Attachment C - News Release from July 2019 Survey

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 1, 2020

USDL-20-0721

Technical information: [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT, TYPES OF
ASSISTANCE, AND OTHER LABOR-RELATED ISSUES — JULY 2019
In July 2019, almost half of all persons with a disability who were not working reported some
type of barrier to employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A person’s
own disability, lack of education or training, lack of transportation, and the need for special
features at the job were among the barriers reported. Among persons with a disability who were
employed, over half experienced some difficulty completing their work duties because of their
disability.
This information was obtained from a supplement to the July 2019 Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and
unemployment in the United States. The July 2019 supplement, sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office, collected information about barriers to
employment, prior work experience, career and financial assistance, requested changes to the
workplace, and related topics for persons with a disability. This supplement was conducted once
before, in May 2012. For more information, see the Technical Note.
Selected Characteristics of Persons with a Disability
In July 2019, 30.3 million persons in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over had
a disability. Persons with a disability tend to be older than those with no disability, reflecting the
increased incidence of disability with age. In July 2019, 50.6 percent of persons with a disability
were age 65 and over, compared with 16.4 percent of those with no disability. Reflecting the
aging of the population, these shares have increased for both groups since the last time the
survey was conducted; in May 2012, 45.4 percent of persons with a disability and 13.4 percent of
those with no disability were age 65 and over. (See table 1.)
Women made up a greater proportion of persons with a disability than men in July 2019 (53.8
percent, compared with 46.2 percent), partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. By
educational attainment, 19.6 percent of persons age 25 and over with a disability had a bachelor's
degree or higher, compared with 39.4 percent for persons with no disability.
In July 2019, 19.2 percent of persons with a disability were employed, which was less than onethird of the employment-population ratio for persons with no disability (67.1 percent). In part,

this reflects the older age profile of persons with a disability. However, the employmentpopulation ratio was much lower among persons with a disability for all age groups.
Barriers to Employment
In July 2019, 47.5 percent of those with a disability who were not employed (that is, persons who
were either unemployed or not in the labor force) reported at least one barrier to employment.
This was 2.0 percentage points lower than the proportion in May 2012 (49.5 percent). When
asked to identify barriers they had encountered, most reported that their own disability was a
barrier to employment in July 2019 (79.0 percent). Other barriers cited included lack of
education or training (12.2 percent), lack of transportation (10.6 percent), and the need for
special features at the job (9.9 percent). (See tables 2 and 3.)
Among those who were not employed, a greater proportion of persons ages 16 to 64 reported a
barrier to employment in July 2019 than those age 65 and over (71.3 percent and 30.4 percent,
respectively). This may reflect the fact that older workers are, in general, less likely to participate
in the labor force. Among persons with a disability age 25 and over, 34.7 percent of persons with
a bachelor’s degree and higher who were not employed reported a barrier to employment,
compared with 54.7 percent of those with less than a high school diploma.
Prior Work Experience
Among persons with a disability who were not in the labor force in July 2019 (that is, neither
employed nor unemployed), 88.6 percent had worked previously. This proportion was about the
same for both men and women. A person's disability status was established at the time of the
survey; their previous work experience may have occurred at a time when they did not have a
disability. (See table 4.)
The proportion of persons with a disability who were not in the labor force but had prior work
experience increased with age. In July 2019, 25.1 percent of 16- to 24-year-olds had worked
before, compared with 97.4 percent of those age 65 and over.
Individuals with a disability who had higher levels of educational attainment were more likely to
have had work experience. Of those age 25 and over with a bachelor’s degree and higher, 97.1
percent had worked before, compared with 82.5 percent of those with less than a high school
diploma.
Career Assistance Programs
In July 2019, 6.5 percent of persons with a disability reported using some type of career
assistance program within the past 5 years to help them prepare for work or advance on the job.
In May 2012, 7.4 percent of persons with a disability reported using some type of career
assistance. Career assistance sources include State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies and other
job assistance programs. (See table 5.)

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Persons with a disability who were unemployed at the time of the survey were more likely than
those who were employed or not in the labor force to have used some type of career assistance.
In July 2019, 20.8 percent of unemployed persons with a disability reported using a career
assistance program, compared with 10.1 percent of employed persons with a disability and 5.3
percent of those not in the labor force.
Persons with a disability ages 16 to 64 were more likely to have used a career assistance program
than those age 65 and over (10.3 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively).
Financial Assistance Programs
In July 2019, 58.1 percent of persons with a disability received financial assistance within the
past year from one or more of the following sources: Workers Compensation, Social Security
Disability Income, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability compensation, disability
insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, and other payments or programs. This was about the
same percentage as in May 2012 (58.4 percent). (See table 6.)
Among persons with a disability in July 2019, those who were employed were least likely to
have received some type of financial assistance within the past year (27.6 percent). Of those with
a disability who were unemployed, 45.5 percent received assistance from at least one of the
financial assistance programs listed above, compared with 65.8 percent for those not in the labor
force. (Differences in use of financial assistance among those with a disability reflect a variety of
factors such as age, work history, or program eligibility requirements.)
Some financial assistance programs include work limitations in order to establish or maintain
program eligibility. In July 2019, the vast majority (91.7 percent) of those who received financial
assistance within the past year reported that the program(s) they used did not cause them to work
less than they otherwise would have.
Difficulty Completing Work Duties
Just over half of employed persons with a disability reported that their disability caused some
difficulty in completing their current work duties in July 2019—27.8 percent reported a little
difficulty in completing work duties, 19.2 percent reported moderate difficulty, and 6.9 percent
reported severe difficulty. In July 2019, 46.1 percent of employed persons with a disability had
no difficulty completing their current work duties. (See table 7.)
Among employed persons with a disability, those age 65 and over were less likely to report that
they had some difficulty completing their work duties than were those ages 16 to 64—44.0
percent versus 56.1 percent. In July 2019, 55.8 percent of women and 52.2 percent of men
reported some difficulty completing work duties due to their disability.
Requesting Changes in the Workplace
According to the July 2019 data, employed persons with a disability were more likely to have
requested a change in their current workplace to do their job better than were those with no
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disability (13.8 percent and 9.1 percent, respectively). Such changes included new or modified
equipment; physical changes to the workplace; policy changes to the workplace; changes in work
tasks, job structure, or schedule; changes in communication or information sharing; changes to
comply with religious beliefs; accommodations for family or personal obligations; training; or
other changes. Among workers with a disability, 15.4 percent of those ages 16 to 64 had
requested a change in their current workplace, compared with 6.8 percent of those age 65 and
over. (See table 8.)
Regardless of disability status, requests for changes to work tasks, job structure, or schedule, and
requests for new or modified equipment were most common. (See table 9.)
Persons with a disability who asked for a change in their current workplace were more likely to
have requested physical changes to the workplace than were those with no disability. In contrast,
employed persons with no disability were more likely than those with a disability to request
policy changes, training, or accommodations for family or personal obligations.
Commute
In July 2019, 73.6 percent of persons with a disability used their own vehicle for their commute
to work, compared with 83.3 percent for persons with no disability. For persons with and without
a disability, other commuting methods were used much less often; these methods included riding
in a friend or family member's car, taking a bus, walking, and taking the train or subway. (See
table 10.)
Work at Home
In July 2019, 26.3 percent of employed persons with a disability did some work at home as part
of their job, compared with 23.0 percent of those with no disability. Older workers (age 65 and
over) with a disability were more likely to do some work at home than those ages 16 to 64 (42.9
percent and 22.5 percent, respectively). Men and women with a disability were about equally
likely to work at home (25.8 percent and 26.9 percent, respectively). (See table 11.)
Persons with a disability who had higher educational attainment were more likely to do some
work at home. In July 2019, among persons with a disability age 25 and over, those with a
bachelor’s degree and higher were more than 4 times as likely to do some work at home than
those with less than a high school diploma (51.2 percent and 12.0 percent, respectively).
Flexible Work Hours
Employed persons with a disability were more likely than those with no disability to have
flexible work schedules in July 2019 (46.8 percent and 38.7 percent, respectively). These
workers reported that they had flexible work hours that allowed them to vary the time they began
or ended work. Both figures are up from May 2012 (42.2 percent and 35.0 percent, respectively.)
(See table 12.)

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In July 2019, 67.2 percent of workers with a disability age 65 and over had flexible work
schedules, compared with 42.2 percent of those between 16 and 64 years of age. Men and
women with disabilities were about equally likely to have flexible work hours.
Regardless of disability status, the likelihood of having a flexible work schedule was higher for
persons with at least a bachelor’s degree than for those with less education.
Temporary Jobs
In July 2019, 6.3 percent of employed persons with a disability held jobs that were temporary,
compared with 4.6 percent of those with no disability. These workers expected their job to last
only for a limited time or until the completion of a project. (See table 13.)

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Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through a
supplement to the July 2019 Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides
information on the labor force status, demographics, and
other characteristics of the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over. The July 2019 supplement was
designed to gather data in several specific areas related to the
employment situation of persons with disabilities. The
collection of these data was sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200, Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions and concepts from the monthly CPS
Disability status. The monthly CPS uses a set of six
questions to identify persons with disabilities. In the CPS,
persons are classified as having a disability if there is a
response of "yes" to any of these questions. Persons who
respond "no" to all of these questions are classified as having
no disability. The disability questions are as follows.
This month we want to learn about people who have
physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause
serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please
answer for all household members who are 15 years old
or over.
•
•
•

Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious
difficulty hearing?
Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious
difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?
Because of a physical, mental, or emotional
condition, does anyone have serious difficulty
concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?

•

Does anyone have serious difficulty walking or
climbing stairs?

•

Does anyone have difficulty dressing or bathing?

•

Because of a physical, mental, or emotional
condition, does anyone have difficulty doing
errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping?

The CPS questions for identifying individuals with
disabilities are only asked of household members who are
age 15 and older. Each of the questions asks the respondent
whether anyone in the household has the condition

described, and if the respondent replies "yes," they are then
asked to identify everyone in the household who has the
condition. Labor force measures from the CPS are tabulated
for persons age 16 and older. More information on the
disability questions and the merits and limitations of the CPS
disability data is available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.
Labor force status. Employed persons are all those who,
during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as
paid employees; (b) worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 hours or
more as unpaid workers in a family member’s business.
Persons who were temporarily absent from their jobs because
of illness, vacation, labor dispute, or another reason also are
counted as employed.
Unemployed persons are those who had no
employment during the reference week, were available for
work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with
the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled
to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been
looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed.
Unemployment rate represents the number of
unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed.
Not employed includes persons who were unemployed
or not in the labor force.
Additional information on the concepts and
methodology of the CPS is available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Selected questions and concepts from the July 2019
supplement
Barriers to employment. This information was obtained
from responses to a question asked of persons with a
disability who were not employed (that is, either unemployed
or not in the labor force). Respondents were classified as
having a barrier to employment if they answered "yes" to one
or more of the response options in the following question.
The purpose of this next question is to identify barriers
to employment faced by persons with difficulties. Do
you consider any of the following a barrier to
employment for you?
1. Lack of education or training
2. Lack of job counseling
3. Lack of transportation
4. Loss of government assistance
5. Need for special features at the job
6. Employer or coworker attitudes

7.

Your difficulty (hearing/seeing/concentrating,
remembering, or making decisions/walking or
climbing stairs/dressing or bathing/doing
errands alone)
Other

Some financial assistance programs include limitations
on the amount of work you can do. Did this program
cause you to work less than you would otherwise?
1. Yes
2. No

Prior work experience. This information was obtained from
answers to the following question, which was asked of
persons with a disability who were not employed and had not
already reported working before.

Level of disability-related difficulty in completing work
duties. This information was obtained from answers to the
following question, which was asked of employed persons
with a disability.

8.

Have you ever worked for pay at a job or business?
1. Yes
2. No

Career assistance. Persons with a disability were asked the
following question to determine whether they had received
certain types of career assistance. Individuals could give
multiple responses.
The purpose of this next question is to find out if you
have taken advantage of any of the following sources
that help people prepare for work or advance on the job.
In the past 5 years, have you received assistance from:
1. State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies
2. One-Stop Career Centers
3. Ticket to Work program
4. Assistive Technology Act program
5. Center for Independent Living for individuals
with disabilities
6. Client Assistance Program
7. Any other employment assistance program

Financial assistance. This information was obtained from
responses to two questions. All persons were asked the
following question and could give multiple responses.
There are a variety of programs designed to provide
financial assistance to people. In the past year, did you
receive assistance from any of the following programs?
1. Workers’ Compensation
2. Social Security Disability Income
3. Supplemental Security Income
4. Veterans Disability Compensation
5. Disability insurance payments
6. Other disability payments
7. Medicaid
8. Medicare
9. Other program
The following question was asked only of persons who
indicated in the above question that they received assistance
from one or more programs.

Previously, you mentioned that you had difficulty
(hearing/seeing/concentrating,
remembering,
or
making decisions/walking or climbing stairs/dressing
or bathing/doing errands alone). How has this difficulty
affected your ability to complete current work duties?
Would you say this has caused no difficulty, a little
difficulty, moderate difficulty, or severe difficulty?
1. No difficulty
2. A little difficulty
3. Moderate difficulty
4. Severe difficulty

Requested changes in the current workplace. This
information was obtained from answers to two questions.
The first, asked of all employed persons, was as follows.
Have you ever requested any change in your current
workplace to help you do your job better? For example,
changes in work policies, equipment, or schedules.
1. Yes
2. No
The following question was asked only of persons who
responded "yes" to the above question. Individuals could
identify multiple changes.
What changes did you request?
1. New or modified equipment
2. Physical changes to the workplace
3. Policy changes to the workplace
4. Changes in work tasks, job structure, or
schedule
5. Changes in communication or information
sharing
6. Changes to comply with religious beliefs
7. Accommodations for family or personal
obligations
8. Training
9. Other changes
Typical commute to work. This information was obtained
from responses to the following question, which was asked
of all employed persons. Individuals could identify multiple
commuting methods.

How do you typically commute to work?
1. Bus
2. Specialized bus or van service for people with
disabilities
3. Train/subway
4. Taxi
5. Own vehicle
6. Passenger in a friend or family member’s car
7. Carpool
8. Bicycle
9. Walk
10. Other
11. Work from home

Work at home. This information was obtained from two
questions. First, persons who answered "work from home" to
the question regarding their typical commute to work were
included among those who work at home. In addition, the
following question was asked of all remaining employed
persons.
Do you do any work at home for your job or business?
1. Yes
2. No

Flexible work hours. All employed persons were asked the
following question to determine whether they have flexible
work hours at their current job.
Do you have flexible work hours that allow you to vary
or make changes in the time you begin and end work?
1. Yes
2. No

Temporary jobs. All employed persons were asked the
following question to determine if their jobs were temporary.
Some people are in temporary jobs that last only for a
limited time or until the completion of a project. Is your
job temporary?
1. Yes
2. No

Comparability of the estimates
The concepts of barriers to employment, prior work
experience, career and financial assistance, and other laborrelated issues for persons with a disability used in the July
2019 survey are the same as those used in May 2012, the first
time the supplement was fielded. The questions used to
identify these workers were essentially unchanged.
However, there are a few issues that could affect the
comparability of these estimates with those from 2012. For
example, changes in the demographic characteristics of
people with disabilities can complicate comparisons of data
over time. Also, the 2012 and 2019 supplements were
collected at different points in the business cycle. In addition,
the 2019 supplement was collected in July, and the 2012
supplement was collected in May.

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the true population values they
represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling
error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of
confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The monthly CPS data also are affected by
nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.
General information on the reliability of data from the
CPS
is
available
at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected
characteristics, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over......................... .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over......................... .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age
16 to 64 years..................................... .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over......................... .
Less than a high school diploma............. .
High school graduates, no college1. . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over......................... .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age
16 to 64 years..................................... .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over......................... .
Less than a high school diploma............. .
High school graduates, no college1. . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Participation
rate

Total

Percent of
population

Total

Rate

Not in
labor
force

259,225
125,378
133,847

166,526
88,459
78,067

64.2
70.6
58.3

159,469
85,059
74,410

61.5
67.8
55.6

7,057
3,400
3,657

4.2
3.8
4.7

92,699
36,919
55,780

30,344
14,019
16,325

6,344
3,388
2,956

20.9
24.2
18.1

5,830
3,141
2,689

19.2
22.4
16.5

513
247
267

8.1
7.3
9.0

24,001
10,632
13,369

14,982
1,526
1,888
2,068
3,392
6,108
15,362

5,222
600
947
909
1,172
1,593
1,122

34.9
39.3
50.2
44.0
34.6
26.1
7.3

4,751
503
800
856
1,092
1,500
1,079

31.7
33.0
42.4
41.4
32.2
24.6
7.0

470
97
147
53
80
93
43

9.0
16.1
15.6
5.8
6.8
5.9
3.8

9,760
926
941
1,158
2,220
4,515
14,240

28,818
4,943
10,115
8,101
5,659

5,744
444
1,728
1,930
1,641

19.9
9.0
17.1
23.8
29.0

5,327
403
1,597
1,786
1,541

18.5
8.2
15.8
22.0
27.2

417
41
132
144
101

7.3
9.1
7.6
7.5
6.1

23,074
4,499
8,387
6,171
4,018

228,881
111,359
117,522

160,182
85,071
75,111

70.0
76.4
63.9

153,639
81,918
71,721

67.1
73.6
61.0

6,543
3,153
3,390

4.1
3.7
4.5

68,699
26,288
42,411

191,282
36,202
43,033
38,908
37,000
36,139
37,599

151,632
22,997
36,692
33,578
32,054
26,312
8,550

79.3
63.5
85.3
86.3
86.6
72.8
22.7

145,361
20,814
35,325
32,538
31,154
25,530
8,278

76.0
57.5
82.1
83.6
84.2
70.6
22.0

6,271
2,183
1,366
1,040
900
782
272

4.1
9.5
3.7
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.2

39,650
13,206
6,341
5,330
4,946
9,827
29,049

192,678
15,609
51,158
49,986
75,926

137,185
9,123
33,557
36,114
58,391

71.2
58.5
65.6
72.2
76.9

132,825
8,705
32,401
34,826
56,892

68.9
55.8
63.3
69.7
74.9

4,361
418
1,156
1,287
1,499

3.2
4.6
3.4
3.6
2.6

55,493
6,485
17,601
13,872
17,535

Employed

Unemployed

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: These estimates, which come from a special supplemental survey, may differ slightly from previously published estimates for May 2012 that
come from the regular monthly labor force survey.

2

Table 2. Persons with a disability who were not employed by age, sex, educational attainment, prior work
experience, and barrier to employment, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

Not employed1

Percent distribution

Total

Barrier

No barrier

Total

Barrier

No barrier

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................. .

24,514
10,231
14,283

11,635
7,292
4,343

12,322
2,662
9,659

100.0
100.0
100.0

47.5
71.3
30.4

50.3
26.0
67.6

Men..................................................................... .
Women................................................................. .

10,878
13,636

5,287
6,347

5,310
7,012

100.0
100.0

48.6
46.5

48.8
51.4

Total, 25 years and over............................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................. .
High school graduates, no college2.............................. .
Some college or associate degree............................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,491
4,540
8,518
6,315
4,118

10,894
2,481
3,982
3,000
1,430

12,061
1,906
4,366
3,194
2,595

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

46.4
54.7
46.7
47.5
34.7

51.3
42.0
51.3
50.6
63.0

Never worked4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,806

1,986

769

100.0

70.8

27.4

1

Persons who are not employed include both the unemployed and those not in the labor force (neither working nor looking for work). Employed
persons were not asked about barriers to employment.
2
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4
This estimate represents all persons with a disability who have never worked. It includes both unemployed persons and persons not in the labor
force.
NOTE: Persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment. Data may not sum to total because some persons did not
respond to the question identifying barriers to employment. Barriers to employment include: lack of education or training, lack of job counseling, lack
of transportation, loss of government assistance, need for special features at the job, employer or coworker attitudes, own disability, and other.

Table 3. Persons with a disability who were not employed by age, sex, educational attainment, prior work
experience, and type of barrier to employment, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Total not
employed
with a
barrier to
employment1

Lack of
education
or
training

Lack of
job
counseling

Lack of
transportation

Loss of
government
assistance

Need for
special
features
at
the job

Employer
or
coworker
attitudes

Own
disability

Other

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 64 years.................................... .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,635
7,292
4,343

12.2
14.3
8.7

5.1
6.4
2.8

10.6
12.1
7.9

4.4
5.3
2.9

9.9
12.5
5.5

7.6
9.1
5.1

79.0
81.6
74.6

16.8
13.5
22.3

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,287
6,347

12.2
12.2

5.1
5.0

9.9
11.1

4.6
4.3

9.8
10.0

7.9
7.4

80.0
78.2

15.6
17.8

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college2. . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3................. .

10,894
2,481
3,982
3,000
1,430

11.7
20.6
10.4
9.6
4.4

4.8
6.9
4.6
4.4
2.5

9.9
11.9
10.1
8.5
8.5

4.3
3.6
4.4
5.0
3.4

9.5
8.3
8.4
12.1
9.4

7.5
6.3
6.1
10.3
7.6

79.1
75.3
81.4
80.7
75.9

16.8
17.9
15.3
15.3
21.9

Never worked4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,986

16.7

7.2

11.0

3.4

10.9

4.0

76.2

18.3

Characteristic

1

Percent of total by type of barrier

Persons who are not employed include both the unemployed and those not in the labor force (neither working nor looking for work). Employed
persons were not asked about barriers to employment.
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4
This estimate represents all persons with a disability who have never worked. It includes both unemployed persons and persons not in the labor
force.
NOTE: Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because persons with a disability were able to report more than one barrier to employment.
2

Table 4. Persons with a disability who were not in the labor force by sex, age, educational attainment, and
prior work experience, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Not in the labor force
Characteristic

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY
Total, 16 years and over............................................. .
Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age
16 to 64 years......................................................... .
16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over............................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................. .
High school graduates, no college2.............................. .
Some college or associate degree............................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Percent distribution

Total

Previously
worked

Never
worked1

Total

Previously
worked

Never
worked1

24,001
10,632
13,369

21,254
9,391
11,863

2,747
1,241
1,506

100.0
100.0
100.0

88.6
88.3
88.7

11.4
11.7
11.3

9,760
926
941
1,158
2,220
4,515
14,240

7,384
233
494
855
1,778
4,024
13,870

2,376
694
447
303
442
491
370

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

75.7
25.1
52.5
73.8
80.1
89.1
97.4

24.3
74.9
47.5
26.2
19.9
10.9
2.6

23,074
4,499
8,387
6,171
4,018

21,021
3,711
7,535
5,877
3,899

2,053
789
852
294
118

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

91.1
82.5
89.8
95.2
97.1

8.9
17.5
10.2
4.8
2.9

This estimate does not represent all persons with a disability who have never worked. It excludes a small number of unemployed persons who have
never worked before.
2
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

Table 5. Persons with a disability who received career assistance in the past 5 years by current employment
status, prior work experience, and age, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Received career assistance1
Persons
with a
disability

Number

Percent of
persons
with a
disability

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
Employed............................................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................................... .
Not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Previously worked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Never worked2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30,344
5,830
513
24,001
21,254
2,747

1,968
590
107
1,272
1,065
208

6.5
10.1
20.8
5.3
5.0
7.6

Total, 16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed............................................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................................... .
Not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Previously worked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Never worked2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,982
4,751
470
9,760
7,384
2,376

1,550
565
98
887
693
194

10.3
11.9
20.8
9.1
9.4
8.2

Total, 65 years and over............................................................................. .
Employed............................................................................................ .
Unemployed......................................................................................... .
Not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Previously worked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Never worked2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,362
1,079
43
14,240
13,870
370

419
24
9
385
371
14

2.7
2.3
–
2.7
2.7
3.8

Characteristic

Career assistance programs include: State Vocational Rehabilitation agencies, One-Stop Career Centers, Ticket to Work program, Assistive
Technology Act program, Center for Independent Living for individuals with disabilities, Client Assistance Program, and other.
2
This estimate does not represent all persons with a disability who have never worked. It excludes a small number of unemployed persons who have
never worked before.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
1

Table 6. Persons with a disability who used a financial assistance program in the past year by age,
employment status, usual full- or part-time status, and program limitation on work, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons who used a financial assistance program
Percent of persons who used a
financial assistance program
Characteristic

Total

Total

Percent of
total

Total

Worked
less
because
of
program1

Did not
work less
because
of
program1

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................. .

30,344
14,982
15,362

17,634
8,033
9,601

58.1
53.6
62.5

100.0
100.0
100.0

7.3
11.9
3.4

91.7
86.7
95.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Usually work full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Usually work part time............................................. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in the labor force................................................. .

5,830
3,957
1,873
513
24,001

1,610
767
843
233
15,791

27.6
19.4
45.0
45.5
65.8

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

14.1
7.7
20.0
6.4
6.6

85.2
91.8
79.3
92.8
92.4

1

Persons with a disability were able to report more than one financial assistance program, and the report of a limitation could refer to any of the
assistance programs used. Data may not sum to total because some persons did not respond to the question on work limitation.
NOTE: Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours. Financial assistance programs include: Workers’ Compensation, Social
Security Disability Income, Supplemental Security Income, Veterans Disability Compensation, disability insurance payments, Medicaid, Medicare, and
other payments or programs.

Table 7. Employed persons with a disability by age, sex, and level of disability-related difficulty in completing
current work duties, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................. .
Men..................................................................... .
Women................................................................. .

Percent of total employed by level of difficulty

Total
employed

Total

No difficulty

A little
difficulty

Moderate
difficulty

Severe
difficulty

5,830
4,751
1,079
3,141
2,689

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

46.1
43.9
56.0
47.8
44.2

27.8
28.6
23.9
28.2
27.3

19.2
20.1
15.2
18.1
20.5

6.9
7.4
4.9
5.9
8.1

Table 8. Employed persons who requested a change in their current workplace to help them do their job better
by age, sex, and disability status, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Total
employed

Requested a change in current
workplace
Total

Percent
of total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .

159,469
150,112
9,357
85,059
74,410

14,827
14,141
686
7,435
7,392

9.3
9.4
7.3
8.7
9.9

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .

5,830
4,751
1,079
3,141
2,689

805
732
73
354
451

13.8
15.4
6.8
11.3
16.8

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .

153,639
145,361
8,278
81,918
71,721

14,022
13,409
613
7,082
6,940

9.1
9.2
7.4
8.6
9.7

NOTE: Data on people who requested a change in their current workplace are restricted to those who also provided a response about the type of
change requested. A relatively small number of people who did not specify the type of change requested are excluded from these estimates, as they
were for the May 2012 estimates.

Table 9. Employed persons who requested a change in their current workplace to help them do their job better
by age, sex, disability status, and type of change requested, July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total by type of change requested
Work
tasks,
job
structure, or
schedule

Changes in
communication or
information
sharing

Changes
to
comply
with
religious
beliefs

Accommodations for
family or
personal
obligations

Training

Other

20.8
20.7
24.0
21.8
19.9

45.8
46.3
35.8
43.2
48.4

15.1
15.1
14.4
15.2
14.9

1.6
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.2

13.4
13.6
10.7
11.0
15.9

12.2
12.2
12.3
13.9
10.5

11.3
11.1
15.2
10.4
12.2

21.0
21.3
–
25.3
17.6

8.7
8.9
–
12.3
5.8

40.2
41.5
–
37.9
42.0

11.6
12.4
–
13.4
10.2

0.1
0.1
–
0.2
–

8.7
9.6
–
9.2
8.4

6.5
6.7
–
5.5
7.2

18.4
17.0
–
16.8
19.6

14.4
14.4
14.3
15.8
13.0

21.5
21.3
26.1
22.3
20.8

46.1
46.5
36.8
43.5
48.8

15.3
15.2
15.8
15.3
15.2

1.6
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.3

13.7
13.8
12.0
11.1
16.4

12.5
12.5
13.2
14.4
10.7

10.9
10.8
13.1
10.1
11.7

Total who
requested a
change in
current
workplace

New or
modified
equipment

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . .
Men.............................. .
Women.......................... .

14,827
14,141
686
7,435
7,392

36.3
36.1
40.0
42.7
29.8

14.8
14.8
14.7
16.3
13.3

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . .
Men.............................. .
Women.......................... .

805
732
73
354
451

33.0
33.9
–
34.3
32.1

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . .
Men.............................. .
Women.......................... .

14,022
13,409
613
7,082
6,940

36.5
36.2
41.8
43.1
29.6

Characteristic

Policy
Physical
changes
changes
to the
to the
workplace workplace

NOTE: Data on people who requested a change in their current workplace are restricted to those who also provided a response about the type of
change requested. A relatively small number of people who did not specify the type of change requested are excluded from these estimates, as they
were for the May 2012 estimates. Percents may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have requested more than one
change. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employed persons by typical commute to work and disability status, July 2019
[Percent distribution]
Characteristic

Persons with a
disability

Total

Persons with
no disability

Total employed (in thousands). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................ .

159,469

5,830

153,639

Percent of employed persons by commute method
Total employed........................................................................................ .
Bus................................................................................................... .
Specialized bus or van service for people with disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Train/subway........................................................................................ .
Taxi................................................................................................... .
Own vehicle......................................................................................... .
Passenger in a friend or family member’s car.................................................. .
Carpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bicycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................................................. .
Walk.................................................................................................. .
Other................................................................................................. .
Work from home.................................................................................... .

100.0
2.3
0.1
2.7
0.3
83.0
2.7
1.1
0.7
2.3
2.1
4.9

100.0
3.7
1.1
1.5
0.9
73.6
4.7
1.9
1.0
3.5
2.0
7.9

100.0
2.2
0.1
2.8
0.3
83.3
2.6
1.1
0.7
2.2
2.1
4.7

NOTE: The percent using each commuting method may sum to more than 100 percent because employed persons may have reported more than one
method.

Table 11. Employed persons who worked at home by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Worked at home
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159,469
150,112
9,357
85,059
74,410
138,152
9,108
33,998
36,612
58,433

36,876
33,637
3,239
19,268
17,608
35,645
629
3,722
7,321
23,973

23.1
22.4
34.6
22.7
23.7
25.8
6.9
10.9
20.0
41.0

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,830
4,751
1,079
3,141
2,689
5,327
403
1,597
1,786
1,541

1,532
1,069
463
809
723
1,497
48
218
441
789

26.3
22.5
42.9
25.8
26.9
28.1
12.0
13.7
24.7
51.2

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153,639
145,361
8,278
81,918
71,721
132,825
8,705
32,401
34,826
56,892

35,344
32,568
2,776
18,459
16,885
34,148
581
3,504
6,879
23,184

23.0
22.4
33.5
22.5
23.5
25.7
6.7
10.8
19.8
40.8

Characteristic

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Persons who worked at home include those who responded that they work at home when asked about their typical commute and those who
responded yes when asked if they do any work at home for their job or business.

2

Table 12. Employed persons with flexible work hours by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Flexible work hours
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159,469
150,112
9,357
85,059
74,410
138,152
9,108
33,998
36,612
58,433

62,152
56,912
5,240
33,667
28,485
56,082
2,578
10,712
14,051
28,740

39.0
37.9
56.0
39.6
38.3
40.6
28.3
31.5
38.4
49.2

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,830
4,751
1,079
3,141
2,689
5,327
403
1,597
1,786
1,541

2,728
2,003
725
1,489
1,239
2,523
149
632
804
938

46.8
42.2
67.2
47.4
46.1
47.4
36.9
39.6
45.0
60.9

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153,639
145,361
8,278
81,918
71,721
132,825
8,705
32,401
34,826
56,892

59,424
54,909
4,515
32,178
27,246
53,559
2,429
10,080
13,247
27,803

38.7
37.8
54.5
39.3
38.0
40.3
27.9
31.1
38.0
48.9

Characteristic

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Flexible work hours allow employed persons to vary or make changes in the time they begin and end work.

2

Table 13. Employed persons with temporary jobs by age, sex, educational attainment, and disability status,
July 2019
[Numbers in thousands]
Temporary job
Total
employed

Number

Percent of
total
employed

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

159,469
150,112
9,357
85,059
74,410
138,152
9,108
33,998
36,612
58,433

7,487
7,108
379
4,106
3,382
4,291
662
921
945
1,763

4.7
4.7
4.1
4.8
4.5
3.1
7.3
2.7
2.6
3.0

Persons with a disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,830
4,751
1,079
3,141
2,689
5,327
403
1,597
1,786
1,541

366
331
35
235
131
305
32
77
105
90

6.3
7.0
3.2
7.5
4.9
5.7
7.9
4.8
5.9
5.9

Persons with no disability
Total, 16 years and over............................................................................. .
16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over.................................................................................. .
Men..................................................................................................... .
Women................................................................................................. .
Total, 25 years and over............................................................................. .
Less than a high school diploma................................................................. .
High school graduates, no college1.............................................................. .
Some college or associate degree............................................................... .
Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153,639
145,361
8,278
81,918
71,721
132,825
8,705
32,401
34,826
56,892

7,122
6,777
344
3,871
3,251
3,986
630
844
840
1,672

4.6
4.7
4.2
4.7
4.5
3.0
7.2
2.6
2.4
2.9

Characteristic

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: A temporary job is one that lasts only for a limited time or until the completion of a project.

2