Form FRA F 6180.161L FRA F 6180.161L Sample Car Inspection Checklist for S-2044 Appendix D-1:

Safety Appliance Concern Recommendation Report; Safety Appliance Standards Guidance Checklist Forms

FRA F6180.161L - Appendix D1

Safety Appliance Concern Recommendation Report; Safety Appliance Standards Guidance Checklist Forms

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  US Department of Transportation
   Federal Railroad Administration      
Inspector(s): 
Builder: 
ITEM 
Hand Brake

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
        Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks

Inspection Location: 
Car Initial and Number:  
 Car Type:  

Date:   
  No. of cars to be Built:

Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application       

Appendix Reference

Each car shall have at least one AAR-approved vertical-wheel or lever hand brake that
complies with MSRP Section E, Standard S-475 and that operates in harmony with the power
brake equipment on the car. Total braking force applied to the brake shoes by the hand brake
shall comply with the requirements of MSRP, Section E Standard S-401, but in any event shall
be not less than that developed by 50 psi brake cylinder pressure. The hand brake wheel and
chain drum of vertical-wheel hand brakes shall be arranged so that both will revolve when
applying and gradually releasing the hand brake. The hand brake shall be provided with
means to prevent application of the brake by turning the brake wheel in a counterclockwise
direction.

Appendix D1, 2.1.1

The brake wheel of vertical-wheel hand brakes shall have a nominal diameter of 16 in., 18 in.,
20 in., or 22 in. The brake wheel shall be of shallow configuration and shall be of steel or
other material of equivalent strength.
The hubs of 22 in. hand brake wheels shall be 2 5/8 in. deep with a square tapered fit to the
shaft. The taper on the brake wheel hub and shaft shall be 1 in. in 12 in. on each side, or 2 in.
in 12 in. total, with the small end of the shaft opening 7/8 in. square. The brake wheel shall be
secured to the brake shaft with an American National Standard 7/8—9 heavy hex nut and
3/16 in. × 1 1/2 in. cotter, or their equivalent.

Appendix D1, 2.1.2 

Appendix D1, 2.1.3 

The attachment of hand brake wheels to the shaft shall be such that only wheels of the same    Appendix D1, 2.1.4 
nominal diameter and depth can be applied. The attachment of brake wheels of 16 in., 18 in.,
or 20 in. nominal diameter shall provide an equal or greater degree of safety as that required
in paragraph 2.1.3.
Location 

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

The hand brake shall be located so that it can be safely operated from the car while the car is 
in  motion and safely operated from the ground while the car is stationary. The hand brake on 
cars  equipped with one hand brake shall be applied on the left side of the car at the B end. 
The hand  brakes on cars equipped with more than one hand brake shall be located as 
specified in  paragraph 9.0 of the base standard.  

Appendix D1, 2.2.1 

When the tip of the operating lever of lever hand brakes is swung through its arc of travel, the  
closest point of that arc shall be located in the longitudinal direction not less than 4 in. nor 
more  than 12 in. inboard of the inside surface of the inboard vertical leg of the sill step. In 
addition, the  closest point of the arc of travel shall be not more than 16 in. inboard of the 
inboard clearance  point of the side handhold closest to 46 in. above the lowest sill step tread.

Appendix D1, 2.2.2

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Region: 
Builder Job No. 

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

  US Department of Transportation
   Federal Railroad Administration      
ITEM 

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
       Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks

Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application        

Appendix Reference  

It is preferred that the hand brake is located such that the hand brake housing and arc of
travel of the release lever do not project above the deck of the car. In any event, the tip of the
operating lever, when in the released position, shall be not less than 4 in. above the lowest sill
step tread nor more than 48 in. above the top of rail. The tip of the hand brake lever on
flatcars equipped for the application of vehicle superstructures shall be not more than 56 in.
above the top of rail.
The center of the hand brake shaft of vertical‐wheel hand brakes shall be located in the   
longitudinal direction not more than 21 in. from the inside face of the inboard vertical leg of 
the  sill step and shall be not less than 26 in. above the lowest sill step tread nor more than 46 
in.   above the highest sill step tread. In addition, the center of the hand brake shaft shall be 
not more  than 61 in. above the top of rail. 

Appendix D1, 2.2.3 

Clearance around the rim of the hand brake wheel or the grip portion of the hand brake   
operating lever throughout its full range of travel shall be not less than 4 in. Clearance 
between  the grip portion of the release lever, if used, throughout its full range of travel and 
any part of  the car shall be not less than 2 ½ in.  

Appendix D1, 2.2.4 

If the hand brake application is such that the requirements of paragraph 2.2.4 can be met only  
with hand brakes having short hand brake release levers or only with long release levers, but 
not  both, the car shall be marked adjacent to the hand brake in 1 ½ in. high letters “SHORT 
(LONG)  RELEASE LEVER BRAKE ONLY”.  

Appendix D1, 2.2.5 

The hand brake housing shall be securely fastened. The hand brake application, including bolt  
hole pattern, shall conform to MSRP Section E, Standard S‐475.

Appendix D1, 2.3.1  

The hand brake chain shall conform to the requirements of S‐475, but in any event shall have  
minimum working load of 5,875 lb. and minimum proof test of 11,750 lb.

Appendix D1, 2.3.2 

Hand brake rods shall be not less than ¾ in. diameter.

Appendix D1, 2.3.3  

Sill Steps 

There shall be four sill steps.

Appendix D1, 3.1  

Dimensions

Sill steps shall conform to the requirements of Standard S‐2042. Minimum usable length of 
tread shall be 14 in.  

Appendix D1, 3.2.1 

Manner of Application

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

  US Department of Transportation
   Federal Railroad Administration      
ITEM 

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
       Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks      

Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application        

 Appendix Reference 

Sill steps shall be of steel not less than 1/2 in. thick, shall be not less than 4 in. wide, and shall
be provided with a slip-resistant surface.

Appendix D1, 3.2.2 

Sill steps shall have sufficient treads such that the top tread is not more than 21 in. below a
side handhold having foot guards at both ends. If there is no side handhold having foot guards
above the sill step at both ends, the top sill step tread shall be not more than 21 in. below the
deck of the car. Sill step treads shall be spaced not more than 21 in. apart.

Appendix D1, 3.2.3 

The clear depth above the entire usable length of all sill step treads shall be not less than 8 in.
The minimum clear width of the lowest tread shall taper uniformly from 6 in. at the tread
surface to 4 in. at 8 in. above the tread. The clear width so specified shall apply for both
loaded and empty conditions with the trucks rotated to simulate the maximum curvature
specified for the uncoupled car.

Appendix D1, 3.2.4       
Appendix D1, 3.2.5 

One sill step shall be applied near each end of each side of the car. The sill steps shall be
located in the longitudinal direction such that the inside face of the outboard vertical leg of the
sill step is not more than 2 in. inboard of the outboard clearance point of any side handhold.
The inside face of the inboard vertical leg of the sill step shall be not less than 16 in. from the
outboard clearance point of any horizontal side handhold. These requirements do not apply to
additional handholds applied in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 4.3.2.

Appendix D1, 3.3.1 

In the transverse direction, the outside edge of any sill step tread shall be not more than 6 in.
inboard or outboard of the inside surface of the lowest adjacent side handhold. In addition,
the outside edge of any sill step tread shall be not more than 4 in. inboard of any car structure
below the clear length of the lowest adjacent side handhold.

Appendix D1, 3.3.2 

The lowest tread shall be not more than 24 in. above the top of rail.

Appendix D1, 3.3.3 

Manner of Application 

Sill steps shall be securely fastened to the car. 

Appendix D1, 3.4  

Side Handholds  

There shall be not less than six side handholds, two at each corner of the car at which a hand
brake is located, two at the diagonally opposite corner, and one at each of the other corners.

Appendix D1, 4.1 

Dimensions

Handholds shall be of steel not less than 3/4 in. diameter and shall conform to the
requirements of Standard S-224. Minimum clear length shall be 16 in. Minimum clearance
shall be 2 in., preferably 2 1/2 in.

Appendix D1, 4.2

Location 

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

  US Department of Transportation   
   Federal Railroad Administration      
ITEM 

   Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
   Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks

  Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application        

Location

The side handholds shall be oriented horizontally near each end on each side of the car. One
side handhold shall be located at each corner of the car not more than 48 in. above the top of
rail. A second side handhold shall be located at each corner of the car at which a hand brake is
located and at the diagonally opposite corner located not less than 42 in. nor more than 57 in.
above the lowest sill step tread.

Appendix Reference  
Appendix D1, 4.3.1 

The clearance points of the outboard end of the side handholds shall be not more than 40 in.,         Appendix D1, 4.3.2 
preferably not more than 12 in., from the inside surface of the nearest end handhold. If the
outboard clearance point of the lowest side handhold at any corner is more than 12 in. from
the inside surface of the nearest end handhold, an additional side handhold conforming to
the requirements of paragraph 4.3.3 shall be applied.
If additional handholds are applied to conform to the requirements of paragraph 4.3.2, their
outboard clearance points shall be not more than 12 in. from the inside surface of the nearest
end handhold, they shall have clear length not less than 10 in., and they shall be not less than
22 in. and not more than 45 in. above the top of rail. No part of the additional side handholds
may extend beneath the clear length of the other side handholds.

Appendix D1, 4.3.3  

Transverse handholds may be applied in place of the second side handholds of paragraph
4.3.1. The transverse handholds shall be located with the inside surface of the horizontal
portion not more than 30 in. in the longitudinal direction from the tip of the hand brake
operating lever when the lever is located as in paragraph 2.2.2 and not more than 2 in. from
the inside face of the outboard leg of the sill step. The handhold shall be of solid steel not less
than 1 in. diameter with the length between the vertical legs not less than 18 in. The inside
surface of the outboard vertical leg shall be not less than 4 in. nor more than 7 in. in the
transverse direction from the inside surface of the side handhold and the top of the
horizontal portion shall be not less than 40 in. nor more than 50 in. above the lowest sill step
tread.

Appendix D1, 4.3.4  

When applied, side handholds adjacent to articulated connectors or drawbar connections of            Appendix D1, 4.3.5 
multi-unit cars shall conform to the requirements of paragraph 4.2.
Manner of Application

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

Side handholds and transverse handholds shall be securely fastened.

Appendix D1, 4.4      

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

  US Department of Transportation
   Federal Railroad Administration      
ITEM 

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
        Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks        

Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application        

Appendix Reference  

End	Handholds

There	shall	be	four	end	handholds.

Appendix	D1,	5.1	

Dimensions	

Handholds	shall	be	of	steel	not	less	than	¾	in.	diameter	and	shall	conform	to	the		
requirements	of	Standard	S‐224.	Minimum	clear	length	shall	be	16	in.	Minimum	clearance		
shall	be	2	in.,	preferably	2	½	in.	

	Appendix	D1,	5.2	

Location

The end handholds shall be oriented horizontally, one near each side of each end of the car on   
the end sill.

Appendix D1, 5.3.1 

The	clearance	points	of	the	outboard	end	of	the	end	handholds	shall	be	not	more	than	18	
in.			 from	the	inside	surface	of	the	nearest	side	handhold	at	its	outboard	end	and	in	addition	
shall		be	not	more	than	16	in.	from	the	car	structure	adjacent	to	the	side	handhold. 

Appendix	D1,	5.3.2	

The end handholds shall be not more than 45 in. above the top of rail.

Appendix D1, 5.3.3

Manner of Application           End	handholds	shall	be	securely	fastened.										

Appendix D1, 5.4

Deck Slots 

Deck	slots	are	not	required,	but	when	applied,	there	shall	be	four	pair,	one	pair	at	each															 Appendix	D1,	6.1	
corner	of	the	car.		

Dimensions

Deck	slots	shall	be	not	less	than	2	½	in.	nor	more	than	3	in.	wide.	Each	pair	of	slots	shall
consist	of	two	slots	in	line	longitudinally,	each	slot	having	straight	edges	not	less	than	6	in.		
long.	The	longitudinal	distance	between	the	ends	of	the	two	slots	shall	be	not	less	than	6	in.		
and	not	more	than	16	in.,	measured	between	the	ends	of	the	straight	edges.	The	corners	of	
all		edges	of	the	slots	shall	be	rounded,	and	the	slots	shall	have	corner	radii	not	less	than	½	
in.	

Appendix	D1,	6.2.1	

The	thickness	of	the	deck	at	the	straight	edge	of	the	deck	slots	closest	to	the	side	of	the	car							 Appendix	D1,	6.2.2	
shall	be	not	less	than	¾	in.	but	not	greater	than	1	5/8	in.	The	¾	in.	minimum	thickness	
shall		extend	not	less	than	1	in.	beyond	the	straight	portion	of	the	edge	of	each	slot	in	each	
direction.		

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

  US Department of Transportation
   Federal Railroad Administration      
ITEM 

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S‐2044 Appendix D‐1 
        Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks        

Number ‐ Dimensions ‐ Location ‐ Manner of Application        
The space under the deck within 4 in. from the outboard longitudinal edge of the slot shall
have not less than 2 1/2 in. vertical clearance for the entire length of the slot. This clearance
shall exist for all conditions, including wear, spring deflection from empty car to loaded car,
and truck rotation for the tightest horizontal and vertical curves for which the car is
constructed to negotiate when coupled to another car.

Location 

Uncoupling Device

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

Appendix Reference  
      Appendix D1, 6.2.3 

The long direction of the deck slots shall be parallel to the side of the car.

Appendix D1, 6.3.1 

In the transverse direction, the edge of the deck slot closest to the side of the car shall be not
less than 8 in. nor more than 25 in. from the widest part of the car above the adjacent sill step.

Appendix D1, 6.3.2 

In the longitudinal direction, the end of the deck slot closest to the end of the car shall be not
more than 2 in. inboard of the inside face of the outboard leg of the adjacent sill step.

Appendix D1, 6.3.3 

There shall be a minimum of two uncoupling devices that conform to the requirements of the
base standard.

Appendix D1, 7.0 

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes   

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

US Department of Transportation
Federal Railroad Administration

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S-2044 Appendix D-1
Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks

ITEM

Number - Dimensions - Location - Manner of Application

Appendix Reference

Uncoupling Devices

Uncoupling devices and their application shall conform to MSRP Section S, Part III, Standard
S-129, S-131, S-133, or S-134; or Specification M-961.

S-2044 (Base Standard)

One uncoupling device shall be applied at the left side of the B end of the car (BL corner) and
one at the right side of the A end of the car (AR corner).

S-2044

Under all operating conditions, the outside surface of the uncoupling device handles shall be
not more than 12 in. closer to the car center than the inside surface of the adjacent side
handholds.

S-2044

There shall be not less than 2 in. clearance, preferably 2 ½ in., around the uncoupling device
handles for a length not less than the lowest 4 in. of straight handles and not less than 4 in. in
the grip portion of handles having clearly defined grip portions. The lower ends of the handles
shall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 15 in. below the top surface of the uncoupling
device at the device support and not less than 15 in. above the top of rail.

S-2044

Uncoupling device mounting brackets shall be securely fastened to the car with fasteners not
less than 5/8 in. diameter.

S-2044

Stenciling

Car initial, numbers and built date stenciled on the car.

49 CFR Part 215.301

Reflectorization.

Reflectorization must meet all requirements. Attached Drawing

49 CFR Part 224

Coupler Height

Verify coupler height 31½ inch minimum, 34½ inch maximum.

49 CFR Part 231.31(a)(1)

Power Brakes

Except for cars equipped with nominal 12-inch stroke (8 ½ and 10-inch diameters) brake
cylinders, all cars shall have a legible decal, stencil, or sticker affixed to the car or shall be
equipped with a badge plate displaying the permissible brake cylinder piston travel range for
the car at Class I brake tests and the length at which the piston travel renders the brake
ineffective, if different from Class I brake test limits. The decal, stencil, sticker, or badge plate
shall be located so that it may be easily read and understood by a person positioned safely
beside the car.

49 CFR Part 232. 103

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes

Expires xx/xx/xxxx

OMB No. 2130-0565

US Department of Transportation
Federal Railroad Administration

ITEM

Sample Car Inspection Checklist for: S-2044 Appendix D-1
Safety Appliances for Flatcars with Full Decks

Number - Dimensions - Location - Manner of Application

Appendix Reference

All equipment ordered on or after August 1, 2002, or placed in service for the first
time on or after April 1, 2004, shall have train brake systems designed so that an
inspector can observe from a safe position either the piston travel, an accurate
indicator which shows piston travel, or any other means by which the brake system
is actuated. The design shall not require the inspector to place himself or herself on,
under, or between components of the equipment to observe brake actuation or
release.
SCT

A single car air brake test shall be performed on each new car prior to placing or using
the car in revenue service.

Miscellaneous

Check for any sharp or protruding objects or areas on the equipment that may create a safety concern or personal injury.

49 CFR Part 232.305

Check for potential pinch points at all safety appliance arrangements.
Digital Photos

General Arrangement Photo Sheet ~ No Deviations Noted (six photos minimum, A & B ends, each corner at 45 degree angle)
Deviation Photo Sheet ~ As many photos as necessary to fully depict, document and illustrate deviations
of S-2044 Appendix D1 or CFR Parts (e.g. 215, 224 & 232)

FRA F 6180.161 L (09/20)

OMB No. 2130-0565
FRA F6180.161 L

Notes


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