Authorizing Legislation

Appendix A
NIJ Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968

Title 34, United States Code, Section 10121
SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE
§10121. Statement of purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to establish a National Institute of Justice, which shall
provide for and encourage research and demonstration efforts for the purpose of—
(1) improving Federal, State, and local criminal justice systems and related aspects of the
civil justice system;
(2) preventing and reducing crimes;
(3) insuring citizen access to appropriate dispute-resolution forums; and
(4) identifying programs of proven effectiveness, programs having a record of proven
success, or programs which offer a high probability of improving the functioning of the
criminal justice system.
The Institute shall have authority to engage in and encourage research and development to
improve and strengthen the criminal justice system and related aspects of the civil justice
system and to disseminate the results of such efforts to Federal, State, and local governments,
to evaluate the effectiveness of programs funded under this chapter, to develop and
demonstrate new or improved approaches and techniques, to improve and strengthen the
administration of justice, and to identify programs or projects carried out under this chapter
which have demonstrated success in improving the quality of justice systems and which offer
the likelihood of success if continued or repeated. In carrying out the provisions of this
subchapter, the Institute shall give primary emphasis to the problems of State and local justice
systems and shall insure that there is a balance between basic and applied research.
(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §201, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1172;
amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §604(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078.)
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 90–
351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, which is classified
principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

CODIFICATION
Section was formerly classified to section 3721 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare,
prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–83, §2,
Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §104, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2408, set out
Congressional statement of purpose in providing for a program of planning grants, prior to the
general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.
AMENDMENTS
1984—Pub. L. 98–473 redesignated par. (5) as (4), struck out former par. (4) relating to
improvement of efforts to detect, investigate, prosecute, and otherwise combat and prevent
white-collar crime and public corruption, and in closing provisions struck out "to develop

alternatives to judicial resolution of disputes," after "local governments,", and inserted "and
demonstrate" after "to develop".
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–
473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.
NATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROSECUTORS
Pub. L. 110–424, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4819, provided that:
"SECTION 1. TRAINING FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROSECUTORS.

"The Attorney General is authorized to award a grant to a national nonprofit organization
(such as the National District Attorneys Association) to conduct a national training program for
State and local prosecutors for the purpose of improving the professional skills of State and
local prosecutors and enhancing the ability of Federal, State, and local prosecutors to work
together.
"SEC. 2. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION.

"The Attorney General may provide assistance to the grantee under section 1 to carry out the
training program described in such section, including comprehensive continuing legal education
in the areas of trial practice, substantive legal updates, support staff training, and any other
assistance the Attorney General determines to be appropriate.
"SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this Act
$4,750,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2012, to remain available until expended."

§10122. National Institute of Justice
(a) Establishment; general authority of Attorney General over Institute
There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the
Attorney General, a National Institute of Justice (hereinafter referred to in this subchapter as the
"Institute").
(b) Director of Institute; appointment by President; authority; restrictions
The Institute shall be headed by a Director appointed by the President. The Director shall
have had experience in justice research. The Director shall report to the Attorney General
through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall have final authority over all grants,
cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Institute. The Director shall not engage
in any other employment than that of serving as Director; nor shall the Director hold any office
in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Institute
makes any contract or other arrangement under this chapter.
(c) Duties and functions
The Institute is authorized to—
(1) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, public agencies,
institutions of higher education, private organizations, or individuals to conduct research,
demonstrations, or special projects pertaining to the purposes described in this subchapter,
and provide technical assistance and training in support of tests, demonstrations, and special
projects;
(2) conduct or authorize multiyear and short-term research and development concerning
the criminal and civil justice systems in an effort—
(A) to identify alternative programs for achieving system goals;

(B) to provide more accurate information on the causes and correlates of crime;
(C) to analyze the correlates of crime and juvenile delinquency and provide more
accurate information on the causes and correlates of crime and juvenile delinquency;
(D) to improve the functioning of the criminal justice system;
(E) to develop new methods for the prevention and reduction of crime, including the
development of programs to facilitate cooperation among the States and units of local
government, the detection and apprehension of criminals, the expeditious, efficient, and fair
disposition of criminal and juvenile delinquency cases, the improvement of police and
minority relations, the conduct of research into the problems of victims and witnesses of
crime, the feasibility and consequences of allowing victims to participate in criminal justice
decisionmaking, the feasibility and desirability of adopting procedures and programs which
increase the victim's participation in the criminal justice process, the reduction in the need
to seek court resolution of civil disputes, and the development of adequate corrections
facilities and effective programs of correction; and
(F) to develop programs and projects to improve and expand the capacity of States and
units of local government and combinations of such units, to detect, investigate, prosecute,
and otherwise combat and prevent white-collar crime and public corruption, to improve and
expand cooperation among the Federal Government, States, and units of local government
in order to enhance the overall criminal justice system response to white-collar crime and
public corruption, and to foster the creation and implementation of a comprehensive
national strategy to prevent and combat white-collar crime and public corruption.
In carrying out the provisions of this subsection, the Institute may request the assistance of both
public and private research agencies;
(3) evaluate the effectiveness, including cost effectiveness where practical, of projects or
programs carried out under this chapter;
(4) make recommendations for action which can be taken by Federal, State, and local
governments and by private persons and organizations to improve and strengthen criminal
and civil justice systems;
(5) provide research fellowships and clinical internships and carry out programs of training
and special workshops for the presentation and dissemination of information resulting from
research, demonstrations, and special projects including those authorized by this subchapter;
(6) collect and disseminate information obtained by the Institute or other Federal agencies,
public agencies, institutions of higher education, and private organizations relating to the
purposes of this subchapter;
(7) serve as a national and international clearinghouse for the exchange of information with
respect to the purposes of this subchapter;
(8) after consultation with appropriate agencies and officials of States and units of local
government, make recommendations for the designation of programs or projects which will
be effective in improving the functioning of the criminal justice system, for funding as
discretionary grants under subchapter V;
(9) encourage, assist, and serve in a consulting capacity to Federal, State, and local justice
system agencies in the development, maintenance, and coordination of criminal and civil
justice programs and services; and
(10) research and development of tools and technologies relating to prevention, detection,
investigation, and prosecution of crime; and
(11) support research, development, testing, training, and evaluation of tools and
technology for Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies.
(d) Criminal and civil justice research

To insure that all criminal and civil justice research is carried out in a coordinated manner, the
Director is authorized to—
(1) utilize, with their consent, the services, equipment, personnel, information, and facilities
of other Federal, State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without
reimbursement therefor;
(2) confer with and avail itself of the cooperation, services, records, and facilities of State or
of municipal or other local agencies;
(3) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency as may be
required to carry out the purposes of this section, and the agencies shall provide such
information to the Institute as required to carry out the purposes of this subchapter;
(4) seek the cooperation of the judicial branches of Federal and State Government in
coordinating civil and criminal justice research and development; and
(5) exercise the powers and functions set out in subchapter VII.
(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §202, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1172;
amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §604(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078; Pub. L. 103–322, title
XXXIII, §330001(h)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2139; Pub. L. 107–296, title II, §237, Nov. 25,
2002, 116 Stat. 2162; Pub. L. 112–166, §2(h)(3), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1285.)
CODIFICATION
Section was formerly classified to section 3722 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare,
prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or
references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references
prior to editorial reclassification.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 202 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–83, §2,
Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 198, provided for making of grants to State planning agencies, prior to the
general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.
AMENDMENTS
2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–166 struck out ", by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate" before period at end of first sentence.
2002—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §237(1), inserted ", including cost effectiveness
where practical," after "evaluate the effectiveness".
Subsec. (c)(10), (11). Pub. L. 107–296, §237(2), added pars. (10) and (11).
1994—Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "crime," for "crime,,".
1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(1), required Director to report to Attorney
General through Assistant Attorney General.
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(A)(i), struck out ", including programs
authorized by section 3713 of this title" after "system goals".
Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(A)(ii), struck out "the prevention and reduction
of parental kidnaping" after "reduction of crime,".
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(B), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter".
Subsec. (c)(4) to (7). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(C), (F), redesignated pars. (5) to (8) as (4)
to (7), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) relating to evaluation of programs and projects
under other subchapters of this chapter to determine their impact upon criminal and civil justice

systems and achievement of purposes and policies of this chapter and for dissemination of
information.
Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(D)(i), (ii), (F), redesignated par. (10) as (8) and, in
par. (8) as so designated, struck out "nationality priority grants under subchapter V of this
chapter and" after "for funding as" and substituted "subchapter V" for "subchapter VI". Former
par. (8) redesignated (7).
Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(E), (F), redesignated par. (11) as (9), and struck
out former par. (9) relating to a biennial report to President and Congress on state of justice
research.
Subsec. (c)(10), (11). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (8)
and (9), respectively.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to
appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the
Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of
Title 6, Domestic Security.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub.
L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–
473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.