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pdfNASS Highlights
July 2017
•
No. 2017-4
2016 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE SURVEY
AGRICULTURAL
VegetableUSE
Crops
CHEMICAL
99 percent . . .
The 2016 Agricultural Chemical Use Survey collected data about pesticide use
and pest management practices on acres planted to 28 different vegetable
crops. NASS conducted the survey among producers in 19 states, focusing
on the states that were major producers for the surveyed crops. (Fig. 1) In
most cases, the combination of states surveyed represented a significant
percentage of the acres planted in 2015. (See the matrix on page 4 for the
specific crops surveyed in each state.)
AGRICULTURAL
CHEMICAL USE
. . . of vegetable acres were
monitored for pests by scouting
for insects, mites, and diseases.
About the Survey
The Agricultural Chemical Use
Program of USDA’s National
Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
is the federal government’s official
source of statistics about on-farm and
post-harvest commercial fertilizer and
pesticide use and pest management
practices. NASS conducts agricultural
chemical use surveys as part of the
Agricultural Resource Management
Survey. NASS collected data on
vegetable chemical use in fall 2016.
Data are for the 2016 crop year, the one-year period beginning after the
2015 harvest and ending after the 2016 harvest. Data are available online
for all 28 vegetables
Fig. 1. States in the 2016 Vegetable Chemical Use Survey
(see sidebar for
(number of crops surveyed in state)
how to access). This
document highlights
5
five selected
vegetables: bell
2
5
7
6
peppers, onions,
8
3
pumpkins, squash,
5
2 2 4
and watermelons.
23
7
2
4
8
Access the Data
1
8
Access vegetable chemical use data
through the Quick Stats 2.0 database
(http://quickstats.nass.usda.gov).
•
•
•
•
In Program, select “Survey”
In Sector, select “Environmental”
In Group, select “Vegetables”
In Commodity, select the
vegetable(s) you want data for
• Select your category, data item,
geographic level, and year
For pre-defined Quick Stats queries
that take you to data for a particular
vegetable, go to http://bit.ly/AgChem
and click “Data Tables” under the
2016 Vegetables heading. For survey
methodology information, click
“Methodology.”
10
Pesticide Use
The pesticide active ingredients used on vegetables are classified as
herbicides (targeting weeds), insecticides (targeting insects), fungicides
(targeting fungal disease), and other chemicals (targeting all other pests and
other materials, including extraneous crop foliage).
Bell pepper growers applied fungicides to more acres (84 percent of planted
acres) than insecticides or herbicides (81 and 44 percent of planted acres,
respectively). Watermelon and squash growers similarly applied fungicides
to more acres than other pesticides. Pumpkin growers, on the other hand,
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Statistics Service
www.nass.usda.gov
Fig. 2. Pesticides Applied to Selected Vegetables, 2016
(% of planted acres)
Who Uses Agricultural Chemical Use Data?
Producers, consumers, suppliers, policymakers, USDA and other federal and
state agencies rely on chemical use and other pest management data to make
decisions about health, environment, safety, and trade issues. Some examples of
how the data are used:
• To evaluate the quality and safety of U.S. food products, providing assurances
to both domestic and international customers.
• To establish industry trends and determine the impact of on-farm chemical
use and pest management.
• To assess the quality of streams, rivers, and groundwater; the impact of
human activities; the benefits of conservation practices; and the effectiveness
of integrated pest management.
• To identify which chemicals farmers count on, making it more likely
regulators will re-register the product.
44
27
29
76
32
Pumpkins
69
6
51
53
Squash
76
13
52
80
Watermelons
20
Tables 1 through 3 show the top herbicides, insecticides,
and fungicides applied to each featured vegetable.
Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
84
Other Chemicals
Table 2. Top Insecticides, by percent of planted acres, Selected
Vegetables, 2016 Crop Year
Table 1. Top Herbicides, by percent of planted acres, Selected
Vegetables, 2016 Crop Year
Avg. Rate for
Year
(lbs/acre)
92
91
88
Onions
applied herbicides to 76 percent of planted acres,
but fungicides and insecticides to fewer acres. Onion
growers applied the various kinds of pesticides more
equally. (Fig. 2)
% of
Planted
Acres
81
84
Bell Peppers
Total
Applied
(lbs)
% of
Planted
Acres
Avg. Rate for
Year
(lbs/acre)
Total
Applied
(lbs)
Bell Peppers
Bell Peppers
Napropamide
13
1.825
9,800
Chlorantraniliprole
49
0.103
2,100
S-Metolachlor
11
1.373
6,500
Zeta-cypermethrin
38
0.095
1,500
Pendimethalin
8
1.047
3,700
Imidacloprid
29
0.367
4,400
Onions
Onions
Oxyfluorfen
83
0.316
28,300
Methomyl
47
1.508
76,100
Bromoxynil octanoate
72
0.250
19,500
Spirotetramat
43
0.116
5,400
Pendimethalin
71
1.187
93,500
Spinetoram
41
0.103
4,500
Pumpkins
Pumpkins
Clomazone
57
0.527
12,100
Lambda-cyhalothrin
9
0.080
300
S-Metolachlor
41
1.244
20,600
Bifenthrin
7
0.122
400
Ethalfluralin
15
0.704
4,100
Permethrin
7
0.369
1,100
Squash
Squash
Clomazone
35
0.294
3,300
Bifenthrin
23
0.241
1,700
Ethalfluralin
15
0.621
3,000
Zeta-cypermethrin
17
0.063
300
S-Metolachlor
9
1.060
3,200
Acetamiprid
7
0.332
700
Flubendiamide
38
0.084
3,400
Imidacloprid
30
0.151
4,700
Chlorantraniliprole
22
0.083
1,900
Watermelons
Watermelons
Clethodim
26
0.129
3,600
Trifluralin
17
0.979
17,400
Ethalfluralin
13
0.560
7,900
2
2016 Vegetable Crops
Table 3. Top Fungicides, by percent of planted acres, Selected
Vegetables, 2016 Crop Year
% of
Planted
Acres
Avg. Rate for
Year
(lbs/acre)
Total
Applied
(lbs)
Copper hydroxide
50
1.818
38,100
Mancozeb
36
2.914
42,300
Azoxystrobin
36
0.237
3,500
Mancozeb
57
3.276
219,000
Copper hydroxide
46
0.930
45,700
Chlorothalonil
44
3.080
147,000
Chlorothalonil
59
4.438
105,600
Copper hydroxide
34
0.893
12,100
Azoxystrobin
25
0.226
2,300
99 percent of vegetable planted acres. The most widely
used avoidance practice was crop rotation, used on
82 percent of planted acres.
The prevention practice of chopping, spraying, mowing,
plowing, or burning field edges, ditches, and fence
lines was used on 78 percent of planted acres, and the
suppression practice of applying various pesticides to
keep pests from becoming resistant was used on
73 percent of acres. (Table 4)
Bell Peppers
Onions
Table 4. Top Practices in Pest Management Category, 2016 Crop Year
(% of planted acres, 28 vegetables)
Prevention
Pumpkins
Squash
Chopped, sprayed, mowed, plowed, or burned field edges, ditches or
fence lines
78
Cleaned equipment and implements after field work to reduce spread
of pests
75
Removed or burned crop residues
68
Chlorothalonil
65
3.550
74,300
Cultivated crop acres for weed control
67
Copper hydroxide
26
1.466
12,200
Used water management practices
62
Sulfur
17
10.219
56,100
Avoidance
Rotated crops during past three years
82
Mancozeb
56
3.046
176,700
Chose crop or plan variety for specific pest resistance
45
Chlorothalonil
55
4.257
244,300
Planned planting locations to avoid cross infestation of pests
35
Copper hydroxide
48
0.534
26,700
Adjusted planting or harvesting dates
31
Adjusted row spacing, plant density, or row directions
24
Watermelons
Pest Management Practices
Monitoring
The survey asked growers to report on the practices they
used to manage pests, including weeds, insects, and
diseases. Vegetable growers reported practices in four
categories of pest management strategy, widely referred
to as PAMS – prevention, avoidance, monitoring, and
suppression.
• Prevention practices involve actions to keep a pest
population from infesting a crop or field.
• Avoidance practices use cultural measures to
mitigate or eliminate the detrimental effects of pests.
• Monitoring practices observe or detect pests by
sampling, counting, or other forms of scouting.
• Suppression practices involve controlling or reducing
existing pest populations to mitigate crop damage.
99
Scouted for diseases (deliberately or by general observations while
performing other tasks)
99
Scouted for weeds (deliberately or by general observations while
performing other tasks)
96
Scouted for pests (deliberately)
92
Used weather data in decision making
75
Suppression
Scouting for insects, mites, and diseases were the most
widely reported monitoring practices, used on
Chemical Use Survey
Scouted for insects and mites (deliberately or by general observations
while performing other tasks)
3
Used pesticides with different mechanisms of action to keep pest from
becoming resistant to pesticides
73
Maintained ground covers, mulches, or other physical barriers
48
Compared scouting data to published information to assist in decision
making
45
Applied biological pesticides
28
Used floral lures, attractants, repellents, pheromone traps, or biological
pest controls
17
www.nass.usda.gov
Asparagus
X
Beans, snap (FM)
X
X
X
Cabbage (FM)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Carrots (PR)
X
Cauliflower
X
Celery
X
Corn, sweet (FM)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Corn, sweet (PR)
X
Cucumbers (PR)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Honeydews
X
Lettuce, head
X
X
Lettuce, other
X
X
Onions
X
X
X
X
Garlic
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Peppers, bell
X
Pumpkins
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Squash
X
X
Strawberries
X
X
Tomatoes (FM)
X
X
Tomatoes (PR)
X
Watermelons
X
X
23
10
4
X
X
X
X
X
X
Peas, green (PR)
No. of Crops
X
X
Cucumbers (FM)
Spinach (FM)
Wisconsin
Washington
X
X
Carrots (FM)
Texas
Tennessee
South Carolina
Pennsylvania
Oregon
Ohio
North Carolina
X
X
Broccoli
New York
New Jersey
Minnesota
X
Beans, snap (PR)
Cantaloupes
Michigan
Indiana
Illinois
Georgia
Florida
California
Arizona
States and Crops in the 2016 Agricultural Chemical Use Survey
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
8
2
X
X
X
X
2
8
2
5
6
X
7
4
5
3
X
1
2
8
5
7
FM = fresh market. PR = processing.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.
www.nass.usda.gov
File Type | application/pdf |
File Modified | 2017-07-26 |
File Created | 2017-07-26 |