71.0
58.0
38.0
66.0
65.0
63.0
76.0
60.0
49.0
59.0

62.0
(NA)
52.0
76.0
(NA)
75.0
71.0
(NA)
47.0
63.0

17,760
544
333,600
23,870
598
13,135
33,575
225
1,450
36,720

18,460
348
277,400
19,800
650
12,600
35,720
300
1,470
30,680

16,120
(NA)
338,000
25,080
(NA)
12,375
34,080
(NA)
987
24,570

Montana ................................
Nebraska ...............................
Nevada 2 ................................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina .......................
North Dakota .........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

42.0
46.0
107.0
64.0
30.0
67.0
55.0
37.0
74.0
34.0

50.0
49.0
120.0
62.0
15.0
69.0
57.0
43.0
75.0
28.0

50.0
57.0
(NA)
66.0
30.0
63.0
56.0
53.0
56.0
40.0

66,780
46,920
535
1,088
4,050
8,375
20,625
1,295
34,040
98,600

78,500
49,490
600
930
1,575
6,555
21,090
3,010
33,750
70,000

95,000
55,290
(NA)
924
3,150
4,158
12,600
3,710
21,560
110,000

Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas ....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia 2 .......................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ...............................

63.0
72.0
49.0
40.0
70.0
29.0
52.0
66.0
73.0
69.0
68.0
28.0

67.0
65.0
54.0
48.0
65.0
32.0
52.0
60.0
76.0
46.0
71.0
34.0

68.0
73.0
48.0
52.0
67.0
34.0
54.0
62.0
70.0
(NA)
64.0
43.0

43,470
10,800
3,675
20,800
19,250
68,150
5,616
9,570
120,450
276
11,560
2,940

46,565
9,425
3,510
31,680
18,525
56,000
4,888
9,300
125,400
138
14,200
3,910

49,640
10,220
2,160
40,040
14,405
69,700
6,264
6,510
119,000
(NA)
9,600
4,730

United States .........................

50.2

47.9

53.6

1,270,282

1,183,939

1,304,003

(NA) Not available.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Other Spring Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted
2017

2018

(1,000 acres)
Colorado 1 ...................
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
Nevada 1 .....................
North Dakota ...............
Oregon 1 .....................
South Dakota ..............
Utah 1 ..........................
Washington .................

10
430
1,160
2,500
15
5,350
75
970
14
495

United States ..............

11,019

State

Area harvested
2019

(1,000 acres)

2017

(1,000 acres)

2018

(1,000 acres)

10
460
1,610
2,900
10
6,550
80
1,050
10
520

(NA)
460
1,450
2,900
(NA)
6,700
(NA)
640
(NA)
510

9
415
1,130
2,290
9
5,050
73
670
12
490

13,200

12,660

10,148

Yield

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

4
445
1,570
2,820
3
6,490
75
965
9
515

(NA)
445
1,410
2,860
(NA)
6,600
(NA)
615
(NA)
505

12,896

12,435

Production

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Colorado 1 ...................
Idaho ...........................
Minnesota ...................
Montana ......................
Nevada 1 .....................
North Dakota ...............
Oregon 1 .....................
South Dakota ..............
Utah 1 ..........................
Washington .................

82.0
85.0
67.0
21.0
105.0
41.0
63.0
31.0
52.0
45.0

76.0
95.0
59.0
34.0
100.0
49.0
67.0
42.0
52.0
54.0

(NA)
89.0
57.0
37.0
(NA)
49.0
(NA)
44.0
(NA)
47.0

738
35,275
75,710
48,090
945
207,050
4,599
20,770
624
22,050

304
42,275
92,630
95,880
300
318,010
5,025
40,530
468
27,810

(NA)
39,605
80,370
105,820
(NA)
323,400
(NA)
27,060
(NA)
23,735

United States ..............

41.0

48.3

48.3

415,851

623,232

599,990

(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

14

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and
United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted
2017

2018

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Arizona ..............................
California ...........................
Idaho .................................
Montana ............................
North Dakota .....................
South Dakota 1 ...................

90
35
25
890
1,260
7

United States .....................

2,307

State

Area harvested
2019

2017

(1,000 acres)

2018

(1,000 acres)

74
45
11
840
1,100
3

34
30
5
550
720
(NA)

89
27
24
785
1,175
6

2,073

1,339

2,106

Yield
2017

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

73
37
11
775
1,075
3

33
22
5
535
695
(NA)

1,974

1,290

Production

2018

(bushels)

2019

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Arizona ..............................
California ...........................
Idaho .................................
Montana ............................
North Dakota .....................
South Dakota 1 ...................

101.0
92.0
77.0
16.0
24.5
18.0

106.0
95.0
85.0
30.0
39.5
28.0

104.0
102.0
81.0
42.0
42.0
(NA)

8,989
2,484
1,848
12,560
28,788
108

7,738
3,515
935
23,250
42,463
84

3,432
2,244
405
22,470
29,190
(NA)

United States .....................

26.0

39.5

44.8

54,777

77,985

57,741

(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2017-2019
[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data]
Crop

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Winter
Hard red ..............................
Soft red ................................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................

750,132
293,222
23,724
203,204

662,249
285,558
19,347
216,785

833,181
239,166
19,954
211,702

Spring
Hard red ..............................
Hard white ...........................
Soft white .............................
Durum .................................

384,193
8,772
22,886
54,777

587,007
13,510
22,715
77,985

558,901
11,960
29,129
57,741

Total ....................................

1,740,910

1,885,156

1,961,734

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Wheat Class Percentage Estimates
The following percentages are the basis for the United States wheat production by class estimates each year. These
estimates are based on the latest varietal or class survey data available. These end-of-season percentages will be used
during the 2020 forecast season. However, if an unusual situation significantly distorts a State’s normal distribution, then
updated percentages will be used to forecast the production by class.
Winter Wheat Production Distribution by Class – States: 2018 and 2019
State

Hard red

Soft red

Hard white

Soft white

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Alabama ................................
Arizona 1 ................................
Arkansas ................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Delaware ...............................
Florida 1 .................................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................

2
99
88
91
20
-

2
(NA)
88
94
(NA)
20
-

98
99
100
92
99
100

98
(NA)
100
100
(NA)
100
100

1
1
7
9
-

(NA)
7
6
(NA)
-

5
8
1
80
-

(NA)
5
(NA)
80
-

Indiana ...................................
Iowa 1 .....................................
Kansas ...................................
Kentucky ................................
Louisiana 1 .............................
Maryland ................................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota 1 ............................
Mississippi .............................
Missouri .................................

48
96
100
1

(NA)
96
(NA)
(NA)
1

100
52
1
100
100
100
59
100
99

100
(NA)
1
100
(NA)
90
61
(NA)
100
99

3
-

(NA)
3
(NA)
(NA)
-

41
-

(NA)
(NA)
10
39
(NA)
-

Montana .................................
Nebraska ...............................
Nevada 1 ................................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio .......................................
Oklahoma ..............................

100
93
36
100
3
100
99

100
94
(NA)
100
6
100
99

99
94
100
100
1

(NA)
100
92
100
100
1

7
-

6
(NA)
-

64
1
3
-

(NA)
2
-

Oregon ...................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Carolina .......................
South Dakota .........................
Tennessee .............................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................
Virginia ...................................
Washington ............................
West Virginia 1 .......................
Wisconsin ..............................
Wyoming ................................

8
1
100
93
72
14
9
3
86

8
100
96
74
14
(NA)
2
97

98
100
100
7
100
90
97
-

100
100
100
4
100
(NA)
98
-

1
14

2
(NA)
3

92
1
27
86
1
-

92
24
86
(NA)
-

- Represents zero.
(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

16

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Other Spring Wheat (excluding Durum) Production Distribution by Class – States: 2018 and 2019
State

Hard red

Hard white

Soft white

2018

2019

2018

2019

2018

2019

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Colorado 1 .....................
Idaho ............................
Minnesota .....................
Montana .......................
Nevada 1 .......................
North Dakota ................
Oregon 1 .......................
South Dakota ................
Utah 1 ...........................
Washington ..................

66
50
100
100
6
100
66
100
57
54

(NA)
40
100
100
(NA)
100
(NA)
100
(NA)
27

15
31
4
1
4
1

(NA)
29
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2

19
19
90
33
39
45

(NA)
31
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
71

- Represents zero.
(NA) Not available.
1
Estimates discontinued in 2019.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Winter Wheat Head Population
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat estimating States during
2019. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat fields were visited monthly from May through harvest to obtain specific
counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.
Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2015-2019
State

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

Colorado
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

51.1
49.3
49.3

43.0
43.6
43.6

43.4
43.2
43.2

40.6
41.0
41.0

49.3
50.8
50.8

Illinois
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

56.7
56.9
56.9

57.4
57.3
57.3

56.4
56.4
56.4

60.9
60.9
60.9

48.1
49.2
49.2

Kansas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

43.1
43.1
43.1

54.7
54.7
54.7

44.3
44.6
44.6

37.3
37.3
37.3

46.9
47.2
47.2

Missouri
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

52.5
52.5
52.5

53.7
53.7
53.7

53.9
53.9
53.9

53.7
53.7
53.7

56.4
56.4
56.4

Montana
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

48.9
47.7
47.7

54.6
55.2
55.2

44.4
46.2
46.2

44.1
44.8
44.7

45.2
43.5
43.1

Nebraska
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

47.9
47.6
47.6

60.2
60.3
60.3

52.5
53.3
53.3

50.5
50.4
50.4

53.1
53.7
53.7

Ohio
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

51.0
51.2
51.2

58.0
58.0
58.0

58.2
58.2
58.2

70.3
70.3
70.3

52.0
53.0
53.0

Oklahoma
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

39.6
39.4
39.4

41.8
41.8
41.8

35.7
35.7
35.7

32.9
32.4
32.4

38.1
38.1
38.1

Texas
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

34.3
34.3
34.2

34.4
34.4
34.5

26.6
26.8
26.8

30.9
30.9
31.1

34.3
34.3
34.5

Washington
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

31.3
31.3
31.3

36.1
35.3
35.5

34.3
35.8
35.7

41.8
42.3
42.3

34.2
34.3
34.6

10 State
July ..................................................
August .............................................
Final .................................................

42.8
42.4
42.4

48.3
48.4
48.4

41.2
41.7
41.7

40.1
40.1
40.2

44.0
44.1
44.2

18

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Rye Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017-2019
State

Area planted 1

Area harvested

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Georgia 2 ............................
Minnesota ...........................
North Dakota ......................
Oklahoma ...........................
Pennsylvania ......................
Wisconsin ...........................

210
(D)
(D)
260
(D)
(D)

190
(D)
(D)
240
(D)
(D)

(D)
50
85
260
100
220

25
(D)
(D)
45
(D)
(D)

15
(D)
(D)
50
(D)
(D)

(D)
18
57
55
14
20

Other States 3 .....................

1,491

1,581

1,150

230

208

146

United States ......................

1,961

2,011

1,865

300

273

310

State

Yield

Production

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(bushels)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Georgia 2 ............................
Minnesota ...........................
North Dakota ......................
Oklahoma ...........................
Pennsylvania ......................
Wisconsin ...........................

19.0
(D)
(D)
24.0
(D)
(D)

26.0
(D)
(D)
22.0
(D)
(D)

(D)
39.0
45.0
27.0
26.0
34.0

475
(D)
(D)
1,080
(D)
(D)

390
(D)
(D)
1,100
(D)
(D)

(D)
702
2,565
1,485
364
680

Other States 3 .....................

37.8

33.4

33.1

8,697

6,942

4,826

United States ......................

34.2

30.9

34.3

10,252

8,432

10,622

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
1
Includes area planted in preceding fall.
2
Beginning in 2019, estimates included in Other States.
3
In 2017 and 2018, Other States include Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Beginning in 2019, Other States include Georgia,
Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Texas.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units –
United States: 2018-2019
Crop

Area planted
2018
(1,000 acres)

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop

Area harvested
2019

2018

(1,000 acres)
2,548
2,746
2,011
47,815
32,542
2,073
13,200

2019

(1,000 acres)
2,721
2,810
1,865
45,158
31,159
1,339
12,660

(1,000 acres)
1,982
865
273
39,612
24,742
1,974
12,896

Yield per acre
2018

Production
2019

(bushels)
Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................

2,214
842
310
38,052
24,327
1,290
12,435

2018

(bushels)
77.5
64.9
30.9
47.6
47.9
39.5
48.3

2019

(1,000 bushels)
77.4
64.4
34.3
51.6
53.6
44.8
48.3

(1,000 bushels)

153,527
56,130
8,432
1,885,156
1,183,939
77,985
623,232

171,343
54,194
10,622
1,961,734
1,304,003
57,741
599,990

Small Grain Annual Summary Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units –
United States: 2018-2019
Crop

Area planted
2018

2019

2018

2019

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................
Crop

Barley ..................................
Oats .....................................
Rye ......................................
Wheat, all .............................
Winter ................................
Durum ................................
Other spring .......................

20

Area harvested

1,031,150
1,111,280
813,830
19,350,250
13,169,420
838,920
5,341,910

1,101,160
1,137,180
754,750
18,274,990
12,609,740
541,880
5,123,380

802,100
350,060
110,480
16,030,580
10,012,840
798,860
5,218,880

Yield per hectare

895,980
340,750
125,450
15,399,260
9,844,890
522,050
5,032,320

Production

2018

2019

2018

2019

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

4.17
2.33
1.94
3.20
3.22
2.66
3.25

4.16
2.31
2.15
3.47
3.60
3.01
3.24

3,342,660
814,720
214,180
51,305,540
32,221,540
2,122,400
16,961,600

3,730,550
786,620
269,810
53,389,650
35,489,150
1,571,450
16,329,050

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Comments
Oats: Production was estimated at 54.2 million bushels, up 1 percent from 2018 for comparable States. Yield was
estimated at 64.4 bushels per acre, down 0.9 bushel from the previous year for comparable States. Harvested area, at
842,000 acres, was 2 percent above last year for comparable States. Record low acres were harvested in Arkansas,
California, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, Missouri, and North Carolina.
Record high yields were estimated in Idaho and North Dakota.
Nationally, oat producers had seeded 50 percent of the 2019 acreage by May 5, four percentage points behind the previous
year and 22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fifty-three percent of the oat acreage had emerged by May 19,
eleven percentage points behind the previous year and 23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading of the oat
acreage advanced to 58 percent complete by June 30, twenty-two percentage points behind the previous year and
23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Oat producers had harvested 32 percent of the acreage by August 4,
seventeen percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. At that time, harvest progress was at or behind
the 5-year average in 8 of the 9 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. Eighty-four percent of the Nation’s oat acreage
was harvested by September 1, nine percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year
average.
Beginning in 2019, oat estimates were discontinued in Alabama, Colorado, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming.
Barley: Production was estimated at 171 million bushels, up 12 percent from the revised 2018 total of 154 million
bushels. The average yield, at 77.4 bushels per acre, was down 0.1 bushel from the previous year. Producers seeded
2.72 million acres in 2019, up 7 percent from 2018. Harvested area, at 2.21 million acres, was up 12 percent from 2018.
Record high yields were estimated in Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming.
Two percent of the Nation’s barley was planted by April 7, one percentage point behind the previous year and
7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationwide, barley producers had seeded 28 percent of the Nation’s
acreage by April 28, four percentage points ahead of the previous year but 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
By April 28, emergence was evident in 6 percent of the Nation’s barley acreage, equal to the previous year but
9 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, 94 percent of the barley acreage was sown by June 2,
two percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-three percent
of the barley acreage had emerged by June 2, seven percentage points behind the previous year and 12 percentage points
behind the 5-year average. Heading of the Nation’s barley acreage advanced to 55 percent complete by July 7,
nineteen percentage points behind the previous year and 20 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By August 4,
barley producers had harvested 3 percent of the Nation’s acreage, 11 percentage points behind the previous year and
15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 74 percent of the barley acreage was reported in good to
excellent condition on August 11, compared with 81 percent at the same time last year. By September 22,
ninety-two percent of the barley acreage was harvested, 7 percentage points behind both the previous year and 5-year
average.
Winter wheat: Winter wheat production for 2019 totaled 1.30 billion bushels, up 10 percent from the revised 2018 total
of 1.18 billion bushels. The United States yield, at 53.6 bushels per acre, was up 5.7 bushels from 2018. Area harvested
for grain was estimated at a record low 24.3 million acres, down 2 percent from the previous year. Record high yields
were estimated in Colorado, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming for
2019.
Compared with 2018, harvested acreage was up 1 percent, or 185,000 acres, in the major Hard Red Winter (HRW)
growing States, the primary winter wheat producing area. As a result of the increased harvested acreage and higher yields
in 2019, HRW production totaled 833 million bushels, up 26 percent from 2018.
In the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area, planted and harvested acreage decreased from 2018. SRW production totaled
239 million bushels, down 16 percent from 2018.
Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

White winter production totaled 232 million bushels, down 2 percent from the previous year. Harvested acreage in the
Pacific Northwest (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) was up 3 percent from 2018. Yields were up in Oregon but down in
Idaho and Washington compared with last year.
Seeding of the 2019 winter wheat acreage began in early September with 5 percent of the intended 2019 acreage sown by
September 9, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year average. Winter wheat planting progress was most advanced
in the Pacific Northwest as of September 9. By the end of September, producers had sown 43 percent of the
Nation’s winter wheat acreage, 9 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year
average. Nationwide, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was emerged by September 30, four percentage points ahead of
the previous year but unchanged from the 5-year average. Emergence was at or behind the 5-year average pace in 11 of
the 18 weekly Crop Progress estimating States.
By October 7, producers had sown 57 percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage, 11 percentage points ahead of the
previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By October 28, producers had sown 78 percent of the
Nation’s winter wheat acreage, 5 percentage points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Winter wheat planting was nearing completion in 6 of the 18 weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that
time. Nationally, emergence was 63 percent complete by October 28, unchanged from the previous year but 4 percentage
points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 53 percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent
condition on October 28, compared with 52 percent at the same time the previous year.
By November 4, producers had sown 84 percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage, 6 percentage points behind both the
previous year and the 5-year average. Nationally, emergence was 70 percent complete by November 4, four percentage
points behind the previous year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 51 percent of the
2019 winter wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition on November 4, 2018, four percentage points below
the same time the previous year. By November 25, winter wheat planting was complete or nearing completion in all
weekly Crop Progress estimating States except Arkansas, California, Missouri, and North Carolina, with 95 percent of the
Nation’s winter wheat acreage sown, 4 percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average.
Nationally, winter wheat emergence was 86 percent complete by November 25, five percentage points behind the
previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 55 percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage
was rated in good to excellent condition on November 25, five percentage points above the same time the previous year.
On March 31, fifty-six percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, compared
with 32 percent at the same time last year.
By April 7, three percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, equal to last year but
1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Sixty percent of the 2019 winter wheat acres was reported in good to
excellent condition as of April 7, thirty percentage points above the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest
winter wheat-producing State, 58 percent of the acreage was rated in good to excellent condition at that time. In Texas,
where areas of the State had been abnormally to moderately dry, 47 percent of the winter wheat acreage was in rated good
to excellent condition.
By May 12, forty-two percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 1 percentage point
behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. For the week ending May 12, sixty-four percent of
the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 28 percentage points above the same time last
year. In Kansas, 56 percent of the winter wheat crop was rated in good to excellent condition at that time, a decrease of
2 percentage point from the previous week.
As of June 2, seventy-six percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 6 percentage points
behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Heading progress was behind by 30 percentage points
or more compared with the 5-year average in Michigan, Nebraska, and South Dakota at that time. On June 2,
sixty-four percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 27 percentage points
above the same time last year. Harvest of the 2019 acreage began in early June with eight percent harvested by June 16,
seventeen percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest was at or behind
22

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

the 5-year average in all of the weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that time. By June 30, ninety-seven percent of
the Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year
average. Twenty-eight percent of Kansas’s winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 30, forty percentage points behind
last year and 33 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 30, sixty-three percent of the 2019 winter wheat
acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 26 percentage points above the same time last year.
Forty-seven percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was harvested by July 7, fourteen percentage points behind both last
year and the 5-year average. Eighty-two percent of the 2019 winter wheat acreage was harvested by August 4,
seven percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest
progress continued with advances of 16 percentage points or more reported in Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, Oregon,
South Dakota, and Washington during the week ending August 4.
Harvest of the 2019 acreage was wrapping up by late August. Ninety-six percent was harvested by August 25,
four percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Winter wheat harvest progress
was complete or nearing completion in all weekly Crop Progress estimating States except Idaho, Montana, South Dakota,
and Washington.
Beginning in 2019, winter wheat estimates were discontinued in Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada,
and West Virginia.
Other spring wheat: Production for 2019 was estimated at 600 million bushels, down 4 percent from the 2018 total of
623 million bushels. Harvested area totaled 12.4 million acres, down 4 percent from 2018. The United States yield was
estimated at 48.3 bushels per acre, tied with the 2018 record high. A record high yield was estimated in North Dakota for
2019. Of the total production, 559 million bushels were Hard Red Spring wheat, down 5 percent from the 2018 total.
Seeding of the 2019 spring wheat acreage began in early April. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year
average pace in all 6 weekly Crop Progress estimating States and planting had not yet begun in the Northern Plains as of
April 7. By April 28, thirteen percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 4 percentage points ahead of last year but
20 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year average pace in
all weekly Crop Progress estimating States at that time.
By May 12, forty-five percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 9 percentage points behind last year and
22 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat planting progress was behind the 5-year average pace in
all weekly Crop Progress estimating States. By May 12, ten percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged,
3 percentage points behind the previous year and 24 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
By June 2, ninety-three percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 3 percentage points behind both last year and the
5-year average. South Dakota was the furthest behind compared with the State’s 5-year average pace. Sixty-nine percent
of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage had emerged by June 2, nine percentage points behind the previous year and
15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On June 2, eighty-three percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage was
rated in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points above the same time last year.
Fifty-six percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acres had reached the headed stage by July 7, twenty-two percentage points
behind last year and 17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Based on conditions as of July 7,
seventy-eight percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points
above the previous week but 2 percentage points below the same time last year.
Harvest of the 2019 spring wheat acreage began during the week ending August 4. At that time, two percent of the spring
wheat was harvested, 10 percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Harvest
progress was behind the 5-year average in all 6 weekly Crop Progress estimating States. On August 4,
seventy-three percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, 1 percentage point
below the same time last year.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

As of September 1, fifty-five percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested, 31 percentage points behind last year and
23 percentage points behind the 5-year average. On September 1, sixty-seven percent of the Nation’s spring wheat acreage
was rated in good to excellent condition, 7 percentage points below the same time last year. By September 22,
eighty-seven percent of the spring wheat acreage was harvested, 12 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage
points behind the 5-year average. Spring wheat harvest progress was complete or nearing completion in all weekly
Crop Progress estimating States, except Montana and North Dakota.
Beginning in 2019, spring wheat estimates were discontinued in Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah.
Durum wheat: Production for 2019 was estimated at 57.7 million bushels, down 26 percent from the revised 2018 total
of 78.0 million bushels. Area harvested for grain totaled 1.29 million acres, down 35 percent from the previous year. The
United States yield was estimated at a record high 44.8 bushels per acre, up 5.3 bushels from the 2018 yield. Record high
yields were estimated in Montana and North Dakota for 2019. Production in North Dakota, the largest Durum
wheat-producing State, was down 31 percent from 2018. Declines in production are attributed to declines in harvested
acres across the Nation. Harvest began in the two major Durum-wheat producing States of Montana and North Dakota in
early August. As of September 22, harvest was 51 percent complete in Montana and 73 percent complete in North Dakota.
Beginning in 2019, Durum wheat estimates were discontinued in South Dakota.
Rye: Production for 2019 was estimated at 10.6 million bushels, up 41 percent from the 2018 total for comparable States.
Harvested area totaled 310,000 acres, up 65,000 acres from 2018 for comparable States. The United States yield, at
34.3 bushels per acre, was up 3.5 bushels from the previous year for comparable States.
Beginning in 2019, rye estimates were discontinued in Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Virginia.

24

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology
Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted to gather information on small grain
acreage, yield, and production. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted for 74 percent of the
2019 winter wheat production. Early in the growing season, farm operators were interviewed to seek permission to
randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. Throughout the growing season, counts such as number
of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were collected from these plots. The plots were revisited each
month until crop maturity when the heads were clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator harvested the
sample field, enumerators revisited the sample to collect data in order to measure harvesting loss.
Data from operators was collected by mail, internet, telephone, or personal interview to obtain information on crop
acreage, yield and production for the 2019 crop year. Approximately 63,100 producers were interviewed during the first
two weeks of September and asked questions pertaining to planted and harvested area as well as yield and production.
Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared with previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits an estimate and written
analysis for their State to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data, administrative data, and
the State analysis to prepare the estimates published in this report.
Revision Policy: Estimates contained in this report may be revised in the Crop Production Annual Summary report
published in January should new information become available. Previous year acreage, yield, and production estimates
can be revised in the Small Grain Summary published the following year, if new information is available that would
justify a change. Estimates will also be reviewed after data for the 5-year Census of Agriculture are available. No
revisions will be made after that date.
Reliability: The surveys used to make the acreage, yield, and production estimates contained in this report are subject to
sampling and non-sampling type errors that are common to all surveys. Reliability of the objective yield and farmer
survey must be treated separately because the survey designs for the two surveys are different. The objective yield
indications are subject to sampling variability because all acres of winter wheat are not included in the sample.
The farm operator survey indications are also subject to sampling variability because all operations with small grains are
not included in the sample. This variability, as measured by the relative standard error at the National level, is
approximately 1.7 percent for winter wheat, 6.3 percent for Durum wheat, and 4.0 percent for other spring wheat. This
means that chances are approximately 95 out of 100 that survey estimates for production will be within plus or minus
3.4 percent for winter wheat, 12.6 percent for Durum wheat, and 8.0 percent for other spring wheat of the value that could
be developed by averaging the estimates produced from all possible samples selected from the same population and
surveyed using the same procedures. The relative standard errors for barley, oats, and rye are 4.8, 4.9, and 11.3 percent,
respectively.
Survey indications are also subject to non-sampling errors such as omission, duplication, imputation for missing data, and
mistakes in reporting, recording, and processing the data. These errors cannot be measured directly, but they are
minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for
consistency and reasonableness.

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

25

Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
David Colwell – Current Agricultural Industrial Reports ................................................................ (202) 720-8800
Chris Hawthorn– Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ............................................................................... (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Jeff Lemmons – Oats, Soybeans ...................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
Jannety Mosley – Crop Weather, Barley.......................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Sammy Neal – Peanuts, Rice ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Chris Singh – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ........................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369

26

Small Grains 2019 Summary (September 2019)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
 Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The
new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new
website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the
new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or
subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist [email protected] in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].