BLS Employment Situation August 2021

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 3, 2021

USDL-21-1571

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2021
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 235,000 in August, and the unemployment rate declined
by 0.2 percentage point to 5.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. So far this
year, monthly job growth has averaged 586,000. In August, notable job gains occurred in professional
and business services, transportation and warehousing, private education, manufacturing, and other
services. Employment in retail trade declined over the month.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
August 2019 – August 2021

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
August 2019 – August 2021

Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

125,000

Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21

Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 5.2 percent in August. The number of
unemployed persons edged down to 8.4 million, following a large decrease in July. Both measures are
down considerably from their highs at the end of the February-April 2020 recession. However, they
remain above their levels prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 million,

respectively, in February 2020). (See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about
how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.1 percent) and Whites (4.5
percent) declined in August, while the rate for teenagers (11.2 percent) increased. The jobless rates for
adult women (4.8 percent), Blacks (8.8 percent), Asians (4.6 percent), and Hispanics (6.4 percent)
showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers declined by 443,000 to 2.5 million in
August but is 1.2 million higher than in February 2020. The number of persons on temporary layoff, at
1.3 million, was essentially unchanged in August. This measure is down considerably from the high of
18.0 million in April 2020 but is 502,000 above the February 2020 level. The number of reentrants to
the labor force increased by 200,000 in August to 2.5 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously
worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by 246,000 in
August to 3.2 million but is 2.1 million higher than in February 2020. These long-term unemployed
accounted for 37.4 percent of the total unemployed in August. The number of persons jobless less than
5 weeks, at 2.1 million, was little changed. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 61.7 percent in August, was unchanged over the month and has
remained within a narrow range of 61.4 percent to 61.7 percent since June 2020. The participation rate is
1.6 percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio, at 58.5 percent,
was little changed in August. This measure is up from its low of 51.3 percent in April 2020 but remains
below the figure of 61.1 percent in February 2020. (See table A-1.)
In August, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, was
essentially unchanged. There were 4.4 million persons in this category in February 2020. These
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their
hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 835,000 in
August to 5.7 million but remains higher than the level in February 2020 (5.0 million). These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4
weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.6 million in August, decreased by 295,000 over the month. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had
not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset
of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 392,000 in August,
down by 115,000 from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In August, 13.4 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, little
changed from the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home
for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.
-2-

In August, 5.6 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer
closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at
some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is up from 5.2 million in July. Among
those who reported in August that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost
business, 13.9 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, up
from 9.1 percent in the prior month.
Among those not in the labor force in August, 1.5 million persons were prevented from looking for
work due to the pandemic, little changed from July. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition,
individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to
help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables
with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 235,000 in August, following increases of 1.1 million in
July and 962,000 in June. Nonfarm employment has risen by 17.0 million since April 2020 but is down
by 5.3 million, or 3.5 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In August, notable job
gains occurred in professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, private education,
manufacturing, and other services. Employment in retail trade declined over the month. (See table B-1.
See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the establishment survey and its measures
were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)
Employment in professional and business services increased by 74,000 in August. Employment rose in
architectural and engineering services (+19,000), computer systems design and related services
(+10,000), scientific research and development services (+7,000), and office administrative services
(+6,000). Since February 2020, employment in professional and business services is down by
468,000, over half of which is in temporary help services (-262,000).
Transportation and warehousing added 53,000 jobs in August, bringing employment in the industry
slightly above (+22,000) its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. Employment gains have been led by
strong growth in couriers and messengers and in warehousing and storage, which added 20,000 jobs
each in August. Air transportation also added jobs (+11,000), while transit and ground passenger
transportation—which includes school buses—lost jobs (-8,000).
In August, employment increased by 40,000 in private education, declined by 21,000 in state
government education, and changed little in local government education (-6,000). In all three
industries, these employment changes followed job gains in June and July. August marks the beginning
of the traditional back-to-school season. However, recent employment changes are challenging to
interpret, as pandemic-related staffing fluctuations in public and private education have distorted the
normal seasonal hiring and layoff patterns. Since February 2020, employment is down by 159,000 in
private education, by 186,000 in state government education, and by 220,000 in local government
education.

-3-

Manufacturing added 37,000 jobs in August, with gains in motor vehicles and parts (+24,000) and
fabricated metal products (+7,000). Employment in manufacturing is down by 378,000 from its prepandemic level in February 2020.
The other services industry added 37,000 jobs in August, but employment is 189,000 lower than in
February 2020. In August, employment rose in personal and laundry services (+19,000) and in repair
and maintenance (+9,000).
Employment in information increased by 17,000 in August, reflecting a gain in data processing,
hosting, and related services (+12,000). Employment in information is down by 150,000 since February
2020.
Employment in financial activities rose by 16,000 over the month, with most of the gain occurring in
real estate (+11,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 29,000 since February 2020.
Mining added 6,000 jobs in August, reflecting a gain in support activities for mining (+4,000). Mining
employment has risen by 55,000 since a trough in August 2020 but is 96,000 below a peak in January
2019.
Employment in retail trade declined by 29,000 in August, with losses in food and beverage stores
(-23,000) and in building material and garden supply stores (-13,000). Retail trade employment is down
by 285,000 since February 2020.
In August, employment in leisure and hospitality was unchanged, after increasing by an average of
350,000 per month over the prior 6 months. In August, a job gain in arts, entertainment, and recreation
(+36,000) was more than offset by a loss in food services and drinking places (-42,000). Employment in
leisure and hospitality is down by 1.7 million, or 10.0 percent, since February 2020.
In August, employment showed little change in other major industries, including construction,
wholesale trade, and health care.
Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 17 cents to $30.73 in
August, following increases in the prior 4 months. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector
production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 14 cents to $25.99. The data for recent months
suggest that the rising demand for labor associated with the recovery from the pandemic may have put
upward pressure on wages. However, because average hourly earnings vary widely across industries, the
large employment fluctuations since February 2020 complicate the analysis of recent trends in average
hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
In August, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.7 hours for the
third consecutive month. In manufacturing, the average workweek fell by 0.2 hour over the month to
40.3 hours, and overtime remained at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.2 hours. (See tables B-2
and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised up by 24,000, from +938,000 to
+962,000, and the change for July was revised up by 110,000, from +943,000 to +1,053,000. With these
revisions, employment in June and July combined is 134,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly
-4-

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 8, 2021,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on August 2021 Household and
Establishment Survey Data
Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data
continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the
safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone
interviews could not be done.
As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as
unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the
share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic
and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of
what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified workers been included among the
unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in August 2021
would have been 0.3 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of
our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error.
More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at
www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-august-2021.htm.

-5-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021

Change from:
July 2021Aug. 2021

Aug.
2021

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

260,558
160,818
61.7
147,276
56.5
13,542
8.4
99,740

261,338
161,086
61.6
151,602
58.0
9,484
5.9
100,253

261,469
161,347
61.7
152,645
58.4
8,702
5.4
100,123

261,611
161,537
61.7
153,154
58.5
8,384
5.2
100,074

142
190
0.0
509
0.1
-318
-0.2
-49

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

8.4
8.0
8.3
16.4
7.4
12.8
10.6
10.5

5.9
5.9
5.5
9.9
5.2
9.2
5.8
7.4

5.4
5.4
5.0
9.6
4.8
8.2
5.3
6.6

5.2
5.1
4.8
11.2
4.5
8.8
4.6
6.4

-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
1.6
-0.3
0.6
-0.7
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

7.5
12.6
9.8
8.0
5.3

5.4
10.2
7.0
5.8
3.5

4.8
9.5
6.3
5.0
3.1

4.5
7.8
6.0
5.1
2.8

-0.3
-1.7
-0.3
0.1
-0.3

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

10,248
595
2,104
549

5,787
942
2,298
494

4,960
930
2,287
463

4,468
822
2,487
512

-492
-108
200
49

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,312
3,213
6,536
1,593

1,981
2,166
1,329
3,985

2,257
1,861
1,174
3,425

2,083
2,066
1,164
3,179

-174
205
-10
-246

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

7,533
6,181
1,120
18,630

4,627
3,430
1,007
20,337

4,483
2,965
1,116
20,087

4,469
3,183
1,032
20,359

-14
218
-84
272

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

2,061
552

1,830
617

1,872
507

1,577
392

-295
-115

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category

June
2021

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,583
1,066
53
-4
26
31
-2
-4.1
33
1,013
7.1
252.9
87.2
0.4
25
28
200
99.4
199
110.2
139
74
517

962
808
42
12
-2
32
31
-2.8
1
766
27.4
88.9
23.6
-0.7
12
0
70
31.0
72
15.5
397
76
154

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,718
2,465

615
530

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Aug.
2020

49.8
48.3
81.3

34.7
$29.47
$1,022.61
103.7
1.2
146.1
1.5

69.1
58.0

49.8
48.4
81.3

34.7
$30.44
$1,056.27
108.1
0.4
157.3
0.8

69.8
68.7

July
2021p

1,053
798
64
6
6
52
41
10.5
11
734
13.6
-8.0
55.0
0.0
21
24
79
10.1
88
43.5
415
46
255
876
720

49.9
48.4
81.4

34.7
$30.56
$1,060.43
108.8
0.6
159.0
1.1

68.9
66.0

Aug.
2021p

235
243
40
6
-3
37
31
24.1
6
203
1.4
-28.5
53.2
-1.3
17
16
74
-5.8
35
-4.6
0
37
-8
750
616

49.8
48.4
81.4

34.7
$30.73
$1,066.33
109.0
0.2
160.2
0.8

61.7
55.3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 697,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000
(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

260,558
160,966
61.8
147,224
56.5
13,742
8.5
99,592
7,184

261,469
162,817
62.3
153,596
58.7
9,221
5.7
98,653
6,818

261,611
161,788
61.8
153,232
58.6
8,556
5.3
99,823
5,810

260,558
160,818
61.7
147,276
56.5
13,542
8.4
99,740
7,049

261,103
160,988
61.7
151,176
57.9
9,812
6.1
100,115
6,647

261,210
160,935
61.6
151,620
58.0
9,316
5.8
100,275
6,600

261,338
161,086
61.6
151,602
58.0
9,484
5.9
100,253
6,428

261,469
161,347
61.7
152,645
58.4
8,702
5.4
100,123
6,517

261,611
161,537
61.7
153,154
58.5
8,384
5.2
100,074
5,682

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,036
85,600
67.9
78,711
62.5
6,889
8.0
40,436

126,499
86,723
68.6
81,918
64.8
4,806
5.5
39,776

126,570
86,074
68.0
81,670
64.5
4,404
5.1
40,496

126,036
85,270
67.7
78,213
62.1
7,057
8.3
40,765

126,316
85,410
67.6
80,017
63.3
5,394
6.3
40,905

126,369
85,210
67.4
80,062
63.4
5,148
6.0
41,159

126,434
85,320
67.5
80,176
63.4
5,144
6.0
41,114

126,499
85,507
67.6
80,712
63.8
4,795
5.6
40,992

126,570
85,684
67.7
81,100
64.1
4,584
5.4
40,886

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,672
82,554
70.2
76,178
64.7
6,376
7.7
35,118

118,192
83,075
70.3
78,698
66.6
4,376
5.3
35,118

118,261
82,817
70.0
78,783
66.6
4,034
4.9
35,444

117,672
82,461
70.1
75,903
64.5
6,558
8.0
35,211

118,003
82,333
69.8
77,348
65.5
4,985
6.1
35,670

118,059
82,182
69.6
77,340
65.5
4,842
5.9
35,877

118,125
82,414
69.8
77,545
65.6
4,869
5.9
35,711

118,192
82,526
69.8
78,041
66.0
4,484
5.4
35,667

118,261
82,665
69.9
78,440
66.3
4,225
5.1
35,597

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,523
75,366
56.0
68,513
50.9
6,853
9.1
59,156

134,970
76,093
56.4
71,678
53.1
4,416
5.8
58,877

135,041
75,714
56.1
71,562
53.0
4,152
5.5
59,327

134,523
75,548
56.2
69,063
51.3
6,485
8.6
58,975

134,787
75,577
56.1
71,159
52.8
4,418
5.8
59,210

134,841
75,725
56.2
71,557
53.1
4,168
5.5
59,116

134,905
75,766
56.2
71,426
52.9
4,340
5.7
59,139

134,970
75,840
56.2
71,934
53.3
3,906
5.2
59,130

135,041
75,853
56.2
72,054
53.4
3,799
5.0
59,188

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,336
72,415
57.3
65,997
52.2
6,418
8.9
53,921

126,837
72,547
57.2
68,494
54.0
4,053
5.6
54,290

126,906
72,571
57.2
68,746
54.2
3,825
5.3
54,335

126,336
72,728
57.6
66,667
52.8
6,061
8.3
53,608

126,648
72,503
57.2
68,430
54.0
4,073
5.6
54,145

126,704
72,707
57.4
68,811
54.3
3,895
5.4
53,998

126,770
72,855
57.5
68,817
54.3
4,038
5.5
53,915

126,837
72,883
57.5
69,235
54.6
3,648
5.0
53,954

126,906
72,842
57.4
69,357
54.7
3,485
4.8
54,065

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,550
5,998
36.2
5,049
30.5
949
15.8
10,552

16,440
7,195
43.8
6,403
38.9
792
11.0
9,245

16,443
6,400
38.9
5,702
34.7
697
10.9
10,044

16,550
5,630
34.0
4,706
28.4
924
16.4
10,920

16,451
6,152
37.4
5,398
32.8
754
12.3
10,300

16,446
6,046
36.8
5,468
33.2
578
9.6
10,400

16,443
5,817
35.4
5,240
31.9
577
9.9
10,626

16,440
5,938
36.1
5,369
32.7
569
9.6
10,502

16,443
6,031
36.7
5,357
32.6
674
11.2
10,412

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

201,417
124,491
61.8
115,205
57.2
9,286
7.5
76,927

201,888
125,285
62.1
118,974
58.9
6,311
5.0
76,602

201,968
124,329
61.6
118,601
58.7
5,728
4.6
77,639

201,417
124,512
61.8
115,342
57.3
9,170
7.4
76,906

201,687
123,964
61.5
117,358
58.2
6,606
5.3
77,723

201,743
123,897
61.4
117,553
58.3
6,344
5.1
77,845

201,814
123,800
61.3
117,320
58.1
6,480
5.2
78,013

201,888
124,413
61.6
118,428
58.7
5,985
4.8
77,475

201,968
124,332
61.6
118,697
58.8
5,635
4.5
77,635

64,909
70.3
60,577
65.6
4,331
6.7

65,140
70.3
62,093
67.0
3,048
4.7

64,844
70.0
62,142
67.1
2,702
4.2

64,946
70.3
60,459
65.5
4,487
6.9

64,593
69.8
61,155
66.1
3,439
5.3

64,492
69.7
61,182
66.1
3,311
5.1

64,478
69.6
61,122
66.0
3,357
5.2

64,858
70.0
61,701
66.6
3,157
4.9

64,856
70.0
61,980
66.9
2,875
4.4

54,837
56.6
50,557
52.2
4,279
7.8

54,594
56.2
51,831
53.3
2,763
5.1

54,494
56.0
51,930
53.4
2,564
4.7

55,140
56.9
51,111
52.7
4,029
7.3

54,603
56.2
51,965
53.5
2,638
4.8

54,698
56.3
52,079
53.6
2,618
4.8

54,800
56.4
52,084
53.6
2,716
5.0

54,993
56.6
52,538
54.0
2,455
4.5

54,816
56.4
52,496
54.0
2,319
4.2

4,746
39.1
4,070
33.5
676
14.2

5,551
46.0
5,050
41.9
501
9.0

4,991
41.4
4,530
37.6
462
9.2

4,425
36.5
3,771
31.1
654
14.8

4,768
39.5
4,238
35.1
530
11.1

4,707
39.0
4,292
35.6
415
8.8

4,522
37.5
4,114
34.1
408
9.0

4,562
37.8
4,189
34.7
373
8.2

4,661
38.7
4,220
35.0
441
9.5

33,386
20,199
60.5
17,551
52.6
2,648
13.1
13,187

33,619
20,692
61.6
18,883
56.2
1,809
8.7
12,926

33,645
20,823
61.9
18,934
56.3
1,889
9.1
12,822

33,386
20,112
60.2
17,530
52.5
2,582
12.8
13,274

33,551
20,544
61.2
18,546
55.3
1,998
9.7
13,007

33,572
20,439
60.9
18,584
55.4
1,854
9.1
13,133

33,595
20,679
61.6
18,769
55.9
1,910
9.2
12,916

33,619
20,430
60.8
18,757
55.8
1,673
8.2
13,189

33,645
20,717
61.6
18,892
56.2
1,825
8.8
12,928

9,331
66.3
8,125
57.7
1,206
12.9

9,503
66.9
8,699
61.2
804
8.5

9,544
67.1
8,700
61.2
844
8.8

9,281
65.9
8,059
57.3
1,222
13.2

9,465
66.8
8,498
59.9
967
10.2

9,460
66.7
8,533
60.1
927
9.8

9,607
67.7
8,648
60.9
958
10.0

9,402
66.2
8,609
60.6
793
8.4

9,491
66.7
8,628
60.7
864
9.1

10,141
60.0
8,870
52.5
1,271
12.5

10,284
60.4
9,426
55.4
858
8.3

10,495
61.6
9,589
56.3
906
8.6

10,140
60.0
8,945
52.9
1,195
11.8

10,315
60.7
9,429
55.5
887
8.6

10,293
60.6
9,448
55.6
844
8.2

10,358
60.9
9,473
55.7
886
8.5

10,293
60.5
9,511
55.9
782
7.6

10,480
61.5
9,652
56.7
828
7.9

727
30.1
556
23.0
171
23.5

905
37.9
758
31.8
147
16.3

784
32.9
646
27.1
138
17.6

691
28.6
525
21.8
166
24.0

764
32.0
620
25.9
144
18.9

686
28.7
603
25.2
83
12.1

714
29.9
648
27.1
67
9.3

735
30.8
637
26.7
98
13.3

746
31.2
612
25.6
134
17.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aug.
2020
16,597
10,627
64.0
9,491
57.2
1,136
10.7
5,969

July
2021
16,514
10,703
64.8
10,118
61.3
585
5.5
5,811

Aug.
2021
16,555
10,672
64.5
10,181
61.5
492
4.6
5,883

Aug.
2020
16,597
10,582
63.8
9,461
57.0
1,121
10.6
6,015

Apr.
2021
16,532
10,375
62.8
9,786
59.2
589
5.7
6,157

May
2021
16,529
10,471
63.4
9,890
59.8
581
5.5
6,057

June
2021
16,428
10,387
63.2
9,789
59.6
598
5.8
6,042

July
2021
16,514
10,654
64.5
10,094
61.1
559
5.3
5,861

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Aug.
2021
16,555
10,610
64.1
10,122
61.1
488
4.6
5,945

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

44,300
28,901
65.2
25,859
58.4
3,042
10.5
15,399

44,927
29,607
65.9
27,652
61.5
1,955
6.6
15,320

45,004
29,449
65.4
27,635
61.4
1,814
6.2
15,555

44,300
28,940
65.3
25,897
58.5
3,042
10.5
15,361

44,719
29,199
65.3
26,889
60.1
2,310
7.9
15,520

44,786
29,243
65.3
27,110
60.5
2,133
7.3
15,543

44,857
29,367
65.5
27,183
60.6
2,184
7.4
15,490

44,927
29,529
65.7
27,576
61.4
1,953
6.6
15,398

45,004
29,534
65.6
27,652
61.4
1,882
6.4
15,470

15,763
78.8
14,261
71.3
1,502
9.5

16,209
79.8
15,316
75.4
893
5.5

16,239
79.8
15,374
75.6
865
5.3

15,760
78.8
14,218
71.1
1,542
9.8

16,086
79.6
14,882
73.6
1,204
7.5

16,079
79.5
15,006
74.1
1,073
6.7

16,068
79.3
15,005
74.0
1,063
6.6

16,228
79.9
15,225
75.0
1,003
6.2

16,285
80.1
15,318
75.3
967
5.9

11,831
58.4
10,547
52.0
1,284
10.9

11,939
58.0
11,087
53.9
851
7.1

11,902
57.7
11,160
54.1
742
6.2

11,912
58.8
10,652
52.5
1,260
10.6

11,790
57.6
10,909
53.3
881
7.5

11,928
58.2
11,043
53.8
884
7.4

12,071
58.8
11,111
54.1
959
7.9

12,020
58.4
11,209
54.5
811
6.7

11,977
58.1
11,253
54.6
725
6.0

1,307
32.5
1,051
26.1
256
19.6

1,459
36.0
1,248
30.8
211
14.5

1,308
32.3
1,101
27.2
207
15.8

1,267
31.5
1,027
25.5
240
18.9

1,323
32.8
1,098
27.2
225
17.0

1,236
30.6
1,061
26.3
175
14.2

1,228
30.4
1,066
26.4
162
13.2

1,280
31.6
1,142
28.2
138
10.8

1,271
31.3
1,081
26.7
190
15.0

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,545
45.1
7,536
39.8
1,009
11.8

9,046
45.7
8,214
41.5
832
9.2

9,188
45.9
8,542
42.7
646
7.0

8,528
45.0
7,455
39.3
1,073
12.6

9,020
44.2
8,185
40.1
835
9.3

8,790
42.8
7,993
38.9
797
9.1

9,142
44.1
8,210
39.6
932
10.2

9,254
46.7
8,377
42.3
877
9.5

9,158
45.8
8,448
42.2
710
7.8

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,365
55.3
31,007
49.9
3,358
9.8

34,895
55.2
32,721
51.7
2,175
6.2

35,571
55.7
33,473
52.4
2,098
5.9

34,228
55.1
30,875
49.7
3,354
9.8

34,704
55.3
32,307
51.5
2,397
6.9

34,930
55.5
32,543
51.7
2,388
6.8

34,972
55.9
32,517
52.0
2,455
7.0

34,947
55.3
32,735
51.8
2,211
6.3

35,347
55.3
33,232
52.0
2,115
6.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,155
63.5
33,169
58.3
2,987
8.3

35,827
62.9
33,955
59.6
1,872
5.2

35,502
63.0
33,611
59.7
1,890
5.3

36,558
64.2
33,642
59.1
2,916
8.0

35,485
63.0
33,422
59.3
2,063
5.8

35,917
63.4
33,808
59.7
2,108
5.9

36,079
63.1
33,970
59.4
2,109
5.8

35,896
63.0
34,111
59.9
1,785
5.0

35,845
63.6
34,019
60.4
1,826
5.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61,379
72.1
57,935
68.1
3,444
5.6

60,526
71.9
58,438
69.4
2,089
3.5

60,321
71.7
58,441
69.5
1,880
3.1

61,815
72.7
58,563
68.8
3,252
5.3

60,804
72.2
58,662
69.6
2,142
3.5

60,727
72.5
58,802
70.2
1,925
3.2

60,483
72.3
58,392
69.8
2,091
3.5

60,927
72.4
59,027
70.1
1,900
3.1

60,794
72.3
59,077
70.2
1,717
2.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Aug.
2020

Men
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Women
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,422
8,821
47.9
8,261
44.8
560
6.4
9,601

18,037
8,443
46.8
8,141
45.1
303
3.6
9,594

16,515
7,796
47.2
7,320
44.3
476
6.1
8,719

16,119
7,335
45.5
7,068
43.8
267
3.6
8,784

1,907
1,025
53.8
941
49.4
84
8.2
882

1,918
1,108
57.8
1,073
55.9
35
3.2
810

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,578
3,637
79.5
3,382
73.9
256
7.0
940

4,625
3,579
77.4
3,466
75.0
112
3.1
1,046

3,833
3,171
82.7
2,936
76.6
235
7.4
663

3,833
3,005
78.4
2,905
75.8
100
3.3
828

744
467
62.7
446
59.9
21
4.5
278

792
574
72.5
562
71.0
12
2.1
218

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,002
2,214
73.7
2,110
70.3
104
4.7
789

3,086
2,228
72.2
2,154
69.8
74
3.3
859

2,479
1,841
74.3
1,782
71.9
60
3.2
637

2,579
1,913
74.2
1,850
71.7
63
3.3
666

524
372
71.0
328
62.7
44
11.8
152

507
314
62.0
304
59.9
10
3.3
193

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,776
1,165
17.2
1,093
16.1
72
6.2
5,611

6,391
1,017
15.9
975
15.3
43
4.2
5,374

6,539
1,142
17.5
1,073
16.4
69
6.0
5,397

6,166
964
15.6
926
15.0
38
3.9
5,202

237
23
9.7
20
8.4
3
–
214

225
54
23.9
49
21.6
5
–
171

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,066
1,806
44.4
1,677
41.2
129
7.1
2,260

3,935
1,620
41.2
1,546
39.3
74
4.6
2,315

3,664
1,642
44.8
1,529
41.7
113
6.9
2,022

3,541
1,454
41.1
1,388
39.2
66
4.5
2,087

402
164
40.7
148
36.7
16
9.8
238

394
166
42.1
158
40.1
8
4.7
228

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,177
149,789
64.2
136,921
58.7
12,868
8.6
83,388

234,885
150,808
64.2
142,825
60.8
7,983
5.3
84,077

105,012
76,683
73.0
70,410
67.0
6,273
8.2
28,329

106,117
77,539
73.1
73,517
69.3
4,023
5.2
28,578

128,165
73,106
57.0
66,511
51.9
6,595
9.0
55,059

128,768
73,269
56.9
69,308
53.8
3,961
5.4
55,499

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

Persons with no disability
Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,304
6,050
20.6
5,254
17.9
796
13.2
23,253

31,258
6,738
21.6
6,004
19.2
734
10.9
24,520

231,254
154,916
67.0
141,970
61.4
12,946
8.4
76,338

230,353
155,050
67.3
147,228
63.9
7,823
5.0
75,303

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,610
36.1
2,281
31.6
329
12.6
4,616

2,938
38.3
2,587
33.7
351
12.0
4,738

77,128
81.9
71,015
75.4
6,113
7.9
17,000

77,166
82.5
73,364
78.5
3,802
4.9
16,326

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,266
31.1
1,897
26.1
368
16.3
5,012

2,633
33.0
2,345
29.4
289
11.0
5,347

68,392
70.4
62,360
64.2
6,032
8.8
28,719

68,393
71.2
64,775
67.5
3,617
5.3
27,631

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,174
7.9
1,076
7.3
99
8.4
13,625

1,166
7.5
1,073
6.9
94
8.0
14,435

9,396
23.5
8,595
21.5
801
8.5
30,620

9,491
23.2
9,088
22.3
403
4.2
31,345

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Aug.
2020

Men
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Women
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

42,041
27,325
65.0
24,551
58.4
2,774
10.2
14,716

42,890
27,916
65.1
26,453
61.7
1,464
5.2
14,973

20,287
15,547
76.6
14,225
70.1
1,322
8.5
4,739

20,760
16,072
77.4
15,285
73.6
787
4.9
4,688

21,754
11,778
54.1
10,326
47.5
1,451
12.3
9,977

22,129
11,845
53.5
11,168
50.5
677
5.7
10,285

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,517
133,641
61.2
122,673
56.1
10,968
8.2
84,876

218,721
133,872
61.2
126,779
58.0
7,092
5.3
84,850

105,749
70,053
66.2
64,486
61.0
5,566
7.9
35,696

105,810
70,002
66.2
66,385
62.7
3,617
5.2
35,808

112,768
63,588
56.4
58,186
51.6
5,402
8.5
49,180

112,912
63,870
56.6
60,394
53.5
3,475
5.4
49,042

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

2,259
1,457
788
14
144,965
136,073
20,445
115,628
715
114,913
8,815
77

2,401
1,636
740
24
151,195
141,412
19,923
121,489
679
120,810
9,716
67

2,385
1,606
744
34
150,847
141,181
20,277
120,904
733
120,171
9,607
60

2,194
1,461
754
–
145,216
136,168
20,988
115,141
–
114,440
8,788
–

2,292
1,527
688
–
148,942
139,825
20,410
119,548
–
118,995
8,962
–

2,293
1,534
737
–
149,397
139,799
20,454
119,449
–
118,901
9,265
–

2,318
1,604
692
–
149,329
139,873
20,578
119,460
–
118,948
9,146
–

2,305
1,584
708
–
150,481
140,487
20,761
119,955
–
119,334
9,571
–

2,329
1,606
712
–
151,115
141,168
20,793
120,345
–
119,608
9,541
–

7,488
6,106
1,039
17,110

4,605
2,997
1,149
18,660

4,385
3,087
958
18,871

7,533
6,181
1,120
18,630

5,243
3,997
974
19,057

5,271
4,069
966
19,160

4,627
3,430
1,007
20,337

4,483
2,965
1,116
20,087

4,469
3,183
1,032
20,359

7,387
6,033
1,027
16,744

4,526
2,953
1,127
18,310

4,309
3,029
943
18,557

7,439
6,110
1,107
18,257

5,178
3,949
970
18,713

5,231
4,039
963
18,774

4,544
3,381
996
19,982

4,351
2,908
1,099
19,736

4,414
3,126
1,019
20,027

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

147,224
5,049
2,042
3,007
142,175
12,528
129,647
94,500
32,765
31,873
29,863
35,147

153,596
6,403
2,407
3,996
147,193
13,865
133,327
97,586
34,421
32,740
30,426
35,741

153,232
5,702
2,266
3,436
147,530
13,462
134,068
97,881
34,575
32,828
30,479
36,186

147,276
4,706
1,816
2,851
142,571
12,281
130,340
94,986
32,953
31,978
30,055
35,354

151,176
5,398
2,057
3,337
145,778
13,118
132,540
96,952
34,319
32,407
30,226
35,588

151,620
5,468
2,080
3,380
146,151
13,157
132,898
97,172
34,406
32,491
30,275
35,726

151,602
5,240
1,952
3,287
146,362
13,399
133,068
97,331
34,284
32,612
30,436
35,737

152,645
5,369
1,971
3,378
147,277
13,342
134,135
98,131
34,589
32,923
30,620
36,003

153,154
5,357
2,025
3,293
147,797
13,238
134,652
98,289
34,742
32,914
30,633
36,363

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78,711
2,533
982
1,552
76,178
6,563
69,615
50,761
17,572
17,240
15,949
18,855

81,918
3,220
1,172
2,047
78,698
7,074
71,624
52,327
18,507
17,750
16,069
19,297

81,670
2,887
1,085
1,802
78,783
6,982
71,801
52,406
18,523
17,741
16,142
19,395

78,213
2,310
845
1,442
75,903
6,339
69,559
50,741
17,595
17,197
15,950
18,818

80,017
2,669
970
1,680
77,348
6,770
70,562
51,616
18,339
17,477
15,801
18,946

80,062
2,722
1,013
1,707
77,340
6,719
70,798
51,664
18,352
17,525
15,787
19,134

80,176
2,631
942
1,679
77,545
6,737
70,955
51,804
18,167
17,616
16,021
19,150

80,712
2,670
944
1,720
78,041
6,713
71,479
52,220
18,472
17,707
16,041
19,259

81,100
2,660
949
1,691
78,440
6,769
71,690
52,348
18,535
17,699
16,115
19,342

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

68,513
2,516
1,060
1,456
65,997
5,965
60,032
43,739
15,193
14,633
13,914
16,292

71,678
3,183
1,235
1,949
68,494
6,791
61,703
45,259
15,913
14,990
14,356
16,444

71,562
2,816
1,181
1,635
68,746
6,480
62,266
45,476
16,052
15,087
14,337
16,791

69,063
2,396
970
1,409
66,667
5,943
60,781
44,245
15,359
14,781
14,105
16,536

71,159
2,729
1,087
1,656
68,430
6,348
61,978
45,336
15,980
14,930
14,425
16,642

71,557
2,746
1,067
1,673
68,811
6,438
62,100
45,508
16,054
14,966
14,488
16,592

71,426
2,609
1,010
1,608
68,817
6,662
62,113
45,527
16,117
14,995
14,415
16,587

71,934
2,698
1,027
1,658
69,235
6,629
62,655
45,911
16,116
15,216
14,579
16,744

72,054
2,697
1,076
1,602
69,357
6,469
62,962
45,941
16,207
15,215
14,519
17,021

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44,420
34,703
8,689

43,622
34,394
9,520

43,637
34,485
9,642

44,404
35,262
–

43,805
35,013
–

43,647
34,950
–

43,533
34,891
–

43,823
35,208
–

43,641
35,043
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,619
23,605

128,863
24,732

128,664
24,568

122,461
24,896

126,161
25,024

126,384
25,202

126,201
25,610

127,466
25,360

127,436
25,783

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,541
4.4

7,013
4.6

6,783
4.4

6,802
4.6

6,916
4.6

7,269
4.8

7,109
4.7

7,026
4.6

7,041
4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,327
9,603

6,144
10,456

6,091
10,351

–
9,541

–
9,651

–
10,002

–
9,837

–
10,279

–
10,253

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13,542
924
314
611
12,618
2,021
10,581
7,678
3,490
2,193
1,996
2,902

8,702
569
211
352
8,132
1,331
6,768
5,077
2,252
1,610
1,215
1,649

8,384
674
264
407
7,710
1,365
6,358
4,870
2,069
1,512
1,289
1,489

8.4
16.4
14.8
17.6
8.1
14.1
7.5
7.5
9.6
6.4
6.2
7.6

6.1
12.3
11.3
13.0
5.8
10.5
5.3
5.5
6.4
4.9
4.9
5.0

5.8
9.6
8.9
9.5
5.6
10.1
5.1
5.2
5.8
5.0
4.8
4.9

5.9
9.9
9.6
10.1
5.7
9.1
5.4
5.5
6.5
5.3
4.6
4.9

5.4
9.6
9.7
9.4
5.2
9.1
4.8
4.9
6.1
4.7
3.8
4.4

5.2
11.2
11.6
11.0
5.0
9.3
4.5
4.7
5.6
4.4
4.0
3.9

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,057
500
144
358
6,558
1,059
5,489
4,028
1,898
1,161
969
1,461

4,795
311
106
201
4,484
778
3,661
2,778
1,231
867
680
883

4,584
359
119
243
4,225
727
3,515
2,699
1,159
837
703
815

8.3
17.8
14.5
19.9
8.0
14.3
7.3
7.4
9.7
6.3
5.7
7.2

6.3
13.3
11.5
14.1
6.1
11.5
5.5
5.5
6.7
4.6
5.2
5.2

6.0
10.1
8.0
11.2
5.9
10.9
5.3
5.5
6.2
5.2
5.0
4.6

6.0
9.5
10.5
8.8
5.9
10.2
5.4
5.6
7.0
5.0
4.7
4.8

5.6
10.4
10.1
10.5
5.4
10.4
4.9
5.1
6.2
4.7
4.1
4.4

5.4
11.9
11.2
12.6
5.1
9.7
4.7
4.9
5.9
4.5
4.2
4.0

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,485
424
170
253
6,061
962
5,092
3,650
1,592
1,032
1,027
1,440

3,906
258
105
151
3,648
553
3,107
2,300
1,021
743
535
749

3,799
314
145
164
3,485
638
2,843
2,171
910
675
586
674

8.6
15.0
14.9
15.2
8.3
13.9
7.7
7.6
9.4
6.5
6.8
8.0

5.8
11.2
11.1
11.8
5.6
9.3
5.2
5.4
6.2
5.3
4.5
4.9

5.5
9.0
9.7
7.7
5.4
9.2
4.9
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.5
5.0

5.7
10.4
8.8
11.3
5.5
7.9
5.3
5.3
5.8
5.5
4.6
5.0

5.2
8.7
9.3
8.3
5.0
7.7
4.7
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.5
4.3

5.0
10.4
11.9
9.3
4.8
9.0
4.3
4.5
5.3
4.2
3.9
3.8

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,328
2,417
1,011

1,547
1,197
886

1,464
1,035
828

5.0
6.4
10.4

3.8
3.8
7.3

3.5
3.7
6.6

3.8
3.7
8.1

3.4
3.3
8.5

3.2
2.9
7.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,079
2,461

7,367
1,343

6,972
1,418

8.3
9.0

6.1
5.7

5.8
5.1

6.0
5.4

5.5
5.0

5.2
5.2

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

10,347
6,206
4,141
3,398
743
672
2,103
620

5,135
1,455
3,680
2,927
753
967
2,447
672

4,547
1,283
3,264
2,545
719
905
2,514
590

10,248
6,175
4,074
3,326
747
595
2,104
549

6,387
2,114
4,273
3,529
744
824
2,072
625

5,841
1,823
4,019
3,234
785
778
2,149
525

5,787
1,811
3,976
3,187
789
942
2,298
494

4,960
1,239
3,721
2,930
791
930
2,287
463

4,468
1,252
3,217
2,487
730
822
2,487
512

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

75.3
45.2
30.1
4.9
15.3
4.5

55.7
15.8
39.9
10.5
26.5
7.3

53.1
15.0
38.1
10.6
29.4
6.9

75.9
45.8
30.2
4.4
15.6
4.1

64.5
21.3
43.1
8.3
20.9
6.3

62.9
19.6
43.2
8.4
23.1
5.7

60.8
19.0
41.8
9.9
24.1
5.2

57.4
14.3
43.1
10.8
26.5
5.4

53.9
15.1
38.8
9.9
30.0
6.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

6.4
0.4
1.3
0.4

3.2
0.6
1.5
0.4

2.8
0.6
1.6
0.4

6.4
0.4
1.3
0.3

4.0
0.5
1.3
0.4

3.6
0.5
1.3
0.3

3.6
0.6
1.4
0.3

3.1
0.6
1.4
0.3

2.8
0.5
1.5
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,283
3,442
8,018
6,381
1,637

2,534
2,165
4,522
1,019
3,503

2,051
2,269
4,236
1,042
3,195

2,312
3,213
8,129
6,536
1,593

2,414
1,939
5,386
1,203
4,183

2,023
2,126
5,013
1,262
3,752

1,981
2,166
5,314
1,329
3,985

2,257
1,861
4,599
1,174
3,425

2,083
2,066
4,343
1,164
3,179

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.7
16.2

28.3
13.9

29.2
14.3

20.0
16.7

28.8
19.8

29.9
19.3

31.6
19.8

29.5
15.2

29.6
14.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.6
25.0
58.3
46.4
11.9

27.5
23.5
49.0
11.1
38.0

24.0
26.5
49.5
12.2
37.3

16.9
23.5
59.5
47.9
11.7

24.8
19.9
55.3
12.4
43.0

22.1
23.2
54.7
13.8
40.9

20.9
22.9
56.2
14.0
42.1

25.9
21.3
52.8
13.5
39.3

24.5
24.3
51.1
13.7
37.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

147,224
63,095

153,232
64,122

13,742
3,680

8,556
2,123

8.5
5.5

5.3
3.2

27,090
36,004
22,673
30,434
14,402
16,032

28,160
35,961
24,940
29,671
14,277
15,394

1,325
2,354
3,500
2,581
1,361
1,220

849
1,274
2,008
1,604
832
772

4.7
6.1
13.4
7.8
8.6
7.1

2.9
3.4
7.5
5.1
5.5
4.8

13,559
977
7,972
4,610

14,588
1,146
8,330
5,113

1,162
77
739
345

723
74
480
169

7.9
7.3
8.5
7.0

4.7
6.1
5.4
3.2

17,464
7,427
10,037

19,911
8,231
11,679

2,187
800
1,386

1,490
442
1,048

11.1
9.7
12.1

7.0
5.1
8.2

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

13,742
11,099
93
762
1,003
610
393
1,612
847
210
430
1,286
1,530
2,751
574
83
1,232
708

8,556
6,572
70
448
536
309
227
1,210
481
109
320
824
1,047
1,201
327
94
764
535

8.5
8.8
12.4
7.6
6.7
6.5
7.0
8.3
11.3
8.6
4.2
7.2
6.3
21.3
9.1
5.6
5.7
6.8

5.3
5.2
10.2
4.6
3.6
3.3
4.2
6.1
5.9
4.4
3.2
4.6
4.3
9.1
5.0
5.7
3.6
4.9

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2020

July
2021

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Apr.
2021

May
2021

June
2021

July
2021

Aug.
2021

5.0

2.8

2.6

5.1

3.3

3.1

3.3

2.9

2.7

6.4

3.2

2.8

6.4

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.1

2.8

8.5

5.7

5.3

8.4

6.1

5.8

5.9

5.4

5.2

8.8

6.0

5.5

8.7

6.4

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.4

9.7

6.8

6.2

9.6

7.2

6.9

6.9

6.5

6.1

14.3

9.6

8.9

14.2

10.4

10.2

9.8

9.2

8.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Aug.
2020

Men
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Women
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2020

Aug.
2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

99,592
7,184
2,083
551
1,532

99,823
5,810
1,558
367
1,191

40,436
3,389
1,119
350
769

40,496
2,518
819
227
592

59,156
3,795
965
202
763

59,327
3,293
739
140
599

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,541
4.4
3,712
1,564
291
948

6,783
4.4
3,846
1,489
325
1,045

3,296
4.2
2,063
574
163
481

3,439
4.2
2,094
586
173
550

3,245
4.7
1,649
989
127
468

3,344
4.7
1,753
903
152
495

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

140,728
119,704
20,188

146,578
124,910
20,629

146,544
125,769
20,742

146,856
125,871
20,782

141,149
119,076
19,880

145,902
124,104
20,377

146,955
124,902
20,441

147,190
125,145
20,481

Change
from:
July2021 Aug.2021p
235
243
40

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

595
45.9
549.1
135.9
179.8
40.8
42.1

634
44.7
589.0
137.6
183.4
41.5
42.7

643
45.5
597.3
139.4
186.3
41.4
43.0

647
45.7
601.0
140.3
186.8
42.6
42.7

589
44.7
544.3
134.8
176.5
40.5
41.9

632
44.8
586.7
137.6
181.8
42.1
42.6

638
44.7
593.2
138.2
182.2
41.5
42.7

644
44.7
599.2
139.0
183.4
42.5
42.5

6
0.0
6.0
0.8
1.2
1.0
-0.2

96.9
233.4

99.2
268.0

101.9
271.6

101.5
273.9

94.1
233.0

97.1
267.3

98.0
272.8

98.4
276.8

0.4
4.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,460
1,652.7
834.4
818.3
1,085.9
4,721.5
2,132.2
2,589.3

7,598
1,716.1
884.4
831.7
1,099.2
4,783.0
2,209.0
2,574.0

7,641
1,732.7
897.4
835.3
1,096.2
4,812.4
2,215.0
2,597.4

7,643
1,723.3
894.2
829.1
1,098.7
4,820.8
2,221.1
2,599.7

7,223
1,613.9
819.7
794.2
1,021.5
4,587.5
2,086.1
2,501.4

7,413
1,688.0
873.4
814.6
1,046.5
4,678.1
2,160.6
2,517.5

7,419
1,691.0
880.6
810.4
1,042.3
4,685.2
2,161.1
2,524.1

7,416
1,688.3
880.7
807.6
1,034.0
4,693.3
2,178.4
2,514.9

-3
-2.7
0.1
-2.8
-8.3
8.1
17.3
-9.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,133

12,397

12,458

12,492

12,068

12,332

12,384

12,421

37

7,524
392.6
396.6
345.2
1,373.4
1,041.8
1,072.2
162.9
85.6

7,710
405.5
401.6
355.6
1,416.9
1,074.8
1,089.9
165.7
86.6

7,728
409.1
403.5
357.5
1,419.7
1,082.0
1,091.2
165.8
86.2

7,762
412.2
404.0
354.7
1,419.1
1,079.3
1,092.1
166.9
85.0

7,500
388.8
389.6
345.5
1,370.8
1,039.1
1,068.8
162.3
85.3

7,663
404.2
394.2
352.2
1,406.1
1,067.8
1,086.0
165.3
86.1

7,704
406.1
396.1
354.9
1,411.7
1,076.9
1,086.6
165.8
86.0

7,735
407.9
396.5
355.1
1,418.3
1,076.9
1,088.0
165.9
84.9

31
1.8
0.4
0.2
6.6
0.0
1.4
0.1
-1.1

370.2
419.5

374.7
428.4

374.7
429.8

375.2
430.0

368.5
419.3

372.3
428.0

372.0
428.3

373.1
429.6

1.1
1.3

34.0
372.1
1,586.4
889.3
350.2

34.5
382.0
1,592.5
888.7
361.0

34.7
384.9
1,587.3
886.2
362.4

35.0
381.5
1,626.7
925.8
361.4

33.4
370.6
1,585.4
890.6
349.9

34.3
381.5
1,584.9
888.7
361.3

34.5
383.0
1,598.9
899.2
361.2

34.5
379.9
1,624.4
923.3
361.0

0.0
-3.1
25.5
24.1
-0.2

593.1

630.0

630.8

630.8

591.0

624.8

629.0

627.2

-1.8

4,609
1,638.0
93.2
102.7
88.5
354.2
365.1
105.9
842.8
710.0

4,687
1,635.1
98.0
106.5
94.0
352.9
374.5
102.3
859.3
729.3

4,730
1,662.7
98.2
107.3
93.1
353.3
373.4
103.1
863.1
732.4

4,730
1,659.3
97.9
107.1
93.0
354.2
374.9
103.0
860.6
736.7

4,568
1,616.0
93.0
102.4
88.1
352.9
362.6
103.5
842.4
707.4

4,669
1,633.5
97.5
106.9
92.9
352.3
373.9
100.2
856.0
726.3

4,680
1,637.1
97.6
106.4
92.8
351.9
372.9
100.1
859.0
728.6

4,686
1,638.7
97.3
106.7
92.3
352.7
372.4
100.4
860.4
731.7

6
1.6
-0.3
0.3
-0.5
0.8
-0.5
0.3
1.4
3.1

308.4

335.0

343.2

343.0

300.0

329.4

333.2

333.1

-0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99,516

104,281

105,027

105,089

99,196

103,727

104,461

104,664

203

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,452

27,318

27,339

27,314

26,553

27,344

27,405

27,429

24

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,565.2
3,045.6
2,042.0

5,729.3
3,142.5
2,111.7

5,745.4
3,151.2
2,114.2

5,741.7
3,155.4
2,105.7

5,544.5
3,031.7
2,036.2

5,707.1
3,132.3
2,099.2

5,720.7
3,139.4
2,103.6

5,722.1
3,142.4
2,101.6

1.4
3.0
-2.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Change
from:
July2021 Aug.2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

477.6

475.1

480.0

480.6

476.6

475.6

477.7

478.1

0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,965.5
1,914.7
1,209.7
155.6
549.4
405.1
406.3

15,339.3
1,991.2
1,255.1
172.7
563.4
444.3
407.5

15,350.5
1,992.0
1,254.0
172.4
565.6
442.5
410.0

15,286.1
1,990.4
1,254.9
171.5
564.0
442.5
414.9

14,995.8
1,904.3
1,207.3
149.1
547.9
410.8
421.2

15,361.4
1,981.1
1,254.7
163.3
563.1
448.6
421.4

15,353.4
1,976.9
1,250.6
163.7
562.6
448.1
425.0

15,324.9
1,980.3
1,253.0
164.7
562.6
448.2
428.5

-28.5
3.4
2.4
1.0
0.0
0.1
3.5

1,391.6
3,131.2
935.3
938.5
926.8

1,463.5
3,119.4
1,000.4
959.0
1,021.2

1,407.2
3,121.2
1,000.2
968.0
1,047.3

1,371.1
3,091.4
997.6
968.1
1,044.9

1,378.2
3,114.4
943.0
924.9
930.9

1,399.7
3,102.4
1,003.5
947.1
1,048.4

1,369.6
3,099.7
1,003.7
956.0
1,051.0

1,356.6
3,076.5
1,003.9
952.6
1,047.0

-13.0
-23.2
0.2
-3.4
-4.0

446.2
3,125.1
951.4

479.8
3,011.6
962.0

485.7
3,014.0
965.6

488.3
3,011.8
968.4

457.4
3,168.1
981.1

492.0
3,079.5
1,003.0

495.9
3,077.5
1,004.1

500.2
3,072.5
1,001.8

4.3
-5.0
-2.3

2,173.7
761.1
583.6

2,049.6
830.9
610.5

2,048.4
842.5
619.9

2,043.4
840.8
624.3

2,187.0
754.4
588.2

2,076.5
818.4
619.3

2,073.4
825.4
624.6

2,070.7
830.7
627.9

-2.7
5.3
3.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,380.1
414.4
145.4
60.0
1,463.4

5,708.0
436.6
143.8
61.2
1,501.9

5,700.5
441.6
143.8
62.7
1,512.5

5,747.7
451.9
143.8
60.7
1,517.4

5,472.4
410.8
145.1
57.8
1,445.8

5,736.8
432.7
144.5
59.4
1,488.3

5,791.8
436.6
143.8
59.5
1,493.1

5,845.0
448.0
143.3
58.8
1,498.5

53.2
11.4
-0.5
-0.7
5.4

273.2
50.6
27.1
681.5
920.3
1,344.2

381.0
49.2
38.0
711.1
976.5
1,408.7

337.2
49.3
40.3
718.2
973.4
1,421.5

328.6
49.2
40.6
723.4
983.4
1,448.7

337.6
50.6
20.5
680.3
968.9
1,355.0

385.8
49.1
30.2
711.0
1,001.2
1,434.6

401.2
49.2
30.6
717.0
1,011.3
1,449.5

393.4
49.1
30.7
722.2
1,031.3
1,469.7

-7.8
-0.1
0.1
5.2
20.0
20.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541.4

540.9

542.4

538.5

539.9

538.6

538.6

537.3

-1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,622
753.3

2,730
775.9

2,763
777.8

2,771
779.9

2,617
749.9

2,726
772.1

2,747
771.7

2,764
776.2

17
4.5

238.2
241.6
683.0

299.9
236.0
673.0

320.4
236.2
677.5

315.6
237.8
674.9

233.2
242.9
685.3

294.4
238.4
676.6

312.6
238.5
677.1

309.0
239.4
677.3

-3.6
0.9
0.2

350.0
355.9

370.3
375.1

369.8
381.5

377.7
385.5

351.9
353.5

370.7
374.1

368.3
378.7

380.2
382.2

11.9
3.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,730
6,509.2
20.4

8,842
6,538.1
20.3

8,890
6,559.2
20.6

8,899
6,560.2
20.3

8,674
6,493.3
20.2

8,806
6,534.3
20.2

8,830
6,543.5
20.2

8,846
6,547.3
20.2

16
3.8
0.0

2,655.3
1,769.2
1,384.6
582.2
303.9

2,663.3
1,734.2
1,345.8
611.0
318.1

2,674.3
1,733.8
1,344.4
616.1
324.4

2,676.6
1,730.1
1,341.4
621.0
325.5

2,649.2
1,763.6
1,380.0
579.8
305.9

2,661.3
1,727.4
1,341.4
613.0
320.9

2,669.4
1,726.4
1,338.7
617.8
325.2

2,673.1
1,725.0
1,337.3
620.8
327.3

3.7
-1.4
-1.4
3.0
2.1

974.8
2,858.7
2,221.1
1,703.9
494.3

992.3
2,862.2
2,304.3
1,762.6
519.1

1,004.9
2,859.4
2,330.5
1,776.6
531.4

1,006.3
2,857.0
2,338.6
1,785.6
530.5

965.8
2,858.1
2,181.0
1,680.1
478.4

991.0
2,861.8
2,271.8
1,747.0
502.6

995.3
2,858.6
2,286.5
1,752.8
511.6

996.2
2,857.8
2,298.9
1,763.4
513.4

0.9
-0.8
12.4
10.6
1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Change
from:
July2021 Aug.2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

22.9

22.6

22.5

22.5

22.5

22.2

22.1

22.1

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,060
9,341.9
1,113.6
935.8
1,517.2
130.5

20,918
9,772.7
1,143.4
1,002.4
1,575.1
140.0

21,062
9,880.5
1,145.2
1,011.9
1,593.2
142.4

21,175
9,915.2
1,142.6
1,013.3
1,599.1
141.8

19,915
9,341.8
1,111.6
993.6
1,499.4
130.9

20,848
9,791.0
1,134.0
1,055.0
1,556.5
139.2

20,927
9,837.8
1,136.9
1,063.5
1,560.8
141.1

21,001
9,896.3
1,141.2
1,067.9
1,579.5
141.3

74
58.5
4.3
4.4
18.7
0.2

2,180.7

2,247.5

2,286.7

2,296.1

2,162.5

2,251.7

2,259.1

2,268.9

9.8

1,517.1

1,616.6

1,632.1

1,642.3

1,507.7

1,615.9

1,623.6

1,630.6

7.0

768.3
435.8
742.9
2,327.0
8,390.6
7,944.5
522.9
154.8
2,965.2
2,387.6
781.3

822.7
445.9
779.1
2,344.6
8,800.9
8,348.9
554.2
149.7
3,271.8
2,636.0
768.8

833.5
448.1
787.4
2,346.1
8,835.1
8,380.7
557.9
150.4
3,277.1
2,636.4
768.4

837.0
449.8
793.2
2,343.6
8,916.2
8,462.2
566.9
151.6
3,339.9
2,692.6
774.4

762.6
433.4
740.2
2,315.1
8,258.3
7,819.0
520.7
155.1
2,955.0
2,380.0
788.2

817.2
444.6
776.9
2,329.9
8,726.6
8,280.0
551.5
150.5
3,314.5
2,678.3
780.4

824.9
445.6
782.3
2,328.6
8,760.2
8,313.5
557.0
151.0
3,324.5
2,688.4
779.0

832.3
447.3
787.3
2,332.2
8,772.8
8,325.5
563.3
152.0
3,323.0
2,682.6
781.3

7.4
1.7
5.0
3.6
12.6
12.0
6.3
1.0
-1.5
-5.8
2.3

153.8
891.9
2,184.2
290.4

155.5
900.0
2,241.9
307.0

160.1
896.7
2,259.9
310.2

161.1
901.8
2,251.7
314.8

152.0
889.0
2,067.4
291.6

152.8
899.9
2,128.1
302.3

158.0
898.3
2,131.6
314.1

159.2
898.8
2,132.2
315.7

1.2
0.5
0.6
1.6

446.1

452.0

454.4

454.0

439.3

446.6

446.7

447.3

0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,782
3,171.1
19,611.1
15,774.2
7,513.7
2,616.3
957.5
911.9
969.0
277.6
1,478.9

23,347
3,333.1
20,014.3
15,970.9
7,810.2
2,695.2
1,016.7
976.4
1,004.8
294.2
1,505.8

23,313
3,289.9
20,023.5
16,004.5
7,838.2
2,706.5
1,019.8
989.7
1,006.6
294.6
1,502.8

23,341
3,309.8
20,031.0
15,997.6
7,836.9
2,706.8
1,024.1
993.1
1,008.2
297.3
1,490.8

23,084
3,460.9
19,623.1
15,758.3
7,509.7
2,618.2
954.1
909.3
970.1
277.4
1,478.6

23,537
3,535.8
20,001.2
15,954.5
7,802.0
2,696.8
1,012.5
974.1
1,005.0
294.0
1,503.1

23,625
3,579.9
20,044.7
15,983.6
7,831.0
2,706.2
1,016.1
987.4
1,006.4
295.4
1,502.5

23,660
3,620.1
20,040.1
15,978.7
7,829.8
2,708.6
1,018.1
989.9
1,008.7
297.0
1,490.9

35
40.2
-4.6
-4.9
-1.2
2.4
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.6
-11.6

302.5
5,112.8
3,147.7
1,464.6
611.9

317.1
5,139.6
3,021.1
1,372.8
602.8

318.2
5,150.1
3,016.2
1,375.0
598.3

316.6
5,151.8
3,008.9
1,369.2
597.2

301.9
5,113.9
3,134.7
1,459.2
609.7

316.5
5,138.1
3,014.4
1,371.1
600.3

317.0
5,149.5
3,003.1
1,371.1
594.3

316.6
5,152.7
2,996.2
1,364.0
595.0

-0.4
3.2
-6.9
-7.1
0.7

914.4
156.8
3,836.9
2,560.2
181.2
280.4
815.1

895.0
150.5
4,043.4
2,658.8
184.3
286.5
913.8

893.3
149.6
4,019.0
2,674.9
183.2
287.0
873.9

891.6
150.9
4,033.4
2,676.5
182.6
284.7
889.6

909.9
155.9
3,864.8
2,559.3
182.4
277.5
845.6

893.7
149.3
4,046.7
2,650.5
183.9
282.3
930.0

889.8
147.9
4,061.1
2,669.1
183.8
282.5
925.7

887.2
150.0
4,061.4
2,675.1
184.2
282.3
919.8

-2.6
2.1
0.3
6.0
0.4
-0.2
-5.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13,445
1,837.9
304.8

15,397
2,278.0
423.6

15,872
2,388.4
426.1

15,798
2,365.5
431.5

12,963
1,647.1
290.2

14,801
2,037.6
397.7

15,216
2,090.3
405.2

15,216
2,125.8
410.4

0
35.5
5.2

134.9

150.9

156.8

152.7

125.7

138.6

141.9

142.2

0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Change
from:
July2021 Aug.2021p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,398.2
11,606.8
1,461.1
10,145.7

1,703.5
13,118.6
1,763.1
11,355.5

1,805.5
13,483.1
1,866.4
11,616.7

1,781.3
13,432.8
1,867.8
11,565.0

1,231.2
11,315.7
1,367.9
9,947.8

1,501.3
12,762.9
1,669.2
11,093.7

1,543.2
13,125.5
1,742.2
11,383.3

1,573.2
13,090.6
1,748.8
11,341.8

30.0
-34.9
6.6
-41.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,425
1,289.8
1,283.2
2,852.2

5,729
1,357.2
1,402.4
2,969.7

5,788
1,371.6
1,419.7
2,997.0

5,791
1,377.5
1,430.0
2,983.1

5,390
1,287.2
1,279.0
2,824.1

5,665
1,351.3
1,387.3
2,926.7

5,711
1,360.6
1,405.9
2,944.8

5,748
1,369.3
1,425.1
2,953.4

37
8.7
19.2
8.6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

21,024
3,161
2,560.9
599.7
4,784
2,081.1
2,703.1
13,079
6,717.0
6,361.8

21,668
2,886
2,288.2
597.8
4,808
2,130.0
2,678.1
13,974
7,525.6
6,448.1

20,775
2,897
2,294.9
601.9
4,747
2,078.3
2,668.5
13,131
6,625.3
6,505.9

20,985
2,891
2,292.1
599.2
4,782
2,122.8
2,658.7
13,312
6,848.3
6,463.4

22,073
3,153
2,549.0
603.6
5,060
2,369.0
2,691.0
13,860
7,672.0
6,187.9

21,798
2,876
2,278.3
597.4
5,074
2,411.4
2,663.0
13,848
7,590.8
6,256.8

22,053
2,885
2,278.1
606.4
5,085
2,430.8
2,654.4
14,083
7,815.7
6,267.6

22,045
2,888
2,281.1
606.6
5,060
2,410.1
2,649.5
14,097
7,810.0
6,287.2

-8
3
3.0
0.2
-25
-20.7
-4.9
14
-5.7
19.6

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.7
39.8
44.3
38.9
40.1
40.3
39.8
33.6
34.2
38.5
30.8
38.5
43.3
36.7
37.6
36.4
33.4
25.8
32.2

34.7
39.9
45.4
38.6
40.3
40.4
40.2
33.7
34.5
39.1
30.9
39.0
42.7
37.2
37.6
36.6
33.3
26.5
32.2

34.7
40.0
45.2
38.8
40.5
40.7
40.2
33.7
34.5
39.4
30.8
38.7
42.7
37.2
37.6
36.7
33.3
26.4
32.1

34.7
39.9
44.6
38.8
40.3
40.4
40.2
33.7
34.5
39.3
30.8
38.7
42.9
37.2
37.6
36.6
33.3
26.3
32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.0
2.9
3.2

3.2
3.0
3.4

3.2
3.0
3.4

3.2
3.1
3.4

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$29.47
30.16
34.80
31.82
28.95
30.42
26.51
29.30
25.41
32.49
21.19
25.40
44.08
44.00
38.10
35.29
28.64
17.06
26.59

$30.44
30.95
35.06
32.86
29.62
31.15
27.08
30.32
26.35
33.50
21.97
26.65
44.65
44.25
40.17
36.62
29.67
18.42
27.29

$30.56
31.08
35.32
32.95
29.75
31.30
27.19
30.44
26.48
33.71
21.97
26.85
44.91
44.33
40.28
36.80
29.80
18.57
27.35

$30.73
31.18
35.53
33.07
29.85
31.40
27.28
30.62
26.61
33.79
22.12
26.97
45.08
44.46
40.53
37.03
29.92
18.82
27.48

$1,022.61
1,200.37
1,541.64
1,237.80
1,160.90
1,225.93
1,055.10
984.48
869.02
1,250.87
652.65
977.90
1,908.66
1,614.80
1,432.56
1,284.56
956.58
440.15
856.20

$1,056.27
1,234.91
1,591.72
1,268.40
1,193.69
1,258.46
1,088.62
1,021.78
909.08
1,309.85
678.87
1,039.35
1,906.56
1,646.10
1,510.39
1,340.29
988.01
488.13
878.74

$1,060.43
1,243.20
1,596.46
1,278.46
1,204.88
1,273.91
1,093.04
1,025.83
913.56
1,328.17
676.68
1,039.10
1,917.66
1,649.08
1,514.53
1,350.56
992.34
490.25
877.94

$1,066.33
1,244.08
1,584.64
1,283.12
1,202.96
1,268.56
1,096.66
1,031.89
918.05
1,327.95
681.30
1,043.74
1,933.93
1,653.91
1,523.93
1,355.30
996.34
494.97
879.36

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Percent
change
from:
July
2021 Aug.
2021p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

103.7
90.1
82.0
96.9
87.1
85.1
90.7
107.3
99.1
94.2
93.8
121.1
101.1
87.7
106.9
113.7
125.9
95.4
100.1

108.1
92.6
90.2
98.6
89.4
87.2
93.7
112.5
102.9
98.4
96.4
128.6
99.5
92.6
108.5
119.6
128.0
111.9
105.2

108.8
93.2
90.6
99.2
90.2
88.3
93.9
113.3
103.2
99.4
96.0
128.8
99.5
93.3
108.8
120.4
128.5
114.6
105.7

109.0
93.1
90.3
99.2
90.1
88.0
94.0
113.6
103.3
99.2
95.8
130.0
99.7
93.9
109.0
120.5
128.6
114.2
106.1

0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.0
-0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.9
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
-0.3
0.4

1

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Percent
change
from:
July
2021 Aug.
2021p

146.1
122.9
114.6
133.9
117.2
115.0
122.1
152.8
135.8
128.0
131.3
156.4
147.3
137.4
158.8
162.4
173.5
131.3
145.8

157.3
129.6
126.9
140.8
123.2
120.6
128.7
165.9
146.3
137.9
139.9
174.3
146.8
145.9
170.0
177.4
182.7
166.3
157.3

159.0
130.9
128.5
142.1
124.8
122.7
129.6
167.7
147.3
140.2
139.4
175.9
147.6
147.3
170.9
179.4
184.2
171.7
158.4

160.2
131.2
128.7
142.5
125.0
122.7
130.2
169.0
148.2
140.2
140.1
178.3
148.5
148.7
172.3
180.7
185.2
173.4
159.7

0.8
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.0
0.5
1.4
0.6
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.8

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

70,227
57,529
4,505
86
966
3,453
1,833
1,620
53,024
10,411
1,663.4
7,280.2
1,335.0
132.5
1,043
4,901
9,127
17,804
6,880
2,858
12,698

72,593
60,026
4,635
83
1,014
3,538
1,874
1,664
55,391
10,760
1,725.3
7,429.8
1,471.2
134.1
1,085
4,946
9,592
18,163
7,838
3,007
12,567

73,288
60,491
4,647
83
1,020
3,544
1,879
1,665
55,844
10,775
1,726.3
7,419.8
1,494.6
134.4
1,087
4,954
9,681
18,246
8,058
3,043
12,797

73,316
60,546
4,660
83
1,026
3,551
1,884
1,667
55,886
10,764
1,726.9
7,405.4
1,497.0
134.6
1,097
4,958
9,717
18,230
8,052
3,068
12,770

49.8
48.3
22.7
14.6
13.4
28.6
24.4
35.5
53.5
39.2
30.0
48.5
24.4
24.5
39.9
56.5
45.8
77.1
53.1
53.0
57.5

49.8
48.4
22.7
13.1
13.7
28.7
24.5
35.6
53.4
39.4
30.2
48.4
25.6
24.9
39.8
56.2
46.0
77.2
53.0
53.1
57.7

49.9
48.4
22.7
13.0
13.7
28.6
24.4
35.6
53.5
39.3
30.2
48.3
25.8
25.0
39.6
56.1
46.3
77.2
53.0
53.3
58.0

49.8
48.4
22.8
12.9
13.8
28.6
24.4
35.6
53.4
39.2
30.2
48.3
25.6
25.1
39.7
56.0
46.3
77.0
52.9
53.4
57.9

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

96,836
14,163
421
5,378
8,364
5,091
3,273
82,673
22,371
4,408.7
12,790.7
4,743.4
427.9
2,065
6,602
15,940
20,226
11,097
4,372

100,927
14,517
465
5,494
8,558
5,220
3,338
86,410
23,042
4,534.6
13,057.1
5,022.0
428.1
2,161
6,630
16,637
20,599
12,752
4,589

101,660
14,598
474
5,512
8,612
5,270
3,342
87,062
23,060
4,547.0
13,045.6
5,038.0
429.3
2,185
6,642
16,718
20,674
13,140
4,643

101,879
14,625
481
5,500
8,644
5,309
3,335
87,254
23,077
4,557.7
13,031.7
5,059.8
427.7
2,193
6,655
16,798
20,691
13,157
4,683

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.0
40.5
44.9
39.2
41.1
41.3
40.7
32.9
34.1
38.2
30.9
38.2
42.9
36.8
37.0
35.9
32.6
24.5
31.2

34.1
40.7
47.3
39.1
41.4
41.2
41.5
33.0
34.3
38.8
30.8
38.6
42.8
36.8
37.4
36.3
32.6
25.0
31.3

34.2
40.9
46.6
39.4
41.5
41.6
41.5
33.1
34.4
39.1
30.8
38.6
42.6
36.9
37.5
36.3
32.6
25.2
31.2

34.2
40.8
46.0
39.3
41.5
41.5
41.5
33.0
34.3
39.1
30.7
38.6
42.8
37.3
37.4
36.3
32.6
25.1
31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.8
3.8
3.8

4.0
3.9
4.1

4.1
4.1
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.1

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$24.81
25.51
30.35
29.39
22.87
23.84
21.33
24.66
21.57
26.92
17.75
23.15
39.09
36.16
29.43
29.51
25.47
14.72
22.57

$25.72
26.48
31.05
30.48
23.76
24.82
22.13
25.57
22.35
27.59
18.57
23.78
39.75
37.06
30.29
30.51
26.74
16.24
23.19

$25.85
26.59
31.37
30.58
23.88
24.92
22.23
25.69
22.54
27.87
18.63
24.10
39.89
36.83
30.38
30.66
26.92
16.48
23.20

$25.99
26.71
31.55
30.70
24.01
25.05
22.35
25.84
22.63
27.87
18.70
24.29
39.85
36.75
30.51
30.87
27.07
16.60
23.41

$843.54
1,033.16
1,362.72
1,152.09
939.96
984.59
868.13
811.31
735.54
1,028.34
548.48
884.33
1,676.96
1,330.69
1,088.91
1,059.41
830.32
360.64
704.18

$877.05
1,077.74
1,468.67
1,191.77
983.66
1,022.58
918.40
843.81
766.61
1,070.49
571.96
917.91
1,701.30
1,363.81
1,132.85
1,107.51
871.72
406.00
725.85

$884.07
1,087.53
1,461.84
1,204.85
991.02
1,036.67
922.55
850.34
775.38
1,089.72
573.80
930.26
1,699.31
1,359.03
1,139.25
1,112.96
877.59
415.30
723.84

$888.86
1,089.77
1,451.30
1,206.51
996.42
1,039.58
927.53
852.72
776.21
1,089.72
574.09
937.59
1,705.58
1,370.78
1,141.07
1,120.58
882.48
416.66
725.71

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Percent
change
from:
July
2021 Aug.
2021p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109.7
87.7
100.5
105.6
78.9
79.0
78.5
115.9
106.7
100.0
100.0
137.1
93.9
86.7
115.0
127.9
140.6
99.6
95.7

114.7
90.3
116.9
107.6
81.3
80.8
81.6
121.5
110.5
104.4
101.8
146.7
93.7
90.8
116.7
135.0
143.2
116.8
100.7

115.9
91.2
117.4
108.7
82.0
82.4
81.7
122.8
110.9
105.5
101.7
147.2
93.5
92.0
117.2
135.7
143.7
121.3
101.6

116.1
91.2
117.6
108.2
82.3
82.8
81.5
122.7
110.7
105.8
101.2
147.8
93.6
93.4
117.1
136.3
143.8
121.0
101.8

0.2
0.0
0.2
-0.5
0.4
0.5
-0.2
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
-0.5
0.4
0.1
1.5
-0.1
0.4
0.1
-0.2
0.2

1

Aug.
2020

June
2021

July
2021p

Aug.
2021p

Percent
change
from:
July
2021 Aug.
2021p

181.9
136.9
177.3
167.5
118.0
117.6
118.3
196.0
164.4
158.8
152.1
202.1
153.2
155.3
208.2
224.5
236.3
166.5
157.3

197.1
146.4
211.1
177.0
126.4
125.2
127.6
213.1
176.5
170.0
161.9
222.1
155.5
166.5
217.5
245.0
252.7
215.4
170.2

200.2
148.6
214.1
179.6
128.1
128.1
128.4
216.4
178.7
173.6
162.3
225.8
155.7
167.8
219.1
247.4
255.3
227.0
171.7

201.7
149.1
215.7
179.4
129.3
129.4
128.8
217.4
179.0
174.0
162.2
228.5
155.7
169.9
219.9
250.3
257.0
228.0
173.7

0.7
0.3
0.7
-0.1
0.9
1.0
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
-0.1
1.2
0.0
1.3
0.4
1.2
0.7
0.4
1.2

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.