i8275-r--2021-01-00

Instructions for
Form 8275-R

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

(Rev. January 2021)

(For use with Form 8275-R (Rev. August 2013))
Regulation Disclosure Statement
Section references are to the Internal
Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.

Future Developments

For the latest information about
developments related to Form 8275-R
and its instructions, such as
legislation enacted after they were
published, go to IRS.gov/Form8275R.

General Instructions
Purpose of Form

Form 8275-R is used by taxpayers
and tax return preparers to disclose
positions taken on a tax return that are
contrary to Treasury regulations. The
form is filed to avoid the portions of
the accuracy-related penalty due to
disregard of regulations or to a
substantial understatement of income
tax for non-tax shelter items if the
return position has a reasonable
basis. It can also be used for
disclosures relating to the economic
substance penalty and the preparer
penalties for tax understatements due
to positions taken contrary to
regulations.
The portion of the
accuracy-related penalty
CAUTION attributable to the following
types of misconduct cannot be
avoided by disclosure on Form
8275-R.

!

• Negligence.
• Disregard of rules.
• Any substantial understatement of

income tax on a tax shelter item.
• Any substantial or gross valuation
misstatement (including
misstatements attributable to
non-arm's length prices) under
chapter 1.
• Any substantial overstatement of
pension liabilities.
• Any substantial estate or gift tax
valuation understatements.
• Any claim of tax benefits from a
transaction lacking economic
Oct 06, 2020

substance (within the meaning of
section 7701(o)) or failing to meet the
requirements of any similar rule of
law.
• Any otherwise undisclosed foreign
financial asset understatement.
Because of the importance to the
self-assessment system of disclosing
positions contrary to regulations, the
requirements for making such
disclosures are stringent.
• The disclosure is adequate only if it
is made separately on a Form
8275-R.
• The penalty for reckless or
intentional disregard of a regulation
can be avoided by disclosure only if
the position represents a good-faith
challenge to the validity of the
regulation and has a reasonable
basis.
Instead of Form 8275-R, use Form
8275, Disclosure Statement, for the
disclosure of items or positions which
are not contrary to regulations but
which are not otherwise adequately
disclosed.

Who Should File

Form 8275-R is filed by individuals,
corporations, pass-through entities,
and tax return preparers.
For items attributable to a
pass-through entity, disclosure should
be made on the tax return of the
entity. If the entity does not make the
disclosure, the partner (or
shareholder, etc.) can make adequate
disclosure of these items.

How To File

When a return position is contrary to
regulations, you must file Form
8275-R. File all Forms 8275-R with
your original tax return. Keep a copy
for your records. You may also be
able to file Forms 8275-R with an
amended return. See Regulations
sections 1.6662-4(f)(1) and
1.6664-2(c)(3) for more information.
Cat. No. 14317I

To make adequate disclosure for
items reported by a pass-through
entity, you must complete and file a
separate Form 8275-R for items
reported by each entity.
To make adequate disclosure for a
position or positions related to more
than one foreign entity, you must
complete and file a separate Form
8275-R for each foreign entity.
Carryovers, carrybacks, and recurring items. Carryover items must be
disclosed in the tax year in which they
originated. You do not have to file
another Form 8275-R for those items
for the tax years in which the
carryover is taken into account.
Carryback items must be disclosed
for the tax year in which they
originated. You do not have to file
another Form 8275-R for those items
for the tax years in which the
carryback is taken into account.
However, if you disclose items that
are of a recurring nature (such as
depreciation expense), you must file
Form 8275-R for each tax year in
which the item occurs.
If you are disclosing a position that
is contrary to a regulation, and the
position relates to a reportable
transaction as defined in Regulations
section 1.6011-4(b), you must also
make the disclosure as indicated in
Regulations section 1.6011-4(d). See
Form 8886, Reportable Transaction
Disclosure Statement, and its
instructions; Notice 2006-6, 2006-5
I.R.B. 385, available at IRS.gov/irb/
2006-05_IRB/ar10.html; and Notice
2010-62, 2010-40 I.R.B. 411,
available at IRS.gov/irb/2010-40_IRB/
ar09.html.

Accuracy-Related Penalty

Generally, the accuracy-related
penalty is 20% of any portion of a tax
underpayment attributable to:
1. Negligence or disregard of rules
or regulations;

2. Any substantial understatement
of income tax;
3. Any substantial valuation
misstatement under chapter 1 of the
Internal Revenue Code;
4. Any substantial overstatement
of pension liabilities;
5. Any substantial estate or gift tax
valuation understatement; or
6. Any claim of tax benefits from a
transaction lacking economic
substance, as defined by section
7701(o), or failing to meet the
requirements of any similar rule of
law.
The penalty is 40% of any portion
of a tax underpayment attributable to
one or more gross valuation
misstatements in (3), (4), or (5) above
if the applicable dollar limitation under
section 6662(h)(2) is met. The penalty
also increases to 40% for failing to
adequately disclose a transaction that
lacks economic substance in (6)
above. See Economic substance,
below. The penalty is 40% of any
portion of an underpayment that is
attributable to any undisclosed foreign
financial asset understatement.
Economic substance. To satisfy the
disclosure requirements under section
6662(i), you may adequately disclose
with a timely filed original return
(determined with regard to
extensions) or a qualified amended
return (as defined under Regulations
section 1.6664-2(c)(3)) the relevant
facts affecting the tax treatment of the
transaction.
Note. If you filed a Schedule UTP
(Form 1120), you may not need to file
Form 8275-R to satisfy the disclosure
requirements of section 6662(i). See
the Instructions for Schedule UTP
(Form 1120).
Reasonable cause exception.
Generally, no accuracy-related
penalty will be imposed on any portion
of an underpayment if you show that
there was reasonable cause for that
portion and that you acted in good
faith with respect to that portion.
The reasonable cause and
good faith exception does not
CAUTION apply to any portion of an
underpayment attributable to a
transaction that lacks economic
substance under section 7701(o).

!

If you failed to keep proper books
and records or failed to substantiate
items properly, you cannot avoid the
penalty by disclosure.
Adequate disclosure. Generally,
you can avoid the disregard of
regulations and substantial
understatement portions of the
accuracy-related penalty if the
position is adequately disclosed and
the position has at least a reasonable
basis. To avoid the disregard of
regulations portion of the
accuracy-related penalty, the position
taken must also represent a
good-faith challenge to the validity of
the regulation. See Regulations
section 1.6662-3(c)(1).
Reasonable basis. Reasonable
basis is a relatively high standard of
tax reporting that is significantly higher
than not frivolous or not patently
improper. The reasonable basis
standard is not satisfied by a return
position that is merely arguable.
If the return position is reasonably
based on one of the authorities set
forth in Regulations section
1.6662-4(d)(3)(iii) (taking into account
the relevance and persuasiveness of
the authorities, and subsequent
developments), the return position will
generally satisfy the reasonable basis
standard even though it may not
satisfy the substantial authority
standard as defined in Regulations
section 1.6662-4(d)(2). For details,
see Regulations sections 1.6662-4(d);
1.662-3(b)(3).
If you failed to keep proper books
and records or failed to substantiate
items properly, you cannot avoid the
penalty by disclosure.

Substantial Understatement

An understatement is the excess of:
1. The amount of tax required to
be shown on the return for the tax
year, over
2. The amount of tax shown on the
return for the tax year, reduced by any
rebates.
There is a substantial
understatement of income tax if the
amount of the understatement for any
year exceeds the greater of:
1. 10% of the tax required to be
shown on the return for the tax year,
or
2. $5,000.
-2-

An understatement of a corporation
(other than an S corporation or a
personal holding company, as defined
in section 542) is substantial if it
exceeds in any year the lesser of:
1. 10% of the tax required to be
shown on the return for the tax year
(or, if greater, $10,000), or
2. $10,000,000.
Reduction of understatement. The
amount of the understatement will be
reduced by the part that is attributable
to the following items.
• An item (other than a tax shelter
item) for which there was substantial
authority for the treatment claimed at
the time the return was filed or on the
last day of the tax year to which the
return relates.
• An item (other than a tax shelter
item) that is adequately disclosed on
this form if there is a reasonable basis
for the tax treatment of the item. (In no
event will a corporation be treated as
having a reasonable basis for its tax
treatment of an item attributable to a
multi-party financing transaction
entered into after August 5, 1997, if
the treatment does not clearly reflect
the income of the corporation.
For corporate tax shelter
transactions (and for tax shelter items
of other taxpayers for tax years
ending after October 22, 2004), the
only exception to the substantial
understatement portion of the
accuracy-related penalty is the
reasonable cause exception. For
more details, see Reasonable cause
exception, earlier; section 6662(d);
and Regulations section 1.6664-4.
Tax shelter items. A tax shelter,
for purposes of the substantial
understatement portion of the
accuracy-related penalty, is a
partnership or other entity, plan, or
arrangement, with a significant
purpose to avoid or evade federal
income tax. For transactions on or
before August 5, 1997, a tax shelter is
a partnership or other entity, plan, or
arrangement, whose principal
purpose is to avoid or evade federal
income tax.
A tax shelter item is any item of
income, gain, loss, deduction, or
credit that is directly or indirectly
attributable to the principal or
significant purpose of the tax shelter
to avoid or evade federal income tax.

Tax Return Preparer Penalties

A preparer who files a return or claim
for refund is subject to a penalty in an
amount equal to the greater of $1,000
or 50% of the income derived (or to be
derived) by the tax return preparer,
with respect to the return or claim, for
taking a position which the preparer
knew or reasonably should have
known would understate any part of
the liability if:
• There is or was no substantial
authority for the position;
• The position is a tax shelter (as
defined in section 6662(d)(2)(C)(ii)) or
a reportable transaction to which
section 6662A applies and it was not
reasonable to believe that the position
would more likely than not be
sustained on its merits; or
• The position disclosed as provided
in section 6662(d)(2)(B)(ii) is not a tax
shelter or a reportable transaction to
which section 6662A applies, and
there was no reasonable basis for the
position.
The penalty will not apply if it can
be shown that there was reasonable
cause for the understatement and that
the preparer acted in good faith.
In cases where any part of the
understatement of the liability is due
to a willful attempt by the return
preparer to understate the liability, or
if the understatement is due to
reckless or intentional disregard of
rules or regulations by the preparer,
the preparer is subject to a penalty
equal to the greater of $5,000 or 75%
of the income derived (or to be
derived) by the tax return preparer
with respect to the return or claim.
This penalty shall be reduced by the
amount of the penalty paid by such
person for taking an unreasonable
position, or a position with no
reasonable basis, as described
immediately above.
A preparer is not considered to
have recklessly or intentionally
disregarded a rule if a position is
adequately disclosed and has a
reasonable basis.
Note. For more information about the
accuracy-related penalty and preparer
penalties, and the means of avoiding
these penalties, see the regulations
under sections 6662, 6664, and 6694.

Specific Instructions
Be sure to supply all of the information
requested in Parts I and II and, if
applicable, Part III. Your disclosure
will be considered adequate if you file
Form 8275-R and supply the
information requested in detail.
Use Part IV on page 2 if you need
more space for Part I or II. Indicate the
corresponding part and line number
from page 1. You can use a
continuation sheet(s) if you need
additional space. Be sure to put your
name and identifying number on each
sheet.
Reference ID number. If you are
filing Form 8275-R to disclose a
position related to a foreign entity for
which an information return (such as
Form 5471) is filed, enter on Form
8275-R the same reference ID
number for the foreign entity that is
entered on the information return.
If you are filing Form 8275-R to
report a position or positions related to
multiple foreign entities, file a
separate Form 8275-R for each
foreign entity.

Part I
Column (a). Enter the full citation for
each regulation for which you have
taken a contrary position. The citation
should specify the section number,
including all designations of smaller
units (lettered or numbered
subsections, paragraphs,
subparagraphs, and clauses) to which
the contrary position relates. For
example, enter “1.482-7(d)(1)(iii)”
instead of “482 regs” or “1.482-7”.
Column (b). Identify the item by
name.
If any item you disclose is from a
pass-through entity, you must identify
the item as such. If you disclose items
from more than one pass-through
entity, you must complete a separate
Form 8275-R for each entity. Also,
see How To File, earlier.
Column (c). Enter a complete
description of the item(s) you are
disclosing.
Example. If an entertainment
expense was reported in column (b),
then list in column (c) “theater tickets,
catering expenses, and banquet hall
rentals.”
-3-

If you claim the same tax treatment
for a group of similar items in the
same tax year, enter a description
identifying the group of items you are
disclosing rather than a separate
description of each item within the
group.
Columns (d) through (f). Enter the
location of the item(s) by identifying
the form number or schedule and the
line number in columns (d) and (e)
and the amount of the item(s) in
column (f).

Part II

Your disclosure must include the
following.
1. A description of the relevant
facts affecting the tax treatment of the
item. To satisfy this requirement, you
must include information that can
reasonably be expected to apprise the
IRS of the identity of the item, its
amount, and the nature of the
controversy or potential controversy.
Information concerning the nature of
the controversy can include a
description of the legal issues
presented by the facts.
2. A statement explaining why you
believe this regulation to be invalid.
Unless provided otherwise in
the General Instructions,
CAUTION earlier, your disclosure will not
be considered adequate unless (1)
and (2) above are provided using
Form 8275-R. For example, your
disclosure will not be considered
adequate if you attach a copy of an
acquisition agreement to your tax
return to disclose the issues involved
in determining the basis of certain
acquired assets. If Form 8275-R is not
completed and attached to the return,
the disclosure will not be considered
valid even if the information in (1) and
(2) above is provided using another
method, such as a different form or an
attached letter.

!

Part III
Line 4. Contact your pass-through
entity if you do not know where its
return was filed. However, for partners
and S corporation shareholders,
information for line 4 can be found on
the Schedule K-1 that you received
from the partnership or S corporation.

If the pass-through entity filed its
return electronically using e-file, enter
“e-file” on line 4.
Paperwork Reduction Act Notice.
We ask for the information on this
form to carry out the Internal Revenue
laws of the United States. You are
required to give us the information if
you wish to use this form to make
adequate disclosure to avoid the
portion of the accuracy-related
penalty due to a substantial
understatement of income tax or
disregard of regulations, or to avoid
certain preparer penalties. We need it
to ensure that you are complying with
these laws and to allow us to figure
and collect the right amount of tax.
You are not required to provide the
information requested on a form that

is subject to the Paperwork Reduction
Act unless the form displays a valid
OMB control number. Books or
records relating to a form or its
instructions must be retained as long
as their contents may become
material in the administration of any
Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax
returns and return information are
confidential, as required by section
6103.

estimated burden for all other
taxpayers who file this form is shown
below.

The time needed to complete and
file this form will vary depending on
individual circumstances. The
estimated burden for individual
taxpayers filing this form is approved
under OMB control number
1545-0074 and is included in the
estimates shown in the instructions for
their individual income tax return. The

If you have comments concerning
the accuracy of these time estimates
or suggestions for making this form
simpler, we would be happy to hear
from you. See the instructions for the
tax return with which this form is filed.

-4-

Recordkeeping . . . . . .
Learning about the
law or the form . . . .
Preparing and sending
the form to the IRS .

3 hr., 35 min.
53 min.
59 min.