Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, as amended (31 U.S.C. 6101)

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U.S.C. Title 31 - MONEY AND FINANCE

31 U.S.C.
United States Code, 2020 Edition
Title 31 - MONEY AND FINANCE
SUBTITLE V - GENERAL ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 61 - PROGRAM INFORMATION
Sec. 6101 - Definitions
From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov

§6101. Definitions
In this chapter—
(1) "administering office" means the lowest unit of an agency responsible
for managing a domestic assistance program.
(2) "agency" has the same meaning given that term in section 551(1) of title
5.
(3) "assistance"—
(A) means the transfer of anything of value for a public purpose of
support or stimulation authorized by a law of the United States, including—
(i) financial assistance;
(ii) United States Government facilities, services, and property; and
(iii) expert and technical information; and
(B) does not include conventional public information services or
procurement of property or services for the direct benefit or use of the
Government.
(4) "domestic assistance program"—
(A) means assistance from an agency for—
(i) a State;
(ii) the District of Columbia;
(iii) a territory or possession of the United States;
(iv) a county;
(v) a city;
(vi) a political subdivision or instrumentality of a governmental
authority listed in subclauses (i)–(v) of this clause (A);
(vii) a domestic corporation;
(viii) a domestic institution; and
(ix) an individual of the United States; and
(B) does not include assistance from an agency for an agency.
(5) "Director" means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
(6) "Administrator" means the Administrator of General Services.
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(7) "formula" means any prescribed method employing objective data or
statistical estimates for making individual determinations among recipients of
Federal funds, either in terms of eligibility or actual funding allocations, that
can be written in the form of either—
(A) a closed mathematical statement; or
(B) an iterative procedure or algorithm which can be written as a
computer program;
and from which the results can be objectively replicated, within reasonable
limits due to rounding error, through independent application of such
statement, procedures, or algorithm, by different qualified individuals.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 98–169, §§1(1), 3(a),
Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1113; Pub. L. 99–547, §2(b)(2), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat.
3060; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(f)(1)(S), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 104–
287, §6(a)(1), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Revised Section
Source (U.S. Code)
6101(1)
31:1701(4).
6101(2)
6101(3)
6101(4)

Source (Statutes at Large)
Dec. 28, 1977, Pub. L. 95–
220, §2, 91 Stat. 1615.

31:1701(2).
31:1701(1).
31:1701(3).

In the section, the word "Federal" is omitted as unnecessary.
In clause (1), the word "unit" is substituted for "subdivision" for consistency in the revised title. The words
"direct operational" are omitted as unnecessary.
In clause (3)(A), the words "money, property, services, or" are omitted as being included in "anything of
value". The word "for" is substituted for "the principal purpose of which is to accomplish" to eliminate
unnecessary words. In subclause (i), the words "grants, loans, loan guarantees, scholarships, mortgage loans,
insurance or other types of" are omitted as being included in "financial assistance". In subclause (ii), the word
"goods" is omitted as being included in "property". The words "and service activities of regulatory agencies"
are omitted as being included in "services". In subclause (iii), the words "expert and technical information" are
substituted for "technical assistance, and counseling, statistical and other expert information" to eliminate
unnecessary words.
In clause (3)(B), the words "or procurement of property or services for the direct benefit or use of the
Government" are added for consistency in subtitle V of the revised title.
In clause (4)(A), the words "or benefits" are omitted as being included in "assistance". Subclause (ii) is
included for consistency in the revised title because the District of Columbia is stated when a provision is
meant to apply to the District. In subclause (vi), the word "grouping" is omitted as being included in "political
subdivision or instrumentality". In subclauses (vii)–(ix), the words "profit or nonprofit" are omitted as surplus.
In subclause (ix), the words "individual of the United States" are substituted for "domestic . . . individual" for
clarity.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
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1996—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 104–287 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 103–272.
See 1994 Amendment note below.
1994—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 103–272, as amended by Pub. L. 104–287, substituted "agency." for "agency" at
end.
1986—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 99–547 substituted "assistance from an agency for an agency" for "a department,
agency, or instrumentality of the Government."
1983—Pars. (5), (6). Pub. L. 98–169, §1(1), added pars. (5) and (6).
Par. (7). Pub. L. 98–169, §3(a), added par. (7).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Pub. L. 104–287, §6(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398, provided that the amendment made by that section is
effective July 5, 1994.
Short Title of 2014 Amendment
Pub. L. 113–101, §1, May 9, 2014, 128 Stat. 1146, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3512 and
3716 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the
'Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014' or the 'DATA Act'."
Short Title of 2008 Amendment
Pub. L. 110–252, title VI, §6201, June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2387, provided that: "This chapter [chapter 2
(§§6201, 6202) of title VI of Pub. L. 110–252, enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this
section] may be cited as the 'Government Funding Transparency Act of 2008'."
Reporting on Use of Funds
Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title V, §15011, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 540, provided that:
"(a) In this section—
"(1) the terms 'agency', 'appropriate congressional committees', 'Committee', 'covered funds', and
'Coronavirus response' have the meanings given those terms in section 15010 [set out as a note under
section 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)];
"(2) the term 'covered recipient'—
"(A) means any entity that receives large covered funds; and
"(B) includes any State, the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United
States; and
"(3) the term 'large covered funds' means covered funds that amount to more than $150,000.
"(b)(1)(A) On a monthly basis until September 30, 2021, each agency shall report to the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget, the Bureau of Fiscal Service in the Department of the Treasury, the
Committee, and the appropriate congressional committees on any obligation or expenditure of large covered
funds, including loans and awards.
"(B) Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 27, 2020], each agency shall submit
to the Committee a plan describing how the agency will use covered funds.
"(2) Not later than 10 days after the end of each calendar quarter, each covered recipient shall submit to the
agency and the Committee a report that contains—
"(A) the total amount of large covered funds received from the agency;
"(B) the amount of large covered funds received that were expended or obligated for each project or
activity;
"(C) a detailed list of all projects or activities for which large covered funds were expended or
obligated, including—
"(i) the name of the project or activity;
"(ii) a description of the project or activity; and
"(iii) the estimated number of jobs created or retained by the project or activity, where applicable;
and
"(D) detailed information on any level of subcontracts or subgrants awarded by the covered recipient
or its subcontractors or subgrantees, to include the data elements required to comply with the Federal
Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 [Pub. L. 109–282] (31 U.S.C. 6101 note) allowing
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aggregate reporting on awards below $50,000 or to individuals, as prescribed by the Director of the Office
of Management and Budget.
"(3) Not later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the Committee, in consultation with the
agency that made large covered funds available to any covered recipient shall make the information in reports
submitted under paragraph (2) publicly available by posting the information on the website established under
section 15010(g).
"(4)(A) Each agency, in coordination with the Committee and the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget shall provide user-friendly means for covered recipients to meet requirements of this subsection.
"(B) Federal agencies may use existing mechanisms to ensure that information under this subsection is
reported accurately.
"(c)(1) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Secretary of the
Treasury, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and the Chairperson of the Council of
Economic Advisors, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees and publicly release on the
website established under section 15010(g) quarterly reports that detail the impact of programs funded through
large covered funds on employment, estimated economic growth, and other key economic indicators,
including information about impacted industries.
"(2)(A) The first report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted not later than 45 days after the end
of the first full quarter following the date of enactment of this Act.
"(B) The last report required to be submitted under paragraph (1) shall apply to the quarter in which the
Committee terminates."
Exemption From Certain Reporting Requirements for Certain Agricultural Producers
Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1707, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4529, provided that:
"(a) Definition of Exempted Producer.—In this section, the term 'exempted producer' means an
individual or entity that is eligible to participate in—
"(1) a conservation program under title II [see Tables for classification] or a law amended by title II;
"(2) an indemnity or disease control program under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301
et seq.) or the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.); or
"(3) a commodity program under title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq.),
excluding the assistance provided to users of cotton under sections 1207(c) and 1208 of that Act (7 U.S.C.
9037(c), 9038).
"(b) Exemption.—Notwithstanding the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006
(Public Law 109–282; 31 U.S.C. 6101 note), the requirements of parts 25 and 170 of title 2, Code of Federal
Regulations (or successor regulations), shall not apply with respect to assistance received by an exempted
producer from the Secretary [of Agriculture], acting through the Chief of the Natural Resources Conservation
Service, the Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, or the Administrator of the
Farm Service Agency."
Purposes
Pub. L. 113–101, §2, May 9, 2014, 128 Stat. 1146, provided that: "The purposes of this Act [see Short Title
of 2014 Amendment note above] are to—
"(1) expand the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 [Pub. L. 109–282] (31
U.S.C. 6101 note) by disclosing direct Federal agency expenditures and linking Federal contract, loan, and
grant spending information to programs of Federal agencies to enable taxpayers and policy makers to track
Federal spending more effectively;
"(2) establish Government-wide data standards for financial data and provide consistent, reliable, and
searchable Government-wide spending data that is displayed accurately for taxpayers and policy makers on
USASpending.gov (or a successor system that displays the data);
"(3) simplify reporting for entities receiving Federal funds by streamlining reporting requirements and
reducing compliance costs while improving transparency;
"(4) improve the quality of data submitted to USASpending.gov by holding Federal agencies
accountable for the completeness and accuracy of the data submitted; and
"(5) apply approaches developed by the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board to spending
across the Federal Government."
Requirements and Limitations for Suspension and Debarment Officials of the Department of
Defense, the Department of State, and the United States Agency for International
Development
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Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §861, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1857, provided that:
"(a) Requirements.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the
head of the covered agency concerned shall ensure the following:
"(1) There shall be not less than one suspension and debarment official—
"(A) in the case of the Department of Defense, for each of the Department of the Army, the
Department of the Navy, the Department of the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency;
"(B) for the Department of State; and
"(C) for the United States Agency for International Development.
"(2) A suspension and debarment official under paragraph (1) may not report to or be subject to the
supervision of the acquisition office or the Inspector General—
"(A) in the case of the Department of Defense, of either the Department of Defense or the military
department or Defense Agency concerned; and
"(B) in the case of the Department of State and the United States Agency for International
Development, of the covered agency concerned.
"(3) Each suspension and debarment official under paragraph (1) shall have a staff and resources
adequate for the discharge of the suspension and debarment responsibilities of such official.
"(4) Each suspension and debarment official under paragraph (1) shall document the basis for any final
decision taken pursuant to a formal referral in accordance with the policies established under paragraph (5).
"(5) Each suspension and debarment official under paragraph (1) shall, in consultation with the
General Counsel of the covered agency, establish in writing policies for the consideration of the following:
"(A) Formal referrals of suspension and debarment matters.
"(B) Suspension and debarment matters that are not formally referred.
"(b) Duties of Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension.—[Amended section 873 of
Pub. L. 110–417, set out below.]
"(c) Covered Agency.—In this section, the term 'covered agency' means the Department of Defense, the
Department of State, and the United States Agency for International Development."
Role of Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, §873, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4557, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383,
div. A, title X, §1075(e)(16), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4375; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §861(b), Jan. 2,
2013, 126 Stat. 1858, provided that:
"(a) Requirement.—The Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension shall—
"(1) resolve issues regarding which of several Federal agencies is the lead agency having responsibility
to initiate suspension or debarment proceedings, including with respect to contracts in connection with
contingency operations;
"(2) coordinate actions among interested agencies with respect to such action;
"(3) encourage and assist Federal agencies in entering into cooperative efforts to pool resources and
achieve operational efficiencies in the Governmentwide suspension and debarment system;
"(4) recommend to the Office of Management and Budget changes to the Government suspension and
debarment system and its rules, if such recommendations are approved by a majority of the Interagency
Committee;
"(5) authorize the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidelines that implement those
recommendations;
"(6) authorize the chair of the Committee to establish subcommittees as appropriate to best enable the
Interagency Committee to carry out its functions; and
"(7) submit to Congress an annual report on—
"(A) the progress and efforts to improve the suspension and debarment system;
"(B) member agencies' active participation in the committee's work;
"(C) a summary of each agency's activities and accomplishments in the Governmentwide
debarment system; and
"(D) a summary of suspensions, debarments, and administrative agreements during the previous
year.
"(b) Date of Submittal of Annual Reports.—The annual report required by subsection (a)(7) shall be
submitted not later than January 31 of each year, beginning with January 31, 2014.
"(c) Definitions.—In this section:
"(1) The term 'contingency operation' has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(13) of title 10,
United States Code.
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"(2) The term 'Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension' means the committee constituted
under sections 4 and 5 of Executive Order No. 12549 [set out below]."
Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency
Pub. L. 110–252, title VI, §6202(b), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2387, provided that: "The Director of the
Office of Management and Budget shall promulgate regulations to implement the amendment made by this
chapter [amending Pub. L. 109–282, set out below]. Such regulations shall include a definition of 'total
compensation' that is consistent with regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission at section 402 of
part 229 of title 17 of the Code of Federal Regulations (or any subsequent regulation)."
Pub. L. 109–282, Sept. 26, 2006, 120 Stat. 1186, as amended by Pub. L. 110–252, title VI, §6202(a), June
30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2387; Pub. L. 113–101, §3, May 9, 2014, 128 Stat. 1146, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
"This Act may be cited as the 'Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006'.

"SEC. 2. FULL DISCLOSURE OF ENTITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDING.
"(a) Definitions.—In this Act:
"(1) Director.—The term 'Director' means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
"(2) Entity.—The term 'entity'—
"(A) includes, whether for profit or nonprofit—
"(i) a corporation;
"(ii) an association;
"(iii) a partnership;
"(iv) a limited liability company;
"(v) a limited liability partnership;
"(vi) a sole proprietorship;
"(vii) any other legal business entity;
"(viii) any other grantee or contractor that is not excluded by subparagraph (B) or (C); and
"(ix) any State or locality;
"(B) on and after January 1, 2009, includes any subcontractor or subgrantee; and
"(C) does not include—
"(i) an individual recipient of Federal assistance; or
"(ii) a Federal employee.
"(3) Federal agency.—The term 'Federal agency' has the meaning given the term 'Executive agency'
under section 105 of title 5, United States Code.
"(4) Federal award.—The term 'Federal award'—
"(A) means Federal financial assistance and expenditures that—
"(i) include grants, subgrants, loans, awards, cooperative agreements, and other forms of
financial assistance;
"(ii) include contracts, subcontracts, purchase orders, task orders, and delivery orders;
"(B) does not include individual transactions below $25,000; and
"(C) before October 1, 2008, does not include credit card transactions.
"(5) Object class.—The term 'object class' means the category assigned for purposes of the annual
budget of the President submitted under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, to the type of
property or services purchased by the Federal Government.
"(6) Program activity.—The term 'program activity' has the meaning given that term under section
1115(h) of title 31, United States Code.
"(7) Searchable website.—The term 'searchable website' means a website that allows the public to—
"(A) search and aggregate Federal funding by any element required by subsection (b)(1);
"(B) ascertain through a single search the total amount of Federal funding awarded to an entity by
a Federal award described in paragraph (2)(A)(i), by fiscal year;
"(C) ascertain through a single search the total amount of Federal funding awarded to an entity by
a Federal award described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), by fiscal year; and
"(D) download data included in subparagraph (A) included in the outcome from searches.
"(8) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury.
"(b) In General.—
"(1) Website.—Not later than January 1, 2008, the Office of Management and Budget shall, in
accordance with this section, section 204 of the E-Government Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–347; 44
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U.S.C. 3501 note), and the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 403 [401] et seq.)
[now division B (except sections 1123, 2303, 2304, and 2313) of subtitle I of title 41], ensure the existence
and operation of a single searchable website, accessible by the public at no cost to access, that includes for
each Federal award—
"(A) the name of the entity receiving the award;
"(B) the amount of the award;
"(C) information on the award including transaction type, funding agency, the North American
Industry Classification System code or Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance number (where
applicable), program source, and an award title descriptive of the purpose of each funding action;
"(D) the location of the entity receiving the award and the primary location of performance under
the award, including the city, State, congressional district, and country;
"(E) a unique identifier of the entity receiving the award and of the parent entity of the recipient,
should the entity be owned by another entity;
"(F) the names and total compensation of the five most highly compensated officers of the entity
if—
"(i) the entity in the preceding fiscal year received—
     "(I) 80 percent or more of its annual gross revenues in Federal awards; and
     "(II) $25,000,000 or more in annual gross revenues from Federal awards; and
"(ii) the public does not have access to information about the compensation of the senior
executives of the entity through periodic reports filed under section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m(a), 78o(d)) or section 6104 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986. [; and]
"(G) any other relevant information specified by the Office of Management and Budget.
"(2) Scope of data.—The website shall include data for fiscal year 2007, and each fiscal year
thereafter.
"(3) Designation of agencies.—The Director is authorized to designate one or more Federal agencies
to participate in the development, establishment, operation, and support of the single website. In the initial
designation, or in subsequent instructions and guidance, the Director may specify the scope of the
responsibilities of each such agency.
"(4) Agency responsibilities.—Federal agencies shall comply with the instructions and guidance
issued by the Director under paragraph (3), and shall provide appropriate assistance to the Director upon
request, so as to assist the Director in ensuring the existence and operation of the single website.
"(c) Website.—The website established under this section—
"(1) may use as the source of its data the Federal Procurement Data System, Federal Assistance Award
Data System, and Grants.gov, if all of these data sources are searchable through the website and can be
accessed in a search on the website required by this Act, provided that the user may—
"(A) specify such search shall be confined to Federal contracts and subcontracts;
"(B) specify such search shall be confined to include grants, subgrants, loans, awards, cooperative
agreements, and other forms of financial assistance;
"(2) shall not be considered in compliance if it hyperlinks to the Federal Procurement Data System
website, Federal Assistance Award Data System website, Grants.gov website, or other existing websites, so
that the information elements required by subsection (b)(1) cannot be searched electronically by field in a
single search;
"(3) shall provide an opportunity for the public to provide input about the utility of the site and
recommendations for improvements;
"(4) shall be updated not later than 30 days after the award of any Federal award requiring a posting;
"(5) shall provide for separate searches for Federal awards described in subsection (a) to distinguish
between the Federal awards described in subsection (a)(2)(A)(i) and those described in subsection (a)(2)(A)
(ii);
"(6) shall have the ability to aggregate data for the categories described in paragraphs (1) through (5)
without double-counting data; and
"(7) shall ensure that all information published under this section is available—
"(A) in machine-readable and open formats;
"(B) to be downloaded in bulk; and
"(C) to the extent practicable, for automated processing.
"(d) Subaward Data.—
"(1) Pilot program.—
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"(A) In general.—Not later than July 1, 2007, the Director shall commence a pilot program to—
"(i) test the collection and accession of data about subgrants and subcontracts; and
"(ii) determine how to implement a subaward reporting program across the Federal
Government, including—
     "(I) a reporting system under which the entity issuing a subgrant or subcontract is responsible for fulfilling
the subaward reporting requirement; and
     "(II) a mechanism for collecting and incorporating agency and public feedback on the design and utility of
the website.
"(B) Termination.—The pilot program under subparagraph (A) shall terminate not later than
January 1, 2009.
"(2) Reporting of subawards.—
"(A) In general.—Based on the pilot program conducted under paragraph (1), and, except as
provided in subparagraph (B), not later than January 1, 2009, the Director—
"(i) shall ensure that data regarding subawards are disclosed in the same manner as data
regarding other Federal awards, as required by this Act; and
"(ii) shall ensure that the method for collecting and distributing data about subawards under
clause (i)—
     "(I) minimizes burdens imposed on Federal award recipients and subaward recipients;
     "(II) allows Federal award recipients and subaward recipients to allocate reasonable costs for the collection
and reporting of subaward data as indirect costs; and
     "(III) establishes cost-effective requirements for collecting subaward data under block grants, formula
grants, and other types of assistance to State and local governments.
"(B) Extension of deadline.—For subaward recipients that receive Federal funds through State,
local, or tribal governments, the Director may extend the deadline for ensuring that data regarding such
subawards are disclosed in the same manner as data regarding other Federal awards for a period not to
exceed 18 months, if the Director determines that compliance would impose an undue burden on the
subaward recipient.
"(e) Exception.—Any entity that demonstrates to the Director that the gross income, from all sources, for
such entity did not exceed $300,000 in the previous tax year of such entity shall be exempt from the
requirement to report subawards under subsection (d), until the Director determines that the imposition of such
reporting requirements will not cause an undue burden on such entities.
"(f) Construction.—Nothing in this Act shall prohibit the Office of Management and Budget from
including through the website established under this section access to data that is publicly available in any
other Federal database.
"(g) Report.—
"(1) In general.—The Director shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on
Oversight and Reform] of the House of Representatives an annual report regarding the implementation of
the website established under this section.
"(2) Contents.—Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—
"(A) data regarding the usage and public feedback on the utility of the site (including
recommendations for improving data quality and collection);
"(B) an assessment of the reporting burden placed on Federal award and subaward recipients; and
"(C) an explanation of any extension of the subaward reporting deadline under subsection (d)(2)
(B), if applicable.
"(3) Publication.—The Director shall make each report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly
available on the website established under this section.

"SEC. 3. FULL DISCLOSURE OF FEDERAL FUNDS.
"(a) In General.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Digital Accountability and
Transparency Act of 2014 [May 9, 2014], and monthly when practicable but not less than quarterly thereafter,
the Secretary, in consultation with the Director, shall ensure that the information in subsection (b) is posted on
the website established under section 2.
"(b) Information To Be Posted.—For any funds made available to or expended by a Federal agency or
component of a Federal agency, the information to be posted shall include—
"(1) for each appropriations account, including an expired or unexpired appropriations account, the
amount—
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"(A) of budget authority appropriated;
"(B) that is obligated;
"(C) of unobligated balances; and
"(D) of any other budgetary resources;
"(2) from which accounts and in what amount—
"(A) appropriations are obligated for each program activity; and
"(B) outlays are made for each program activity;
"(3) from which accounts and in what amount—
"(A) appropriations are obligated for each object class; and
"(B) outlays are made for each object class; and
"(4) for each program activity, the amount—
"(A) obligated for each object class; and
"(B) of outlays made for each object class.

"SEC. 4. DATA STANDARDS.
"(a) In General.—
"(1) Establishment of standards.—The Secretary and the Director, in consultation with the heads of
Federal agencies, shall establish Government-wide financial data standards for any Federal funds made
available to or expended by Federal agencies and entities receiving Federal funds.
"(2) Data elements.—The financial data standards established under paragraph (1) shall include
common data elements for financial and payment information required to be reported by Federal agencies
and entities receiving Federal funds.
"(b) Requirements.—The data standards established under subsection (a) shall, to the extent reasonable
and practicable—
"(1) incorporate widely accepted common data elements, such as those developed and maintained by—
"(A) an international voluntary consensus standards body;
"(B) Federal agencies with authority over contracting and financial assistance; and
"(C) accounting standards organizations;
"(2) incorporate a widely accepted, nonproprietary, searchable, platform-independent computerreadable format;
"(3) include unique identifiers for Federal awards and entities receiving Federal awards that can be
consistently applied Government-wide;
"(4) be consistent with and implement applicable accounting principles;
"(5) be capable of being continually upgraded as necessary;
"(6) produce consistent and comparable data, including across program activities; and
"(7) establish a standard method of conveying the reporting period, reporting entity, unit of measure,
and other associated attributes.
"(c) Deadlines.—
"(1) Guidance.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Digital Accountability and
Transparency Act of 2014 [May 9, 2014], the Director and the Secretary shall issue guidance to Federal
agencies on the data standards established under subsection (a).
"(2) Agencies.—
"(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than 2 years after the date
on which the guidance under paragraph (1) is issued, each Federal agency shall report financial and
payment information data in accordance with the data standards established under subsection (a).
"(B) Noninterference with auditability of department of defense financial statements.—
"(i) In general.—Upon request by the Secretary of Defense, the Director may grant an
extension of the deadline under subparagraph (A) to the Department of Defense for a period of not
more than 6 months to report financial and payment information data in accordance with the data
standards established under subsection (a).
"(ii) Limitation.—The Director may not grant more than 3 extensions to the Secretary of
Defense under clause (i).
"(iii) Notification.—The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall notify the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of
the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight
and Reform] and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives of—
     "(I) each grant of an extension under clause (i); and
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     "(II) the reasons for granting such an extension.
"(3) Website.—Not later than 3 years after the date on which the guidance under paragraph (1) is
issued, the Director and the Secretary shall ensure that the data standards established under subsection (a)
are applied to the data made available on the website established under section 2.
"(d) Consultation.—The Director and the Secretary shall consult with public and private stakeholders in
establishing data standards under this section.

"SEC. 5. SIMPLIFYING FEDERAL AWARD REPORTING.
"(a) In General.—The Director, in consultation with relevant Federal agencies, recipients of Federal
awards, including State and local governments, and institutions of higher education (as defined in section 102
of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)), shall review the information required to be reported
by recipients of Federal awards to identify—
"(1) common reporting elements across the Federal Government;
"(2) unnecessary duplication in financial reporting; and
"(3) unnecessarily burdensome reporting requirements for recipients of Federal awards.
"(b) Pilot Program.—
"(1) Establishment.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Digital Accountability
and Transparency Act of 2014 [May 9, 2014], the Director, or a Federal agency designated by the Director,
shall establish a pilot program (in this section referred to as the 'pilot program') with the participation of
appropriate Federal agencies to facilitate the development of recommendations for—
"(A) standardized reporting elements across the Federal Government;
"(B) the elimination of unnecessary duplication in financial reporting; and
"(C) the reduction of compliance costs for recipients of Federal awards.
"(2) Requirements.—The pilot program shall—
"(A) include a combination of Federal contracts, grants, and subawards, the aggregate value of
which is not less than $1,000,000,000 and not more than $2,000,000,000;
"(B) include a diverse group of recipients of Federal awards; and
"(C) to the extent practicable, include recipients who receive Federal awards from multiple
programs across multiple agencies.
"(3) Data collection.—The pilot program shall include data collected during a 12-month reporting
cycle.
"(4) Reporting and evaluation requirements.—Each recipient of a Federal award participating in
the pilot program shall submit to the Office of Management and Budget or the Federal agency designated
under paragraph (1), as appropriate, any requested reports of the selected Federal awards.
"(5) Termination.—The pilot program shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date on
which the pilot program is established.
"(6) Report to congress.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the pilot program
terminates under paragraph (5), the Director shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs and the Committee on the Budget of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Reform] and the Committee on the Budget of the
House of Representatives a report on the pilot program, which shall include—
"(A) a description of the data collected under the pilot program, the usefulness of the data
provided, and the cost to collect the data from recipients; and
"(B) a discussion of any legislative action required and recommendations for—
"(i) consolidating aspects of Federal financial reporting to reduce the costs to recipients of
Federal awards;
"(ii) automating aspects of Federal financial reporting to increase efficiency and reduce the
costs to recipients of Federal awards;
"(iii) simplifying the reporting requirements for recipients of Federal awards; and
"(iv) improving financial transparency.
"(7) Government-wide implementation.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Director
submits the report under paragraph (6), the Director shall issue guidance to the heads of Federal agencies as
to how the Government-wide financial data standards established under section 4(a) shall be applied to the
information required to be reported by entities receiving Federal awards to—
"(A) reduce the burden of complying with reporting requirements; and
"(B) simplify the reporting process, including by reducing duplicative reports.

"SEC. 6. ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FEDERAL FUNDING.
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"(a) Inspector General Reports.—
"(1) In general.—In accordance with paragraph (2), the Inspector General of each Federal agency, in
consultation with the Comptroller General of the United States, shall—
"(A) review a statistically valid sampling of the spending data submitted under this Act by the
Federal agency; and
"(B) submit to Congress and make publically available a report assessing the completeness,
timeliness, quality, and accuracy of the data sampled and the implementation and use of data standards by
the Federal agency.
"(2) Deadlines.—
"(A) First report.—Not later than 18 months after the date on which the Director and the
Secretary issue guidance to Federal agencies under section 4(c)(1), the Inspector General of each Federal
agency shall submit and make publically available a report as described in paragraph (1).
"(B) Subsequent reports.—On the same date as the Inspector General of each Federal agency
submits the second and fourth reports under sections 3521(f) and 9105(a)(3) of title 31, United States
Code, that are submitted after the report under subparagraph (A), the Inspector General shall submit and
make publically available a report as described in paragraph (1). The report submitted under this
subparagraph may be submitted as a part of the report submitted under section 3521(f) or 9105(a)(3) of
title 31, United States Code.
"(b) Comptroller General Reports.—
"(1) In general.—In accordance with paragraph (2) and after a review of the reports submitted under
subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress and make publically
available a report assessing and comparing the data completeness, timeliness, quality, and accuracy of the
data submitted under this Act by Federal agencies and the implementation and use of data standards by
Federal agencies.
"(2) Deadlines.—Not later than 30 months after the date on which the Director and the Secretary issue
guidance to Federal agencies under section 4(c)(1), and every 2 years thereafter until the date that is 4 years
after the date on which the first report is submitted under this subsection, the Comptroller General of the
United States shall submit and make publically available a report as described in paragraph (1).
"(c) Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board Data Analysis Center.—
"(1) In general.—The Secretary may establish a data analysis center or expand an existing service to
provide data, analytic tools, and data management techniques to support—
"(A) the prevention and reduction of improper payments by Federal agencies; and
"(B) improving efficiency and transparency in Federal spending.
"(2) Data availability.—The Secretary shall enter into memoranda of understanding with Federal
agencies, including Inspectors General and Federal law enforcement agencies—
"(A) under which the Secretary may provide data from the data analysis center for—
"(i) the purposes set forth under paragraph (1);
"(ii) the identification, prevention, and reduction of waste, fraud, and abuse relating to
Federal spending; and
"(iii) use in the conduct of criminal and other investigations; and
"(B) which may require the Federal agency, Inspector General, or Federal law enforcement
agency to provide reimbursement to the Secretary for the reasonable cost of carrying out the agreement.
"(3) Transfer.—Upon the establishment of a data analysis center or the expansion of a service under
paragraph (1), and on or before the date on which the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board
terminates, and in addition to any other transfer that the Director determines is necessary under section
1531 of title 31, United States Code, there are transferred to the Department of the Treasury all assets
identified by the Secretary that support the operations and activities of the Recovery Operations Center of
the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board relating to the detection of waste, fraud, and abuse in
the use of Federal funds that are in existence on the day before the transfer.

"SEC. 7. CLASSIFIED AND PROTECTED INFORMATION.
"Nothing in this Act shall require the disclosure to the public of—
"(1) information that would be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code
(commonly known as the 'Freedom of Information Act'); or
"(2) information protected under section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the
'Privacy Act of 1974'), or section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6103].

"SEC. 8. NO PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.
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"Nothing in this Act shall be construed to create a private right of action for enforcement of any provision
of this Act."
Federal Financial Assistance Management Improvement
Pub. L. 106–107, Nov. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1486, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118
Stat. 814, which required Federal agencies to streamline and simplify the application, administrative, and
reporting procedures for Federal financial assistance programs, ceased to be effective on Nov. 20, 2007.
Uniform Suspension, Debarment or Exclusion From Procurement or Nonprocurement Activity
Pub. L. 103–355, title II, §2455, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3327, as amended by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title
VIII, §815, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(g)(4), Aug. 13, 2018, 132
Stat. 1873, provided that:
"(a) Requirement for Regulations.—Regulations shall be issued providing that provisions for the
debarment, suspension, or other exclusion of a participant in a procurement activity under the Federal
Acquisition Regulation, or in a nonprocurement activity under regulations issued pursuant to Executive Order
No. 12549 [set out below], shall have government-wide effect. No agency shall allow a party to participate in
any procurement or nonprocurement activity if any agency has debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded (to
the extent specified in the exclusion agreement) that party from participation in a procurement or
nonprocurement activity.
"(b) Authority To Grant Exception.—The regulations issued pursuant to subsection (a) shall provide
that an agency may grant an exception permitting a debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded party to
participate in procurement activities of that agency to the extent exceptions are authorized under the Federal
Acquisition Regulation, or to participate in nonprocurement activities of that agency to the extent exceptions
are authorized under regulations issued pursuant to Executive Order No. 12549.
"(c) Definitions.—In this section:
"(1) The term 'procurement activities' means all acquisition programs and activities of the Federal
Government, as defined in the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Such term includes subcontracts at any tier,
other than subcontracts for commercially available off-the-shelf items (as defined in section 35(c) of the
Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 431(c)) [now 41 U.S.C. 104]), except that in
the case of a contract for commercial products, such term includes only first-tier subcontracts.
"(2) The term 'nonprocurement activities' means all programs and activities involving Federal financial
and nonfinancial assistance and benefits, as covered by Executive Order No. 12549 and the Office of
Management and Budget guidelines implementing that order.
"(3) The term 'agency' means an Executive agency as defined in section 103 of title 5, United States
Code."
Transfer of Personnel, Property, Records, and Appropriations
Pub. L. 98–169, §7, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1115, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Management
and Budget shall transfer to the Administrator of General Services such personnel, property, records, and
unexpended balances of appropriations available in connection with any authorities and responsibilities so
transferred, as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget determines are necessary to carry out the
responsibilities transferred pursuant to this Act [enacting sections 6105 and 6106 of this title, amending
sections 6101 to 6104 of this title and repealing section 6105 of this title]."
Executive Documents
Ex. Ord. No. 12549. Debarment and Suspension of Participants in Federal Programs
Ex. Ord. No. 12549, Feb. 18, 1986, 51 F.R. 6370, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America,
and in order to curb fraud, waste, and abuse in Federal programs, increase agency accountability, and ensure
consistency among agency regulations concerning debarment and suspension of participants in Federal
programs, it is hereby ordered that:
Section 1. (a) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the limitations in Section 1(c), Executive
departments and agencies shall participate in a system for debarment and suspension from programs and
activities involving Federal financial and nonfinancial assistance and benefits. Debarment or suspension of a
participant in a program by one agency shall have government-wide effect.
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(b) Activities covered by this Order include but are not limited to: grants, cooperative agreements, contracts
of assistance, loans, and loan guarantees.
(c) This Order does not cover procurement programs and activities, direct Federal statutory entitlements or
mandatory awards, direct awards to foreign governments or public international organizations, benefits to an
individual as a personal entitlement, or Federal employment.
Sec. 2. To the extent permitted by law, Executive departments and agencies shall:
(a) Follow government-wide criteria and government-wide minimum due process procedures when they act
to debar or suspend participants in affected programs.
(b) Send to the agency designated pursuant to Section 5 identifying information concerning debarred and
suspended participants in affected programs, participants who have agreed to exclusion from participation, and
participants declared ineligible under applicable law, including Executive Orders. This information shall be
included in the list to be maintained pursuant to Section 5.
(c) Not allow a party to participate in any affected program if any Executive department or agency has
debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded (to the extent specified in the exclusion agreement) that party
from participation in an affected program. An agency may grant an exception permitting a debarred,
suspended, or excluded party to participate in a particular transaction upon a written determination by the
agency head or authorized designee stating the reason(s) for deviating from this Presidential policy. However,
I intend that exceptions to this policy should be granted only infrequently.
Sec. 3. Executive departments and agencies shall issue regulations governing their implementation of this
Order that shall be consistent with the guidelines issued under Section 6. Proposed regulations shall be
submitted to the Office of Management and Budget for review within four months of the date of the guidelines
issued under Section 6. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget may return for reconsideration
proposed regulations that the Director believes are inconsistent with the guidelines. Final regulations shall be
published within twelve months of the date of the guidelines.
Sec. 4. There is hereby constituted the Interagency Committee on Debarment and Suspension, which shall
monitor implementation of this Order. The Committee shall consist of representatives of agencies designated
by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 5. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall designate a Federal agency to perform
the following functions: maintain a current list of all individuals and organizations excluded from program
participation under this Order, periodically distribute the list to Federal agencies, and study the feasibility of
automating the list; coordinate with the lead agency responsible for government-wide debarment and
suspension of contractors; chair the Interagency Committee established by Section 4; and report periodically
to the Director on implementation of this Order, with the first report due within two years of the date of the
Order.
Sec. 6. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized to issue guidelines to Executive
departments and agencies that govern which programs and activities are covered by this Order, prescribe
government-wide criteria and government-wide minimum due process procedures, and set forth other related
details for the effective administration of the guidelines.
Sec. 7. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall report to the President within three
years of the date of this Order on Federal agency compliance with the Order, including the number of
exceptions made under Section 2(c), and shall make such recommendations as are appropriate further to curb
fraud, waste, and abuse.

Ronald Reagan.      
Ex. Ord. No. 12689. Debarment and Suspension
Ex. Ord. No. 12689, Aug. 16, 1989, 54 F.R. 34131, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America,
and in order to protect the interest of the Federal Government, to deal only with responsible persons, and to
insure proper management and integrity in Federal activities, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Definitions. For purposes of this order:
(a) "Procurement activities" refers to all acquisition programs and activities of the Federal Government, as
defined in the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
(b) "Nonprocurement activities" refers to all programs and activities involving Federal financial and
nonfinancial assistance and benefits, as covered by Executive Order No. 12549 [set out above] and the Office
of Management and Budget guidelines implementing that order.
(c) "Agency" refers to executive departments and agencies.
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Sec. 2. Governmentwide Effect.
(a) To the extent permitted by law and upon resolution of differences and promulgation of final regulations
pursuant to section 3 of this order, the debarment, suspension, or other exclusion of a participant in a
procurement activity under the Federal Acquisition Regulation, or in a nonprocurement activity under
regulations issued pursuant to Executive Order No. 12549, shall have governmentwide effect. No agency shall
allow a party to participate in any procurement or nonprocurement activity if any agency has debarred,
suspended, or otherwise excluded (to the extent specified in the exclusion agreement) that party from
participation in a procurement or nonprocurement activity.
(b) An agency may grant an exception permitting a debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded party to
participate in procurement activities of that agency to the extent exceptions are authorized under the Federal
Acquisition Regulation, or to participate in nonprocurement activities of that agency to the extent exceptions
are authorized under regulations issued pursuant to Executive Order No. 12549.
Sec. 3. Implementation.
(a) The Office of Management and Budget may assist Federal agencies in resolving differences between the
provisions contained in the Federal Acquisition Regulation and in regulations issued pursuant to Executive
Order No. 12549. The Office of Management and Budget may determine the date of resolution of differences
and then shall notify affected agencies of that date.
(b) To implement this order, proposed regulations amending the Federal Acquisition Regulation and the
agency regulations issued pursuant to Executive Order No. 12549 shall be published simultaneously within 6
months of the resolution of differences.
(c) Final regulations shall be published simultaneously within 12 months of the publication of the proposed
regulations, to be effective 30 days thereafter.

George Bush.      

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