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Crop Production - Publication

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Crop Production
ISSN: 1936-3737

Released June 12, 2018, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Up 1 Percent from May Forecast
Orange Production Unchanged
Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.20 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast but down 6 percent
from 2017. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 48.4 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from last month but
down 1.8 bushels from last year’s average yield of 50.2 bushels per acre.
Hard Red Winter production, at 650 million bushels, is up 1 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 316 million
bushels, is up slightly from the May forecast. White Winter, at 232 million bushels, is up 2 percent from last month. Of
the White Winter production, 21.8 million bushels are Hard White and 210 million bushels are Soft White.
The United States all orange forecast for the 2017-2018 season is 3.89 million tons, unchanged from last month but
down 23 percent from the 2016-2017 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 45.0 million boxes
(2.02 million tons), is unchanged from last month but down 35 percent from last season’s final utilization. Early,
midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 19.0 million boxes (853,000 tons), unchanged from last month
but down 43 percent from last season’s final utilization. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 26.0 million boxes
(1.17 million tons), is unchanged from last month but down 27 percent from last season’s final utilization. California and
Texas orange production forecasts were carried forward from the previous month.

This report was approved on June 12, 2018.

Secretary of Agriculture
Designate
Robert Johansson

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Joseph L. Parsons

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents
Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted
June 1, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted
June 1, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018 ................................................................... 6
Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2016-2017 and Forecasted
June 1, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Prune Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018 .................................................................. 7
Tart Cherry Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018 ........................................................ 8
Sweet Cherry Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018 ..................................................... 8
Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2016-2018 ................................................................ 9
Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2016-2018 ................................................................................... 9
Maple Syrup Season – States and United States: 2016-2018................................................................................................ 10
Maple Syrup Average Open and Close Season Dates – States and United States: 2016-2018 ............................................ 10
Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2016 and 2017 ........................................................... 11
Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2016 and 2017................................................................................................................. 11
Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2016 and 2017.......................................................................................... 12
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2017 and 2018 ................... 14
Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2017 and 2018 ....................... 16
Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2017 and 2018 .................................................................. 18
Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2017 and 2018 ....................................................................... 19
Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2014-2018 ............................... 20
Percent of Normal Precipitation Map ................................................................................................................................... 21
Departure from Normal Temperature Map ........................................................................................................................... 21
May Weather Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
May Agricultural Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted
June 1, 2018
Area harvested
State

Yield per acre

2017

2018

2017
(bushels)

Production

2018
May 1

June 1

(bushels)

2017

2018

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 acres)

Arkansas ........................
California ........................
Colorado .........................
Idaho ..............................
Illinois .............................
Indiana ...........................
Kansas ...........................
Kentucky .........................
Maryland .........................
Michigan .........................

125
155
2,020
670
470
240
6,950
310
185
425

110
115
2,200
740
510
240
7,300
300
205
490

52.0
64.0
43.0
80.0
76.0
74.0
48.0
77.0
71.0
79.0

60.0
82.0
38.0
80.0
73.0
81.0
37.0
81.0
73.0
93.0

60.0
83.0
40.0
83.0
75.0
78.0
37.0
80.0
68.0
90.0

6,500
9,920
86,860
53,600
35,720
17,760
333,600
23,870
13,135
33,575

6,600
9,545
88,000
61,420
38,250
18,720
270,100
24,000
13,940
44,100

Mississippi ......................
Missouri ..........................
Montana .........................
Nebraska ........................
North Carolina ................
North Dakota ..................
Ohio ................................
Oklahoma .......................
Oregon ...........................
South Dakota ..................

25
540
1,590
1,020
375
35
435
2,900
690
520

35
530
1,550
990
400
70
470
2,000
715
730

58.0
68.0
42.0
46.0
55.0
37.0
74.0
34.0
63.0
40.0

62.0
64.0
49.0
43.0
53.0
44.0
77.0
26.0
55.0
56.0

62.0
65.0
48.0
45.0
55.0
44.0
79.0
26.0
54.0
54.0

1,450
36,720
66,780
46,920
20,625
1,295
32,190
98,600
43,470
20,800

2,170
34,450
74,400
44,550
22,000
3,080
37,130
52,000
38,610
39,420

Tennessee ......................
Texas .............................
Virginia ...........................
Washington ....................
Wisconsin .......................

275
2,350
145
1,650
170

300
1,600
175
1,650
210

70.0
29.0
66.0
73.0
68.0

72.0
27.0
67.0
72.0
73.0

75.0
27.0
63.0
73.0
70.0

19,250
68,150
9,570
120,450
11,560

22,500
43,200
11,025
120,450
14,700

Other States 1 .................

1,021

1,134

55.9

55.7

55.9

57,067

63,356

United States ..................

25,291

24,769

50.2

48.1

48.4

1,269,437

1,197,716

Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2018
Summary.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted
June 1, 2018
Area harvested
State

Yield per acre

2017

2018

(1,000 acres)

2017
(bushels)
101.0
92.0
16.0
24.0

May 1

June 1

(bushels)

102.0
110.0

102.0
105.0

2017

2018

(1,000 bushels)

8,989
2,484
12,560
28,920

8,568
3,465

Arizona ........................
California .....................
Montana .......................
North Dakota ................

89
27
785
1,205

Other States 1 ..............

65.2

1,956

United States ...............

2,136

25.7

54,909

84
33

Production
2018

Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2018 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and
administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or
administrative data available]
Crop

2017

2018

(1,000 bushels)

Winter
Hard red .......................................
Soft red ........................................
Hard white ....................................
Soft white .....................................

750,332
292,156
23,726
203,223

Spring
Hard red .......................................
Hard white ....................................
Soft white .....................................
Durum ..........................................

385,005
8,727
22,504
54,909

Total ............................................

1,740,582

650,373
315,500
21,829
210,014

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2016-2017 and
Forecasted June 1, 2018
[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]
Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1

Utilized production ton equivalent

2016-2017

2017-2018

2016-2017

2017-2018

(1,000 boxes)

(1,000 tons)

Oranges
California, all 2 ........................................
Early, mid, and Navel 3 .........................
Valencia ................................................

48,300
39,300
9,000

44,500
35,000
9,500

1,932
1,572
360

1,780
1,400
380

Florida, all ...............................................
Early, mid, and Navel 3 .........................
Valencia ................................................

68,850
33,000
35,850

44,950
18,950
26,000

3,098
1,485
1,613

2,023
853
1,170

Texas, all 2 ..............................................
Early, mid, and Navel 3 .........................
Valencia ................................................

1,370
1,090
280

2,110
1,550
560

58
46
12

90
66
24

United States, all ....................................
Early, mid, and Navel 3 .........................
Valencia ................................................

118,520
73,390
45,130

91,560
55,500
36,060

5,088
3,103
1,985

3,893
2,319
1,574

Grapefruit
California 2 ..............................................
Florida, all ...............................................
Red .......................................................
White ....................................................
Texas 2 ...................................................

4,400
7,760
6,280
1,480
4,800

4,000
3,880
3,180
700
5,700

176
330
267
63
192

160
165
135
30
228

United States ..........................................

16,960

13,580

698

553

Tangerines and mandarins 4
California 2 ..............................................
Florida ....................................................

23,900
1,620

21,000
750

956
77

840
36

United States ..........................................

25,520

21,750

1,033

876

Lemons
Arizona ...................................................
California ................................................

1,650
20,500

1,300
20,500

66
820

52
820

United States ..........................................

22,150

21,800

886

872

Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in
California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80.
Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.
3
Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas.
4
Includes tangelos and tangors.
2

Prune Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018
[Production is for dried basis]
Crop

2017

2018

(tons)

California ...............................................

105,000

80,000

United States .........................................

105,000

80,000

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tart Cherry Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018
State

Total production
2017

2018

(million pounds)

Michigan ....................................................
New York ...................................................
Utah ...........................................................
Washington ................................................
Wisconsin ..................................................

164.5
9.0
29.0
25.3
10.4

264.0
11.9
42.8
23.8
10.2

United States .............................................

238.2

352.7

Sweet Cherry Production – States and United States: 2017 and Forecasted June 1, 2018
State

Total production
2017

2018

(tons)

California ...................................................
Michigan ....................................................
Oregon .......................................................
Washington ................................................

99,000
18,760
60,000
255,000

36,000
23,900
45,000
215,000

United States .............................................

432,760

319,900

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2016-2018
State

Number of taps
2016

2017

Yield per tap
2018

2016

2017

Production
2018

2016

2017

2018

Connecticut .........................
Indiana ................................
Maine ..................................
Massachusetts .....................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
New Hampshire ...................
New York .............................
Ohio .....................................
Pennsylvania .......................

85
60
1,860
315
400
76
545
2,515
370
660

86
62
1,890
320
440
77
550
2,650
400
660

73
70
1,870
320
455
65
560
2,730
400
670

0.224
0.200
0.363
0.244
0.225
0.184
0.310
0.281
0.189
0.217

0.233
0.194
0.375
0.263
0.250
0.182
0.280
0.287
0.200
0.211

0.247
0.257
0.288
0.225
0.275
0.200
0.291
0.295
0.225
0.212

(1,000
gallons)
19
12
675
77
90
14
169
707
70
143

Vermont ...............................
West Virginia .......................
Wisconsin ............................

4,850
51
765

5,410
61
735

5,670
66
750

0.410
0.118
0.307

0.366
0.148
0.272

0.342
0.121
0.300

1,990
6
235

1,980
9
200

1,940
8
225

United States .......................

12,552

13,341

13,699

0.335

0.320

0.304

4,207

4,271

4,159

(1,000 taps) (1,000 taps) (1,000 taps)

(gallons)

(1,000
gallons)
20
12
709
84
110
14
154
760
80
139

(1,000
gallons)
18
18
539
72
125
13
163
806
90
142

Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2016-2018
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
State

Average price per gallon
2016

2017

(dollars)

Value of production
2018 1

2016

2017

2018 1

(dollars)

(1,000 dollars)

69.50
50.00
30.00
55.80
44.80
65.70
55.20
44.30
39.80
31.40

62.20
50.20
33.70
50.20
51.20
66.60
43.50
39.00
38.50
34.30

1,321
600
20,250
4,297
4,032
920
9,329
31,320
2,786
4,490

1,244
602
23,893
4,217
5,632
932
6,699
29,640
3,080
4,768

Vermont ...............................
West Virginia .......................
Wisconsin ............................

30.00
48.40
33.50

27.00
36.70
31.40

59,700
290
7,873

53,460
330
6,280

United States .......................

35.00

33.00

147,208

140,777

Price and value for 2018 will be published in Crop Production released June 2019.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Season – States and United States: 2016-2018
Date season
opened 1

State

Date season
closed 2

Average season
length 3

2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

(date)

(days)

2018

(days)

Connecticut ..........................
Indiana .................................
Maine ...................................
Massachusetts .....................
Michigan ..............................
Minnesota ............................
New Hampshire ...................
New York .............................
Ohio .....................................
Pennsylvania .......................

Jan 15
Jan 19
Jan 9
Jan 13
Feb 1
Feb 15
Jan 27
Jan 7
Jan 25
Jan 1

Jan 20
Jan 1
Jan 16
Jan 10
Jan 26
Feb 12
Jan 7
Jan 1
Jan 1
Jan 2

Jan 22
Jan 10
Feb 1
Feb 2
Jan 23
Mar 1
Jan 28
Jan 12
Jan 18
Jan 7

Apr 25
Mar 28
May 13
Apr 20
May 29
Apr 24
Apr 30
May 13
Apr 5
Apr 9

Apr 25
Apr 2
May 26
Apr 13
Apr 20
Apr 28
Apr 22
May 4
Apr 6
Apr 17

Apr 30
Apr 14
May 3
Apr 21
May 1
May 1
May 2
May 2
Apr 26
Apr 28

34
24
43
32
30
31
38
36
27
31

42
31
41
42
32
30
42
43
33
39

43
37
42
42
41
32
43
52
41
45

Vermont ...............................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin ............................

Jan 1
Jan 1
Feb 7

Jan 1
Jan 5
Feb 6

Jan 12
Jan 19
Feb 18

May 1
Apr 2
Apr 22

May 14
Apr 10
Apr 30

May 3
Apr 10
May 2

44
32
29

46
32
29

52
37
36

United States .......................

(X)

(X) Not applicable.
1
Approximately the first day that sap was collected.
2
Approximately the last day that sap was collected.
3
The average number of days that sap was collected.

Maple Syrup Average Open and Close Season Dates – States and United States: 2016-2018
State

Season Opened 1

Season Closed 2

2016

2017

2018

2016

2017

2018

(date)

Connecticut .................................
Indiana ........................................
Maine ..........................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan .....................................
Minnesota ...................................
New Hampshire ..........................
New York ....................................
Ohio ............................................
Pennsylvania ..............................

Feb 10
Feb 18
Feb 26
Feb 21
Feb 28
Mar 6
Feb 22
Feb 22
Feb 16
Feb 15

Feb 12
Feb 9
Mar 2
Feb 19
Feb 24
Mar 4
Feb 24
Feb 18
Feb 11
Feb 11

Feb 12
Feb 10
Feb 26
Feb 18
Feb 28
Mar 21
Feb 24
Feb 18
Feb 14
Feb 17

Mar 15
Mar 12
Apr 9
Mar 24
Mar 27
Apr 6
Mar 30
Mar 29
Mar 13
Mar 17

Mar 26
Mar 12
Apr 12
Apr 2
Mar 28
Apr 3
Apr 7
Apr 2
Mar 16
Mar 22

Mar 26
Mar 19
Apr 9
Apr 1
Apr 10
Apr 22
Apr 8
Apr 11
Mar 27
Apr 3

Vermont ......................................
West Virginia ...............................
Wisconsin ...................................

Feb 24
Feb 9
Mar 6

Feb 23
Feb 3
Mar 4

Feb 23
Feb 4
Mar 16

Apr 8
Mar 12
Apr 4

Apr 10
Mar 7
Apr 2

Apr 16
Mar 14
Apr 21

United States ..............................

(X)

(X) Not applicable.
1
Approximate average opened date based on reported data.
2
Approximate average closed date based on reported data.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2016 and 2017
Type and State

Gallon

1/2 Gallon

Quart

Pint

1/2 Pint

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

(dollars)

Retail
Connecticut ..........................
Indiana .................................
Maine ...................................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
New Hampshire ....................
New York ..............................
Ohio ......................................

60.30
40.00
52.20
53.60
44.70
53.60
53.70
47.40
41.10

51.60
40.70
54.10
48.90
47.00
58.60
53.30
46.90
40.60

33.70
22.40
30.00
31.50
25.70
29.60
30.50
26.40
24.60

32.40
23.20
31.10
31.00
26.70
30.50
30.30
27.50
24.00

20.00
16.60
17.80
19.70
15.50
16.40
19.00
16.30
14.70

20.10
14.10
17.40
19.30
15.20
16.30
18.40
17.20
13.80

11.80
9.70
10.90
11.00
10.90
8.30
10.70
10.50
9.20

11.90
9.10
10.40
11.40
9.30
9.00
10.60
10.70
9.00

6.80
6.00
5.90
6.05
6.80
6.20
6.30
6.20
5.60

7.30
5.70
6.10
7.20
6.90
7.40
6.00
7.80
6.10

Pennsylvania ........................
Vermont ................................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................

43.50
47.40
43.70
41.00

41.40
44.80
44.40
44.80

24.50
27.00
22.20
24.90

24.70
26.60
27.40
23.90

14.40
16.60
15.80
13.30

14.20
16.10
16.40
13.60

8.40
10.40
9.20
8.10

8.20
9.90
8.80
7.80

5.30
6.70
5.20
5.60

5.10
5.90
5.60
5.80

Wholesale
Connecticut ..........................
Indiana .................................
Maine ...................................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
New Hampshire ....................
New York ..............................
Ohio ......................................

56.60
42.30
48.50
44.20
43.60
41.80
45.10
46.80
42.90

(D)
42.70
48.40
44.20
43.00
46.90
44.90
46.00
39.50

(D)
21.70
23.00
25.40
21.10
(D)
25.80
23.00
22.20

(D)
(D)
24.10
24.90
23.40
(D)
21.80
25.00
22.50

17.20
11.40
13.30
14.90
12.40
16.70
14.60
13.00
13.30

15.10
11.00
13.20
15.10
12.90
(D)
12.80
14.10
14.30

11.00
6.30
7.60
8.00
7.20
8.40
9.20
7.40
7.50

8.50
(D)
7.90
8.40
7.80
(D)
7.70
9.20
7.70

6.50
(D)
4.70
5.10
5.10
6.00
5.20
4.60
4.10

5.00
(S)
5.20
5.45
5.10
(D)
4.80
6.60
6.10

Pennsylvania ........................
Vermont ................................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................

40.40
40.00
(D)
39.40

29.70
40.10
50.00
39.40

20.90
24.20
(D)
22.90

21.90
22.20
26.20
23.00

12.10
13.30
(D)
12.80

13.70
12.90
16.70
11.10

7.00
7.50
8.70
7.00

7.60
7.40
8.50
6.50

(D)
4.80
(D)
4.40

4.70
4.40
5.40
4.10

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2016 and 2017
State

Bulk all grades

2016

2017

2016

2017

(dollars per pound)

(dollars per gallon)

Connecticut ...........................
Indiana ..................................
Maine ....................................
Massachusetts .......................
Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
New Hampshire .....................
New York ...............................
Ohio .......................................
Pennsylvania .........................

(D)
(D)
2.46
2.70
2.40
3.30
2.40
2.20
2.50
2.23

(D)
3.00
2.97
2.40
2.55
2.50
2.05
2.10
2.20
2.19

(D)
(D)
27.00
30.10
26.40
36.30
26.50
23.90
28.00
24.60

(D)
32.90
32.70
26.60
28.20
27.50
22.70
22.90
24.40
24.10

Vermont .................................
West Virginia .........................
Wisconsin ..............................

2.30
2.80
2.30

2.20
2.70
2.10

25.40
30.30
25.20

24.20
29.70
23.30

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2016 and 2017
State

Retail

Wholesale

Bulk

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

(percent)

Connecticut .............................
Indiana ....................................
Maine ......................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
New Hampshire ......................
New York ................................
Ohio ........................................
Pennsylvania ..........................

51
(D)
4
42
42
75
59
30
38
26

(D)
56
2
37
38
83
37
23
42
33

(D)
(D)
3
27
15
(D)
15
24
19
5

41
40
1
29
35
5
17
20
16
14

(D)
(D)
93
31
43
(D)
26
46
43
69

(D)
4
97
34
27
12
46
57
42
53

Vermont ..................................
West Virginia ...........................
Wisconsin ...............................

9
48
22

6
12
16

5
6
11

2
6
13

86
46
67

92
82
71

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This page intentionally left blank.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2017 and 2018
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2017

2018

2017

2018

(1,000 acres)

Grains and hay
Barley .....................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ........................................................................
Corn for silage ........................................................................
Hay, all ....................................................................................
Alfalfa ..................................................................................
All other ...............................................................................
Oats ........................................................................................
Proso millet .............................................................................
Rice ........................................................................................
Rye .........................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 .................................................................
Sorghum for silage ..................................................................
Wheat, all ................................................................................
Winter .................................................................................
Durum .................................................................................
Other spring ........................................................................

2,481
90,167
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
2,588
478
2,463
1,961
5,626
(NA)
46,012
32,696
2,307
11,009

2,286
88,026

Oilseeds
Canola ....................................................................................
Cottonseed .............................................................................
Flaxseed .................................................................................
Mustard seed ..........................................................................
Peanuts ..................................................................................
Rapeseed ...............................................................................
Safflower .................................................................................
Soybeans for beans ................................................................
Sunflower ................................................................................

2,077.0
(X)
303
103.0
1,870.6
10.1
162.0
90,142
1,403.0

2,076.0

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all ...............................................................................
Upland ................................................................................
American Pima ....................................................................
Sugarbeets .............................................................................
Sugarcane ..............................................................................
Tobacco ..................................................................................

12,612.5
12,360.0
252.5
1,131.2
(NA)
(NA)

13,469.0
13,207.0
262.0
1,112.9

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...............................................................
Dry edible beans .....................................................................
Chickpeas, all ......................................................................
Large ................................................................................
Small .................................................................................
Dry edible peas .......................................................................
Lentils .....................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ................................................................

26.5
2,092.0
618.8
439.3
179.5
1,128.0
1,104.0
(NA)

19.0
2,031.0
665.0
479.5
185.5
908.0
791.0

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops .......................................................................................
Maple syrup ............................................................................
Mushrooms .............................................................................
Peppermint oil .........................................................................
Potatoes, all ............................................................................
Spring .................................................................................
Summer ..............................................................................
Fall ......................................................................................
Spearmint oil ...........................................................................
Sweet potatoes .......................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,034.3
58.0
68.3
908.0
(NA)
161.6
(NA)

See footnote(s) at end of table.

(NA)

2,716
2,690
5,932
47,339
32,708
2,004
12,627

225
1,536.5

88,982
1,385.0

(NA)

50.0

158.5

1,954
82,703
6,434
53,784
16,563
37,221
801
404
2,374
286
5,045
284
37,586
25,291
2,136
10,159

53,726

24,769

2,002.0
(X)
272
95.4
1,775.6
9.7
143.2
89,522
1,344.7

11,100.4
10,850.0
250.4
1,114.1
904.1
321.5

309.6

9.4
2,012.7
599.3
424.5
174.8
1,050.5
1,022.0
(NA)

53.3
(NA)
(NA)
60.4
1,025.5
57.7
65.5
902.3
22.3
159.3
0.4

(NA)

49.6

--continued

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States:
2017 and 2018 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per acre
2017

Production
2018

2017

2018

(1,000)

Grains and hay
Barley ......................................................................... bushels
Corn for grain .............................................................. bushels
Corn for silage ..................................................................tons
Hay, all .............................................................................tons
Alfalfa ...........................................................................tons
All other ........................................................................tons
Oats ............................................................................ bushels
Proso millet ................................................................. bushels
Rice 2 ................................................................................. cwt
Rye ............................................................................. bushels
Sorghum for grain ....................................................... bushels
Sorghum for silage ............................................................tons
Wheat, all ................................................................... bushels
Winter ..................................................................... bushels
Durum ..................................................................... bushels
Other spring ............................................................ bushels

72.6
176.6
19.9
2.44
3.32
2.05
61.7
36.1
7,507
33.9
72.1
13.3
46.3
50.2
25.7
41.0

Oilseeds
Canola ......................................................................... pounds
Cottonseed .......................................................................tons
Flaxseed ..................................................................... bushels
Mustard seed ............................................................... pounds
Peanuts ....................................................................... pounds
Rapeseed .................................................................... pounds
Safflower ..................................................................... pounds
Soybeans for beans .................................................... bushels
Sunflower .................................................................... pounds

1,558
(X)
14.1
632
4,074
2,139
1,256
49.1
1,613

3,118,680
6,422.0
3,842
60,250
7,233,600
20,750
179,896
4,391,553
2,168,737

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ..................................................................... bales
Upland 2 ...................................................................... bales
American Pima 2 ......................................................... bales
Sugarbeets .......................................................................tons
Sugarcane ........................................................................tons
Tobacco ....................................................................... pounds

905
895
1,341
31.7
36.8
2,209

20,922.5
20,223.0
699.5
35,325
33,238
710,161

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas 2 ........................................................ cwt
Dry edible beans 2 ............................................................. cwt
Chickpeas, all 2 .............................................................. cwt
Large 2 ......................................................................... cwt
Small 2 ......................................................................... cwt
Dry edible peas 2 ............................................................... cwt
Lentils 2 .............................................................................. cwt
Wrinkled seed peas ........................................................... cwt

1,330
1,781
1,152
1,165
1,121
1,350
732
(NA)

125
35,845
6,905
4,945
1,960
14,177
7,482
357

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ............................................................................ pounds
Maple syrup ................................................................. gallons
Mushrooms .................................................................. pounds
Peppermint oil .............................................................. pounds
Potatoes, all ....................................................................... cwt
Spring ............................................................................ cwt
Summer ......................................................................... cwt
Fall ................................................................................ cwt
Spearmint oil ............................................................... pounds
Sweet potatoes .................................................................. cwt
Taro (Hawaii) ............................................................... pounds

1,959
(NA)
(NA)
96
430
343
331
443
125
224
10,530

48.4

(NA)

354

141,923
14,604,067
128,356
131,455
55,068
76,387
49,391
14,567
178,228
9,696
363,832
3,772
1,740,582
1,269,437
54,909
416,236

104,366.0
4,271
928,605
5,778
441,307
19,790
21,679
399,838
2,796
35,646
3,686

1,197,716

4,159

17,552

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Yield in pounds.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2017 and 2018
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2017

2018

2017

2018

(hectares)

Grains and hay
Barley ........................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ...........................................................
Corn for silage ...........................................................
Hay, all 2 ....................................................................
Alfalfa .....................................................................
All other ..................................................................
Oats ...........................................................................
Proso millet ................................................................
Rice ...........................................................................
Rye ............................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 ....................................................
Sorghum for silage .....................................................
Wheat, all 2 ................................................................
Winter ....................................................................
Durum ....................................................................
Other spring ...........................................................

1,004,040
36,489,680
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,047,340
193,440
996,750
793,600
2,276,790
(NA)
18,620,600
13,231,740
933,620
4,455,230

925,120
35,623,240

Oilseeds
Canola .......................................................................
Cottonseed ................................................................
Flaxseed ....................................................................
Mustard seed .............................................................
Peanuts .....................................................................
Rapeseed ..................................................................
Safflower ....................................................................
Soybeans for beans ...................................................
Sunflower ...................................................................

840,540
(X)
122,620
41,680
757,010
4,090
65,560
36,479,570
567,780

840,140

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 ................................................................
Upland ...................................................................
American Pima .......................................................
Sugarbeets ................................................................
Sugarcane .................................................................
Tobacco .....................................................................

5,104,150
5,001,970
102,180
457,790
(NA)
(NA)

5,450,770
5,344,740
106,030
450,380

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ..................................................
Dry edible beans ........................................................
Chickpeas 2 ............................................................
Large ...................................................................
Small ....................................................................
Dry edible peas ..........................................................
Lentils ........................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ...................................................

10,720
846,610
250,420
177,780
72,640
456,490
446,780
(NA)

7,690
821,930
269,120
194,050
75,070
367,460
320,110

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops ..........................................................................
Maple syrup ...............................................................
Mushrooms ................................................................
Peppermint oil ............................................................
Potatoes, all 2 .............................................................
Spring ....................................................................
Summer .................................................................
Fall .........................................................................
Spearmint oil ..............................................................
Sweet potatoes ..........................................................
Taro (Hawaii) .............................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
418,570
23,470
27,640
367,460
(NA)
65,400
(NA)

See footnote(s) at end of table.

(NA)

1,099,140
1,088,620
2,400,620
19,157,620
13,236,600
811,000
5,110,020

91,060
621,810

36,010,130
560,500

(NA)

20,230

64,140

790,760
33,469,080
2,603,780
21,765,850
6,702,880
15,062,970
324,160
163,490
960,730
115,740
2,041,660
114,930
15,210,680
10,235,010
864,420
4,111,250

21,742,370

10,023,770

810,190
(X)
110,080
38,610
718,570
3,930
57,950
36,228,660
544,190

4,492,220
4,390,890
101,330
450,870
365,880
130,100

125,280

3,800
814,520
242,530
171,790
70,740
425,130
413,590
(NA)

21,560
(NA)
(NA)
24,440
415,010
23,350
26,510
365,150
9,020
64,470
140

(NA)

20,070

--continued

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States:
2017 and 2018 (continued)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per hectare

Production

2017

2018

2017

2018

(metric tons)

Grains and hay
Barley .....................................................................................
Corn for grain ..........................................................................
Corn for silage ........................................................................
Hay, all 2 .................................................................................
Alfalfa .................................................................................
All other ..............................................................................
Oats ........................................................................................
Proso millet .............................................................................
Rice ........................................................................................
Rye .........................................................................................
Sorghum for grain ...................................................................
Sorghum for silage ..................................................................
Wheat, all 2 .............................................................................
Winter .................................................................................
Durum .................................................................................
Other spring ........................................................................

3.91
11.08
44.72
5.48
7.45
4.60
2.21
2.02
8.41
2.13
4.53
29.77
3.11
3.38
1.73
2.76

Oilseeds
Canola ....................................................................................
Cottonseed .............................................................................
Flaxseed .................................................................................
Mustard seed ..........................................................................
Peanuts ..................................................................................
Rapeseed ...............................................................................
Safflower ................................................................................
Soybeans for beans ................................................................
Sunflower ...............................................................................

1.75
(X)
0.89
0.71
4.57
2.40
1.41
3.30
1.81

1,414,610
5,825,940
97,590
27,330
3,281,110
9,410
81,600
119,518,490
983,720

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 .............................................................................
Upland ................................................................................
American Pima ...................................................................
Sugarbeets .............................................................................
Sugarcane ..............................................................................
Tobacco ..................................................................................

1.01
1.00
1.50
71.08
82.41
2.48

4,555,340
4,403,040
152,300
32,046,300
30,153,010
322,120

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...............................................................
Dry edible beans .....................................................................
Chickpeas, all 2 ...................................................................
Large ................................................................................
Small ................................................................................
Dry edible peas .......................................................................
Lentils .....................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ................................................................

1.49
2.00
1.29
1.31
1.26
1.51
0.82
(NA)

5,670
1,625,900
313,210
224,300
88,900
643,060
339,380
16,190

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Hops .......................................................................................
Maple syrup ............................................................................
Mushrooms .............................................................................
Peppermint oil .........................................................................
Potatoes, all 2 .........................................................................
Spring .................................................................................
Summer ..............................................................................
Fall .....................................................................................
Spearmint oil ..........................................................................
Sweet potatoes .......................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

2.20
(NA)
(NA)
0.11
48.23
38.44
37.10
49.67
0.14
25.08
11.80

3.25

(NA)

39.66

3,090,010
370,960,390
116,442,600
119,253,970
49,956,850
69,297,120
716,910
330,370
8,084,290
246,290
9,241,760
3,421,900
47,370,880
34,548,410
1,494,380
11,328,090

47,340
21,360
421,210
2,620
20,017,350
897,660
983,340
18,136,350
1,270
1,616,880
1,670

32,596,490

20,800

796,150

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Total may not add due to rounding.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2017 and 2018
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2017-2018 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop
Citrus 1
Grapefruit .............................................................................................. 1,000 tons
Lemons ................................................................................................. 1,000 tons
Oranges ................................................................................................ 1,000 tons
Tangerines and mandarins .................................................................... 1,000 tons
Noncitrus
Apples, commercial ......................................................................... million pounds
Apricots .......................................................................................................... tons
Avocados ....................................................................................................... tons
Bananas (Hawaii) ............................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Blackberries (Oregon) ...................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Blueberries, Cultivated ..................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Blueberries, Wild (Maine) ................................................................. 1,000 pounds
Boysenberries (Oregon) ................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Cherries, Sweet ............................................................................................. tons

Production
2017

2018

698
886
5,088
1,033

10,444.0
55,500

432,760

Cherries, Tart .................................................................................. million pounds
Coffee (Hawaii) ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Cranberries .................................................................................................. barrel
Dates ............................................................................................................. tons
Figs (California) .............................................................................................. tons
Grapes ........................................................................................................... tons
Kiwifruit (California) ........................................................................................ tons
Nectarines ...................................................................................................... tons
Olives (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................................. 1,000 pounds

238.2
24,966
9,050,000

Peaches ......................................................................................................... tons
Pears ............................................................................................................. tons
Plums (California) .......................................................................................... tons
Prunes (California) ......................................................................................... tons
Raspberries, all ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Strawberries ........................................................................................... 1,000 cwt

735,200
707,000

Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ........................................................... 1,000 pounds
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................................................... tons
Macadamias (Hawaii) ....................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Pecans, in-shell ................................................................................ 1,000 pounds
Pistachios (California) ...................................................................... 1,000 pounds
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .......................................................................... tons
1

553
872
3,893
876

319,900
352.7

7,505,300

105,000

80,000

31,992

2,270,000
36,000

2,300,000

277,400
650,000

Production years are 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2017 and 2018
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2018 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2017-2018 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Citrus 1
Grapefruit .............................................................................................................
Lemons ................................................................................................................
Oranges ................................................................................................................
Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................
Noncitrus
Apples, commercial ..............................................................................................
Apricots ................................................................................................................
Avocados ..............................................................................................................
Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................
Blackberries (Oregon) ...........................................................................................
Blueberries, Cultivated ..........................................................................................
Blueberries, Wild (Maine) ......................................................................................
Boysenberries (Oregon) ........................................................................................
Cherries, Sweet ....................................................................................................
Cherries, Tart ........................................................................................................
Coffee (Hawaii) .....................................................................................................
Cranberries ...........................................................................................................
Dates ....................................................................................................................
Figs (California) ....................................................................................................
Grapes .................................................................................................................
Kiwifruit (California) ...............................................................................................
Nectarines ............................................................................................................
Olives (California) .................................................................................................
Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................
Peaches ...............................................................................................................
Pears ....................................................................................................................
Plums (California) .................................................................................................
Prunes (California) ................................................................................................
Raspberries, all .....................................................................................................
Strawberries .........................................................................................................
Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................
Macadamias (Hawaii) ...........................................................................................
Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................
Pistachios (California) ...........................................................................................
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................
1

Production
2017

2018

(metric tons)

633,210
803,770
4,615,760
937,120

501,670
791,070
3,531,670
794,690

4,737,320
50,350

392,590

290,210

108,050
11,320
410,500

159,980

6,808,690

666,960
641,380
95,250

72,570

1,451,100

1,029,650
32,660

1,043,260

125,830
589,670

Production years are 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data
The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States
during 2018. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to
obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are based on counts from this survey.
Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2014-2018
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Year

June

July

August

Mature 1

(percent)
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
1

...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................
...................................

(percent)
15
16
21
28
18

(percent)
58
64
68
69

92
93
94
93

Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

May Weather Summary
Consistent warmth and erratic rainfall highlighted an unusual May. In fact, 2018 featured the Nation’s warmest May on
record. Unlike previous years, however, such as 1934, 1936, and 2012, when near-record to record-setting May warmth
was accompanied by rapidly developing drought, sufficient rain fell in many areas during May 2018 to forestall major
drought concerns.
Notable exceptions included the southern High Plains and the Southwest, where ongoing drought and hot conditions
hastened winter wheat maturation but increased stress on rangeland, pastures, and rain-fed summer crops. By June 3,
Arizona led the United States with 94 percent of its rangeland and pastures rated in very poor to poor condition, followed
by New Mexico (68 percent), Colorado (40 percent), and Texas (37 percent). May dryness was also noted in a few other
regions, including much of New England, the western Gulf Coast region, portions of the mid-South, and a few
Midwestern pockets.
In contrast, exceptionally wet weather prevailed in the middle and southern Atlantic States, hampering fieldwork and
potentially reducing the quality of crops such as hay, fruits, and winter wheat. On June 3, topsoil moisture was rated at
least one-half surplus in Delaware (68 percent), Maryland (60 percent), Virginia (56 percent), and North Carolina
(51 percent). Elsewhere, above-normal May rainfall was also observed across the northern and central High Plains and the
northern Intermountain West, generally benefiting winter grains and spring-sown crops.
The pervasive May warmth promoted a rapid pace of summer crop emergence and development, especially across the
Plains and Midwest. More than two-thirds (68 percent) of the Nation’s soybean acreage had emerged by June 3—the
quickest pace since 2012. In drier areas, such as Texas, the warmth also favored fieldwork. More than one-third
(35 percent) of the Texas winter wheat crop had been harvested by June 3.
May Agricultural Summary
May was warmer than normal for much of the Nation. From the Mid-Atlantic, through the Great Lakes, to northern Texas,
temperatures were 6°F or more above normal. Temperatures were similarly warm in the Northern Plains and northern
Rockies. Precipitation was above normal in much of the Southeast, with nearly all of Florida receiving 7 or more inches of
rain. Two or more inches of precipitation fell across much of the Rockies during the month, but the Colorado Basin
remained dry. The drought in the Colorado Basin and southern Plains continued through the month, though conditions did
improve in parts of Texas and Oklahoma.
By May 6, corn producers had planted 39 percent of the Nation’s corn acreage, 6 percentage points behind the previous
year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eight percent of the Nation’s corn acreage had emerged by
May 6, six percentage points behind both the previous year and the 5-year average. Producers had planted 81 percent of
the Nation’s corn acreage by May 20, one percentage point behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average.
Fifty percent of the Nation’s corn acreage had emerged by May 20, one percentage point behind the previous year but
3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 3, producers had planted 97 percent of the Nation’s corn
acreage, 2 percentage points ahead of both the previous year and the 5-year average. Eighty-six percent of the Nation’s
corn acreage had emerged by June 3, two percentage points ahead of the previous year and 3 percentage points ahead of
the 5-year average. As of June 3, seventy-eight percent of the Nation’s corn acreage was rated in good to excellent
condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year.
Fifteen percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage was planted by May 6, two percentage points ahead of both the previous
year and the 5-year average. Ten percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage had emerged by May 13, three percentage
points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 20, fifty-six percent of the
Nation’s soybean acreage was planted, 6 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 12 percentage points ahead of
the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage had emerged by May 20, nine percentage points
ahead of the previous year and 11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Producers had planted 87 percent of the
Nation’s soybean acreage by June 3, six percentage points ahead of the previous year and 12 percentage points ahead of
the 5-year average. Sixty-eight percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage had emerged by June 3, thirteen percentage points
ahead of the previous year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 3, seventy-five percent of the
22

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Nation’s soybean acreage was rated in good to excellent condition.
By May 6, thirty-three percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage was headed, 16 percentage points behind the previous
year and 8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of May 6, thirty-four percent of the 2018 winter wheat acreage
was reported in good to excellent condition, 19 percentage points below the same time the previous year.
Sixty-one percent of the Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage by May 20, ten percentage points
behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 3, eighty-three percent of the
Nation’s winter wheat acreage had reached the headed stage, 3 percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the
5-year average. Five percent of the 2018 winter wheat acreage was harvested by June 3, four percentage points behind the
previous year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 3, thirty-seven percent of the
2018 winter wheat acreage was reported in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points below the same time last
year.
Nationwide, 20 percent of the cotton acreage was planted by May 6, equal to both the previous year and the 5-year
average. Fifty-two percent of the cotton acreage was planted by May 20, three percentage points ahead of the previous
year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By June 3, seventy-six percent of the cotton acreage was
planted, two percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Nine percent of the Nation’s
cotton acreage had reached the squaring stage by June 3, one percentage point behind the previous year but 3 percentage
points ahead of the 5-year average. As of June 3, forty-two percent of the 2018 cotton acreage was rated in good to
excellent condition, 19 percentage points below the same time last year.
Twenty-nine percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was planted by May 6, one percentage point behind the previous
year but equal to the 5-year average. Thirty-nine percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was planted by May 20,
three percentage points ahead of the previous year and 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. By June 3,
sixty-one percent of the Nation’s sorghum acreage was planted, 8 percentage points ahead of the previous year and
seven percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Producers in Texas had planted 95 percent of the State’s intended
sorghum acreage by June 3, four percentage points ahead of the previous year and 12 percentage points ahead of the
5-year average.
Producers seeded 68 percent of the 2018 rice acreage by May 6, eight percentage points behind the previous year and
1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. By May 6, forty-four percent of the Nation’s rice acreage had emerged,
20 percentage points behind the previous year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-three percent of
the Nation’s 2018 rice acreage had been seeded by May 20, three percentage points ahead of the previous year and
4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 20, seventy-four percent of the Nation’s rice acreage had
emerged, 3 percentage points behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 3, ninety-five percent of
the Nation’s rice acreage had emerged, 5 percentage points ahead of the previous year and 4 percentage points ahead of
the 5-year average. As of June 3, seventy-four percent of the Nation’s rice acreage was rated in good to excellent
condition, 8 percentage points above the same time last year.
Nationally, oat producers had seeded 56 percent of this year’s acreage by May 6, twenty-one percentage points behind the
previous year and 18 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirty-four percent of the Nation’s oat acreage had
emerged by May 6, twenty-three percentage points behind the previous year and 20 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Oat producers had seeded 86 percent of this year’s intended acreage by May 20, eight percentage points behind
the previous year and 5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-seven percent of the Nation’s oat acreage had
emerged by May 20, fourteen percentage points behind the previous year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Twenty-five percent of the Nation’s oat acreage was headed by May 20, three percentage points ahead of the
previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Oat producers had seeded 98 percent of this year’s acreage by June 3,
one percentage point behind the previous year but equal to the 5-year average. Ninety percent of the Nation’s oat acreage
had emerged by June 3, five percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year
average. Thirty-one percent of the Nation’s oat acreage was headed by June 3, three percentage points behind the previous
year and two percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 3, sixty-five percent of the Nation’s oat acreage was
rated in good to excellent condition, 3 percentage points above the same time last year.
Forty-two percent of the Nation’s barley crop was planted by May 6, eight percentage points behind the previous year and
Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 6, thirteen percent of the Nation’s barley acreage had emerged,
11 percentage points behind the previous year and 17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Eighty-one percent of
the Nation’s barley was planted by May 20, six percentage points behind the previous year and 3 percentage points behind
the 5-year average. By May 20, forty-five percent of the Nation’s barley acreage had emerged, 12 percentage points
behind the previous year and 13 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the Nation’s barley
crop was planted by June 3, one percentage point behind the previous year but 2 percentage points ahead of the 5-year
average. By June 3, eighty-two percent of the Nation’s barley acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point behind both the
previous year and the 5-year average. As of June 3, seventy-nine percent of the Nation’s barley acreage was rated in good
to excellent condition, 10 percentage points above the same time last year.
By May 6, thirty percent of the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 21 percentage points behind both the previous year and
the 5-year average. Four percent of the Nation’s spring wheat crop had emerged by May 6, fifteen percentage points
behind the previous year and 18 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Seventy-nine percent of the Nation’s spring
wheat acreage was seeded by May 20, nine percentage points behind the previous year and 1 percentage point behind the
5-year average. Thirty-seven percent of the Nation’s spring wheat crop had emerged by May 20, twenty-two percentage
points behind the previous year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By June 3, ninety-seven percent of
the spring wheat acreage was seeded, 2 percentage points behind the previous year but 3 percentage points ahead of the
5-year average. Eighty-one percent of the Nation’s spring wheat had emerged by June 3, seven percentage points behind
the previous year and 1 percentage point behind the 5-year average. Seventy percent of the Nation’s spring wheat crop
was rated in good to excellent condition, 15 percentage points above the same time last year.
Nationally, peanut producers had planted 23 percent of this year’s peanut acreage by May 6, equal to the previous year but
5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 20, peanut producers had planted 63 percent of this year’s
peanut acreage, one percentage point behind the previous year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Peanut
producers had planted 83 percent of this year’s peanut acreage by June 3, six percentage points behind the previous year
and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As of June 3, fifty-nine percent of the Nation’s peanut acreage was
rated in good to excellent condition, 13 percentage points below the same time last year.
By May 6, sixty-six percent of the Nation’s sugarbeet acreage was planted, 4 percentage points behind the previous year
but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By May 20, sugarbeet plantings were virtually complete with
ninety-five percent of the Nation’s sugarbeet acreage planted, 1 percentage point behind the previous year but
6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Twelve percent of Nation’s intended 2018 sunflower acreage was planted by May 20, five percentage points behind the
previous year but equal to the 5-year average. By June 3, forty-nine percent of sunflower acreage had been planted,
nine percentage points behind the previous year but 8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Sunflower planting
was ahead of the 5-year average in all estimating States.

Crop Comments
Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.20 billion bushels, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast but down 6 percent
from 2017. As of June 1, the United States yield is forecast at 48.4 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from last month but
down 1.8 bushels from last year's average yield of 50.2 bushels per acre. As of June 3, thirty-seven percent of the
winter wheat crop in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 12 percentage points lower
than at the same time last year. Conversely, 35 percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major producing States was
rated in very poor to poor condition, 20 percentage points higher than at the same time last year. Nationally, 83 percent of
the winter wheat crop was headed by June 3, the same as the 5-year average pace. As of June 3, five percent of the
2018 winter wheat acres had been harvested in the 18 major producing States. Harvest was underway in Arkansas,
California, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas. Record high yields are expected in Kentucky, Michigan, and
Tennessee.
Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana,
Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are above last year’s level in Texas but below in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska,
24

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

and Oklahoma. As of June 3, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas winter wheat was rated 49 percent, 63 percent, and
58 percent, in very poor to poor condition, compared with 16 percent, 11 percent, and 16 percent, in good to excellent
condition, respectively. Drought conditions were prevalent across parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio)
are below last year’s levels in Missouri, but above last year’s levels in Illinois and Ohio.
Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. As of June 3, Idaho, Oregon,
and Washington winter wheat was rated 74 percent, 67 percent, and 89 percent, in good to excellent condition,
respectively. In Idaho, a warm May led to favorable conditions. In Oregon, conditions in parts of the State worsened from
moderate to severe drought from May to June.
Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 12.0 million bushels, up
5 percent from 2017. In Arizona, 29 percent of the acreage was harvested by June 3, slightly ahead of last year and
8 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. The Arizona crop was rated at 79 percent in the good to excellent
categories, 9 percentage points below the 5-year average.
Florida citrus: In the citrus growing region, daily high temperatures were reported as average or above average all
month, ranging from the mid-80s to low 90s on most days. Nighttime lows were in the 60s and 70s. Rainfall was well
above average in the citrus growing region. All monitored stations had at least twice the normal precipitation for this time
of the year. Several stations in the Western and Northern area and the Indian River District had over twelve inches of rain.
Towards the end of the month, subtropical storm Alberto moved across the Gulf of Mexico, running parallel to the
western shore of Florida. The rainfall associated with the storm resulted in removal of abnormal dryness across the
complete State. According to the June 5, 2018 United States Drought Monitor, the entire citrus region was drought free.
Valencia harvest is relatively over for the season. Growers were concentrating on next year’s crop. With a dry bloom
period and recent spring rainfall, fruit was holding and progressing well on the citrus trees. Oranges were reported as golf
ball size and larger, while grapefruit were about as large as tennis balls. Irrigation was cut back some due to the rainfall
over several days. Spraying was heavier during the first of the month when dry weather prevailed. Caretakers and grove
owners sprayed nutritionals, summer oils, put down herbicides, and put out fertilizer. Some growers were mowing after
harvest, taking care of young trees, cleaning ditches, and performing general grove maintenance.
California citrus: The harvest of late variety Navel oranges continued with some growers reporting grading issues.
Valencia oranges were harvested. Seedless tangerine groves remained netted for the bloom. Grapefruit harvest was
wrapping up. Some citrus trees were being planted and older trees were trimmed and skirted.
California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Vineyards continued to leaf-out and progress into the early stages of flowering.
Leaf removal was ongoing in some vineyards. Immature fruit on early stone fruit varieties were thinned. New orchards
were being planted. Cherries were sizing well and some early varieties were harvested. By mid-month, the cherry harvest
was well underway. Pomegranates, persimmons, olives, and kiwis were blooming. Kiwi pollen was being collected to be
used to pollenate other blocks. Towards the end of May, grapes were developing. Some early apricots were harvested.
Walnut and pistachio bloom was ongoing. Almonds were developing well. Almond and walnuts were irrigated. Pesticides
and fungicides were applied to some almond groves. Weed control continued.
Grapefruit: The United States 2017-2018 grapefruit crop is forecast at 553,000 tons, down 1 percent from last month and
21 percent below last season’s final utilization. In Florida, expected production, at 3.88 million boxes (165,000 tons), is
down 2 percent from last month and down 50 percent from last year. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts
were carried forward from the previous month.
Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 876,000 tons, unchanged from
last month but down 15 percent from last season’s final utilization. The Florida tangerine and mandarin forecast, at
750,000 boxes (36,000 tons) is unchanged from last month but down 54 percent from the previous year. The California
tangerine and mandarin forecast was carried forward from the previous month.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prunes (dried plums): California’s 2018 prune production is forecast at 80,000 dried tons, down 24 percent from last
year. Some locations experienced inclement weather during the bloom and pollination time which negatively impacted the
2018 expected production.
Cherries, Tart: United States tart cherry production is forecast at 353 million pounds, up 48 percent from the
2017 production.
In Michigan, the largest tart cherry producing State, growers were expecting an above average crop. Weather conditions
were favorable for a quick bloom period with high temperatures in May. Utah growers reported an above average crop
this year. Warmer weather conditions were favorable for an early bloom. In New York, weather conditions were also
favorable and the crop was off to a good start. Growers reported a good crop with an average bloom.
In Washington, growers reported moderate spring temperatures and moisture and expected harvest to begin later than
normal. In Wisconsin, snow storms and cool temperatures lead to a delay in the crop this year. Growers reported that they
expected a good crop, although there was some concern about potential damage from invasive flies.
Cherries, Sweet: United States sweet cherry production is forecast at 319,900 tons, down 26 percent from 2017.
In Washington and Oregon, cool and wet weather and an extended bloom hampered pollination and led to a lighter fruit
set of early varieties. Growers were concerned about the extent of fruit drop in early varieties through harvest. In
California, growers reported a warm winter across the State and damaging frost over several days in late February,
followed by heavy rains in March that impacted much of the crop.
In Michigan, growers were expecting an above average crop. Weather conditions were reported as favorable, as higher
temperatures promoted a quick blooming period during late spring.
Maple syrup: The 2018 United States maple syrup production totaled 4.16 million gallons, down 3 percent from the
previous year. The number of taps is estimated at 13.7 million, up 3 percent from the 2017 total. Yield per tap is estimated
to be 0.304 gallon, down 5 percent from the previous season.
The earliest sap flow reported was January 7 in Pennsylvania. The latest sap flow reported to open the season was
March 1 in Minnesota. On average, the season lasted 42 days, compared with 37 days in 2017. The 2017 United States
average price per gallon was $33.00, down $2.00 from 2016. Value of production, at $141 million for 2017, was down
4 percent from the previous season.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology
Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 7 to
gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted
for 73 percent of the 2017 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported
acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made
within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and
number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with
similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to
obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and
weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting
loss.
The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interview.
Approximately 3,900 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the probable yield
on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of
average yields.
Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the June 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which
produced about 61 percent of the United States production last season. In August and September 2017, the number of
bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree is determined. In August and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and
fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current
forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and
July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for Navel oranges and in March for Valencia
oranges.
Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Regional Field Office submits their
analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State
analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts.
Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield indications for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors,
reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current
situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare
the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from
April.
Revision policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month
throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing
season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks.
Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season
orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in August. The orange production estimates are
based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments,
and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.
Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the “Root Mean Square Error,” a
statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the
final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the
latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the “Root Mean Square Error.”
Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final
end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent
years.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The “Root Mean Square Error” for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.1 percent. This means that chances are
2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.1 percent.
Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 8.8 percent. Differences between
the June 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 65 million
bushels, ranging from 4 million to 166 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 11 times and
above 9 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final
production.
The “Root Mean Square Error” for the June 1 orange production forecast is 1.8 percent. However, if you exclude the three
abnormal production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons), the “Root Mean Square Error” is 1.9 percent.
This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final
estimates by more than 1.8 percent, or 1.9 percent when excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent
confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.1 percent, or 3.3 percent when excluding abnormal seasons.
Changes between the June 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 121,000 tons
(135,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 368,000 tons (23,000 tons to 368,000 tons
excluding abnormal seasons). The June 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above
11 times (below 6 times and above 11 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the
June 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .............................................................................. (202) 720-9526
James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ....................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
Jeff Lemmons – Oats, Soybeans ...................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234
Sammy Neal – Peanuts, Rice ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Joshua O’Rear – Crop Weather, Barley ........................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Bianca Pruneda – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum .................................................................... (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................................... (202) 720-7369
Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127
Vincent Davis – Apricots, Bananas, Cherries, Garlic, Lettuce, Mint, Papaya,
Pears, Strawberries, Tomatoes................................................................................................... (202) 720-2157
Fleming Gibson – Avocados, Cauliflower, Celery, Citrus, Coffee, Dates,
Figs, Kiwifruit, Nectarines, Olives, Green Peas, Taro, Watermelons ....................................... (202) 720-5412
Greg Lemmons – Blackberries, Blueberries, Boysenberries, Cranberries,
Cucumbers, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Raspberries, Squash, Sugarbeets,
Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes ........................................................................................................ (202) 720-4285
Dan Norris – Artichokes, Austrian Winter Peas, Cantaloupes, Dry Beans,
Dry Edible Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Mushrooms, Peaches, Snap Beans ............................... (202) 720-3250
Daphne Schauber – Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chile Peppers,
Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Maple Syrup, Tree Nuts, Spinach ................................................. (202) 720-4215
Chris Singh – Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Lima Beans, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ........................................................................................ (202) 720-4288

Crop Production (June 2018)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
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If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
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(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

File Type	application/pdf
File Title	Crop Production 06/12/2018
Author	USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
File Modified	2018-06-12
File Created	2018-06-12