QID Agricultural Resource Management Survey - Soybean Produc

^{AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SURVEY}

OMB No. 0535-0218

Approval Expires: 7/31/2022 Project Code: 906

SurveyID: 2085 Phase 2

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Operations Division 9700 Page Avenue, Suite 400 St. Louis, MO 63132-1547 Phone: 1-888-424-7828

Fax: 855-415-3687

E-mail: [email protected]v

SOYBEANS PRODUCTION PRACTICES REPORT FOR 2020

VERSION 77

ID

TRACT 01

SUBTRACT

C-TYPE 120

CONTACT RECORD

DATE	TIME	NOTES
INTRODUCTION: [Introduced yourself, and ask for the operator. Rephrase in your own words.] The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your responses will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses any identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential Information Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 107-347 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary. According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number is 0535-0218. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 50 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. We encourage you to refer to your farm records during the interview.

BEGINNING TIME

[MILITARY]

• [Name, address and partners verified and updated if necessary.]

POID			POID
PARTNER NAME			PARTNER NAME
ADDRESS			ADDRESS
CITY	STATE ZIP	PHONE NUMBER	CITY	STATE ZIP	PHONE NUMBER
POID			POID
PARTNER NAME			PARTNER NAME
ADDRESS			ADDRESS
CITY	STATE ZIP	PHONE NUMBER	CITY	STATE ZIP	PHONE NUMBER

A SPRING WHEAT FIELD SELECTION A

1. How many total acres of spring wheat did this operation plant for the 2020 crop year?........................ .

Total Planted Acres

[If no acres planted, review Screening Survey Information Form, make notes, then go to Conclusion on back page.]

0020

Total Number of Fields Planted

2. What is the total number of spring wheat fields that were planted on this operation?...........................

[If only one field, enter "1" and go to item 4.]

3. Please list these fields according to identifying name/number or describe each field. Then I will tell you which field has been selected.

[If there are more than 18 fields, make sure item 2 is total fields planted and list only the 18 fields closest to the operator's permanent residence. If respondent is unable to identify or describe the fields, use the Field Selection Grid Supplement.]

	FIELD NAME, NUMBER OR DESCRIPTION			FIELD NAME, NUMBER OR DESCRIPTION
1			10
2			11
3			12
4			13
5			14
6			15
7			16
8			17
9			18

APPLY "RANDOM NUMBER" LABEL HERE

Office Use

OY Field Substituted 0022

[Enumerator Action: Circle the pair of numbers on the above label associated with the last numbered field in item 3. Select the field according to the number you circled on the label, and record the selected number. If only one field, enter "1".]...............................................................................................................

Selected Field Number

0021

4. The field selected is (field name/number/description).

During this interview, the spring wheat questions will be about this selected spring wheat field. [Be sure the operator can identify the selected field.]

5. How many acres of spring wheat were planted in this field for the 2020 crop?......................................

1301

.

Acres

3. 
   NUTRIENT or FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD C

1. Were commercial nutrients or fertilizers applied to the selected field for the 20 soybean crop? INCLUDE those from operators, landlords, and contractors.....................................................................................................

Yes=1 No=3

Code

Office Use Edit Table

^{[If commercial nutrient or fertilizer applied, continue, else go to Section D.]} Number

2. 

   0203

   How many commercial nutrient or fertilizer applications were made to the selected field for the 2019 crop? INCLUDE applications made by airplanes and custom applicators...........................................

3. Now I need to record information for each application.

CHECKLIST
INCLUDE Custom applied nutrients or fertilizers Nutrients or fertilizers applied in the fall of 2018 and those applied earlier if the selected field was fallow in 2018. Commercially prepared manure or compost	EXCLUDE Micronutrients Unprocessed manure Nutrients or fertilizers applied to previous crops in the selected field Lime and gypsum/landplaster
		Office Use Lines in Table	Table 001	0299

Application Codes for Column 6

1. Broadcast, ground without incorporation 5 In irrigation water

2. Broadcast, ground with incorporation 6 Chisel/injected or knifed in 3 Broadcast, by aircraft 7 Banded in or over row

4 In seed furrow 8 Foliar or directed spray

L I N E	2 Materials Used [Enter percentage analysis or actual pounds of plant nutrients applied per acre.] [Show Common Nutrients or Fertilizers in Respondent Booklet]				3 What quantity was applied per acre? [Leave this column blank if actual nutrients were reported]	4 [Enter material code] 1 Pounds 12 Gallons 19 Pounds of actual nutrients	5 When was this applied? In the fall before seeding In the spring before seeding At seeding After seeding	6 How was this applied? [Refer to code list above]	7 How many acres in the selected field were treated in this application? Acres
	N Nitrogen	P2O5 Phosphate	K2O Potash	S Sulfur
01	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
02	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
03	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
04	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
05	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
06	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
07	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .
08	31	32	33	34	36	37	38	39	40 .

NOTES:

3. 
   BIOCONTROL or PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS--SELECTED FIELD D

Now I have some questions about all the biocontrols or pesticides used on the selected field for the 2020 soybean

crop, including both custom applications and applications made by this operation.

1. Were any herbicides, insecticides, fungicides or other biocontrols or pesticides used on this spring wheat field for the 2020 crop?.........................

Yes=1 No=3

Code

Office Use Edit Table

[Probe for applications made in the fall of 2019 and those made earlier if the selected field was fallow.] If no biocontrols or pesticides applied, go to Section E.

INCLUDE defoliants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and other pesticides INCLUDE biological and botanical pesticides.	EXCLUDE adjuvants, nutrients or fertilizers reported earlier and seed treatments.
		Office Use Line in Table	Table 001	0399

Chemical Product Name	L I N E	2 What products were applied to the selected field? [Show product codes from Respondent Booklet.]	3 Was this product bought in liquid or dry form? [Enter L or D]	4 If this was part of a tank mix, enter line number of first product in mix.	5 When was this applied? 1 Before planting At planting After planting Defoliation prior to harvest	6 7 OR		8 [Enter unit code] 1 Pounds Gallons Quarts Pints Liquid Ounces 28 Dry Ounces 30 Grams
						How much was applied per acre per application?	What was the total amount applied per application in the selected field?
	01	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	02	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	03	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	04	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	05	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	06	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	07	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	08	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	09	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	10	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	11	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	12	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74
	13	61		63	64	65 .	73 .	74

2. For biocontrols or pesticides not listed in Respondent Booklet, specify--

Pesticide Type

Where Purchased

Line

(Herbicide, Insecticide, Fungicide, etc.)

EPA No. or Trade Name and Formulation

Form Purchased (Liquid or Dry)

(Ask only if EPA No. cannot be reported)

Applications Codes for Column 9

1. Broadcast, ground without incorporation

2. ^{Broadcast, ground with incorporation}

3. ^{Broadcast, by aircraft}

4. ^{In seed furrow}

5. ^{In irrigation water}

6. Chiseled/injected or knifed in

7. Banded in or over row

8. Foliar or directed spray

9. Spot treatments

L I N E	9 How was this product applied? [Enter code from above.]	10 How many acres in the selected field were treated with this product? Acres	11 How many times was it applied? Number	12 Were these applications made by-- Operator, partner, or family member? Custom applicator? Employee/Other?
01	76	77 .	79	80
02	76	77 .	79	80
03	76	77 .	79	80
04	76	77 .	79	80
05	76	77 .	79	80
06	76	77 .	79	80
07	76	77 .	79	80
08	76	77 .	79	80
09	76	77 .	79	80
10	76	77 .	79	80
11	76	77 .	79	80
12	76	77 .	79	80
13	76	77 .	79	80

3. 
   PEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES E

Now I have some questions about your pest management decisions and practices used on the selected field for the 2020 soybean crop. By pests, we mean weeds, insects, and diseases.

[Enumerator Action: Were pesticide applications reported in Section D?]

• ^{Yes - Continue ☐ No - Go to item 4} Code

1. Were weather data used to assist in determining either the need or when to make pesticide applications?..............................................................................................................................

2. Were any biological pesticides such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), insect growth regulators, neem or other natural/biological based products sprayed or applied to manage pests in the selected field?............................................................................................................................

3. Were pesticides with different mechanisms of action rotated or tank mixed for the primary purpose of keeping pests from becoming resistant to pesticides?.............................................

4. Were records kept for the selected field to track the activity or numbers of weeds, insects, or diseases?...................................................................................................................................

5. 

   1. By deliberately going to the field specifically for scouting activities [Enter code 1 and go to item 7.]

   2. ^{By conducting general observations while} performing routine tasks [Enter code 2 and go to item 9.]

   3. ^{The selected field was not scouted. [Enter code 3} and go to item 11.]

   Did you use published information on infestation thresholds to determine when to take measures to manage pests in the selected field?......................................................................

6. In 2020, how was the selected field primarily scouted for insects, weeds, diseases, and/or beneficial organisms?.....................................

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3

............

0800

Code

0801

0802

0823

0824

Code

0808

7. Was an established scouting process such as systematic sampling, recording counts, etc. used or were insect traps used in the selected field?................................................................

8. Was scouting for pests done in the selected field due to--

a. a pest advisory warning?.....................................................................................................

b. a pest development model?................................................................................................

Yes=1 No=3

0809

Yes=1 No=3

Yes=1 No=3

1 9. Was this soybean field scouted for--	2 Yes=1 No=3	3 [If Yes, ask--] What was the infestation level for [column 1]? Higher than normal Normal Lower than normal Code	4 [If column 2 = Yes, ask--] Who did the majority of the scouting for [column 1]? Operator, partner or family member An employee Farm supply or chemical dealer Independent crop consultant or commercial scout Code
a. weeds?.........................................	0812	0813	0814
b. insects or mites?..........................	0815	0816	0817
c. diseases?.....................................	0818	0819	0820

10. 

    		Code
    Yes=1	0825
    No=3
    		Code
    Yes=1	0841
    No=3
    Yes=1	0842
    No=3
    Yes=1	0843
    No=3
    Yes=1	0844
    No=3
    Yes=1	0845
    No=3
    Yes=1	0846
    No=3
    Yes=1	0847
    No=3
    Yes=1	0848
    No=3
    Yes=1	0849
    No=3
    Yes=1	0850
    No=3
    Yes=1	0851
    No=3
    Yes=1	0852
    No=3
    Yes=1	0854
    No=3
    Yes=1	0855
    No=3
    Yes=1	0856
    No=3
    Yes=1	0857
    No=3
    Yes=1	0865
    No=3
    		Code
    Yes=1	0853
    No=3
    Yes=1	0858
    No=3
    Yes=1	0863
    No=3
    Yes=1	0864
    No=3
    		Code
    Yes=1	0861
    No=3

    
    

    Did you use field mapping of previous weed problems to assist you in making weed management decisions?............................................................................................................

11. Did you do any of the following other types of pest management for the specific purpose of managing or reducing the spread of pests in the selected field?

    1. Use the services of a diagnostic laboratory for pest identification or soil plant tissue pest analysis for the selected field?.............................................................................................

b. Plow down crop residue using conventional tillage?............................................................

c. Remove/burn down crop residue?........................................................................................

4. Rotate crops in the selected field during the past three years?............................................

4. Maintain ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers?.............................................

4. Choose crop variety because of specific resistance to a certain pest?................................

g. Use no-till or minimum till?...................................................................................................

h. Plan planting locations to avoid cross infestation of pests?..................................................

i. Adjust planting or harvesting dates?....................................................................................

10. Chop, spray, mow, plow, or burn field edges, lanes, ditches, roadways, or fence lines?......

11. Clean equipment and field implements after completing field work to reduce the spread of pests?...................................................................................................................................

l. Adjust row spacing, plant density, or row directions?...........................................................

m. Have the seed treated for insect or disease control after you purchased the seed for the selected field?......................................................................................................................

n. Maintain a beneficial insect or vertebrate habitat?...............................................................

o. Maintain buffer strips or border rows to isolate spring wheat from non-organic crops or land, or did you take a buffer harvest?.................................................................................

p. Use a flamer to kill weeds?..................................................................................................

q. Plant earlier or later to avoid weeds?...................................................................................

10. Were any beneficial organisms, such as insects, nematodes, or fungi, applied or released in the selected field to manage pests?...........................................................................................

11. Were floral lures, attractants, repellants, pheromone traps, or other biological pest controls used on the selected field?.........................................................................................................

10. Was a trap crop, excluding fallow, grown to help manage insects in the selected field?.............

10. Was the selected field left fallow in 2018 to help manage insects on the selected field?............

11. Were water management practices such as irrigation scheduling, controlled drainage, or treatment of retention water used on the selected field to manage pests or toxin-producing fungi and bacteria?.....................................................................................................................

Completion Code for Pest Management Data
1 Incomplete/Refusal	0500

E-1 PEST MANAGMENT PRACTICES E-1

1. For the selected field, were any of the following pesticide spraying practices or activities used in 2020? Pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides nematicides and plant growth regulators (PGR).

{Enumerator Note: Column 4: Choose items 1 – 5 and/or 6 for a write-in response.}

[ Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity		1. Was this used in 2020? 1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	2 [Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Was it specifically used to keep pesticide application(s) on target (i.e., reduce pesticide drift)? 1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	3 [Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Considering labor, training, capital expenditures, and other costs, how easy or difficult was it to implement this practice or activity? Very Easy Somewhat Easy Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult	4 [Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.] Why was this practice or activity not used? Check all that apply. Cost of labor/training Cost of associated equipment/products Incompatible with current production practices (e.g., topography, equipment limitations) General time management issues/too busy Unfamiliar with activity or practice Other, specify:
a. Altering spray time(s) depending on weather conditions (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, temperature)		5170	5171	5172	5173 5174 Specify:
		5175	5176	5177	5178
b.	Drift reducing
	adjuvant(s)				5179 Specify:
		5180	5181	5182	5183
c. Drift reducing
nozzle(s)					5184 Specify:
d. Increased gallons per		5185	5186	5187	5188
acre (GPA) spray solution					5189 Specify:
		5190	5191	5192	5193
e.	Calibrate sprayer
	before the season				5194 Specify:
		5195	5196	5197	5198
f. Calibrate sprayer
during the season					5199 Specify:
g.	Manually altering sprayer settings to improve the spray precision (e.g., altering spray pressure, ground speed, and/or boom height)	5200	5201	5202	5203 5204 Specify:

(Continued) Pesticide Spraying Practice or Activity	1 Was this used in 2020? 1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	2	3	4
		[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Was it specifically used to keep pesticide application(s) on target (i.e., reduce pesticide drift)? 1 Yes 3 No 99 Don't Know	[Complete column for every "Yes" in Column 1.] Considering labor, training, capital expenditures, and other costs, how easy or difficult was it to implement this practice or activity? Very Easy Somewhat Easy Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult	[Complete column for every "No" in Column 1.] Why was this practice or activity not used? Check all that apply. Cost of labor/training Cost of associated equipment/products Incompatible with current production practices (e.g., topography, equipment limitations) General time management issues/too busy Unfamiliar with activity or practice Other, specify:
h. Adopting the use of technologies to improve the spray precision (e.g., on/off nozzle spray technology, GPS boom section controls, automatic boom height stabilization, and/or infrared technology)	5205	5206	5207	5208 5209 Specify:
i. Shielded sprayers	5210	5211	5212	5213 5214 Specify:
j. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (e.g., Aim Command, Raven's Hawk Eye, John Deere's Exact Apply)	5215	5216	5217	5218 5219 Specify:
k. Other - Specify:	5220	5221	5222	5223
5225
				5224
				Specify:

2. Pre-emergence pesticide applications are pesticides that are applied both prior to planting and/or before the emergence of the soybeans for early-season pest management. For the selected field, did this operation make any pre-emergence pesticide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?

5231

5230

5232

Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below Yes, made pre-emergence pesticide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 3

No, did not make pre-emergence pesticide applications - Go to item 3

	Pre-emergence Pesticide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers	Code
a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for pre-emergence pesticide applications?	1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA 2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know	5233
b. What is the typical operating pressure for pre- emergence pesticide application (PSI)?	1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI 2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI 3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI 4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know	5234
c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any pre-emergence pesticide applications? (Select one)	Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air- Full Cone induction, Venturi Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify: Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5236 99 Don't know	5235
d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during pre- emergence pesticide applications?	<5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know	5237
e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during pre-emergence pesticide applications?	<24 inches 3 36 inches or greater 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know	5238
f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for pre-emergence pesticide applications?	extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse 404-502 (Less than 106 microns) microns fine 106-235 microns 6 extremely coarse (503-665 medium (236-340 microns) microns) coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than 665 microns) 99 Don't know	5239

3. Post-emergence herbicide applications are made to control weeds that occur after emergence of the soybeans. For the selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?

⁵²⁴¹ Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below

⁵²⁴⁰ Yes, made post-emergence herbicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 4

⁵²⁴² No, did not make post-emergence herbicide applications - Go to item 4

	Post-emergence Herbicide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers	Code
a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for post-emergence herbicide applications?	1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA 2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know	5243
b. What is the typical operating pressure for post-emergence herbicide application (PSI)?	1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI 2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI 3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI 4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know	5244
c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any post-emergence herbicide applications? (Select one)	Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air- Full Cone induction, Venturi Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify: Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5246 99 Don't know	5245
d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during post- emergence herbicide applications?	<5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know	5247
e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during post-emergence herbicide applications?	<24 inches 3 36 inches or greater 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know	5248
f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for post-emergence herbicide applications?	extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse (404-502 (Less than 106 microns microns) fine (106-235 microns) 6 extremly coarse (503-665 medium (236-340 microns) microns) coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than 665 microns) 99 Don't know	5249

4. Post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications are made to control pests that occur after emergence of the soybeans. For the selected field, did this operation make any post-emergence insecticide and/or fungicide applications using aerial sprayers and/or ground boom sprayers in 2020?

⁵²⁵¹ Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using ground boom sprayers - Complete table below

⁵²⁵⁰ Yes, made post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications using aerial sprayers - Go to item 21

⁵²⁵² No, did not make post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications - Go to item 21

	Post-emergence Insecticide/Fungicide Applications Using Ground Boom Sprayers	Code
a. What was the typical spray volume (gallons per acre-GPA) for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?	1 <5 GPA 5 15 to <20 GPA 2 5 to <7.5 GPA 6 20 to <25 GPA 7.5 to <10 GPA 7 25 GPA or greater 10 to <15 GPA 99 Don't know	5253
	1 <10 PSI 7 60 to <70 PSI	5254
b. What is the typical operating pressure for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide application (PSI)?	2 10 to <20 PSI 8 70 to <80 PSI 3 20 to <30 PSI 9 80 to <90 PSI 4 30 to <40 PSI 10 90 to <100 PSI 5 40 to <50 PSI 11 100 PSI or greater
	6 50 to <60 PSI 99 Don't know
c. What nozzles were typically used most often for any post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications? (Select one)	Hollow Cone 5 Air-inclusion (AI), Air- Full Cone induction, Venturi Disc/Core Nozzle 6 Other: specify: Flat (e.g., flat fan) 5256 99 Don't know	5255
d. At what ground speed was this ground boom sprayer(s) typically driven during post- emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?	<5 MPH 4 15 to <20 MPH 5 to <10 MPH 5 20 MPH or greater 10 to <15 MPH 99 Don't know	5257
e. At what boom height above ground or crop canopy did this operation typically spray during post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?	<24 inches 3 36 inches or greater 24 to <36 inches 99 Don't know	5258
f. What is the target droplet size spectrum for post-emergence insecticide/fungicide applications?	extremely fine or very fine 5 very coarse (404-502 (Less than 106 microns) microns) fine (106-235 microns) 6 extremely coarse (503-665 medium (236-340 microns) microns) coarse (341-403 microns) 7 ultra coarse (Greater than 665 microns) 99 Don't know	5259

5. For the selected field, which of the following spraying practices resulted in a sprayer re-calibration in 2020? Check all that apply.

⁵²⁶¹ Computer calibration alert system

⁵²⁶² Change in product being applied

⁵²⁶³ Observed change in spray pattern (e.g., from worn nozzles)

⁵²⁶⁴ Scheduled calibration (e.g., daily, monthly, annually)

⁵²⁶⁵ When moving to a different block or crop

⁵²⁶⁶ Other, specify: ^{5268 5267} None of the above

6. For the selected field, when did this operation clean the ground boom sprayer tank system in 2020? Check all that apply.

5271	Before the season
5272	After the season
5273	Depended on the product(s)
5274	Regularly scheduled cleaning

5275

5276

Other, specify: ⁵²⁷⁷

Never

[Enumerator Note: If respondent answered code 1 - 5 for item 22, ask item 22a and 22b, otherwise go to item 23. Skip 22b if no herbicides are used on the selected field.]

1. 

   1. Always (100%)

   2. Often (51% or more)

   3. Sometimes (50% or less)

   4. Never (0%)

   99 Don't know

   For each time that the ground boom sprayer was cleaned, how often was a tank cleaner used?.......

2. Did this operation use separate spray rigs for herbicide applications?

.....................

Code

5279

5280

Code

1 ^{Yes 3}

^{No 99}

Don't know.................................................................

7. For the selected field, what material were a majority of the nozzles made of that were used across all pesticide applications made in 2020? Select one.

⁵²⁸¹ 1 ^{Plastic, such as Polypropylene (i.e. Poly or PP) or other types}

2 ^{Aluminum, brass, or other soft metal(s)}

3 ^{Stainless steel including hardened stainless steel}

4 ^{Porcelain or other ceramic materials}

5 ^{Other, specify: 5282}

8. For the selected field, what were the most common reasons for replacing the nozzles on the sprayers in 2020? Check all that apply.

⁵²⁹¹ Regularly scheduled calendar-based replacement (i.e., annually, twice annually, monthly, etc.)

⁵²⁹² Regularly scheduled replacement based on operating time (i.e., sprayer operating hours)

⁵²⁹³ Sporadic replacement based on area covered or general intuition (i.e., it feels like the right time to change nozzles)

⁵²⁹⁴ Calibration problems (i.e., too high or too low a flow rate)

⁵²⁹⁵ Observed nozzle damage (e.g., change in spray pattern or leaks)

⁵²⁹⁶ Availability of new nozzle technologies

⁵²⁹⁷ Expert and/or consultant recommendations (e.g., Cooperative Extension, crop consultants, etc.)

1 0%

2 1% to 25%

3 26% - 50%

4 51% - 75%

₅ 76% - 100%

₉₉ Don't know

⁵²⁹⁸ Other, specify: ^{5290 5299} None of the above

9. For the selected field, on what proportion did this

operation use hedge rows or other wind-breaking structures that are at least one and a half times the

height of the crop canopy for drift reduction in 2020?.........

..................................

NOTES:

10. How often were the following sources of information used to inform pest management decisions in 2020?

Sources of Information		1 How often was this source of information used? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know Code	2 Which of these sources was this operation's primary source of pest management decisions? Select one. Primary Not primary Code
a.	Pesticide product labels....................................................................	5301	5302
b.	University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension resources/recommendations.............................................................	5303	5304
c. Non-university literature, such as trade magazines, catalogues, newspapers, etc ......		5305	5306
d. Commodity/trade groups		5307	5308
e.	Pesticide sales representatives and/or farm supply distributors.......	5309	5310
f.	Crop consultants paid for by the operation........................................	5311	5312
g.	Other grower(s).................................................................................	5313	5314
h.	Commercial or other non-university decision tools...........................	5315	5316
i.	Weather forecasting tools..................................................................	5317	5318
j.	Other, Specify:5319 ..........	5320	5321

11. [If 26b, column 1 equals 1, 2, or 3, ask--] Which of the following types of services offered by the University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension were most often used as sources of pest management decisions in 2020?

University and/or Agricultural Cooperative Extension Services		How often was this source of information used?
		Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know Code
a.	Formal presentations (e.g., annual meetings, educational trainings)..........	5322
b.	Field days/demonstration workshops..........................................................	5323
c.	Farm visits and/or one-on-one consultation.................................................	5324
d.	Email lists.....................................................................................................	5325
e.	Newsletters and blogs..................................................................................	5326
f.	Crop and/or Pest Protection Handbook.......................................................	5327
g.	Other publications (e.g., fact sheets)...........................................................	5328
h.	Decision tools..............................................................................................	5329
i.	Other, Specify:5330 ..........	5331

12. For the selected field, how often were the following practices used during the season to manage herbicide, fungicide and insecticide resistance in 2020?

	Only complete if operation uses herbicides	Only complete if operation uses fungicides	Only complete if operation uses insecticides
Practice to Manage Resistance for Herbicide, Fungicide and Insecticide	How often was each practice used on this operation to manage herbicide resistance?	How often was each practice used on this operation to manage fungicide resistance?	How often was each practice used on this operation to manage insecticide resistance?
	Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know
a. Field mapping weeds and/or keeping records of field history and pesticide use to assist pesticide decisions.....................	5332	5333	5334
b. Field Management/Sanitation Practices...
i. For weed control (e.g., crop rotation, tillage, planting cover crops, managing field borders, preventing field-to-field and within field movement of weed seed)..................	5335
ii. For disease control (e.g., removing or incorporating field residue to reduce potential disease infestations, managing field borders)		5336
iii. For insect control (e.g., removing or incorporating field residue to reduce potential insect infestations, managing field borders).....................			5337
c. Planting insect-resistant (e.g. aphids) and/or disease-resistant varieties of soybeans.......	........	5338	5339
d. Pre-harvest and/or post-harvest control of weeds and/or disease to reduce the return of weed seeds and/or seed-borne diseases...................................................	5340	5341
e. Use of pest diagnostic tools (e.g., Integrated Pest Management (IPM) treatment thresholds; predictive weather models (e.g., degree day models); pest forecasting systems, and/or assistance from diagnostic networks)........................		5342	5343
f. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) rotation.	5344	5345	5346
g. Pesticide Mode of Action (MOA) combination (i.e., tank mix or pre-mix product)....................................................	5347	5348	5349

13. In an effort to reduce off-target impacts to plants, pollinators, and/or beneficial insects, did this operation communicate with or consult any of the following sources in 2020? Check all that apply.

5351	Neighboring crop producers
5352	Nearby beekeepers
5353	A local expert, such as an Agricultural Cooperative Extension agent
5354	State managed pollinator protection plans, or MP3s (MP3s are state-developed efforts that intend to reduce pesticide exposure through timely communication and coordination among beekeepers, growers,
	pesticide applicators, and landowners)
5355	Driftwatch - Driftwatch is a voluntary communication tool that enables crop producers, beekeepers, and
	pesticide applicators to work together to protect crops and apiaries through the use of mapping programs.

5356

5357

Other communication methods, Specify: ⁵³⁵⁸

Other, Specify: ⁵³⁵⁹

14. How often were the following Best Management Practice (BMPs) used during the season in 2020?

		1	2
Best Management Practices		How often was this practice used? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know	[Only answer if column 1 = 1, 2, or 3] Was this practice specifically used to prevent exposure to bees? Always (100%) Often (51% or more) Sometimes (50% or less) Never (0%) 99 Don't know
a.	Avoid crop bloom time applications.....................................	5520	5521
b. Make applications when temperatures are below 50°F.............................................................................		5522	5523
c. Maintain buffer between known beehive locations......		5524	5525
d. Select pesticides that have the lowest residual toxicity to bees.............................................................		5526	5527
e. Use alternative application methods of an active ingredient to prevent bee exposure (e.g., non-foliar applications when bees are foraging)..........................		5528	5529
f. Avoid applications when dew is forecast.....................		5530	5531
g. Manage blooming plants in the field before applying pesticides that are acutely toxic to bees (e.g., mowing).............................................................		5532	5533
h. Make application(s) at nighttime or no more than two hours prior to sunset.............................................		5534	5535
i. Other, Specify:5536 .....		5537	5538

15. Are the spraying practices for other fields in this operation similar to the spraying practices for this selected field?

5360 _{1 Yes}

3 ^{No - Please explain the difference:5366}

99 ^{Don't know}

16. In 2020, which of the following auditing systems, if any, did this operation participate in? Check all that apply.

⁵³⁶¹ GLOBAL G.A.P.

⁵³⁶² Safe Quality Food (SQF) Program

⁵³⁶³ Other, specify:⁵³⁶⁵

⁵³⁶⁴ This operation did not participate in an auditing system

⁵³⁶⁹ Don't know

CONCLUSION

1. To receive the complete results of this survey on the release date, go to http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/

1095

To have a brief summary emailed to you at a later date, please enter your email address.

[Enumerator Note: Thank the respondent, then review this questionnaire.] _{H H M M}

0005

2. Ending time [Military].............................................................................................................................

RECORD USE

3. ^{[Did respondent use farm/ranch records to report--]} CODE Yes=1

a. [fertilizer data?]..................................................................................................................

b. [pesticide data?]................................................................................................................

SUPPLEMENTS USED

3. [Record the total number of each type of questionnaire supplement used to

complete this interview.......................................................................................................

No=3

Yes=1 No=3

Fertilizer Supplements

Pesticide Supplements

NUMBER

	9910					9911
Reported by:	M	M	D	D	19	Telephone( )

OFFICE USE
R. Unit	Ptr 1 Str		Ptr 2 Str		Ptr 3 Str			Ptr 4 Str	OPS			SSO 1	ADJ	Optional Use
9921	9922		9923		9927			9928	923			9907	922	9906		9916
Response				Respondent			Mode				Enum.		POID
1-Comp 2-R Inac Office Hold		9901		1-Op/Mgr 2-Spouse 3-Acct/Bkpr 4-Partner 9-Other		9902	PATI (tel) PAPI (Face-to- Face)			9903	9998		9989
													Eval.		Change
													9900		9985